/usr/bin/diffoscope --timeout 7200 --html /srv/reproducible-results/rbuild-debian/r-b-build.xKJCin9N/pandas_2.1.4+dfsg-8.diffoscope.html --text /srv/reproducible-results/rbuild-debian/r-b-build.xKJCin9N/pandas_2.1.4+dfsg-8.diffoscope.txt --json /srv/reproducible-results/rbuild-debian/r-b-build.xKJCin9N/pandas_2.1.4+dfsg-8.diffoscope.json --profile=- /srv/reproducible-results/rbuild-debian/r-b-build.xKJCin9N/b1/pandas_2.1.4+dfsg-8_arm64.changes /srv/reproducible-results/rbuild-debian/r-b-build.xKJCin9N/b2/pandas_2.1.4+dfsg-8

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305 KB

/srv/reproducible-results/rbuild-debian/r-b-build.xKJCin9N/b1/pandas_2.1.4+dfsg-8_arm64.changes vs.

/srv/reproducible-results/rbuild-debian/r-b-build.xKJCin9N/b2/pandas_2.1.4+dfsg-8_arm64.changes ¶

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524 B

Files ¶


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1	·9~~6e312~~2~~2452763d9f~~5~~8900dd~~e~~e5d019~~4·10533~~316~~·doc·optional·python-pandas-doc_2.1.4+dfsg-8_all.deb	1	·9eae602a01ab857165939e86e74392d4·10533208·doc·optional·python-pandas-doc_2.1.4+dfsg-8_all.deb
2	·27e041fb018ecb6d0eb852011f239167·63534660·debug·optional·python3-pandas-lib-dbgsym_2.1.4+dfsg-8_arm64.deb	2	·27e041fb018ecb6d0eb852011f239167·63534660·debug·optional·python3-pandas-lib-dbgsym_2.1.4+dfsg-8_arm64.deb
3	·eb80e3c3a3a6fcec33a5f0833fe48e16·6615460·python·optional·python3-pandas-lib_2.1.4+dfsg-8_arm64.deb	3	·eb80e3c3a3a6fcec33a5f0833fe48e16·6615460·python·optional·python3-pandas-lib_2.1.4+dfsg-8_arm64.deb
4	·98be946dcc3a490faf0f4fbc303f4b2a·3015192·python·optional·python3-pandas_2.1.4+dfsg-8_all.deb	4	·98be946dcc3a490faf0f4fbc303f4b2a·3015192·python·optional·python3-pandas_2.1.4+dfsg-8_all.deb

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304 KB

python-pandas-doc_2.1.4+dfsg-8_all.deb ¶

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367 B

file list ¶


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1	-rw-r--r--···0········0········0········4·2024-04-21·12:50:13.000000·debian-binary	1	-rw-r--r--···0········0········0········4·2024-04-21·12:50:13.000000·debian-binary
2	-rw-r--r--···0········0········0···153776·2024-04-21·12:50:13.000000·control.tar.xz	2	-rw-r--r--···0········0········0···153776·2024-04-21·12:50:13.000000·control.tar.xz
3	-rw-r--r--···0········0········0·10379348·2024-04-21·12:50:13.000000·data.tar.xz	3	-rw-r--r--···0········0········0·10379240·2024-04-21·12:50:13.000000·data.tar.xz

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98.0 B

control.tar.xz ¶

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70.0 B

control.tar ¶

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48.0 B

./md5sums ¶

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30.0 B

./md5sums ¶

Files differ

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data.tar.xz ¶

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304 KB

data.tar ¶

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9.64 KB

file list ¶

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154 KB

./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/searchindex.js ¶

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154 KB

js-beautify {} ¶


Offset 20, 30 lines modified		Offset 20, 30 lines modified
20	········],	20	········],
21	········"5.·If·every·byte·counts·use·string·replacement":·[	21	········"5.·If·every·byte·counts·use·string·replacement":·[
22	············[2374,·"5.-If-every-byte-counts-use-string-replacement"]	22	············[2374,·"5.-If-every-byte-counts-use-string-replacement"]
23	········],	23	········],
24	········"API·changes":·[	24	········"API·changes":·[
25	············[2431,·"api-changes"],	25	············[2431,·"api-changes"],
26	············[2430,·"api-changes"],	26	············[2430,·"api-changes"],
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40	············[2381,·"api-changes"],	40	············[2381,·"api-changes"],
41	············[2384,·"api-changes"],	41	············[2384,·"api-changes"],
42	············[2382,·"api-changes"]	42	············[2383,·"api-changes"]
43	········],	43	········],
44	········"API·changes·to·integer·indexing":·[	44	········"API·changes·to·integer·indexing":·[
45	············[2424,·"api-changes-to-integer-indexing"]	45	············[2424,·"api-changes-to-integer-indexing"]
46	········],	46	········],
47	········"API·reference":·[	47	········"API·reference":·[
48	············[2340,·"api-reference"]	48	············[2340,·"api-reference"]
49	········],	49	········],
Offset 126, 18 lines modified		Offset 126, 18 lines modified
126	········"Aggregating·with·a·dict":·[	126	········"Aggregating·with·a·dict":·[
127	············[2353,·"aggregating-with-a-dict"]	127	············[2353,·"aggregating-with-a-dict"]
128	········],	128	········],
129	········"Aggregating·with·multiple·functions":·[	129	········"Aggregating·with·multiple·functions":·[
130	············[2353,·"aggregating-with-multiple-functions"]	130	············[2353,·"aggregating-with-multiple-functions"]
131	········],	131	········],
132	········"Aggregation":·[	132	········"Aggregation":·[
133	············[19,·"aggregation"],
134	············[16,·"aggregation"],	133	············[16,·"aggregation"],
135	············[2362,·"aggregation"],	134	············[19,·"aggregation"],
136	············[2377,·"aggregation"]	135	············[2377,·"aggregation"],
		136	············[2362,·"aggregation"]
137	········],	137	········],
138	········"Aggregation·API":·[	138	········"Aggregation·API":·[
139	············[2353,·"aggregation-api"]	139	············[2353,·"aggregation-api"]
140	········],	140	········],
141	········"Aggregation·with·User-Defined·Functions":·[	141	········"Aggregation·with·User-Defined·Functions":·[
142	············[2362,·"aggregation-with-user-defined-functions"]	142	············[2362,·"aggregation-with-user-defined-functions"]
143	········],	143	········],
Offset 213, 16 lines modified		Offset 213, 16 lines modified
213	········"Assignment·to·multiple·columns·of·a·DataFrame·when·some·columns·do·not·exist":·[	213	········"Assignment·to·multiple·columns·of·a·DataFrame·when·some·columns·do·not·exist":·[
214	············[2438,·"assignment-to-multiple-columns-of-a-dataframe-when-some-columns-do-not-exist"]	214	············[2438,·"assignment-to-multiple-columns-of-a-dataframe-when-some-columns-do-not-exist"]
215	········],	215	········],
216	········"Attribute·access":·[	216	········"Attribute·access":·[
217	············[2364,·"attribute-access"]	217	············[2364,·"attribute-access"]
218	········],	218	········],
219	········"Attributes":·[	219	········"Attributes":·[
220	············[2376,·"attributes"],
221	············[2347,·"attributes"]	220	············[2347,·"attributes"],
		221	············[2376,·"attributes"]
222	········],	222	········],
223	········"Attributes·and·underlying·data":·[	223	········"Attributes·and·underlying·data":·[
224	············[2337,·"attributes-and-underlying-data"],	224	············[2337,·"attributes-and-underlying-data"],
225	············[2353,·"attributes-and-underlying-data"]	225	············[2353,·"attributes-and-underlying-data"]
226	········],	226	········],
227	········"Autocorrelation·plot":·[	227	········"Autocorrelation·plot":·[
228	············[2378,·"autocorrelation-plot"]	228	············[2378,·"autocorrelation-plot"]
Offset 263, 31 lines modified		Offset 263, 31 lines modified
263	········"Backward·resample":·[	263	········"Backward·resample":·[
264	············[2377,·"backward-resample"]	264	············[2377,·"backward-resample"]
265	········],	265	········],
266	········"Backwards·compatibility":·[	266	········"Backwards·compatibility":·[
267	············[2,·"backwards-compatibility"]	267	············[2,·"backwards-compatibility"]
268	········],	268	········],
269	········"Backwards·incompatible·API·changes":·[	269	········"Backwards·incompatible·API·changes":·[
		270	············[2450,·"backwards-incompatible-api-changes"],
		271	············[2469,·"backwards-incompatible-api-changes"],
		272	············[2461,·"backwards-incompatible-api-changes"],
270	············[2456,·"backwards-incompatible-api-changes"],	273	············[2456,·"backwards-incompatible-api-changes"],
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272	············[2450,·"backwards-incompatible-api-changes"],
273	············[2465,·"backwards-incompatible-api-changes"],	275	············[2465,·"backwards-incompatible-api-changes"],
274	············[2469,·"backwards-incompatible-api-changes"],
275	············[2438,·"backwards-incompatible-api-changes"],	276	············[2438,·"backwards-incompatible-api-changes"],
276	············[2461,·"backwards-incompatible-api-changes"],
277	············[2416,·"backwards-incompatible-api-changes"],
278	············[2397,·"backwards-incompatible-api-changes"],
279	············[2407,·"backwards-incompatible-api-changes"],
280	············[2392,·"backwards-incompatible-api-changes"],	277	············[2392,·"backwards-incompatible-api-changes"],
281	············[2389,·"backwards-incompatible-api-changes"],
282	············[2408,·"backwards-incompatible-api-changes"],	278	············[2416,·"backwards-incompatible-api-changes"],
283	············[2402,·"backwards-incompatible-api-changes"],	279	············[2402,·"backwards-incompatible-api-changes"],
284	············[2395,·"backwards-incompatible-api-changes"],	280	············[2395,·"backwards-incompatible-api-changes"],
285	············[2413,·"backwards-incompatible-api-changes"],	281	············[2408,·"backwards-incompatible-api-changes"],
		282	············[2397,·"backwards-incompatible-api-changes"],
		283	············[2389,·"backwards-incompatible-api-changes"],
		284	············[2407,·"backwards-incompatible-api-changes"],
286	············[2405,·"backwards-incompatible-api-changes"]	285	············[2405,·"backwards-incompatible-api-changes"],
		286	············[2413,·"backwards-incompatible-api-changes"]
287	········],	287	········],
288	········"Bar·charts":·[	288	········"Bar·charts":·[
289	············[2374,·"Bar-charts"]	289	············[2374,·"Bar-charts"]
290	········],	290	········],
291	········"Bar·plots":·[	291	········"Bar·plots":·[
292	············[2378,·"bar-plots"]	292	············[2378,·"bar-plots"]
293	········],	293	········],
Offset 353, 16 lines modified		Offset 353, 16 lines modified
353	········"Bitwise·boolean":·[	353	········"Bitwise·boolean":·[
354	············[2361,·"bitwise-boolean"]	354	············[2361,·"bitwise-boolean"]
355	········],	355	········],
356	········"Boolean·data·type·with·missing·values·support":·[	356	········"Boolean·data·type·with·missing·values·support":·[
357	············[2432,·"boolean-data-type-with-missing-values-support"]	357	············[2432,·"boolean-data-type-with-missing-values-support"]
358	········],	358	········],
359	········"Boolean·indexing":·[	359	········"Boolean·indexing":·[
360	············[2351,·"boolean-indexing"],
361	············[2364,·"boolean-indexing"]	360	············[2364,·"boolean-indexing"],
		361	············[2351,·"boolean-indexing"]
362	········],	362	········],
363	········"Boolean·operators":·[	363	········"Boolean·operators":·[
364	············[2364,·"boolean-operators"]	364	············[2364,·"boolean-operators"]
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4.37 KB

./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/advanced.html ¶


Offset 1849, 25 lines modified		Offset 1849, 25 lines modified
1849	<span·class="gp">In·[141]:·</span><span·class="n">indexer</span>·<span·class="o">=</span>·<span·class="n">np</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">arange</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="mi">10000</span><span·class="p">)</span>	1849	<span·class="gp">In·[141]:·</span><span·class="n">indexer</span>·<span·class="o">=</span>·<span·class="n">np</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">arange</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="mi">10000</span><span·class="p">)</span>

1850	<span·class="gp">In·[142]:·</span><span·class="n">random</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">shuffle</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">indexer</span><span·class="p">)</span>	1850	<span·class="gp">In·[142]:·</span><span·class="n">random</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">shuffle</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">indexer</span><span·class="p">)</span>

1851	<span·class="gp">In·[143]:·</span><span·class="o">%</span><span·class="k">timeit</span>·arr[indexer]	1851	<span·class="gp">In·[143]:·</span><span·class="o">%</span><span·class="k">timeit</span>·arr[indexer]
1852	<span·class="gp">···.....:·</span><span·class="o">%</span><span·class="k">timeit</span>·arr.take(indexer,·axis=0)	1852	<span·class="gp">···.....:·</span><span·class="o">%</span><span·class="k">timeit</span>·arr.take(indexer,·axis=0)
1853	<span·class="gp">···.....:·</span>	1853	<span·class="gp">···.....:·</span>
		1854	<span·class="go">698·us·+-·84.8·us·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·1,000·loops·each)</span>
1854	<span·class="go">209·us·+-·324·ns·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·1,000·loops·each)</span>	1855	<span·class="go">210·us·+-·43·us·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·1,000·loops·each)</span>
1855	<span·class="go">77.8·us·+-·231·ns·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·10,000·loops·each)</span>
1856	</pre></div>	1856	</pre></div>
1857	</div>	1857	</div>
1858	<div·class="highlight-ipython·notranslate"><div·class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span·class="gp">In·[144]:·</span><span·class="n">ser</span>·<span·class="o">=</span>·<span·class="n">pd</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">Series</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">arr</span><span·class="p">[:,</span>·<span·class="mi">0</span><span·class="p">])</span>	1858	<div·class="highlight-ipython·notranslate"><div·class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span·class="gp">In·[144]:·</span><span·class="n">ser</span>·<span·class="o">=</span>·<span·class="n">pd</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">Series</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">arr</span><span·class="p">[:,</span>·<span·class="mi">0</span><span·class="p">])</span>

1859	<span·class="gp">In·[145]:·</span><span·class="o">%</span><span·class="k">timeit</span>·ser.iloc[indexer]	1859	<span·class="gp">In·[145]:·</span><span·class="o">%</span><span·class="k">timeit</span>·ser.iloc[indexer]
1860	<span·class="gp">···.....:·</span><span·class="o">%</span><span·class="k">timeit</span>·ser.take(indexer)	1860	<span·class="gp">···.....:·</span><span·class="o">%</span><span·class="k">timeit</span>·ser.take(indexer)
1861	<span·class="gp">···.....:·</span>	1861	<span·class="gp">···.....:·</span>
1862	<span·class="go">~~147~~·us·+-·~~483~~·ns·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·10,000·loops·each)</span>	1862	<span·class="go">501·us·+-·70.5·us·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·1,000·loops·each)</span>
1863	<span·class="go">~~129~~·us·+-·~~433~~·ns·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·10,000·loops·each)</span>	1863	<span·class="go">388·us·+-·86.5·us·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·1,000·loops·each)</span>
1864	</pre></div>	1864	</pre></div>
1865	</div>	1865	</div>
1866	</section>	1866	</section>
1867	<section·id="index-types">	1867	<section·id="index-types">
1868	<span·id="advanced-index-types"></span><h2>Index·types<a·class="headerlink"·href="#index-types"·title="Link·to·this·heading">¶</a></h2>	1868	<span·id="advanced-index-types"></span><h2>Index·types<a·class="headerlink"·href="#index-types"·title="Link·to·this·heading">¶</a></h2>
1869	<p>We·have·discussed·<code·class="docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">MultiIndex</span></code>·in·the·previous·sections·pretty·extensively.	1869	<p>We·have·discussed·<code·class="docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">MultiIndex</span></code>·in·the·previous·sections·pretty·extensively.
1870	Documentation·about·<code·class="docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">DatetimeIndex</span></code>·and·<code·class="docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">PeriodIndex</span></code>·are·shown·<a·class="reference·internal"·href="timeseries.html#timeseries-overview"><span·class="std·std-ref">here</span></a>,	1870	Documentation·about·<code·class="docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">DatetimeIndex</span></code>·and·<code·class="docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">PeriodIndex</span></code>·are·shown·<a·class="reference·internal"·href="timeseries.html#timeseries-overview"><span·class="std·std-ref">here</span></a>,

⊟

1.46 KB

html2text {} ¶

⊟

32.6 KB

./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/enhancingperf.html ¶

⊟

11.1 KB

html2text {} ¶


Offset 113, 32 lines modified		Offset 113, 32 lines modified
113	···...:·····dx·=·(b·-·a)·/·N	113	···...:·····dx·=·(b·-·a)·/·N
114	···...:·····for·i·in·range(N):	114	···...:·····for·i·in·range(N):
115	···...:·········s·+=·f(a·+·i·*·dx)	115	···...:·········s·+=·f(a·+·i·*·dx)
116	···...:·····return·s·*·dx	116	···...:·····return·s·*·dx
117	···...:	117	···...:
118	We·achieve·our·result·by·using·_\x8D_\x8a_\x8t_\x8a_\x8F_\x8r_\x8a_\x8m_\x8e_\x8._\x8a_\x8p_\x8p_\x8l_\x8y_\x8(_\x8)·(row-wise):	118	We·achieve·our·result·by·using·_\x8D_\x8a_\x8t_\x8a_\x8F_\x8r_\x8a_\x8m_\x8e_\x8._\x8a_\x8p_\x8p_\x8l_\x8y_\x8(_\x8)·(row-wise):
119	In·[5]:·%timeit·df.apply(lambda·x:·integrate_f(x["a"],·x["b"],·x["N"]),·axis=1)	119	In·[5]:·%timeit·df.apply(lambda·x:·integrate_f(x["a"],·x["b"],·x["N"]),·axis=1)
120	9~~7.1~~·ms·+-·~~271~~·us·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·10·loops·each)	120	150·ms·+-·38.7·ms·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·10·loops·each)
121	Let’s·take·a·look·and·see·where·the·time·is·spent·during·this·operation·using	121	Let’s·take·a·look·and·see·where·the·time·is·spent·during·this·operation·using
122	the·_\x8p_\x8r_\x8u_\x8n_\x8·_\x8i_\x8p_\x8y_\x8t_\x8h_\x8o_\x8n_\x8·_\x8m_\x8a_\x8g_\x8i_\x8c_\x8·_\x8f_\x8u_\x8n_\x8c_\x8t_\x8i_\x8o_\x8n:	122	the·_\x8p_\x8r_\x8u_\x8n_\x8·_\x8i_\x8p_\x8y_\x8t_\x8h_\x8o_\x8n_\x8·_\x8m_\x8a_\x8g_\x8i_\x8c_\x8·_\x8f_\x8u_\x8n_\x8c_\x8t_\x8i_\x8o_\x8n:
123	#·most·time·consuming·4·calls	123	#·most·time·consuming·4·calls
124	In·[6]:·%prun·-l·4·df.apply(lambda·x:·integrate_f(x["a"],·x["b"],·x["N"]),	124	In·[6]:·%prun·-l·4·df.apply(lambda·x:·integrate_f(x["a"],·x["b"],·x["N"]),
125	axis=1)··#·noqa·E999	125	axis=1)··#·noqa·E999
126	·········605963·function·calls·(605945·primitive·calls)·in·0.304·seconds	126	·········605963·function·calls·(605945·primitive·calls)·in·0.318·seconds

127	···Ordered·by:·internal·time	127	···Ordered·by:·internal·time
128	···List·reduced·from·167·to·4·due·to·restriction·<4>	128	···List·reduced·from·167·to·4·due·to·restriction·<4>

129	···ncalls··tottime··percall··cumtime··percall·filename:lineno(function)	129	···ncalls··tottime··percall··cumtime··percall·filename:lineno(function)
130	·····1000····0.196····0.000····0.276····0.000·<ipython-input-4-c2a74e076cf0>:1	130	·····1000····0.206····0.000····0.288····0.000·<ipython-input-4-c2a74e076cf0>:1
131	(integrate_f)	131	(integrate_f)
132	···552423····0.080····0.000····0.080····0.000·<ipython-input-3-c138bdd570e3>:1	132	···552423····0.082····0.000····0.082····0.000·<ipython-input-3-c138bdd570e3>:1
133	(f)	133	(f)
134	·····3000····0.005····0.000····0.019····0.000·series.py:1016(__getitem__)	134	·····3000····0.005····0.000····0.020····0.000·series.py:1016(__getitem__)
135	·····3000····0.003····0.000····0.008····0.000·series.py:1139(_get_value)	135	·····3000····0.003····0.000····0.009····0.000·series.py:1139(_get_value)
136	By·far·the·majority·of·time·is·spend·inside·either·integrate_f·or·f,·hence	136	By·far·the·majority·of·time·is·spend·inside·either·integrate_f·or·f,·hence
137	we’ll·concentrate·our·efforts·cythonizing·these·two·functions.	137	we’ll·concentrate·our·efforts·cythonizing·these·two·functions.
138	\x8\x8\x8\x8·P\x8Pl\x8la\x8ai\x8in\x8n·C\x8Cy\x8yt\x8th\x8ho\x8on\x8n_\x8?\x8¶·\x8\x8\x8\x8	138	\x8\x8\x8\x8·P\x8Pl\x8la\x8ai\x8in\x8n·C\x8Cy\x8yt\x8th\x8ho\x8on\x8n_\x8?\x8¶·\x8\x8\x8\x8
139	First·we’re·going·to·need·to·import·the·Cython·magic·function·to·IPython:	139	First·we’re·going·to·need·to·import·the·Cython·magic·function·to·IPython:
140	In·[7]:·%load_ext·Cython	140	In·[7]:·%load_ext·Cython
141	Now,·let’s·simply·copy·our·functions·over·to·Cython:	141	Now,·let’s·simply·copy·our·functions·over·to·Cython:
142	In·[8]:·%%cython	142	In·[8]:·%%cython
Offset 149, 15 lines modified		Offset 149, 15 lines modified
149	···...:·····dx·=·(b·-·a)·/·N	149	···...:·····dx·=·(b·-·a)·/·N
150	···...:·····for·i·in·range(N):	150	···...:·····for·i·in·range(N):
151	···...:·········s·+=·f_plain(a·+·i·*·dx)	151	···...:·········s·+=·f_plain(a·+·i·*·dx)
152	···...:·····return·s·*·dx	152	···...:·····return·s·*·dx
153	···...:	153	···...:
154	In·[9]:·%timeit·df.apply(lambda·x:·integrate_f_plain(x["a"],·x["b"],·x["N"]),	154	In·[9]:·%timeit·df.apply(lambda·x:·integrate_f_plain(x["a"],·x["b"],·x["N"]),
155	axis=1)	155	axis=1)
156	8~~7.4~~·ms·+-·70.6·us·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·10·loops·each)	156	143·ms·+-·36·ms·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·10·loops·each)
157	This·has·improved·the·performance·compared·to·the·pure·Python·approach·by·one-	157	This·has·improved·the·performance·compared·to·the·pure·Python·approach·by·one-
158	third.	158	third.
159	\x8\x8\x8\x8·D\x8De\x8ec\x8cl\x8la\x8ar\x8ri\x8in\x8ng\x8g·C\x8C·t\x8ty\x8yp\x8pe\x8es\x8s_\x8?\x8¶·\x8\x8\x8\x8	159	\x8\x8\x8\x8·D\x8De\x8ec\x8cl\x8la\x8ar\x8ri\x8in\x8ng\x8g·C\x8C·t\x8ty\x8yp\x8pe\x8es\x8s_\x8?\x8¶·\x8\x8\x8\x8
160	We·can·annotate·the·function·variables·and·return·types·as·well·as·use·cdef·and	160	We·can·annotate·the·function·variables·and·return·types·as·well·as·use·cdef·and
161	cpdef·to·improve·performance:	161	cpdef·to·improve·performance:
162	In·[10]:·%%cython	162	In·[10]:·%%cython
163	···....:·cdef·double·f_typed(double·x)·except?·-2:	163	···....:·cdef·double·f_typed(double·x)·except?·-2:
Offset 169, 35 lines modified		Offset 169, 35 lines modified
169	···....:·····dx·=·(b·-·a)·/·N	169	···....:·····dx·=·(b·-·a)·/·N
170	···....:·····for·i·in·range(N):	170	···....:·····for·i·in·range(N):
171	···....:·········s·+=·f_typed(a·+·i·*·dx)	171	···....:·········s·+=·f_typed(a·+·i·*·dx)
172	···....:·····return·s·*·dx	172	···....:·····return·s·*·dx
173	···....:	173	···....:
174	In·[11]:·%timeit·df.apply(lambda·x:·integrate_f_typed(x["a"],·x["b"],·x["N"]),	174	In·[11]:·%timeit·df.apply(lambda·x:·integrate_f_typed(x["a"],·x["b"],·x["N"]),
175	axis=1)	175	axis=1)
176	10.1·ms·+-·~~12.8~~·us·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·100·loops·each)	176	15.7·ms·+-·4.25·ms·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·10·loops·each)
177	Annotating·the·functions·with·C·types·yields·an·over·ten·times·performance	177	Annotating·the·functions·with·C·types·yields·an·over·ten·times·performance
178	improvement·compared·to·the·original·Python·implementation.	178	improvement·compared·to·the·original·Python·implementation.
179	\x8\x8\x8\x8·U\x8Us\x8si\x8in\x8ng\x8g·n\x8nd\x8da\x8ar\x8rr\x8ra\x8ay\x8y_\x8?\x8¶·\x8\x8\x8\x8	179	\x8\x8\x8\x8·U\x8Us\x8si\x8in\x8ng\x8g·n\x8nd\x8da\x8ar\x8rr\x8ra\x8ay\x8y_\x8?\x8¶·\x8\x8\x8\x8
180	When·re-profiling,·time·is·spent·creating·a·_\x8S_\x8e_\x8r_\x8i_\x8e_\x8s·from·each·row,·and·calling	180	When·re-profiling,·time·is·spent·creating·a·_\x8S_\x8e_\x8r_\x8i_\x8e_\x8s·from·each·row,·and·calling
181	__getitem__·from·both·the·index·and·the·series·(three·times·for·each·row).	181	__getitem__·from·both·the·index·and·the·series·(three·times·for·each·row).
182	These·Python·function·calls·are·expensive·and·can·be·improved·by·passing·an	182	These·Python·function·calls·are·expensive·and·can·be·improved·by·passing·an
183	np.ndarray.	183	np.ndarray.
184	In·[12]:·%prun·-l·4·df.apply(lambda·x:·integrate_f_typed(x["a"],·x["b"],·x	184	In·[12]:·%prun·-l·4·df.apply(lambda·x:·integrate_f_typed(x["a"],·x["b"],·x
185	["N"]),·axis=1)	185	["N"]),·axis=1)
186	·········52540·function·calls·(52522·primitive·calls)·in·0.028·seconds	186	·········52540·function·calls·(52522·primitive·calls)·in·0.058·seconds

187	···Ordered·by:·internal·time	187	···Ordered·by:·internal·time
188	···List·reduced·from·165·to·4·due·to·restriction·<4>	188	···List·reduced·from·165·to·4·due·to·restriction·<4>

189	···ncalls··tottime··percall··cumtime··percall·filename:lineno(function)	189	···ncalls··tottime··percall··cumtime··percall·filename:lineno(function)
190	·····3000····0.005····0.000····0.018····0.000·series.py:1016(__getitem__)
191	·····3000····0.003····0.000····0.008····0.000·series.py:1139(_get_value)
192	·····3000····0.003····0.000····0.004····0.000·indexing.py:2678	190	·····3000····0.011····0.000····0.016····0.000·indexing.py:2678
193	(check_dict_or_set_indexers)	191	(check_dict_or_set_indexers)
		192	·····1000····0.010····0.000····0.049····0.000·<string>:1(<lambda>)
		193	·····3000····0.007····0.000····0.017····0.000·series.py:1139(_get_value)
194	·····3000····0.002····0.000····0.003····0.000·base.py:3763(get_loc)	194	·····3000····0.007····0.000····0.007····0.000·base.py:3763(get_loc)
195	In·[13]:·%%cython	195	In·[13]:·%%cython
196	···....:·cimport·numpy·as·np	196	···....:·cimport·numpy·as·np
197	···....:·import·numpy·as·np	197	···....:·import·numpy·as·np
198	···....:·cdef·double·f_typed(double·x)·except?·-2:	198	···....:·cdef·double·f_typed(double·x)·except?·-2:
199	···....:·····return·x·*·(x·-·1)	199	···....:·····return·x·*·(x·-·1)
200	···....:·cpdef·double·integrate_f_typed(double·a,·double·b,·int·N):	200	···....:·cpdef·double·integrate_f_typed(double·a,·double·b,·int·N):
201	···....:·····cdef·int·i	201	···....:·····cdef·int·i
Offset 238, 15 lines modified		Offset 238, 15 lines modified
238	This·implementation·creates·an·array·of·zeros·and·inserts·the·result·of	238	This·implementation·creates·an·array·of·zeros·and·inserts·the·result·of
239	integrate_f_typed·applied·over·each·row.·Looping·over·an·ndarray·is·faster·in	239	integrate_f_typed·applied·over·each·row.·Looping·over·an·ndarray·is·faster·in
240	Cython·than·looping·over·a·_\x8S_\x8e_\x8r_\x8i_\x8e_\x8s·object.	240	Cython·than·looping·over·a·_\x8S_\x8e_\x8r_\x8i_\x8e_\x8s·object.
241	Since·apply_integrate_f·is·typed·to·accept·an·np.ndarray,·_\x8S_\x8e_\x8r_\x8i_\x8e_\x8s_\x8._\x8t_\x8o_\x8__\x8n_\x8u_\x8m_\x8p_\x8y_\x8(_\x8)	241	Since·apply_integrate_f·is·typed·to·accept·an·np.ndarray,·_\x8S_\x8e_\x8r_\x8i_\x8e_\x8s_\x8._\x8t_\x8o_\x8__\x8n_\x8u_\x8m_\x8p_\x8y_\x8(_\x8)
242	calls·are·needed·to·utilize·this·function.	242	calls·are·needed·to·utilize·this·function.
243	In·[14]:·%timeit·apply_integrate_f(df["a"].to_numpy(),·df["b"].to_numpy(),·df	243	In·[14]:·%timeit·apply_integrate_f(df["a"].to_numpy(),·df["b"].to_numpy(),·df
244	["N"].to_numpy())	244	["N"].to_numpy())
245	1.3·ms·+-·~~114~~·us·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·1,000·loops·each)	245	2.33·ms·+-·495·us·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·100·loops·each)
246	Performance·has·improved·from·the·prior·implementation·by·almost·ten·times.	246	Performance·has·improved·from·the·prior·implementation·by·almost·ten·times.
247	\x8\x8\x8\x8·D\x8Di\x8is\x8sa\x8ab\x8bl\x8li\x8in\x8ng\x8g·c\x8co\x8om\x8mp\x8pi\x8il\x8le\x8er\x8r·d\x8di\x8ir\x8re\x8ec\x8ct\x8ti\x8iv\x8ve\x8es\x8s_\x8?\x8¶·\x8\x8\x8\x8	247	\x8\x8\x8\x8·D\x8Di\x8is\x8sa\x8ab\x8bl\x8li\x8in\x8ng\x8g·c\x8co\x8om\x8mp\x8pi\x8il\x8le\x8er\x8r·d\x8di\x8ir\x8re\x8ec\x8ct\x8ti\x8iv\x8ve\x8es\x8s_\x8?\x8¶·\x8\x8\x8\x8
248	The·majority·of·the·time·is·now·spent·in·apply_integrate_f.·Disabling·Cython’s	248	The·majority·of·the·time·is·now·spent·in·apply_integrate_f.·Disabling·Cython’s
249	boundscheck·and·wraparound·checks·can·yield·more·performance.	249	boundscheck·and·wraparound·checks·can·yield·more·performance.
250	In·[15]:·%prun·-l·4·apply_integrate_f(df["a"].to_numpy(),·df["b"].to_numpy(),	250	In·[15]:·%prun·-l·4·apply_integrate_f(df["a"].to_numpy(),·df["b"].to_numpy(),
251	df["N"].to_numpy())	251	df["N"].to_numpy())
252	·········75·function·calls·in·0.001·seconds	252	·········75·function·calls·in·0.001·seconds
Offset 254, 15 lines modified		Offset 254, 15 lines modified
254	···Ordered·by:·internal·time	254	···Ordered·by:·internal·time
255	···List·reduced·from·20·to·4·due·to·restriction·<4>	255	···List·reduced·from·20·to·4·due·to·restriction·<4>

256	···ncalls··tottime··percall··cumtime··percall·filename:lineno(function)	256	···ncalls··tottime··percall··cumtime··percall·filename:lineno(function)
257	········1····0.001····0.001····0.001····0.001·<string>:1(<module>)	257	········1····0.001····0.001····0.001····0.001·<string>:1(<module>)
258	········1····0.000····0.000····0.001····0.001·{built-in·method·builtins.exec}	258	········1····0.000····0.000····0.001····0.001·{built-in·method·builtins.exec}
259	········3····0.000····0.000····0.000····0.000·frame.py:3853(__getitem__)	259	········3····0.000····0.000····0.000····0.000·frame.py:3853(__getitem__)
260	········3····0.000····0.000····0.000····0.000·co~~mmon~~.py:~~367~~(~~apply_~~if_~~callable~~)	260	········3····0.000····0.000····0.000····0.000·base.py:541(to_numpy)
261	In·[16]:·%%cython	261	In·[16]:·%%cython
262	···....:·cimport·cython	262	···....:·cimport·cython
263	···....:·cimport·numpy·as·np	263	···....:·cimport·numpy·as·np
264	···....:·import·numpy·as·np	264	···....:·import·numpy·as·np
265	···....:·cdef·np.float64_t·f_typed(np.float64_t·x)·except?·-2:	265	···....:·cdef·np.float64_t·f_typed(np.float64_t·x)·except?·-2:
266	···....:·····return·x·*·(x·-·1)	266	···....:·····return·x·*·(x·-·1)
267	···....:·cpdef·np.float64_t·integrate_f_typed(np.float64_t·a,·np.float64_t·b,	267	···....:·cpdef·np.float64_t·integrate_f_typed(np.float64_t·a,·np.float64_t·b,
Offset 300, 15 lines modified		Offset 300, 15 lines modified
300	/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/	300	/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/numpy/core/include/numpy/
301	npy_1_7_deprecated_api.h:17:2:·warning:·#warning·"Using·deprecated·NumPy·API,	301	npy_1_7_deprecated_api.h:17:2:·warning:·#warning·"Using·deprecated·NumPy·API,
302	disable·it·with·"·"#define·NPY_NO_DEPRECATED_API·NPY_1_7_API_VERSION"·[-Wcpp]	302	disable·it·with·"·"#define·NPY_NO_DEPRECATED_API·NPY_1_7_API_VERSION"·[-Wcpp]
303	···17·\|·#warning·"Using·deprecated·NumPy·API,·disable·it·with·"·\	303	···17·\|·#warning·"Using·deprecated·NumPy·API,·disable·it·with·"·\
304	······\|··^~~~~~~	304	······\|··^~~~~~~
305	In·[17]:·%timeit·apply_integrate_f_wrap(df["a"].to_numpy(),·df["b"].to_numpy(),	305	In·[17]:·%timeit·apply_integrate_f_wrap(df["a"].to_numpy(),·df["b"].to_numpy(),
306	df["N"].to_numpy())	306	df["N"].to_numpy())
307	1.13·ms·+-·238·us·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·1,000·loops·each)	307	1.26·ms·+-·286·us·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·1,000·loops·each)
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Offset 600, 16 lines modified		Offset 600, 16 lines modified
600	···....:·files·=·pathlib.Path("data/timeseries/").glob("ts*.parquet")	600	···....:·files·=·pathlib.Path("data/timeseries/").glob("ts*.parquet")
601	···....:·counts·=·pd.Series(dtype=int)	601	···....:·counts·=·pd.Series(dtype=int)
602	···....:·for·path·in·files:	602	···....:·for·path·in·files:
603	···....:·····df·=·pd.read_parquet(path)	603	···....:·····df·=·pd.read_parquet(path)
604	···....:·····counts·=·counts.add(df["name"].value_counts(),·fill_value=0)	604	···....:·····counts·=·counts.add(df["name"].value_counts(),·fill_value=0)
605	···....:·counts.astype(int)	605	···....:·counts.astype(int)
606	···....:	606	···....:
607	CPU·times:·user·691·us,·sys:·0·ns,·total:·691·us	607	CPU·times:·user·604·us,·sys:·35·us,·total:·639·us
608	Wall·time:·~~702~~·us	608	Wall·time:·646·us
609	Out[32]:·Series([],·dtype:·int64)	609	Out[32]:·Series([],·dtype:·int64)
610	Some·readers,·like·_\x8p_\x8a_\x8n_\x8d_\x8a_\x8s_\x8._\x8r_\x8e_\x8a_\x8d_\x8__\x8c_\x8s_\x8v_\x8(_\x8),·offer·parameters·to·control·the·chunksize	610	Some·readers,·like·_\x8p_\x8a_\x8n_\x8d_\x8a_\x8s_\x8._\x8r_\x8e_\x8a_\x8d_\x8__\x8c_\x8s_\x8v_\x8(_\x8),·offer·parameters·to·control·the·chunksize
611	when·reading·a·single·file.	611	when·reading·a·single·file.
612	Manually·chunking·is·an·OK·option·for·workflows·that·don’t·require·too	612	Manually·chunking·is·an·OK·option·for·workflows·that·don’t·require·too
613	sophisticated·of·operations.·Some·operations,·like·_\x8p_\x8a_\x8n_\x8d_\x8a_\x8s_\x8._\x8D_\x8a_\x8t_\x8a_\x8F_\x8r_\x8a_\x8m_\x8e_\x8._\x8g_\x8r_\x8o_\x8u_\x8p_\x8b_\x8y_\x8(_\x8),	613	sophisticated·of·operations.·Some·operations,·like·_\x8p_\x8a_\x8n_\x8d_\x8a_\x8s_\x8._\x8D_\x8a_\x8t_\x8a_\x8F_\x8r_\x8a_\x8m_\x8e_\x8._\x8g_\x8r_\x8o_\x8u_\x8p_\x8b_\x8y_\x8(_\x8),
614	are·much·harder·to·do·chunkwise.·In·these·cases,·you·may·be·better·switching·to	614	are·much·harder·to·do·chunkwise.·In·these·cases,·you·may·be·better·switching·to
615	a·different·library·that·implements·these·out-of-core·algorithms·for·you.	615	a·different·library·that·implements·these·out-of-core·algorithms·for·you.

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./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/style.ipynb.gz ¶

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style.ipynb ¶

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Pretty-printed ¶

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41	········{	41	········{
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44	············"metadata":·{	44	············"metadata":·{
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50	················},	50	················},
51	················"nbsphinx":·"hidden"	51	················"nbsphinx":·"hidden"
52	············},	52	············},
53	············"outputs":·[],	53	············"outputs":·[],
54	············"source":·[	54	············"source":·[
55	················"import·matplotlib.pyplot\n",	55	················"import·matplotlib.pyplot\n",
56	················"#·We·have·this·here·to·trigger·matplotlib's·font·cache·stuff.\n",	56	················"#·We·have·this·here·to·trigger·matplotlib's·font·cache·stuff.\n",
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77	············]	77	············]
78	········},	78	········},
79	········{	79	········{
80	············"cell_type":·"code",	80	············"cell_type":·"code",
81	············"execution_count":·2,	81	············"execution_count":·2,
82	············"metadata":·{	82	············"metadata":·{
83	················"execution":·{	83	················"execution":·{
84	····················"iopub.execute_input":·"2025-06-28T15:31:40.~~69833~~8Z",	84	····················"iopub.execute_input":·"2024-05-26T11:39:24.720678Z",
85	····················"iopub.status.busy":·"2025-06-28T15:31:40.~~697895~~Z",	85	····················"iopub.status.busy":·"2024-05-26T11:39:24.720278Z",
86	····················"iopub.status.idle":·"2025-06-28T15:31:40.~~95609~~4Z",	86	····················"iopub.status.idle":·"2024-05-26T11:39:25.235484Z",
87	····················"shell.execute_reply":·"2025-06-28T15:31:40.954947Z"	87	····················"shell.execute_reply":·"2024-05-26T11:39:25.219471Z"
88	················}	88	················}
89	············},	89	············},
90	············"outputs":·[],	90	············"outputs":·[],
91	············"source":·[	91	············"source":·[
92	················"import·pandas·as·pd\n",	92	················"import·pandas·as·pd\n",
93	················"import·numpy·as·np\n",	93	················"import·numpy·as·np\n",
94	················"import·matplotlib·as·mpl\n"	94	················"import·matplotlib·as·mpl\n"
95	············]	95	············]
96	········},	96	········},
97	········{	97	········{
98	············"cell_type":·"code",	98	············"cell_type":·"code",
99	············"execution_count":·3,	99	············"execution_count":·3,
100	············"metadata":·{	100	············"metadata":·{
101	················"execution":·{	101	················"execution":·{
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104	····················"iopub.status.idle":·"2025-06-28T15:31:41.~~101927~~Z",	104	····················"iopub.status.idle":·"2024-05-26T11:39:25.536260Z",
105	····················"shell.execute_reply":·"2025-06-28T15:31:41.~~100736~~Z"	105	····················"shell.execute_reply":·"2024-05-26T11:39:25.535440Z"
106	················},	106	················},
107	················"nbsphinx":·"hidden"	107	················"nbsphinx":·"hidden"
108	············},	108	············},
109	············"outputs":·[],	109	············"outputs":·[],
110	············"source":·[	110	············"source":·[
111	················"#·For·reproducibility·-·this·doesn't·respect·uuid_len·or·positionally-passed·uuid·but·the·places·here·that·use·that·coincidentally·bypass·this·anyway\n",	111	················"#·For·reproducibility·-·this·doesn't·respect·uuid_len·or·positionally-passed·uuid·but·the·places·here·that·use·that·coincidentally·bypass·this·anyway\n",
112	················"from·pandas.io.formats.style·import·Styler\n",	112	················"from·pandas.io.formats.style·import·Styler\n",
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128	············"metadata":·{	128	············"metadata":·{
129	················"execution":·{	129	················"execution":·{
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132	····················"iopub.status.idle":·"2025-06-28T15:31:41.~~1258~~30Z",	132	····················"iopub.status.idle":·"2024-05-26T11:39:25.568236Z",
133	····················"shell.execute_reply":·"2025-06-28T15:31:41.~~1250~~46Z"	133	····················"shell.execute_reply":·"2024-05-26T11:39:25.567449Z"
134	················}	134	················}
135	············},	135	············},
136	············"outputs":·[	136	············"outputs":·[
137	················{	137	················{
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139	························"text/html":·[	139	························"text/html":·[
140	····························"<style·type=\"text/css\">\n",	140	····························"<style·type=\"text/css\">\n",
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198	············"metadata":·{	198	············"metadata":·{
199	················"execution":·{	199	················"execution":·{
200	····················"iopub.execute_input":·"2025-06-28T15:31:41.~~16269~~0Z",	200	····················"iopub.execute_input":·"2024-05-26T11:39:25.608570Z",
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203	····················"shell.execute_reply":·"2025-06-28T15:31:41.~~17871~~5Z"	203	····················"shell.execute_reply":·"2024-05-26T11:39:25.639435Z"
204	················}	204	················}
205	············},	205	············},
206	············"outputs":·[	206	············"outputs":·[
207	················{	207	················{
208	····················"data":·{	208	····················"data":·{
209	························"text/html":·[	209	························"text/html":·[
210	····························"<div>\n",	210	····························"<div>\n",
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332	············"metadata":·{	332	············"metadata":·{
333	················"execution":·{	333	················"execution":·{
334	····················"iopub.execute_input":·"2025-06-28T15:31:41.~~183~~558Z",	334	····················"iopub.execute_input":·"2024-05-26T11:39:25.648514Z",
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337	····················"shell.execute_reply":·"2025-06-28T15:31:41.~~197916~~Z"	337	····················"shell.execute_reply":·"2024-05-26T11:39:25.671440Z"
338	················}	338	················}
339	············},	339	············},
340	············"outputs":·[	340	············"outputs":·[
341	················{	341	················{
342	····················"data":·{	342	····················"data":·{
343	························"text/html":·[	343	························"text/html":·[
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450	········{	450	········{
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453	············"metadata":·{	453	············"metadata":·{
454	················"execution":·{	454	················"execution":·{
455	····················"iopub.execute_input":·"2025-06-28T15:31:41.~~202~~498Z",	455	····················"iopub.execute_input":·"2024-05-26T11:39:25.680482Z",
456	····················"iopub.status.busy":·"2025-06-28T15:31:41.~~202~~215Z",	456	····················"iopub.status.busy":·"2024-05-26T11:39:25.680200Z",
457	····················"iopub.status.idle":·"2025-06-28T15:31:41.~~214988~~Z",	457	····················"iopub.status.idle":·"2024-05-26T11:39:25.700214Z",
458	····················"shell.execute_reply":·"2025-06-28T15:31:41.~~214242~~Z"	458	····················"shell.execute_reply":·"2024-05-26T11:39:25.699437Z"
459	················}	459	················}
460	············},	460	············},
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1719	</div>	1719	</div>
1720	<div·class="admonition·note">	1720	<div·class="admonition·note">
1721	<p·class="admonition-title">Note</p>	1721	<p·class="admonition-title">Note</p>
1722	<p>If·you·want·to·perform·calculations·based·on·today’s·date,·use·<code·class="docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">Timestamp.now()</span></code>·and·<code·class="docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">pandas.tseries.offsets</span></code>.</p>	1722	<p>If·you·want·to·perform·calculations·based·on·today’s·date,·use·<code·class="docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">Timestamp.now()</span></code>·and·<code·class="docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">pandas.tseries.offsets</span></code>.</p>
1723	<div·class="highlight-ipython·notranslate"><div·class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span·class="gp">In·[66]:·</span><span·class="kn">import</span>·<span·class="nn">pandas.tseries.offsets</span>·<span·class="k">as</span>·<span·class="nn">offsets</span>	1723	<div·class="highlight-ipython·notranslate"><div·class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span·class="gp">In·[66]:·</span><span·class="kn">import</span>·<span·class="nn">pandas.tseries.offsets</span>·<span·class="k">as</span>·<span·class="nn">offsets</span>

1724	<span·class="gp">In·[67]:·</span><span·class="n">pd</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">Timestamp</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">now</span><span·class="p">()</span>	1724	<span·class="gp">In·[67]:·</span><span·class="n">pd</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">Timestamp</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">now</span><span·class="p">()</span>
1725	<span·class="gh">Out[67]:·</span><span·class="go">Timestamp('2025-06-28·03:27:42.~~276513~~')</span>	1725	<span·class="gh">Out[67]:·</span><span·class="go">Timestamp('2024-05-27·01:34:49.835047')</span>

1726	<span·class="gp">In·[68]:·</span><span·class="n">pd</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">Timestamp</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">now</span><span·class="p">()</span>·<span·class="o">+</span>·<span·class="n">offsets</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">DateOffset</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">years</span><span·class="o">=</span><span·class="mi">1</span><span·class="p">)</span>	1726	<span·class="gp">In·[68]:·</span><span·class="n">pd</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">Timestamp</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">now</span><span·class="p">()</span>·<span·class="o">+</span>·<span·class="n">offsets</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">DateOffset</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">years</span><span·class="o">=</span><span·class="mi">1</span><span·class="p">)</span>
1727	<span·class="gh">Out[68]:·</span><span·class="go">Timestamp('2026-06-28·03:27:42.~~278817~~')</span>	1727	<span·class="gh">Out[68]:·</span><span·class="go">Timestamp('2025-05-27·01:34:49.845663')</span>
1728	</pre></div>	1728	</pre></div>
1729	</div>	1729	</div>
1730	</div>	1730	</div>
1731	</section>	1731	</section>
1732	</section>	1732	</section>
1733	<section·id="changes-to-index-comparisons">	1733	<section·id="changes-to-index-comparisons">
1734	<h3>Changes·to·Index·comparisons<a·class="headerlink"·href="#changes-to-index-comparisons"·title="Link·to·this·heading">¶</a></h3>	1734	<h3>Changes·to·Index·comparisons<a·class="headerlink"·href="#changes-to-index-comparisons"·title="Link·to·this·heading">¶</a></h3>

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826	freq=None)	826	freq=None)
827	Note	827	Note
828	If·you·want·to·perform·calculations·based·on·today’s·date,·use·Timestamp.now()	828	If·you·want·to·perform·calculations·based·on·today’s·date,·use·Timestamp.now()
829	and·pandas.tseries.offsets.	829	and·pandas.tseries.offsets.
830	In·[66]:·import·pandas.tseries.offsets·as·offsets	830	In·[66]:·import·pandas.tseries.offsets·as·offsets

831	In·[67]:·pd.Timestamp.now()	831	In·[67]:·pd.Timestamp.now()
832	Out[67]:·Timestamp('2025-06-28·03:27:42.~~276513~~')	832	Out[67]:·Timestamp('2024-05-27·01:34:49.835047')

833	In·[68]:·pd.Timestamp.now()·+·offsets.DateOffset(years=1)	833	In·[68]:·pd.Timestamp.now()·+·offsets.DateOffset(years=1)
834	Out[68]:·Timestamp('2026-06-28·03:27:42.~~278817~~')	834	Out[68]:·Timestamp('2025-05-27·01:34:49.845663')
835	\x8\x8\x8\x8·C\x8Ch\x8ha\x8an\x8ng\x8ge\x8es\x8s·t\x8to\x8o·I\x8In\x8nd\x8de\x8ex\x8x·c\x8co\x8om\x8mp\x8pa\x8ar\x8ri\x8is\x8so\x8on\x8ns\x8s_\x8?\x8¶·\x8\x8\x8\x8	835	\x8\x8\x8\x8·C\x8Ch\x8ha\x8an\x8ng\x8ge\x8es\x8s·t\x8to\x8o·I\x8In\x8nd\x8de\x8ex\x8x·c\x8co\x8om\x8mp\x8pa\x8ar\x8ri\x8is\x8so\x8on\x8ns\x8s_\x8?\x8¶·\x8\x8\x8\x8
836	Operator·equal·on·Index·should·behavior·similarly·to·Series·(_\x8G_\x8H_\x8·_\x89_\x89_\x84_\x87,·_\x8G_\x8H_\x8·_\x81_\x80_\x86_\x83_\x87)	836	Operator·equal·on·Index·should·behavior·similarly·to·Series·(_\x8G_\x8H_\x8·_\x89_\x89_\x84_\x87,·_\x8G_\x8H_\x8·_\x81_\x80_\x86_\x83_\x87)
837	Starting·in·v0.17.0,·comparing·Index·objects·of·different·lengths·will·raise·a	837	Starting·in·v0.17.0,·comparing·Index·objects·of·different·lengths·will·raise·a
838	ValueError.·This·is·to·be·consistent·with·the·behavior·of·Series.	838	ValueError.·This·is·to·be·consistent·with·the·behavior·of·Series.
839	Previous·behavior:	839	Previous·behavior:
840	In·[2]:·pd.Index([1,·2,·3])·==·pd.Index([1,·4,·5])	840	In·[2]:·pd.Index([1,·2,·3])·==·pd.Index([1,·4,·5])
841	Out[2]:·array([·True,·False,·False],·dtype=bool)	841	Out[2]:·array([·True,·False,·False],·dtype=bool)

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Offset 312, 18 lines modified		Offset 312, 18 lines modified
312	each·time.	312	each·time.
313	In·[18]:·idx.values	313	In·[18]:·idx.values
314	Out[18]:	314	Out[18]:
315	array([Period('2000-01-01',·'D'),·Period('2000-01-02',·'D'),	315	array([Period('2000-01-01',·'D'),·Period('2000-01-02',·'D'),
316	·······Period('2000-01-03',·'D'),·Period('2000-01-04',·'D')],·dtype=object)	316	·······Period('2000-01-03',·'D'),·Period('2000-01-04',·'D')],·dtype=object)

317	In·[19]:·id(idx.values)	317	In·[19]:·id(idx.values)
318	Out[19]:·281472~~07393~~4544	318	Out[19]:·281472221874384

319	In·[20]:·id(idx.values)	319	In·[20]:·id(idx.values)
320	Out[20]:·281472~~0646169~~44	320	Out[20]:·281472225870640
321	If·you·need·an·actual·NumPy·array,·use·_\x8S_\x8e_\x8r_\x8i_\x8e_\x8s_\x8._\x8t_\x8o_\x8__\x8n_\x8u_\x8m_\x8p_\x8y_\x8(_\x8)·or·_\x8I_\x8n_\x8d_\x8e_\x8x_\x8._\x8t_\x8o_\x8__\x8n_\x8u_\x8m_\x8p_\x8y_\x8(_\x8).	321	If·you·need·an·actual·NumPy·array,·use·_\x8S_\x8e_\x8r_\x8i_\x8e_\x8s_\x8._\x8t_\x8o_\x8__\x8n_\x8u_\x8m_\x8p_\x8y_\x8(_\x8)·or·_\x8I_\x8n_\x8d_\x8e_\x8x_\x8._\x8t_\x8o_\x8__\x8n_\x8u_\x8m_\x8p_\x8y_\x8(_\x8).
322	In·[21]:·idx.to_numpy()	322	In·[21]:·idx.to_numpy()
323	Out[21]:	323	Out[21]:
324	array([Period('2000-01-01',·'D'),·Period('2000-01-02',·'D'),	324	array([Period('2000-01-01',·'D'),·Period('2000-01-02',·'D'),
325	·······Period('2000-01-03',·'D'),·Period('2000-01-04',·'D')],·dtype=object)	325	·······Period('2000-01-03',·'D'),·Period('2000-01-04',·'D')],·dtype=object)

326	In·[22]:·pd.Series(idx).to_numpy()	326	In·[22]:·pd.Series(idx).to_numpy()


Offset 1256, 23 lines modified		Offset 1256, 23 lines modified
1256	In·[141]:·indexer·=·np.arange(10000)	1256	In·[141]:·indexer·=·np.arange(10000)

1257	In·[142]:·random.shuffle(indexer)	1257	In·[142]:·random.shuffle(indexer)

1258	In·[143]:·%timeit·arr[indexer]	1258	In·[143]:·%timeit·arr[indexer]
1259	···.....:·%timeit·arr.take(indexer,·axis=0)	1259	···.....:·%timeit·arr.take(indexer,·axis=0)
1260	···.....:	1260	···.....:
		1261	698·us·+-·84.8·us·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·1,000·loops·each)
1261	209·us·+-·324·ns·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·1,000·loops·each)	1262	210·us·+-·43·us·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·1,000·loops·each)
1262	77.8·us·+-·231·ns·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·10,000·loops·each)
1263	In·[144]:·ser·=·pd.Series(arr[:,·0])	1263	In·[144]:·ser·=·pd.Series(arr[:,·0])

1264	In·[145]:·%timeit·ser.iloc[indexer]	1264	In·[145]:·%timeit·ser.iloc[indexer]
1265	···.....:·%timeit·ser.take(indexer)	1265	···.....:·%timeit·ser.take(indexer)
1266	···.....:	1266	···.....:
1267	~~147~~·us·+-·~~483~~·ns·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·10,000·loops·each)	1267	501·us·+-·70.5·us·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·1,000·loops·each)
1268	~~129~~·us·+-·~~433~~·ns·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·10,000·loops·each)	1268	388·us·+-·86.5·us·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·1,000·loops·each)
1269	\x8\x8\x8\x8\x8·I\x8In\x8nd\x8de\x8ex\x8x·t\x8ty\x8yp\x8pe\x8es\x8s_\x8?\x8¶·\x8\x8\x8\x8\x8	1269	\x8\x8\x8\x8\x8·I\x8In\x8nd\x8de\x8ex\x8x·t\x8ty\x8yp\x8pe\x8es\x8s_\x8?\x8¶·\x8\x8\x8\x8\x8
1270	We·have·discussed·MultiIndex·in·the·previous·sections·pretty·extensively.	1270	We·have·discussed·MultiIndex·in·the·previous·sections·pretty·extensively.
1271	Documentation·about·DatetimeIndex·and·PeriodIndex·are·shown·_\x8h_\x8e_\x8r_\x8e,·and	1271	Documentation·about·DatetimeIndex·and·PeriodIndex·are·shown·_\x8h_\x8e_\x8r_\x8e,·and
1272	documentation·about·TimedeltaIndex·is·found·_\x8h_\x8e_\x8r_\x8e.	1272	documentation·about·TimedeltaIndex·is·found·_\x8h_\x8e_\x8r_\x8e.
1273	In·the·following·sub-sections·we·will·highlight·some·other·index·types.	1273	In·the·following·sub-sections·we·will·highlight·some·other·index·types.
1274	\x8\x8\x8\x8·C\x8Ca\x8at\x8te\x8eg\x8go\x8or\x8ri\x8ic\x8ca\x8al\x8lI\x8In\x8nd\x8de\x8ex\x8x_\x8?\x8¶·\x8\x8\x8\x8	1274	\x8\x8\x8\x8·C\x8Ca\x8at\x8te\x8eg\x8go\x8or\x8ri\x8ic\x8ca\x8al\x8lI\x8In\x8nd\x8de\x8ex\x8x_\x8?\x8¶·\x8\x8\x8\x8
1275	_\x8C_\x8a_\x8t_\x8e_\x8g_\x8o_\x8r_\x8i_\x8c_\x8a_\x8l_\x8I_\x8n_\x8d_\x8e_\x8x·is·a·type·of·index·that·is·useful·for·supporting·indexing·with	1275	_\x8C_\x8a_\x8t_\x8e_\x8g_\x8o_\x8r_\x8i_\x8c_\x8a_\x8l_\x8I_\x8n_\x8d_\x8e_\x8x·is·a·type·of·index·that·is·useful·for·supporting·indexing·with


Offset 889, 16 lines modified		Offset 889, 16 lines modified
889	<span·class="gp">···....:·</span><span·class="n">files</span>·<span·class="o">=</span>·<span·class="n">pathlib</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">Path</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="s2">"data/timeseries/"</span><span·class="p">)</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">glob</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="s2">"ts*.parquet"</span><span·class="p">)</span>	889	<span·class="gp">···....:·</span><span·class="n">files</span>·<span·class="o">=</span>·<span·class="n">pathlib</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">Path</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="s2">"data/timeseries/"</span><span·class="p">)</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">glob</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="s2">"ts*.parquet"</span><span·class="p">)</span>
890	<span·class="gp">···....:·</span><span·class="n">counts</span>·<span·class="o">=</span>·<span·class="n">pd</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">Series</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">dtype</span><span·class="o">=</span><span·class="nb">int</span><span·class="p">)</span>	890	<span·class="gp">···....:·</span><span·class="n">counts</span>·<span·class="o">=</span>·<span·class="n">pd</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">Series</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">dtype</span><span·class="o">=</span><span·class="nb">int</span><span·class="p">)</span>
891	<span·class="gp">···....:·</span><span·class="k">for</span>·<span·class="n">path</span>·<span·class="ow">in</span>·<span·class="n">files</span><span·class="p">:</span>	891	<span·class="gp">···....:·</span><span·class="k">for</span>·<span·class="n">path</span>·<span·class="ow">in</span>·<span·class="n">files</span><span·class="p">:</span>
892	<span·class="gp">···....:·</span>····<span·class="n">df</span>·<span·class="o">=</span>·<span·class="n">pd</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">read_parquet</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">path</span><span·class="p">)</span>	892	<span·class="gp">···....:·</span>····<span·class="n">df</span>·<span·class="o">=</span>·<span·class="n">pd</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">read_parquet</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">path</span><span·class="p">)</span>
893	<span·class="gp">···....:·</span>····<span·class="n">counts</span>·<span·class="o">=</span>·<span·class="n">counts</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">add</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">df</span><span·class="p">[</span><span·class="s2">"name"</span><span·class="p">]</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">value_counts</span><span·class="p">(),</span>·<span·class="n">fill_value</span><span·class="o">=</span><span·class="mi">0</span><span·class="p">)</span>	893	<span·class="gp">···....:·</span>····<span·class="n">counts</span>·<span·class="o">=</span>·<span·class="n">counts</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">add</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">df</span><span·class="p">[</span><span·class="s2">"name"</span><span·class="p">]</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">value_counts</span><span·class="p">(),</span>·<span·class="n">fill_value</span><span·class="o">=</span><span·class="mi">0</span><span·class="p">)</span>
894	<span·class="gp">···....:·</span><span·class="n">counts</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">astype</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="nb">int</span><span·class="p">)</span>	894	<span·class="gp">···....:·</span><span·class="n">counts</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">astype</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="nb">int</span><span·class="p">)</span>
895	<span·class="gp">···....:·</span>	895	<span·class="gp">···....:·</span>
896	<span·class="go">CPU·times:·user·691·us,·sys:·0·ns,·total:·691·us</span>	896	<span·class="go">CPU·times:·user·604·us,·sys:·35·us,·total:·639·us</span>
897	<span·class="go">Wall·time:·~~702~~·us</span>	897	<span·class="go">Wall·time:·646·us</span>
898	<span·class="gh">Out[32]:·</span><span·class="go">Series([],·dtype:·int64)</span>	898	<span·class="gh">Out[32]:·</span><span·class="go">Series([],·dtype:·int64)</span>
899	</pre></div>	899	</pre></div>
900	</div>	900	</div>
901	<p>Some·readers,·like·<a·class="reference·internal"·href="../reference/api/pandas.read_csv.html#pandas.read_csv"·title="pandas.read_csv"><code·class="xref·py·py-meth·docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">pandas.read_csv()</span></code></a>,·offer·parameters·to·control·the	901	<p>Some·readers,·like·<a·class="reference·internal"·href="../reference/api/pandas.read_csv.html#pandas.read_csv"·title="pandas.read_csv"><code·class="xref·py·py-meth·docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">pandas.read_csv()</span></code></a>,·offer·parameters·to·control·the
902	<code·class="docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">chunksize</span></code>·when·reading·a·single·file.</p>	902	<code·class="docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">chunksize</span></code>·when·reading·a·single·file.</p>
903	<p>Manually·chunking·is·an·OK·option·for·workflows·that·don’t	903	<p>Manually·chunking·is·an·OK·option·for·workflows·that·don’t
904	require·too·sophisticated·of·operations.·Some·operations,·like·<a·class="reference·internal"·href="../reference/api/pandas.DataFrame.groupby.html#pandas.DataFrame.groupby"·title="pandas.DataFrame.groupby"><code·class="xref·py·py-meth·docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">pandas.DataFrame.groupby()</span></code></a>,·are	904	require·too·sophisticated·of·operations.·Some·operations,·like·<a·class="reference·internal"·href="../reference/api/pandas.DataFrame.groupby.html#pandas.DataFrame.groupby"·title="pandas.DataFrame.groupby"><code·class="xref·py·py-meth·docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">pandas.DataFrame.groupby()</span></code></a>,·are


Offset 1806, 20 lines modified		Offset 1806, 20 lines modified
1806	<span·class="gp">In·[99]:·</span><span·class="n">df1</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="n">df2</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="n">df3</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="n">df4</span>·<span·class="o">=</span>·<span·class="p">[</span><span·class="n">pd</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">DataFrame</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">np</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">random</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">randn</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">nrows</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="n">ncols</span><span·class="p">))</span>	1806	<span·class="gp">In·[99]:·</span><span·class="n">df1</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="n">df2</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="n">df3</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="n">df4</span>·<span·class="o">=</span>·<span·class="p">[</span><span·class="n">pd</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">DataFrame</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">np</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">random</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">randn</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">nrows</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="n">ncols</span><span·class="p">))</span>
1807	<span·class="gp">···....:·</span>······················<span·class="k">for</span>·<span·class="n">_</span>·<span·class="ow">in</span>·<span·class="nb">range</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="mi">4</span><span·class="p">)]</span>	1807	<span·class="gp">···....:·</span>······················<span·class="k">for</span>·<span·class="n">_</span>·<span·class="ow">in</span>·<span·class="nb">range</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="mi">4</span><span·class="p">)]</span>
1808	<span·class="gp">···....:·</span>	1808	<span·class="gp">···....:·</span>
1809	</pre></div>	1809	</pre></div>
1810	</div>	1810	</div>
1811	<div·class="highlight-ipython·notranslate"><div·class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span·class="go">#·eval·with·NumExpr·backend</span>	1811	<div·class="highlight-ipython·notranslate"><div·class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span·class="go">#·eval·with·NumExpr·backend</span>
1812	<span·class="gp">In·[100]:·</span><span·class="o">%</span><span·class="k">timeit</span>·pd.eval('df1·+·df2·+·df3·+·df4')	1812	<span·class="gp">In·[100]:·</span><span·class="o">%</span><span·class="k">timeit</span>·pd.eval('df1·+·df2·+·df3·+·df4')
1813	<span·class="go">12.3·ms·+-·~~577~~·us·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·100·loops·each)</span>	1813	<span·class="go">20.2·ms·+-·3.92·ms·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·10·loops·each)</span>
1814	</pre></div>	1814	</pre></div>
1815	</div>	1815	</div>
1816	<div·class="highlight-ipython·notranslate"><div·class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span·class="go">#·pure·Python·evaluation</span>	1816	<div·class="highlight-ipython·notranslate"><div·class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span·class="go">#·pure·Python·evaluation</span>
1817	<span·class="gp">In·[101]:·</span><span·class="o">%</span><span·class="k">timeit</span>·df1·+·df2·+·df3·+·df4	1817	<span·class="gp">In·[101]:·</span><span·class="o">%</span><span·class="k">timeit</span>·df1·+·df2·+·df3·+·df4
1818	<span·class="go">28.2·ms·+-·2.7·ms·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·10·loops·each)</span>	1818	<span·class="go">17.3·ms·+-·5.79·ms·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·10·loops·each)</span>
1819	</pre></div>	1819	</pre></div>
1820	</div>	1820	</div>
1821	<p>For·more·details,·see·the·<a·class="reference·internal"·href="../user_guide/enhancingperf.html#enhancingperf-eval"><span·class="std·std-ref">the·docs</span></a></p>	1821	<p>For·more·details,·see·the·<a·class="reference·internal"·href="../user_guide/enhancingperf.html#enhancingperf-eval"><span·class="std·std-ref">the·docs</span></a></p>
1822	</li>	1822	</li>
1823	<li><p>Similar·to·<code·class="docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">pandas.eval</span></code>,·<a·class="reference·internal"·href="../reference/api/pandas.DataFrame.html#pandas.DataFrame"·title="pandas.DataFrame"><code·class="xref·py·py-class·docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">DataFrame</span></code></a>·has·a·new	1823	<li><p>Similar·to·<code·class="docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">pandas.eval</span></code>,·<a·class="reference·internal"·href="../reference/api/pandas.DataFrame.html#pandas.DataFrame"·title="pandas.DataFrame"><code·class="xref·py·py-class·docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">DataFrame</span></code></a>·has·a·new
1824	<code·class="docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">DataFrame.eval</span></code>·method·that·evaluates·an·expression·in·the·context·of	1824	<code·class="docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">DataFrame.eval</span></code>·method·that·evaluates·an·expression·in·the·context·of
1825	the·<code·class="docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">DataFrame</span></code>.·For·example,</p>	1825	the·<code·class="docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">DataFrame</span></code>.·For·example,</p>


Offset 1039, 18 lines modified		Offset 1039, 18 lines modified

1039	······In·[99]:·df1,·df2,·df3,·df4·=·[pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(nrows,	1039	······In·[99]:·df1,·df2,·df3,·df4·=·[pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(nrows,
1040	······ncols))	1040	······ncols))
1041	·········....:·······················for·_·in·range(4)]	1041	·········....:·······················for·_·in·range(4)]
1042	·········....:	1042	·········....:
1043	······#·eval·with·NumExpr·backend	1043	······#·eval·with·NumExpr·backend
1044	······In·[100]:·%timeit·pd.eval('df1·+·df2·+·df3·+·df4')	1044	······In·[100]:·%timeit·pd.eval('df1·+·df2·+·df3·+·df4')
1045	······12.3·ms·+-·~~577~~·us·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·100·loops·each)	1045	······20.2·ms·+-·3.92·ms·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·10·loops·each)
1046	······#·pure·Python·evaluation	1046	······#·pure·Python·evaluation
1047	······In·[101]:·%timeit·df1·+·df2·+·df3·+·df4	1047	······In·[101]:·%timeit·df1·+·df2·+·df3·+·df4
1048	······28.2·ms·+-·2.7·ms·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·10·loops·each)	1048	······17.3·ms·+-·5.79·ms·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·10·loops·each)
1049	······For·more·details,·see·the·_\x8t_\x8h_\x8e_\x8·_\x8d_\x8o_\x8c_\x8s	1049	······For·more·details,·see·the·_\x8t_\x8h_\x8e_\x8·_\x8d_\x8o_\x8c_\x8s
1050	····*·Similar·to·pandas.eval,·_\x8D_\x8a_\x8t_\x8a_\x8F_\x8r_\x8a_\x8m_\x8e·has·a·new·DataFrame.eval·method·that	1050	····*·Similar·to·pandas.eval,·_\x8D_\x8a_\x8t_\x8a_\x8F_\x8r_\x8a_\x8m_\x8e·has·a·new·DataFrame.eval·method·that
1051	······evaluates·an·expression·in·the·context·of·the·DataFrame.·For·example,	1051	······evaluates·an·expression·in·the·context·of·the·DataFrame.·For·example,
1052	······In·[102]:·df·=·pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(10,·2),·columns=['a',·'b'])	1052	······In·[102]:·df·=·pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(10,·2),·columns=['a',·'b'])

1053	······In·[103]:·df.eval('a·+·b')	1053	······In·[103]:·df.eval('a·+·b')
1054	······Out[103]:	1054	······Out[103]:


Offset 1269, 18 lines modified		Offset 1269, 18 lines modified
1269	a·new·ndarray·of·period·objects·each·time.</p>	1269	a·new·ndarray·of·period·objects·each·time.</p>
1270	<div·class="highlight-ipython·notranslate"><div·class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span·class="gp">In·[18]:·</span><span·class="n">idx</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">values</span>	1270	<div·class="highlight-ipython·notranslate"><div·class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span·class="gp">In·[18]:·</span><span·class="n">idx</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">values</span>
1271	<span·class="gh">Out[18]:·</span>	1271	<span·class="gh">Out[18]:·</span>
1272	<span·class="go">array([Period('2000-01-01',·'D'),·Period('2000-01-02',·'D'),</span>	1272	<span·class="go">array([Period('2000-01-01',·'D'),·Period('2000-01-02',·'D'),</span>
1273	<span·class="go">·······Period('2000-01-03',·'D'),·Period('2000-01-04',·'D')],·dtype=object)</span>	1273	<span·class="go">·······Period('2000-01-03',·'D'),·Period('2000-01-04',·'D')],·dtype=object)</span>

1274	<span·class="gp">In·[19]:·</span><span·class="nb">id</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">idx</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">values</span><span·class="p">)</span>	1274	<span·class="gp">In·[19]:·</span><span·class="nb">id</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">idx</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">values</span><span·class="p">)</span>
1275	<span·class="gh">Out[19]:·</span><span·class="go">281472~~07393~~4544</span>	1275	<span·class="gh">Out[19]:·</span><span·class="go">281472221874384</span>

1276	<span·class="gp">In·[20]:·</span><span·class="nb">id</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">idx</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">values</span><span·class="p">)</span>	1276	<span·class="gp">In·[20]:·</span><span·class="nb">id</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">idx</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">values</span><span·class="p">)</span>
1277	<span·class="gh">Out[20]:·</span><span·class="go">281472~~0646169~~44</span>	1277	<span·class="gh">Out[20]:·</span><span·class="go">281472225870640</span>
1278	</pre></div>	1278	</pre></div>
1279	</div>	1279	</div>
1280	<p>If·you·need·an·actual·NumPy·array,·use·<a·class="reference·internal"·href="../reference/api/pandas.Series.to_numpy.html#pandas.Series.to_numpy"·title="pandas.Series.to_numpy"><code·class="xref·py·py-meth·docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">Series.to_numpy()</span></code></a>·or·<a·class="reference·internal"·href="../reference/api/pandas.Index.to_numpy.html#pandas.Index.to_numpy"·title="pandas.Index.to_numpy"><code·class="xref·py·py-meth·docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">Index.to_numpy()</span></code></a>.</p>	1280	<p>If·you·need·an·actual·NumPy·array,·use·<a·class="reference·internal"·href="../reference/api/pandas.Series.to_numpy.html#pandas.Series.to_numpy"·title="pandas.Series.to_numpy"><code·class="xref·py·py-meth·docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">Series.to_numpy()</span></code></a>·or·<a·class="reference·internal"·href="../reference/api/pandas.Index.to_numpy.html#pandas.Index.to_numpy"·title="pandas.Index.to_numpy"><code·class="xref·py·py-meth·docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">Index.to_numpy()</span></code></a>.</p>
1281	<div·class="highlight-ipython·notranslate"><div·class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span·class="gp">In·[21]:·</span><span·class="n">idx</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">to_numpy</span><span·class="p">()</span>	1281	<div·class="highlight-ipython·notranslate"><div·class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span·class="gp">In·[21]:·</span><span·class="n">idx</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">to_numpy</span><span·class="p">()</span>
1282	<span·class="gh">Out[21]:·</span>	1282	<span·class="gh">Out[21]:·</span>
1283	<span·class="go">array([Period('2000-01-01',·'D'),·Period('2000-01-02',·'D'),</span>	1283	<span·class="go">array([Period('2000-01-01',·'D'),·Period('2000-01-02',·'D'),</span>
1284	<span·class="go">·······Period('2000-01-03',·'D'),·Period('2000-01-04',·'D')],·dtype=object)</span>	1284	<span·class="go">·······Period('2000-01-03',·'D'),·Period('2000-01-04',·'D')],·dtype=object)</span>


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6572	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)···158228·2024-04-21·12:50:13.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/scale.html	6572	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)···158229·2024-04-21·12:50:13.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/scale.html
6573	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)····55502·2024-04-21·12:50:13.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/sparse.html	6573	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)····55502·2024-04-21·12:50:13.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/sparse.html


Offset 529, 31 lines modified		Offset 529, 31 lines modified
529	<span·class="gp">···...:·</span>········<span·class="n">s</span>·<span·class="o">+=</span>·<span·class="n">f</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">a</span>·<span·class="o">+</span>·<span·class="n">i</span>·<span·class="o">*</span>·<span·class="n">dx</span><span·class="p">)</span>	529	<span·class="gp">···...:·</span>········<span·class="n">s</span>·<span·class="o">+=</span>·<span·class="n">f</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">a</span>·<span·class="o">+</span>·<span·class="n">i</span>·<span·class="o">*</span>·<span·class="n">dx</span><span·class="p">)</span>
530	<span·class="gp">···...:·</span>····<span·class="k">return</span>·<span·class="n">s</span>·<span·class="o">*</span>·<span·class="n">dx</span>	530	<span·class="gp">···...:·</span>····<span·class="k">return</span>·<span·class="n">s</span>·<span·class="o">*</span>·<span·class="n">dx</span>
531	<span·class="gp">···...:·</span>	531	<span·class="gp">···...:·</span>
532	</pre></div>	532	</pre></div>
533	</div>	533	</div>
534	<p>We·achieve·our·result·by·using·<a·class="reference·internal"·href="../reference/api/pandas.DataFrame.apply.html#pandas.DataFrame.apply"·title="pandas.DataFrame.apply"><code·class="xref·py·py-meth·docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">DataFrame.apply()</span></code></a>·(row-wise):</p>	534	<p>We·achieve·our·result·by·using·<a·class="reference·internal"·href="../reference/api/pandas.DataFrame.apply.html#pandas.DataFrame.apply"·title="pandas.DataFrame.apply"><code·class="xref·py·py-meth·docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">DataFrame.apply()</span></code></a>·(row-wise):</p>
535	<div·class="highlight-ipython·notranslate"><div·class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span·class="gp">In·[5]:·</span><span·class="o">%</span><span·class="k">timeit</span>·df.apply(lambda·x:·integrate_f(x["a"],·x["b"],·x["N"]),·axis=1)	535	<div·class="highlight-ipython·notranslate"><div·class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span·class="gp">In·[5]:·</span><span·class="o">%</span><span·class="k">timeit</span>·df.apply(lambda·x:·integrate_f(x["a"],·x["b"],·x["N"]),·axis=1)
536	<span·class="go">9~~7.1~~·ms·+-·~~271~~·us·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·10·loops·each)</span>	536	<span·class="go">150·ms·+-·38.7·ms·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·10·loops·each)</span>
537	</pre></div>	537	</pre></div>
538	</div>	538	</div>
539	<p>Let’s·take·a·look·and·see·where·the·time·is·spent·during·this·operation	539	<p>Let’s·take·a·look·and·see·where·the·time·is·spent·during·this·operation
540	using·the·<a·class="reference·external"·href="https://ipython.readthedocs.io/en/stable/interactive/magics.html#magic-prun">prun·ipython·magic·function</a>:</p>	540	using·the·<a·class="reference·external"·href="https://ipython.readthedocs.io/en/stable/interactive/magics.html#magic-prun">prun·ipython·magic·function</a>:</p>
541	<div·class="highlight-ipython·notranslate"><div·class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span·class="go">#·most·time·consuming·4·calls</span>	541	<div·class="highlight-ipython·notranslate"><div·class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span·class="go">#·most·time·consuming·4·calls</span>
542	<span·class="gp">In·[6]:·</span><span·class="o">%</span><span·class="k">prun</span>·-l·4·df.apply(lambda·x:·integrate_f(x["a"],·x["b"],·x["N"]),·axis=1)··#·noqa·E999	542	<span·class="gp">In·[6]:·</span><span·class="o">%</span><span·class="k">prun</span>·-l·4·df.apply(lambda·x:·integrate_f(x["a"],·x["b"],·x["N"]),·axis=1)··#·noqa·E999
543	<span·class="go">·········605963·function·calls·(605945·primitive·calls)·in·0.304·seconds</span>	543	<span·class="go">·········605963·function·calls·(605945·primitive·calls)·in·0.318·seconds</span>

544	<span·class="go">···Ordered·by:·internal·time</span>	544	<span·class="go">···Ordered·by:·internal·time</span>
545	<span·class="go">···List·reduced·from·167·to·4·due·to·restriction·<4></span>	545	<span·class="go">···List·reduced·from·167·to·4·due·to·restriction·<4></span>

546	<span·class="go">···ncalls··tottime··percall··cumtime··percall·filename:lineno(function)</span>	546	<span·class="go">···ncalls··tottime··percall··cumtime··percall·filename:lineno(function)</span>
547	<span·class="go">·····1000····0.196····0.000····0.276····0.000·<ipython-input-4-c2a74e076cf0>:1(integrate_f)</span>	547	<span·class="go">·····1000····0.206····0.000····0.288····0.000·<ipython-input-4-c2a74e076cf0>:1(integrate_f)</span>
548	<span·class="go">···552423····0.080····0.000····0.080····0.000·<ipython-input-3-c138bdd570e3>:1(f)</span>	548	<span·class="go">···552423····0.082····0.000····0.082····0.000·<ipython-input-3-c138bdd570e3>:1(f)</span>
549	<span·class="go">·····3000····0.005····0.000····0.019····0.000·series.py:1016(__getitem__)</span>	549	<span·class="go">·····3000····0.005····0.000····0.020····0.000·series.py:1016(__getitem__)</span>
550	<span·class="go">·····3000····0.003····0.000····0.008····0.000·series.py:1139(_get_value)</span>	550	<span·class="go">·····3000····0.003····0.000····0.009····0.000·series.py:1139(_get_value)</span>
551	</pre></div>	551	</pre></div>
552	</div>	552	</div>
553	<p>By·far·the·majority·of·time·is·spend·inside·either·<code·class="docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">integrate_f</span></code>·or·<code·class="docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">f</span></code>,	553	<p>By·far·the·majority·of·time·is·spend·inside·either·<code·class="docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">integrate_f</span></code>·or·<code·class="docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">f</span></code>,
554	hence·we’ll·concentrate·our·efforts·cythonizing·these·two·functions.</p>	554	hence·we’ll·concentrate·our·efforts·cythonizing·these·two·functions.</p>
555	</section>	555	</section>
556	<section·id="plain-cython">	556	<section·id="plain-cython">
557	<span·id="enhancingperf-plain"></span><h3>Plain·Cython<a·class="headerlink"·href="#plain-cython"·title="Link·to·this·heading">¶</a></h3>	557	<span·id="enhancingperf-plain"></span><h3>Plain·Cython<a·class="headerlink"·href="#plain-cython"·title="Link·to·this·heading">¶</a></h3>
Offset 571, 15 lines modified		Offset 571, 15 lines modified
571	<span·class="gp">···...:·</span>····for·i·in·range(N):	571	<span·class="gp">···...:·</span>····for·i·in·range(N):
572	<span·class="gp">···...:·</span>········s·+=·f_plain(a·+·i·*·dx)	572	<span·class="gp">···...:·</span>········s·+=·f_plain(a·+·i·*·dx)
573	<span·class="gp">···...:·</span>····return·s·*·dx	573	<span·class="gp">···...:·</span>····return·s·*·dx
574	<span·class="gp">···...:·</span>	574	<span·class="gp">···...:·</span>
575	</pre></div>	575	</pre></div>
576	</div>	576	</div>