{"diffoscope-json-version": 1, "source1": "/srv/reproducible-results/rbuild-debian/r-b-build.IgUkFOiD/b1/grub2_2.12-2_amd64.changes", "source2": "/srv/reproducible-results/rbuild-debian/r-b-build.IgUkFOiD/b2/grub2_2.12-2_amd64.changes", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "Files", "source2": "Files", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,36 +1,36 @@\n \n 69fac570ac56bdaed9fce65be2568589 11633576 debug optional grub-common-dbgsym_2.12-2_amd64.deb\n 1152feab172e2a95973d819c736f4c87 2884200 admin optional grub-common_2.12-2_amd64.deb\n- cef9d42816add20111df8e12b32bf088 643124 admin optional grub-coreboot-bin_2.12-2_amd64.deb\n+ 4e6df81f179a0ec3c411f680092e6699 643068 admin optional grub-coreboot-bin_2.12-2_amd64.deb\n e58534c4974203b2ad990fe09764c87a 2948848 debug optional grub-coreboot-dbg_2.12-2_amd64.deb\n e4258c0c187d911950cf7d333a398c0f 45868 admin optional grub-coreboot_2.12-2_amd64.deb\n- 33c26b9fc12b17418574f65638687c94 1997992 admin optional grub-efi-amd64-bin_2.12-2_amd64.deb\n+ 064a574d492a43f0db27fdffbd820afb 1998360 admin optional grub-efi-amd64-bin_2.12-2_amd64.deb\n 934f6e92d6cbdc06811d99c5cc3e55ac 3672280 debug optional grub-efi-amd64-dbg_2.12-2_amd64.deb\n a45bb39337006ebede5b11e13b3d9d41 315768 admin optional grub-efi-amd64-signed-template_2.12-2_amd64.deb\n 6ce1e996ba65f1ef6d33b3130f3fffc7 45864 admin optional grub-efi-amd64_2.12-2_amd64.deb\n- f1f4668394d1f473b308f98852932308 1545128 admin optional grub-efi-ia32-bin_2.12-2_amd64.deb\n+ c9f2e4f38db5e8c0c24dcfd00acf2eb9 1544580 admin optional grub-efi-ia32-bin_2.12-2_amd64.deb\n 9336fe2573f4e4726d444daf77753e15 3319604 debug optional grub-efi-ia32-dbg_2.12-2_amd64.deb\n 61004a26b7feae4398671fe41a30502f 45880 admin optional grub-efi-ia32_2.12-2_amd64.deb\n 356256cf660057d75f833ddad711807d 2376 admin optional grub-efi_2.12-2_amd64.deb\n 08871a8055d7685a4bf6b4589f93b106 2796924 debug optional grub-emu-dbg_2.12-2_amd64.deb\n 2bbd4ddabe7fa79f20cbabd561994624 34616 debug optional grub-emu-dbgsym_2.12-2_amd64.deb\n- d7d8cb11a4a45588f15c12057e3c8dcf 3046288 admin optional grub-emu_2.12-2_amd64.deb\n- aad6e7695f228c8314e9792e6b441714 920560 admin optional grub-firmware-qemu_2.12-2_amd64.deb\n- 5e7598370d9df241db985d97ad03483d 630240 admin optional grub-ieee1275-bin_2.12-2_amd64.deb\n+ cd2919025053afdbd99a8c8270c96005 3046416 admin optional grub-emu_2.12-2_amd64.deb\n+ 58119de88ddd6eea5b0468b151dc6a52 920564 admin optional grub-firmware-qemu_2.12-2_amd64.deb\n+ 94734809827023ed63e9c3c79c9d5c99 630436 admin optional grub-ieee1275-bin_2.12-2_amd64.deb\n cc69a42980818fb8decb9e696b9d22c2 2912136 debug optional grub-ieee1275-dbg_2.12-2_amd64.deb\n 7671fd599e354733352222e5e8675b67 45880 admin optional grub-ieee1275_2.12-2_amd64.deb\n 717ae02cea4be38db21cd847fbd5bfe7 2360 oldlibs optional grub-linuxbios_2.12-2_amd64.deb\n 504e425c95692981389b667dc9e8e69a 431992 debian-installer optional grub-mount-udeb_2.12-2_amd64.udeb\n 52687143a2561b182b5da7d5e7384392 1218348 debug optional grub-pc-bin-dbgsym_2.12-2_amd64.deb\n- 5d4bf420aa4b8fa52c839996df44ea6e 1009244 admin optional grub-pc-bin_2.12-2_amd64.deb\n+ a8af7b1c4263952e3dd92a4c9df14bfd 1009292 admin optional grub-pc-bin_2.12-2_amd64.deb\n c23602827252797161d652196fea603e 3173684 debug optional grub-pc-dbg_2.12-2_amd64.deb\n c8f899a1bd34e21936d6fa7cb473bcfb 136692 admin optional grub-pc_2.12-2_amd64.deb\n- 1c2c5d83b1979d5906d5414b42317aef 2632404 admin optional grub-rescue-pc_2.12-2_amd64.deb\n+ 2b5da6e365ee1476df207ee19c3d650a 2632508 admin optional grub-rescue-pc_2.12-2_amd64.deb\n 16fb06deb14f3591e44bf03e1e90eea7 2157536 admin optional grub-theme-starfield_2.12-2_amd64.deb\n- aa8e503bbeff09eefb0ca08558733a3e 1031272 admin optional grub-xen-bin_2.12-2_amd64.deb\n+ 1424c26af37487852ce27f244b1faa00 1031424 admin optional grub-xen-bin_2.12-2_amd64.deb\n a6579e0497357d67fdbb84023a33e9b6 7504312 debug optional grub-xen-dbg_2.12-2_amd64.deb\n- dd1702ddba98466691718d537a7190da 1325760 admin optional grub-xen-host_2.12-2_amd64.deb\n+ f3e8777a9b21b77494b5fef5ac3f1f24 1325860 admin optional grub-xen-host_2.12-2_amd64.deb\n 153b20543833585914ea8f8c2abeaf5f 45808 admin optional grub-xen_2.12-2_amd64.deb\n af30db98ebb92a921144f653a546e769 1575576 debug optional grub2-common-dbgsym_2.12-2_amd64.deb\n- 7bafb95384a85875b1cf469bb3888f35 634724 admin optional grub2-common_2.12-2_amd64.deb\n+ c931763a8b846ff6fbbe4bd3f94dae30 634708 admin optional grub2-common_2.12-2_amd64.deb\n 8e2d8f1b1094723f472d8704f8d24d1d 2360 oldlibs optional grub2_2.12-2_amd64.deb\n"}, {"source1": "grub-coreboot-bin_2.12-2_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-coreboot-bin_2.12-2_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 debian-binary\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 7424 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 635508 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 7420 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 control.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 635456 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -146,15 +146,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3732 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3864 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3636 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3800 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3732 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5852 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4910 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2637 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2635 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2348 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/morse.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 27436 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2396 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1984 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 13868 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/multiboot.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 15096 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/multiboot2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4152 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/nativedisk.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=coreboot\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-efi-amd64-bin_2.12-2_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-efi-amd64-bin_2.12-2_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 debian-binary\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 8244 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1989556 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 8240 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 control.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1989928 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -158,15 +158,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5736 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5840 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5800 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5872 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5712 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 9128 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5318 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2561 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2559 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/modinfo.sh\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2318336 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/gcdx64.efi\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2334720 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubnetx64-installer.efi\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2334720 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubnetx64.efi\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2670592 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubx64.efi\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3152 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/morse.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 44008 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/mpi.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=x86_64\n grub_modinfo_platform=efi\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/gcdx64.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/gcdx64.efi", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "objdump", "source2": "objdump", "unified_diff": "@@ -764778,16 +764778,16 @@\n 2323f0:\tlods %ds:(%rsi),%al\n 2323f1:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 2323f3:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 2323f5:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 2323f7:\tadd %dh,0xcd3(%rsi)\n 2323fd:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 2323ff:\tadd %al,(%rax,%rax,4)\n- 232402:\tpush %rdi\n- 232403:\tadd $0x0,%al\n+ 232402:\tscas %es:(%rdi),%al\n+ 232403:\tor %al,(%rax)\n 232405:\tadd %ah,%al\n 232407:\trorl %cl,(%rax,%rax,1)\n \t...\n 23301e:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 233020:\tadd (%rax),%al\n 233022:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 233024:\tsub %al,(%rax)\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubnetx64-installer.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubnetx64-installer.efi", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "objdump", "source2": "objdump", "unified_diff": "@@ -770131,16 +770131,16 @@\n 2369e7:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 2369e9:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 2369eb:\tadd %ch,-0x2d(%rdx)\n 2369ee:\tor $0x0,%al\n 2369f0:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 2369f2:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 2369f4:\tadd $0x80,%al\n- 2369f6:\tpush %rdi\n- 2369f7:\tadd $0x0,%al\n+ 2369f6:\tscas %es:(%rdi),%al\n+ 2369f7:\tor %al,(%rax)\n 2369f9:\tadd %dl,0xc(%rbx,%rdx,8)\n \t...\n 237660:\tadd (%rax),%al\n 237662:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 237664:\tsub %al,(%rax)\n 237666:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 237668:\toutsb %ds:(%rsi),(%dx)\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubnetx64.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubnetx64.efi", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "objdump", "source2": "objdump", "unified_diff": "@@ -770132,16 +770132,16 @@\n 2369e7:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 2369e9:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 2369eb:\tadd %ch,-0x2d(%rdx)\n 2369ee:\tor $0x0,%al\n 2369f0:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 2369f2:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 2369f4:\tadd $0x80,%al\n- 2369f6:\tpush %rdi\n- 2369f7:\tadd $0x0,%al\n+ 2369f6:\tscas %es:(%rdi),%al\n+ 2369f7:\tor %al,(%rax)\n 2369f9:\tadd %dl,0xc(%rbx,%rdx,8)\n \t...\n 237660:\tadd (%rax),%al\n 237662:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 237664:\tsub %al,(%rax)\n 237666:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 237668:\toutsb %ds:(%rsi),(%dx)\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubx64.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubx64.efi", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "objdump", "source2": "objdump", "unified_diff": "@@ -875873,16 +875873,16 @@\n 288c0a:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 288c0c:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 288c0e:\txchg %eax,%esp\n 288c0f:\trorb %cl,(%rax,%rax,1)\n 288c12:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 288c14:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 288c16:\tadd $0x80,%al\n- 288c18:\tpush %rdi\n- 288c19:\tadd $0x0,%al\n+ 288c18:\tscas %es:(%rdi),%al\n+ 288c19:\tor %al,(%rax)\n 288c1b:\tadd %dh,0xcd2(%rsi)\n \t...\n 28995d:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 28995f:\tadd %al,(%rbx)\n 289961:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 289963:\tadd %bl,(%rax)\n 289965:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n"}]}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-efi-ia32-bin_2.12-2_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-efi-ia32-bin_2.12-2_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 debian-binary\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 7972 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1536964 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 7976 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 control.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1536412 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -159,15 +159,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3740 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3904 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3708 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3840 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3804 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6852 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5340 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2604 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2602 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/modinfo.sh\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1863680 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/gcdia32.efi\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2174976 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubia32.efi\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1871872 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubnetia32-installer.efi\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1871872 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubnetia32.efi\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2364 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/morse.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 28648 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/mpi.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=efi\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/gcdia32.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/gcdia32.efi", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -115550,15 +115550,15 @@\n 001c35d0: 0200 0a00 756e 6963 6f64 652e 7066 3201 ....unicode.pf2.\n 001c35e0: 0000 0000 0000 0001 0000 006c 0000 0001 ...........l....\n 001c35f0: 0004 0066 6f6e 7473 8c00 0200 0200 0700 ...fonts........\n 001c3600: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 1080 acd1 0c00 0000 grub.cfg........\n 001c3610: 0000 ec00 0000 0000 0000 9cd3 0c00 0000 ................\n 001c3620: 0000 2080 6c00 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 .. .l...........\n 001c3630: 0000 0000 8c00 0000 0000 0000 ac00 0000 ................\n-001c3640: 0000 0000 b6d3 0c00 0000 0000 0480 5704 ..............W.\n+001c3640: 0000 0000 b6d3 0c00 0000 0000 0480 ae08 ................\n 001c3650: 0000 e0d3 0c00 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c3660: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c3670: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c3680: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c3690: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c36a0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c36b0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubia32.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubia32.efi", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -135151,15 +135151,15 @@\n 0020fee0: 0000 0000 0000 0300 0000 1c00 1f00 0400 ................\n 0020fef0: 0000 3880 0000 0000 0000 0000 0200 0000 ..8.............\n 0020ff00: 0000 0000 0200 0a00 756e 6963 6f64 652e ........unicode.\n 0020ff10: 7066 3200 0000 0000 0000 0001 0000 006c pf2............l\n 0020ff20: 0000 0001 0004 0066 6f6e 7473 1880 6c00 .......fonts..l.\n 0020ff30: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 8c00 ................\n 0020ff40: 0000 0000 0000 94d2 0c00 0000 0000 0480 ................\n-0020ff50: 5704 0000 b6d2 0c00 0000 0000 0000 0000 W...............\n+0020ff50: ae08 0000 b6d2 0c00 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 0020ff60: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 0020ff70: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 0020ff80: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 0020ff90: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 0020ffa0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 0020ffb0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 0020ffc0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubnetia32-installer.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubnetia32-installer.efi", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -116270,15 +116270,15 @@\n 001c62d0: 6f64 652e 7066 3201 0000 0000 0000 0001 ode.pf2.........\n 001c62e0: 0000 006c 0000 0001 0004 0066 6f6e 7473 ...l.......fonts\n 001c62f0: 8c00 0200 0200 0700 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ........grub.cfg\n 001c6300: 1080 acd1 0c00 0000 0000 9c00 0000 0000 ................\n 001c6310: 0000 4cd3 0c00 0000 0000 2080 6c00 0000 ..L....... .l...\n 001c6320: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 8c00 0000 ................\n 001c6330: 0000 0000 ac00 0000 0000 0000 66d3 0c00 ............f...\n-001c6340: 0000 0000 0480 5704 0000 90d3 0c00 0000 ......W.........\n+001c6340: 0000 0000 0480 ae08 0000 90d3 0c00 0000 ................\n 001c6350: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c6360: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c6370: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c6380: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c6390: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c63a0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c63b0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubnetia32.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubnetia32.efi", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -116270,15 +116270,15 @@\n 001c62d0: 6f64 652e 7066 3201 0000 0000 0000 0001 ode.pf2.........\n 001c62e0: 0000 006c 0000 0001 0004 0066 6f6e 7473 ...l.......fonts\n 001c62f0: 8c00 0200 0200 0700 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ........grub.cfg\n 001c6300: 1080 acd1 0c00 0000 0000 9c00 0000 0000 ................\n 001c6310: 0000 4cd3 0c00 0000 0000 2080 6c00 0000 ..L....... .l...\n 001c6320: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 8c00 0000 ................\n 001c6330: 0000 0000 ac00 0000 0000 0000 66d3 0c00 ............f...\n-001c6340: 0000 0000 0480 5704 0000 90d3 0c00 0000 ......W.........\n+001c6340: 0000 0000 0480 ae08 0000 90d3 0c00 0000 ................\n 001c6350: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c6360: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c6370: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c6380: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c6390: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c63a0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c63b0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-emu_2.12-2_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-emu_2.12-2_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 6252 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 3039844 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 3039972 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -126,15 +126,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 39144 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/minix.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 39768 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 44776 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 39632 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 44088 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 43976 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3750 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2375 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2373 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 330944 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 23160 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 11744 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 596096 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/net.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 32088 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/newc.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 74304 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/nilfs2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1028072 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/normal.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=x86_64\n grub_modinfo_platform=emu\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-firmware-qemu_2.12-2_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-firmware-qemu_2.12-2_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1176 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[{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -145,15 +145,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3732 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3864 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3636 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3800 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3732 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5836 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4708 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2637 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2635 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2348 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/morse.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 27436 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2396 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1984 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 13700 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/multiboot.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 14688 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/multiboot2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2708 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/nand.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=ieee1275\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-pc-bin_2.12-2_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-pc-bin_2.12-2_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 debian-binary\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 8428 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1000624 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 8432 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 control.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1000668 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -171,15 +171,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3732 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3864 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3636 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3800 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3732 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 8528 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5791 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2623 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2621 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2348 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/morse.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 27436 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2396 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1984 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 14896 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/multiboot.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 15932 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/multiboot2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4148 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/nativedisk.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=pc\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-rescue-pc_2.12-2_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-rescue-pc_2.12-2_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 debian-binary\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1024 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 2631188 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1020 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 control.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 2631296 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./usr/lib/grub-rescue/grub-rescue-cdrom.iso", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub-rescue/grub-rescue-cdrom.iso", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "isoinfo -l -i {}", "source2": "isoinfo -l -i {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,325 +1,325 @@\n \n Directory listing of /\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 19 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 19 02] .. \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 21 02] boot \n----------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 48 00] boot.cat;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 19 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 21 02] boot \n+---------- 0 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 48 00] boot.cat;1 \n \n Directory listing of /boot/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 21 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 19 02] .. \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 22 02] grub \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 21 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 22 02] grub \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 22 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 21 02] .. \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 23 02] fonts \n----------- 0 0 0 1705 Apr 27 2024 [ 1227 00] grub.cfg;1 \n-d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Apr 27 2024 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 43 02] locale \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 44 02] roms \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 22 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 21 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 23 02] fonts \n+---------- 0 0 0 1705 May 31 2025 [ 1227 00] grub.cfg;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 38912 May 31 2025 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 43 02] locale \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 44 02] roms \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/fonts/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 23 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n----------- 0 0 0 2411806 Apr 27 2024 [ 49 00] unicode.pf2;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 23 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+---------- 0 0 0 2411806 May 31 2025 [ 49 00] unicode.pf2;1 \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/i386-pc/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Apr 27 2024 [ 24 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n----------- 0 0 0 7812 Apr 27 2024 [ 1228 00] 915resol.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10604 Apr 27 2024 [ 1232 00] acpi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1228 Apr 27 2024 [ 1238 00] adler32.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5584 Apr 27 2024 [ 1239 00] affs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6028 Apr 27 2024 [ 1242 00] afs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1492 Apr 27 2024 [ 1245 00] afsplitt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 15616 Apr 27 2024 [ 1246 00] ahci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 492 Apr 27 2024 [ 1254 00] all_vide.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 956 Apr 27 2024 [ 1255 00] aout.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2936 Apr 27 2024 [ 1256 00] archelp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4140 Apr 27 2024 [ 1258 00] at_keybo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5524 Apr 27 2024 [ 1261 00] ata.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1576 Apr 27 2024 [ 1264 00] backtrac.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6736 Apr 27 2024 [ 1265 00] bfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4628 Apr 27 2024 [ 1269 00] biosdisk.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2188 Apr 27 2024 [ 1272 00] bitmap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3604 Apr 27 2024 [ 1274 00] bitmap_s.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2028 Apr 27 2024 [ 1276 00] blocklis.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2628 Apr 27 2024 [ 1277 00] boot.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 31160 Apr 27 2024 [ 1279 00] bsd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2252 Apr 27 2024 [ 1295 00] bswap_te.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 19616 Apr 27 2024 [ 1297 00] btrfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2096 Apr 27 2024 [ 1307 00] bufio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2852 Apr 27 2024 [ 1309 00] cat.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3860 Apr 27 2024 [ 1311 00] cbfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3340 Apr 27 2024 [ 1313 00] cbls.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2448 Apr 27 2024 [ 1315 00] cbmemc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1048 Apr 27 2024 [ 1317 00] cbtable.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2772 Apr 27 2024 [ 1318 00] cbtime.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3396 Apr 27 2024 [ 1320 00] chain.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2960 Apr 27 2024 [ 1322 00] cmdline_.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1164 Apr 27 2024 [ 1324 00] cmosdump.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1820 Apr 27 2024 [ 1325 00] cmostest.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2224 Apr 27 2024 [ 1326 00] cmp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4608 Apr 27 2024 [ 1328 00] cmp_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3931 Apr 27 2024 [ 1331 00] command.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2204 Apr 27 2024 [ 1333 00] configfi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2612 Apr 27 2024 [ 1335 00] cpio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2680 Apr 27 2024 [ 1337 00] cpio_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1664 Apr 27 2024 [ 1339 00] cpuid.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1572 Apr 27 2024 [ 1340 00] crc64.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 936 Apr 27 2024 [ 1341 00] crypto.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4916 Apr 27 2024 [ 1342 00] crypto.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 14636 Apr 27 2024 [ 1345 00] cryptodi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3588 Apr 27 2024 [ 1353 00] cs5536.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1684 Apr 27 2024 [ 1355 00] ctz_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2116 Apr 27 2024 [ 1356 00] date.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1716 Apr 27 2024 [ 1358 00] datehook.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2148 Apr 27 2024 [ 1359 00] datetime.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2300 Apr 27 2024 [ 1361 00] disk.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9868 Apr 27 2024 [ 1363 00] diskfilt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 956 Apr 27 2024 [ 1368 00] div.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5560 Apr 27 2024 [ 1369 00] div_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1768 Apr 27 2024 [ 1372 00] dm_nv.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5284 Apr 27 2024 [ 1373 00] drivemap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1896 Apr 27 2024 [ 1376 00] echo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 23720 Apr 27 2024 [ 1377 00] efiemu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7608 Apr 27 2024 [ 1389 00] efiemu32.o;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10912 Apr 27 2024 [ 1393 00] efiemu64.o;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 16128 Apr 27 2024 [ 1399 00] ehci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5728 Apr 27 2024 [ 1407 00] elf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 30949 Apr 27 2024 [ 1410 00] eltorito.img;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1368 Apr 27 2024 [ 1426 00] eval.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5872 Apr 27 2024 [ 1427 00] exfat.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1380 Apr 27 2024 [ 1430 00] exfctest.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6052 Apr 27 2024 [ 1431 00] ext2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4608 Apr 27 2024 [ 1434 00] extcmd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6452 Apr 27 2024 [ 1437 00] f2fs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6048 Apr 27 2024 [ 1441 00] fat.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 17140 Apr 27 2024 [ 1444 00] file.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 13512 Apr 27 2024 [ 1453 00] font.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2612 Apr 27 2024 [ 1460 00] freedos.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 219 Apr 27 2024 [ 1462 00] fs.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2924 Apr 27 2024 [ 1463 00] fshelp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 34168 Apr 27 2024 [ 1465 00] function.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1580 Apr 27 2024 [ 1482 00] gcry_arc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8000 Apr 27 2024 [ 1483 00] gcry_blo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 33516 Apr 27 2024 [ 1487 00] gcry_cam.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 16356 Apr 27 2024 [ 1504 00] gcry_cas.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10532 Apr 27 2024 [ 1512 00] gcry_crc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 19136 Apr 27 2024 [ 1518 00] gcry_des.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2188 Apr 27 2024 [ 1528 00] gcry_dsa.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2884 Apr 27 2024 [ 1530 00] gcry_ide.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3048 Apr 27 2024 [ 1532 00] gcry_md4.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3668 Apr 27 2024 [ 1534 00] gcry_md5.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2316 Apr 27 2024 [ 1536 00] gcry_rfc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 19312 Apr 27 2024 [ 1538 00] gcry_rij.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8248 Apr 27 2024 [ 1548 00] gcry_rmd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1968 Apr 27 2024 [ 1553 00] gcry_rsa.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 14792 Apr 27 2024 [ 1554 00] gcry_see.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 17764 Apr 27 2024 [ 1562 00] gcry_ser.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8592 Apr 27 2024 [ 1571 00] gcry_sh0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4376 Apr 27 2024 [ 1576 00] gcry_sh1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7908 Apr 27 2024 [ 1579 00] gcry_sh2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 12180 Apr 27 2024 [ 1583 00] gcry_tig.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 36816 Apr 27 2024 [ 1589 00] gcry_two.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 24588 Apr 27 2024 [ 1607 00] gcry_whi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 25124 Apr 27 2024 [ 1620 00] gdb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5552 Apr 27 2024 [ 1633 00] geli.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4828 Apr 27 2024 [ 1636 00] gettext.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 38952 Apr 27 2024 [ 1639 00] gfxmenu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9892 Apr 27 2024 [ 1659 00] gfxterm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2796 Apr 27 2024 [ 1664 00] gfxterm0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4912 Apr 27 2024 [ 1666 00] gfxterm1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3716 Apr 27 2024 [ 1669 00] gptsync.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8752 Apr 27 2024 [ 1671 00] gzio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4640 Apr 27 2024 [ 1676 00] halt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5168 Apr 27 2024 [ 1679 00] hashsum.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6512 Apr 27 2024 [ 1682 00] hdparm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1140 Apr 27 2024 [ 1686 00] hello.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2592 Apr 27 2024 [ 1687 00] help.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3072 Apr 27 2024 [ 1689 00] hexdump.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6924 Apr 27 2024 [ 1691 00] hfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8104 Apr 27 2024 [ 1695 00] hfsplus.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2960 Apr 27 2024 [ 1699 00] hfsplusc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5824 Apr 27 2024 [ 1701 00] http.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2452 Apr 27 2024 [ 1704 00] hwmatch.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2800 Apr 27 2024 [ 1706 00] iorw.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9096 Apr 27 2024 [ 1708 00] iso9660.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6124 Apr 27 2024 [ 1713 00] jfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7728 Apr 27 2024 [ 1716 00] jpeg.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4244 Apr 27 2024 [ 1720 00] json.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4976 Apr 27 2024 [ 1723 00] keylayou.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1840 Apr 27 2024 [ 1726 00] keystatu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6244 Apr 27 2024 [ 1727 00] ldm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 14404 Apr 27 2024 [ 1731 00] legacy_p.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 30100 Apr 27 2024 [ 1739 00] legacycf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 13540 Apr 27 2024 [ 1754 00] linux.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5516 Apr 27 2024 [ 1761 00] linux16.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5748 Apr 27 2024 [ 1764 00] loadenv.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3052 Apr 27 2024 [ 1767 00] loopback.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3876 Apr 27 2024 [ 1769 00] ls.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4740 Apr 27 2024 [ 1771 00] lsacpi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2232 Apr 27 2024 [ 1774 00] lsapm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1820 Apr 27 2024 [ 1776 00] lsmmap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4796 Apr 27 2024 [ 1777 00] lspci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3912 Apr 27 2024 [ 1780 00] luks.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 14228 Apr 27 2024 [ 1782 00] luks2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8484 Apr 27 2024 [ 1789 00] lvm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4748 Apr 27 2024 [ 1794 00] lzopio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3192 Apr 27 2024 [ 1797 00] macbless.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7372 Apr 27 2024 [ 1799 00] macho.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2044 Apr 27 2024 [ 1803 00] mda_text.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2104 Apr 27 2024 [ 1804 00] mdraid00.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1964 Apr 27 2024 [ 1806 00] mdraid01.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1868 Apr 27 2024 [ 1807 00] mdraid1x.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1988 Apr 27 2024 [ 1808 00] memdisk.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2792 Apr 27 2024 [ 1809 00] memrw.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3504 Apr 27 2024 [ 1811 00] minicmd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3604 Apr 27 2024 [ 1813 00] minix.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3732 Apr 27 2024 [ 1815 00] minix2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3864 Apr 27 2024 [ 1817 00] minix2_b.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3636 Apr 27 2024 [ 1819 00] minix3.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3800 Apr 27 2024 [ 1821 00] minix3_b.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3732 Apr 27 2024 [ 1823 00] minix_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8528 Apr 27 2024 [ 1825 00] mmap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5791 Apr 27 2024 [ 1830 00] moddep.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2623 Apr 27 2024 [ 1833 00] modinfo.sh;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2348 Apr 27 2024 [ 1835 00] morse.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 27436 Apr 27 2024 [ 1837 00] mpi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2396 Apr 27 2024 [ 1851 00] msdospar.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1984 Apr 27 2024 [ 1853 00] mul_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 14896 Apr 27 2024 [ 1854 00] multibo0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 15932 Apr 27 2024 [ 1862 00] multibo1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4148 Apr 27 2024 [ 1870 00] nativedi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 58388 Apr 27 2024 [ 1873 00] net.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2804 Apr 27 2024 [ 1902 00] newc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6744 Apr 27 2024 [ 1904 00] nilfs2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 114820 Apr 27 2024 [ 1908 00] normal.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10580 Apr 27 2024 [ 1965 00] ntfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4252 Apr 27 2024 [ 1971 00] ntfscomp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2504 Apr 27 2024 [ 1974 00] ntldr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2676 Apr 27 2024 [ 1976 00] odc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1456 Apr 27 2024 [ 1978 00] offsetio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10324 Apr 27 2024 [ 1979 00] ohci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1588 Apr 27 2024 [ 1985 00] part_aco.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1812 Apr 27 2024 [ 1986 00] part_ami.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2052 Apr 27 2024 [ 1987 00] part_app.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2680 Apr 27 2024 [ 1989 00] part_bsd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1712 Apr 27 2024 [ 1991 00] part_dfl.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1424 Apr 27 2024 [ 1992 00] part_dvh.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2300 Apr 27 2024 [ 1993 00] part_gpt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2264 Apr 27 2024 [ 1995 00] part_msd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1732 Apr 27 2024 [ 1997 00] part_pla.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1452 Apr 27 2024 [ 1998 00] part_su0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1588 Apr 27 2024 [ 1999 00] part_su1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 111 Apr 27 2024 [ 2000 00] partmap.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 17 Apr 27 2024 [ 2001 00] parttool.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4644 Apr 27 2024 [ 2002 00] parttool.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1820 Apr 27 2024 [ 2005 00] passwor0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2720 Apr 27 2024 [ 2006 00] passwor1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4812 Apr 27 2024 [ 2008 00] pata.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1312 Apr 27 2024 [ 2011 00] pbkdf2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2100 Apr 27 2024 [ 2012 00] pbkdf2_t.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1316 Apr 27 2024 [ 2014 00] pci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2384 Apr 27 2024 [ 2015 00] pcidump.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 11344 Apr 27 2024 [ 2017 00] pgp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7164 Apr 27 2024 [ 2023 00] plainmou.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6292 Apr 27 2024 [ 2027 00] plan9.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2448 Apr 27 2024 [ 2031 00] play.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7988 Apr 27 2024 [ 2033 00] png.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1516 Apr 27 2024 [ 2037 00] priority.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3528 Apr 27 2024 [ 2038 00] probe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2284 Apr 27 2024 [ 2040 00] procfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2136 Apr 27 2024 [ 2042 00] progress.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3680 Apr 27 2024 [ 2044 00] pxe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2616 Apr 27 2024 [ 2046 00] pxechain.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1292 Apr 27 2024 [ 2048 00] raid5rec.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2204 Apr 27 2024 [ 2049 00] raid6rec.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3696 Apr 27 2024 [ 2051 00] random.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1848 Apr 27 2024 [ 2053 00] rdmsr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1688 Apr 27 2024 [ 2054 00] read.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1640 Apr 27 2024 [ 2055 00] reboot.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 50724 Apr 27 2024 [ 2056 00] regexp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8692 Apr 27 2024 [ 2081 00] reiserfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 15008 Apr 27 2024 [ 2086 00] relocato.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4084 Apr 27 2024 [ 2094 00] romfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4612 Apr 27 2024 [ 2096 00] scsi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3700 Apr 27 2024 [ 2099 00] search.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3124 Apr 27 2024 [ 2101 00] search_0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3188 Apr 27 2024 [ 2103 00] search_1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3120 Apr 27 2024 [ 2105 00] search_l.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7012 Apr 27 2024 [ 2107 00] sendkey.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10000 Apr 27 2024 [ 2111 00] serial.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 628 Apr 27 2024 [ 2116 00] setjmp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1624 Apr 27 2024 [ 2117 00] setjmp_t.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5232 Apr 27 2024 [ 2118 00] setpci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5116 Apr 27 2024 [ 2121 00] sfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2448 Apr 27 2024 [ 2124 00] shift_te.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6380 Apr 27 2024 [ 2126 00] signatur.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2144 Apr 27 2024 [ 2130 00] sleep.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2268 Apr 27 2024 [ 2132 00] sleep_te.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5524 Apr 27 2024 [ 2134 00] smbios.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2024 Apr 27 2024 [ 2137 00] spkmodem.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6988 Apr 27 2024 [ 2138 00] squash4.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2112 Apr 27 2024 [ 2142 00] strtoull.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 17356 Apr 27 2024 [ 2144 00] syslinux.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3184 Apr 27 2024 [ 2153 00] tar.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 202 Apr 27 2024 [ 2155 00] terminal.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4432 Apr 27 2024 [ 2156 00] terminal.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 12196 Apr 27 2024 [ 2159 00] terminfo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4992 Apr 27 2024 [ 2165 00] test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1272 Apr 27 2024 [ 2168 00] test_blo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2740 Apr 27 2024 [ 2169 00] testload.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2264 Apr 27 2024 [ 2171 00] testspee.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5312 Apr 27 2024 [ 2173 00] tftp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4592 Apr 27 2024 [ 2176 00] tga.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1456 Apr 27 2024 [ 2179 00] time.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2336 Apr 27 2024 [ 2180 00] tr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1668 Apr 27 2024 [ 2182 00] trig.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1152 Apr 27 2024 [ 2183 00] true.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3564 Apr 27 2024 [ 2184 00] truecryp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8716 Apr 27 2024 [ 2186 00] udf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5236 Apr 27 2024 [ 2191 00] ufs1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5652 Apr 27 2024 [ 2194 00] ufs1_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5332 Apr 27 2024 [ 2197 00] ufs2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6524 Apr 27 2024 [ 2200 00] uhci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10360 Apr 27 2024 [ 2204 00] usb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3764 Apr 27 2024 [ 2210 00] usb_keyb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6912 Apr 27 2024 [ 2212 00] usbms.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1924 Apr 27 2024 [ 2216 00] usbseri0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2296 Apr 27 2024 [ 2217 00] usbseri1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2632 Apr 27 2024 [ 2219 00] usbseri2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1460 Apr 27 2024 [ 2221 00] usbseri3.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3568 Apr 27 2024 [ 2222 00] usbtest.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9724 Apr 27 2024 [ 2224 00] vbe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2620 Apr 27 2024 [ 2229 00] verifier.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4932 Apr 27 2024 [ 2231 00] vga.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2140 Apr 27 2024 [ 2234 00] vga_text.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 33 Apr 27 2024 [ 2236 00] video.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5904 Apr 27 2024 [ 2237 00] video.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5588 Apr 27 2024 [ 2240 00] video_bo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6004 Apr 27 2024 [ 2243 00] video_ci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5568 Apr 27 2024 [ 2246 00] video_co.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 20856 Apr 27 2024 [ 2249 00] video_fb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3992 Apr 27 2024 [ 2260 00] videoinf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4216 Apr 27 2024 [ 2262 00] videote0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2280 Apr 27 2024 [ 2265 00] videote1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1448 Apr 27 2024 [ 2267 00] wrmsr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8012 Apr 27 2024 [ 2268 00] xfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 27340 Apr 27 2024 [ 2272 00] xnu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2084 Apr 27 2024 [ 2286 00] xnu_uui0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1924 Apr 27 2024 [ 2288 00] xnu_uui1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 15008 Apr 27 2024 [ 2289 00] xzio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 40048 Apr 27 2024 [ 2297 00] zfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5424 Apr 27 2024 [ 2317 00] zfscrypt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6484 Apr 27 2024 [ 2320 00] zfsinfo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 45660 Apr 27 2024 [ 2324 00] zstd.mod;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 38912 May 31 2025 [ 24 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+---------- 0 0 0 7812 May 31 2025 [ 1228 00] 915resol.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10604 May 31 2025 [ 1232 00] acpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1228 May 31 2025 [ 1238 00] adler32.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5584 May 31 2025 [ 1239 00] affs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6028 May 31 2025 [ 1242 00] afs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1492 May 31 2025 [ 1245 00] afsplitt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 15616 May 31 2025 [ 1246 00] ahci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 492 May 31 2025 [ 1254 00] all_vide.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 956 May 31 2025 [ 1255 00] aout.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2936 May 31 2025 [ 1256 00] archelp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4140 May 31 2025 [ 1258 00] at_keybo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5524 May 31 2025 [ 1261 00] ata.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1576 May 31 2025 [ 1264 00] backtrac.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6736 May 31 2025 [ 1265 00] bfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4628 May 31 2025 [ 1269 00] biosdisk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2188 May 31 2025 [ 1272 00] bitmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3604 May 31 2025 [ 1274 00] bitmap_s.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2028 May 31 2025 [ 1276 00] blocklis.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2628 May 31 2025 [ 1277 00] boot.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 31160 May 31 2025 [ 1279 00] bsd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2252 May 31 2025 [ 1295 00] bswap_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 19616 May 31 2025 [ 1297 00] btrfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2096 May 31 2025 [ 1307 00] bufio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2852 May 31 2025 [ 1309 00] cat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3860 May 31 2025 [ 1311 00] cbfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3340 May 31 2025 [ 1313 00] cbls.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2448 May 31 2025 [ 1315 00] cbmemc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1048 May 31 2025 [ 1317 00] cbtable.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2772 May 31 2025 [ 1318 00] cbtime.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3396 May 31 2025 [ 1320 00] chain.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2960 May 31 2025 [ 1322 00] cmdline_.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1164 May 31 2025 [ 1324 00] cmosdump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1820 May 31 2025 [ 1325 00] cmostest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2224 May 31 2025 [ 1326 00] cmp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4608 May 31 2025 [ 1328 00] cmp_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3931 May 31 2025 [ 1331 00] command.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2204 May 31 2025 [ 1333 00] configfi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2612 May 31 2025 [ 1335 00] cpio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2680 May 31 2025 [ 1337 00] cpio_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1664 May 31 2025 [ 1339 00] cpuid.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1572 May 31 2025 [ 1340 00] crc64.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 936 May 31 2025 [ 1341 00] crypto.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4916 May 31 2025 [ 1342 00] crypto.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 14636 May 31 2025 [ 1345 00] cryptodi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3588 May 31 2025 [ 1353 00] cs5536.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1684 May 31 2025 [ 1355 00] ctz_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2116 May 31 2025 [ 1356 00] date.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1716 May 31 2025 [ 1358 00] datehook.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2148 May 31 2025 [ 1359 00] datetime.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2300 May 31 2025 [ 1361 00] disk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9868 May 31 2025 [ 1363 00] diskfilt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 956 May 31 2025 [ 1368 00] div.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5560 May 31 2025 [ 1369 00] div_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1768 May 31 2025 [ 1372 00] dm_nv.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5284 May 31 2025 [ 1373 00] drivemap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1896 May 31 2025 [ 1376 00] echo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 23720 May 31 2025 [ 1377 00] efiemu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7608 May 31 2025 [ 1389 00] efiemu32.o;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10912 May 31 2025 [ 1393 00] efiemu64.o;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 16128 May 31 2025 [ 1399 00] ehci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5728 May 31 2025 [ 1407 00] elf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 30949 May 31 2025 [ 1410 00] eltorito.img;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1368 May 31 2025 [ 1426 00] eval.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5872 May 31 2025 [ 1427 00] exfat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1380 May 31 2025 [ 1430 00] exfctest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6052 May 31 2025 [ 1431 00] ext2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4608 May 31 2025 [ 1434 00] extcmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6452 May 31 2025 [ 1437 00] f2fs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6048 May 31 2025 [ 1441 00] fat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 17140 May 31 2025 [ 1444 00] file.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 13512 May 31 2025 [ 1453 00] font.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2612 May 31 2025 [ 1460 00] freedos.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 219 May 31 2025 [ 1462 00] fs.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2924 May 31 2025 [ 1463 00] fshelp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 34168 May 31 2025 [ 1465 00] function.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1580 May 31 2025 [ 1482 00] gcry_arc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8000 May 31 2025 [ 1483 00] gcry_blo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 33516 May 31 2025 [ 1487 00] gcry_cam.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 16356 May 31 2025 [ 1504 00] gcry_cas.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10532 May 31 2025 [ 1512 00] gcry_crc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 19136 May 31 2025 [ 1518 00] gcry_des.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2188 May 31 2025 [ 1528 00] gcry_dsa.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2884 May 31 2025 [ 1530 00] gcry_ide.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3048 May 31 2025 [ 1532 00] gcry_md4.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3668 May 31 2025 [ 1534 00] gcry_md5.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2316 May 31 2025 [ 1536 00] gcry_rfc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 19312 May 31 2025 [ 1538 00] gcry_rij.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8248 May 31 2025 [ 1548 00] gcry_rmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1968 May 31 2025 [ 1553 00] gcry_rsa.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 14792 May 31 2025 [ 1554 00] gcry_see.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 17764 May 31 2025 [ 1562 00] gcry_ser.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8592 May 31 2025 [ 1571 00] gcry_sh0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4376 May 31 2025 [ 1576 00] gcry_sh1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7908 May 31 2025 [ 1579 00] gcry_sh2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 12180 May 31 2025 [ 1583 00] gcry_tig.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 36816 May 31 2025 [ 1589 00] gcry_two.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 24588 May 31 2025 [ 1607 00] gcry_whi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 25124 May 31 2025 [ 1620 00] gdb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5552 May 31 2025 [ 1633 00] geli.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4828 May 31 2025 [ 1636 00] gettext.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 38952 May 31 2025 [ 1639 00] gfxmenu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9892 May 31 2025 [ 1659 00] gfxterm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2796 May 31 2025 [ 1664 00] gfxterm0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4912 May 31 2025 [ 1666 00] gfxterm1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3716 May 31 2025 [ 1669 00] gptsync.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8752 May 31 2025 [ 1671 00] gzio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4640 May 31 2025 [ 1676 00] halt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5168 May 31 2025 [ 1679 00] hashsum.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6512 May 31 2025 [ 1682 00] hdparm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1140 May 31 2025 [ 1686 00] hello.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2592 May 31 2025 [ 1687 00] help.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3072 May 31 2025 [ 1689 00] hexdump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6924 May 31 2025 [ 1691 00] hfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8104 May 31 2025 [ 1695 00] hfsplus.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2960 May 31 2025 [ 1699 00] hfsplusc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5824 May 31 2025 [ 1701 00] http.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2452 May 31 2025 [ 1704 00] hwmatch.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2800 May 31 2025 [ 1706 00] iorw.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9096 May 31 2025 [ 1708 00] iso9660.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6124 May 31 2025 [ 1713 00] jfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7728 May 31 2025 [ 1716 00] jpeg.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4244 May 31 2025 [ 1720 00] json.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4976 May 31 2025 [ 1723 00] keylayou.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1840 May 31 2025 [ 1726 00] keystatu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6244 May 31 2025 [ 1727 00] ldm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 14404 May 31 2025 [ 1731 00] legacy_p.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 30100 May 31 2025 [ 1739 00] legacycf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 13540 May 31 2025 [ 1754 00] linux.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5516 May 31 2025 [ 1761 00] linux16.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5748 May 31 2025 [ 1764 00] loadenv.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3052 May 31 2025 [ 1767 00] loopback.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3876 May 31 2025 [ 1769 00] ls.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4740 May 31 2025 [ 1771 00] lsacpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2232 May 31 2025 [ 1774 00] lsapm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1820 May 31 2025 [ 1776 00] lsmmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4796 May 31 2025 [ 1777 00] lspci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3912 May 31 2025 [ 1780 00] luks.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 14228 May 31 2025 [ 1782 00] luks2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8484 May 31 2025 [ 1789 00] lvm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4748 May 31 2025 [ 1794 00] lzopio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3192 May 31 2025 [ 1797 00] macbless.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7372 May 31 2025 [ 1799 00] macho.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2044 May 31 2025 [ 1803 00] mda_text.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2104 May 31 2025 [ 1804 00] mdraid00.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1964 May 31 2025 [ 1806 00] mdraid01.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1868 May 31 2025 [ 1807 00] mdraid1x.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1988 May 31 2025 [ 1808 00] memdisk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2792 May 31 2025 [ 1809 00] memrw.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3504 May 31 2025 [ 1811 00] minicmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3604 May 31 2025 [ 1813 00] minix.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3732 May 31 2025 [ 1815 00] minix2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3864 May 31 2025 [ 1817 00] minix2_b.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3636 May 31 2025 [ 1819 00] minix3.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3800 May 31 2025 [ 1821 00] minix3_b.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3732 May 31 2025 [ 1823 00] minix_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8528 May 31 2025 [ 1825 00] mmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5791 May 31 2025 [ 1830 00] moddep.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2621 May 31 2025 [ 1833 00] modinfo.sh;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2348 May 31 2025 [ 1835 00] morse.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 27436 May 31 2025 [ 1837 00] mpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2396 May 31 2025 [ 1851 00] msdospar.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1984 May 31 2025 [ 1853 00] mul_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 14896 May 31 2025 [ 1854 00] multibo0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 15932 May 31 2025 [ 1862 00] multibo1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4148 May 31 2025 [ 1870 00] nativedi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 58388 May 31 2025 [ 1873 00] net.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2804 May 31 2025 [ 1902 00] newc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6744 May 31 2025 [ 1904 00] nilfs2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 114820 May 31 2025 [ 1908 00] normal.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10580 May 31 2025 [ 1965 00] ntfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4252 May 31 2025 [ 1971 00] ntfscomp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2504 May 31 2025 [ 1974 00] ntldr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2676 May 31 2025 [ 1976 00] odc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1456 May 31 2025 [ 1978 00] offsetio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10324 May 31 2025 [ 1979 00] ohci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1588 May 31 2025 [ 1985 00] part_aco.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1812 May 31 2025 [ 1986 00] part_ami.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2052 May 31 2025 [ 1987 00] part_app.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2680 May 31 2025 [ 1989 00] part_bsd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1712 May 31 2025 [ 1991 00] part_dfl.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1424 May 31 2025 [ 1992 00] part_dvh.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2300 May 31 2025 [ 1993 00] part_gpt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2264 May 31 2025 [ 1995 00] part_msd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1732 May 31 2025 [ 1997 00] part_pla.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1452 May 31 2025 [ 1998 00] part_su0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1588 May 31 2025 [ 1999 00] part_su1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 111 May 31 2025 [ 2000 00] partmap.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 17 May 31 2025 [ 2001 00] parttool.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4644 May 31 2025 [ 2002 00] parttool.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1820 May 31 2025 [ 2005 00] passwor0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2720 May 31 2025 [ 2006 00] passwor1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4812 May 31 2025 [ 2008 00] pata.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1312 May 31 2025 [ 2011 00] pbkdf2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2100 May 31 2025 [ 2012 00] pbkdf2_t.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1316 May 31 2025 [ 2014 00] pci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2384 May 31 2025 [ 2015 00] pcidump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 11344 May 31 2025 [ 2017 00] pgp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7164 May 31 2025 [ 2023 00] plainmou.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6292 May 31 2025 [ 2027 00] plan9.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2448 May 31 2025 [ 2031 00] play.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7988 May 31 2025 [ 2033 00] png.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1516 May 31 2025 [ 2037 00] priority.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3528 May 31 2025 [ 2038 00] probe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2284 May 31 2025 [ 2040 00] procfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2136 May 31 2025 [ 2042 00] progress.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3680 May 31 2025 [ 2044 00] pxe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2616 May 31 2025 [ 2046 00] pxechain.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1292 May 31 2025 [ 2048 00] raid5rec.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2204 May 31 2025 [ 2049 00] raid6rec.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3696 May 31 2025 [ 2051 00] random.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1848 May 31 2025 [ 2053 00] rdmsr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1688 May 31 2025 [ 2054 00] read.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1640 May 31 2025 [ 2055 00] reboot.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 50724 May 31 2025 [ 2056 00] regexp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8692 May 31 2025 [ 2081 00] reiserfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 15008 May 31 2025 [ 2086 00] relocato.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4084 May 31 2025 [ 2094 00] romfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4612 May 31 2025 [ 2096 00] scsi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3700 May 31 2025 [ 2099 00] search.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3124 May 31 2025 [ 2101 00] search_0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3188 May 31 2025 [ 2103 00] search_1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3120 May 31 2025 [ 2105 00] search_l.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7012 May 31 2025 [ 2107 00] sendkey.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10000 May 31 2025 [ 2111 00] serial.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 628 May 31 2025 [ 2116 00] setjmp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1624 May 31 2025 [ 2117 00] setjmp_t.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5232 May 31 2025 [ 2118 00] setpci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5116 May 31 2025 [ 2121 00] sfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2448 May 31 2025 [ 2124 00] shift_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6380 May 31 2025 [ 2126 00] signatur.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2144 May 31 2025 [ 2130 00] sleep.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2268 May 31 2025 [ 2132 00] sleep_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5524 May 31 2025 [ 2134 00] smbios.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2024 May 31 2025 [ 2137 00] spkmodem.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6988 May 31 2025 [ 2138 00] squash4.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2112 May 31 2025 [ 2142 00] strtoull.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 17356 May 31 2025 [ 2144 00] syslinux.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3184 May 31 2025 [ 2153 00] tar.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 202 May 31 2025 [ 2155 00] terminal.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4432 May 31 2025 [ 2156 00] terminal.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 12196 May 31 2025 [ 2159 00] terminfo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4992 May 31 2025 [ 2165 00] test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1272 May 31 2025 [ 2168 00] test_blo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2740 May 31 2025 [ 2169 00] testload.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2264 May 31 2025 [ 2171 00] testspee.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5312 May 31 2025 [ 2173 00] tftp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4592 May 31 2025 [ 2176 00] tga.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1456 May 31 2025 [ 2179 00] time.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2336 May 31 2025 [ 2180 00] tr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1668 May 31 2025 [ 2182 00] trig.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1152 May 31 2025 [ 2183 00] true.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3564 May 31 2025 [ 2184 00] truecryp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8716 May 31 2025 [ 2186 00] udf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5236 May 31 2025 [ 2191 00] ufs1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5652 May 31 2025 [ 2194 00] ufs1_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5332 May 31 2025 [ 2197 00] ufs2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6524 May 31 2025 [ 2200 00] uhci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10360 May 31 2025 [ 2204 00] usb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3764 May 31 2025 [ 2210 00] usb_keyb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6912 May 31 2025 [ 2212 00] usbms.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1924 May 31 2025 [ 2216 00] usbseri0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2296 May 31 2025 [ 2217 00] usbseri1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2632 May 31 2025 [ 2219 00] usbseri2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1460 May 31 2025 [ 2221 00] usbseri3.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3568 May 31 2025 [ 2222 00] usbtest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9724 May 31 2025 [ 2224 00] vbe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2620 May 31 2025 [ 2229 00] verifier.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4932 May 31 2025 [ 2231 00] vga.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2140 May 31 2025 [ 2234 00] vga_text.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 33 May 31 2025 [ 2236 00] video.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5904 May 31 2025 [ 2237 00] video.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5588 May 31 2025 [ 2240 00] video_bo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6004 May 31 2025 [ 2243 00] video_ci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5568 May 31 2025 [ 2246 00] video_co.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 20856 May 31 2025 [ 2249 00] video_fb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3992 May 31 2025 [ 2260 00] videoinf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4216 May 31 2025 [ 2262 00] videote0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2280 May 31 2025 [ 2265 00] videote1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1448 May 31 2025 [ 2267 00] wrmsr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8012 May 31 2025 [ 2268 00] xfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 27340 May 31 2025 [ 2272 00] xnu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2084 May 31 2025 [ 2286 00] xnu_uui0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1924 May 31 2025 [ 2288 00] xnu_uui1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 15008 May 31 2025 [ 2289 00] xzio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 40048 May 31 2025 [ 2297 00] zfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5424 May 31 2025 [ 2317 00] zfscrypt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6484 May 31 2025 [ 2320 00] zfsinfo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 45660 May 31 2025 [ 2324 00] zstd.mod;1 \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/locale/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 43 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 43 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/roms/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 44 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 44 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n"}, {"source1": "isoinfo -l -i {} -R", "source2": "isoinfo -l -i {} -R", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,325 +1,325 @@\n \n Directory listing of /\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 19 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 19 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 21 02] boot \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 48 00] boot.catalog \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 19 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 21 02] boot \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 48 00] boot.catalog \n \n Directory listing of /boot/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 21 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 19 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 22 02] grub \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 21 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 22 02] grub \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 22 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 21 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 23 02] fonts \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1705 Apr 27 2024 [ 1227 00] grub.cfg \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Apr 27 2024 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 43 02] locale \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 44 02] roms \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 22 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 21 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 23 02] fonts \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1705 May 31 2025 [ 1227 00] grub.cfg \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 May 31 2025 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 43 02] locale \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 44 02] roms \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/fonts/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 23 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2411806 Apr 27 2024 [ 49 00] unicode.pf2 \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 23 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2411806 May 31 2025 [ 49 00] unicode.pf2 \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/i386-pc/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Apr 27 2024 [ 24 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7812 Apr 27 2024 [ 1228 00] 915resolution.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10604 Apr 27 2024 [ 1232 00] acpi.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1228 Apr 27 2024 [ 1238 00] adler32.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5584 Apr 27 2024 [ 1239 00] affs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6028 Apr 27 2024 [ 1242 00] afs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1492 Apr 27 2024 [ 1245 00] afsplitter.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15616 Apr 27 2024 [ 1246 00] ahci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 492 Apr 27 2024 [ 1254 00] all_video.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 956 Apr 27 2024 [ 1255 00] aout.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2936 Apr 27 2024 [ 1256 00] archelp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4140 Apr 27 2024 [ 1258 00] at_keyboard.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5524 Apr 27 2024 [ 1261 00] ata.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1576 Apr 27 2024 [ 1264 00] backtrace.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6736 Apr 27 2024 [ 1265 00] bfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4628 Apr 27 2024 [ 1269 00] biosdisk.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2188 Apr 27 2024 [ 1272 00] bitmap.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3604 Apr 27 2024 [ 1274 00] bitmap_scale.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2028 Apr 27 2024 [ 1276 00] blocklist.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2628 Apr 27 2024 [ 1277 00] boot.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 31160 Apr 27 2024 [ 1279 00] bsd.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2252 Apr 27 2024 [ 1295 00] bswap_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 19616 Apr 27 2024 [ 1297 00] btrfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2096 Apr 27 2024 [ 1307 00] bufio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2852 Apr 27 2024 [ 1309 00] cat.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3860 Apr 27 2024 [ 1311 00] cbfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3340 Apr 27 2024 [ 1313 00] cbls.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2448 Apr 27 2024 [ 1315 00] cbmemc.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1048 Apr 27 2024 [ 1317 00] cbtable.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2772 Apr 27 2024 [ 1318 00] cbtime.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3396 Apr 27 2024 [ 1320 00] chain.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2960 Apr 27 2024 [ 1322 00] cmdline_cat_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1164 Apr 27 2024 [ 1324 00] cmosdump.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1820 Apr 27 2024 [ 1325 00] cmostest.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2224 Apr 27 2024 [ 1326 00] cmp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4608 Apr 27 2024 [ 1328 00] cmp_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3931 Apr 27 2024 [ 1331 00] command.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2204 Apr 27 2024 [ 1333 00] configfile.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2612 Apr 27 2024 [ 1335 00] cpio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2680 Apr 27 2024 [ 1337 00] cpio_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1664 Apr 27 2024 [ 1339 00] cpuid.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1572 Apr 27 2024 [ 1340 00] crc64.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 936 Apr 27 2024 [ 1341 00] crypto.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4916 Apr 27 2024 [ 1342 00] crypto.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14636 Apr 27 2024 [ 1345 00] cryptodisk.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3588 Apr 27 2024 [ 1353 00] cs5536.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1684 Apr 27 2024 [ 1355 00] ctz_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2116 Apr 27 2024 [ 1356 00] date.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1716 Apr 27 2024 [ 1358 00] datehook.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2148 Apr 27 2024 [ 1359 00] datetime.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2300 Apr 27 2024 [ 1361 00] disk.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9868 Apr 27 2024 [ 1363 00] diskfilter.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 956 Apr 27 2024 [ 1368 00] div.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5560 Apr 27 2024 [ 1369 00] div_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1768 Apr 27 2024 [ 1372 00] dm_nv.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5284 Apr 27 2024 [ 1373 00] drivemap.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1896 Apr 27 2024 [ 1376 00] echo.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 23720 Apr 27 2024 [ 1377 00] efiemu.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7608 Apr 27 2024 [ 1389 00] efiemu32.o \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10912 Apr 27 2024 [ 1393 00] efiemu64.o \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 16128 Apr 27 2024 [ 1399 00] ehci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5728 Apr 27 2024 [ 1407 00] elf.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 30949 Apr 27 2024 [ 1410 00] eltorito.img \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1368 Apr 27 2024 [ 1426 00] eval.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5872 Apr 27 2024 [ 1427 00] exfat.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1380 Apr 27 2024 [ 1430 00] exfctest.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6052 Apr 27 2024 [ 1431 00] ext2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4608 Apr 27 2024 [ 1434 00] extcmd.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6452 Apr 27 2024 [ 1437 00] f2fs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6048 Apr 27 2024 [ 1441 00] fat.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17140 Apr 27 2024 [ 1444 00] file.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 13512 Apr 27 2024 [ 1453 00] font.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2612 Apr 27 2024 [ 1460 00] freedos.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 219 Apr 27 2024 [ 1462 00] fs.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2924 Apr 27 2024 [ 1463 00] fshelp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 34168 Apr 27 2024 [ 1465 00] functional_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1580 Apr 27 2024 [ 1482 00] gcry_arcfour.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8000 Apr 27 2024 [ 1483 00] gcry_blowfish.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 33516 Apr 27 2024 [ 1487 00] gcry_camellia.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 16356 Apr 27 2024 [ 1504 00] gcry_cast5.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10532 Apr 27 2024 [ 1512 00] gcry_crc.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 19136 Apr 27 2024 [ 1518 00] gcry_des.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2188 Apr 27 2024 [ 1528 00] gcry_dsa.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2884 Apr 27 2024 [ 1530 00] gcry_idea.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3048 Apr 27 2024 [ 1532 00] gcry_md4.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3668 Apr 27 2024 [ 1534 00] gcry_md5.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2316 Apr 27 2024 [ 1536 00] gcry_rfc2268.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 19312 Apr 27 2024 [ 1538 00] gcry_rijndael.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8248 Apr 27 2024 [ 1548 00] gcry_rmd160.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1968 Apr 27 2024 [ 1553 00] gcry_rsa.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14792 Apr 27 2024 [ 1554 00] gcry_seed.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17764 Apr 27 2024 [ 1562 00] gcry_serpent.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8592 Apr 27 2024 [ 1571 00] gcry_sha1.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4376 Apr 27 2024 [ 1576 00] gcry_sha256.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7908 Apr 27 2024 [ 1579 00] gcry_sha512.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 12180 Apr 27 2024 [ 1583 00] gcry_tiger.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 36816 Apr 27 2024 [ 1589 00] gcry_twofish.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 24588 Apr 27 2024 [ 1607 00] gcry_whirlpool.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 25124 Apr 27 2024 [ 1620 00] gdb.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5552 Apr 27 2024 [ 1633 00] geli.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4828 Apr 27 2024 [ 1636 00] gettext.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 38952 Apr 27 2024 [ 1639 00] gfxmenu.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9892 Apr 27 2024 [ 1659 00] gfxterm.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2796 Apr 27 2024 [ 1664 00] gfxterm_background.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4912 Apr 27 2024 [ 1666 00] gfxterm_menu.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3716 Apr 27 2024 [ 1669 00] gptsync.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8752 Apr 27 2024 [ 1671 00] gzio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4640 Apr 27 2024 [ 1676 00] halt.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5168 Apr 27 2024 [ 1679 00] hashsum.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6512 Apr 27 2024 [ 1682 00] hdparm.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1140 Apr 27 2024 [ 1686 00] hello.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2592 Apr 27 2024 [ 1687 00] help.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3072 Apr 27 2024 [ 1689 00] hexdump.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6924 Apr 27 2024 [ 1691 00] hfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8104 Apr 27 2024 [ 1695 00] hfsplus.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2960 Apr 27 2024 [ 1699 00] hfspluscomp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5824 Apr 27 2024 [ 1701 00] http.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2452 Apr 27 2024 [ 1704 00] hwmatch.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2800 Apr 27 2024 [ 1706 00] iorw.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9096 Apr 27 2024 [ 1708 00] iso9660.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6124 Apr 27 2024 [ 1713 00] jfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7728 Apr 27 2024 [ 1716 00] jpeg.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4244 Apr 27 2024 [ 1720 00] json.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4976 Apr 27 2024 [ 1723 00] keylayouts.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1840 Apr 27 2024 [ 1726 00] keystatus.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6244 Apr 27 2024 [ 1727 00] ldm.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14404 Apr 27 2024 [ 1731 00] legacy_password_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 30100 Apr 27 2024 [ 1739 00] legacycfg.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 13540 Apr 27 2024 [ 1754 00] linux.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5516 Apr 27 2024 [ 1761 00] linux16.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5748 Apr 27 2024 [ 1764 00] loadenv.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3052 Apr 27 2024 [ 1767 00] loopback.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3876 Apr 27 2024 [ 1769 00] ls.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4740 Apr 27 2024 [ 1771 00] lsacpi.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2232 Apr 27 2024 [ 1774 00] lsapm.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1820 Apr 27 2024 [ 1776 00] lsmmap.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4796 Apr 27 2024 [ 1777 00] lspci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3912 Apr 27 2024 [ 1780 00] luks.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14228 Apr 27 2024 [ 1782 00] luks2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8484 Apr 27 2024 [ 1789 00] lvm.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4748 Apr 27 2024 [ 1794 00] lzopio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3192 Apr 27 2024 [ 1797 00] macbless.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7372 Apr 27 2024 [ 1799 00] macho.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2044 Apr 27 2024 [ 1803 00] mda_text.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2104 Apr 27 2024 [ 1804 00] mdraid09.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1964 Apr 27 2024 [ 1806 00] mdraid09_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1868 Apr 27 2024 [ 1807 00] mdraid1x.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1988 Apr 27 2024 [ 1808 00] memdisk.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2792 Apr 27 2024 [ 1809 00] memrw.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3504 Apr 27 2024 [ 1811 00] minicmd.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3604 Apr 27 2024 [ 1813 00] minix.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3732 Apr 27 2024 [ 1815 00] minix2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3864 Apr 27 2024 [ 1817 00] minix2_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3636 Apr 27 2024 [ 1819 00] minix3.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3800 Apr 27 2024 [ 1821 00] minix3_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3732 Apr 27 2024 [ 1823 00] minix_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8528 Apr 27 2024 [ 1825 00] mmap.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5791 Apr 27 2024 [ 1830 00] moddep.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2623 Apr 27 2024 [ 1833 00] modinfo.sh \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2348 Apr 27 2024 [ 1835 00] morse.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 27436 Apr 27 2024 [ 1837 00] mpi.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2396 Apr 27 2024 [ 1851 00] msdospart.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1984 Apr 27 2024 [ 1853 00] mul_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14896 Apr 27 2024 [ 1854 00] multiboot.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15932 Apr 27 2024 [ 1862 00] multiboot2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4148 Apr 27 2024 [ 1870 00] nativedisk.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 58388 Apr 27 2024 [ 1873 00] net.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2804 Apr 27 2024 [ 1902 00] newc.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6744 Apr 27 2024 [ 1904 00] nilfs2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 114820 Apr 27 2024 [ 1908 00] normal.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10580 Apr 27 2024 [ 1965 00] ntfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4252 Apr 27 2024 [ 1971 00] ntfscomp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2504 Apr 27 2024 [ 1974 00] ntldr.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2676 Apr 27 2024 [ 1976 00] odc.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1456 Apr 27 2024 [ 1978 00] offsetio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10324 Apr 27 2024 [ 1979 00] ohci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1588 Apr 27 2024 [ 1985 00] part_acorn.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1812 Apr 27 2024 [ 1986 00] part_amiga.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2052 Apr 27 2024 [ 1987 00] part_apple.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2680 Apr 27 2024 [ 1989 00] part_bsd.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1712 Apr 27 2024 [ 1991 00] part_dfly.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1424 Apr 27 2024 [ 1992 00] part_dvh.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2300 Apr 27 2024 [ 1993 00] part_gpt.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2264 Apr 27 2024 [ 1995 00] part_msdos.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1732 Apr 27 2024 [ 1997 00] part_plan.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1452 Apr 27 2024 [ 1998 00] part_sun.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1588 Apr 27 2024 [ 1999 00] part_sunpc.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 111 Apr 27 2024 [ 2000 00] partmap.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17 Apr 27 2024 [ 2001 00] parttool.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4644 Apr 27 2024 [ 2002 00] parttool.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1820 Apr 27 2024 [ 2005 00] password.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2720 Apr 27 2024 [ 2006 00] password_pbkdf2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4812 Apr 27 2024 [ 2008 00] pata.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1312 Apr 27 2024 [ 2011 00] pbkdf2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2100 Apr 27 2024 [ 2012 00] pbkdf2_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1316 Apr 27 2024 [ 2014 00] pci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2384 Apr 27 2024 [ 2015 00] pcidump.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 11344 Apr 27 2024 [ 2017 00] pgp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7164 Apr 27 2024 [ 2023 00] plainmount.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6292 Apr 27 2024 [ 2027 00] plan9.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2448 Apr 27 2024 [ 2031 00] play.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7988 Apr 27 2024 [ 2033 00] png.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1516 Apr 27 2024 [ 2037 00] priority_queue.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3528 Apr 27 2024 [ 2038 00] probe.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2284 Apr 27 2024 [ 2040 00] procfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2136 Apr 27 2024 [ 2042 00] progress.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3680 Apr 27 2024 [ 2044 00] pxe.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2616 Apr 27 2024 [ 2046 00] pxechain.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1292 Apr 27 2024 [ 2048 00] raid5rec.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2204 Apr 27 2024 [ 2049 00] raid6rec.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3696 Apr 27 2024 [ 2051 00] random.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1848 Apr 27 2024 [ 2053 00] rdmsr.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1688 Apr 27 2024 [ 2054 00] read.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1640 Apr 27 2024 [ 2055 00] reboot.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 50724 Apr 27 2024 [ 2056 00] regexp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8692 Apr 27 2024 [ 2081 00] reiserfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15008 Apr 27 2024 [ 2086 00] relocator.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4084 Apr 27 2024 [ 2094 00] romfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4612 Apr 27 2024 [ 2096 00] scsi.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3700 Apr 27 2024 [ 2099 00] search.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3124 Apr 27 2024 [ 2101 00] search_fs_file.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3188 Apr 27 2024 [ 2103 00] search_fs_uuid.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3120 Apr 27 2024 [ 2105 00] search_label.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7012 Apr 27 2024 [ 2107 00] sendkey.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10000 Apr 27 2024 [ 2111 00] serial.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 628 Apr 27 2024 [ 2116 00] setjmp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1624 Apr 27 2024 [ 2117 00] setjmp_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5232 Apr 27 2024 [ 2118 00] setpci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5116 Apr 27 2024 [ 2121 00] sfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2448 Apr 27 2024 [ 2124 00] shift_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6380 Apr 27 2024 [ 2126 00] signature_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2144 Apr 27 2024 [ 2130 00] sleep.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2268 Apr 27 2024 [ 2132 00] sleep_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5524 Apr 27 2024 [ 2134 00] smbios.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2024 Apr 27 2024 [ 2137 00] spkmodem.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6988 Apr 27 2024 [ 2138 00] squash4.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2112 Apr 27 2024 [ 2142 00] strtoull_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17356 Apr 27 2024 [ 2144 00] syslinuxcfg.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3184 Apr 27 2024 [ 2153 00] tar.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 202 Apr 27 2024 [ 2155 00] terminal.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4432 Apr 27 2024 [ 2156 00] terminal.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 12196 Apr 27 2024 [ 2159 00] terminfo.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4992 Apr 27 2024 [ 2165 00] test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1272 Apr 27 2024 [ 2168 00] test_blockarg.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2740 Apr 27 2024 [ 2169 00] testload.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2264 Apr 27 2024 [ 2171 00] testspeed.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5312 Apr 27 2024 [ 2173 00] tftp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4592 Apr 27 2024 [ 2176 00] tga.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1456 Apr 27 2024 [ 2179 00] time.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2336 Apr 27 2024 [ 2180 00] tr.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1668 Apr 27 2024 [ 2182 00] trig.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1152 Apr 27 2024 [ 2183 00] true.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3564 Apr 27 2024 [ 2184 00] truecrypt.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8716 Apr 27 2024 [ 2186 00] udf.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5236 Apr 27 2024 [ 2191 00] ufs1.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5652 Apr 27 2024 [ 2194 00] ufs1_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5332 Apr 27 2024 [ 2197 00] ufs2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6524 Apr 27 2024 [ 2200 00] uhci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10360 Apr 27 2024 [ 2204 00] usb.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3764 Apr 27 2024 [ 2210 00] usb_keyboard.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6912 Apr 27 2024 [ 2212 00] usbms.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1924 Apr 27 2024 [ 2216 00] usbserial_common.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2296 Apr 27 2024 [ 2217 00] usbserial_ftdi.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2632 Apr 27 2024 [ 2219 00] usbserial_pl2303.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1460 Apr 27 2024 [ 2221 00] usbserial_usbdebug.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3568 Apr 27 2024 [ 2222 00] usbtest.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9724 Apr 27 2024 [ 2224 00] vbe.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2620 Apr 27 2024 [ 2229 00] verifiers.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4932 Apr 27 2024 [ 2231 00] vga.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2140 Apr 27 2024 [ 2234 00] vga_text.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 33 Apr 27 2024 [ 2236 00] video.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5904 Apr 27 2024 [ 2237 00] video.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5588 Apr 27 2024 [ 2240 00] video_bochs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6004 Apr 27 2024 [ 2243 00] video_cirrus.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5568 Apr 27 2024 [ 2246 00] video_colors.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 20856 Apr 27 2024 [ 2249 00] video_fb.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3992 Apr 27 2024 [ 2260 00] videoinfo.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4216 Apr 27 2024 [ 2262 00] videotest.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2280 Apr 27 2024 [ 2265 00] videotest_checksum.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1448 Apr 27 2024 [ 2267 00] wrmsr.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8012 Apr 27 2024 [ 2268 00] xfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 27340 Apr 27 2024 [ 2272 00] xnu.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2084 Apr 27 2024 [ 2286 00] xnu_uuid.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1924 Apr 27 2024 [ 2288 00] xnu_uuid_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15008 Apr 27 2024 [ 2289 00] xzio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 40048 Apr 27 2024 [ 2297 00] zfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5424 Apr 27 2024 [ 2317 00] zfscrypt.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6484 Apr 27 2024 [ 2320 00] zfsinfo.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 45660 Apr 27 2024 [ 2324 00] zstd.mod \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 May 31 2025 [ 24 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7812 May 31 2025 [ 1228 00] 915resolution.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10604 May 31 2025 [ 1232 00] acpi.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1228 May 31 2025 [ 1238 00] adler32.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5584 May 31 2025 [ 1239 00] affs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6028 May 31 2025 [ 1242 00] afs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1492 May 31 2025 [ 1245 00] afsplitter.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15616 May 31 2025 [ 1246 00] ahci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 492 May 31 2025 [ 1254 00] all_video.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 956 May 31 2025 [ 1255 00] aout.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2936 May 31 2025 [ 1256 00] archelp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4140 May 31 2025 [ 1258 00] at_keyboard.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5524 May 31 2025 [ 1261 00] ata.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1576 May 31 2025 [ 1264 00] backtrace.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6736 May 31 2025 [ 1265 00] bfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4628 May 31 2025 [ 1269 00] biosdisk.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2188 May 31 2025 [ 1272 00] bitmap.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3604 May 31 2025 [ 1274 00] bitmap_scale.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2028 May 31 2025 [ 1276 00] blocklist.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2628 May 31 2025 [ 1277 00] boot.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 31160 May 31 2025 [ 1279 00] bsd.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2252 May 31 2025 [ 1295 00] bswap_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 19616 May 31 2025 [ 1297 00] btrfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2096 May 31 2025 [ 1307 00] bufio.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2852 May 31 2025 [ 1309 00] cat.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3860 May 31 2025 [ 1311 00] cbfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3340 May 31 2025 [ 1313 00] cbls.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2448 May 31 2025 [ 1315 00] cbmemc.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1048 May 31 2025 [ 1317 00] cbtable.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2772 May 31 2025 [ 1318 00] cbtime.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3396 May 31 2025 [ 1320 00] chain.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2960 May 31 2025 [ 1322 00] cmdline_cat_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1164 May 31 2025 [ 1324 00] cmosdump.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1820 May 31 2025 [ 1325 00] cmostest.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2224 May 31 2025 [ 1326 00] cmp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4608 May 31 2025 [ 1328 00] cmp_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3931 May 31 2025 [ 1331 00] command.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2204 May 31 2025 [ 1333 00] configfile.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2612 May 31 2025 [ 1335 00] cpio.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2680 May 31 2025 [ 1337 00] cpio_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1664 May 31 2025 [ 1339 00] cpuid.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1572 May 31 2025 [ 1340 00] crc64.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 936 May 31 2025 [ 1341 00] crypto.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4916 May 31 2025 [ 1342 00] crypto.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14636 May 31 2025 [ 1345 00] cryptodisk.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3588 May 31 2025 [ 1353 00] cs5536.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1684 May 31 2025 [ 1355 00] ctz_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2116 May 31 2025 [ 1356 00] date.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1716 May 31 2025 [ 1358 00] datehook.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2148 May 31 2025 [ 1359 00] datetime.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2300 May 31 2025 [ 1361 00] disk.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9868 May 31 2025 [ 1363 00] diskfilter.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 956 May 31 2025 [ 1368 00] div.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5560 May 31 2025 [ 1369 00] div_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1768 May 31 2025 [ 1372 00] dm_nv.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5284 May 31 2025 [ 1373 00] drivemap.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1896 May 31 2025 [ 1376 00] echo.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 23720 May 31 2025 [ 1377 00] efiemu.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7608 May 31 2025 [ 1389 00] efiemu32.o \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10912 May 31 2025 [ 1393 00] efiemu64.o \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 16128 May 31 2025 [ 1399 00] ehci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5728 May 31 2025 [ 1407 00] elf.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 30949 May 31 2025 [ 1410 00] eltorito.img \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1368 May 31 2025 [ 1426 00] eval.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5872 May 31 2025 [ 1427 00] exfat.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1380 May 31 2025 [ 1430 00] exfctest.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6052 May 31 2025 [ 1431 00] ext2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4608 May 31 2025 [ 1434 00] extcmd.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6452 May 31 2025 [ 1437 00] f2fs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6048 May 31 2025 [ 1441 00] fat.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17140 May 31 2025 [ 1444 00] file.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 13512 May 31 2025 [ 1453 00] font.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2612 May 31 2025 [ 1460 00] freedos.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 219 May 31 2025 [ 1462 00] fs.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2924 May 31 2025 [ 1463 00] fshelp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 34168 May 31 2025 [ 1465 00] functional_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1580 May 31 2025 [ 1482 00] gcry_arcfour.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8000 May 31 2025 [ 1483 00] gcry_blowfish.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 33516 May 31 2025 [ 1487 00] gcry_camellia.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 16356 May 31 2025 [ 1504 00] gcry_cast5.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10532 May 31 2025 [ 1512 00] gcry_crc.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 19136 May 31 2025 [ 1518 00] gcry_des.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2188 May 31 2025 [ 1528 00] gcry_dsa.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2884 May 31 2025 [ 1530 00] gcry_idea.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3048 May 31 2025 [ 1532 00] gcry_md4.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3668 May 31 2025 [ 1534 00] gcry_md5.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2316 May 31 2025 [ 1536 00] gcry_rfc2268.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 19312 May 31 2025 [ 1538 00] gcry_rijndael.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8248 May 31 2025 [ 1548 00] gcry_rmd160.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1968 May 31 2025 [ 1553 00] gcry_rsa.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14792 May 31 2025 [ 1554 00] gcry_seed.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17764 May 31 2025 [ 1562 00] gcry_serpent.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8592 May 31 2025 [ 1571 00] gcry_sha1.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4376 May 31 2025 [ 1576 00] gcry_sha256.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7908 May 31 2025 [ 1579 00] gcry_sha512.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 12180 May 31 2025 [ 1583 00] gcry_tiger.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 36816 May 31 2025 [ 1589 00] gcry_twofish.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 24588 May 31 2025 [ 1607 00] gcry_whirlpool.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 25124 May 31 2025 [ 1620 00] gdb.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5552 May 31 2025 [ 1633 00] geli.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4828 May 31 2025 [ 1636 00] gettext.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 38952 May 31 2025 [ 1639 00] gfxmenu.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9892 May 31 2025 [ 1659 00] gfxterm.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2796 May 31 2025 [ 1664 00] gfxterm_background.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4912 May 31 2025 [ 1666 00] gfxterm_menu.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3716 May 31 2025 [ 1669 00] gptsync.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8752 May 31 2025 [ 1671 00] gzio.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4640 May 31 2025 [ 1676 00] halt.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5168 May 31 2025 [ 1679 00] hashsum.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6512 May 31 2025 [ 1682 00] hdparm.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1140 May 31 2025 [ 1686 00] hello.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2592 May 31 2025 [ 1687 00] help.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3072 May 31 2025 [ 1689 00] hexdump.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6924 May 31 2025 [ 1691 00] hfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8104 May 31 2025 [ 1695 00] hfsplus.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2960 May 31 2025 [ 1699 00] hfspluscomp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5824 May 31 2025 [ 1701 00] http.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2452 May 31 2025 [ 1704 00] hwmatch.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2800 May 31 2025 [ 1706 00] iorw.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9096 May 31 2025 [ 1708 00] iso9660.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6124 May 31 2025 [ 1713 00] jfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7728 May 31 2025 [ 1716 00] jpeg.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4244 May 31 2025 [ 1720 00] json.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4976 May 31 2025 [ 1723 00] keylayouts.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1840 May 31 2025 [ 1726 00] keystatus.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6244 May 31 2025 [ 1727 00] ldm.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14404 May 31 2025 [ 1731 00] legacy_password_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 30100 May 31 2025 [ 1739 00] legacycfg.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 13540 May 31 2025 [ 1754 00] linux.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5516 May 31 2025 [ 1761 00] linux16.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5748 May 31 2025 [ 1764 00] loadenv.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3052 May 31 2025 [ 1767 00] loopback.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3876 May 31 2025 [ 1769 00] ls.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4740 May 31 2025 [ 1771 00] lsacpi.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2232 May 31 2025 [ 1774 00] lsapm.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1820 May 31 2025 [ 1776 00] lsmmap.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4796 May 31 2025 [ 1777 00] lspci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3912 May 31 2025 [ 1780 00] luks.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14228 May 31 2025 [ 1782 00] luks2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8484 May 31 2025 [ 1789 00] lvm.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4748 May 31 2025 [ 1794 00] lzopio.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3192 May 31 2025 [ 1797 00] macbless.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7372 May 31 2025 [ 1799 00] macho.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2044 May 31 2025 [ 1803 00] mda_text.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2104 May 31 2025 [ 1804 00] mdraid09.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1964 May 31 2025 [ 1806 00] mdraid09_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1868 May 31 2025 [ 1807 00] mdraid1x.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1988 May 31 2025 [ 1808 00] memdisk.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2792 May 31 2025 [ 1809 00] memrw.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3504 May 31 2025 [ 1811 00] minicmd.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3604 May 31 2025 [ 1813 00] minix.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3732 May 31 2025 [ 1815 00] minix2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3864 May 31 2025 [ 1817 00] minix2_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3636 May 31 2025 [ 1819 00] minix3.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3800 May 31 2025 [ 1821 00] minix3_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3732 May 31 2025 [ 1823 00] minix_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8528 May 31 2025 [ 1825 00] mmap.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5791 May 31 2025 [ 1830 00] moddep.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2621 May 31 2025 [ 1833 00] modinfo.sh \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2348 May 31 2025 [ 1835 00] morse.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 27436 May 31 2025 [ 1837 00] mpi.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2396 May 31 2025 [ 1851 00] msdospart.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1984 May 31 2025 [ 1853 00] mul_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14896 May 31 2025 [ 1854 00] multiboot.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15932 May 31 2025 [ 1862 00] multiboot2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4148 May 31 2025 [ 1870 00] nativedisk.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 58388 May 31 2025 [ 1873 00] net.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2804 May 31 2025 [ 1902 00] newc.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6744 May 31 2025 [ 1904 00] nilfs2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 114820 May 31 2025 [ 1908 00] normal.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10580 May 31 2025 [ 1965 00] ntfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4252 May 31 2025 [ 1971 00] ntfscomp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2504 May 31 2025 [ 1974 00] ntldr.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2676 May 31 2025 [ 1976 00] odc.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1456 May 31 2025 [ 1978 00] offsetio.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10324 May 31 2025 [ 1979 00] ohci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1588 May 31 2025 [ 1985 00] part_acorn.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1812 May 31 2025 [ 1986 00] part_amiga.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2052 May 31 2025 [ 1987 00] part_apple.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2680 May 31 2025 [ 1989 00] part_bsd.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1712 May 31 2025 [ 1991 00] part_dfly.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1424 May 31 2025 [ 1992 00] part_dvh.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2300 May 31 2025 [ 1993 00] part_gpt.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2264 May 31 2025 [ 1995 00] part_msdos.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1732 May 31 2025 [ 1997 00] part_plan.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1452 May 31 2025 [ 1998 00] part_sun.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1588 May 31 2025 [ 1999 00] part_sunpc.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 111 May 31 2025 [ 2000 00] partmap.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17 May 31 2025 [ 2001 00] parttool.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4644 May 31 2025 [ 2002 00] parttool.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1820 May 31 2025 [ 2005 00] password.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2720 May 31 2025 [ 2006 00] password_pbkdf2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4812 May 31 2025 [ 2008 00] pata.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1312 May 31 2025 [ 2011 00] pbkdf2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2100 May 31 2025 [ 2012 00] pbkdf2_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1316 May 31 2025 [ 2014 00] pci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2384 May 31 2025 [ 2015 00] pcidump.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 11344 May 31 2025 [ 2017 00] pgp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7164 May 31 2025 [ 2023 00] plainmount.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6292 May 31 2025 [ 2027 00] plan9.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2448 May 31 2025 [ 2031 00] play.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7988 May 31 2025 [ 2033 00] png.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1516 May 31 2025 [ 2037 00] priority_queue.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3528 May 31 2025 [ 2038 00] probe.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2284 May 31 2025 [ 2040 00] procfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2136 May 31 2025 [ 2042 00] progress.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3680 May 31 2025 [ 2044 00] pxe.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2616 May 31 2025 [ 2046 00] pxechain.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1292 May 31 2025 [ 2048 00] raid5rec.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2204 May 31 2025 [ 2049 00] raid6rec.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3696 May 31 2025 [ 2051 00] random.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1848 May 31 2025 [ 2053 00] rdmsr.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1688 May 31 2025 [ 2054 00] read.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1640 May 31 2025 [ 2055 00] reboot.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 50724 May 31 2025 [ 2056 00] regexp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8692 May 31 2025 [ 2081 00] reiserfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15008 May 31 2025 [ 2086 00] relocator.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4084 May 31 2025 [ 2094 00] romfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4612 May 31 2025 [ 2096 00] scsi.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3700 May 31 2025 [ 2099 00] search.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3124 May 31 2025 [ 2101 00] search_fs_file.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3188 May 31 2025 [ 2103 00] search_fs_uuid.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3120 May 31 2025 [ 2105 00] search_label.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7012 May 31 2025 [ 2107 00] sendkey.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10000 May 31 2025 [ 2111 00] serial.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 628 May 31 2025 [ 2116 00] setjmp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1624 May 31 2025 [ 2117 00] setjmp_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5232 May 31 2025 [ 2118 00] setpci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5116 May 31 2025 [ 2121 00] sfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2448 May 31 2025 [ 2124 00] shift_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6380 May 31 2025 [ 2126 00] signature_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2144 May 31 2025 [ 2130 00] sleep.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2268 May 31 2025 [ 2132 00] sleep_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5524 May 31 2025 [ 2134 00] smbios.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2024 May 31 2025 [ 2137 00] spkmodem.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6988 May 31 2025 [ 2138 00] squash4.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2112 May 31 2025 [ 2142 00] strtoull_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17356 May 31 2025 [ 2144 00] syslinuxcfg.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3184 May 31 2025 [ 2153 00] tar.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 202 May 31 2025 [ 2155 00] terminal.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4432 May 31 2025 [ 2156 00] terminal.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 12196 May 31 2025 [ 2159 00] terminfo.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4992 May 31 2025 [ 2165 00] test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1272 May 31 2025 [ 2168 00] test_blockarg.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2740 May 31 2025 [ 2169 00] testload.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2264 May 31 2025 [ 2171 00] testspeed.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5312 May 31 2025 [ 2173 00] tftp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4592 May 31 2025 [ 2176 00] tga.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1456 May 31 2025 [ 2179 00] time.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2336 May 31 2025 [ 2180 00] tr.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1668 May 31 2025 [ 2182 00] trig.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1152 May 31 2025 [ 2183 00] true.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3564 May 31 2025 [ 2184 00] truecrypt.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8716 May 31 2025 [ 2186 00] udf.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5236 May 31 2025 [ 2191 00] ufs1.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5652 May 31 2025 [ 2194 00] ufs1_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5332 May 31 2025 [ 2197 00] ufs2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6524 May 31 2025 [ 2200 00] uhci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10360 May 31 2025 [ 2204 00] usb.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3764 May 31 2025 [ 2210 00] usb_keyboard.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6912 May 31 2025 [ 2212 00] usbms.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1924 May 31 2025 [ 2216 00] usbserial_common.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2296 May 31 2025 [ 2217 00] usbserial_ftdi.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2632 May 31 2025 [ 2219 00] usbserial_pl2303.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1460 May 31 2025 [ 2221 00] usbserial_usbdebug.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3568 May 31 2025 [ 2222 00] usbtest.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9724 May 31 2025 [ 2224 00] vbe.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2620 May 31 2025 [ 2229 00] verifiers.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4932 May 31 2025 [ 2231 00] vga.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2140 May 31 2025 [ 2234 00] vga_text.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 33 May 31 2025 [ 2236 00] video.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5904 May 31 2025 [ 2237 00] video.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5588 May 31 2025 [ 2240 00] video_bochs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6004 May 31 2025 [ 2243 00] video_cirrus.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5568 May 31 2025 [ 2246 00] video_colors.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 20856 May 31 2025 [ 2249 00] video_fb.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3992 May 31 2025 [ 2260 00] videoinfo.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4216 May 31 2025 [ 2262 00] videotest.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2280 May 31 2025 [ 2265 00] videotest_checksum.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1448 May 31 2025 [ 2267 00] wrmsr.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8012 May 31 2025 [ 2268 00] xfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 27340 May 31 2025 [ 2272 00] xnu.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2084 May 31 2025 [ 2286 00] xnu_uuid.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1924 May 31 2025 [ 2288 00] xnu_uuid_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15008 May 31 2025 [ 2289 00] xzio.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 40048 May 31 2025 [ 2297 00] zfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5424 May 31 2025 [ 2317 00] zfscrypt.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6484 May 31 2025 [ 2320 00] zfsinfo.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 45660 May 31 2025 [ 2324 00] zstd.mod \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/locale/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 43 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 43 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/roms/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 44 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 44 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n"}, {"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,298 +1,298 @@\n-dr-xr-xr-x 3 0 0 2048 2024-04-27 19:38:24.000000 .\n-dr-xr-xr-x 3 0 0 2048 2024-04-27 19:38:30.000000 boot\n-dr-xr-xr-x 6 0 0 2048 2024-04-27 19:38:30.000000 boot/grub\n-dr-xr-xr-x 2 0 0 2048 2024-04-27 19:38:30.000000 boot/grub/fonts\n-dr-xr-xr-x 2 0 0 38912 2024-04-27 19:38:30.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc\n-dr-xr-xr-x 2 0 0 2048 2024-04-27 19:38:30.000000 boot/grub/locale\n-dr-xr-xr-x 2 0 0 2048 2024-04-27 19:38:30.000000 boot/grub/roms\n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2048 2024-04-27 19:38:30.000000 boot.catalog\n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2411806 2024-04-27 19:38:30.000000 boot/grub/fonts/unicode.pf2\n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 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boot/grub/i386-pc/reboot.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 50724 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/regexp.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8692 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/reiserfs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15008 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/relocator.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4084 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/romfs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4612 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/scsi.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3700 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/search.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3124 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/search_fs_file.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3188 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/search_fs_uuid.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3120 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/search_label.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7012 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/sendkey.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10000 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/serial.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 628 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/setjmp.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1624 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/setjmp_test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5232 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/setpci.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5116 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/sfs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2448 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/shift_test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6380 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/signature_test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2144 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/sleep.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2268 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/sleep_test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5524 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/smbios.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2024 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/spkmodem.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6988 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/squash4.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2112 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/strtoull_test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17356 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/syslinuxcfg.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3184 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/tar.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 202 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/terminal.lst\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4432 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/terminal.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 12196 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/terminfo.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4992 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1272 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/test_blockarg.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2740 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/testload.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2264 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/testspeed.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5312 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/tftp.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4592 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/tga.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1456 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/time.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2336 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/tr.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1668 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/trig.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1152 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/true.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3564 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/truecrypt.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8716 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/udf.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5236 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/ufs1.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5652 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/ufs1_be.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5332 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/ufs2.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6524 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/uhci.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10360 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usb.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3764 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usb_keyboard.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6912 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbms.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1924 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbserial_common.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2296 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbserial_ftdi.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2632 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbserial_pl2303.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1460 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbserial_usbdebug.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3568 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbtest.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9724 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/vbe.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2620 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/verifiers.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4932 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/vga.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2140 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/vga_text.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 33 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video.lst\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5904 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5588 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_bochs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6004 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_cirrus.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5568 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_colors.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 20856 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_fb.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3992 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/videoinfo.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4216 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/videotest.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2280 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/videotest_checksum.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1448 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/wrmsr.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8012 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xfs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 27340 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xnu.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2084 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xnu_uuid.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1924 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xnu_uuid_test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15008 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xzio.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 40048 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zfs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5424 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zfscrypt.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6484 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zfsinfo.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 45660 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zstd.mod\n"}, {"source1": "boot/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh", "source2": "boot/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=pc\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub-rescue/grub-rescue-floppy.img", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub-rescue/grub-rescue-floppy.img", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "isoinfo -l -i {}", "source2": "isoinfo -l -i {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,324 +1,324 @@\n \n Directory listing of /\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 19 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 19 02] .. \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 21 02] boot \n----------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 48 00] boot.cat;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 19 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 21 02] boot \n+---------- 0 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 48 00] boot.cat;1 \n \n Directory listing of /boot/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 21 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 19 02] .. \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 22 02] grub \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 21 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 22 02] grub \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 22 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 21 02] .. \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 23 02] fonts \n----------- 0 0 0 1705 Apr 27 2024 [ 49 00] grub.cfg;1 \n-d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Apr 27 2024 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 43 02] locale \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 44 02] roms \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 22 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 21 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 23 02] fonts \n+---------- 0 0 0 1705 May 31 2025 [ 49 00] grub.cfg;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 38912 May 31 2025 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 43 02] locale \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 44 02] roms \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/fonts/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 23 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 23 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/i386-pc/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Apr 27 2024 [ 24 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n----------- 0 0 0 3592 Apr 27 2024 [ 50 00] 915resol.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4332 Apr 27 2024 [ 52 00] acpi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 548 Apr 27 2024 [ 55 00] adler32.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2636 Apr 27 2024 [ 56 00] affs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3180 Apr 27 2024 [ 58 00] afs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 808 Apr 27 2024 [ 60 00] afsplitt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5016 Apr 27 2024 [ 61 00] ahci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 236 Apr 27 2024 [ 64 00] all_vide.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 496 Apr 27 2024 [ 65 00] aout.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1584 Apr 27 2024 [ 66 00] archelp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2016 Apr 27 2024 [ 67 00] at_keybo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2668 Apr 27 2024 [ 68 00] ata.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 752 Apr 27 2024 [ 70 00] backtrac.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3596 Apr 27 2024 [ 71 00] bfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2520 Apr 27 2024 [ 73 00] biosdisk.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1152 Apr 27 2024 [ 75 00] bitmap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2020 Apr 27 2024 [ 76 00] bitmap_s.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1100 Apr 27 2024 [ 77 00] blocklis.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1184 Apr 27 2024 [ 78 00] boot.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 12504 Apr 27 2024 [ 79 00] bsd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1016 Apr 27 2024 [ 86 00] bswap_te.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9136 Apr 27 2024 [ 87 00] btrfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1108 Apr 27 2024 [ 92 00] bufio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1352 Apr 27 2024 [ 93 00] cat.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1840 Apr 27 2024 [ 94 00] cbfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1180 Apr 27 2024 [ 95 00] cbls.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 976 Apr 27 2024 [ 96 00] cbmemc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 540 Apr 27 2024 [ 97 00] cbtable.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1112 Apr 27 2024 [ 98 00] cbtime.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1572 Apr 27 2024 [ 99 00] chain.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1160 Apr 27 2024 [ 100 00] cmdline_.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 564 Apr 27 2024 [ 101 00] cmosdump.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 856 Apr 27 2024 [ 102 00] cmostest.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1008 Apr 27 2024 [ 103 00] cmp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1784 Apr 27 2024 [ 104 00] cmp_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1472 Apr 27 2024 [ 105 00] command.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 848 Apr 27 2024 [ 106 00] configfi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1248 Apr 27 2024 [ 107 00] cpio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1292 Apr 27 2024 [ 108 00] cpio_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 728 Apr 27 2024 [ 109 00] cpuid.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 800 Apr 27 2024 [ 110 00] crc64.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 416 Apr 27 2024 [ 111 00] crypto.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2328 Apr 27 2024 [ 112 00] crypto.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6704 Apr 27 2024 [ 114 00] cryptodi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1480 Apr 27 2024 [ 118 00] cs5536.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 812 Apr 27 2024 [ 119 00] ctz_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1020 Apr 27 2024 [ 120 00] date.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 700 Apr 27 2024 [ 121 00] datehook.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1104 Apr 27 2024 [ 122 00] datetime.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1268 Apr 27 2024 [ 123 00] disk.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5344 Apr 27 2024 [ 124 00] diskfilt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 504 Apr 27 2024 [ 127 00] div.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2244 Apr 27 2024 [ 128 00] div_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 844 Apr 27 2024 [ 130 00] dm_nv.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2388 Apr 27 2024 [ 131 00] drivemap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 888 Apr 27 2024 [ 133 00] echo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9360 Apr 27 2024 [ 134 00] efiemu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3172 Apr 27 2024 [ 139 00] efiemu32.o;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3688 Apr 27 2024 [ 141 00] efiemu64.o;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6048 Apr 27 2024 [ 143 00] ehci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2408 Apr 27 2024 [ 146 00] elf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 47901 Apr 27 2024 [ 148 00] eltorito.img;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 652 Apr 27 2024 [ 172 00] eval.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3300 Apr 27 2024 [ 173 00] exfat.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 556 Apr 27 2024 [ 175 00] exfctest.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3192 Apr 27 2024 [ 176 00] ext2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2408 Apr 27 2024 [ 178 00] extcmd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3380 Apr 27 2024 [ 180 00] f2fs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3560 Apr 27 2024 [ 182 00] fat.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5836 Apr 27 2024 [ 184 00] file.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6540 Apr 27 2024 [ 187 00] font.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1160 Apr 27 2024 [ 191 00] freedos.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 204 Apr 27 2024 [ 192 00] fs.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1772 Apr 27 2024 [ 193 00] fshelp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8456 Apr 27 2024 [ 194 00] function.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 788 Apr 27 2024 [ 199 00] gcry_arc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5500 Apr 27 2024 [ 200 00] gcry_blo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8408 Apr 27 2024 [ 203 00] gcry_cam.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10640 Apr 27 2024 [ 208 00] gcry_cas.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8608 Apr 27 2024 [ 214 00] gcry_crc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4064 Apr 27 2024 [ 219 00] gcry_des.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 936 Apr 27 2024 [ 221 00] gcry_dsa.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1508 Apr 27 2024 [ 222 00] gcry_ide.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1440 Apr 27 2024 [ 223 00] gcry_md4.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1828 Apr 27 2024 [ 224 00] gcry_md5.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1312 Apr 27 2024 [ 225 00] gcry_rfc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7608 Apr 27 2024 [ 226 00] gcry_rij.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2732 Apr 27 2024 [ 230 00] gcry_rmd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 880 Apr 27 2024 [ 232 00] gcry_rsa.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4500 Apr 27 2024 [ 233 00] gcry_see.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5392 Apr 27 2024 [ 236 00] gcry_ser.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3168 Apr 27 2024 [ 239 00] gcry_sh0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2084 Apr 27 2024 [ 241 00] gcry_sh1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3012 Apr 27 2024 [ 243 00] gcry_sh2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10224 Apr 27 2024 [ 245 00] gcry_tig.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9844 Apr 27 2024 [ 250 00] gcry_two.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6100 Apr 27 2024 [ 255 00] gcry_whi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3756 Apr 27 2024 [ 258 00] gdb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2524 Apr 27 2024 [ 260 00] geli.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2112 Apr 27 2024 [ 262 00] gettext.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 15492 Apr 27 2024 [ 264 00] gfxmenu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3900 Apr 27 2024 [ 272 00] gfxterm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1124 Apr 27 2024 [ 274 00] gfxterm0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1848 Apr 27 2024 [ 275 00] gfxterm1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1808 Apr 27 2024 [ 276 00] gptsync.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4484 Apr 27 2024 [ 277 00] gzio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2180 Apr 27 2024 [ 280 00] halt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2128 Apr 27 2024 [ 282 00] hashsum.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2884 Apr 27 2024 [ 284 00] hdparm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 492 Apr 27 2024 [ 286 00] hello.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1268 Apr 27 2024 [ 287 00] help.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1444 Apr 27 2024 [ 288 00] hexdump.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3756 Apr 27 2024 [ 289 00] hfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4136 Apr 27 2024 [ 291 00] hfsplus.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1536 Apr 27 2024 [ 294 00] hfsplusc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2724 Apr 27 2024 [ 295 00] http.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1168 Apr 27 2024 [ 297 00] hwmatch.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1128 Apr 27 2024 [ 298 00] iorw.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4656 Apr 27 2024 [ 299 00] iso9660.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3324 Apr 27 2024 [ 302 00] jfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3960 Apr 27 2024 [ 304 00] jpeg.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2512 Apr 27 2024 [ 306 00] json.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1396 Apr 27 2024 [ 308 00] keylayou.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 764 Apr 27 2024 [ 309 00] keystatu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2904 Apr 27 2024 [ 310 00] ldm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 908 Apr 27 2024 [ 312 00] legacy_p.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 11044 Apr 27 2024 [ 313 00] legacycf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6160 Apr 27 2024 [ 319 00] linux.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2620 Apr 27 2024 [ 323 00] linux16.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2808 Apr 27 2024 [ 325 00] loadenv.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1368 Apr 27 2024 [ 327 00] loopback.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1668 Apr 27 2024 [ 328 00] ls.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2068 Apr 27 2024 [ 329 00] lsacpi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 972 Apr 27 2024 [ 331 00] lsapm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 804 Apr 27 2024 [ 332 00] lsmmap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1772 Apr 27 2024 [ 333 00] lspci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1816 Apr 27 2024 [ 334 00] luks.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5868 Apr 27 2024 [ 335 00] luks2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3892 Apr 27 2024 [ 338 00] lvm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2596 Apr 27 2024 [ 340 00] lzopio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1572 Apr 27 2024 [ 342 00] macbless.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3208 Apr 27 2024 [ 343 00] macho.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 988 Apr 27 2024 [ 345 00] mda_text.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 936 Apr 27 2024 [ 346 00] mdraid00.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 960 Apr 27 2024 [ 347 00] mdraid01.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 904 Apr 27 2024 [ 348 00] mdraid1x.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 892 Apr 27 2024 [ 349 00] memdisk.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1124 Apr 27 2024 [ 350 00] memrw.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1540 Apr 27 2024 [ 351 00] minicmd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1996 Apr 27 2024 [ 352 00] minix.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2080 Apr 27 2024 [ 353 00] minix2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2148 Apr 27 2024 [ 355 00] minix2_b.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2036 Apr 27 2024 [ 357 00] minix3.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2108 Apr 27 2024 [ 358 00] minix3_b.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2068 Apr 27 2024 [ 360 00] minix_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4180 Apr 27 2024 [ 362 00] mmap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2124 Apr 27 2024 [ 365 00] moddep.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1284 Apr 27 2024 [ 367 00] modinfo.sh;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 708 Apr 27 2024 [ 368 00] morse.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 12552 Apr 27 2024 [ 369 00] mpi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1080 Apr 27 2024 [ 376 00] msdospar.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 932 Apr 27 2024 [ 377 00] mul_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6644 Apr 27 2024 [ 378 00] multibo0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7032 Apr 27 2024 [ 382 00] multibo1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1916 Apr 27 2024 [ 386 00] nativedi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 25172 Apr 27 2024 [ 387 00] net.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1364 Apr 27 2024 [ 400 00] newc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3352 Apr 27 2024 [ 401 00] nilfs2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 44596 Apr 27 2024 [ 403 00] normal.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5692 Apr 27 2024 [ 425 00] ntfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2436 Apr 27 2024 [ 428 00] ntfscomp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1072 Apr 27 2024 [ 430 00] ntldr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1284 Apr 27 2024 [ 431 00] odc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 680 Apr 27 2024 [ 432 00] offsetio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4444 Apr 27 2024 [ 433 00] ohci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 812 Apr 27 2024 [ 436 00] part_aco.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 896 Apr 27 2024 [ 437 00] part_ami.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 976 Apr 27 2024 [ 438 00] part_app.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1272 Apr 27 2024 [ 439 00] part_bsd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 860 Apr 27 2024 [ 440 00] part_dfl.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 704 Apr 27 2024 [ 441 00] part_dvh.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1104 Apr 27 2024 [ 442 00] part_gpt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1192 Apr 27 2024 [ 443 00] part_msd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 828 Apr 27 2024 [ 444 00] part_pla.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 736 Apr 27 2024 [ 445 00] part_su0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 772 Apr 27 2024 [ 446 00] part_su1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 116 Apr 27 2024 [ 447 00] partmap.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 68 Apr 27 2024 [ 448 00] parttool.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2052 Apr 27 2024 [ 449 00] parttool.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 832 Apr 27 2024 [ 451 00] passwor0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1292 Apr 27 2024 [ 452 00] passwor1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2344 Apr 27 2024 [ 453 00] pata.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 684 Apr 27 2024 [ 455 00] pbkdf2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 928 Apr 27 2024 [ 456 00] pbkdf2_t.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 720 Apr 27 2024 [ 457 00] pci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1108 Apr 27 2024 [ 458 00] pcidump.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4728 Apr 27 2024 [ 459 00] pgp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3060 Apr 27 2024 [ 462 00] plainmou.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3032 Apr 27 2024 [ 464 00] plan9.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1208 Apr 27 2024 [ 466 00] play.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4092 Apr 27 2024 [ 467 00] png.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 800 Apr 27 2024 [ 469 00] priority.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1468 Apr 27 2024 [ 470 00] probe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 956 Apr 27 2024 [ 471 00] procfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1104 Apr 27 2024 [ 472 00] progress.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1548 Apr 27 2024 [ 473 00] pxe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1136 Apr 27 2024 [ 474 00] pxechain.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 696 Apr 27 2024 [ 475 00] raid5rec.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1216 Apr 27 2024 [ 476 00] raid6rec.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1776 Apr 27 2024 [ 477 00] random.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 848 Apr 27 2024 [ 478 00] rdmsr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 736 Apr 27 2024 [ 479 00] read.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 736 Apr 27 2024 [ 480 00] reboot.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 26892 Apr 27 2024 [ 481 00] regexp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4260 Apr 27 2024 [ 495 00] reiserfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6692 Apr 27 2024 [ 498 00] relocato.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2156 Apr 27 2024 [ 502 00] romfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2288 Apr 27 2024 [ 504 00] scsi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1420 Apr 27 2024 [ 506 00] search.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1508 Apr 27 2024 [ 507 00] search_0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1608 Apr 27 2024 [ 508 00] search_1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1516 Apr 27 2024 [ 509 00] search_l.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2544 Apr 27 2024 [ 510 00] sendkey.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4256 Apr 27 2024 [ 512 00] serial.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 300 Apr 27 2024 [ 515 00] setjmp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 676 Apr 27 2024 [ 516 00] setjmp_t.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2152 Apr 27 2024 [ 517 00] setpci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2592 Apr 27 2024 [ 519 00] sfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1156 Apr 27 2024 [ 521 00] shift_te.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4268 Apr 27 2024 [ 522 00] signatur.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 912 Apr 27 2024 [ 525 00] sleep.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1112 Apr 27 2024 [ 526 00] sleep_te.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2328 Apr 27 2024 [ 527 00] smbios.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 804 Apr 27 2024 [ 529 00] spkmodem.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3752 Apr 27 2024 [ 530 00] squash4.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 916 Apr 27 2024 [ 532 00] strtoull.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7156 Apr 27 2024 [ 533 00] syslinux.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1536 Apr 27 2024 [ 537 00] tar.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 164 Apr 27 2024 [ 538 00] terminal.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1760 Apr 27 2024 [ 539 00] terminal.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5112 Apr 27 2024 [ 540 00] terminfo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2204 Apr 27 2024 [ 543 00] test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 576 Apr 27 2024 [ 545 00] test_blo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1236 Apr 27 2024 [ 546 00] testload.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1024 Apr 27 2024 [ 547 00] testspee.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2300 Apr 27 2024 [ 548 00] tftp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1792 Apr 27 2024 [ 550 00] tga.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 684 Apr 27 2024 [ 551 00] time.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1080 Apr 27 2024 [ 552 00] tr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 788 Apr 27 2024 [ 553 00] trig.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 500 Apr 27 2024 [ 554 00] true.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1544 Apr 27 2024 [ 555 00] truecryp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4476 Apr 27 2024 [ 556 00] udf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2604 Apr 27 2024 [ 559 00] ufs1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2808 Apr 27 2024 [ 561 00] ufs1_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2708 Apr 27 2024 [ 563 00] ufs2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2968 Apr 27 2024 [ 565 00] uhci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5176 Apr 27 2024 [ 567 00] usb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1804 Apr 27 2024 [ 570 00] usb_keyb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2820 Apr 27 2024 [ 571 00] usbms.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 960 Apr 27 2024 [ 573 00] usbseri0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1004 Apr 27 2024 [ 574 00] usbseri1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1056 Apr 27 2024 [ 575 00] usbseri2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 616 Apr 27 2024 [ 576 00] usbseri3.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1756 Apr 27 2024 [ 577 00] usbtest.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4096 Apr 27 2024 [ 578 00] vbe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1280 Apr 27 2024 [ 580 00] verifier.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1892 Apr 27 2024 [ 581 00] vga.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1020 Apr 27 2024 [ 582 00] vga_text.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 84 Apr 27 2024 [ 583 00] video.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2288 Apr 27 2024 [ 584 00] video.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2136 Apr 27 2024 [ 586 00] video_bo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2348 Apr 27 2024 [ 588 00] video_ci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2232 Apr 27 2024 [ 590 00] video_co.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9312 Apr 27 2024 [ 592 00] video_fb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1704 Apr 27 2024 [ 597 00] videoinf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1652 Apr 27 2024 [ 598 00] videote0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 884 Apr 27 2024 [ 599 00] videote1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 724 Apr 27 2024 [ 600 00] wrmsr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4004 Apr 27 2024 [ 601 00] xfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 11276 Apr 27 2024 [ 603 00] xnu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 972 Apr 27 2024 [ 609 00] xnu_uui0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 808 Apr 27 2024 [ 610 00] xnu_uui1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7940 Apr 27 2024 [ 611 00] xzio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 18864 Apr 27 2024 [ 615 00] zfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2644 Apr 27 2024 [ 625 00] zfscrypt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2528 Apr 27 2024 [ 627 00] zfsinfo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 19148 Apr 27 2024 [ 629 00] zstd.mod;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 38912 May 31 2025 [ 24 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+---------- 0 0 0 3592 May 31 2025 [ 50 00] 915resol.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4332 May 31 2025 [ 52 00] acpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 548 May 31 2025 [ 55 00] adler32.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2636 May 31 2025 [ 56 00] affs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3180 May 31 2025 [ 58 00] afs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 808 May 31 2025 [ 60 00] afsplitt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5016 May 31 2025 [ 61 00] ahci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 236 May 31 2025 [ 64 00] all_vide.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 496 May 31 2025 [ 65 00] aout.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1584 May 31 2025 [ 66 00] archelp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2016 May 31 2025 [ 67 00] at_keybo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2668 May 31 2025 [ 68 00] ata.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 752 May 31 2025 [ 70 00] backtrac.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3596 May 31 2025 [ 71 00] bfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2520 May 31 2025 [ 73 00] biosdisk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1152 May 31 2025 [ 75 00] bitmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2020 May 31 2025 [ 76 00] bitmap_s.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1100 May 31 2025 [ 77 00] blocklis.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1184 May 31 2025 [ 78 00] boot.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 12504 May 31 2025 [ 79 00] bsd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1016 May 31 2025 [ 86 00] bswap_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9136 May 31 2025 [ 87 00] btrfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1108 May 31 2025 [ 92 00] bufio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1352 May 31 2025 [ 93 00] cat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1840 May 31 2025 [ 94 00] cbfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1180 May 31 2025 [ 95 00] cbls.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 976 May 31 2025 [ 96 00] cbmemc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 540 May 31 2025 [ 97 00] cbtable.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1112 May 31 2025 [ 98 00] cbtime.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1572 May 31 2025 [ 99 00] chain.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1160 May 31 2025 [ 100 00] cmdline_.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 564 May 31 2025 [ 101 00] cmosdump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 856 May 31 2025 [ 102 00] cmostest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1008 May 31 2025 [ 103 00] cmp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1784 May 31 2025 [ 104 00] cmp_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1472 May 31 2025 [ 105 00] command.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 848 May 31 2025 [ 106 00] configfi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1248 May 31 2025 [ 107 00] cpio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1292 May 31 2025 [ 108 00] cpio_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 728 May 31 2025 [ 109 00] cpuid.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 800 May 31 2025 [ 110 00] crc64.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 416 May 31 2025 [ 111 00] crypto.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2328 May 31 2025 [ 112 00] crypto.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6704 May 31 2025 [ 114 00] cryptodi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1480 May 31 2025 [ 118 00] cs5536.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 812 May 31 2025 [ 119 00] ctz_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1020 May 31 2025 [ 120 00] date.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 700 May 31 2025 [ 121 00] datehook.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1104 May 31 2025 [ 122 00] datetime.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1268 May 31 2025 [ 123 00] disk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5344 May 31 2025 [ 124 00] diskfilt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 504 May 31 2025 [ 127 00] div.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2244 May 31 2025 [ 128 00] div_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 844 May 31 2025 [ 130 00] dm_nv.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2388 May 31 2025 [ 131 00] drivemap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 888 May 31 2025 [ 133 00] echo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9360 May 31 2025 [ 134 00] efiemu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3172 May 31 2025 [ 139 00] efiemu32.o;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3688 May 31 2025 [ 141 00] efiemu64.o;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6048 May 31 2025 [ 143 00] ehci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2408 May 31 2025 [ 146 00] elf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 47901 May 31 2025 [ 148 00] eltorito.img;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 652 May 31 2025 [ 172 00] eval.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3300 May 31 2025 [ 173 00] exfat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 556 May 31 2025 [ 175 00] exfctest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3192 May 31 2025 [ 176 00] ext2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2408 May 31 2025 [ 178 00] extcmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3380 May 31 2025 [ 180 00] f2fs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3560 May 31 2025 [ 182 00] fat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5836 May 31 2025 [ 184 00] file.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6540 May 31 2025 [ 187 00] font.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1160 May 31 2025 [ 191 00] freedos.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 204 May 31 2025 [ 192 00] fs.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1772 May 31 2025 [ 193 00] fshelp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8456 May 31 2025 [ 194 00] function.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 788 May 31 2025 [ 199 00] gcry_arc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5500 May 31 2025 [ 200 00] gcry_blo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8408 May 31 2025 [ 203 00] gcry_cam.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10640 May 31 2025 [ 208 00] gcry_cas.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8608 May 31 2025 [ 214 00] gcry_crc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4064 May 31 2025 [ 219 00] gcry_des.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 936 May 31 2025 [ 221 00] gcry_dsa.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1508 May 31 2025 [ 222 00] gcry_ide.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1440 May 31 2025 [ 223 00] gcry_md4.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1828 May 31 2025 [ 224 00] gcry_md5.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1312 May 31 2025 [ 225 00] gcry_rfc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7608 May 31 2025 [ 226 00] gcry_rij.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2732 May 31 2025 [ 230 00] gcry_rmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 880 May 31 2025 [ 232 00] gcry_rsa.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4500 May 31 2025 [ 233 00] gcry_see.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5392 May 31 2025 [ 236 00] gcry_ser.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3168 May 31 2025 [ 239 00] gcry_sh0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2084 May 31 2025 [ 241 00] gcry_sh1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3012 May 31 2025 [ 243 00] gcry_sh2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10224 May 31 2025 [ 245 00] gcry_tig.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9844 May 31 2025 [ 250 00] gcry_two.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6100 May 31 2025 [ 255 00] gcry_whi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3756 May 31 2025 [ 258 00] gdb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2524 May 31 2025 [ 260 00] geli.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2112 May 31 2025 [ 262 00] gettext.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 15492 May 31 2025 [ 264 00] gfxmenu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3900 May 31 2025 [ 272 00] gfxterm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1124 May 31 2025 [ 274 00] gfxterm0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1848 May 31 2025 [ 275 00] gfxterm1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1808 May 31 2025 [ 276 00] gptsync.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4484 May 31 2025 [ 277 00] gzio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2180 May 31 2025 [ 280 00] halt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2128 May 31 2025 [ 282 00] hashsum.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2884 May 31 2025 [ 284 00] hdparm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 492 May 31 2025 [ 286 00] hello.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1268 May 31 2025 [ 287 00] help.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1444 May 31 2025 [ 288 00] hexdump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3756 May 31 2025 [ 289 00] hfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4136 May 31 2025 [ 291 00] hfsplus.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1536 May 31 2025 [ 294 00] hfsplusc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2724 May 31 2025 [ 295 00] http.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1168 May 31 2025 [ 297 00] hwmatch.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1128 May 31 2025 [ 298 00] iorw.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4656 May 31 2025 [ 299 00] iso9660.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3324 May 31 2025 [ 302 00] jfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3960 May 31 2025 [ 304 00] jpeg.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2512 May 31 2025 [ 306 00] json.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1396 May 31 2025 [ 308 00] keylayou.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 764 May 31 2025 [ 309 00] keystatu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2904 May 31 2025 [ 310 00] ldm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 908 May 31 2025 [ 312 00] legacy_p.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 11044 May 31 2025 [ 313 00] legacycf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6160 May 31 2025 [ 319 00] linux.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2620 May 31 2025 [ 323 00] linux16.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2808 May 31 2025 [ 325 00] loadenv.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1368 May 31 2025 [ 327 00] loopback.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1668 May 31 2025 [ 328 00] ls.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2068 May 31 2025 [ 329 00] lsacpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 972 May 31 2025 [ 331 00] lsapm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 804 May 31 2025 [ 332 00] lsmmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1772 May 31 2025 [ 333 00] lspci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1816 May 31 2025 [ 334 00] luks.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5868 May 31 2025 [ 335 00] luks2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3892 May 31 2025 [ 338 00] lvm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2596 May 31 2025 [ 340 00] lzopio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1572 May 31 2025 [ 342 00] macbless.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3208 May 31 2025 [ 343 00] macho.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 988 May 31 2025 [ 345 00] mda_text.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 936 May 31 2025 [ 346 00] mdraid00.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 960 May 31 2025 [ 347 00] mdraid01.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 904 May 31 2025 [ 348 00] mdraid1x.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 892 May 31 2025 [ 349 00] memdisk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1124 May 31 2025 [ 350 00] memrw.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1540 May 31 2025 [ 351 00] minicmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1996 May 31 2025 [ 352 00] minix.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2080 May 31 2025 [ 353 00] minix2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2148 May 31 2025 [ 355 00] minix2_b.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2036 May 31 2025 [ 357 00] minix3.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2108 May 31 2025 [ 358 00] minix3_b.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2068 May 31 2025 [ 360 00] minix_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4180 May 31 2025 [ 362 00] mmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2124 May 31 2025 [ 365 00] moddep.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1284 May 31 2025 [ 367 00] modinfo.sh;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 708 May 31 2025 [ 368 00] morse.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 12552 May 31 2025 [ 369 00] mpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1080 May 31 2025 [ 376 00] msdospar.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 932 May 31 2025 [ 377 00] mul_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6644 May 31 2025 [ 378 00] multibo0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7032 May 31 2025 [ 382 00] multibo1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1916 May 31 2025 [ 386 00] nativedi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 25172 May 31 2025 [ 387 00] net.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1364 May 31 2025 [ 400 00] newc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3352 May 31 2025 [ 401 00] nilfs2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 44596 May 31 2025 [ 403 00] normal.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5692 May 31 2025 [ 425 00] ntfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2436 May 31 2025 [ 428 00] ntfscomp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1072 May 31 2025 [ 430 00] ntldr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1284 May 31 2025 [ 431 00] odc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 680 May 31 2025 [ 432 00] offsetio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4444 May 31 2025 [ 433 00] ohci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 812 May 31 2025 [ 436 00] part_aco.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 896 May 31 2025 [ 437 00] part_ami.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 976 May 31 2025 [ 438 00] part_app.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1272 May 31 2025 [ 439 00] part_bsd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 860 May 31 2025 [ 440 00] part_dfl.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 704 May 31 2025 [ 441 00] part_dvh.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1104 May 31 2025 [ 442 00] part_gpt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1192 May 31 2025 [ 443 00] part_msd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 828 May 31 2025 [ 444 00] part_pla.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 736 May 31 2025 [ 445 00] part_su0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 772 May 31 2025 [ 446 00] part_su1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 116 May 31 2025 [ 447 00] partmap.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 68 May 31 2025 [ 448 00] parttool.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2052 May 31 2025 [ 449 00] parttool.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 832 May 31 2025 [ 451 00] passwor0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1292 May 31 2025 [ 452 00] passwor1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2344 May 31 2025 [ 453 00] pata.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 684 May 31 2025 [ 455 00] pbkdf2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 928 May 31 2025 [ 456 00] pbkdf2_t.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 720 May 31 2025 [ 457 00] pci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1108 May 31 2025 [ 458 00] pcidump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4728 May 31 2025 [ 459 00] pgp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3060 May 31 2025 [ 462 00] plainmou.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3032 May 31 2025 [ 464 00] plan9.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1208 May 31 2025 [ 466 00] play.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4092 May 31 2025 [ 467 00] png.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 800 May 31 2025 [ 469 00] priority.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1468 May 31 2025 [ 470 00] probe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 956 May 31 2025 [ 471 00] procfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1104 May 31 2025 [ 472 00] progress.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1548 May 31 2025 [ 473 00] pxe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1136 May 31 2025 [ 474 00] pxechain.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 696 May 31 2025 [ 475 00] raid5rec.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1216 May 31 2025 [ 476 00] raid6rec.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1776 May 31 2025 [ 477 00] random.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 848 May 31 2025 [ 478 00] rdmsr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 736 May 31 2025 [ 479 00] read.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 736 May 31 2025 [ 480 00] reboot.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 26892 May 31 2025 [ 481 00] regexp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4260 May 31 2025 [ 495 00] reiserfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6692 May 31 2025 [ 498 00] relocato.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2156 May 31 2025 [ 502 00] romfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2288 May 31 2025 [ 504 00] scsi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1420 May 31 2025 [ 506 00] search.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1508 May 31 2025 [ 507 00] search_0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1608 May 31 2025 [ 508 00] search_1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1516 May 31 2025 [ 509 00] search_l.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2544 May 31 2025 [ 510 00] sendkey.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4256 May 31 2025 [ 512 00] serial.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 300 May 31 2025 [ 515 00] setjmp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 676 May 31 2025 [ 516 00] setjmp_t.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2152 May 31 2025 [ 517 00] setpci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2592 May 31 2025 [ 519 00] sfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1156 May 31 2025 [ 521 00] shift_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4268 May 31 2025 [ 522 00] signatur.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 912 May 31 2025 [ 525 00] sleep.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1112 May 31 2025 [ 526 00] sleep_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2328 May 31 2025 [ 527 00] smbios.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 804 May 31 2025 [ 529 00] spkmodem.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3752 May 31 2025 [ 530 00] squash4.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 916 May 31 2025 [ 532 00] strtoull.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7156 May 31 2025 [ 533 00] syslinux.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1536 May 31 2025 [ 537 00] tar.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 164 May 31 2025 [ 538 00] terminal.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1760 May 31 2025 [ 539 00] terminal.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5112 May 31 2025 [ 540 00] terminfo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2204 May 31 2025 [ 543 00] test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 576 May 31 2025 [ 545 00] test_blo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1236 May 31 2025 [ 546 00] testload.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1024 May 31 2025 [ 547 00] testspee.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2300 May 31 2025 [ 548 00] tftp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1792 May 31 2025 [ 550 00] tga.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 684 May 31 2025 [ 551 00] time.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1080 May 31 2025 [ 552 00] tr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 788 May 31 2025 [ 553 00] trig.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 500 May 31 2025 [ 554 00] true.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1544 May 31 2025 [ 555 00] truecryp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4476 May 31 2025 [ 556 00] udf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2604 May 31 2025 [ 559 00] ufs1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2808 May 31 2025 [ 561 00] ufs1_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2708 May 31 2025 [ 563 00] ufs2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2968 May 31 2025 [ 565 00] uhci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5176 May 31 2025 [ 567 00] usb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1804 May 31 2025 [ 570 00] usb_keyb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2820 May 31 2025 [ 571 00] usbms.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 960 May 31 2025 [ 573 00] usbseri0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1004 May 31 2025 [ 574 00] usbseri1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1056 May 31 2025 [ 575 00] usbseri2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 616 May 31 2025 [ 576 00] usbseri3.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1756 May 31 2025 [ 577 00] usbtest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4096 May 31 2025 [ 578 00] vbe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1280 May 31 2025 [ 580 00] verifier.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1892 May 31 2025 [ 581 00] vga.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1020 May 31 2025 [ 582 00] vga_text.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 84 May 31 2025 [ 583 00] video.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2288 May 31 2025 [ 584 00] video.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2136 May 31 2025 [ 586 00] video_bo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2348 May 31 2025 [ 588 00] video_ci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2232 May 31 2025 [ 590 00] video_co.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9312 May 31 2025 [ 592 00] video_fb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1704 May 31 2025 [ 597 00] videoinf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1652 May 31 2025 [ 598 00] videote0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 884 May 31 2025 [ 599 00] videote1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 724 May 31 2025 [ 600 00] wrmsr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4004 May 31 2025 [ 601 00] xfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 11276 May 31 2025 [ 603 00] xnu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 972 May 31 2025 [ 609 00] xnu_uui0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 808 May 31 2025 [ 610 00] xnu_uui1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7940 May 31 2025 [ 611 00] xzio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 18864 May 31 2025 [ 615 00] zfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2644 May 31 2025 [ 625 00] zfscrypt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2528 May 31 2025 [ 627 00] zfsinfo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 19148 May 31 2025 [ 629 00] zstd.mod;1 \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/locale/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 43 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 43 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/roms/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 44 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 44 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n"}, {"source1": "isoinfo -l -i {} -R", "source2": "isoinfo -l -i {} -R", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,324 +1,324 @@\n \n Directory listing of /\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 19 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 19 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 21 02] boot \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 48 00] boot.catalog \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 19 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 21 02] boot \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 48 00] boot.catalog \n \n Directory listing of /boot/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 21 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 19 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 22 02] grub \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 21 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 22 02] grub \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 22 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 21 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 23 02] fonts \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1705 Apr 27 2024 [ 49 00] grub.cfg \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Apr 27 2024 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 43 02] locale \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 44 02] roms \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 22 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 21 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 23 02] fonts \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1705 May 31 2025 [ 49 00] grub.cfg \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 May 31 2025 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 43 02] locale \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 44 02] roms \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/fonts/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 23 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 23 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/i386-pc/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Apr 27 2024 [ 24 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Apr 27 2024 [ 22 02] .. \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3592 Apr 27 2024 [ 50 00] 915resolution.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4332 Apr 27 2024 [ 52 00] acpi.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 548 Apr 27 2024 [ 55 00] adler32.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2636 Apr 27 2024 [ 56 00] affs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3180 Apr 27 2024 [ 58 00] afs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 808 Apr 27 2024 [ 60 00] afsplitter.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5016 Apr 27 2024 [ 61 00] ahci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 236 Apr 27 2024 [ 64 00] all_video.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 496 Apr 27 2024 [ 65 00] aout.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1584 Apr 27 2024 [ 66 00] archelp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2016 Apr 27 2024 [ 67 00] at_keyboard.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2668 Apr 27 2024 [ 68 00] ata.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 752 Apr 27 2024 [ 70 00] backtrace.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3596 Apr 27 2024 [ 71 00] bfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2520 Apr 27 2024 [ 73 00] biosdisk.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1152 Apr 27 2024 [ 75 00] bitmap.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2020 Apr 27 2024 [ 76 00] bitmap_scale.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1100 Apr 27 2024 [ 77 00] blocklist.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1184 Apr 27 2024 [ 78 00] boot.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 12504 Apr 27 2024 [ 79 00] bsd.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1016 Apr 27 2024 [ 86 00] bswap_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9136 Apr 27 2024 [ 87 00] btrfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1108 Apr 27 2024 [ 92 00] bufio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1352 Apr 27 2024 [ 93 00] cat.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1840 Apr 27 2024 [ 94 00] cbfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1180 Apr 27 2024 [ 95 00] cbls.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 976 Apr 27 2024 [ 96 00] cbmemc.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 540 Apr 27 2024 [ 97 00] cbtable.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1112 Apr 27 2024 [ 98 00] cbtime.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1572 Apr 27 2024 [ 99 00] chain.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1160 Apr 27 2024 [ 100 00] cmdline_cat_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 564 Apr 27 2024 [ 101 00] cmosdump.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 856 Apr 27 2024 [ 102 00] cmostest.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1008 Apr 27 2024 [ 103 00] cmp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1784 Apr 27 2024 [ 104 00] cmp_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1472 Apr 27 2024 [ 105 00] command.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 848 Apr 27 2024 [ 106 00] configfile.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1248 Apr 27 2024 [ 107 00] cpio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1292 Apr 27 2024 [ 108 00] cpio_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 728 Apr 27 2024 [ 109 00] cpuid.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 800 Apr 27 2024 [ 110 00] crc64.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 416 Apr 27 2024 [ 111 00] crypto.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2328 Apr 27 2024 [ 112 00] crypto.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6704 Apr 27 2024 [ 114 00] cryptodisk.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1480 Apr 27 2024 [ 118 00] cs5536.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 812 Apr 27 2024 [ 119 00] ctz_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1020 Apr 27 2024 [ 120 00] date.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 700 Apr 27 2024 [ 121 00] datehook.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1104 Apr 27 2024 [ 122 00] datetime.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1268 Apr 27 2024 [ 123 00] disk.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5344 Apr 27 2024 [ 124 00] diskfilter.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 504 Apr 27 2024 [ 127 00] div.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2244 Apr 27 2024 [ 128 00] div_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 844 Apr 27 2024 [ 130 00] dm_nv.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2388 Apr 27 2024 [ 131 00] drivemap.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 888 Apr 27 2024 [ 133 00] echo.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9360 Apr 27 2024 [ 134 00] efiemu.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3172 Apr 27 2024 [ 139 00] efiemu32.o \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3688 Apr 27 2024 [ 141 00] efiemu64.o \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6048 Apr 27 2024 [ 143 00] ehci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2408 Apr 27 2024 [ 146 00] elf.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 47901 Apr 27 2024 [ 148 00] eltorito.img \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 652 Apr 27 2024 [ 172 00] eval.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3300 Apr 27 2024 [ 173 00] exfat.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 556 Apr 27 2024 [ 175 00] exfctest.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3192 Apr 27 2024 [ 176 00] ext2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2408 Apr 27 2024 [ 178 00] extcmd.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3380 Apr 27 2024 [ 180 00] f2fs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3560 Apr 27 2024 [ 182 00] fat.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5836 Apr 27 2024 [ 184 00] file.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6540 Apr 27 2024 [ 187 00] font.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1160 Apr 27 2024 [ 191 00] freedos.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 204 Apr 27 2024 [ 192 00] fs.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1772 Apr 27 2024 [ 193 00] fshelp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8456 Apr 27 2024 [ 194 00] functional_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 788 Apr 27 2024 [ 199 00] gcry_arcfour.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5500 Apr 27 2024 [ 200 00] gcry_blowfish.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8408 Apr 27 2024 [ 203 00] gcry_camellia.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 10640 Apr 27 2024 [ 208 00] gcry_cast5.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8608 Apr 27 2024 [ 214 00] gcry_crc.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4064 Apr 27 2024 [ 219 00] gcry_des.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 936 Apr 27 2024 [ 221 00] gcry_dsa.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1508 Apr 27 2024 [ 222 00] gcry_idea.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1440 Apr 27 2024 [ 223 00] gcry_md4.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1828 Apr 27 2024 [ 224 00] gcry_md5.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1312 Apr 27 2024 [ 225 00] gcry_rfc2268.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7608 Apr 27 2024 [ 226 00] gcry_rijndael.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2732 Apr 27 2024 [ 230 00] gcry_rmd160.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 880 Apr 27 2024 [ 232 00] gcry_rsa.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4500 Apr 27 2024 [ 233 00] gcry_seed.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5392 Apr 27 2024 [ 236 00] gcry_serpent.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3168 Apr 27 2024 [ 239 00] gcry_sha1.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2084 Apr 27 2024 [ 241 00] gcry_sha256.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3012 Apr 27 2024 [ 243 00] gcry_sha512.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 10224 Apr 27 2024 [ 245 00] gcry_tiger.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9844 Apr 27 2024 [ 250 00] gcry_twofish.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6100 Apr 27 2024 [ 255 00] gcry_whirlpool.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3756 Apr 27 2024 [ 258 00] gdb.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2524 Apr 27 2024 [ 260 00] geli.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2112 Apr 27 2024 [ 262 00] gettext.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 15492 Apr 27 2024 [ 264 00] gfxmenu.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3900 Apr 27 2024 [ 272 00] gfxterm.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1124 Apr 27 2024 [ 274 00] gfxterm_background.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1848 Apr 27 2024 [ 275 00] gfxterm_menu.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1808 Apr 27 2024 [ 276 00] gptsync.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4484 Apr 27 2024 [ 277 00] gzio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2180 Apr 27 2024 [ 280 00] halt.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2128 Apr 27 2024 [ 282 00] hashsum.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2884 Apr 27 2024 [ 284 00] hdparm.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 492 Apr 27 2024 [ 286 00] hello.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1268 Apr 27 2024 [ 287 00] help.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1444 Apr 27 2024 [ 288 00] hexdump.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3756 Apr 27 2024 [ 289 00] hfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4136 Apr 27 2024 [ 291 00] hfsplus.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1536 Apr 27 2024 [ 294 00] hfspluscomp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2724 Apr 27 2024 [ 295 00] http.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1168 Apr 27 2024 [ 297 00] hwmatch.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1128 Apr 27 2024 [ 298 00] iorw.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4656 Apr 27 2024 [ 299 00] iso9660.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3324 Apr 27 2024 [ 302 00] jfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3960 Apr 27 2024 [ 304 00] jpeg.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2512 Apr 27 2024 [ 306 00] json.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1396 Apr 27 2024 [ 308 00] keylayouts.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 764 Apr 27 2024 [ 309 00] keystatus.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2904 Apr 27 2024 [ 310 00] ldm.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 908 Apr 27 2024 [ 312 00] legacy_password_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 11044 Apr 27 2024 [ 313 00] legacycfg.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6160 Apr 27 2024 [ 319 00] linux.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2620 Apr 27 2024 [ 323 00] linux16.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2808 Apr 27 2024 [ 325 00] loadenv.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1368 Apr 27 2024 [ 327 00] loopback.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1668 Apr 27 2024 [ 328 00] ls.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2068 Apr 27 2024 [ 329 00] lsacpi.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 972 Apr 27 2024 [ 331 00] lsapm.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 804 Apr 27 2024 [ 332 00] lsmmap.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1772 Apr 27 2024 [ 333 00] lspci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1816 Apr 27 2024 [ 334 00] luks.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5868 Apr 27 2024 [ 335 00] luks2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3892 Apr 27 2024 [ 338 00] lvm.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2596 Apr 27 2024 [ 340 00] lzopio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1572 Apr 27 2024 [ 342 00] macbless.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3208 Apr 27 2024 [ 343 00] macho.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 988 Apr 27 2024 [ 345 00] mda_text.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 936 Apr 27 2024 [ 346 00] mdraid09.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 960 Apr 27 2024 [ 347 00] mdraid09_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 904 Apr 27 2024 [ 348 00] mdraid1x.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 892 Apr 27 2024 [ 349 00] memdisk.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1124 Apr 27 2024 [ 350 00] memrw.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1540 Apr 27 2024 [ 351 00] minicmd.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1996 Apr 27 2024 [ 352 00] minix.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2080 Apr 27 2024 [ 353 00] minix2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2148 Apr 27 2024 [ 355 00] minix2_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2036 Apr 27 2024 [ 357 00] minix3.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2108 Apr 27 2024 [ 358 00] minix3_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2068 Apr 27 2024 [ 360 00] minix_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4180 Apr 27 2024 [ 362 00] mmap.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2124 Apr 27 2024 [ 365 00] moddep.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1284 Apr 27 2024 [ 367 00] modinfo.sh \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 708 Apr 27 2024 [ 368 00] morse.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 12552 Apr 27 2024 [ 369 00] mpi.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1080 Apr 27 2024 [ 376 00] msdospart.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 932 Apr 27 2024 [ 377 00] mul_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6644 Apr 27 2024 [ 378 00] multiboot.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7032 Apr 27 2024 [ 382 00] multiboot2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1916 Apr 27 2024 [ 386 00] nativedisk.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 25172 Apr 27 2024 [ 387 00] net.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1364 Apr 27 2024 [ 400 00] newc.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3352 Apr 27 2024 [ 401 00] nilfs2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 44596 Apr 27 2024 [ 403 00] normal.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5692 Apr 27 2024 [ 425 00] ntfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2436 Apr 27 2024 [ 428 00] ntfscomp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1072 Apr 27 2024 [ 430 00] ntldr.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1284 Apr 27 2024 [ 431 00] odc.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 680 Apr 27 2024 [ 432 00] offsetio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4444 Apr 27 2024 [ 433 00] ohci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 812 Apr 27 2024 [ 436 00] part_acorn.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 896 Apr 27 2024 [ 437 00] part_amiga.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 976 Apr 27 2024 [ 438 00] part_apple.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1272 Apr 27 2024 [ 439 00] part_bsd.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 860 Apr 27 2024 [ 440 00] part_dfly.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 704 Apr 27 2024 [ 441 00] part_dvh.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1104 Apr 27 2024 [ 442 00] part_gpt.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1192 Apr 27 2024 [ 443 00] part_msdos.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 828 Apr 27 2024 [ 444 00] part_plan.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 736 Apr 27 2024 [ 445 00] part_sun.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 772 Apr 27 2024 [ 446 00] part_sunpc.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 116 Apr 27 2024 [ 447 00] partmap.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 68 Apr 27 2024 [ 448 00] parttool.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2052 Apr 27 2024 [ 449 00] parttool.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 832 Apr 27 2024 [ 451 00] password.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1292 Apr 27 2024 [ 452 00] password_pbkdf2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2344 Apr 27 2024 [ 453 00] pata.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 684 Apr 27 2024 [ 455 00] pbkdf2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 928 Apr 27 2024 [ 456 00] pbkdf2_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 720 Apr 27 2024 [ 457 00] pci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1108 Apr 27 2024 [ 458 00] pcidump.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4728 Apr 27 2024 [ 459 00] pgp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3060 Apr 27 2024 [ 462 00] plainmount.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3032 Apr 27 2024 [ 464 00] plan9.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1208 Apr 27 2024 [ 466 00] play.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4092 Apr 27 2024 [ 467 00] png.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 800 Apr 27 2024 [ 469 00] priority_queue.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1468 Apr 27 2024 [ 470 00] probe.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 956 Apr 27 2024 [ 471 00] procfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1104 Apr 27 2024 [ 472 00] progress.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1548 Apr 27 2024 [ 473 00] pxe.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1136 Apr 27 2024 [ 474 00] pxechain.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 696 Apr 27 2024 [ 475 00] raid5rec.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1216 Apr 27 2024 [ 476 00] raid6rec.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1776 Apr 27 2024 [ 477 00] random.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 848 Apr 27 2024 [ 478 00] rdmsr.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 736 Apr 27 2024 [ 479 00] read.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 736 Apr 27 2024 [ 480 00] reboot.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 26892 Apr 27 2024 [ 481 00] regexp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4260 Apr 27 2024 [ 495 00] reiserfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6692 Apr 27 2024 [ 498 00] relocator.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2156 Apr 27 2024 [ 502 00] romfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2288 Apr 27 2024 [ 504 00] scsi.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1420 Apr 27 2024 [ 506 00] search.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1508 Apr 27 2024 [ 507 00] search_fs_file.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1608 Apr 27 2024 [ 508 00] search_fs_uuid.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1516 Apr 27 2024 [ 509 00] search_label.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2544 Apr 27 2024 [ 510 00] sendkey.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4256 Apr 27 2024 [ 512 00] serial.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 300 Apr 27 2024 [ 515 00] setjmp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 676 Apr 27 2024 [ 516 00] setjmp_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2152 Apr 27 2024 [ 517 00] setpci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2592 Apr 27 2024 [ 519 00] sfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1156 Apr 27 2024 [ 521 00] shift_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4268 Apr 27 2024 [ 522 00] signature_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 912 Apr 27 2024 [ 525 00] sleep.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1112 Apr 27 2024 [ 526 00] sleep_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2328 Apr 27 2024 [ 527 00] smbios.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 804 Apr 27 2024 [ 529 00] spkmodem.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3752 Apr 27 2024 [ 530 00] squash4.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 916 Apr 27 2024 [ 532 00] strtoull_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7156 Apr 27 2024 [ 533 00] syslinuxcfg.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1536 Apr 27 2024 [ 537 00] tar.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 164 Apr 27 2024 [ 538 00] terminal.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1760 Apr 27 2024 [ 539 00] terminal.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5112 Apr 27 2024 [ 540 00] terminfo.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2204 Apr 27 2024 [ 543 00] test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 576 Apr 27 2024 [ 545 00] test_blockarg.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1236 Apr 27 2024 [ 546 00] testload.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1024 Apr 27 2024 [ 547 00] testspeed.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2300 Apr 27 2024 [ 548 00] tftp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1792 Apr 27 2024 [ 550 00] tga.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 684 Apr 27 2024 [ 551 00] time.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1080 Apr 27 2024 [ 552 00] tr.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 788 Apr 27 2024 [ 553 00] trig.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 500 Apr 27 2024 [ 554 00] true.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1544 Apr 27 2024 [ 555 00] truecrypt.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4476 Apr 27 2024 [ 556 00] udf.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2604 Apr 27 2024 [ 559 00] ufs1.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2808 Apr 27 2024 [ 561 00] ufs1_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2708 Apr 27 2024 [ 563 00] ufs2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2968 Apr 27 2024 [ 565 00] uhci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5176 Apr 27 2024 [ 567 00] usb.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1804 Apr 27 2024 [ 570 00] usb_keyboard.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2820 Apr 27 2024 [ 571 00] usbms.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 960 Apr 27 2024 [ 573 00] usbserial_common.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1004 Apr 27 2024 [ 574 00] usbserial_ftdi.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1056 Apr 27 2024 [ 575 00] usbserial_pl2303.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 616 Apr 27 2024 [ 576 00] usbserial_usbdebug.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1756 Apr 27 2024 [ 577 00] usbtest.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4096 Apr 27 2024 [ 578 00] vbe.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1280 Apr 27 2024 [ 580 00] verifiers.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1892 Apr 27 2024 [ 581 00] vga.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1020 Apr 27 2024 [ 582 00] vga_text.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 84 Apr 27 2024 [ 583 00] video.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2288 Apr 27 2024 [ 584 00] video.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2136 Apr 27 2024 [ 586 00] video_bochs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2348 Apr 27 2024 [ 588 00] video_cirrus.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2232 Apr 27 2024 [ 590 00] video_colors.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9312 Apr 27 2024 [ 592 00] video_fb.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1704 Apr 27 2024 [ 597 00] videoinfo.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1652 Apr 27 2024 [ 598 00] videotest.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 884 Apr 27 2024 [ 599 00] videotest_checksum.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 724 Apr 27 2024 [ 600 00] wrmsr.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4004 Apr 27 2024 [ 601 00] xfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 11276 Apr 27 2024 [ 603 00] xnu.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 972 Apr 27 2024 [ 609 00] xnu_uuid.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 808 Apr 27 2024 [ 610 00] xnu_uuid_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7940 Apr 27 2024 [ 611 00] xzio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 18864 Apr 27 2024 [ 615 00] zfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2644 Apr 27 2024 [ 625 00] zfscrypt.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2528 Apr 27 2024 [ 627 00] zfsinfo.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 19148 Apr 27 2024 [ 629 00] zstd.mod \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 May 31 2025 [ 24 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 May 31 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3592 May 31 2025 [ 50 00] 915resolution.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4332 May 31 2025 [ 52 00] acpi.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 548 May 31 2025 [ 55 00] adler32.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2636 May 31 2025 [ 56 00] affs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3180 May 31 2025 [ 58 00] afs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 808 May 31 2025 [ 60 00] afsplitter.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5016 May 31 2025 [ 61 00] ahci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 236 May 31 2025 [ 64 00] all_video.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 496 May 31 2025 [ 65 00] aout.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1584 May 31 2025 [ 66 00] archelp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2016 May 31 2025 [ 67 00] at_keyboard.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2668 May 31 2025 [ 68 00] ata.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 752 May 31 2025 [ 70 00] backtrace.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3596 May 31 2025 [ 71 00] bfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2520 May 31 2025 [ 73 00] biosdisk.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1152 May 31 2025 [ 75 00] bitmap.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2020 May 31 2025 [ 76 00] bitmap_scale.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1100 May 31 2025 [ 77 00] blocklist.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1184 May 31 2025 [ 78 00] boot.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 12504 May 31 2025 [ 79 00] bsd.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1016 May 31 2025 [ 86 00] bswap_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9136 May 31 2025 [ 87 00] btrfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1108 May 31 2025 [ 92 00] bufio.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1352 May 31 2025 [ 93 00] cat.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1840 May 31 2025 [ 94 00] cbfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1180 May 31 2025 [ 95 00] cbls.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 976 May 31 2025 [ 96 00] cbmemc.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 540 May 31 2025 [ 97 00] cbtable.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1112 May 31 2025 [ 98 00] cbtime.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1572 May 31 2025 [ 99 00] chain.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1160 May 31 2025 [ 100 00] cmdline_cat_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 564 May 31 2025 [ 101 00] cmosdump.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 856 May 31 2025 [ 102 00] cmostest.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1008 May 31 2025 [ 103 00] cmp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1784 May 31 2025 [ 104 00] cmp_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1472 May 31 2025 [ 105 00] command.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 848 May 31 2025 [ 106 00] configfile.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1248 May 31 2025 [ 107 00] cpio.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1292 May 31 2025 [ 108 00] cpio_be.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 728 May 31 2025 [ 109 00] cpuid.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 800 May 31 2025 [ 110 00] crc64.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 416 May 31 2025 [ 111 00] crypto.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2328 May 31 2025 [ 112 00] crypto.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6704 May 31 2025 [ 114 00] cryptodisk.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1480 May 31 2025 [ 118 00] cs5536.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 812 May 31 2025 [ 119 00] ctz_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1020 May 31 2025 [ 120 00] date.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 700 May 31 2025 [ 121 00] datehook.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1104 May 31 2025 [ 122 00] datetime.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1268 May 31 2025 [ 123 00] disk.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5344 May 31 2025 [ 124 00] diskfilter.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 504 May 31 2025 [ 127 00] div.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2244 May 31 2025 [ 128 00] div_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 844 May 31 2025 [ 130 00] dm_nv.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2388 May 31 2025 [ 131 00] drivemap.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 888 May 31 2025 [ 133 00] echo.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9360 May 31 2025 [ 134 00] efiemu.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3172 May 31 2025 [ 139 00] efiemu32.o \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3688 May 31 2025 [ 141 00] efiemu64.o \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6048 May 31 2025 [ 143 00] ehci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2408 May 31 2025 [ 146 00] elf.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 47901 May 31 2025 [ 148 00] eltorito.img \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 652 May 31 2025 [ 172 00] eval.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3300 May 31 2025 [ 173 00] exfat.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 556 May 31 2025 [ 175 00] exfctest.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3192 May 31 2025 [ 176 00] ext2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2408 May 31 2025 [ 178 00] extcmd.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3380 May 31 2025 [ 180 00] f2fs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3560 May 31 2025 [ 182 00] fat.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5836 May 31 2025 [ 184 00] file.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6540 May 31 2025 [ 187 00] font.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1160 May 31 2025 [ 191 00] freedos.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 204 May 31 2025 [ 192 00] fs.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1772 May 31 2025 [ 193 00] fshelp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8456 May 31 2025 [ 194 00] functional_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 788 May 31 2025 [ 199 00] gcry_arcfour.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5500 May 31 2025 [ 200 00] gcry_blowfish.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8408 May 31 2025 [ 203 00] gcry_camellia.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 10640 May 31 2025 [ 208 00] gcry_cast5.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8608 May 31 2025 [ 214 00] gcry_crc.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4064 May 31 2025 [ 219 00] gcry_des.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 936 May 31 2025 [ 221 00] gcry_dsa.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1508 May 31 2025 [ 222 00] gcry_idea.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1440 May 31 2025 [ 223 00] gcry_md4.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1828 May 31 2025 [ 224 00] gcry_md5.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1312 May 31 2025 [ 225 00] gcry_rfc2268.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7608 May 31 2025 [ 226 00] gcry_rijndael.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2732 May 31 2025 [ 230 00] gcry_rmd160.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 880 May 31 2025 [ 232 00] gcry_rsa.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4500 May 31 2025 [ 233 00] gcry_seed.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5392 May 31 2025 [ 236 00] gcry_serpent.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3168 May 31 2025 [ 239 00] gcry_sha1.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2084 May 31 2025 [ 241 00] gcry_sha256.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3012 May 31 2025 [ 243 00] gcry_sha512.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 10224 May 31 2025 [ 245 00] gcry_tiger.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9844 May 31 2025 [ 250 00] gcry_twofish.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6100 May 31 2025 [ 255 00] gcry_whirlpool.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3756 May 31 2025 [ 258 00] gdb.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2524 May 31 2025 [ 260 00] geli.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2112 May 31 2025 [ 262 00] gettext.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 15492 May 31 2025 [ 264 00] gfxmenu.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3900 May 31 2025 [ 272 00] gfxterm.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1124 May 31 2025 [ 274 00] gfxterm_background.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1848 May 31 2025 [ 275 00] gfxterm_menu.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1808 May 31 2025 [ 276 00] gptsync.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4484 May 31 2025 [ 277 00] gzio.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2180 May 31 2025 [ 280 00] halt.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2128 May 31 2025 [ 282 00] hashsum.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2884 May 31 2025 [ 284 00] hdparm.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 492 May 31 2025 [ 286 00] hello.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1268 May 31 2025 [ 287 00] help.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1444 May 31 2025 [ 288 00] hexdump.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3756 May 31 2025 [ 289 00] hfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4136 May 31 2025 [ 291 00] hfsplus.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1536 May 31 2025 [ 294 00] hfspluscomp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2724 May 31 2025 [ 295 00] http.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1168 May 31 2025 [ 297 00] hwmatch.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1128 May 31 2025 [ 298 00] iorw.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4656 May 31 2025 [ 299 00] iso9660.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3324 May 31 2025 [ 302 00] jfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3960 May 31 2025 [ 304 00] jpeg.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2512 May 31 2025 [ 306 00] json.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1396 May 31 2025 [ 308 00] keylayouts.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 764 May 31 2025 [ 309 00] keystatus.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2904 May 31 2025 [ 310 00] ldm.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 908 May 31 2025 [ 312 00] legacy_password_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 11044 May 31 2025 [ 313 00] legacycfg.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6160 May 31 2025 [ 319 00] linux.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2620 May 31 2025 [ 323 00] linux16.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2808 May 31 2025 [ 325 00] loadenv.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1368 May 31 2025 [ 327 00] loopback.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1668 May 31 2025 [ 328 00] ls.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2068 May 31 2025 [ 329 00] lsacpi.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 972 May 31 2025 [ 331 00] lsapm.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 804 May 31 2025 [ 332 00] lsmmap.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1772 May 31 2025 [ 333 00] lspci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1816 May 31 2025 [ 334 00] luks.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5868 May 31 2025 [ 335 00] luks2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3892 May 31 2025 [ 338 00] lvm.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2596 May 31 2025 [ 340 00] lzopio.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1572 May 31 2025 [ 342 00] macbless.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3208 May 31 2025 [ 343 00] macho.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 988 May 31 2025 [ 345 00] mda_text.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 936 May 31 2025 [ 346 00] mdraid09.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 960 May 31 2025 [ 347 00] mdraid09_be.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 904 May 31 2025 [ 348 00] mdraid1x.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 892 May 31 2025 [ 349 00] memdisk.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1124 May 31 2025 [ 350 00] memrw.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1540 May 31 2025 [ 351 00] minicmd.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1996 May 31 2025 [ 352 00] minix.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2080 May 31 2025 [ 353 00] minix2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2148 May 31 2025 [ 355 00] minix2_be.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2036 May 31 2025 [ 357 00] minix3.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2108 May 31 2025 [ 358 00] minix3_be.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2068 May 31 2025 [ 360 00] minix_be.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4180 May 31 2025 [ 362 00] mmap.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2124 May 31 2025 [ 365 00] moddep.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1284 May 31 2025 [ 367 00] modinfo.sh \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 708 May 31 2025 [ 368 00] morse.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 12552 May 31 2025 [ 369 00] mpi.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1080 May 31 2025 [ 376 00] msdospart.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 932 May 31 2025 [ 377 00] mul_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6644 May 31 2025 [ 378 00] multiboot.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7032 May 31 2025 [ 382 00] multiboot2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1916 May 31 2025 [ 386 00] nativedisk.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 25172 May 31 2025 [ 387 00] net.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1364 May 31 2025 [ 400 00] newc.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3352 May 31 2025 [ 401 00] nilfs2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 44596 May 31 2025 [ 403 00] normal.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5692 May 31 2025 [ 425 00] ntfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2436 May 31 2025 [ 428 00] ntfscomp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1072 May 31 2025 [ 430 00] ntldr.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1284 May 31 2025 [ 431 00] odc.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 680 May 31 2025 [ 432 00] offsetio.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4444 May 31 2025 [ 433 00] ohci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 812 May 31 2025 [ 436 00] part_acorn.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 896 May 31 2025 [ 437 00] part_amiga.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 976 May 31 2025 [ 438 00] part_apple.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1272 May 31 2025 [ 439 00] part_bsd.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 860 May 31 2025 [ 440 00] part_dfly.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 704 May 31 2025 [ 441 00] part_dvh.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1104 May 31 2025 [ 442 00] part_gpt.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1192 May 31 2025 [ 443 00] part_msdos.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 828 May 31 2025 [ 444 00] part_plan.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 736 May 31 2025 [ 445 00] part_sun.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 772 May 31 2025 [ 446 00] part_sunpc.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 116 May 31 2025 [ 447 00] partmap.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 68 May 31 2025 [ 448 00] parttool.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2052 May 31 2025 [ 449 00] parttool.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 832 May 31 2025 [ 451 00] password.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1292 May 31 2025 [ 452 00] password_pbkdf2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2344 May 31 2025 [ 453 00] pata.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 684 May 31 2025 [ 455 00] pbkdf2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 928 May 31 2025 [ 456 00] pbkdf2_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 720 May 31 2025 [ 457 00] pci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1108 May 31 2025 [ 458 00] pcidump.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4728 May 31 2025 [ 459 00] pgp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3060 May 31 2025 [ 462 00] plainmount.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3032 May 31 2025 [ 464 00] plan9.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1208 May 31 2025 [ 466 00] play.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4092 May 31 2025 [ 467 00] png.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 800 May 31 2025 [ 469 00] priority_queue.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1468 May 31 2025 [ 470 00] probe.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 956 May 31 2025 [ 471 00] procfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1104 May 31 2025 [ 472 00] progress.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1548 May 31 2025 [ 473 00] pxe.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1136 May 31 2025 [ 474 00] pxechain.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 696 May 31 2025 [ 475 00] raid5rec.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1216 May 31 2025 [ 476 00] raid6rec.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1776 May 31 2025 [ 477 00] random.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 848 May 31 2025 [ 478 00] rdmsr.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 736 May 31 2025 [ 479 00] read.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 736 May 31 2025 [ 480 00] reboot.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 26892 May 31 2025 [ 481 00] regexp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4260 May 31 2025 [ 495 00] reiserfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6692 May 31 2025 [ 498 00] relocator.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2156 May 31 2025 [ 502 00] romfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2288 May 31 2025 [ 504 00] scsi.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1420 May 31 2025 [ 506 00] search.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1508 May 31 2025 [ 507 00] search_fs_file.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1608 May 31 2025 [ 508 00] search_fs_uuid.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1516 May 31 2025 [ 509 00] search_label.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2544 May 31 2025 [ 510 00] sendkey.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4256 May 31 2025 [ 512 00] serial.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 300 May 31 2025 [ 515 00] setjmp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 676 May 31 2025 [ 516 00] setjmp_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2152 May 31 2025 [ 517 00] setpci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2592 May 31 2025 [ 519 00] sfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1156 May 31 2025 [ 521 00] shift_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4268 May 31 2025 [ 522 00] signature_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 912 May 31 2025 [ 525 00] sleep.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1112 May 31 2025 [ 526 00] sleep_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2328 May 31 2025 [ 527 00] smbios.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 804 May 31 2025 [ 529 00] spkmodem.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3752 May 31 2025 [ 530 00] squash4.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 916 May 31 2025 [ 532 00] strtoull_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7156 May 31 2025 [ 533 00] syslinuxcfg.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1536 May 31 2025 [ 537 00] tar.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 164 May 31 2025 [ 538 00] terminal.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1760 May 31 2025 [ 539 00] terminal.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5112 May 31 2025 [ 540 00] terminfo.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2204 May 31 2025 [ 543 00] test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 576 May 31 2025 [ 545 00] test_blockarg.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1236 May 31 2025 [ 546 00] testload.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1024 May 31 2025 [ 547 00] testspeed.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2300 May 31 2025 [ 548 00] tftp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1792 May 31 2025 [ 550 00] tga.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 684 May 31 2025 [ 551 00] time.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1080 May 31 2025 [ 552 00] tr.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 788 May 31 2025 [ 553 00] trig.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 500 May 31 2025 [ 554 00] true.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1544 May 31 2025 [ 555 00] truecrypt.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4476 May 31 2025 [ 556 00] udf.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2604 May 31 2025 [ 559 00] ufs1.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2808 May 31 2025 [ 561 00] ufs1_be.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2708 May 31 2025 [ 563 00] ufs2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2968 May 31 2025 [ 565 00] uhci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5176 May 31 2025 [ 567 00] usb.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1804 May 31 2025 [ 570 00] usb_keyboard.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2820 May 31 2025 [ 571 00] usbms.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 960 May 31 2025 [ 573 00] usbserial_common.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1004 May 31 2025 [ 574 00] usbserial_ftdi.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1056 May 31 2025 [ 575 00] usbserial_pl2303.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 616 May 31 2025 [ 576 00] usbserial_usbdebug.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1756 May 31 2025 [ 577 00] usbtest.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4096 May 31 2025 [ 578 00] vbe.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1280 May 31 2025 [ 580 00] verifiers.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1892 May 31 2025 [ 581 00] vga.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1020 May 31 2025 [ 582 00] vga_text.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 84 May 31 2025 [ 583 00] video.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 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03:05:01.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_fb.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1704 2025-05-31 03:05:01.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/videoinfo.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1652 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/videotest.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 884 2025-05-31 03:05:01.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/videotest_checksum.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 724 2025-05-31 03:05:01.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/wrmsr.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4004 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xfs.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 11276 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xnu.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 972 2025-05-31 03:05:01.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xnu_uuid.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 808 2025-05-31 03:05:00.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xnu_uuid_test.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7940 2025-05-31 03:05:01.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xzio.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 18864 2025-05-31 03:05:01.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zfs.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2644 2025-05-31 03:05:01.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zfscrypt.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2528 2025-05-31 03:05:01.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zfsinfo.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 19148 2025-05-31 03:05:01.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zstd.mod\n"}, {"source1": "boot/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh", "source2": "boot/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "modinfo.sh-content", "source2": "modinfo.sh-content", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=pc\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-xen-bin_2.12-2_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-xen-bin_2.12-2_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 debian-binary\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 11688 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1019392 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 11692 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 control.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1019540 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -124,15 +124,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3604 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3732 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3864 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3636 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3800 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3732 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3766 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2622 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2620 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 27436 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2396 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1984 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 58384 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/net.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2804 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/newc.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6744 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/nilfs2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 114800 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/normal.mod\n@@ -342,15 +342,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3732 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3864 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3636 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3800 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3732 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5836 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3871 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2634 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2632 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 27436 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2396 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1984 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 13696 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/multiboot.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 14684 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/multiboot2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 58384 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/net.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2804 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/newc.mod\n@@ -562,15 +562,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5616 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5736 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5840 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5800 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5872 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5712 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3766 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2547 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2545 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 44008 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3592 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2360 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 95336 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/net.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4464 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/newc.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 10016 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/nilfs2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 177208 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/normal.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=xen\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=xen_pvh\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=x86_64\n grub_modinfo_platform=xen\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-xen-host_2.12-2_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-xen-host_2.12-2_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1300 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1324268 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1324368 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-i386-xen.bin", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-i386-xen.bin", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "source2": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -9252,17 +9252,17 @@\n .rel.rodata\n .rodata.str1.1\n .module_license\n .moddeps\n .modname\n grub.cfg\n 00000001140\n-14613255525\n-pbuilder1\n-pbuilder1\n+15016471141\n+pbuilder2\n+pbuilder2\n # First search for a suitable grub to chainload\n if search -s -f /boot/xen/pvboot-i386.elf ; then\n \techo \"Chainloading (${root})/boot/xen/pvboot-i386.elf\"\n \tmultiboot \"/boot/xen/pvboot-i386.elf\"\n if search -s -f /xen/pvboot-i386.elf ; then\n \techo \"Chainloading (${root})/xen/pvboot-i386.elf\"\n \tmultiboot \"/xen/pvboot-i386.elf\"\n"}, {"source1": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "source2": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -92416,27 +92416,27 @@\n 0x00175553 08280000 67727562 2e636667 00000000 .(..grub.cfg....\n 0x00175563 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175573 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175583 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175593 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001755a3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001755b3 00000000 00000000 30303030 36343400 ........0000644.\n- 0x001755c3 30303032 31323700 30303032 31323700 0002127.0002127.\n- 0x001755d3 30303030 30303031 31343000 31343631 00000001140.1461\n- 0x001755e3 33323535 35323500 30313330 34300020 3255525.013040. \n+ 0x001755c3 30303034 32353600 30303034 32353600 0004256.0004256.\n+ 0x001755d3 30303030 30303031 31343000 31353031 00000001140.1501\n+ 0x001755e3 36343731 31343100 30313330 34340020 6471141.013044. \n 0x001755f3 30000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 0...............\n 0x00175603 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175613 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175623 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175633 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175643 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00175653 00000000 00757374 61722020 00706275 .....ustar .pbu\n- 0x00175663 696c6465 72310000 00000000 00000000 ilder1..........\n+ 0x00175663 696c6465 72320000 00000000 00000000 ilder2..........\n 0x00175673 00000000 00000000 00000000 00706275 .............pbu\n- 0x00175683 696c6465 72310000 00000000 00000000 ilder1..........\n+ 0x00175683 696c6465 72320000 00000000 00000000 ilder2..........\n 0x00175693 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001756a3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001756b3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001756c3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001756d3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001756e3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001756f3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-i386-xen_pvh.bin", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-i386-xen_pvh.bin", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "source2": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -9557,16 +9557,16 @@\n .rodata.str1.1\n .module_license\n .moddeps\n .modname\n grub.cfg\n 00000000350\n 14604043343\n-pbuilder1\n-pbuilder1\n+pbuilder2\n+pbuilder2\n if search -s -f /boot/grub/grub.cfg ; then\n \techo \"Reading (${root})/boot/grub/grub.cfg\"\n \tconfigfile /boot/grub/grub.cfg\n if search -s -f /grub/grub.cfg ; then\n \techo \"Reading (${root})/grub/grub.cfg\"\n \tconfigfile /grub/grub.cfg\n normal (memdisk)/grub.cfg\n"}, {"source1": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "source2": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -94406,27 +94406,27 @@\n 0x0027d02b 00000000 01000000 08280000 67727562 .........(..grub\n 0x0027d03b 2e636667 00000000 00000000 00000000 .cfg............\n 0x0027d04b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d05b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d06b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d07b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d08b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n- 0x0027d09b 30303030 36343400 30303032 31323700 0000644.0002127.\n- 0x0027d0ab 30303032 31323700 30303030 30303030 0002127.00000000\n+ 0x0027d09b 30303030 36363400 30303034 32353600 0000664.0004256.\n+ 0x0027d0ab 30303034 32353600 30303030 30303030 0004256.00000000\n 0x0027d0bb 33353000 31343630 34303433 33343300 350.14604043343.\n- 0x0027d0cb 30313330 33330020 30000000 00000000 013033. 0.......\n+ 0x0027d0cb 30313330 35310020 30000000 00000000 013051. 0.......\n 0x0027d0db 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d0eb 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d0fb 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d10b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d11b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d12b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00757374 .............ust\n- 0x0027d13b 61722020 00706275 696c6465 72310000 ar .pbuilder1..\n+ 0x0027d13b 61722020 00706275 696c6465 72320000 ar .pbuilder2..\n 0x0027d14b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n- 0x0027d15b 00000000 00706275 696c6465 72310000 .....pbuilder1..\n+ 0x0027d15b 00000000 00706275 696c6465 72320000 .....pbuilder2..\n 0x0027d16b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d17b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d18b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d19b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d1ab 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d1bb 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027d1cb 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-x86_64-xen.bin", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-x86_64-xen.bin", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "source2": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -10789,17 +10789,17 @@\n .rela.rodata\n .rodata.str1.1\n .module_license\n .moddeps\n .modname\n grub.cfg\n 00000001154\n-14613255525\n-pbuilder1\n-pbuilder1\n+15016471141\n+pbuilder2\n+pbuilder2\n # First search for a suitable grub to chainload\n if search -s -f /boot/xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf ; then\n \techo \"Chainloading (${root})/boot/xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf\"\n \tmultiboot \"/boot/xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf\"\n if search -s -f /xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf ; then\n \techo \"Chainloading (${root})/xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf\"\n \tmultiboot \"/xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf\"\n"}, {"source1": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "source2": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -130821,27 +130821,27 @@\n 0x0020ea6f 01000000 08280000 67727562 2e636667 .....(..grub.cfg\n 0x0020ea7f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020ea8f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020ea9f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020eaaf 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020eabf 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020eacf 00000000 00000000 00000000 30303030 ............0000\n- 0x0020eadf 36343400 30303032 31323700 30303032 644.0002127.0002\n- 0x0020eaef 31323700 30303030 30303031 31353400 127.00000001154.\n- 0x0020eaff 31343631 33323535 35323500 30313330 14613255525.0130\n- 0x0020eb0f 34350020 30000000 00000000 00000000 45. 0...........\n+ 0x0020eadf 36343400 30303034 32353600 30303034 644.0004256.0004\n+ 0x0020eaef 32353600 30303030 30303031 31353400 256.00000001154.\n+ 0x0020eaff 31353031 36343731 31343100 30313330 15016471141.0130\n+ 0x0020eb0f 35310020 30000000 00000000 00000000 51. 0...........\n 0x0020eb1f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020eb2f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020eb3f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020eb4f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020eb5f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020eb6f 00000000 00000000 00757374 61722020 .........ustar \n- 0x0020eb7f 00706275 696c6465 72310000 00000000 .pbuilder1......\n+ 0x0020eb7f 00706275 696c6465 72320000 00000000 .pbuilder2......\n 0x0020eb8f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n- 0x0020eb9f 00706275 696c6465 72310000 00000000 .pbuilder1......\n+ 0x0020eb9f 00706275 696c6465 72320000 00000000 .pbuilder2......\n 0x0020ebaf 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020ebbf 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020ebcf 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020ebdf 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020ebef 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020ebff 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0020ec0f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n"}]}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub2-common_2.12-2_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub2-common_2.12-2_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1376 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 633156 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 633140 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -21,17 +21,17 @@\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/share/doc/\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/share/grub/\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/share/grub/default/\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1490 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/share/grub/default/grub\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 186 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/share/grub/default/grub.md5sum\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/share/info/\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 37891 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub-dev.info.gz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 87404 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info-1.gz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 14849 2024-04-05 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./usr/share/man/man8/update-grub.8.gz\n lrwxrwxrwx 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2024-04-05 18:45:55.000000 ./usr/sbin/update-grub2 -> update-grub\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/share/info/grub.info-1.gz", "source2": "./usr/share/info/grub.info-1.gz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "grub.info-1", "source2": "grub.info-1", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -1,18915 +1,18915 @@\n 00000000: 5468 6973 2069 7320 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 This is grub.inf\n 00000010: 6f2c 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 6279 206d o, produced by m\n 00000020: 616b 6569 6e66 6f20 7665 7273 696f 6e20 akeinfo version \n 00000030: 372e 3120 6672 6f6d 2067 7275 622e 7465 7.1 from grub.te\n 00000040: 7869 2e0a 0a54 6869 7320 6d61 6e75 616c xi...This manual\n 00000050: 2069 7320 666f 7220 474e 5520 4752 5542 is for GNU GRUB\n 00000060: 2028 7665 7273 696f 6e20 322e 3132 2c20 (version 2.12, \n-00000070: 3237 2041 7072 696c 2032 3032 3429 2e0a 27 April 2024)..\n-00000080: 0a20 2020 436f 7079 7269 6768 7420 c2a9 . Copyright ..\n-00000090: 0a31 3939 392c 3230 3030 2c32 3030 312c .1999,2000,2001,\n-000000a0: 3230 3032 2c32 3030 342c 3230 3036 2c32 2002,2004,2006,2\n-000000b0: 3030 382c 3230 3039 2c32 3031 302c 3230 008,2009,2010,20\n-000000c0: 3131 2c32 3031 322c 3230 3133 2046 7265 11,2012,2013 Fre\n-000000d0: 650a 536f 6674 7761 7265 2046 6f75 6e64 e.Software Found\n-000000e0: 6174 696f 6e2c 2049 6e63 2e0a 0a20 2020 ation, Inc... \n-000000f0: 2020 5065 726d 6973 7369 6f6e 2069 7320 Permission is \n-00000100: 6772 616e 7465 6420 746f 2063 6f70 792c granted to copy,\n-00000110: 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6520 616e 642f distribute and/\n-00000120: 6f72 206d 6f64 6966 7920 7468 6973 0a20 or modify this. \n-00000130: 2020 2020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 2075 6e64 document und\n-00000140: 6572 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d73 206f 6620 er the terms of \n-00000150: 7468 6520 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 the GNU Free Doc\n-00000160: 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e umentation Licen\n-00000170: 7365 2c0a 2020 2020 2056 6572 7369 6f6e se,. Version\n-00000180: 2031 2e32 206f 7220 616e 7920 6c61 7465 1.2 or any late\n-00000190: 7220 7665 7273 696f 6e20 7075 626c 6973 r version publis\n-000001a0: 6865 6420 6279 2074 6865 2046 7265 6520 hed by the Free \n-000001b0: 536f 6674 7761 7265 0a20 2020 2020 466f Software. Fo\n-000001c0: 756e 6461 7469 6f6e 3b20 7769 7468 206e undation; with n\n-000001d0: 6f20 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 6374 o Invariant Sect\n-000001e0: 696f 6e73 2e0a 494e 464f 2d44 4952 2d53 ions..INFO-DIR-S\n-000001f0: 4543 5449 4f4e 204b 6572 6e65 6c0a 5354 ECTION Kernel.ST\n-00000200: 4152 542d 494e 464f 2d44 4952 2d45 4e54 ART-INFO-DIR-ENT\n-00000210: 5259 0a2a 2047 5255 423a 2028 6772 7562 RY.* GRUB: (grub\n-00000220: 292e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ). \n-00000230: 2020 2054 6865 2047 5261 6e64 2055 6e69 The GRand Uni\n-00000240: 6669 6564 2042 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 720a fied Bootloader.\n-00000250: 2a20 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a20 * grub-install: \n-00000260: 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 (grub)Invoking g\n-00000270: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c2e 2020 2020 rub-install. \n-00000280: 496e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 206f 6e20 Install GRUB on \n-00000290: 796f 7572 2064 7269 7665 0a2a 2067 7275 your drive.* gru\n-000002a0: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 3a20 2867 7275 b-mkconfig: (gru\n-000002b0: 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d b)Invoking grub-\n-000002c0: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 2e20 2047 656e 6572 mkconfig. Gener\n-000002d0: 6174 6520 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 ate GRUB configu\n-000002e0: 7261 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6b ration.* grub-mk\n-000002f0: 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 323a 2028 passwd-pbkdf2: (\n-00000300: 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 grub)Invoking gr\n-00000310: 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 ub-mkpasswd-pbkd\n-00000320: 6632 2e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c f2..* grub-mkrel\n-00000330: 7061 7468 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f path: (grub)Invo\n-00000340: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 king grub-mkrelp\n-00000350: 6174 682e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 ath..* grub-mkre\n-00000360: 7363 7565 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f scue: (grub)Invo\n-00000370: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 king grub-mkresc\n-00000380: 7565 2e20 204d 616b 6520 6120 4752 5542 ue. 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Pro\n-00000420: 6265 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e 666f 726d be device inform\n-00000430: 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d73 6372 ation.* grub-scr\n-00000440: 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b3a 2028 6772 7562 ipt-check: (grub\n-00000450: 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d73 )Invoking grub-s\n-00000460: 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b2e 0a45 4e44 cript-check..END\n-00000470: 2d49 4e46 4f2d 4449 522d 454e 5452 590a -INFO-DIR-ENTRY.\n-00000480: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00000490: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2054 6f70 2c20 fo, Node: Top, \n-000004a0: 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e74 726f 6475 6374 Next: Introduct\n-000004b0: 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 2864 6972 290a ion, Up: (dir).\n-000004c0: 0a47 4e55 2047 5255 4220 6d61 6e75 616c .GNU GRUB manual\n-000004d0: 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a .***************\n-000004e0: 0a0a 5468 6973 2069 7320 7468 6520 646f ..This is the do\n-000004f0: 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2047 cumentation of G\n-00000500: 4e55 2047 5255 422c 2074 6865 2047 5261 NU GRUB, the GRa\n-00000510: 6e64 2055 6e69 6669 6564 2042 6f6f 746c nd Unified Bootl\n-00000520: 6f61 6465 722c 2061 0a66 6c65 7869 626c oader, a.flexibl\n-00000530: 6520 616e 6420 706f 7765 7266 756c 2062 e and powerful b\n-00000540: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2070 726f 6772 oot loader progr\n-00000550: 616d 2066 6f72 2061 2077 6964 6520 7261 am for a wide ra\n-00000560: 6e67 6520 6f66 0a61 7263 6869 7465 6374 nge of.architect\n-00000570: 7572 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2065 ures... This e\n-00000580: 6469 7469 6f6e 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7473 dition documents\n-00000590: 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2032 2e31 322e 0a0a version 2.12...\n-000005a0: 2020 2054 6869 7320 6d61 6e75 616c 2069 This manual i\n-000005b0: 7320 666f 7220 474e 5520 4752 5542 2028 s for GNU GRUB (\n-000005c0: 7665 7273 696f 6e20 322e 3132 2c20 3237 version 2.12, 27\n-000005d0: 2041 7072 696c 2032 3032 3429 2e0a 0a20 April 2024)... \n-000005e0: 2020 436f 7079 7269 6768 7420 c2a9 0a31 Copyright ...1\n-000005f0: 3939 392c 3230 3030 2c32 3030 312c 3230 999,2000,2001,20\n-00000600: 3032 2c32 3030 342c 3230 3036 2c32 3030 02,2004,2006,200\n-00000610: 382c 3230 3039 2c32 3031 302c 3230 3131 8,2009,2010,2011\n-00000620: 2c32 3031 322c 3230 3133 2046 7265 650a ,2012,2013 Free.\n-00000630: 536f 6674 7761 7265 2046 6f75 6e64 6174 Software Foundat\n-00000640: 696f 6e2c 2049 6e63 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 ion, Inc... \n-00000650: 5065 726d 6973 7369 6f6e 2069 7320 6772 Permission is gr\n-00000660: 616e 7465 6420 746f 2063 6f70 792c 2064 anted to copy, d\n-00000670: 6973 7472 6962 7574 6520 616e 642f 6f72 istribute and/or\n-00000680: 206d 6f64 6966 7920 7468 6973 0a20 2020 modify this. \n-00000690: 2020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 2075 6e64 6572 document under\n-000006a0: 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d73 206f 6620 7468 the terms of th\n-000006b0: 6520 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 756d e GNU Free Docum\n-000006c0: 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e 7365 entation License\n-000006d0: 2c0a 2020 2020 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2031 ,. 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Foun\n-00000720: 6461 7469 6f6e 3b20 7769 7468 206e 6f20 dation; with no \n-00000730: 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 6374 696f Invariant Sectio\n-00000740: 6e73 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 ns...* Menu:..* \n-00000750: 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 Introduction:: \n-00000760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4361 Ca\n-00000770: 7074 7572 696e 6720 7468 6520 7370 6972 pturing the spir\n-00000780: 6974 206f 6620 4752 5542 0a2a 204e 616d it of GRUB.* Nam\n-00000790: 696e 6720 636f 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e 3a3a ing convention::\n-000007a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204e 616d 6573 Names\n-000007b0: 206f 6620 796f 7572 2064 7269 7665 7320 of your drives \n-000007c0: 696e 2047 5255 420a 2a20 4f53 2d73 7065 in GRUB.* OS-spe\n-000007d0: 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 7320 6162 6f75 cific notes abou\n-000007e0: 7420 6772 7562 2074 6f6f 6c73 3a3a 0a20 t grub tools::. \n+00000070: 3331 204d 6179 2032 3032 3529 2e0a 0a20 31 May 2025)... \n+00000080: 2020 436f 7079 7269 6768 7420 c2a9 0a31 Copyright ...1\n+00000090: 3939 392c 3230 3030 2c32 3030 312c 3230 999,2000,2001,20\n+000000a0: 3032 2c32 3030 342c 3230 3036 2c32 3030 02,2004,2006,200\n+000000b0: 382c 3230 3039 2c32 3031 302c 3230 3131 8,2009,2010,2011\n+000000c0: 2c32 3031 322c 3230 3133 2046 7265 650a ,2012,2013 Free.\n+000000d0: 536f 6674 7761 7265 2046 6f75 6e64 6174 Software Foundat\n+000000e0: 696f 6e2c 2049 6e63 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 ion, Inc... \n+000000f0: 5065 726d 6973 7369 6f6e 2069 7320 6772 Permission is gr\n+00000100: 616e 7465 6420 746f 2063 6f70 792c 2064 anted to copy, d\n+00000110: 6973 7472 6962 7574 6520 616e 642f 6f72 istribute and/or\n+00000120: 206d 6f64 6966 7920 7468 6973 0a20 2020 modify this. \n+00000130: 2020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 2075 6e64 6572 document under\n+00000140: 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d73 206f 6620 7468 the terms of th\n+00000150: 6520 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 756d e GNU Free Docum\n+00000160: 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e 7365 entation License\n+00000170: 2c0a 2020 2020 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2031 ,. Version 1\n+00000180: 2e32 206f 7220 616e 7920 6c61 7465 7220 .2 or any later \n+00000190: 7665 7273 696f 6e20 7075 626c 6973 6865 version publishe\n+000001a0: 6420 6279 2074 6865 2046 7265 6520 536f d by the Free So\n+000001b0: 6674 7761 7265 0a20 2020 2020 466f 756e ftware. Foun\n+000001c0: 6461 7469 6f6e 3b20 7769 7468 206e 6f20 dation; with no \n+000001d0: 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 6374 696f Invariant Sectio\n+000001e0: 6e73 2e0a 494e 464f 2d44 4952 2d53 4543 ns..INFO-DIR-SEC\n+000001f0: 5449 4f4e 204b 6572 6e65 6c0a 5354 4152 TION Kernel.STAR\n+00000200: 542d 494e 464f 2d44 4952 2d45 4e54 5259 T-INFO-DIR-ENTRY\n+00000210: 0a2a 2047 5255 423a 2028 6772 7562 292e .* GRUB: (grub).\n+00000220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00000230: 2054 6865 2047 5261 6e64 2055 6e69 6669 The GRand Unifi\n+00000240: 6564 2042 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 720a 2a20 ed Bootloader.* \n+00000250: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a20 2867 grub-install: (g\n+00000260: 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 rub)Invoking gru\n+00000270: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c2e 2020 2020 496e b-install. In\n+00000280: 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 206f 6e20 796f stall GRUB on yo\n+00000290: 7572 2064 7269 7665 0a2a 2067 7275 622d ur drive.* grub-\n+000002a0: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 3a20 2867 7275 6229 mkconfig: (grub)\n+000002b0: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n+000002c0: 636f 6e66 6967 2e20 2047 656e 6572 6174 config. 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Make a GRUB r\n+00000390: 6573 6375 6520 696d 6167 650a 2a20 6772 escue image.* gr\n+000003a0: 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 3a20 2867 7275 6229 ub-mount: (grub)\n+000003b0: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6f Invoking grub-mo\n+000003c0: 756e 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d6f 756e unt. Moun\n+000003d0: 7420 6120 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 t a file system \n+000003e0: 7573 696e 6720 4752 5542 0a2a 2067 7275 using GRUB.* gru\n+000003f0: 622d 7072 6f62 653a 2028 6772 7562 2949 b-probe: (grub)I\n+00000400: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d70 726f nvoking grub-pro\n+00000410: 6265 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2050 726f 6265 be. 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This edi\n+00000580: 7469 6f6e 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7473 2076 tion documents v\n+00000590: 6572 7369 6f6e 2032 2e31 322e 0a0a 2020 ersion 2.12... \n+000005a0: 2054 6869 7320 6d61 6e75 616c 2069 7320 This manual is \n+000005b0: 666f 7220 474e 5520 4752 5542 2028 7665 for GNU GRUB (ve\n+000005c0: 7273 696f 6e20 322e 3132 2c20 3331 204d rsion 2.12, 31 M\n+000005d0: 6179 2032 3032 3529 2e0a 0a20 2020 436f ay 2025)... Co\n+000005e0: 7079 7269 6768 7420 c2a9 0a31 3939 392c pyright ...1999,\n+000005f0: 3230 3030 2c32 3030 312c 3230 3032 2c32 2000,2001,2002,2\n+00000600: 3030 342c 3230 3036 2c32 3030 382c 3230 004,2006,2008,20\n+00000610: 3039 2c32 3031 302c 3230 3131 2c32 3031 09,2010,2011,201\n+00000620: 322c 3230 3133 2046 7265 650a 536f 6674 2,2013 Free.Soft\n+00000630: 7761 7265 2046 6f75 6e64 6174 696f 6e2c ware Foundation,\n+00000640: 2049 6e63 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5065 726d Inc... Perm\n+00000650: 6973 7369 6f6e 2069 7320 6772 616e 7465 ission is grante\n+00000660: 6420 746f 2063 6f70 792c 2064 6973 7472 d to copy, distr\n+00000670: 6962 7574 6520 616e 642f 6f72 206d 6f64 ibute and/or mod\n+00000680: 6966 7920 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 646f ify this. do\n+00000690: 6375 6d65 6e74 2075 6e64 6572 2074 6865 cument under the\n+000006a0: 2074 6572 6d73 206f 6620 7468 6520 474e terms of the GN\n+000006b0: 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7461 U Free Documenta\n+000006c0: 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e 7365 2c0a 2020 tion License,. \n+000006d0: 2020 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2031 2e32 206f Version 1.2 o\n+000006e0: 7220 616e 7920 6c61 7465 7220 7665 7273 r any later vers\n+000006f0: 696f 6e20 7075 626c 6973 6865 6420 6279 ion published by\n+00000700: 2074 6865 2046 7265 6520 536f 6674 7761 the Free Softwa\n+00000710: 7265 0a20 2020 2020 466f 756e 6461 7469 re. Foundati\n+00000720: 6f6e 3b20 7769 7468 206e 6f20 496e 7661 on; with no Inva\n+00000730: 7269 616e 7420 5365 6374 696f 6e73 2e0a riant Sections..\n+00000740: 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 496e 7472 .* Menu:..* Intr\n+00000750: 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 oduction:: \n+00000760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4361 7074 7572 Captur\n+00000770: 696e 6720 7468 6520 7370 6972 6974 206f ing the spirit o\n+00000780: 6620 4752 5542 0a2a 204e 616d 696e 6720 f GRUB.* Naming \n+00000790: 636f 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 convention:: \n+000007a0: 2020 2020 2020 204e 616d 6573 206f 6620 Names of \n+000007b0: 796f 7572 2064 7269 7665 7320 696e 2047 your drives in G\n+000007c0: 5255 420a 2a20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 RUB.* OS-specifi\n+000007d0: 6320 6e6f 7465 7320 6162 6f75 7420 6772 c notes about gr\n+000007e0: 7562 2074 6f6f 6c73 3a3a 0a20 2020 2020 ub tools::. \n 000007f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 S\n-00000810: 6f6d 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7574 696c 6974 6965 r-space utilitie\n-00000d90: 730a 2a20 4f62 7461 696e 696e 6720 616e s.* Obtaining an\n-00000da0: 6420 4275 696c 6469 6e67 2047 5255 423a d Building GRUB:\n-00000db0: 3a20 486f 7720 746f 206f 6274 6169 6e20 : How to obtain \n-00000dc0: 616e 6420 6275 696c 6420 4752 5542 0a2a and build GRUB.*\n-00000dd0: 2052 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2062 7567 733a Reporting bugs:\n-00000de0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2057 : W\n-00000df0: 6865 7265 2079 6f75 2073 686f 756c 6420 here you should \n-00000e00: 7365 6e64 2061 2062 7567 2072 6570 6f72 send a bug repor\n-00000e10: 740a 2a20 4675 7475 7265 3a3a 2020 2020 t.* Future:: \n-00000e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000e30: 2020 536f 6d65 2066 7574 7572 6520 706c Some future pl\n-00000e40: 616e 7320 6f6e 2047 5255 420a 2a20 436f ans on GRUB.* Co\n-00000e50: 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 pying This Manua\n-00000e60: 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f 7079 l:: Copy\n-00000e70: 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 6c0a ing This Manual.\n-00000e80: 2a20 496e 6465 783a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c * Index::....Fil\n-00000e90: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00000ea0: 6f64 653a 2049 6e74 726f 6475 6374 696f ode: Introductio\n-00000eb0: 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4e61 6d69 6e67 n, Next: Naming\n-00000ec0: 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 convention, Pr\n-00000ed0: 6576 3a20 546f 702c 2020 5570 3a20 546f ev: Top, Up: To\n-00000ee0: 700a 0a31 2049 6e74 726f 6475 6374 696f p..1 Introductio\n-00000ef0: 6e20 746f 2047 5255 420a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a n to GRUB.******\n-00000f00: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00000f10: 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 204f 7665 ..* Menu:..* Ove\n-00000f20: 7276 6965 773a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 rview:: \n-00000f30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2057 6861 7420 What \n-00000f40: 6578 6163 746c 7920 4752 5542 2069 7320 exactly GRUB is \n-00000f50: 616e 6420 686f 7720 746f 2075 7365 2069 and how to use i\n-00000f60: 740a 2a20 4869 7374 6f72 793a 3a20 2020 t.* History:: \n-00000f70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000f80: 2020 4672 6f6d 206d 6167 676f 7420 746f From maggot to\n-00000f90: 2068 6f75 7365 2066 6c79 0a2a 2043 6861 house fly.* Cha\n-00000fa0: 6e67 6573 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 204c nges from GRUB L\n-00000fb0: 6567 6163 793a 3a20 2020 2044 6966 6665 egacy:: Diffe\n-00000fc0: 7265 6e63 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7072 6576 rences from prev\n-00000fd0: 696f 7573 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 730a 2a20 ious versions.* \n-00000fe0: 4665 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 Features:: \n-00000ff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 GR\n-00001000: 5542 2066 6561 7475 7265 730a 2a20 526f UB features.* Ro\n-00001010: 6c65 206f 6620 6120 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 le of a boot loa\n-00001020: 6465 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 der:: The \n-00001030: 726f 6c65 206f 6620 6120 626f 6f74 206c role of a boot l\n-00001040: 6f61 6465 720a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 oader....File: g\n-00001050: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00001060: 204f 7665 7276 6965 772c 2020 4e65 7874 Overview, Next\n-00001070: 3a20 4869 7374 6f72 792c 2020 5570 3a20 : History, Up: \n-00001080: 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e Introduction..1.\n-00001090: 3120 4f76 6572 7669 6577 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 1 Overview.=====\n-000010a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a42 7269 6566 6c79 =======..Briefly\n-000010b0: 2c20 6120 e280 9c62 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 , a ...boot load\n-000010c0: 6572 e280 9d20 6973 2074 6865 2066 6972 er... is the fir\n-000010d0: 7374 2073 6f66 7477 6172 6520 7072 6f67 st software prog\n-000010e0: 7261 6d20 7468 6174 2072 756e 7320 7768 ram that runs wh\n-000010f0: 656e 2061 0a63 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 7374 en a.computer st\n-00001100: 6172 7473 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2072 6573 arts. 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Using t\n-00001590: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 he command-line \n-000015a0: 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2079 6f75 2074 interface, you t\n-000015b0: 7970 6520 7468 6520 6472 6976 650a 7370 ype the drive.sp\n-000015c0: 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 616e 6420 ecification and \n-000015d0: 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 file name of the\n-000015e0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 kernel manually\n-000015f0: 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 0a69 . In the menu.i\n-00001600: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 796f 7520 6a75 nterface, you ju\n-00001610: 7374 2073 656c 6563 7420 616e 204f 5320 st select an OS \n-00001620: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 6172 726f 7720 using the arrow \n-00001630: 6b65 7973 2e20 2054 6865 206d 656e 7520 keys. 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(1) ...chai\n-00001860: 6e2d 6c6f 6164 e280 9d20 6973 2074 6865 n-load... is the\n-00001870: 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d 2066 6f72 206c mechanism for l\n-00001880: 6f61 6469 6e67 2075 6e73 7570 706f 7274 oading unsupport\n-00001890: 6564 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 0a73 7973 ed operating.sys\n-000018a0: 7465 6d73 2062 7920 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 tems by loading \n-000018b0: 616e 6f74 6865 7220 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 another boot loa\n-000018c0: 6465 722e 2020 4974 2069 7320 7479 7069 der. 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Er\n-00001a20: 6963 6820 616e 6420 4272 6961 6e20 466f ich and Brian Fo\n-00001a30: 7264 2064 6573 6967 6e65 6420 7468 6520 rd designed the \n-00001a40: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 Multiboot Specif\n-00001a50: 6963 6174 696f 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 0a4d ication (*note.M\n-00001a60: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2053 7065 6369 6669 ultiboot Specifi\n-00001a70: 6361 7469 6f6e 3a20 286d 756c 7469 626f cation: (multibo\n-00001a80: 6f74 2954 6f70 2e29 2c20 6265 6361 7573 ot)Top.), becaus\n-00001a90: 6520 7468 6579 2077 6572 6520 6465 7465 e they were dete\n-00001aa0: 726d 696e 6564 0a6e 6f74 2074 6f20 6164 rmined.not to ad\n-00001ab0: 6420 746f 2074 6865 206c 6172 6765 206e d to the large n\n-00001ac0: 756d 6265 7220 6f66 206d 7574 7561 6c6c umber of mutuall\n-00001ad0: 792d 696e 636f 6d70 6174 6962 6c65 2050 y-incompatible P\n-00001ae0: 4320 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 2e0a C boot methods..\n-00001af0: 0a20 2020 4572 6963 6820 7468 656e 2062 . 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By a\n-00002080: 726f 756e 6420 3230 3037 2c20 474e 552f round 2007, GNU/\n-00002090: 4c69 6e75 7820 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 Linux distributi\n-000020a0: 6f6e 7320 7374 6172 7465 6420 746f 2075 ons started to u\n-000020b0: 7365 2047 5255 4220 3220 746f 0a6c 696d se GRUB 2 to.lim\n-000020c0: 6974 6564 2065 7874 656e 7473 2c20 616e ited extents, an\n-000020d0: 6420 6279 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 d by the end of \n-000020e0: 3230 3039 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 6d61 2009 multiple ma\n-000020f0: 6a6f 7220 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e jor distribution\n-00002100: 730a 7765 7265 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e s.were installin\n-00002110: 6720 6974 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c 742e g it by default.\n-00002120: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00002130: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4368 616e nfo, Node: Chan\n-00002140: 6765 7320 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 4c65 ges from GRUB Le\n-00002150: 6761 6379 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2046 6561 gacy, Next: Fea\n-00002160: 7475 7265 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4869 tures, Prev: Hi\n-00002170: 7374 6f72 792c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7472 story, Up: Intr\n-00002180: 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3320 4469 oduction..1.3 Di\n-00002190: 6666 6572 656e 6365 7320 6672 6f6d 2070 fferences from p\n-000021a0: 7265 7669 6f75 7320 7665 7273 696f 6e73 revious versions\n-000021b0: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n+00000850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 746f 6f6c 730a tools.\n+00000860: 2a20 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a * Installation::\n+00000870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00000880: 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 Installing GRUB \n+00000890: 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6472 6976 650a 2a20 on your drive.* \n+000008a0: 426f 6f74 696e 673a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 Booting:: \n+000008b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 486f Ho\n+000008c0: 7720 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 6469 6666 6572 w to boot differ\n+000008d0: 656e 7420 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 ent operating sy\n+000008e0: 7374 656d 730a 2a20 436f 6e66 6967 7572 stems.* Configur\n+000008f0: 6174 696f 6e3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ation:: \n+00000900: 2020 2020 2020 5772 6974 696e 6720 796f Writing yo\n+00000910: 7572 206f 776e 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 ur own configura\n+00000920: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 650a 2a20 5468 656d tion file.* Them\n+00000930: 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 743a 3a20 e file format:: \n+00000940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 466f 726d 6174 Format\n+00000950: 206f 6620 4752 5542 2074 6865 6d65 2066 of GRUB theme f\n+00000960: 696c 6573 0a2a 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a iles.* Network::\n+00000970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00000980: 2020 2020 2044 6f77 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 Downloading\n+00000990: 204f 5320 696d 6167 6573 2066 726f 6d20 OS images from \n+000009a0: 6120 6e65 7477 6f72 6b0a 2a20 5365 7269 a network.* Seri\n+000009b0: 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c3a 3a20 2020 al terminal:: \n+000009c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5573 696e 6720 Using \n+000009d0: 4752 5542 2076 6961 2061 2073 6572 6961 GRUB via a seria\n+000009e0: 6c20 6c69 6e65 0a2a 2056 656e 646f 7220 l line.* Vendor \n+000009f0: 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 733a 3a20 power-on keys:: \n+00000a00: 2020 2020 2020 2043 6861 6e67 696e 6720 Changing \n+00000a10: 4752 5542 2062 6568 6176 696f 7572 206f GRUB behaviour o\n+00000a20: 6e20 7665 6e64 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f n vendor power-o\n+00000a30: 6e20 6b65 7973 0a2a 2049 6d61 6765 733a n keys.* Images:\n+00000a40: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+00000a50: 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 696d 6167 GRUB imag\n+00000a60: 6520 6669 6c65 730a 2a20 436f 7265 2069 e files.* Core i\n+00000a70: 6d61 6765 2073 697a 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 mage size limita\n+00000a80: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 4752 5542 2069 6d61 tion:: GRUB ima\n+00000a90: 6765 2066 696c 6573 2073 697a 6520 6c69 ge files size li\n+00000aa0: 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 730a 2a20 4669 6c65 mitations.* File\n+00000ab0: 7379 7374 656d 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 system:: \n+00000ac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4669 6c65 7379 Filesy\n+00000ad0: 7374 656d 2073 796e 7461 7820 616e 6420 stem syntax and \n+00000ae0: 7365 6d61 6e74 6963 730a 2a20 496e 7465 semantics.* Inte\n+00000af0: 7266 6163 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 rface:: \n+00000b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6d65 The me\n+00000b10: 6e75 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 nu and the comma\n+00000b20: 6e64 2d6c 696e 650a 2a20 456e 7669 726f nd-line.* Enviro\n+00000b30: 6e6d 656e 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 nment:: \n+00000b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 2065 6e76 GRUB env\n+00000b50: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+00000b60: 6573 0a2a 204d 6f64 756c 6573 3a3a 2020 es.* Modules:: \n+00000b70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00000b80: 2020 2041 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206d 6f64 Available mod\n+00000b90: 756c 6573 0a2a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a ules.* Commands:\n+00000ba0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+00000bb0: 2020 2020 2041 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2062 Available b\n+00000bc0: 7569 6c74 696e 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a uiltin commands.\n+00000bd0: 2a20 496e 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 * Internationali\n+00000be0: 7361 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 sation:: \n+00000bf0: 546f 7069 6373 2072 656c 6174 696e 6720 Topics relating \n+00000c00: 746f 206c 616e 6775 6167 6520 7375 7070 to language supp\n+00000c10: 6f72 740a 2a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 3a3a ort.* Security::\n+00000c20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00000c30: 2020 2020 4175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 Authenticati\n+00000c40: 6f6e 2c20 6175 7468 6f72 6973 6174 696f on, authorisatio\n+00000c50: 6e2c 2061 6e64 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 n, and signature\n+00000c60: 730a 2a20 506c 6174 666f 726d 206c 696d s.* Platform lim\n+00000c70: 6974 6174 696f 6e73 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 itations:: \n+00000c80: 2020 506c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 Platform-speci\n+00000c90: 6669 6320 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 730a fic limitations.\n+00000ca0: 2a20 506c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 * Platform-speci\n+00000cb0: 6669 6320 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e73 3a3a fic operations::\n+00000cc0: 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 Platform-specif\n+00000cd0: 6963 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 730a 2a20 ic operations.* \n+00000ce0: 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6b65 726e 656c Supported kernel\n+00000cf0: 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5375 s:: Su\n+00000d00: 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6b65 726e 656c 730a pported kernels.\n+00000d10: 2a20 5472 6f75 626c 6573 686f 6f74 696e * Troubleshootin\n+00000d20: 673a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 g:: \n+00000d30: 4572 726f 7220 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2070 Error messages p\n+00000d40: 726f 6475 6365 6420 6279 2047 5255 420a roduced by GRUB.\n+00000d50: 2a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 * User-space uti\n+00000d60: 6c69 7469 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 lities:: \n+00000d70: 5573 6167 6520 6f66 2075 7365 722d 7370 Usage of user-sp\n+00000d80: 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 730a 2a20 ace utilities.* \n+00000d90: 4f62 7461 696e 696e 6720 616e 6420 4275 Obtaining and Bu\n+00000da0: 696c 6469 6e67 2047 5255 423a 3a20 486f ilding GRUB:: Ho\n+00000db0: 7720 746f 206f 6274 6169 6e20 616e 6420 w to obtain and \n+00000dc0: 6275 696c 6420 4752 5542 0a2a 2052 6570 build GRUB.* Rep\n+00000dd0: 6f72 7469 6e67 2062 7567 733a 3a20 2020 orting bugs:: \n+00000de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2057 6865 7265 Where\n+00000df0: 2079 6f75 2073 686f 756c 6420 7365 6e64 you should send\n+00000e00: 2061 2062 7567 2072 6570 6f72 740a 2a20 a bug report.* \n+00000e10: 4675 7475 7265 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 Future:: \n+00000e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 536f So\n+00000e30: 6d65 2066 7574 7572 6520 706c 616e 7320 me future plans \n+00000e40: 6f6e 2047 5255 420a 2a20 436f 7079 696e on GRUB.* Copyin\n+00000e50: 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 6c3a 3a20 g This Manual:: \n+00000e60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f 7079 696e 6720 Copying \n+00000e70: 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 6c0a 2a20 496e This Manual.* In\n+00000e80: 6465 783a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 dex::....File: g\n+00000e90: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00000ea0: 2049 6e74 726f 6475 6374 696f 6e2c 2020 Introduction, \n+00000eb0: 4e65 7874 3a20 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e Next: Naming con\n+00000ec0: 7665 6e74 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 vention, Prev: \n+00000ed0: 546f 702c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 Top, Up: Top..1\n+00000ee0: 2049 6e74 726f 6475 6374 696f 6e20 746f Introduction to\n+00000ef0: 2047 5255 420a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a GRUB.**********\n+00000f00: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 ************..* \n+00000f10: 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 204f 7665 7276 6965 Menu:..* Overvie\n+00000f20: 773a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 w:: \n+00000f30: 2020 2020 2020 2057 6861 7420 6578 6163 What exac\n+00000f40: 746c 7920 4752 5542 2069 7320 616e 6420 tly GRUB is and \n+00000f50: 686f 7720 746f 2075 7365 2069 740a 2a20 how to use it.* \n+00000f60: 4869 7374 6f72 793a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 History:: \n+00000f70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4672 Fr\n+00000f80: 6f6d 206d 6167 676f 7420 746f 2068 6f75 om maggot to hou\n+00000f90: 7365 2066 6c79 0a2a 2043 6861 6e67 6573 se fly.* Changes\n+00000fa0: 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 from GRUB Legac\n+00000fb0: 793a 3a20 2020 2044 6966 6665 7265 6e63 y:: Differenc\n+00000fc0: 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7072 6576 696f 7573 es from previous\n+00000fd0: 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 730a 2a20 4665 6174 versions.* Feat\n+00000fe0: 7572 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ures:: \n+00000ff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 2066 GRUB f\n+00001000: 6561 7475 7265 730a 2a20 526f 6c65 206f eatures.* Role o\n+00001010: 6620 6120 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 723a f a boot loader:\n+00001020: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 726f 6c65 : The role\n+00001030: 206f 6620 6120 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 of a boot loade\n+00001040: 720a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e r....File: grub.\n+00001050: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204f 7665 info, Node: Ove\n+00001060: 7276 6965 772c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4869 rview, Next: Hi\n+00001070: 7374 6f72 792c 2020 5570 3a20 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It is respons\n+00001110: 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 ible for loading\n+00001120: 2061 6e64 2074 7261 6e73 6665 7272 696e and transferrin\n+00001130: 6720 636f 6e74 726f 6c0a 746f 2061 6e20 g control.to an \n+00001140: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n+00001150: 20e2 809c 6b65 726e 656c e280 9d20 736f ...kernel... so\n+00001160: 6674 7761 7265 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 ftware (such as \n+00001170: 4c69 6e75 7820 6f72 2047 4e55 204d 6163 Linux or GNU Mac\n+00001180: 6829 2e0a 5468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2c20 h)..The kernel, \n+00001190: 696e 2074 7572 6e2c 2069 6e69 7469 616c in turn, initial\n+000011a0: 697a 6573 2074 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 izes the rest of\n+000011b0: 2074 6865 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 the operating s\n+000011c0: 7973 7465 6d20 2865 2e67 2e0a 6120 474e ystem (e.g..a GN\n+000011d0: 5520 7379 7374 656d 292e 0a0a 2020 2047 U system)... G\n+000011e0: 4e55 2047 5255 4220 6973 2061 2076 6572 NU GRUB is a ver\n+000011f0: 7920 706f 7765 7266 756c 2062 6f6f 7420 y powerful boot \n+00001200: 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6361 loader, which ca\n+00001210: 6e20 6c6f 6164 2061 2077 6964 650a 7661 n load a wide.va\n+00001220: 7269 6574 7920 6f66 2066 7265 6520 6f70 riety of free op\n+00001230: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 732c erating systems,\n+00001240: 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 7072 6f70 as well as prop\n+00001250: 7269 6574 6172 7920 6f70 6572 6174 696e rietary operatin\n+00001260: 670a 7379 7374 656d 7320 7769 7468 2063 g.systems with c\n+00001270: 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2831 2920 hain-loading(1) \n+00001280: 282a 6e6f 7465 204f 7665 7276 6965 772d (*note Overview-\n+00001290: 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 292e 2020 Footnote-1::). \n+000012a0: 4752 5542 2069 730a 6465 7369 676e 6564 GRUB is.designed\n+000012b0: 2074 6f20 6164 6472 6573 7320 7468 6520 to address the \n+000012c0: 636f 6d70 6c65 7869 7479 206f 6620 626f complexity of bo\n+000012d0: 6f74 696e 6720 6120 7065 7273 6f6e 616c oting a personal\n+000012e0: 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 723b 2062 6f74 680a computer; both.\n+000012f0: 7468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 616e 6420 the program and \n+00001300: 7468 6973 206d 616e 7561 6c20 6172 6520 this manual are \n+00001310: 7469 6768 746c 7920 626f 756e 6420 746f tightly bound to\n+00001320: 2074 6861 7420 636f 6d70 7574 6572 2070 that computer p\n+00001330: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2c 0a61 6c74 686f 7567 latform,.althoug\n+00001340: 6820 706f 7274 696e 6720 746f 206f 7468 h porting to oth\n+00001350: 6572 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 206d 6179 er platforms may\n+00001360: 2062 6520 6164 6472 6573 7365 6420 696e be addressed in\n+00001370: 2074 6865 2066 7574 7572 652e 0a0a 2020 the future... \n+00001380: 204f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6520 696d 706f One of the impo\n+00001390: 7274 616e 7420 6665 6174 7572 6573 2069 rtant features i\n+000013a0: 6e20 4752 5542 2069 7320 666c 6578 6962 n GRUB is flexib\n+000013b0: 696c 6974 793b 2047 5255 420a 756e 6465 ility; GRUB.unde\n+000013c0: 7273 7461 6e64 7320 6669 6c65 7379 7374 rstands filesyst\n+000013d0: 656d 7320 616e 6420 6b65 726e 656c 2065 ems and kernel e\n+000013e0: 7865 6375 7461 626c 6520 666f 726d 6174 xecutable format\n+000013f0: 732c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 6c6f s, so you can lo\n+00001400: 6164 0a61 6e20 6172 6269 7472 6172 7920 ad.an arbitrary \n+00001410: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n+00001420: 2074 6865 2077 6179 2079 6f75 206c 696b the way you lik\n+00001430: 652c 2077 6974 686f 7574 2072 6563 6f72 e, without recor\n+00001440: 6469 6e67 2074 6865 0a70 6879 7369 6361 ding the.physica\n+00001450: 6c20 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 796f l position of yo\n+00001460: 7572 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f6e 2074 6865 ur kernel on the\n+00001470: 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 5468 7573 2079 6f75 disk. Thus you\n+00001480: 2063 616e 206c 6f61 6420 7468 650a 6b65 can load the.ke\n+00001490: 726e 656c 206a 7573 7420 6279 2073 7065 rnel just by spe\n+000014a0: 6369 6679 696e 6720 6974 7320 6669 6c65 cifying its file\n+000014b0: 206e 616d 6520 616e 6420 7468 6520 6472 name and the dr\n+000014c0: 6976 6520 616e 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f ive and partitio\n+000014d0: 6e0a 7768 6572 6520 7468 6520 6b65 726e n.where the kern\n+000014e0: 656c 2072 6573 6964 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 el resides... \n+000014f0: 5768 656e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2077 6974 When booting wit\n+00001500: 6820 4752 5542 2c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 h GRUB, you can \n+00001510: 7573 6520 6569 7468 6572 2061 2063 6f6d use either a com\n+00001520: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 mand-line interf\n+00001530: 6163 650a 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 ace.(*note Comma\n+00001540: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 nd-line interfac\n+00001550: 653a 3a29 2c20 6f72 2061 206d 656e 7520 e::), or a menu \n+00001560: 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 interface (*note\n+00001570: 204d 656e 750a 696e 7465 7266 6163 653a Menu.interface:\n+00001580: 3a29 2e20 2055 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2063 :). Using the c\n+00001590: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 ommand-line inte\n+000015a0: 7266 6163 652c 2079 6f75 2074 7970 6520 rface, you type \n+000015b0: 7468 6520 6472 6976 650a 7370 6563 6966 the drive.specif\n+000015c0: 6963 6174 696f 6e20 616e 6420 6669 6c65 ication and file\n+000015d0: 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 206b 6572 name of the ker\n+000015e0: 6e65 6c20 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 2e20 2049 nel manually. I\n+000015f0: 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 0a69 6e74 6572 n the menu.inter\n+00001600: 6661 6365 2c20 796f 7520 6a75 7374 2073 face, you just s\n+00001610: 656c 6563 7420 616e 204f 5320 7573 696e elect an OS usin\n+00001620: 6720 7468 6520 6172 726f 7720 6b65 7973 g the arrow keys\n+00001630: 2e20 2054 6865 206d 656e 7520 6973 0a62 . The menu is.b\n+00001640: 6173 6564 206f 6e20 6120 636f 6e66 6967 ased on a config\n+00001650: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2077 6869 uration file whi\n+00001660: 6368 2079 6f75 2070 7265 7061 7265 2062 ch you prepare b\n+00001670: 6566 6f72 6568 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 eforehand (*note\n+00001680: 0a43 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a .Configuration::\n+00001690: 292e 2020 5768 696c 6520 696e 2074 6865 ). While in the\n+000016a0: 206d 656e 752c 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2073 menu, you can s\n+000016b0: 7769 7463 6820 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6d witch to the com\n+000016c0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 650a 6d6f 6465 2c20 mand-line.mode, \n+000016d0: 616e 6420 7669 6365 2d76 6572 7361 2e20 and vice-versa. \n+000016e0: 2059 6f75 2063 616e 2065 7665 6e20 6564 You can even ed\n+000016f0: 6974 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 it menu entries \n+00001700: 6265 666f 7265 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 before using the\n+00001710: 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 7468 6520 666f m... In the fo\n+00001720: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6368 6170 7465 7273 llowing chapters\n+00001730: 2c20 796f 7520 7769 6c6c 206c 6561 726e , you will learn\n+00001740: 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 how to specify \n+00001750: 6120 6472 6976 652c 2061 0a70 6172 7469 a drive, a.parti\n+00001760: 7469 6f6e 2c20 616e 6420 6120 6669 6c65 tion, and a file\n+00001770: 206e 616d 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 204e 616d name (*note Nam\n+00001780: 696e 6720 636f 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e 3a3a ing convention::\n+00001790: 2920 746f 2047 5255 422c 2068 6f77 2074 ) to GRUB, how t\n+000017a0: 6f0a 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 206f o.install GRUB o\n+000017b0: 6e20 796f 7572 2064 7269 7665 2028 2a6e n your drive (*n\n+000017c0: 6f74 6520 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e ote Installation\n+000017d0: 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 ::), and how to \n+000017e0: 626f 6f74 2079 6f75 720a 4f53 6573 2028 boot your.OSes (\n+000017f0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 426f 6f74 696e 673a 3a29 *note Booting::)\n+00001800: 2c20 7374 6570 2062 7920 7374 6570 2e0a , step by step..\n+00001810: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00001820: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204f 7665 7276 fo, Node: Overv\n+00001830: 6965 772d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 iew-Footnotes, \n+00001840: 5570 3a20 4f76 6572 7669 6577 0a0a 2020 Up: Overview.. \n+00001850: 2028 3129 20e2 809c 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f (1) ...chain-lo\n+00001860: 6164 e280 9d20 6973 2074 6865 206d 6563 ad... is the mec\n+00001870: 6861 6e69 736d 2066 6f72 206c 6f61 6469 hanism for loadi\n+00001880: 6e67 2075 6e73 7570 706f 7274 6564 206f ng unsupported o\n+00001890: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 0a73 7973 7465 6d73 perating.systems\n+000018a0: 2062 7920 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 616e 6f74 by loading anot\n+000018b0: 6865 7220 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722e her boot loader.\n+000018c0: 2020 4974 2069 7320 7479 7069 6361 6c6c It is typicall\n+000018d0: 7920 7573 6564 2066 6f72 0a6c 6f61 6469 y used for.loadi\n+000018e0: 6e67 2044 4f53 206f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 ng DOS or Window\n+000018f0: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n+00001900: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4869 .info, Node: Hi\n+00001910: 7374 6f72 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4368 story, Next: Ch\n+00001920: 616e 6765 7320 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 anges from GRUB \n+00001930: 4c65 6761 6379 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204f Legacy, Prev: O\n+00001940: 7665 7276 6965 772c 2020 5570 3a20 496e verview, Up: In\n+00001950: 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3220 troduction..1.2 \n+00001960: 4869 7374 6f72 7920 6f66 2047 5255 420a History of GRUB.\n+00001970: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00001980: 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 6f72 6967 696e ===..GRUB origin\n+00001990: 6174 6564 2069 6e20 3139 3935 2077 6865 ated in 1995 whe\n+000019a0: 6e20 4572 6963 6820 426f 6c65 796e 2077 n Erich Boleyn w\n+000019b0: 6173 2074 7279 696e 6720 746f 2062 6f6f as trying to boo\n+000019c0: 7420 7468 6520 474e 550a 4875 7264 2077 t the GNU.Hurd w\n+000019d0: 6974 6820 7468 6520 556e 6976 6572 7369 ith the Universi\n+000019e0: 7479 206f 6620 5574 6168 2773 204d 6163 ty of Utah's Mac\n+000019f0: 6820 3420 6d69 6372 6f6b 6572 6e65 6c20 h 4 microkernel \n+00001a00: 286e 6f77 206b 6e6f 776e 2061 7320 474e (now known as GN\n+00001a10: 550a 4d61 6368 292e 2020 4572 6963 6820 U.Mach). Erich \n+00001a20: 616e 6420 4272 6961 6e20 466f 7264 2064 and Brian Ford d\n+00001a30: 6573 6967 6e65 6420 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 esigned the Mult\n+00001a40: 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 iboot Specificat\n+00001a50: 696f 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 0a4d 756c 7469 ion (*note.Multi\n+00001a60: 626f 6f74 2053 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 boot Specificati\n+00001a70: 6f6e 3a20 286d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2954 on: (multiboot)T\n+00001a80: 6f70 2e29 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 7468 op.), because th\n+00001a90: 6579 2077 6572 6520 6465 7465 726d 696e ey were determin\n+00001aa0: 6564 0a6e 6f74 2074 6f20 6164 6420 746f ed.not to add to\n+00001ab0: 2074 6865 206c 6172 6765 206e 756d 6265 the large numbe\n+00001ac0: 7220 6f66 206d 7574 7561 6c6c 792d 696e r of mutually-in\n+00001ad0: 636f 6d70 6174 6962 6c65 2050 4320 626f compatible PC bo\n+00001ae0: 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 2e0a 0a20 2020 ot methods... \n+00001af0: 4572 6963 6820 7468 656e 2062 6567 616e Erich then began\n+00001b00: 206d 6f64 6966 7969 6e67 2074 6865 2046 modifying the F\n+00001b10: 7265 6542 5344 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 reeBSD boot load\n+00001b20: 6572 2073 6f20 7468 6174 2069 7420 776f er so that it wo\n+00001b30: 756c 640a 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 204d uld.understand M\n+00001b40: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2e20 2048 6520 736f ultiboot. He so\n+00001b50: 6f6e 2072 6561 6c69 7a65 6420 7468 6174 on realized that\n+00001b60: 2069 7420 776f 756c 6420 6265 2061 206c it would be a l\n+00001b70: 6f74 2065 6173 6965 7220 746f 0a77 7269 ot easier to.wri\n+00001b80: 7465 2068 6973 206f 776e 2062 6f6f 7420 te his own boot \n+00001b90: 6c6f 6164 6572 2066 726f 6d20 7363 7261 loader from scra\n+00001ba0: 7463 6820 7468 616e 2074 6f20 6b65 6570 tch than to keep\n+00001bb0: 2077 6f72 6b69 6e67 206f 6e20 7468 650a working on the.\n+00001bc0: 4672 6565 4253 4420 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 FreeBSD boot loa\n+00001bd0: 6465 722c 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 4752 5542 der, and so GRUB\n+00001be0: 2077 6173 2062 6f72 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2045 was born... E\n+00001bf0: 7269 6368 2061 6464 6564 206d 616e 7920 rich added many \n+00001c00: 6665 6174 7572 6573 2074 6f20 4752 5542 features to GRUB\n+00001c10: 2c20 6275 7420 6f74 6865 7220 7072 696f , but other prio\n+00001c20: 7269 7469 6573 2070 7265 7665 6e74 6564 rities prevented\n+00001c30: 2068 696d 0a66 726f 6d20 6b65 6570 696e him.from keepin\n+00001c40: 6720 7570 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6465 g up with the de\n+00001c50: 6d61 6e64 7320 6f66 2069 7473 2071 7569 mands of its qui\n+00001c60: 636b 6c79 2d65 7870 616e 6469 6e67 2075 ckly-expanding u\n+00001c70: 7365 7220 6261 7365 2e20 2049 6e0a 3139 ser base. In.19\n+00001c80: 3939 2c20 476f 7264 6f6e 204d 6174 7a69 99, Gordon Matzi\n+00001c90: 676b 6569 7420 616e 6420 596f 7368 696e gkeit and Yoshin\n+00001ca0: 6f72 6920 4b2e 204f 6b75 6a69 2061 646f ori K. Okuji ado\n+00001cb0: 7074 6564 2047 5255 4220 6173 2061 6e0a pted GRUB as an.\n+00001cc0: 6f66 6669 6369 616c 2047 4e55 2070 6163 official GNU pac\n+00001cd0: 6b61 6765 2c20 616e 6420 6f70 656e 6564 kage, and opened\n+00001ce0: 2069 7473 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 its development\n+00001cf0: 2062 7920 6d61 6b69 6e67 2074 6865 206c by making the l\n+00001d00: 6174 6573 740a 736f 7572 6365 7320 6176 atest.sources av\n+00001d10: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7669 6120 616e 6f6e ailable via anon\n+00001d20: 796d 6f75 7320 4356 532e 202a 4e6f 7465 ymous CVS. *Note\n+00001d30: 204f 6274 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 Obtaining and B\n+00001d40: 7569 6c64 696e 670a 4752 5542 3a3a 2c20 uilding.GRUB::, \n+00001d50: 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 for more informa\n+00001d60: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f76 6572 2074 tion... Over t\n+00001d70: 6865 206e 6578 7420 6665 7720 7965 6172 he next few year\n+00001d80: 732c 2047 5255 4220 7761 7320 6578 7465 s, GRUB was exte\n+00001d90: 6e64 6564 2074 6f20 6d65 6574 206d 616e nded to meet man\n+00001da0: 7920 6e65 6564 732c 2062 7574 2069 740a y needs, but it.\n+00001db0: 7175 6963 6b6c 7920 6265 6361 6d65 2063 quickly became c\n+00001dc0: 6c65 6172 2074 6861 7420 6974 7320 6465 lear that its de\n+00001dd0: 7369 676e 2077 6173 206e 6f74 206b 6565 sign was not kee\n+00001de0: 7069 6e67 2075 7020 7769 7468 2074 6865 ping up with the\n+00001df0: 0a65 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 6265 696e .extensions bein\n+00001e00: 6720 6d61 6465 2074 6f20 6974 2c20 616e g made to it, an\n+00001e10: 6420 7765 2072 6561 6368 6564 2074 6865 d we reached the\n+00001e20: 2070 6f69 6e74 2077 6865 7265 2069 7420 point where it \n+00001e30: 7761 7320 7665 7279 0a64 6966 6669 6375 was very.difficu\n+00001e40: 6c74 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2061 6e79 2066 lt to make any f\n+00001e50: 7572 7468 6572 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2077 urther changes w\n+00001e60: 6974 686f 7574 2062 7265 616b 696e 6720 ithout breaking \n+00001e70: 6578 6973 7469 6e67 0a66 6561 7475 7265 existing.feature\n+00001e80: 732e 2020 4172 6f75 6e64 2032 3030 322c s. Around 2002,\n+00001e90: 2059 6f73 6869 6e6f 7269 204b 2e20 4f6b Yoshinori K. Ok\n+00001ea0: 756a 6920 7374 6172 7465 6420 776f 726b uji started work\n+00001eb0: 206f 6e20 5055 5041 0a28 5072 656c 696d on PUPA.(Prelim\n+00001ec0: 696e 6172 7920 556e 6976 6572 7361 6c20 inary Universal \n+00001ed0: 5072 6f67 7261 6d6d 696e 6720 4172 6368 Programming Arch\n+00001ee0: 6974 6563 7475 7265 2066 6f72 2047 4e55 itecture for GNU\n+00001ef0: 2047 5255 4229 2c20 6169 6d69 6e67 2074 GRUB), aiming t\n+00001f00: 6f0a 7265 7772 6974 6520 7468 6520 636f o.rewrite the co\n+00001f10: 7265 206f 6620 4752 5542 2074 6f20 6d61 re of GRUB to ma\n+00001f20: 6b65 2069 7420 636c 6561 6e65 722c 2073 ke it cleaner, s\n+00001f30: 6166 6572 2c20 6d6f 7265 2072 6f62 7573 afer, more robus\n+00001f40: 742c 2061 6e64 0a6d 6f72 6520 706f 7765 t, and.more powe\n+00001f50: 7266 756c 2e20 2050 5550 4120 7761 7320 rful. PUPA was \n+00001f60: 6576 656e 7475 616c 6c79 2072 656e 616d eventually renam\n+00001f70: 6564 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2032 2c20 616e ed to GRUB 2, an\n+00001f80: 6420 7468 6520 6f72 6967 696e 616c 0a76 d the original.v\n+00001f90: 6572 7369 6f6e 206f 6620 4752 5542 2077 ersion of GRUB w\n+00001fa0: 6173 2072 656e 616d 6564 2074 6f20 4752 as renamed to GR\n+00001fb0: 5542 204c 6567 6163 792e 2020 536d 616c UB Legacy. Smal\n+00001fc0: 6c20 616d 6f75 6e74 7320 6f66 0a6d 6169 l amounts of.mai\n+00001fd0: 6e74 656e 616e 6365 2063 6f6e 7469 6e75 ntenance continu\n+00001fe0: 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2064 6f6e 6520 6f6e ed to be done on\n+00001ff0: 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2c20 6275 GRUB Legacy, bu\n+00002000: 7420 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2072 656c 6561 t the last relea\n+00002010: 7365 0a28 302e 3937 2920 7761 7320 6d61 se.(0.97) was ma\n+00002020: 6465 2069 6e20 3230 3035 2061 6e64 2061 de in 2005 and a\n+00002030: 7420 7468 6520 7469 6d65 206f 6620 7772 t the time of wr\n+00002040: 6974 696e 6720 6974 2073 6565 6d73 2075 iting it seems u\n+00002050: 6e6c 696b 656c 790a 7468 6174 2074 6865 nlikely.that the\n+00002060: 7265 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2061 6e6f 7468 re will be anoth\n+00002070: 6572 2e0a 0a20 2020 4279 2061 726f 756e er... By aroun\n+00002080: 6420 3230 3037 2c20 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 d 2007, GNU/Linu\n+00002090: 7820 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 7320 x distributions \n+000020a0: 7374 6172 7465 6420 746f 2075 7365 2047 started to use G\n+000020b0: 5255 4220 3220 746f 0a6c 696d 6974 6564 RUB 2 to.limited\n+000020c0: 2065 7874 656e 7473 2c20 616e 6420 6279 extents, and by\n+000020d0: 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 3230 3039 the end of 2009\n+000020e0: 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 6d61 6a6f 7220 multiple major \n+000020f0: 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 730a 7765 distributions.we\n+00002100: 7265 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 6974 re installing it\n+00002110: 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c 742e 0a0a 1f0a by default.....\n+00002120: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00002130: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4368 616e 6765 7320 Node: Changes \n+00002140: 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 from GRUB Legacy\n+00002150: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2046 6561 7475 7265 , Next: Feature\n+00002160: 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4869 7374 6f72 s, Prev: Histor\n+00002170: 792c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 y, Up: Introduc\n+00002180: 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3320 4469 6666 6572 tion..1.3 Differ\n+00002190: 656e 6365 7320 6672 6f6d 2070 7265 7669 ences from previ\n+000021a0: 6f75 7320 7665 7273 696f 6e73 0a3d 3d3d ous versions.===\n+000021b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 000021c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000021d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 3220 =======..GRUB 2 \n-000021e0: 6973 2061 2072 6577 7269 7465 206f 6620 is a rewrite of \n-000021f0: 4752 5542 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4869 7374 GRUB (*note Hist\n-00002200: 6f72 793a 3a29 2c20 616c 7468 6f75 6768 ory::), although\n-00002210: 2069 7420 7368 6172 6573 206d 616e 790a it shares many.\n-00002220: 6368 6172 6163 7465 7269 7374 6963 7320 characteristics \n-00002230: 7769 7468 2074 6865 2070 7265 7669 6f75 with the previou\n-00002240: 7320 7665 7273 696f 6e2c 206e 6f77 206b s version, now k\n-00002250: 6e6f 776e 2061 7320 4752 5542 204c 6567 nown as GRUB Leg\n-00002260: 6163 792e 0a55 7365 7273 206f 6620 4752 acy..Users of GR\n-00002270: 5542 204c 6567 6163 7920 6d61 7920 6e65 UB Legacy may ne\n-00002280: 6564 2073 6f6d 6520 6775 6964 616e 6365 ed some guidance\n-00002290: 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 6865 6972 2077 to find their w\n-000022a0: 6179 2061 726f 756e 640a 7468 6973 206e ay around.this n\n-000022b0: 6577 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 ew version... \n-000022c0: e280 a220 5468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 ... 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(*n\n-00002460: 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 ote Simple confi\n-00002470: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 guration::). Th\n-00002480: 6973 206d 616b 6573 2069 7420 6561 7369 is makes it easi\n-00002490: 6572 2074 6f20 6861 6e64 6c65 0a20 2020 er to handle. \n-000024a0: 2020 7665 7273 696f 6e65 6420 6b65 726e versioned kern\n-000024b0: 656c 2075 7067 7261 6465 732e 0a0a 2020 el upgrades... \n-000024c0: 20e2 80a2 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206e ... Partition n\n-000024d0: 756d 6265 7273 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2064 umbers in GRUB d\n-000024e0: 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6e6f 7720 evice names now \n-000024f0: 7374 6172 7420 6174 2031 2c20 6e6f 7420 start at 1, not \n-00002500: 3020 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4e61 0 (*note. Na\n-00002510: 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e3a ming convention:\n-00002520: 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 5468 6520 :)... ... The \n-00002530: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n-00002540: 6c65 2069 7320 6e6f 7720 7772 6974 7465 le is now writte\n-00002550: 6e20 696e 2073 6f6d 6574 6869 6e67 2063 n in something c\n-00002560: 6c6f 7365 7220 746f 2061 2066 756c 6c0a loser to a full.\n-00002570: 2020 2020 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 206c scripting l\n-00002580: 616e 6775 6167 653a 2076 6172 6961 626c anguage: variabl\n-00002590: 6573 2c20 636f 6e64 6974 696f 6e61 6c73 es, conditionals\n-000025a0: 2c20 616e 6420 6c6f 6f70 7320 6172 650a , and loops are.\n-000025b0: 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e0a available..\n-000025c0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4120 736d 616c 6c20 . ... A small \n-000025d0: 616d 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 7065 7273 6973 amount of persis\n-000025e0: 7465 6e74 2073 746f 7261 6765 2069 7320 tent storage is \n-000025f0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6163 726f 7373 available across\n-00002600: 2072 6562 6f6f 7473 2c0a 2020 2020 2075 reboots,. u\n-00002610: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7361 7665 sing the ...save\n-00002620: 5f65 6e76 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 986c _env... and ...l\n-00002630: 6f61 645f 656e 76e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 oad_env... comma\n-00002640: 6e64 7320 696e 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 nds in GRUB and \n-00002650: 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 the. ...grub\n-00002660: 2d65 6469 7465 6e76 e280 9920 7574 696c -editenv... util\n-00002670: 6974 792e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6e6f ity. This is no\n-00002680: 7420 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e 2061 t available in a\n-00002690: 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 ll. configur\n-000026a0: 6174 696f 6e73 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 456e ations (*note En\n-000026b0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b3a vironment block:\n-000026c0: 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4752 5542 :)... ... 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GRUB 2 is ava\n-000027d0: 696c 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 2073 6576 6572 ilable for sever\n-000027e0: 616c 206f 7468 6572 2074 7970 6573 206f al other types o\n-000027f0: 6620 7379 7374 656d 2069 6e20 6164 6469 f system in addi\n-00002800: 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2074 6865 tion. to the\n-00002810: 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2073 7973 7465 6d73 PC BIOS systems\n-00002820: 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2062 7920 4752 supported by GR\n-00002830: 5542 204c 6567 6163 793a 2050 4320 4546 UB Legacy: PC EF\n-00002840: 492c 2050 430a 2020 2020 2063 6f72 6562 I, PC. coreb\n-00002850: 6f6f 742c 2050 6f77 6572 5043 2c20 5350 oot, PowerPC, SP\n-00002860: 4152 432c 2061 6e64 204d 4950 5320 4c65 ARC, and MIPS Le\n-00002870: 6d6f 7465 2059 6565 6c6f 6f6e 6720 6172 mote Yeeloong ar\n-00002880: 6520 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 7570 706f e all. suppo\n-00002890: 7274 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4d61 rted... ... Ma\n-000028a0: 6e79 206d 6f72 6520 6669 6c65 2073 7973 ny more file sys\n-000028b0: 7465 6d73 2061 7265 2073 7570 706f 7274 tems are support\n-000028c0: 6564 2c20 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 6275 ed, including bu\n-000028d0: 7420 6e6f 7420 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f t not limited to\n-000028e0: 0a20 2020 2020 6578 7434 2c20 4846 532b . ext4, HFS+\n-000028f0: 2c20 616e 6420 4e54 4653 2e0a 0a20 2020 , and NTFS... \n-00002900: e280 a220 4752 5542 2032 2063 616e 2072 ... GRUB 2 can r\n-00002910: 6561 6420 6669 6c65 7320 6469 7265 6374 ead files direct\n-00002920: 6c79 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 616e 6420 ly from LVM and \n-00002930: 5241 4944 2064 6576 6963 6573 2e0a 0a20 RAID devices... \n-00002940: 2020 e280 a220 4120 6772 6170 6869 6361 ... A graphica\n-00002950: 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2061 6e64 2061 l terminal and a\n-00002960: 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c 206d 656e 7520 graphical menu \n-00002970: 7379 7374 656d 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c system are avail\n-00002980: 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4752 able... ... GR\n-00002990: 5542 2032 2773 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 UB 2's interface\n-000029a0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7472 616e 736c 6174 can be translat\n-000029b0: 6564 2c20 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 6d65 ed, including me\n-000029c0: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 206e 616d 6573 2e0a nu entry names..\n-000029d0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 5468 6520 696d 6167 . ... The imag\n-000029e0: 6520 6669 6c65 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 e files (*note I\n-000029f0: 6d61 6765 733a 3a29 2074 6861 7420 6d61 mages::) that ma\n-00002a00: 6b65 2075 7020 4752 5542 2068 6176 6520 ke up GRUB have \n-00002a10: 6265 656e 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6f72 6761 been. reorga\n-00002a20: 6e69 7365 643b 2053 7461 6765 2031 2c20 nised; Stage 1, \n-00002a30: 5374 6167 6520 312e 352c 2061 6e64 2053 Stage 1.5, and S\n-00002a40: 7461 6765 2032 2061 7265 206e 6f20 6d6f tage 2 are no mo\n-00002a50: 7265 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4752 5542 re... ... GRUB\n-00002a60: 2032 2070 7574 7320 6d61 6e79 2066 6163 2 puts many fac\n-00002a70: 696c 6974 6965 7320 696e 2064 796e 616d ilities in dynam\n-00002a80: 6963 616c 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6d6f ically loaded mo\n-00002a90: 6475 6c65 732c 2061 6c6c 6f77 696e 670a dules, allowing.\n-00002aa0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d the core im\n-00002ab0: 6167 6520 746f 2062 6520 736d 616c 6c65 age to be smalle\n-00002ac0: 722c 2061 6e64 2061 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 r, and allowing \n-00002ad0: 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2074 the core image t\n-00002ae0: 6f20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 6275 696c 7420 o be. built \n-00002af0: 696e 206d 6f72 6520 666c 6578 6962 6c65 in more flexible\n-00002b00: 2077 6179 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ways.....File: \n-00002b10: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00002b20: 3a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 2c20 204e 6578 : Features, Nex\n-00002b30: 743a 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f t: Role of a boo\n-00002b40: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 2050 7265 763a t loader, Prev:\n-00002b50: 2043 6861 6e67 6573 2066 726f 6d20 4752 Changes from GR\n-00002b60: 5542 204c 6567 6163 792c 2020 5570 3a20 UB Legacy, Up: \n-00002b70: 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e Introduction..1.\n-00002b80: 3420 4752 5542 2066 6561 7475 7265 730a 4 GRUB features.\n-00002b90: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00002ba0: 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 7269 6d61 7279 2072 =..The primary r\n-00002bb0: 6571 7569 7265 6d65 6e74 2066 6f72 2047 equirement for G\n-00002bc0: 5255 4220 6973 2074 6861 7420 6974 2062 RUB is that it b\n-00002bd0: 6520 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 7769 7468 e compliant with\n-00002be0: 2074 6865 0ae2 809c 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f the....Multiboo\n-00002bf0: 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6ee2 t Specification.\n-00002c00: 809d 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6973 2064 6573 .., which is des\n-00002c10: 6372 6962 6564 2069 6e20 2a6e 6f74 6520 cribed in *note \n-00002c20: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 740a 5370 6563 6966 Multiboot.Specif\n-00002c30: 6963 6174 696f 6e3a 2028 6d75 6c74 6962 ication: (multib\n-00002c40: 6f6f 7429 546f 702e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 oot)Top... The\n-00002c50: 206f 7468 6572 2067 6f61 6c73 2c20 6c69 other goals, li\n-00002c60: 7374 6564 2069 6e20 6170 7072 6f78 696d sted in approxim\n-00002c70: 6174 6520 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 2069 6d70 ate order of imp\n-00002c80: 6f72 7461 6e63 652c 2061 7265 3a0a 0a20 ortance, are:.. \n-00002c90: 2020 e280 a220 4261 7369 6320 6675 6e63 ... Basic func\n-00002ca0: 7469 6f6e 7320 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7374 tions must be st\n-00002cb0: 7261 6967 6874 666f 7277 6172 6420 666f raightforward fo\n-00002cc0: 7220 656e 642d 7573 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 r end-users... \n-00002cd0: 20e2 80a2 2052 6963 6820 6675 6e63 7469 ... Rich functi\n-00002ce0: 6f6e 616c 6974 7920 746f 2073 7570 706f onality to suppo\n-00002cf0: 7274 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6578 7065 7274 rt kernel expert\n-00002d00: 7320 616e 6420 6465 7369 676e 6572 732e s and designers.\n-00002d10: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2042 6163 6b77 6172 .. ... Backwar\n-00002d20: 6420 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c 6974 7920 d compatibility \n-00002d30: 666f 7220 626f 6f74 696e 6720 4672 6565 for booting Free\n-00002d40: 4253 442c 204e 6574 4253 442c 204f 7065 BSD, NetBSD, Ope\n-00002d50: 6e42 5344 2c20 616e 640a 2020 2020 204c nBSD, and. L\n-00002d60: 696e 7578 2e20 2050 726f 7072 6965 7461 inux. Proprieta\n-00002d70: 7279 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2028 7375 6368 ry kernels (such\n-00002d80: 2061 7320 444f 532c 2057 696e 646f 7773 as DOS, Windows\n-00002d90: 204e 542c 2061 6e64 204f 532f 3229 2061 NT, and OS/2) a\n-00002da0: 7265 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 6f72 7465 re. supporte\n-00002db0: 6420 7669 6120 6120 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f d via a chain-lo\n-00002dc0: 6164 696e 6720 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2e0a ading function..\n-00002dd0: 0a20 2020 4578 6365 7074 2066 6f72 2073 . 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Can dec\n-00003af0: 6f6d 7072 6573 7320 6669 6c65 7320 7768 ompress files wh\n-00003b00: 6963 6820 7765 7265 2063 6f6d 7072 6573 ich were compres\n-00003b10: 7365 6420 6279 20e2 8098 677a 6970 e280 sed by ...gzip..\n-00003b20: 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 787a e280 9928 3229 . or ...xz...(2)\n-00003b30: 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 6561 . (*note Fea\n-00003b40: 7475 7265 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d32 tures-Footnote-2\n-00003b50: 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 2066 756e 6374 ::). 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Unlike ma\n-00003e30: 6e79 206f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f ny other boot lo\n-00003e40: 6164 6572 732c 2047 5255 4220 6d61 6b65 aders, GRUB make\n-00003e50: 7320 7468 6520 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 s the particular\n-00003e60: 2064 7269 7665 0a20 2020 2020 7472 616e drive. tran\n-00003e70: 736c 6174 696f 6e20 6972 7265 6c65 7661 slation irreleva\n-00003e80: 6e74 2e20 2041 2064 7269 7665 2069 6e73 nt. A drive ins\n-00003e90: 7461 6c6c 6564 2061 6e64 2072 756e 6e69 talled and runni\n-00003ea0: 6e67 2077 6974 6820 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 ng with one. \n-00003eb0: 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 translation may\n-00003ec0: 2062 6520 636f 6e76 6572 7465 6420 746f be converted to\n-00003ed0: 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 another transla\n-00003ee0: 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 686f 7574 2061 6e79 tion without any\n-00003ef0: 0a20 2020 2020 6164 7665 7273 6520 6566 . adverse ef\n-00003f00: 6665 6374 7320 6f72 2063 6861 6e67 6573 fects or changes\n-00003f10: 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2773 2063 6f6e 6669 in GRUB's confi\n-00003f20: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a44 6574 6563 guration...Detec\n-00003f30: 7420 616c 6c20 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 t all installed \n-00003f40: 5241 4d0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 6361 RAM. GRUB ca\n-00003f50: 6e20 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 6669 6e64 n generally find\n-00003f60: 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c all the install\n-00003f70: 6564 2052 414d 206f 6e20 6120 5043 2d63 ed RAM on a PC-c\n-00003f80: 6f6d 7061 7469 626c 650a 2020 2020 206d ompatible. m\n-00003f90: 6163 6869 6e65 2e20 2049 7420 7573 6573 achine. It uses\n-00003fa0: 2061 6e20 6164 7661 6e63 6564 2042 494f an advanced BIO\n-00003fb0: 5320 7175 6572 7920 7465 6368 6e69 7175 S query techniqu\n-00003fc0: 6520 666f 7220 6669 6e64 696e 6720 616c e for finding al\n-00003fd0: 6c0a 2020 2020 206d 656d 6f72 7920 7265 l. memory re\n-00003fe0: 6769 6f6e 732e 2020 4173 2064 6573 6372 gions. As descr\n-00003ff0: 6962 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 ibed on the Mult\n-00004000: 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 iboot Specificat\n-00004010: 696f 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 ion (*note. \n-00004020: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 Multiboot Specif\n-00004030: 6963 6174 696f 6e3a 2028 6d75 6c74 6962 ication: (multib\n-00004040: 6f6f 7429 546f 702e 292c 206e 6f74 2061 oot)Top.), not a\n-00004050: 6c6c 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 206d 616b 6520 ll kernels make \n-00004060: 7573 650a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7468 6973 use. of this\n-00004070: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2c20 6275 information, bu\n-00004080: 7420 4752 5542 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 t GRUB provides \n-00004090: 6974 2066 6f72 2074 686f 7365 2077 686f it for those who\n-000040a0: 2064 6f2e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 4c6f do...Support Lo\n-000040b0: 6769 6361 6c20 426c 6f63 6b20 4164 6472 gical Block Addr\n-000040c0: 6573 7320 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 2020 496e ess mode. In\n-000040d0: 2074 7261 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2064 6973 traditional dis\n-000040e0: 6b20 6361 6c6c 7320 2863 616c 6c65 6420 k calls (called \n-000040f0: e280 9c43 4853 206d 6f64 65e2 809d 292c ...CHS mode...),\n-00004100: 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6120 6765 6f6d there is a geom\n-00004110: 6574 7279 0a20 2020 2020 7472 616e 736c etry. transl\n-00004120: 6174 696f 6e20 7072 6f62 6c65 6d2c 2074 ation problem, t\n-00004130: 6861 7420 6973 2c20 7468 6520 4249 4f53 hat is, the BIOS\n-00004140: 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 6163 6365 7373 206f cannot access o\n-00004150: 7665 7220 3130 3234 0a20 2020 2020 6379 ver 1024. cy\n-00004160: 6c69 6e64 6572 732c 2073 6f20 7468 6520 linders, so the \n-00004170: 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 2073 7061 6365 accessible space\n-00004180: 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 2061 is limited to a\n-00004190: 7420 6c65 6173 7420 3530 3820 4d42 0a20 t least 508 MB. \n-000041a0: 2020 2020 616e 6420 746f 2061 7420 6d6f and to at mo\n-000041b0: 7374 2038 4742 2e20 4752 5542 2063 616e st 8GB. GRUB can\n-000041c0: 2774 2075 6e69 7665 7273 616c 6c79 2073 't universally s\n-000041d0: 6f6c 7665 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f62 6c65 olve this proble\n-000041e0: 6d2c 2061 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 7265 m, as. there\n-000041f0: 2069 7320 6e6f 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 is no standard \n-00004200: 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 7573 6564 2069 interface used i\n-00004210: 6e20 616c 6c20 6d61 6368 696e 6573 2e20 n all machines. \n-00004220: 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c0a 2020 2020 2073 However,. s\n-00004230: 6576 6572 616c 206e 6577 6572 206d 6163 everal newer mac\n-00004240: 6869 6e65 7320 6861 7665 2074 6865 206e hines have the n\n-00004250: 6577 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 4c6f ew interface, Lo\n-00004260: 6769 6361 6c20 426c 6f63 6b0a 2020 2020 gical Block. \n-00004270: 2041 6464 7265 7373 2028 e280 9c4c 4241 Address (...LBA\n-00004280: e280 9d29 206d 6f64 652e 2020 4752 5542 ...) mode. GRUB\n-00004290: 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2064 automatically d\n-000042a0: 6574 6563 7473 2069 6620 4c42 4120 6d6f etects if LBA mo\n-000042b0: 6465 2069 730a 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c de is. avail\n-000042c0: 6162 6c65 2061 6e64 2075 7365 7320 6974 able and uses it\n-000042d0: 2069 6620 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 if available. \n-000042e0: 496e 204c 4241 206d 6f64 652c 2047 5255 In LBA mode, GRU\n-000042f0: 4220 6361 6e20 6163 6365 7373 0a20 2020 B can access. \n-00004300: 2020 7468 6520 656e 7469 7265 2064 6973 the entire dis\n-00004310: 6b2e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 6e65 7477 k...Support netw\n-00004320: 6f72 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 670a 2020 2020 ork booting. \n-00004330: 2047 5255 4220 6973 2062 6173 6963 616c GRUB is basical\n-00004340: 6c79 2061 2064 6973 6b2d 6261 7365 6420 ly a disk-based \n-00004350: 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 6275 7420 boot loader but \n-00004360: 616c 736f 2068 6173 206e 6574 776f 726b also has network\n-00004370: 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 6f72 742e 2020 . support. \n-00004380: 596f 7520 6361 6e20 6c6f 6164 204f 5320 You can load OS \n-00004390: 696d 6167 6573 2066 726f 6d20 6120 6e65 images from a ne\n-000043a0: 7477 6f72 6b20 6279 2075 7369 6e67 2074 twork by using t\n-000043b0: 6865 20e2 809c 5446 5450 e280 9d0a 2020 he ...TFTP.... \n-000043c0: 2020 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c2e 0a0a 5375 protocol...Su\n-000043d0: 7070 6f72 7420 7265 6d6f 7465 2074 6572 pport remote ter\n-000043e0: 6d69 6e61 6c73 0a20 2020 2020 546f 2073 minals. To s\n-000043f0: 7570 706f 7274 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7273 upport computers\n-00004400: 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 with no console\n-00004410: 2c20 4752 5542 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 , GRUB provides \n-00004420: 7265 6d6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a remote terminal.\n-00004430: 2020 2020 2073 7570 706f 7274 2c20 736f support, so\n-00004440: 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 6361 6e20 636f that you can co\n-00004450: 6e74 726f 6c20 4752 5542 2066 726f 6d20 ntrol GRUB from \n-00004460: 6120 7265 6d6f 7465 2068 6f73 742e 2020 a remote host. \n-00004470: 4f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7269 616c Only. serial\n-00004480: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7375 7070 6f72 terminal suppor\n-00004490: 7420 6973 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 t is implemented\n-000044a0: 2061 7420 7468 6520 6d6f 6d65 6e74 2e0a at the moment..\n-000044b0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-000044c0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 6561 7475 fo, Node: Featu\n-000044d0: 7265 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 res-Footnotes, \n-000044e0: 5570 3a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 0a0a 2020 Up: Features.. \n-000044f0: 2028 3129 2054 6865 204e 6574 4253 442f (1) The NetBSD/\n-00004500: 6933 3836 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6973 204d i386 kernel is M\n-00004510: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 ultiboot-complia\n-00004520: 6e74 2c20 6275 7420 6c61 636b 7320 7375 nt, but lacks su\n-00004530: 7070 6f72 740a 666f 7220 4d75 6c74 6962 pport.for Multib\n-00004540: 6f6f 7420 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 oot modules... \n-00004550: 2028 3229 204f 6e6c 7920 4352 4333 3220 (2) Only CRC32 \n-00004560: 6461 7461 2069 6e74 6567 7269 7479 2063 data integrity c\n-00004570: 6865 636b 2069 7320 7375 7070 6f72 7465 heck is supporte\n-00004580: 6420 2878 7a20 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 d (xz default is\n-00004590: 2043 5243 3634 0a73 6f20 6f6e 6520 7368 CRC64.so one sh\n-000045a0: 6f75 6c64 2075 7365 202d 6368 6563 6b3d ould use -check=\n-000045b0: 6372 6333 3220 6f70 7469 6f6e 292e 2020 crc32 option). \n-000045c0: 4c5a 4d41 2042 434a 2066 696c 7465 7273 LZMA BCJ filters\n-000045d0: 2061 7265 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e0a are supported..\n-000045e0: 0a20 2020 2833 2920 5468 6572 6520 6172 . (3) There ar\n-000045f0: 6520 6120 6665 7720 7061 7468 6f6c 6f67 e a few patholog\n-00004600: 6963 616c 2063 6173 6573 2077 6865 7265 ical cases where\n-00004610: 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 2076 6572 7920 loading a very \n-00004620: 6261 646c 790a 6f72 6761 6e69 7a65 6420 badly.organized \n-00004630: 454c 4620 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6967 6874 ELF kernel might\n-00004640: 2074 616b 6520 6c6f 6e67 6572 2c20 6275 take longer, bu\n-00004650: 7420 696e 2070 7261 6374 6963 6520 7468 t in practice th\n-00004660: 6973 206e 6576 6572 0a68 6170 7065 6e2e is never.happen.\n-00004670: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00004680: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 526f 6c65 nfo, Node: Role\n-00004690: 206f 6620 6120 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 of a boot loade\n-000046a0: 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4665 6174 7572 r, Prev: Featur\n-000046b0: 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e74 726f 6475 es, Up: Introdu\n-000046c0: 6374 696f 6e0a 0a31 2e35 2054 6865 2072 ction..1.5 The r\n-000046d0: 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f ole of a boot lo\n-000046e0: 6164 6572 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ader.===========\n-000046f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00004700: 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e ==..The followin\n-00004710: 6720 6973 2061 2071 756f 7461 7469 6f6e g is a quotation\n-00004720: 2066 726f 6d20 476f 7264 6f6e 204d 6174 from Gordon Mat\n-00004730: 7a69 676b 6569 742c 2061 2047 5255 4220 zigkeit, a GRUB \n-00004740: 6661 6e61 7469 633a 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 fanatic:.. S\n-00004750: 6f6d 6520 7065 6f70 6c65 206c 696b 6520 ome people like \n-00004760: 746f 2061 636b 6e6f 776c 6564 6765 2062 to acknowledge b\n-00004770: 6f74 6820 7468 6520 6f70 6572 6174 696e oth the operatin\n-00004780: 6720 7379 7374 656d 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 g system and. \n-00004790: 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2077 6865 6e20 7468 kernel when th\n-000047a0: 6579 2074 616c 6b20 6162 6f75 7420 7468 ey talk about th\n-000047b0: 6569 7220 636f 6d70 7574 6572 732c 2073 eir computers, s\n-000047c0: 6f20 7468 6579 206d 6967 6874 2073 6179 o they might say\n-000047d0: 2074 6865 790a 2020 2020 2075 7365 2022 they. use \"\n-000047e0: 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7822 206f 7220 2247 GNU/Linux\" or \"G\n-000047f0: 4e55 2f48 7572 6422 2e20 204f 7468 6572 NU/Hurd\". Other\n-00004800: 2070 656f 706c 6520 7365 656d 2074 6f20 people seem to \n-00004810: 7468 696e 6b20 7468 6174 2074 6865 0a20 think that the. \n-00004820: 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2069 7320 7468 kernel is th\n-00004830: 6520 6d6f 7374 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 e most important\n-00004840: 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2073 7973 part of the sys\n-00004850: 7465 6d2c 2073 6f20 7468 6579 206c 696b tem, so they lik\n-00004860: 6520 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6361 6c6c 2074 e to. call t\n-00004870: 6865 6972 2047 4e55 206f 7065 7261 7469 heir GNU operati\n-00004880: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2022 4c69 6e75 ng systems \"Linu\n-00004890: 7820 7379 7374 656d 732e 220a 0a20 2020 x systems.\".. \n-000048a0: 2020 492c 2070 6572 736f 6e61 6c6c 792c I, personally,\n-000048b0: 2062 656c 6965 7665 2074 6861 7420 7468 believe that th\n-000048c0: 6973 2069 7320 6120 6772 6176 6520 696e is is a grave in\n-000048d0: 6a75 7374 6963 652c 2062 6563 6175 7365 justice, because\n-000048e0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 5f62 6f6f 7420 the. _boot \n-000048f0: 6c6f 6164 6572 5f20 6973 2074 6865 206d loader_ is the m\n-00004900: 6f73 7420 696d 706f 7274 616e 7420 736f ost important so\n-00004910: 6674 7761 7265 206f 6620 616c 6c2e 2020 ftware of all. \n-00004920: 4920 7573 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2072 I used to. r\n-00004930: 6566 6572 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6162 6f76 efer to the abov\n-00004940: 6520 7379 7374 656d 7320 6173 2065 6974 e systems as eit\n-00004950: 6865 7220 224c 494c 4f22 2831 2920 282a her \"LILO\"(1) (*\n-00004960: 6e6f 7465 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 0a20 note Role of a. \n-00004970: 2020 2020 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722d boot loader-\n-00004980: 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 2920 6f72 Footnote-1::) or\n-00004990: 2022 4752 5542 2220 7379 7374 656d 732e \"GRUB\" systems.\n-000049a0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2055 6e66 6f72 7475 6e61 .. Unfortuna\n-000049b0: 7465 6c79 2c20 6e6f 626f 6479 2065 7665 tely, nobody eve\n-000049c0: 7220 756e 6465 7273 746f 6f64 2077 6861 r understood wha\n-000049d0: 7420 4920 7761 7320 7461 6c6b 696e 6720 t I was talking \n-000049e0: 6162 6f75 743b 206e 6f77 0a20 2020 2020 about; now. \n-000049f0: 4920 6a75 7374 2075 7365 2074 6865 2077 I just use the w\n-00004a00: 6f72 6420 2247 4e55 2220 6173 2061 2070 ord \"GNU\" as a p\n-00004a10: 7365 7564 6f6e 796d 2066 6f72 2047 5255 seudonym for GRU\n-00004a20: 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6f2c 2069 6620 B... So, if \n-00004a30: 796f 7520 6576 6572 2068 6561 7220 7065 you ever hear pe\n-00004a40: 6f70 6c65 2074 616c 6b69 6e67 2061 626f ople talking abo\n-00004a50: 7574 2074 6865 6972 2061 6c6c 6567 6564 ut their alleged\n-00004a60: 2022 474e 5522 0a20 2020 2020 7379 7374 \"GNU\". syst\n-00004a70: 656d 732c 2072 656d 656d 6265 7220 7468 ems, remember th\n-00004a80: 6174 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 6163 7475 at they are actu\n-00004a90: 616c 6c79 2070 6179 696e 6720 686f 6d61 ally paying homa\n-00004aa0: 6765 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6265 7374 0a20 ge to the best. \n-00004ab0: 2020 2020 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 boot loader \n-00004ac0: 6172 6f75 6e64 2e2e 2e20 4752 5542 210a around... GRUB!.\n-00004ad0: 0a20 2020 5765 2c20 7468 6520 4752 5542 . We, the GRUB\n-00004ae0: 206d 6169 6e74 6169 6e65 7273 2c20 646f maintainers, do\n-00004af0: 206e 6f74 2028 7573 7561 6c6c 7929 2065 not (usually) e\n-00004b00: 6e63 6f75 7261 6765 2047 6f72 646f 6e27 ncourage Gordon'\n-00004b10: 7320 6c65 7665 6c0a 6f66 2066 616e 6174 s level.of fanat\n-00004b20: 6963 6973 6d2c 2062 7574 2069 7420 6865 icism, but it he\n-00004b30: 6c70 7320 746f 2072 656d 656d 6265 7220 lps to remember \n-00004b40: 7468 6174 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 that boot loader\n-00004b50: 7320 6465 7365 7276 650a 7265 636f 676e s deserve.recogn\n-00004b60: 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 5765 2068 6f70 6520 ition. We hope \n-00004b70: 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2065 6e6a 6f79 2075 that you enjoy u\n-00004b80: 7369 6e67 2047 4e55 2047 5255 4220 6173 sing GNU GRUB as\n-00004b90: 206d 7563 6820 6173 2077 6520 6469 640a much as we did.\n-00004ba0: 7772 6974 696e 6720 6974 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 writing it.....F\n-00004bb0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00004bc0: 204e 6f64 653a 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 Node: Role of a\n-00004bd0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2d46 6f6f boot loader-Foo\n-00004be0: 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2052 6f6c tnotes, Up: Rol\n-00004bf0: 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 e of a boot load\n-00004c00: 6572 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 2054 6865 204c er.. (1) The L\n-00004c10: 496e 7578 204c 4f61 6465 722c 2061 2062 Inux LOader, a b\n-00004c20: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2074 6861 7420 oot loader that \n-00004c30: 6576 6572 7962 6f64 7920 7573 6573 2c20 everybody uses, \n-00004c40: 6275 7420 6e6f 626f 6479 0a6c 696b 6573 but nobody.likes\n-00004c50: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00004c60: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204e 616d info, Node: Nam\n-00004c70: 696e 6720 636f 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e 2c20 ing convention, \n-00004c80: 204e 6578 743a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 Next: OS-specif\n-00004c90: 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2061 626f 7574 2067 ic notes about g\n-00004ca0: 7275 6220 746f 6f6c 732c 2020 5072 6576 rub tools, Prev\n-00004cb0: 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 2c20 : Introduction, \n-00004cc0: 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3220 4e61 6d69 Up: Top..2 Nami\n-00004cd0: 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e0a 2a2a ng convention.**\n-00004ce0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00004cf0: 2a0a 0a54 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 7379 *..The device sy\n-00004d00: 6e74 6178 2075 7365 6420 696e 2047 5255 ntax used in GRU\n-00004d10: 4220 6973 2061 2077 6565 2062 6974 2064 B is a wee bit d\n-00004d20: 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2066 726f 6d20 7768 ifferent from wh\n-00004d30: 6174 2079 6f75 206d 6179 0a68 6176 6520 at you may.have \n-00004d40: 7365 656e 2062 6566 6f72 6520 696e 2079 seen before in y\n-00004d50: 6f75 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 our operating sy\n-00004d60: 7374 656d 2873 292c 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 stem(s), and you\n-00004d70: 206e 6565 6420 746f 206b 6e6f 7720 6974 need to know it\n-00004d80: 2073 6f0a 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2063 616e so.that you can\n-00004d90: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 2064 7269 7665 specify a drive\n-00004da0: 2f70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 /partition... \n-00004db0: 4c6f 6f6b 2061 7420 7468 6520 666f 6c6c Look at the foll\n-00004dc0: 6f77 696e 6720 6578 616d 706c 6573 2061 owing examples a\n-00004dd0: 6e64 2065 7870 6c61 6e61 7469 6f6e 733a nd explanations:\n-00004de0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6664 3029 0a0a 2020 .. (fd0).. \n-00004df0: 2046 6972 7374 206f 6620 616c 6c2c 2047 First of all, G\n-00004e00: 5255 4220 7265 7175 6972 6573 2074 6861 RUB requires tha\n-00004e10: 7420 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d t the device nam\n-00004e20: 6520 6265 2065 6e63 6c6f 7365 6420 7769 e be enclosed wi\n-00004e30: 7468 20e2 8098 28e2 8099 0a61 6e64 20e2 th ...(....and .\n-00004e40: 8098 29e2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 ..).... The ...\n-00004e50: 6664 e280 9920 7061 7274 206d 6561 6e73 fd... part means\n-00004e60: 2074 6861 7420 6974 2069 7320 6120 666c that it is a fl\n-00004e70: 6f70 7079 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 5468 6520 oppy disk. The \n-00004e80: 6e75 6d62 6572 20e2 8098 30e2 8099 0a69 number ...0....i\n-00004e90: 7320 7468 6520 6472 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 s the drive numb\n-00004ea0: 6572 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6973 2063 6f75 er, which is cou\n-00004eb0: 6e74 6564 2066 726f 6d20 5f7a 6572 6f5f nted from _zero_\n-00004ec0: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6578 7072 6573 7369 . This expressi\n-00004ed0: 6f6e 0a6d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 4752 on.means that GR\n-00004ee0: 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7573 6520 7468 6520 UB will use the \n-00004ef0: 7768 6f6c 6520 666c 6f70 7079 2064 6973 whole floppy dis\n-00004f00: 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c 6d73 k... (hd0,ms\n-00004f10: 646f 7332 290a 0a20 2020 4865 7265 2c20 dos2).. Here, \n-00004f20: e280 9868 64e2 8099 206d 6561 6e73 2069 ...hd... means i\n-00004f30: 7420 6973 2061 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b t is a hard disk\n-00004f40: 2064 7269 7665 2e20 2054 6865 2066 6972 drive. The fir\n-00004f50: 7374 2069 6e74 6567 6572 20e2 8098 30e2 st integer ...0.\n-00004f60: 8099 0a69 6e64 6963 6174 6573 2074 6865 ...indicates the\n-00004f70: 2064 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 722c 2074 drive number, t\n-00004f80: 6861 7420 6973 2c20 7468 6520 6669 7273 hat is, the firs\n-00004f90: 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2c 2074 6865 t hard disk, the\n-00004fa0: 2073 7472 696e 670a e280 986d 7364 6f73 string....msdos\n-00004fb0: e280 9920 696e 6469 6361 7465 7320 7468 ... indicates th\n-00004fc0: 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7363 6865 e partition sche\n-00004fd0: 6d65 2c20 7768 696c 6520 7468 6520 7365 me, while the se\n-00004fe0: 636f 6e64 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2c20 e280 cond integer, ..\n-00004ff0: 9832 e280 992c 0a69 6e64 6963 6174 6573 .2...,.indicates\n-00005000: 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206e the partition n\n-00005010: 756d 6265 7220 286f 7220 7468 6520 5043 umber (or the PC\n-00005020: 2073 6c69 6365 206e 756d 6265 7220 696e slice number in\n-00005030: 2074 6865 2042 5344 0a74 6572 6d69 6e6f the BSD.termino\n-00005040: 6c6f 6779 292e 2020 5468 6520 7061 7274 logy). The part\n-00005050: 6974 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 6172 ition numbers ar\n-00005060: 6520 636f 756e 7465 6420 6672 6f6d 205f e counted from _\n-00005070: 6f6e 655f 2c20 6e6f 7420 6672 6f6d 0a7a one_, not from.z\n-00005080: 6572 6f20 2861 7320 7761 7320 7468 6520 ero (as was the \n-00005090: 6361 7365 2069 6e20 7072 6576 696f 7573 case in previous\n-000050a0: 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 6f66 2047 5255 versions of GRU\n-000050b0: 4229 2e20 5468 6973 2065 7870 7265 7373 B). This express\n-000050c0: 696f 6e0a 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 7365 ion.means the se\n-000050d0: 636f 6e64 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f cond partition o\n-000050e0: 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 f the first hard\n-000050f0: 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 652e 2020 496e disk drive. In\n-00005100: 2074 6869 7320 6361 7365 2c0a 4752 5542 this case,.GRUB\n-00005110: 2075 7365 7320 6f6e 6520 7061 7274 6974 uses one partit\n-00005120: 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b2c ion of the disk,\n-00005130: 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 7468 6520 instead of the \n-00005140: 7768 6f6c 6520 6469 736b 2e0a 0a20 2020 whole disk... \n-00005150: 2020 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 3529 0a0a (hd0,msdos5)..\n-00005160: 2020 2054 6869 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 This specifie\n-00005170: 7320 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 e280 9c65 s the first ...e\n-00005180: 7874 656e 6465 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f xtended partitio\n-00005190: 6ee2 809d 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 n... of the firs\n-000051a0: 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b0a 6472 6976 t hard disk.driv\n-000051b0: 652e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 7468 e. Note that th\n-000051c0: 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 e partition numb\n-000051d0: 6572 7320 666f 7220 6578 7465 6e64 6564 ers for extended\n-000051e0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 650a partitions are.\n-000051f0: 636f 756e 7465 6420 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 counted from ...\n-00005200: 35e2 8099 2c20 7265 6761 7264 6c65 7373 5..., regardless\n-00005210: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6163 7475 616c 206e of the actual n\n-00005220: 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2070 7269 6d61 7279 umber of primary\n-00005230: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 730a 6f6e 2079 partitions.on y\n-00005240: 6f75 7220 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a our hard disk...\n-00005250: 2020 2020 2028 6864 312c 6d73 646f 7331 (hd1,msdos1\n-00005260: 2c62 7364 3129 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 ,bsd1).. This \n-00005270: 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 4253 4420 e280 means the BSD ..\n-00005280: 9861 e280 9920 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 .a... partition \n-00005290: 6f6e 2066 6972 7374 2050 4320 736c 6963 on first PC slic\n-000052a0: 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7468 650a e number of the.\n-000052b0: 7365 636f 6e64 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b second hard disk\n-000052c0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f66 2063 6f75 7273 652c ... Of course,\n-000052d0: 2074 6f20 6163 7475 616c 6c79 2061 6363 to actually acc\n-000052e0: 6573 7320 7468 6520 6469 736b 7320 6f72 ess the disks or\n-000052f0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 7769 7468 partitions with\n-00005300: 2047 5255 422c 2079 6f75 0a6e 6565 6420 GRUB, you.need \n-00005310: 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 to use the devic\n-00005320: 6520 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 e specification \n-00005330: 696e 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2c20 6c69 in a command, li\n-00005340: 6b65 20e2 8098 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 ke ...set root=(\n-00005350: 6664 3029 e280 990a 6f72 20e2 8098 7061 fd0)....or ...pa\n-00005360: 7274 746f 6f6c 2028 6864 302c 6d73 646f rttool (hd0,msdo\n-00005370: 7333 2920 6869 6464 656e 2de2 8099 2e20 s3) hidden-.... \n-00005380: 2054 6f20 6865 6c70 2079 6f75 2066 696e To help you fin\n-00005390: 6420 6f75 7420 7768 6963 6820 6e75 6d62 d out which numb\n-000053a0: 6572 0a73 7065 6369 6669 6573 2061 2070 er.specifies a p\n-000053b0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2079 6f75 2077 616e artition you wan\n-000053c0: 742c 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d6d t, the GRUB comm\n-000053d0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a and-line (*note.\n-000053e0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 Command-line int\n-000053f0: 6572 6661 6365 3a3a 2920 6f70 7469 6f6e erface::) option\n-00005400: 7320 6861 7665 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 s have argument \n-00005410: 636f 6d70 6c65 7469 6f6e 2e20 2054 6869 completion. Thi\n-00005420: 7320 6d65 616e 730a 7468 6174 2c20 666f s means.that, fo\n-00005430: 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2079 6f75 206f r example, you o\n-00005440: 6e6c 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7479 7065 nly need to type\n-00005450: 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2072 6f6f 743d .. set root=\n-00005460: 280a 0a20 2020 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 (.. followed b\n-00005470: 7920 6120 3c54 4142 3e2c 2061 6e64 2047 y a , and G\n-00005480: 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 706c 6179 RUB will display\n-00005490: 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2064 7269 the list of dri\n-000054a0: 7665 732c 0a70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 732c ves,.partitions,\n-000054b0: 206f 7220 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6573 2e20 or file names. \n-000054c0: 2053 6f20 6974 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 So it should be\n-000054d0: 2071 7569 7465 2065 6173 7920 746f 2064 quite easy to d\n-000054e0: 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 2074 6865 0a6e 616d etermine the.nam\n-000054f0: 6520 6f66 2079 6f75 7220 7461 7267 6574 e of your target\n-00005500: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 6576 656e partition, even\n-00005510: 2077 6974 6820 6d69 6e69 6d61 6c20 6b6e with minimal kn\n-00005520: 6f77 6c65 6467 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a73 owledge of the.s\n-00005530: 796e 7461 782e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 6520 yntax... Note \n-00005540: 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 646f 6573 205f that GRUB does _\n-00005550: 6e6f 745f 2064 6973 7469 6e67 7569 7368 not_ distinguish\n-00005560: 2049 4445 2066 726f 6d20 5343 5349 202d IDE from SCSI -\n-00005570: 2069 7420 7369 6d70 6c79 0a63 6f75 6e74 it simply.count\n-00005580: 7320 7468 6520 6472 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 s the drive numb\n-00005590: 6572 7320 6672 6f6d 207a 6572 6f2c 2072 ers from zero, r\n-000055a0: 6567 6172 646c 6573 7320 6f66 2074 6865 egardless of the\n-000055b0: 6972 2074 7970 652e 2020 4e6f 726d 616c ir type. Normal\n-000055c0: 6c79 2c0a 616e 7920 4944 4520 6472 6976 ly,.any IDE driv\n-000055d0: 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 2069 7320 6c65 7373 e number is less\n-000055e0: 2074 6861 6e20 616e 7920 5343 5349 2064 than any SCSI d\n-000055f0: 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 722c 2061 6c74 rive number, alt\n-00005600: 686f 7567 6820 7468 6174 0a69 7320 6e6f hough that.is no\n-00005610: 7420 7472 7565 2069 6620 796f 7520 6368 t true if you ch\n-00005620: 616e 6765 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 ange the boot se\n-00005630: 7175 656e 6365 2062 7920 7377 6170 7069 quence by swappi\n-00005640: 6e67 2049 4445 2061 6e64 2053 4353 490a ng IDE and SCSI.\n-00005650: 6472 6976 6573 2069 6e20 796f 7572 2042 drives in your B\n-00005660: 494f 532e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f77 2074 6865 IOS... Now the\n-00005670: 2071 7565 7374 696f 6e20 6973 2c20 686f question is, ho\n-00005680: 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 2066 w to specify a f\n-00005690: 696c 653f 2020 4167 6169 6e2c 2063 6f6e ile? Again, con\n-000056a0: 7369 6465 7220 616e 0a65 7861 6d70 6c65 sider an.example\n-000056b0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 :.. (hd0,msd\n-000056c0: 6f73 3129 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 0a0a 2020 os1)/vmlinuz.. \n-000056d0: 2054 6869 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 This specifies \n-000056e0: 7468 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6564 20e2 the file named .\n-000056f0: 8098 766d 6c69 6e75 7ae2 8099 2c20 666f ..vmlinuz..., fo\n-00005700: 756e 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 und on the first\n-00005710: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a6f 6620 7468 partition.of th\n-00005720: 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 e first hard dis\n-00005730: 6b20 6472 6976 652e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 k drive. Note t\n-00005740: 6861 7420 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 hat the argument\n-00005750: 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 696f 6e20 776f 726b completion work\n-00005760: 730a 7769 7468 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 s.with file name\n-00005770: 732c 2074 6f6f 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6174 s, too... That\n-00005780: 2077 6173 2065 6173 792c 2061 646d 6974 was easy, admit\n-00005790: 2069 742e 2020 4e6f 7720 7265 6164 2074 it. Now read t\n-000057a0: 6865 206e 6578 7420 6368 6170 7465 722c he next chapter,\n-000057b0: 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 206f 7574 2068 6f77 to find out how\n-000057c0: 0a74 6f20 6163 7475 616c 6c79 2069 6e73 .to actually ins\n-000057d0: 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 2079 6f75 tall GRUB on you\n-000057e0: 7220 6472 6976 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 r drive.....File\n-000057f0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00005800: 6465 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 de: OS-specific \n-00005810: 6e6f 7465 7320 6162 6f75 7420 6772 7562 notes about grub\n-00005820: 2074 6f6f 6c73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 tools, Next: I\n-00005830: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 nstallation, Pr\n-00005840: 6576 3a20 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 ev: Naming conve\n-00005850: 6e74 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a ntion, Up: Top.\n-00005860: 0a33 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e .3 OS-specific n\n-00005870: 6f74 6573 2061 626f 7574 2067 7275 6220 otes about grub \n-00005880: 746f 6f6c 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a tools.**********\n+000021d0: 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 3220 6973 2061 ===..GRUB 2 is a\n+000021e0: 2072 6577 7269 7465 206f 6620 4752 5542 rewrite of GRUB\n+000021f0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4869 7374 6f72 793a (*note History:\n+00002200: 3a29 2c20 616c 7468 6f75 6768 2069 7420 :), although it \n+00002210: 7368 6172 6573 206d 616e 790a 6368 6172 shares many.char\n+00002220: 6163 7465 7269 7374 6963 7320 7769 7468 acteristics with\n+00002230: 2074 6865 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 7665 the previous ve\n+00002240: 7273 696f 6e2c 206e 6f77 206b 6e6f 776e rsion, now known\n+00002250: 2061 7320 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 792e as GRUB Legacy.\n+00002260: 0a55 7365 7273 206f 6620 4752 5542 204c .Users of GRUB L\n+00002270: 6567 6163 7920 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 2073 egacy may need s\n+00002280: 6f6d 6520 6775 6964 616e 6365 2074 6f20 ome guidance to \n+00002290: 6669 6e64 2074 6865 6972 2077 6179 2061 find their way a\n+000022a0: 726f 756e 640a 7468 6973 206e 6577 2076 round.this new v\n+000022b0: 6572 7369 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 ersion... ... \n+000022c0: 5468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f The configuratio\n+000022d0: 6e20 6669 6c65 2068 6173 2061 206e 6577 n file has a new\n+000022e0: 206e 616d 6520 28e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 name (...grub.c\n+000022f0: 6667 e280 9920 7261 7468 6572 2074 6861 fg... rather tha\n+00002300: 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6d65 6e75 2e6c n. ...menu.l\n+00002310: 7374 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 6772 7562 st... or ...grub\n+00002320: 2e63 6f6e 66e2 8099 292c 206e 6577 2073 .conf...), new s\n+00002330: 796e 7461 7820 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6e yntax (*note Con\n+00002340: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 616e figuration::) an\n+00002350: 640a 2020 2020 206d 616e 7920 6e65 7720 d. many new \n+00002360: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 commands (*note \n+00002370: 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a 292e 2020 436f Commands::). Co\n+00002380: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6361 6e6e nfiguration cann\n+00002390: 6f74 2062 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f70 6965 ot be. copie\n+000023a0: 6420 6f76 6572 2064 6972 6563 746c 792c d over directly,\n+000023b0: 2061 6c74 686f 7567 6820 6d6f 7374 2047 although most G\n+000023c0: 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2075 7365 7273 RUB Legacy users\n+000023d0: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 should not. \n+000023e0: 2066 696e 6420 7468 6520 7379 6e74 6178 find the syntax\n+000023f0: 2074 6f6f 2073 7572 7072 6973 696e 672e too surprising.\n+00002400: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6772 7562 .. ... ...grub\n+00002410: 2e63 6667 e280 9920 6973 2074 7970 6963 .cfg... is typic\n+00002420: 616c 6c79 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c ally automatical\n+00002430: 6c79 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2062 7920 ly generated by \n+00002440: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ...grub-mkconfig\n+00002450: e280 990a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 .... (*note \n+00002460: 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 Simple configura\n+00002470: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 206d tion::). This m\n+00002480: 616b 6573 2069 7420 6561 7369 6572 2074 akes it easier t\n+00002490: 6f20 6861 6e64 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 7665 o handle. ve\n+000024a0: 7273 696f 6e65 6420 6b65 726e 656c 2075 rsioned kernel u\n+000024b0: 7067 7261 6465 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 pgrades... ...\n+000024c0: 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 Partition numbe\n+000024d0: 7273 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2064 6576 6963 rs in GRUB devic\n+000024e0: 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6e6f 7720 7374 6172 e names now star\n+000024f0: 7420 6174 2031 2c20 6e6f 7420 3020 282a t at 1, not 0 (*\n+00002500: 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4e61 6d69 6e67 note. Naming\n+00002510: 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a convention::)..\n+00002520: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 5468 6520 636f 6e66 . ... The conf\n+00002530: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 iguration file i\n+00002540: 7320 6e6f 7720 7772 6974 7465 6e20 696e s now written in\n+00002550: 2073 6f6d 6574 6869 6e67 2063 6c6f 7365 something close\n+00002560: 7220 746f 2061 2066 756c 6c0a 2020 2020 r to a full. \n+00002570: 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 206c 616e 6775 scripting langu\n+00002580: 6167 653a 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2c20 age: variables, \n+00002590: 636f 6e64 6974 696f 6e61 6c73 2c20 616e conditionals, an\n+000025a0: 6420 6c6f 6f70 7320 6172 650a 2020 2020 d loops are. \n+000025b0: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 available... \n+000025c0: e280 a220 4120 736d 616c 6c20 616d 6f75 ... A small amou\n+000025d0: 6e74 206f 6620 7065 7273 6973 7465 6e74 nt of persistent\n+000025e0: 2073 746f 7261 6765 2069 7320 6176 6169 storage is avai\n+000025f0: 6c61 626c 6520 6163 726f 7373 2072 6562 lable across reb\n+00002600: 6f6f 7473 2c0a 2020 2020 2075 7369 6e67 oots,. using\n+00002610: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 the ...save_env\n+00002620: e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 986c 6f61 645f ... and ...load_\n+00002630: 656e 76e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 env... commands \n+00002640: 696e 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 7468 650a in GRUB and the.\n+00002650: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d65 6469 ...grub-edi\n+00002660: 7465 6e76 e280 9920 7574 696c 6974 792e tenv... utility.\n+00002670: 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6176 This is not av\n+00002680: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e 2061 6c6c 0a20 ailable in all. \n+00002690: 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f configuratio\n+000026a0: 6e73 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 456e 7669 726f ns (*note Enviro\n+000026b0: 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b3a 3a29 2e0a nment block::)..\n+000026c0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4752 5542 2032 2068 . ... GRUB 2 h\n+000026d0: 6173 206d 6f72 6520 7265 6c69 6162 6c65 as more reliable\n+000026e0: 2077 6179 7320 746f 2066 696e 6420 6974 ways to find it\n+000026f0: 7320 6f77 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 616e 6420 s own files and \n+00002700: 7468 6f73 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7461 those of. ta\n+00002710: 7267 6574 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 206f 6e20 rget kernels on \n+00002720: 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2d64 6973 6b20 7379 multiple-disk sy\n+00002730: 7374 656d 732c 2061 6e64 2068 6173 2063 stems, and has c\n+00002740: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 ommands (*note. \n+00002750: 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 3a3a 2920 746f search::) to\n+00002760: 2066 696e 6420 6465 7669 6365 7320 7573 find devices us\n+00002770: 696e 6720 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 ing file system \n+00002780: 6c61 6265 6c73 206f 7220 556e 6976 6572 labels or Univer\n+00002790: 7361 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2055 6e69 7175 sally. Uniqu\n+000027a0: 6520 4964 656e 7469 6669 6572 7320 2855 e Identifiers (U\n+000027b0: 5549 4473 292e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2047 UIDs)... ... G\n+000027c0: 5255 4220 3220 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 RUB 2 is availab\n+000027d0: 6c65 2066 6f72 2073 6576 6572 616c 206f le for several o\n+000027e0: 7468 6572 2074 7970 6573 206f 6620 7379 ther types of sy\n+000027f0: 7374 656d 2069 6e20 6164 6469 7469 6f6e stem in addition\n+00002800: 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2074 6865 2050 4320 . to the PC \n+00002810: 4249 4f53 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2073 7570 BIOS systems sup\n+00002820: 706f 7274 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 204c ported by GRUB L\n+00002830: 6567 6163 793a 2050 4320 4546 492c 2050 egacy: PC EFI, P\n+00002840: 430a 2020 2020 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f 742c C. coreboot,\n+00002850: 2050 6f77 6572 5043 2c20 5350 4152 432c PowerPC, SPARC,\n+00002860: 2061 6e64 204d 4950 5320 4c65 6d6f 7465 and MIPS Lemote\n+00002870: 2059 6565 6c6f 6f6e 6720 6172 6520 616c Yeeloong are al\n+00002880: 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 l. supported\n+00002890: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4d61 6e79 206d ... ... Many m\n+000028a0: 6f72 6520 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d73 ore file systems\n+000028b0: 2061 7265 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2c20 are supported, \n+000028c0: 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 6275 7420 6e6f including but no\n+000028d0: 7420 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 0a20 2020 t limited to. \n+000028e0: 2020 6578 7434 2c20 4846 532b 2c20 616e ext4, HFS+, an\n+000028f0: 6420 4e54 4653 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 d NTFS... ... \n+00002900: 4752 5542 2032 2063 616e 2072 6561 6420 GRUB 2 can read \n+00002910: 6669 6c65 7320 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2066 files directly f\n+00002920: 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 616e 6420 5241 4944 rom LVM and RAID\n+00002930: 2064 6576 6963 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 devices... ..\n+00002940: a220 4120 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 7465 . A graphical te\n+00002950: 726d 696e 616c 2061 6e64 2061 2067 7261 rminal and a gra\n+00002960: 7068 6963 616c 206d 656e 7520 7379 7374 phical menu syst\n+00002970: 656d 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 em are available\n+00002980: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4752 5542 2032 ... ... GRUB 2\n+00002990: 2773 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2063 616e 's interface can\n+000029a0: 2062 6520 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 2c20 be translated, \n+000029b0: 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 6d65 6e75 2065 including menu e\n+000029c0: 6e74 7279 206e 616d 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 ntry names... \n+000029d0: e280 a220 5468 6520 696d 6167 6520 6669 ... The image fi\n+000029e0: 6c65 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6d61 6765 les (*note Image\n+000029f0: 733a 3a29 2074 6861 7420 6d61 6b65 2075 s::) that make u\n+00002a00: 7020 4752 5542 2068 6176 6520 6265 656e p GRUB have been\n+00002a10: 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6f72 6761 6e69 7365 . reorganise\n+00002a20: 643b 2053 7461 6765 2031 2c20 5374 6167 d; Stage 1, Stag\n+00002a30: 6520 312e 352c 2061 6e64 2053 7461 6765 e 1.5, and Stage\n+00002a40: 2032 2061 7265 206e 6f20 6d6f 7265 2e0a 2 are no more..\n+00002a50: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4752 5542 2032 2070 . ... GRUB 2 p\n+00002a60: 7574 7320 6d61 6e79 2066 6163 696c 6974 uts many facilit\n+00002a70: 6965 7320 696e 2064 796e 616d 6963 616c ies in dynamical\n+00002a80: 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 ly loaded module\n+00002a90: 732c 2061 6c6c 6f77 696e 670a 2020 2020 s, allowing. \n+00002aa0: 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 the core image \n+00002ab0: 746f 2062 6520 736d 616c 6c65 722c 2061 to be smaller, a\n+00002ac0: 6e64 2061 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7468 6520 nd allowing the \n+00002ad0: 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 6265 core image to be\n+00002ae0: 0a20 2020 2020 6275 696c 7420 696e 206d . built in m\n+00002af0: 6f72 6520 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2077 6179 ore flexible way\n+00002b00: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n+00002b10: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4665 .info, Node: Fe\n+00002b20: 6174 7572 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2052 atures, Next: R\n+00002b30: 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f ole of a boot lo\n+00002b40: 6164 6572 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2043 6861 ader, Prev: Cha\n+00002b50: 6e67 6573 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 204c nges from GRUB L\n+00002b60: 6567 6163 792c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7472 egacy, Up: Intr\n+00002b70: 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3420 4752 oduction..1.4 GR\n+00002b80: 5542 2066 6561 7475 7265 730a 3d3d 3d3d UB features.====\n+00002b90: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 =============..T\n+00002ba0: 6865 2070 7269 6d61 7279 2072 6571 7569 he primary requi\n+00002bb0: 7265 6d65 6e74 2066 6f72 2047 5255 4220 rement for GRUB \n+00002bc0: 6973 2074 6861 7420 6974 2062 6520 636f is that it be co\n+00002bd0: 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 mpliant with the\n+00002be0: 0ae2 809c 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 ....Multiboot Sp\n+00002bf0: 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6ee2 809d 2c20 ecification..., \n+00002c00: 7768 6963 6820 6973 2064 6573 6372 6962 which is describ\n+00002c10: 6564 2069 6e20 2a6e 6f74 6520 4d75 6c74 ed in *note Mult\n+00002c20: 6962 6f6f 740a 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 iboot.Specificat\n+00002c30: 696f 6e3a 2028 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7429 ion: (multiboot)\n+00002c40: 546f 702e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 206f 7468 Top... The oth\n+00002c50: 6572 2067 6f61 6c73 2c20 6c69 7374 6564 er goals, listed\n+00002c60: 2069 6e20 6170 7072 6f78 696d 6174 6520 in approximate \n+00002c70: 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 order of importa\n+00002c80: 6e63 652c 2061 7265 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 nce, are:.. ..\n+00002c90: a220 4261 7369 6320 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e . Basic function\n+00002ca0: 7320 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7374 7261 6967 s must be straig\n+00002cb0: 6874 666f 7277 6172 6420 666f 7220 656e htforward for en\n+00002cc0: 642d 7573 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 d-users... ...\n+00002cd0: 2052 6963 6820 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c Rich functional\n+00002ce0: 6974 7920 746f 2073 7570 706f 7274 206b ity to support k\n+00002cf0: 6572 6e65 6c20 6578 7065 7274 7320 616e ernel experts an\n+00002d00: 6420 6465 7369 676e 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 d designers... \n+00002d10: 20e2 80a2 2042 6163 6b77 6172 6420 636f ... Backward co\n+00002d20: 6d70 6174 6962 696c 6974 7920 666f 7220 mpatibility for \n+00002d30: 626f 6f74 696e 6720 4672 6565 4253 442c booting FreeBSD,\n+00002d40: 204e 6574 4253 442c 204f 7065 6e42 5344 NetBSD, OpenBSD\n+00002d50: 2c20 616e 640a 2020 2020 204c 696e 7578 , and. Linux\n+00002d60: 2e20 2050 726f 7072 6965 7461 7279 206b . 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In add\n+00002f50: 6974 696f 6e20 746f 2074 6865 2072 6571 ition to the req\n+00002f60: 7569 7265 6d65 6e74 7320 6162 6f76 652c uirements above,\n+00002f70: 2047 5255 4220 6861 7320 7468 6520 666f GRUB has the fo\n+00002f80: 6c6c 6f77 696e 670a 6665 6174 7572 6573 llowing.features\n+00002f90: 2028 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 (note that the \n+00002fa0: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 Multiboot Specif\n+00002fb0: 6963 6174 696f 6e20 646f 6573 6e27 7420 ication doesn't \n+00002fc0: 7265 7175 6972 6520 616c 6c20 7468 650a require all the.\n+00002fd0: 6665 6174 7572 6573 2074 6861 7420 4752 features that GR\n+00002fe0: 5542 2073 7570 706f 7274 7329 3a0a 0a52 UB supports):..R\n+00002ff0: 6563 6f67 6e69 7a65 206d 756c 7469 706c ecognize multipl\n+00003000: 6520 6578 6563 7574 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 e executable for\n+00003010: 6d61 7473 0a20 2020 2020 5375 7070 6f72 mats. Suppor\n+00003020: 7420 6d61 6e79 206f 6620 7468 6520 e280 t many of the ..\n+00003030: 9c61 2e6f 7574 e280 9d20 7661 7269 616e .a.out... varian\n+00003040: 7473 2070 6c75 7320 e280 9c45 4c46 e280 ts plus ...ELF..\n+00003050: 9d2e 2053 796d 626f 6c20 7461 626c 6573 .. Symbol tables\n+00003060: 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 616c 736f 206c are. also l\n+00003070: 6f61 6465 642e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 oaded...Support \n+00003080: 6e6f 6e2d 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 non-Multiboot ke\n+00003090: 726e 656c 730a 2020 2020 2053 7570 706f rnels. 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Chain-loa\n+00003150: 6469 6e67 206f 660a 2020 2020 206f 7468 ding of. oth\n+00003160: 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 er boot loaders \n+00003170: 6973 2061 6c73 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7465 is also supporte\n+00003180: 642e 0a0a 4c6f 6164 206d 756c 7469 706c d...Load multipl\n+00003190: 6573 206d 6f64 756c 6573 0a20 2020 2020 es modules. \n+000031a0: 4675 6c6c 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7468 Fully support th\n+000031b0: 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6665 6174 e Multiboot feat\n+000031c0: 7572 6520 6f66 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 206d ure of loading m\n+000031d0: 756c 7469 706c 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e ultiple modules.\n+000031e0: 0a0a 4c6f 6164 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 ..Load a configu\n+000031f0: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 ration file. \n+00003200: 2053 7570 706f 7274 2061 2068 756d 616e Support a human\n+00003210: 2d72 6561 6461 626c 6520 7465 7874 2063 -readable text c\n+00003220: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n+00003230: 6520 7769 7468 2070 7265 7365 7420 626f e with preset bo\n+00003240: 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 ot. commands\n+00003250: 2e20 2059 6f75 2063 616e 2061 6c73 6f20 . You can also \n+00003260: 6c6f 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2063 6f6e load another con\n+00003270: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 figuration file \n+00003280: 6479 6e61 6d69 6361 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 dynamically. \n+00003290: 2061 6e64 2065 6d62 6564 2061 2070 7265 and embed a pre\n+000032a0: 7365 7420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f set configuratio\n+000032b0: 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 6e20 6120 4752 5542 n file in a GRUB\n+000032c0: 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 652e 2020 5468 image file. Th\n+000032d0: 650a 2020 2020 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2063 e. list of c\n+000032e0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 ommands (*note C\n+000032f0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a 3a29 2061 7265 2061 ommands::) are a\n+00003300: 2073 7570 6572 7365 7420 6f66 2074 686f superset of tho\n+00003310: 7365 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 6f72 7465 se. supporte\n+00003320: 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 d on the command\n+00003330: 2d6c 696e 652e 2020 416e 2065 7861 6d70 -line. An examp\n+00003340: 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e le configuration\n+00003350: 2066 696c 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7072 file is. pr\n+00003360: 6f76 6964 6564 2069 6e20 2a6e 6f74 6520 ovided in *note \n+00003370: 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a2e Configuration::.\n+00003380: 0a0a 5072 6f76 6964 6520 6120 6d65 6e75 ..Provide a menu\n+00003390: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a20 2020 2020 interface. \n+000033a0: 4120 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 A menu interface\n+000033b0: 206c 6973 7469 6e67 2070 7265 7365 7420 listing preset \n+000033c0: 626f 6f74 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2077 boot commands, w\n+000033d0: 6974 6820 6120 7072 6f67 7261 6d6d 6162 ith a programmab\n+000033e0: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 7469 6d65 6f75 742c le. timeout,\n+000033f0: 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 is available. \n+00003400: 5468 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 6669 7865 There is no fixe\n+00003410: 6420 6c69 6d69 7420 6f6e 2074 6865 206e d limit on the n\n+00003420: 756d 6265 7220 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 626f umber of. bo\n+00003430: 6f74 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2c20 616e 6420 ot entries, and \n+00003440: 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 696d 706c the current impl\n+00003450: 656d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 2068 6173 2073 ementation has s\n+00003460: 7061 6365 2066 6f72 2073 6576 6572 616c pace for several\n+00003470: 0a20 2020 2020 6875 6e64 7265 642e 0a0a . hundred...\n+00003480: 4861 7665 2061 2066 6c65 7869 626c 6520 Have a flexible \n+00003490: 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 command-line int\n+000034a0: 6572 6661 6365 0a20 2020 2020 4120 6661 erface. A fa\n+000034b0: 6972 6c79 2066 6c65 7869 626c 6520 636f irly flexible co\n+000034c0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 mmand-line inter\n+000034d0: 6661 6365 2c20 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 face, accessible\n+000034e0: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2c0a from the menu,.\n+000034f0: 2020 2020 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c is availabl\n+00003500: 6520 746f 2065 6469 7420 616e 7920 7072 e to edit any pr\n+00003510: 6573 6574 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 206f eset commands, o\n+00003520: 7220 7772 6974 6520 6120 6e65 7720 626f r write a new bo\n+00003530: 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 ot. command \n+00003540: 7365 7420 6672 6f6d 2073 6372 6174 6368 set from scratch\n+00003550: 2e20 2049 6620 6e6f 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 . If no configu\n+00003560: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6973 2070 ration file is p\n+00003570: 7265 7365 6e74 2c0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 resent,. GRU\n+00003580: 4220 6472 6f70 7320 746f 2074 6865 2063 B drops to the c\n+00003590: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 652e 0a0a 2020 ommand-line... \n+000035a0: 2020 2054 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2063 The list of c\n+000035b0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 ommands (*note C\n+000035c0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a 3a29 2061 7265 2061 ommands::) are a\n+000035d0: 2073 7562 7365 7420 6f66 2074 686f 7365 subset of those\n+000035e0: 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 . supported \n+000035f0: 666f 7220 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f for configuratio\n+00003600: 6e20 6669 6c65 732e 2020 4564 6974 696e n files. Editin\n+00003610: 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2063 6c6f 7365 g commands close\n+00003620: 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7265 7365 6d62 6c65 ly. resemble\n+00003630: 7320 7468 6520 4261 7368 2063 6f6d 6d61 s the Bash comma\n+00003640: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 2042 nd-line (*note B\n+00003650: 6173 683a 2028 6665 6174 7572 6573 2943 ash: (features)C\n+00003660: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 204c 696e 650a 2020 2020 ommand Line. \n+00003670: 2045 6469 7469 6e67 2e29 2c20 7769 7468 Editing.), with\n+00003680: 203c 5441 423e 2d63 6f6d 706c 6574 696f -completio\n+00003690: 6e20 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2064 n of commands, d\n+000036a0: 6576 6963 6573 2c20 7061 7274 6974 696f evices, partitio\n+000036b0: 6e73 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2066 696c ns,. and fil\n+000036c0: 6573 2069 6e20 6120 6469 7265 6374 6f72 es in a director\n+000036d0: 7920 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2063 y depending on c\n+000036e0: 6f6e 7465 7874 2e0a 0a53 7570 706f 7274 ontext...Support\n+000036f0: 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 6669 6c65 7379 multiple filesy\n+00003700: 7374 656d 2074 7970 6573 0a20 2020 2020 stem types. \n+00003710: 5375 7070 6f72 7420 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 Support multiple\n+00003720: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 7479 7065 filesystem type\n+00003730: 7320 7472 616e 7370 6172 656e 746c 792c s transparently,\n+00003740: 2070 6c75 7320 6120 7573 6566 756c 0a20 plus a useful. \n+00003750: 2020 2020 6578 706c 6963 6974 2062 6c6f explicit blo\n+00003760: 636b 6c69 7374 206e 6f74 6174 696f 6e2e cklist notation.\n+00003770: 2020 5468 6520 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 The currently \n+00003780: 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6669 6c65 7379 supported filesy\n+00003790: 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 7479 7065 7320 stem. types \n+000037a0: 6172 6520 e280 9c41 6d69 6761 2046 6173 are ...Amiga Fas\n+000037b0: 7420 4669 6c65 5379 7374 656d 2028 4146 t FileSystem (AF\n+000037c0: 4653 29e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c41 7468 654f FS)..., ...AtheO\n+000037d0: 5320 6673 e280 9d2c 20e2 809c 4265 4653 S fs..., ...BeFS\n+000037e0: e280 9d2c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9c42 7472 ...,. ...Btr\n+000037f0: 4653 e280 9d20 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 FS... (including\n+00003800: 2072 6169 6430 2c20 7261 6964 312c 2072 raid0, raid1, r\n+00003810: 6169 6431 302c 2067 7a69 7020 616e 6420 aid10, gzip and \n+00003820: 6c7a 6f29 2c20 e280 9c63 7069 6fe2 809d lzo), ...cpio...\n+00003830: 0a20 2020 2020 286c 6974 746c 652d 2061 . (little- a\n+00003840: 6e64 2062 6967 2d65 6e64 6961 6e20 6269 nd big-endian bi\n+00003850: 6e2c 206f 6463 2061 6e64 206e 6577 6320 n, odc and newc \n+00003860: 7661 7269 616e 7473 292c 20e2 809c 4c69 variants), ...Li\n+00003870: 6e75 780a 2020 2020 2065 7874 322f 6578 nux. ext2/ex\n+00003880: 7433 2f65 7874 34e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c44 t3/ext4..., ...D\n+00003890: 4f53 2046 4154 3132 2f46 4154 3136 2f46 OS FAT12/FAT16/F\n+000038a0: 4154 3332 e280 9d2c 20e2 809c 6578 4641 AT32..., ...exFA\n+000038b0: 54e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c46 3246 53e2 809d T..., ...F2FS...\n+000038c0: 2c20 e280 9c48 4653 e280 9d2c 0a20 2020 , ...HFS...,. \n+000038d0: 2020 e280 9c48 4653 2be2 809d 2c20 e280 ...HFS+..., ..\n+000038e0: 9c49 534f 3936 3630 e280 9d20 2869 6e63 .ISO9660... (inc\n+000038f0: 6c75 6469 6e67 204a 6f6c 6965 742c 2052 luding Joliet, R\n+00003900: 6f63 6b2d 7269 6467 6520 616e 6420 6d75 ock-ridge and mu\n+00003910: 6c74 692d 6368 756e 6b0a 2020 2020 2066 lti-chunk. f\n+00003920: 696c 6573 292c 20e2 809c 4a46 53e2 809d iles), ...JFS...\n+00003930: 2c20 e280 9c4d 696e 6978 2066 73e2 809d , ...Minix fs...\n+00003940: 2028 7665 7273 696f 6e73 2031 2c20 3220 (versions 1, 2 \n+00003950: 616e 6420 3329 2c20 e280 9c6e 696c 6673 and 3), ...nilfs\n+00003960: 32e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c4e 5446 53e2 809d 2..., ...NTFS...\n+00003970: 0a20 2020 2020 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 . (including\n+00003980: 2063 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 292c 20e2 compression), .\n+00003990: 809c 5265 6973 6572 4653 e280 9d2c 20e2 ..ReiserFS..., .\n+000039a0: 809c 524f 4d46 53e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c41 ..ROMFS..., ...A\n+000039b0: 6d69 6761 2053 6d61 7274 0a20 2020 2020 miga Smart. \n+000039c0: 4669 6c65 5379 7374 656d 2028 5346 5329 FileSystem (SFS)\n+000039d0: e280 9d2c 20e2 809c 5371 7561 7368 34e2 ..., ...Squash4.\n+000039e0: 809d 2c20 e280 9c74 6172 e280 9d2c 20e2 .., ...tar..., .\n+000039f0: 809c 5544 46e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c42 5344 ..UDF..., ...BSD\n+00003a00: 2055 4653 2f55 4653 32e2 809d 2c20 e280 UFS/UFS2..., ..\n+00003a10: 9c58 4653 e280 9d2c 0a20 2020 2020 616e .XFS...,. an\n+00003a20: 6420 e280 9c5a 4653 e280 9d20 2869 6e63 d ...ZFS... (inc\n+00003a30: 6c75 6469 6e67 206c 7a6a 622c 2067 7a69 luding lzjb, gzi\n+00003a40: 702c 207a 6c65 2c20 6d69 7272 6f72 2c20 p, zle, mirror, \n+00003a50: 7374 7269 7065 2c20 7261 6964 7a31 2f32 stripe, raidz1/2\n+00003a60: 2f33 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 656e 6372 /3. and encr\n+00003a70: 7970 7469 6f6e 2069 6e20 4145 532d 4343 yption in AES-CC\n+00003a80: 4d20 616e 6420 4145 532d 4743 4d29 2e20 M and AES-GCM). \n+00003a90: 2a4e 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d *Note Filesystem\n+00003aa0: 3a3a 2c20 666f 720a 2020 2020 206d 6f72 ::, for. mor\n+00003ab0: 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a e information...\n+00003ac0: 5375 7070 6f72 7420 6175 746f 6d61 7469 Support automati\n+00003ad0: 6320 6465 636f 6d70 7265 7373 696f 6e0a c decompression.\n+00003ae0: 2020 2020 2043 616e 2064 6563 6f6d 7072 Can decompr\n+00003af0: 6573 7320 6669 6c65 7320 7768 6963 6820 ess files which \n+00003b00: 7765 7265 2063 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6420 were compressed \n+00003b10: 6279 20e2 8098 677a 6970 e280 9920 6f72 by ...gzip... or\n+00003b20: 20e2 8098 787a e280 9928 3229 0a20 2020 ...xz...(2). \n+00003b30: 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 6561 7475 7265 (*note Feature\n+00003b40: 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d32 3a3a 292e s-Footnote-2::).\n+00003b50: 2020 5468 6973 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 This function \n+00003b60: 6973 2062 6f74 6820 6175 746f 6d61 7469 is both automati\n+00003b70: 6320 616e 640a 2020 2020 2074 7261 6e73 c and. trans\n+00003b80: 7061 7265 6e74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7573 parent to the us\n+00003b90: 6572 2028 692e 652e 2020 616c 6c20 6675 er (i.e. all fu\n+00003ba0: 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6f70 6572 6174 6520 nctions operate \n+00003bb0: 7570 6f6e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 756e upon the. un\n+00003bc0: 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2063 6f6e 7465 compressed conte\n+00003bd0: 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 nts of the speci\n+00003be0: 6669 6564 2066 696c 6573 292e 2020 5468 fied files). Th\n+00003bf0: 6973 2067 7265 6174 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 is greatly. \n+00003c00: 7265 6475 6365 7320 6120 6669 6c65 2073 reduces a file s\n+00003c10: 697a 6520 616e 6420 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 ize and loading \n+00003c20: 7469 6d65 2c20 6120 7061 7274 6963 756c time, a particul\n+00003c30: 6172 6c79 2067 7265 6174 2062 656e 6566 arly great benef\n+00003c40: 6974 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7220 666c 6f70 it. for flop\n+00003c50: 7069 6573 2e28 3329 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 pies.(3) (*note\n+00003c60: 2046 6561 7475 7265 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f Features-Footno\n+00003c70: 7465 2d33 3a3a 290a 0a20 2020 2020 4974 te-3::).. It\n+00003c80: 2069 7320 636f 6e63 6569 7661 626c 6520 is conceivable \n+00003c90: 7468 6174 2073 6f6d 6520 6b65 726e 656c that some kernel\n+00003ca0: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2073 686f 756c 6420 modules should \n+00003cb0: 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 696e 2061 0a20 be loaded in a. \n+00003cc0: 2020 2020 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2073 compressed s\n+00003cd0: 7461 7465 2c20 736f 2061 2064 6966 6665 tate, so a diffe\n+00003ce0: 7265 6e74 206d 6f64 756c 652d 6c6f 6164 rent module-load\n+00003cf0: 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6361 6e20 ing command can \n+00003d00: 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 6965 be. specifie\n+00003d10: 6420 746f 2061 766f 6964 2075 6e63 6f6d d to avoid uncom\n+00003d20: 7072 6573 7369 6e67 2074 6865 206d 6f64 pressing the mod\n+00003d30: 756c 6573 2e0a 0a41 6363 6573 7320 6461 ules...Access da\n+00003d40: 7461 206f 6e20 616e 7920 696e 7374 616c ta on any instal\n+00003d50: 6c65 6420 6465 7669 6365 0a20 2020 2020 led device. \n+00003d60: 5375 7070 6f72 7420 7265 6164 696e 6720 Support reading \n+00003d70: 6461 7461 2066 726f 6d20 616e 7920 6f72 data from any or\n+00003d80: 2061 6c6c 2066 6c6f 7070 6965 7320 6f72 all floppies or\n+00003d90: 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2873 290a 2020 hard disk(s). \n+00003da0: 2020 2072 6563 6f67 6e69 7a65 6420 6279 recognized by\n+00003db0: 2074 6865 2042 494f 532c 2069 6e64 6570 the BIOS, indep\n+00003dc0: 656e 6465 6e74 206f 6620 7468 6520 7365 endent of the se\n+00003dd0: 7474 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 2072 6f6f tting of the roo\n+00003de0: 740a 2020 2020 2064 6576 6963 652e 0a0a t. device...\n+00003df0: 4265 2069 6e64 6570 656e 6465 6e74 206f Be independent o\n+00003e00: 6620 6472 6976 6520 6765 6f6d 6574 7279 f drive geometry\n+00003e10: 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 730a 2020 translations. \n+00003e20: 2020 2055 6e6c 696b 6520 6d61 6e79 206f Unlike many o\n+00003e30: 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 ther boot loader\n+00003e40: 732c 2047 5255 4220 6d61 6b65 7320 7468 s, GRUB makes th\n+00003e50: 6520 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 2064 7269 e particular dri\n+00003e60: 7665 0a20 2020 2020 7472 616e 736c 6174 ve. translat\n+00003e70: 696f 6e20 6972 7265 6c65 7661 6e74 2e20 ion irrelevant. \n+00003e80: 2041 2064 7269 7665 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c A drive install\n+00003e90: 6564 2061 6e64 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2077 ed and running w\n+00003ea0: 6974 6820 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2074 7261 ith one. tra\n+00003eb0: 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 2062 6520 nslation may be \n+00003ec0: 636f 6e76 6572 7465 6420 746f 2061 6e6f converted to ano\n+00003ed0: 7468 6572 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e ther translation\n+00003ee0: 2077 6974 686f 7574 2061 6e79 0a20 2020 without any. \n+00003ef0: 2020 6164 7665 7273 6520 6566 6665 6374 adverse effect\n+00003f00: 7320 6f72 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2069 6e20 s or changes in \n+00003f10: 4752 5542 2773 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 GRUB's configura\n+00003f20: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a44 6574 6563 7420 616c tion...Detect al\n+00003f30: 6c20 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 5241 4d0a l installed RAM.\n+00003f40: 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 6361 6e20 6765 GRUB can ge\n+00003f50: 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 6669 6e64 2061 6c6c nerally find all\n+00003f60: 2074 6865 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2052 the installed R\n+00003f70: 414d 206f 6e20 6120 5043 2d63 6f6d 7061 AM on a PC-compa\n+00003f80: 7469 626c 650a 2020 2020 206d 6163 6869 tible. machi\n+00003f90: 6e65 2e20 2049 7420 7573 6573 2061 6e20 ne. It uses an \n+00003fa0: 6164 7661 6e63 6564 2042 494f 5320 7175 advanced BIOS qu\n+00003fb0: 6572 7920 7465 6368 6e69 7175 6520 666f ery technique fo\n+00003fc0: 7220 6669 6e64 696e 6720 616c 6c0a 2020 r finding all. \n+00003fd0: 2020 206d 656d 6f72 7920 7265 6769 6f6e memory region\n+00003fe0: 732e 2020 4173 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 s. As described\n+00003ff0: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f on the Multiboo\n+00004000: 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 t Specification \n+00004010: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4d75 6c74 (*note. Mult\n+00004020: 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 iboot Specificat\n+00004030: 696f 6e3a 2028 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7429 ion: (multiboot)\n+00004040: 546f 702e 292c 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 206b Top.), not all k\n+00004050: 6572 6e65 6c73 206d 616b 6520 7573 650a ernels make use.\n+00004060: 2020 2020 206f 6620 7468 6973 2069 6e66 of this inf\n+00004070: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2c20 6275 7420 4752 ormation, but GR\n+00004080: 5542 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 6974 2066 UB provides it f\n+00004090: 6f72 2074 686f 7365 2077 686f 2064 6f2e or those who do.\n+000040a0: 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 4c6f 6769 6361 ..Support Logica\n+000040b0: 6c20 426c 6f63 6b20 4164 6472 6573 7320 l Block Address \n+000040c0: 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 2020 496e 2074 7261 mode. In tra\n+000040d0: 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2064 6973 6b20 6361 ditional disk ca\n+000040e0: 6c6c 7320 2863 616c 6c65 6420 e280 9c43 lls (called ...C\n+000040f0: 4853 206d 6f64 65e2 809d 292c 2074 6865 HS mode...), the\n+00004100: 7265 2069 7320 6120 6765 6f6d 6574 7279 re is a geometry\n+00004110: 0a20 2020 2020 7472 616e 736c 6174 696f . translatio\n+00004120: 6e20 7072 6f62 6c65 6d2c 2074 6861 7420 n problem, that \n+00004130: 6973 2c20 7468 6520 4249 4f53 2063 616e is, the BIOS can\n+00004140: 6e6f 7420 6163 6365 7373 206f 7665 7220 not access over \n+00004150: 3130 3234 0a20 2020 2020 6379 6c69 6e64 1024. cylind\n+00004160: 6572 732c 2073 6f20 7468 6520 6163 6365 ers, so the acce\n+00004170: 7373 6962 6c65 2073 7061 6365 2069 7320 ssible space is \n+00004180: 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 2061 7420 6c65 limited to at le\n+00004190: 6173 7420 3530 3820 4d42 0a20 2020 2020 ast 508 MB. \n+000041a0: 616e 6420 746f 2061 7420 6d6f 7374 2038 and to at most 8\n+000041b0: 4742 2e20 4752 5542 2063 616e 2774 2075 GB. GRUB can't u\n+000041c0: 6e69 7665 7273 616c 6c79 2073 6f6c 7665 niversally solve\n+000041d0: 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f62 6c65 6d2c 2061 this problem, a\n+000041e0: 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 s. there is \n+000041f0: 6e6f 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 696e 7465 no standard inte\n+00004200: 7266 6163 6520 7573 6564 2069 6e20 616c rface used in al\n+00004210: 6c20 6d61 6368 696e 6573 2e20 2048 6f77 l machines. How\n+00004220: 6576 6572 2c0a 2020 2020 2073 6576 6572 ever,. sever\n+00004230: 616c 206e 6577 6572 206d 6163 6869 6e65 al newer machine\n+00004240: 7320 6861 7665 2074 6865 206e 6577 2069 s have the new i\n+00004250: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 4c6f 6769 6361 nterface, Logica\n+00004260: 6c20 426c 6f63 6b0a 2020 2020 2041 6464 l Block. Add\n+00004270: 7265 7373 2028 e280 9c4c 4241 e280 9d29 ress (...LBA...)\n+00004280: 206d 6f64 652e 2020 4752 5542 2061 7574 mode. GRUB aut\n+00004290: 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2064 6574 6563 omatically detec\n+000042a0: 7473 2069 6620 4c42 4120 6d6f 6465 2069 ts if LBA mode i\n+000042b0: 730a 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 s. available\n+000042c0: 2061 6e64 2075 7365 7320 6974 2069 6620 and uses it if \n+000042d0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 496e 204c available. In L\n+000042e0: 4241 206d 6f64 652c 2047 5255 4220 6361 BA mode, GRUB ca\n+000042f0: 6e20 6163 6365 7373 0a20 2020 2020 7468 n access. th\n+00004300: 6520 656e 7469 7265 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a e entire disk...\n+00004310: 5375 7070 6f72 7420 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 Support network \n+00004320: 626f 6f74 696e 670a 2020 2020 2047 5255 booting. GRU\n+00004330: 4220 6973 2062 6173 6963 616c 6c79 2061 B is basically a\n+00004340: 2064 6973 6b2d 6261 7365 6420 626f 6f74 disk-based boot\n+00004350: 206c 6f61 6465 7220 6275 7420 616c 736f loader but also\n+00004360: 2068 6173 206e 6574 776f 726b 0a20 2020 has network. \n+00004370: 2020 7375 7070 6f72 742e 2020 596f 7520 support. You \n+00004380: 6361 6e20 6c6f 6164 204f 5320 696d 6167 can load OS imag\n+00004390: 6573 2066 726f 6d20 6120 6e65 7477 6f72 es from a networ\n+000043a0: 6b20 6279 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 k by using the .\n+000043b0: 809c 5446 5450 e280 9d0a 2020 2020 2070 ..TFTP.... p\n+000043c0: 726f 746f 636f 6c2e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 rotocol...Suppor\n+000043d0: 7420 7265 6d6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 t remote termina\n+000043e0: 6c73 0a20 2020 2020 546f 2073 7570 706f ls. To suppo\n+000043f0: 7274 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7273 2077 6974 rt computers wit\n+00004400: 6820 6e6f 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2c20 4752 h no console, GR\n+00004410: 5542 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 7265 6d6f UB provides remo\n+00004420: 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a 2020 2020 te terminal. \n+00004430: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2c20 736f 2074 6861 support, so tha\n+00004440: 7420 796f 7520 6361 6e20 636f 6e74 726f t you can contro\n+00004450: 6c20 4752 5542 2066 726f 6d20 6120 7265 l GRUB from a re\n+00004460: 6d6f 7465 2068 6f73 742e 2020 4f6e 6c79 mote host. Only\n+00004470: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 . serial ter\n+00004480: 6d69 6e61 6c20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6973 minal support is\n+00004490: 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 2061 7420 implemented at \n+000044a0: 7468 6520 6d6f 6d65 6e74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 the moment.....F\n+000044b0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+000044c0: 204e 6f64 653a 2046 6561 7475 7265 732d Node: Features-\n+000044d0: 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 Footnotes, Up: \n+000044e0: 4665 6174 7572 6573 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 Features.. (1)\n+000044f0: 2054 6865 204e 6574 4253 442f 6933 3836 The NetBSD/i386\n+00004500: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6973 204d 756c 7469 kernel is Multi\n+00004510: 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 2c20 boot-compliant, \n+00004520: 6275 7420 6c61 636b 7320 7375 7070 6f72 but lacks suppor\n+00004530: 740a 666f 7220 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 t.for Multiboot \n+00004540: 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 2028 3229 modules... (2)\n+00004550: 204f 6e6c 7920 4352 4333 3220 6461 7461 Only CRC32 data\n+00004560: 2069 6e74 6567 7269 7479 2063 6865 636b integrity check\n+00004570: 2069 7320 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 2878 is supported (x\n+00004580: 7a20 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2043 5243 z default is CRC\n+00004590: 3634 0a73 6f20 6f6e 6520 7368 6f75 6c64 64.so one should\n+000045a0: 2075 7365 202d 6368 6563 6b3d 6372 6333 use -check=crc3\n+000045b0: 3220 6f70 7469 6f6e 292e 2020 4c5a 4d41 2 option). LZMA\n+000045c0: 2042 434a 2066 696c 7465 7273 2061 7265 BCJ filters are\n+000045d0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 supported... \n+000045e0: 2833 2920 5468 6572 6520 6172 6520 6120 (3) There are a \n+000045f0: 6665 7720 7061 7468 6f6c 6f67 6963 616c few pathological\n+00004600: 2063 6173 6573 2077 6865 7265 206c 6f61 cases where loa\n+00004610: 6469 6e67 2061 2076 6572 7920 6261 646c ding a very badl\n+00004620: 790a 6f72 6761 6e69 7a65 6420 454c 4620 y.organized ELF \n+00004630: 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6967 6874 2074 616b kernel might tak\n+00004640: 6520 6c6f 6e67 6572 2c20 6275 7420 696e e longer, but in\n+00004650: 2070 7261 6374 6963 6520 7468 6973 206e practice this n\n+00004660: 6576 6572 0a68 6170 7065 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a ever.happen.....\n+00004670: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00004680: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 526f 6c65 206f 6620 Node: Role of \n+00004690: 6120 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722c 2020 a boot loader, \n+000046a0: 5072 6576 3a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 2c20 Prev: Features, \n+000046b0: 2055 703a 2049 6e74 726f 6475 6374 696f Up: Introductio\n+000046c0: 6e0a 0a31 2e35 2054 6865 2072 6f6c 6520 n..1.5 The role \n+000046d0: 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 of a boot loader\n+000046e0: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n+000046f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n+00004700: 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6973 The following is\n+00004710: 2061 2071 756f 7461 7469 6f6e 2066 726f a quotation fro\n+00004720: 6d20 476f 7264 6f6e 204d 6174 7a69 676b m Gordon Matzigk\n+00004730: 6569 742c 2061 2047 5255 4220 6661 6e61 eit, a GRUB fana\n+00004740: 7469 633a 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 tic:.. Some \n+00004750: 7065 6f70 6c65 206c 696b 6520 746f 2061 people like to a\n+00004760: 636b 6e6f 776c 6564 6765 2062 6f74 6820 cknowledge both \n+00004770: 7468 6520 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 the operating sy\n+00004780: 7374 656d 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 stem and. ke\n+00004790: 726e 656c 2077 6865 6e20 7468 6579 2074 rnel when they t\n+000047a0: 616c 6b20 6162 6f75 7420 7468 6569 7220 alk about their \n+000047b0: 636f 6d70 7574 6572 732c 2073 6f20 7468 computers, so th\n+000047c0: 6579 206d 6967 6874 2073 6179 2074 6865 ey might say the\n+000047d0: 790a 2020 2020 2075 7365 2022 474e 552f y. use \"GNU/\n+000047e0: 4c69 6e75 7822 206f 7220 2247 4e55 2f48 Linux\" or \"GNU/H\n+000047f0: 7572 6422 2e20 204f 7468 6572 2070 656f urd\". Other peo\n+00004800: 706c 6520 7365 656d 2074 6f20 7468 696e ple seem to thin\n+00004810: 6b20 7468 6174 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 k that the. \n+00004820: 6b65 726e 656c 2069 7320 7468 6520 6d6f kernel is the mo\n+00004830: 7374 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 2070 6172 st important par\n+00004840: 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d2c t of the system,\n+00004850: 2073 6f20 7468 6579 206c 696b 6520 746f so they like to\n+00004860: 0a20 2020 2020 6361 6c6c 2074 6865 6972 . call their\n+00004870: 2047 4e55 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 GNU operating s\n+00004880: 7973 7465 6d73 2022 4c69 6e75 7820 7379 ystems \"Linux sy\n+00004890: 7374 656d 732e 220a 0a20 2020 2020 492c stems.\".. I,\n+000048a0: 2070 6572 736f 6e61 6c6c 792c 2062 656c personally, bel\n+000048b0: 6965 7665 2074 6861 7420 7468 6973 2069 ieve that this i\n+000048c0: 7320 6120 6772 6176 6520 696e 6a75 7374 s a grave injust\n+000048d0: 6963 652c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 ice, because the\n+000048e0: 0a20 2020 2020 5f62 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 . _boot load\n+000048f0: 6572 5f20 6973 2074 6865 206d 6f73 7420 er_ is the most \n+00004900: 696d 706f 7274 616e 7420 736f 6674 7761 important softwa\n+00004910: 7265 206f 6620 616c 6c2e 2020 4920 7573 re of all. I us\n+00004920: 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2072 6566 6572 ed to. refer\n+00004930: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6162 6f76 6520 7379 to the above sy\n+00004940: 7374 656d 7320 6173 2065 6974 6865 7220 stems as either \n+00004950: 224c 494c 4f22 2831 2920 282a 6e6f 7465 \"LILO\"(1) (*note\n+00004960: 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 0a20 2020 2020 Role of a. \n+00004970: 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722d 466f 6f74 boot loader-Foot\n+00004980: 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 2920 6f72 2022 4752 note-1::) or \"GR\n+00004990: 5542 2220 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 UB\" systems... \n+000049a0: 2020 2055 6e66 6f72 7475 6e61 7465 6c79 Unfortunately\n+000049b0: 2c20 6e6f 626f 6479 2065 7665 7220 756e , nobody ever un\n+000049c0: 6465 7273 746f 6f64 2077 6861 7420 4920 derstood what I \n+000049d0: 7761 7320 7461 6c6b 696e 6720 6162 6f75 was talking abou\n+000049e0: 743b 206e 6f77 0a20 2020 2020 4920 6a75 t; now. I ju\n+000049f0: 7374 2075 7365 2074 6865 2077 6f72 6420 st use the word \n+00004a00: 2247 4e55 2220 6173 2061 2070 7365 7564 \"GNU\" as a pseud\n+00004a10: 6f6e 796d 2066 6f72 2047 5255 422e 0a0a onym for GRUB...\n+00004a20: 2020 2020 2053 6f2c 2069 6620 796f 7520 So, if you \n+00004a30: 6576 6572 2068 6561 7220 7065 6f70 6c65 ever hear people\n+00004a40: 2074 616c 6b69 6e67 2061 626f 7574 2074 talking about t\n+00004a50: 6865 6972 2061 6c6c 6567 6564 2022 474e heir alleged \"GN\n+00004a60: 5522 0a20 2020 2020 7379 7374 656d 732c U\". systems,\n+00004a70: 2072 656d 656d 6265 7220 7468 6174 2074 remember that t\n+00004a80: 6865 7920 6172 6520 6163 7475 616c 6c79 hey are actually\n+00004a90: 2070 6179 696e 6720 686f 6d61 6765 2074 paying homage t\n+00004aa0: 6f20 7468 6520 6265 7374 0a20 2020 2020 o the best. \n+00004ab0: 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 6172 6f75 boot loader arou\n+00004ac0: 6e64 2e2e 2e20 4752 5542 210a 0a20 2020 nd... GRUB!.. \n+00004ad0: 5765 2c20 7468 6520 4752 5542 206d 6169 We, the GRUB mai\n+00004ae0: 6e74 6169 6e65 7273 2c20 646f 206e 6f74 ntainers, do not\n+00004af0: 2028 7573 7561 6c6c 7929 2065 6e63 6f75 (usually) encou\n+00004b00: 7261 6765 2047 6f72 646f 6e27 7320 6c65 rage Gordon's le\n+00004b10: 7665 6c0a 6f66 2066 616e 6174 6963 6973 vel.of fanaticis\n+00004b20: 6d2c 2062 7574 2069 7420 6865 6c70 7320 m, but it helps \n+00004b30: 746f 2072 656d 656d 6265 7220 7468 6174 to remember that\n+00004b40: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 6465 boot loaders de\n+00004b50: 7365 7276 650a 7265 636f 676e 6974 696f serve.recognitio\n+00004b60: 6e2e 2020 5765 2068 6f70 6520 7468 6174 n. We hope that\n+00004b70: 2079 6f75 2065 6e6a 6f79 2075 7369 6e67 you enjoy using\n+00004b80: 2047 4e55 2047 5255 4220 6173 206d 7563 GNU GRUB as muc\n+00004b90: 6820 6173 2077 6520 6469 640a 7772 6974 h as we did.writ\n+00004ba0: 696e 6720 6974 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ing it.....File:\n+00004bb0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00004bc0: 653a 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f e: Role of a boo\n+00004bd0: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 t loader-Footnot\n+00004be0: 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 es, Up: Role of\n+00004bf0: 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a0a a boot loader..\n+00004c00: 2020 2028 3129 2054 6865 204c 496e 7578 (1) The LInux\n+00004c10: 204c 4f61 6465 722c 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 LOader, a boot \n+00004c20: 6c6f 6164 6572 2074 6861 7420 6576 6572 loader that ever\n+00004c30: 7962 6f64 7920 7573 6573 2c20 6275 7420 ybody uses, but \n+00004c40: 6e6f 626f 6479 0a6c 696b 6573 2e0a 0a1f nobody.likes....\n+00004c50: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00004c60: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204e 616d 696e 6720 , Node: Naming \n+00004c70: 636f 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 convention, Nex\n+00004c80: 743a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e t: OS-specific n\n+00004c90: 6f74 6573 2061 626f 7574 2067 7275 6220 otes about grub \n+00004ca0: 746f 6f6c 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e tools, Prev: In\n+00004cb0: 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a troduction, Up:\n+00004cc0: 2054 6f70 0a0a 3220 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 Top..2 Naming c\n+00004cd0: 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a onvention.******\n+00004ce0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 *************..T\n+00004cf0: 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 he device syntax\n+00004d00: 2075 7365 6420 696e 2047 5255 4220 6973 used in GRUB is\n+00004d10: 2061 2077 6565 2062 6974 2064 6966 6665 a wee bit diffe\n+00004d20: 7265 6e74 2066 726f 6d20 7768 6174 2079 rent from what y\n+00004d30: 6f75 206d 6179 0a68 6176 6520 7365 656e ou may.have seen\n+00004d40: 2062 6566 6f72 6520 696e 2079 6f75 7220 before in your \n+00004d50: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n+00004d60: 2873 292c 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 206e 6565 (s), and you nee\n+00004d70: 6420 746f 206b 6e6f 7720 6974 2073 6f0a d to know it so.\n+00004d80: 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2073 7065 that you can spe\n+00004d90: 6369 6679 2061 2064 7269 7665 2f70 6172 cify a drive/par\n+00004da0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4c6f 6f6b tition... Look\n+00004db0: 2061 7420 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e at the followin\n+00004dc0: 6720 6578 616d 706c 6573 2061 6e64 2065 g examples and e\n+00004dd0: 7870 6c61 6e61 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a 2020 xplanations:.. \n+00004de0: 2020 2028 6664 3029 0a0a 2020 2046 6972 (fd0).. Fir\n+00004df0: 7374 206f 6620 616c 6c2c 2047 5255 4220 st of all, GRUB \n+00004e00: 7265 7175 6972 6573 2074 6861 7420 7468 requires that th\n+00004e10: 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 6265 e device name be\n+00004e20: 2065 6e63 6c6f 7365 6420 7769 7468 20e2 enclosed with .\n+00004e30: 8098 28e2 8099 0a61 6e64 20e2 8098 29e2 ..(....and ...).\n+00004e40: 8099 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 6664 e280 ... The ...fd..\n+00004e50: 9920 7061 7274 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 . part means tha\n+00004e60: 7420 6974 2069 7320 6120 666c 6f70 7079 t it is a floppy\n+00004e70: 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 5468 6520 6e75 6d62 disk. The numb\n+00004e80: 6572 20e2 8098 30e2 8099 0a69 7320 7468 er ...0....is th\n+00004e90: 6520 6472 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 2c20 e drive number, \n+00004ea0: 7768 6963 6820 6973 2063 6f75 6e74 6564 which is counted\n+00004eb0: 2066 726f 6d20 5f7a 6572 6f5f 2e20 2054 from _zero_. T\n+00004ec0: 6869 7320 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 0a6d his expression.m\n+00004ed0: 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2077 eans that GRUB w\n+00004ee0: 696c 6c20 7573 6520 7468 6520 7768 6f6c ill use the whol\n+00004ef0: 6520 666c 6f70 7079 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a e floppy disk...\n+00004f00: 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7332 (hd0,msdos2\n+00004f10: 290a 0a20 2020 4865 7265 2c20 e280 9868 ).. Here, ...h\n+00004f20: 64e2 8099 206d 6561 6e73 2069 7420 6973 d... means it is\n+00004f30: 2061 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2064 7269 a hard disk dri\n+00004f40: 7665 2e20 2054 6865 2066 6972 7374 2069 ve. The first i\n+00004f50: 6e74 6567 6572 20e2 8098 30e2 8099 0a69 nteger ...0....i\n+00004f60: 6e64 6963 6174 6573 2074 6865 2064 7269 ndicates the dri\n+00004f70: 7665 206e 756d 6265 722c 2074 6861 7420 ve number, that \n+00004f80: 6973 2c20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 is, the first ha\n+00004f90: 7264 2064 6973 6b2c 2074 6865 2073 7472 rd disk, the str\n+00004fa0: 696e 670a e280 986d 7364 6f73 e280 9920 ing....msdos... \n+00004fb0: 696e 6469 6361 7465 7320 7468 6520 7061 indicates the pa\n+00004fc0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7363 6865 6d65 2c20 rtition scheme, \n+00004fd0: 7768 696c 6520 7468 6520 7365 636f 6e64 while the second\n+00004fe0: 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2c20 e280 9832 e280 integer, ...2..\n+00004ff0: 992c 0a69 6e64 6963 6174 6573 2074 6865 .,.indicates the\n+00005000: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 partition numbe\n+00005010: 7220 286f 7220 7468 6520 5043 2073 6c69 r (or the PC sli\n+00005020: 6365 206e 756d 6265 7220 696e 2074 6865 ce number in the\n+00005030: 2042 5344 0a74 6572 6d69 6e6f 6c6f 6779 BSD.terminology\n+00005040: 292e 2020 5468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f ). The partitio\n+00005050: 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 6172 6520 636f n numbers are co\n+00005060: 756e 7465 6420 6672 6f6d 205f 6f6e 655f unted from _one_\n+00005070: 2c20 6e6f 7420 6672 6f6d 0a7a 6572 6f20 , not from.zero \n+00005080: 2861 7320 7761 7320 7468 6520 6361 7365 (as was the case\n+00005090: 2069 6e20 7072 6576 696f 7573 2076 6572 in previous ver\n+000050a0: 7369 6f6e 7320 6f66 2047 5255 4229 2e20 sions of GRUB). \n+000050b0: 5468 6973 2065 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e0a This expression.\n+000050c0: 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 7365 636f 6e64 means the second\n+000050d0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 partition of th\n+000050e0: 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 e first hard dis\n+000050f0: 6b20 6472 6976 652e 2020 496e 2074 6869 k drive. In thi\n+00005100: 7320 6361 7365 2c0a 4752 5542 2075 7365 s case,.GRUB use\n+00005110: 7320 6f6e 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 s one partition \n+00005120: 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b2c 2069 6e73 of the disk, ins\n+00005130: 7465 6164 206f 6620 7468 6520 7768 6f6c tead of the whol\n+00005140: 6520 6469 736b 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2868 e disk... (h\n+00005150: 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 3529 0a0a 2020 2054 d0,msdos5).. T\n+00005160: 6869 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 his specifies th\n+00005170: 6520 6669 7273 7420 e280 9c65 7874 656e e first ...exten\n+00005180: 6465 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6ee2 809d ded partition...\n+00005190: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 of the first ha\n+000051a0: 7264 2064 6973 6b0a 6472 6976 652e 2020 rd disk.drive. \n+000051b0: 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 7061 Note that the pa\n+000051c0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 rtition numbers \n+000051d0: 666f 7220 6578 7465 6e64 6564 2070 6172 for extended par\n+000051e0: 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 650a 636f 756e titions are.coun\n+000051f0: 7465 6420 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 35e2 8099 ted from ...5...\n+00005200: 2c20 7265 6761 7264 6c65 7373 206f 6620 , regardless of \n+00005210: 7468 6520 6163 7475 616c 206e 756d 6265 the actual numbe\n+00005220: 7220 6f66 2070 7269 6d61 7279 2070 6172 r of primary par\n+00005230: 7469 7469 6f6e 730a 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 titions.on your \n+00005240: 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 hard disk... \n+00005250: 2028 6864 312c 6d73 646f 7331 2c62 7364 (hd1,msdos1,bsd\n+00005260: 3129 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 1).. This mean\n+00005270: 7320 7468 6520 4253 4420 e280 9861 e280 s the BSD ...a..\n+00005280: 9920 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f6e 2066 . partition on f\n+00005290: 6972 7374 2050 4320 736c 6963 6520 6e75 irst PC slice nu\n+000052a0: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7468 650a 7365 636f mber of the.seco\n+000052b0: 6e64 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2e0a 0a20 nd hard disk... \n+000052c0: 2020 4f66 2063 6f75 7273 652c 2074 6f20 Of course, to \n+000052d0: 6163 7475 616c 6c79 2061 6363 6573 7320 actually access \n+000052e0: 7468 6520 6469 736b 7320 6f72 2070 6172 the disks or par\n+000052f0: 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 7769 7468 2047 5255 titions with GRU\n+00005300: 422c 2079 6f75 0a6e 6565 6420 746f 2075 B, you.need to u\n+00005310: 7365 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 7370 se the device sp\n+00005320: 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 696e 2061 ecification in a\n+00005330: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2c20 6c69 6b65 20e2 command, like .\n+00005340: 8098 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6664 3029 ..set root=(fd0)\n+00005350: e280 990a 6f72 20e2 8098 7061 7274 746f ....or ...partto\n+00005360: 6f6c 2028 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7333 2920 ol (hd0,msdos3) \n+00005370: 6869 6464 656e 2de2 8099 2e20 2054 6f20 hidden-.... To \n+00005380: 6865 6c70 2079 6f75 2066 696e 6420 6f75 help you find ou\n+00005390: 7420 7768 6963 6820 6e75 6d62 6572 0a73 t which number.s\n+000053a0: 7065 6369 6669 6573 2061 2070 6172 7469 pecifies a parti\n+000053b0: 7469 6f6e 2079 6f75 2077 616e 742c 2074 tion you want, t\n+000053c0: 6865 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 642d he GRUB command-\n+000053d0: 6c69 6e65 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 436f 6d6d line (*note.Comm\n+000053e0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 and-line interfa\n+000053f0: 6365 3a3a 2920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6861 ce::) options ha\n+00005400: 7665 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 636f 6d70 ve argument comp\n+00005410: 6c65 7469 6f6e 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 letion. This me\n+00005420: 616e 730a 7468 6174 2c20 666f 7220 6578 ans.that, for ex\n+00005430: 616d 706c 652c 2079 6f75 206f 6e6c 7920 ample, you only \n+00005440: 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7479 7065 0a0a 2020 need to type.. \n+00005450: 2020 2073 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 280a 0a20 set root=(.. \n+00005460: 2020 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 7920 6120 followed by a \n+00005470: 3c54 4142 3e2c 2061 6e64 2047 5255 4220 , and GRUB \n+00005480: 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 will display the\n+00005490: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2064 7269 7665 732c list of drives,\n+000054a0: 0a70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 732c 206f 7220 .partitions, or \n+000054b0: 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6573 2e20 2053 6f20 file names. So \n+000054c0: 6974 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2071 7569 it should be qui\n+000054d0: 7465 2065 6173 7920 746f 2064 6574 6572 te easy to deter\n+000054e0: 6d69 6e65 2074 6865 0a6e 616d 6520 6f66 mine the.name of\n+000054f0: 2079 6f75 7220 7461 7267 6574 2070 6172 your target par\n+00005500: 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 6576 656e 2077 6974 tition, even wit\n+00005510: 6820 6d69 6e69 6d61 6c20 6b6e 6f77 6c65 h minimal knowle\n+00005520: 6467 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a73 796e 7461 dge of the.synta\n+00005530: 782e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 x... Note that\n+00005540: 2047 5255 4220 646f 6573 205f 6e6f 745f GRUB does _not_\n+00005550: 2064 6973 7469 6e67 7569 7368 2049 4445 distinguish IDE\n+00005560: 2066 726f 6d20 5343 5349 202d 2069 7420 from SCSI - it \n+00005570: 7369 6d70 6c79 0a63 6f75 6e74 7320 7468 simply.counts th\n+00005580: 6520 6472 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 e drive numbers \n+00005590: 6672 6f6d 207a 6572 6f2c 2072 6567 6172 from zero, regar\n+000055a0: 646c 6573 7320 6f66 2074 6865 6972 2074 dless of their t\n+000055b0: 7970 652e 2020 4e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2c0a ype. Normally,.\n+000055c0: 616e 7920 4944 4520 6472 6976 6520 6e75 any IDE drive nu\n+000055d0: 6d62 6572 2069 7320 6c65 7373 2074 6861 mber is less tha\n+000055e0: 6e20 616e 7920 5343 5349 2064 7269 7665 n any SCSI drive\n+000055f0: 206e 756d 6265 722c 2061 6c74 686f 7567 number, althoug\n+00005600: 6820 7468 6174 0a69 7320 6e6f 7420 7472 h that.is not tr\n+00005610: 7565 2069 6620 796f 7520 6368 616e 6765 ue if you change\n+00005620: 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 7175 656e the boot sequen\n+00005630: 6365 2062 7920 7377 6170 7069 6e67 2049 ce by swapping I\n+00005640: 4445 2061 6e64 2053 4353 490a 6472 6976 DE and SCSI.driv\n+00005650: 6573 2069 6e20 796f 7572 2042 494f 532e es in your BIOS.\n+00005660: 0a0a 2020 204e 6f77 2074 6865 2071 7565 .. Now the que\n+00005670: 7374 696f 6e20 6973 2c20 686f 7720 746f stion is, how to\n+00005680: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 2066 696c 653f specify a file?\n+00005690: 2020 4167 6169 6e2c 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 Again, conside\n+000056a0: 7220 616e 0a65 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 r an.example:.. \n+000056b0: 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 3129 (hd0,msdos1)\n+000056c0: 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 /vmlinuz.. Thi\n+000056d0: 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 s specifies the \n+000056e0: 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6564 20e2 8098 766d file named ...vm\n+000056f0: 6c69 6e75 7ae2 8099 2c20 666f 756e 6420 linuz..., found \n+00005700: 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 on the first par\n+00005710: 7469 7469 6f6e 0a6f 6620 7468 6520 6669 tition.of the fi\n+00005720: 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b20 6472 rst hard disk dr\n+00005730: 6976 652e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 ive. Note that \n+00005740: 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2063 6f6d the argument com\n+00005750: 706c 6574 696f 6e20 776f 726b 730a 7769 pletion works.wi\n+00005760: 7468 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 732c 2074 th file names, t\n+00005770: 6f6f 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6174 2077 6173 oo... That was\n+00005780: 2065 6173 792c 2061 646d 6974 2069 742e easy, admit it.\n+00005790: 2020 4e6f 7720 7265 6164 2074 6865 206e Now read the n\n+000057a0: 6578 7420 6368 6170 7465 722c 2074 6f20 ext chapter, to \n+000057b0: 6669 6e64 206f 7574 2068 6f77 0a74 6f20 find out how.to \n+000057c0: 6163 7475 616c 6c79 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c actually install\n+000057d0: 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6472 GRUB on your dr\n+000057e0: 6976 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ive.....File: gr\n+000057f0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00005800: 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 OS-specific note\n+00005810: 7320 6162 6f75 7420 6772 7562 2074 6f6f s about grub too\n+00005820: 6c73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e73 7461 ls, Next: Insta\n+00005830: 6c6c 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 llation, Prev: \n+00005840: 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f Naming conventio\n+00005850: 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a33 204f n, Up: Top..3 O\n+00005860: 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 S-specific notes\n+00005870: 2061 626f 7574 2067 7275 6220 746f 6f6c about grub tool\n+00005880: 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a s.**************\n 00005890: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000058a0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4f6e 204f **********..On O\n-000058b0: 5320 7768 6963 6820 6861 7665 2064 6576 S which have dev\n-000058c0: 6963 6520 6e6f 6465 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 ice nodes simila\n-000058d0: 7220 746f 2055 6e69 782d 6c69 6b65 204f r to Unix-like O\n-000058e0: 5320 4752 5542 2074 6f6f 6c73 2075 7365 S GRUB tools use\n-000058f0: 2074 6865 0a4f 5320 6e61 6d65 2e20 2045 the.OS name. E\n-00005900: 2e67 2e20 2066 6f72 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e .g. for GNU/Lin\n-00005910: 7578 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 ux:.. # grub\n-00005920: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 762f 7364 -install /dev/sd\n-00005930: 610a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2041 524f 5320 7765 a.. On AROS we\n-00005940: 2075 7365 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2073 796e use another syn\n-00005950: 7461 782e 2020 466f 7220 766f 6c75 6d65 tax. For volume\n-00005960: 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 202f 2f3a 3c76 6f6c s:.. //:.. E.\n-00005980: 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 202f 2f3a 4448 300a g... //:DH0.\n-00005990: 0a20 2020 466f 7220 6469 736b 7320 7765 . For disks we\n-000059a0: 2075 7365 2073 796e 7461 783a 0a20 2020 use syntax:. \n-000059b0: 2020 2f2f 3a3c 6472 6976 6572 206e 616d //:/unit/flags.. \n-000059d0: 2020 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2067 E.g... # g\n-000059e0: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2f2f 3a61 rub-install //:a\n-000059f0: 7461 2e64 6576 6963 652f 302f 300a 0a20 ta.device/0/0.. \n-00005a00: 2020 4f6e 2057 696e 646f 7773 2077 6520 On Windows we \n-00005a10: 7573 6520 554e 4320 7061 7468 2e20 2046 use UNC path. F\n-00005a20: 6f72 2076 6f6c 756d 6573 2069 7427 7320 or volumes it's \n-00005a30: 7479 7069 6361 6c6c 790a 0a20 2020 2020 typically.. \n-00005a40: 5c5c 3f5c 566f 6c75 6d65 7b3c 4755 4944 \\\\?\\Volume{}. \\\\?\\:.. \n-00005a70: 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 205c 5c3f 5c56 E.g... \\\\?\\V\n-00005a80: 6f6c 756d 657b 3137 6633 3464 3530 2d63 olume{17f34d50-c\n-00005a90: 6636 342d 3462 3032 2d38 3030 652d 3531 f64-4b02-800e-51\n-00005aa0: 6437 3963 3361 6132 6666 7d0a 2020 2020 d79c3aa2ff}. \n-00005ab0: 205c 5c3f 5c43 3a0a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 \\\\?\\C:.. For \n-00005ac0: 6469 736b 7320 6974 2773 0a0a 2020 2020 disks it's.. \n-00005ad0: 205c 5c3f 5c50 6879 7369 6361 6c44 7269 \\\\?\\PhysicalDri\n-00005ae0: 7665 3c6e 756d 6265 723e 0a0a 2020 2045 ve.. E\n-00005af0: 2e67 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 .g... # grub\n-00005b00: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 205c 5c3f 5c50 6879 -install \\\\?\\Phy\n-00005b10: 7369 6361 6c44 7269 7665 300a 0a20 2020 sicalDrive0.. \n-00005b20: 4265 7761 7265 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 Beware that you \n-00005b30: 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6675 7274 may need to furt\n-00005b40: 6865 7220 6573 6361 7065 2074 6865 2062 her escape the b\n-00005b50: 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 6573 2064 6570 656e ackslashes depen\n-00005b60: 6469 6e67 0a6f 6e20 796f 7572 2073 6865 ding.on your she\n-00005b70: 6c6c 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 656e 2063 6f6d ll... When com\n-00005b80: 7069 6c65 6420 7769 7468 2063 7967 7769 piled with cygwi\n-00005b90: 6e20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7468 656e 2063 n support then c\n-00005ba0: 7967 7769 6e20 6472 6976 6520 6e61 6d65 ygwin drive name\n-00005bb0: 7320 6172 650a 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 s are.automatica\n-00005bc0: 6c6c 7920 7768 656e 206e 6565 6465 642e lly when needed.\n-00005bd0: 2020 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2067 E.g... # g\n-00005be0: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2f64 6576 rub-install /dev\n-00005bf0: 2f73 6461 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 /sda....File: gr\n-00005c00: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00005c10: 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e Installation, N\n-00005c20: 6578 743a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 2050 ext: Booting, P\n-00005c30: 7265 763a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 rev: OS-specific\n-00005c40: 206e 6f74 6573 2061 626f 7574 2067 7275 notes about gru\n-00005c50: 6220 746f 6f6c 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f b tools, Up: To\n-00005c60: 700a 0a34 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f p..4 Installatio\n-00005c70: 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a n.**************\n-00005c80: 0a0a 496e 206f 7264 6572 2074 6f20 696e ..In order to in\n-00005c90: 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2061 7320 796f stall GRUB as yo\n-00005ca0: 7572 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 ur boot loader, \n-00005cb0: 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6669 7273 you need to firs\n-00005cc0: 7420 696e 7374 616c 6c0a 7468 6520 4752 t install.the GR\n-00005cd0: 5542 2073 7973 7465 6d20 616e 6420 7574 UB system and ut\n-00005ce0: 696c 6974 6965 7320 756e 6465 7220 796f ilities under yo\n-00005cf0: 7572 2055 4e49 582d 6c69 6b65 206f 7065 ur UNIX-like ope\n-00005d00: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 282a rating system.(*\n-00005d10: 6e6f 7465 204f 6274 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 note Obtaining a\n-00005d20: 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 696e 6720 4752 5542 nd Building GRUB\n-00005d30: 3a3a 292e 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 646f ::). You can do\n-00005d40: 2074 6869 7320 6569 7468 6572 2066 726f this either fro\n-00005d50: 6d20 7468 650a 736f 7572 6365 2074 6172 m the.source tar\n-00005d60: 6261 6c6c 2c20 6f72 2061 7320 6120 7061 ball, or as a pa\n-00005d70: 636b 6167 6520 666f 7220 796f 7572 204f ckage for your O\n-00005d80: 532e 0a0a 2020 2041 6674 6572 2079 6f75 S... After you\n-00005d90: 2068 6176 6520 646f 6e65 2074 6861 742c have done that,\n-00005da0: 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2069 6e73 you need to ins\n-00005db0: 7461 6c6c 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f tall the boot lo\n-00005dc0: 6164 6572 206f 6e20 610a 6472 6976 6520 ader on a.drive \n-00005dd0: 2866 6c6f 7070 7920 6f72 2068 6172 6420 (floppy or hard \n-00005de0: 6469 736b 2920 6279 2075 7369 6e67 2074 disk) by using t\n-00005df0: 6865 2075 7469 6c69 7479 20e2 8098 6772 he utility ...gr\n-00005e00: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 282a ub-install... (*\n-00005e10: 6e6f 7465 0a49 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 note.Invoking gr\n-00005e20: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a 2920 6f6e ub-install::) on\n-00005e30: 2061 2055 4e49 582d 6c69 6b65 204f 532e a UNIX-like OS.\n-00005e40: 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d65 7320 .. GRUB comes \n-00005e50: 7769 7468 2062 6f6f 7420 696d 6167 6573 with boot images\n-00005e60: 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6172 6520 6e6f 726d , which are norm\n-00005e70: 616c 6c79 2070 7574 2069 6e20 7468 6520 ally put in the \n-00005e80: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a e280 982f 7573 directory..../us\n-00005e90: 722f 6c69 622f 6772 7562 2f3c 6370 753e r/lib/grub/\n-00005ea0: 2d3c 706c 6174 666f 726d 3ee2 8099 2028 -... (\n-00005eb0: 666f 7220 4249 4f53 2d62 6173 6564 206d for BIOS-based m\n-00005ec0: 6163 6869 6e65 730a e280 982f 7573 722f achines..../usr/\n-00005ed0: 6c69 622f 6772 7562 2f69 3338 362d 7063 lib/grub/i386-pc\n-00005ee0: e280 9929 2e20 2048 6572 6561 6674 6572 ...). Hereafter\n-00005ef0: 2c20 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 , the directory \n-00005f00: 7768 6572 6520 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 where GRUB image\n-00005f10: 730a 6172 6520 696e 6974 6961 6c6c 7920 s.are initially \n-00005f20: 706c 6163 6564 2028 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 placed (normally\n-00005f30: 20e2 8098 2f75 7372 2f6c 6962 2f67 7275 .../usr/lib/gru\n-00005f40: 622f 3c63 7075 3e2d 3c70 6c61 7466 6f72 b/-...) will be.c\n-00005f60: 616c 6c65 6420 7468 6520 e280 9c69 6d61 alled the ...ima\n-00005f70: 6765 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 e280 9d2c ge directory...,\n-00005f80: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2064 6972 6563 746f and the directo\n-00005f90: 7279 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 2062 6f6f ry where the boo\n-00005fa0: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a6e 6565 6473 2074 t loader.needs t\n-00005fb0: 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 6865 6d20 2875 7375 o find them (usu\n-00005fc0: 616c 6c79 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 ally .../boot...\n-00005fd0: 2920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6361 6c6c 6564 ) will be called\n-00005fe0: 2074 6865 20e2 809c 626f 6f74 0a64 6972 the ...boot.dir\n-00005ff0: 6563 746f 7279 e280 9d2e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 ectory......* Me\n-00006000: 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e nu:..* Installin\n-00006010: 6720 4752 5542 2075 7369 6e67 2067 7275 g GRUB using gru\n-00006020: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c3a 3a0a 2a20 4d61 b-install::.* Ma\n-00006030: 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 king a GRUB boot\n-00006040: 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d3a 3a0a 2a20 able CD-ROM::.* \n-00006050: 4465 7669 6365 206d 6170 3a3a 0a2a 2042 Device map::.* B\n-00006060: 494f 5320 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e IOS installation\n-00006070: 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ::....File: grub\n-00006080: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e .info, Node: In\n-00006090: 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 7573 stalling GRUB us\n-000060a0: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ing grub-install\n-000060b0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204d 616b 696e 6720 , Next: Making \n-000060c0: 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 a GRUB bootable \n-000060d0: 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e73 CD-ROM, Up: Ins\n-000060e0: 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e31 2049 tallation..4.1 I\n-000060f0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 2075 nstalling GRUB u\n-00006100: 7369 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c sing grub-instal\n-00006110: 6c0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d l.==============\n+000058a0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4f6e 204f 5320 7768 ******..On OS wh\n+000058b0: 6963 6820 6861 7665 2064 6576 6963 6520 ich have device \n+000058c0: 6e6f 6465 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f nodes similar to\n+000058d0: 2055 6e69 782d 6c69 6b65 204f 5320 4752 Unix-like OS GR\n+000058e0: 5542 2074 6f6f 6c73 2075 7365 2074 6865 UB tools use the\n+000058f0: 0a4f 5320 6e61 6d65 2e20 2045 2e67 2e20 .OS name. E.g. \n+00005900: 2066 6f72 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 3a0a for GNU/Linux:.\n+00005910: 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 . # grub-ins\n+00005920: 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 762f 7364 610a 0a20 tall /dev/sda.. \n+00005930: 2020 4f6e 2041 524f 5320 7765 2075 7365 On AROS we use\n+00005940: 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2073 796e 7461 782e another syntax.\n+00005950: 2020 466f 7220 766f 6c75 6d65 733a 0a0a For volumes:..\n+00005960: 2020 2020 202f 2f3a 3c76 6f6c 756d 6520 //:.. E.g...\n+00005980: 2020 2020 202f 2f3a 4448 300a 0a20 2020 //:DH0.. \n+00005990: 466f 7220 6469 736b 7320 7765 2075 7365 For disks we use\n+000059a0: 2073 796e 7461 783a 0a20 2020 2020 2f2f syntax:. //\n+000059b0: 3a3c 6472 6976 6572 206e 616d 653e 2f75 :/u\n+000059c0: 6e69 742f 666c 6167 730a 0a20 2020 452e nit/flags.. E.\n+000059d0: 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d g... # grub-\n+000059e0: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2f2f 3a61 7461 2e64 install //:ata.d\n+000059f0: 6576 6963 652f 302f 300a 0a20 2020 4f6e evice/0/0.. On\n+00005a00: 2057 696e 646f 7773 2077 6520 7573 6520 Windows we use \n+00005a10: 554e 4320 7061 7468 2e20 2046 6f72 2076 UNC path. For v\n+00005a20: 6f6c 756d 6573 2069 7427 7320 7479 7069 olumes it's typi\n+00005a30: 6361 6c6c 790a 0a20 2020 2020 5c5c 3f5c cally.. \\\\?\\\n+00005a40: 566f 6c75 6d65 7b3c 4755 4944 3e7d 0a20 Volume{}. \n+00005a50: 2020 2020 5c5c 3f5c 3c64 7269 7665 206c \\\\?\\:.. E.g.\n+00005a70: 0a0a 2020 2020 205c 5c3f 5c56 6f6c 756d .. \\\\?\\Volum\n+00005a80: 657b 3137 6633 3464 3530 2d63 6636 342d e{17f34d50-cf64-\n+00005a90: 3462 3032 2d38 3030 652d 3531 6437 3963 4b02-800e-51d79c\n+00005aa0: 3361 6132 6666 7d0a 2020 2020 205c 5c3f 3aa2ff}. \\\\?\n+00005ab0: 5c43 3a0a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 6469 736b \\C:.. For disk\n+00005ac0: 7320 6974 2773 0a0a 2020 2020 205c 5c3f s it's.. \\\\?\n+00005ad0: 5c50 6879 7369 6361 6c44 7269 7665 3c6e \\PhysicalDrive.. E.g..\n+00005af0: 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 . # grub-ins\n+00005b00: 7461 6c6c 205c 5c3f 5c50 6879 7369 6361 tall \\\\?\\Physica\n+00005b10: 6c44 7269 7665 300a 0a20 2020 4265 7761 lDrive0.. Bewa\n+00005b20: 7265 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 6d61 7920 re that you may \n+00005b30: 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6675 7274 6865 7220 need to further \n+00005b40: 6573 6361 7065 2074 6865 2062 6163 6b73 escape the backs\n+00005b50: 6c61 7368 6573 2064 6570 656e 6469 6e67 lashes depending\n+00005b60: 0a6f 6e20 796f 7572 2073 6865 6c6c 2e0a .on your shell..\n+00005b70: 0a20 2020 5768 656e 2063 6f6d 7069 6c65 . When compile\n+00005b80: 6420 7769 7468 2063 7967 7769 6e20 7375 d with cygwin su\n+00005b90: 7070 6f72 7420 7468 656e 2063 7967 7769 pport then cygwi\n+00005ba0: 6e20 6472 6976 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 n drive names ar\n+00005bb0: 650a 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 e.automatically \n+00005bc0: 7768 656e 206e 6565 6465 642e 2020 452e when needed. E.\n+00005bd0: 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d g... # grub-\n+00005be0: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 install /dev/sda\n+00005bf0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00005c00: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 7374 nfo, Node: Inst\n+00005c10: 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a allation, Next:\n+00005c20: 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a Booting, Prev:\n+00005c30: 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 OS-specific not\n+00005c40: 6573 2061 626f 7574 2067 7275 6220 746f es about grub to\n+00005c50: 6f6c 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a34 ols, Up: Top..4\n+00005c60: 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 2a2a Installation.**\n+00005c70: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 496e ************..In\n+00005c80: 206f 7264 6572 2074 6f20 696e 7374 616c order to instal\n+00005c90: 6c20 4752 5542 2061 7320 796f 7572 2062 l GRUB as your b\n+00005ca0: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 796f 7520 oot loader, you \n+00005cb0: 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6669 7273 7420 696e need to first in\n+00005cc0: 7374 616c 6c0a 7468 6520 4752 5542 2073 stall.the GRUB s\n+00005cd0: 7973 7465 6d20 616e 6420 7574 696c 6974 ystem and utilit\n+00005ce0: 6965 7320 756e 6465 7220 796f 7572 2055 ies under your U\n+00005cf0: 4e49 582d 6c69 6b65 206f 7065 7261 7469 NIX-like operati\n+00005d00: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 282a 6e6f 7465 ng system.(*note\n+00005d10: 204f 6274 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 Obtaining and B\n+00005d20: 7569 6c64 696e 6720 4752 5542 3a3a 292e uilding GRUB::).\n+00005d30: 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 646f 2074 6869 You can do thi\n+00005d40: 7320 6569 7468 6572 2066 726f 6d20 7468 s either from th\n+00005d50: 650a 736f 7572 6365 2074 6172 6261 6c6c e.source tarball\n+00005d60: 2c20 6f72 2061 7320 6120 7061 636b 6167 , or as a packag\n+00005d70: 6520 666f 7220 796f 7572 204f 532e 0a0a e for your OS...\n+00005d80: 2020 2041 6674 6572 2079 6f75 2068 6176 After you hav\n+00005d90: 6520 646f 6e65 2074 6861 742c 2079 6f75 e done that, you\n+00005da0: 206e 6565 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c need to install\n+00005db0: 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 the boot loader\n+00005dc0: 206f 6e20 610a 6472 6976 6520 2866 6c6f on a.drive (flo\n+00005dd0: 7070 7920 6f72 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b ppy or hard disk\n+00005de0: 2920 6279 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2075 ) by using the u\n+00005df0: 7469 6c69 7479 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 tility ...grub-i\n+00005e00: 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 nstall... (*note\n+00005e10: 0a49 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 .Invoking grub-i\n+00005e20: 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a 2920 6f6e 2061 2055 nstall::) on a U\n+00005e30: 4e49 582d 6c69 6b65 204f 532e 0a0a 2020 NIX-like OS... \n+00005e40: 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d65 7320 7769 7468 GRUB comes with\n+00005e50: 2062 6f6f 7420 696d 6167 6573 2c20 7768 boot images, wh\n+00005e60: 6963 6820 6172 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 ich are normally\n+00005e70: 2070 7574 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6469 7265 put in the dire\n+00005e80: 6374 6f72 790a e280 982f 7573 722f 6c69 ctory..../usr/li\n+00005e90: 622f 6772 7562 2f3c 6370 753e 2d3c 706c b/grub/-... (for \n+00005eb0: 4249 4f53 2d62 6173 6564 206d 6163 6869 BIOS-based machi\n+00005ec0: 6e65 730a e280 982f 7573 722f 6c69 622f nes..../usr/lib/\n+00005ed0: 6772 7562 2f69 3338 362d 7063 e280 9929 grub/i386-pc...)\n+00005ee0: 2e20 2048 6572 6561 6674 6572 2c20 7468 . Hereafter, th\n+00005ef0: 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 7768 6572 e directory wher\n+00005f00: 6520 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 730a 6172 e GRUB images.ar\n+00005f10: 6520 696e 6974 6961 6c6c 7920 706c 6163 e initially plac\n+00005f20: 6564 2028 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 20e2 8098 ed (normally ...\n+00005f30: 2f75 7372 2f6c 6962 2f67 7275 622f 3c63 /usr/lib/grub/-..\n+00005f50: 9929 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a63 616c 6c65 .) will be.calle\n+00005f60: 6420 7468 6520 e280 9c69 6d61 6765 2064 d the ...image d\n+00005f70: 6972 6563 746f 7279 e280 9d2c 2061 6e64 irectory..., and\n+00005f80: 2074 6865 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2077 the directory w\n+00005f90: 6865 7265 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f here the boot lo\n+00005fa0: 6164 6572 0a6e 6565 6473 2074 6f20 6669 ader.needs to fi\n+00005fb0: 6e64 2074 6865 6d20 2875 7375 616c 6c79 nd them (usually\n+00005fc0: 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 2920 7769 .../boot...) wi\n+00005fd0: 6c6c 2062 6520 6361 6c6c 6564 2074 6865 ll be called the\n+00005fe0: 20e2 809c 626f 6f74 0a64 6972 6563 746f ...boot.directo\n+00005ff0: 7279 e280 9d2e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a ry......* Menu:.\n+00006000: 0a2a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 .* Installing GR\n+00006010: 5542 2075 7369 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e UB using grub-in\n+00006020: 7374 616c 6c3a 3a0a 2a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 stall::.* Making\n+00006030: 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 a GRUB bootable\n+00006040: 2043 442d 524f 4d3a 3a0a 2a20 4465 7669 CD-ROM::.* Devi\n+00006050: 6365 206d 6170 3a3a 0a2a 2042 494f 5320 ce map::.* BIOS \n+00006060: 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a 0a0a installation::..\n+00006070: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00006080: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 7374 616c o, Node: Instal\n+00006090: 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 7573 696e 6720 ling GRUB using \n+000060a0: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2c20 204e grub-install, N\n+000060b0: 6578 743a 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 ext: Making a GR\n+000060c0: 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 UB bootable CD-R\n+000060d0: 4f4d 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c OM, Up: Install\n+000060e0: 6174 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e31 2049 6e73 7461 ation..4.1 Insta\n+000060f0: 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 2075 7369 6e67 lling GRUB using\n+00006100: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c0a 3d3d grub-install.==\n+00006110: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00006120: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00006130: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 466f 7220 696e ========..For in\n-00006140: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2077 6865 formation on whe\n-00006150: 7265 2047 5255 4220 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 re GRUB should b\n-00006160: 6520 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 6f6e 2050 e installed on P\n-00006170: 4320 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 C BIOS platforms\n-00006180: 2c0a 2a6e 6f74 6520 4249 4f53 2069 6e73 ,.*note BIOS ins\n-00006190: 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 tallation::... \n-000061a0: 2049 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f 2069 6e73 In order to ins\n-000061b0: 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 756e 6465 7220 tall GRUB under \n-000061c0: 6120 554e 4958 2d6c 696b 6520 4f53 2028 a UNIX-like OS (\n-000061d0: 7375 6368 2061 7320 474e 5529 2c20 696e such as GNU), in\n-000061e0: 766f 6b65 0a74 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d voke.the program\n-000061f0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ...grub-install\n-00006200: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b ... (*note Invok\n-00006210: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ing grub-install\n-00006220: 3a3a 2920 6173 2074 6865 0a73 7570 6572 ::) as the.super\n-00006230: 7573 6572 2028 e280 9c72 6f6f 74e2 809d user (...root...\n-00006240: 292e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2075 7361 6765 )... The usage\n-00006250: 2069 7320 6261 7369 6361 6c6c 7920 7665 is basically ve\n-00006260: 7279 2073 696d 706c 652e 2020 596f 7520 ry simple. You \n-00006270: 6f6e 6c79 206e 6565 6420 746f 2073 7065 only need to spe\n-00006280: 6369 6679 206f 6e65 0a61 7267 756d 656e cify one.argumen\n-00006290: 7420 746f 2074 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d t to the program\n-000062a0: 2c20 6e61 6d65 6c79 2c20 7768 6572 6520 , namely, where \n-000062b0: 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 6865 2062 to install the b\n-000062c0: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 2054 6865 oot loader. The\n-000062d0: 0a61 7267 756d 656e 7420 6861 7320 746f .argument has to\n-000062e0: 2062 6520 6569 7468 6572 2061 2064 6576 be either a dev\n-000062f0: 6963 6520 6669 6c65 2028 6c69 6b65 20e2 ice file (like .\n-00006300: 8098 2f64 6576 2f68 6461 e280 9929 2e20 ../dev/hda...). \n-00006310: 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a 756e For example,.un\n-00006320: 6465 7220 4c69 6e75 7820 7468 6520 666f der Linux the fo\n-00006330: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7769 6c6c 2069 6e73 llowing will ins\n-00006340: 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 696e 746f 2074 tall GRUB into t\n-00006350: 6865 204d 4252 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 he MBR of the fi\n-00006360: 7273 740a 4944 4520 6469 736b 3a0a 0a20 rst.IDE disk:.. \n-00006370: 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 # grub-insta\n-00006380: 6c6c 202f 6465 762f 7364 610a 0a20 2020 ll /dev/sda.. \n-00006390: 4c69 6b65 7769 7365 2c20 756e 6465 7220 Likewise, under \n-000063a0: 474e 552f 4875 7264 2c20 7468 6973 2068 GNU/Hurd, this h\n-000063b0: 6173 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6566 6665 as the same effe\n-000063c0: 6374 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 ct:.. # grub\n-000063d0: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 762f 6864 -install /dev/hd\n-000063e0: 300a 0a20 2020 4275 7420 616c 6c20 7468 0.. But all th\n-000063f0: 6520 6162 6f76 6520 6578 616d 706c 6573 e above examples\n-00006400: 2061 7373 756d 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 assume that GRU\n-00006410: 4220 7368 6f75 6c64 2070 7574 2069 6d61 B should put ima\n-00006420: 6765 7320 756e 6465 720a 7468 6520 e280 ges under.the ..\n-00006430: 982f 626f 6f74 e280 9920 6469 7265 6374 ./boot... direct\n-00006440: 6f72 792e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2077 616e ory. If you wan\n-00006450: 7420 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7075 7420 696d t GRUB to put im\n-00006460: 6167 6573 2075 6e64 6572 2061 2064 6972 ages under a dir\n-00006470: 6563 746f 7279 0a6f 7468 6572 2074 6861 ectory.other tha\n-00006480: 6e20 e280 982f 626f 6f74 e280 992c 2079 n .../boot..., y\n-00006490: 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2073 7065 6369 ou need to speci\n-000064a0: 6679 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 fy the option ..\n-000064b0: 982d 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 .--boot-director\n-000064c0: 79e2 8099 2e0a 5468 6520 7479 7069 6361 y.....The typica\n-000064d0: 6c20 7573 6167 6520 6973 2074 6861 7420 l usage is that \n-000064e0: 796f 7520 6372 6561 7465 2061 2047 5255 you create a GRU\n-000064f0: 4220 626f 6f74 2066 6c6f 7070 7920 7769 B boot floppy wi\n-00006500: 7468 2061 0a66 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2e th a.filesystem.\n-00006510: 2020 4865 7265 2069 7320 616e 2065 7861 Here is an exa\n-00006520: 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6d6b mple:.. # mk\n-00006530: 6532 6673 202f 6465 762f 6664 300a 2020 e2fs /dev/fd0. \n-00006540: 2020 2023 206d 6f75 6e74 202d 7420 6578 # mount -t ex\n-00006550: 7432 202f 6465 762f 6664 3020 2f6d 6e74 t2 /dev/fd0 /mnt\n-00006560: 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6d6b 6469 7220 2f6d . # mkdir /m\n-00006570: 6e74 2f62 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2023 2067 nt/boot. # g\n-00006580: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f rub-install --bo\n-00006590: 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 6d6e ot-directory=/mn\n-000065a0: 742f 626f 6f74 202f 6465 762f 6664 300a t/boot /dev/fd0.\n-000065b0: 2020 2020 2023 2075 6d6f 756e 7420 2f6d # umount /m\n-000065c0: 6e74 0a0a 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 4249 4f53 nt.. Some BIOS\n-000065d0: 6573 2068 6176 6520 6120 6275 6720 6f66 es have a bug of\n-000065e0: 2065 7870 6f73 696e 6720 7468 6520 6669 exposing the fi\n-000065f0: 7273 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 rst partition of\n-00006600: 2061 2055 5342 2064 7269 7665 0a61 7320 a USB drive.as \n-00006610: 6120 666c 6f70 7079 2069 6e73 7465 6164 a floppy instead\n-00006620: 206f 6620 6578 706f 7369 6e67 2074 6865 of exposing the\n-00006630: 2055 5342 2064 7269 7665 2061 7320 6120 USB drive as a \n-00006640: 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b20 2874 6865 7920 hard disk (they \n-00006650: 6361 6c6c 0a69 7420 2255 5342 2d46 4444 call.it \"USB-FDD\n-00006660: 2220 626f 6f74 292e 2020 496e 2073 7563 \" boot). In suc\n-00006670: 6820 6361 7365 732c 2079 6f75 206e 6565 h cases, you nee\n-00006680: 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 206c 696b d to install lik\n-00006690: 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 e this:.. # \n-000066a0: 6c6f 7365 7475 7020 2f64 6576 2f6c 6f6f losetup /dev/loo\n-000066b0: 7030 202f 6465 762f 7364 6231 0a20 2020 p0 /dev/sdb1. \n-000066c0: 2020 2320 6d6f 756e 7420 2f64 6576 2f6c # mount /dev/l\n-000066d0: 6f6f 7030 202f 6d6e 742f 7573 620a 2020 oop0 /mnt/usb. \n-000066e0: 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c # grub-instal\n-000066f0: 6c20 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f l --boot-directo\n-00006700: 7279 3d2f 6d6e 742f 7573 622f 6275 6762 ry=/mnt/usb/bugb\n-00006710: 696f 7320 2d2d 666f 7263 6520 2d2d 616c ios --force --al\n-00006720: 6c6f 772d 666c 6f70 7079 202f 6465 762f low-floppy /dev/\n-00006730: 6c6f 6f70 300a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2069 loop0.. This i\n-00006740: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2064 6f65 736e 2774 2063 nstall doesn't c\n-00006750: 6f6e 666c 6963 7420 7769 7468 2073 7461 onflict with sta\n-00006760: 6e64 6172 6420 696e 7374 616c 6c20 6173 ndard install as\n-00006770: 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 2074 6865 790a 6172 long as they.ar\n-00006780: 6520 696e 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 6469 e in separate di\n-00006790: 7265 6374 6f72 6965 732e 0a0a 2020 204f rectories... O\n-000067a0: 6e20 4546 4920 7379 7374 656d 7320 666f n EFI systems fo\n-000067b0: 7220 6669 7865 6420 6469 736b 2069 6e73 r fixed disk ins\n-000067c0: 7461 6c6c 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 746f tall you have to\n-000067d0: 206d 6f75 6e74 2045 4649 2053 7973 7465 mount EFI Syste\n-000067e0: 6d0a 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 m.Partition. If\n-000067f0: 2079 6f75 206d 6f75 6e74 2069 7420 6174 you mount it at\n-00006800: 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6566 69e2 8099 .../boot/efi...\n-00006810: 2074 6865 6e20 796f 7520 646f 6e27 7420 then you don't \n-00006820: 6e65 6564 2061 6e79 0a73 7065 6369 616c need any.special\n-00006830: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 3a0a 0a20 2020 arguments:.. \n-00006840: 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c # grub-install\n-00006850: 0a0a 2020 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2079 .. Otherwise y\n-00006860: 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2073 7065 6369 ou need to speci\n-00006870: 6679 2077 6865 7265 2079 6f75 7220 4546 fy where your EF\n-00006880: 4920 5379 7374 656d 2070 6172 7469 7469 I System partiti\n-00006890: 6f6e 2069 730a 6d6f 756e 7465 643a 0a0a on is.mounted:..\n-000068a0: 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 # grub-inst\n-000068b0: 616c 6c20 2d2d 6566 692d 6469 7265 6374 all --efi-direct\n-000068c0: 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f65 6669 0a0a 2020 ory=/mnt/efi.. \n-000068d0: 2046 6f72 2072 656d 6f76 6162 6c65 2069 For removable i\n-000068e0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 7320 796f 7520 6861 7665 nstalls you have\n-000068f0: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 e280 982d 2d72 656d to use ...--rem\n-00006900: 6f76 6162 6c65 e280 9920 616e 6420 7370 ovable... and sp\n-00006910: 6563 6966 7920 626f 7468 0ae2 8098 2d2d ecify both....--\n-00006920: 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 e280 boot-directory..\n-00006930: 9920 616e 6420 e280 982d 2d65 6669 2d64 . and ...--efi-d\n-00006940: 6972 6563 746f 7279 e280 993a 0a0a 2020 irectory...:.. \n-00006950: 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c # grub-instal\n-00006960: 6c20 2d2d 6566 692d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 l --efi-director\n-00006970: 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f75 7362 202d 2d62 6f6f y=/mnt/usb --boo\n-00006980: 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 t-directory=/mnt\n-00006990: 2f75 7362 2f62 6f6f 7420 2d2d 7265 6d6f /usb/boot --remo\n-000069a0: 7661 626c 650a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 vable....File: g\n-000069b0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-000069c0: 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 Making a GRUB b\n-000069d0: 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 ootable CD-ROM, \n-000069e0: 204e 6578 743a 2044 6576 6963 6520 6d61 Next: Device ma\n-000069f0: 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 7374 616c p, Prev: Instal\n-00006a00: 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 7573 696e 6720 ling GRUB using \n-00006a10: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2c20 2055 grub-install, U\n-00006a20: 703a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a p: Installation.\n-00006a30: 0a34 2e32 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 .4.2 Making a GR\n-00006a40: 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 UB bootable CD-R\n-00006a50: 4f4d 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d OM.=============\n+00006130: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 466f 7220 696e 666f 726d ====..For inform\n+00006140: 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2077 6865 7265 2047 ation on where G\n+00006150: 5255 4220 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 696e RUB should be in\n+00006160: 7374 616c 6c65 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 stalled on PC BI\n+00006170: 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2c0a 2a6e OS platforms,.*n\n+00006180: 6f74 6520 4249 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c ote BIOS install\n+00006190: 6174 696f 6e3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 ation::... In \n+000061a0: 6f72 6465 7220 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c order to install\n+000061b0: 2047 5255 4220 756e 6465 7220 6120 554e GRUB under a UN\n+000061c0: 4958 2d6c 696b 6520 4f53 2028 7375 6368 IX-like OS (such\n+000061d0: 2061 7320 474e 5529 2c20 696e 766f 6b65 as GNU), invoke\n+000061e0: 0a74 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 .the program ...\n+000061f0: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 grub-install... \n+00006200: 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 (*note Invoking \n+00006210: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a 2920 grub-install::) \n+00006220: 6173 2074 6865 0a73 7570 6572 7573 6572 as the.superuser\n+00006230: 2028 e280 9c72 6f6f 74e2 809d 292e 0a0a (...root...)...\n+00006240: 2020 2054 6865 2075 7361 6765 2069 7320 The usage is \n+00006250: 6261 7369 6361 6c6c 7920 7665 7279 2073 basically very s\n+00006260: 696d 706c 652e 2020 596f 7520 6f6e 6c79 imple. You only\n+00006270: 206e 6565 6420 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 need to specify\n+00006280: 206f 6e65 0a61 7267 756d 656e 7420 746f one.argument to\n+00006290: 2074 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 2c20 6e61 the program, na\n+000062a0: 6d65 6c79 2c20 7768 6572 6520 746f 2069 mely, where to i\n+000062b0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 nstall the boot \n+000062c0: 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 2054 6865 0a61 7267 loader. The.arg\n+000062d0: 756d 656e 7420 6861 7320 746f 2062 6520 ument has to be \n+000062e0: 6569 7468 6572 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 either a device \n+000062f0: 6669 6c65 2028 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 2f64 file (like .../d\n+00006300: 6576 2f68 6461 e280 9929 2e20 2046 6f72 ev/hda...). For\n+00006310: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a 756e 6465 7220 example,.under \n+00006320: 4c69 6e75 7820 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 Linux the follow\n+00006330: 696e 6720 7769 6c6c 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c ing will install\n+00006340: 2047 5255 4220 696e 746f 2074 6865 204d GRUB into the M\n+00006350: 4252 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 740a BR of the first.\n+00006360: 4944 4520 6469 736b 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 IDE disk:.. \n+00006370: 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f # grub-install /\n+00006380: 6465 762f 7364 610a 0a20 2020 4c69 6b65 dev/sda.. Like\n+00006390: 7769 7365 2c20 756e 6465 7220 474e 552f wise, under GNU/\n+000063a0: 4875 7264 2c20 7468 6973 2068 6173 2074 Hurd, this has t\n+000063b0: 6865 2073 616d 6520 6566 6665 6374 3a0a he same effect:.\n+000063c0: 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 . # grub-ins\n+000063d0: 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 762f 6864 300a 0a20 tall /dev/hd0.. \n+000063e0: 2020 4275 7420 616c 6c20 7468 6520 6162 But all the ab\n+000063f0: 6f76 6520 6578 616d 706c 6573 2061 7373 ove examples ass\n+00006400: 756d 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 7368 ume that GRUB sh\n+00006410: 6f75 6c64 2070 7574 2069 6d61 6765 7320 ould put images \n+00006420: 756e 6465 720a 7468 6520 e280 982f 626f under.the .../bo\n+00006430: 6f74 e280 9920 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792e ot... directory.\n+00006440: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 4752 If you want GR\n+00006450: 5542 2074 6f20 7075 7420 696d 6167 6573 UB to put images\n+00006460: 2075 6e64 6572 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f under a directo\n+00006470: 7279 0a6f 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 e280 ry.other than ..\n+00006480: 982f 626f 6f74 e280 992c 2079 6f75 206e ./boot..., you n\n+00006490: 6565 6420 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2074 eed to specify t\n+000064a0: 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d62 he option ...--b\n+000064b0: 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 79e2 8099 oot-directory...\n+000064c0: 2e0a 5468 6520 7479 7069 6361 6c20 7573 ..The typical us\n+000064d0: 6167 6520 6973 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 age is that you \n+000064e0: 6372 6561 7465 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f create a GRUB bo\n+000064f0: 6f74 2066 6c6f 7070 7920 7769 7468 2061 ot floppy with a\n+00006500: 0a66 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 4865 .filesystem. He\n+00006510: 7265 2069 7320 616e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 re is an example\n+00006520: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6d6b 6532 6673 :.. # mke2fs\n+00006530: 202f 6465 762f 6664 300a 2020 2020 2023 /dev/fd0. #\n+00006540: 206d 6f75 6e74 202d 7420 6578 7432 202f mount -t ext2 /\n+00006550: 6465 762f 6664 3020 2f6d 6e74 0a20 2020 dev/fd0 /mnt. \n+00006560: 2020 2320 6d6b 6469 7220 2f6d 6e74 2f62 # mkdir /mnt/b\n+00006570: 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d oot. # grub-\n+00006580: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 install --boot-d\n+00006590: 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 6d6e 742f 626f irectory=/mnt/bo\n+000065a0: 6f74 202f 6465 762f 6664 300a 2020 2020 ot /dev/fd0. \n+000065b0: 2023 2075 6d6f 756e 7420 2f6d 6e74 0a0a # umount /mnt..\n+000065c0: 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 4249 4f53 6573 2068 Some BIOSes h\n+000065d0: 6176 6520 6120 6275 6720 6f66 2065 7870 ave a bug of exp\n+000065e0: 6f73 696e 6720 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 osing the first \n+000065f0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2061 2055 partition of a U\n+00006600: 5342 2064 7269 7665 0a61 7320 6120 666c SB drive.as a fl\n+00006610: 6f70 7079 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 oppy instead of \n+00006620: 6578 706f 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2055 5342 exposing the USB\n+00006630: 2064 7269 7665 2061 7320 6120 6861 7264 drive as a hard\n+00006640: 2064 6973 6b20 2874 6865 7920 6361 6c6c disk (they call\n+00006650: 0a69 7420 2255 5342 2d46 4444 2220 626f .it \"USB-FDD\" bo\n+00006660: 6f74 292e 2020 496e 2073 7563 6820 6361 ot). In such ca\n+00006670: 7365 732c 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f ses, you need to\n+00006680: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 206c 696b 6520 7468 install like th\n+00006690: 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6c6f 7365 is:.. # lose\n+000066a0: 7475 7020 2f64 6576 2f6c 6f6f 7030 202f tup /dev/loop0 /\n+000066b0: 6465 762f 7364 6231 0a20 2020 2020 2320 dev/sdb1. # \n+000066c0: 6d6f 756e 7420 2f64 6576 2f6c 6f6f 7030 mount /dev/loop0\n+000066d0: 202f 6d6e 742f 7573 620a 2020 2020 2023 /mnt/usb. #\n+000066e0: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d grub-install --\n+000066f0: 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f boot-directory=/\n+00006700: 6d6e 742f 7573 622f 6275 6762 696f 7320 mnt/usb/bugbios \n+00006710: 2d2d 666f 7263 6520 2d2d 616c 6c6f 772d --force --allow-\n+00006720: 666c 6f70 7079 202f 6465 762f 6c6f 6f70 floppy /dev/loop\n+00006730: 300a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2069 6e73 7461 0.. This insta\n+00006740: 6c6c 2064 6f65 736e 2774 2063 6f6e 666c ll doesn't confl\n+00006750: 6963 7420 7769 7468 2073 7461 6e64 6172 ict with standar\n+00006760: 6420 696e 7374 616c 6c20 6173 206c 6f6e d install as lon\n+00006770: 6720 6173 2074 6865 790a 6172 6520 696e g as they.are in\n+00006780: 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 6469 7265 6374 separate direct\n+00006790: 6f72 6965 732e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 4546 ories... On EF\n+000067a0: 4920 7379 7374 656d 7320 666f 7220 6669 I systems for fi\n+000067b0: 7865 6420 6469 736b 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c xed disk install\n+000067c0: 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 746f 206d 6f75 you have to mou\n+000067d0: 6e74 2045 4649 2053 7973 7465 6d0a 5061 nt EFI System.Pa\n+000067e0: 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 rtition. If you\n+000067f0: 206d 6f75 6e74 2069 7420 6174 20e2 8098 mount it at ...\n+00006800: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6566 69e2 8099 2074 6865 /boot/efi... the\n+00006810: 6e20 796f 7520 646f 6e27 7420 6e65 6564 n you don't need\n+00006820: 2061 6e79 0a73 7065 6369 616c 2061 7267 any.special arg\n+00006830: 756d 656e 7473 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 uments:.. # \n+00006840: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 0a0a 2020 grub-install.. \n+00006850: 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2079 6f75 206e Otherwise you n\n+00006860: 6565 6420 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2077 eed to specify w\n+00006870: 6865 7265 2079 6f75 7220 4546 4920 5379 here your EFI Sy\n+00006880: 7374 656d 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2069 stem partition i\n+00006890: 730a 6d6f 756e 7465 643a 0a0a 2020 2020 s.mounted:.. \n+000068a0: 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 # grub-install \n+000068b0: 2d2d 6566 692d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d --efi-directory=\n+000068c0: 2f6d 6e74 2f65 6669 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 /mnt/efi.. For\n+000068d0: 2072 656d 6f76 6162 6c65 2069 6e73 7461 removable insta\n+000068e0: 6c6c 7320 796f 7520 6861 7665 2074 6f20 lls you have to \n+000068f0: 7573 6520 e280 982d 2d72 656d 6f76 6162 use ...--removab\n+00006900: 6c65 e280 9920 616e 6420 7370 6563 6966 le... and specif\n+00006910: 7920 626f 7468 0ae2 8098 2d2d 626f 6f74 y both....--boot\n+00006920: 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 e280 9920 616e -directory... an\n+00006930: 6420 e280 982d 2d65 6669 2d64 6972 6563 d ...--efi-direc\n+00006940: 746f 7279 e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 tory...:.. #\n+00006950: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d grub-install --\n+00006960: 6566 692d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d efi-directory=/m\n+00006970: 6e74 2f75 7362 202d 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 nt/usb --boot-di\n+00006980: 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f75 7362 rectory=/mnt/usb\n+00006990: 2f62 6f6f 7420 2d2d 7265 6d6f 7661 626c /boot --removabl\n+000069a0: 650a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e e....File: grub.\n+000069b0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204d 616b info, Node: Mak\n+000069c0: 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 ing a GRUB boota\n+000069d0: 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 204e 6578 ble CD-ROM, Nex\n+000069e0: 743a 2044 6576 6963 6520 6d61 702c 2020 t: Device map, \n+000069f0: 5072 6576 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 Prev: Installing\n+00006a00: 2047 5255 4220 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 GRUB using grub\n+00006a10: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2c20 2055 703a 2049 -install, Up: I\n+00006a20: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e32 nstallation..4.2\n+00006a30: 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 Making a GRUB b\n+00006a40: 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 0a3d ootable CD-ROM.=\n+00006a50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00006a60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00006a70: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2073 7570 706f ====..GRUB suppo\n-00006a80: 7274 7320 7468 6520 e280 9c6e 6f20 656d rts the ...no em\n-00006a90: 756c 6174 696f 6e20 6d6f 6465 e280 9d20 ulation mode... \n-00006aa0: 696e 2074 6865 2045 6c20 546f 7269 746f in the El Torito\n-00006ab0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2831 specification(1\n-00006ac0: 290a 282a 6e6f 7465 204d 616b 696e 6720 ).(*note Making \n-00006ad0: 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 a GRUB bootable \n-00006ae0: 4344 2d52 4f4d 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 652d CD-ROM-Footnote-\n-00006af0: 313a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 1::). This mean\n-00006b00: 7320 7468 6174 2079 6f75 0a63 616e 2075 s that you.can u\n-00006b10: 7365 2074 6865 2077 686f 6c65 2043 442d se the whole CD-\n-00006b20: 524f 4d20 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 616e ROM from GRUB an\n-00006b30: 6420 796f 7520 646f 6e27 7420 6861 7665 d you don't have\n-00006b40: 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2061 2066 6c6f 7070 to make a flopp\n-00006b50: 790a 6f72 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2069 y.or hard disk i\n-00006b60: 6d61 6765 2066 696c 652c 2077 6869 6368 mage file, which\n-00006b70: 2063 616e 2063 6175 7365 2063 6f6d 7061 can cause compa\n-00006b80: 7469 6269 6c69 7479 2070 726f 626c 656d tibility problem\n-00006b90: 732e 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2062 6f6f 7469 s... For booti\n-00006ba0: 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 6120 4344 2d52 4f4d ng from a CD-ROM\n-00006bb0: 2c20 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 6120 7370 , GRUB uses a sp\n-00006bc0: 6563 6961 6c20 696d 6167 6520 6361 6c6c ecial image call\n-00006bd0: 6564 0ae2 8098 6364 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 ed....cdboot.img\n-00006be0: e280 992c 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 636f ..., which is co\n-00006bf0: 6e63 6174 656e 6174 6564 2077 6974 6820 ncatenated with \n-00006c00: e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2e20 ...core.img.... \n-00006c10: 2054 6865 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 The ...core.img\n-00006c20: e280 990a 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2074 6869 ....used for thi\n-00006c30: 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6275 696c s should be buil\n-00006c40: 7420 7769 7468 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 t with at least \n-00006c50: 7468 6520 e280 9869 736f 3936 3630 e280 the ...iso9660..\n-00006c60: 9920 616e 6420 e280 9862 696f 7364 6973 . and ...biosdis\n-00006c70: 6be2 8099 0a6d 6f64 756c 6573 2e20 2059 k....modules. Y\n-00006c80: 6f75 7220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d our bootable CD-\n-00006c90: 524f 4d20 7769 6c6c 2075 7375 616c 6c79 ROM will usually\n-00006ca0: 2061 6c73 6f20 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 696e also need to in\n-00006cb0: 636c 7564 6520 610a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 clude a.configur\n-00006cc0: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 6772 ation file ...gr\n-00006cd0: 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 616e 6420 736f ub.cfg... and so\n-00006ce0: 6d65 206f 7468 6572 2047 5255 4220 6d6f me other GRUB mo\n-00006cf0: 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 6d61 dules... To ma\n-00006d00: 6b65 2061 2073 696d 706c 6520 6765 6e65 ke a simple gene\n-00006d10: 7269 6320 4752 5542 2072 6573 6375 6520 ric GRUB rescue \n-00006d20: 4344 2c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 6520 CD, you can use \n-00006d30: 7468 650a e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 the....grub-mkre\n-00006d40: 7363 7565 e280 9920 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 scue... program \n-00006d50: 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 (*note Invoking \n-00006d60: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 653a 3a29 grub-mkrescue::)\n-00006d70: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2420 6772 7562 2d6d :.. $ grub-m\n-00006d80: 6b72 6573 6375 6520 2d6f 2067 7275 622e krescue -o grub.\n-00006d90: 6973 6f0a 0a20 2020 596f 7520 7769 6c6c iso.. You will\n-00006da0: 206f 6674 656e 206e 6565 6420 746f 2069 often need to i\n-00006db0: 6e63 6c75 6465 206f 7468 6572 2066 696c nclude other fil\n-00006dc0: 6573 2069 6e20 796f 7572 2069 6d61 6765 es in your image\n-00006dd0: 2e20 2054 6f20 646f 0a74 6869 732c 2066 . To do.this, f\n-00006de0: 6972 7374 206d 616b 6520 6120 746f 7020 irst make a top \n-00006df0: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 666f 7220 7468 directory for th\n-00006e00: 6520 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2069 6d61 6765 e bootable image\n-00006e10: 2c20 7361 792c 20e2 8098 6973 6fe2 8099 , say, ...iso...\n-00006e20: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2420 6d6b 6469 7220 :.. $ mkdir \n-00006e30: 6973 6f0a 0a20 2020 4d61 6b65 2061 2064 iso.. Make a d\n-00006e40: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2066 6f72 2047 5255 irectory for GRU\n-00006e50: 423a 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 206d 6b64 6972 B:.. $ mkdir\n-00006e60: 202d 7020 6973 6f2f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 -p iso/boot/gru\n-00006e70: 620a 0a20 2020 4966 2064 6573 6972 6564 b.. If desired\n-00006e80: 2c20 6d61 6b65 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 , make the confi\n-00006e90: 6720 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 g file ...grub.c\n-00006ea0: 6667 e280 9920 756e 6465 7220 e280 9869 fg... under ...i\n-00006eb0: 736f 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 990a so/boot/grub....\n-00006ec0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 (*note Configura\n-00006ed0: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2063 6f70 tion::), and cop\n-00006ee0: 7920 616e 7920 6669 6c65 7320 616e 6420 y any files and \n-00006ef0: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 6965 7320 666f 7220 directories for \n-00006f00: 7468 6520 6469 7363 0a74 6f20 7468 6520 the disc.to the \n-00006f10: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 e280 9869 736f directory ...iso\n-00006f20: 2fe2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 4669 6e61 6c6c /...... Finall\n-00006f30: 792c 206d 616b 6520 7468 6520 696d 6167 y, make the imag\n-00006f40: 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 2067 7275 622d e:.. $ grub-\n-00006f50: 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 202d 6f20 6772 7562 mkrescue -o grub\n-00006f60: 2e69 736f 2069 736f 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 .iso iso.. Thi\n-00006f70: 7320 7072 6f64 7563 6573 2061 2066 696c s produces a fil\n-00006f80: 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 e280 9867 7275 622e e named ...grub.\n-00006f90: 6973 6fe2 8099 2c20 7768 6963 6820 7468 iso..., which th\n-00006fa0: 656e 2063 616e 2062 6520 6275 726e 6564 en can be burned\n-00006fb0: 2069 6e74 6f0a 6120 4344 2028 6f72 2061 into.a CD (or a\n-00006fc0: 2044 5644 292c 206f 7220 7772 6974 7465 DVD), or writte\n-00006fd0: 6e20 746f 2061 2055 5342 206d 6173 7320 n to a USB mass \n-00006fe0: 7374 6f72 6167 6520 6465 7669 6365 2e0a storage device..\n-00006ff0: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 . The root dev\n-00007000: 6963 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 7420 ice will be set \n-00007010: 7570 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 6c79 up appropriately\n-00007020: 206f 6e20 656e 7465 7269 6e67 2079 6f75 on entering you\n-00007030: 720a e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 r....grub.cfg...\n-00007040: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 configuration f\n-00007050: 696c 652c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 ile, so you can \n-00007060: 7265 6665 7220 746f 2066 696c 6520 6e61 refer to file na\n-00007070: 6d65 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2043 440a 7769 mes on the CD.wi\n-00007080: 7468 6f75 7420 6e65 6564 696e 6720 746f thout needing to\n-00007090: 2075 7365 2061 6e20 6578 706c 6963 6974 use an explicit\n-000070a0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2e20 2054 device name. T\n-000070b0: 6869 7320 6d61 6b65 7320 6974 2065 6173 his makes it eas\n-000070c0: 6965 7220 746f 0a70 726f 6475 6365 2072 ier to.produce r\n-000070d0: 6573 6375 6520 696d 6167 6573 2074 6861 escue images tha\n-000070e0: 7420 7769 6c6c 2077 6f72 6b20 6f6e 2062 t will work on b\n-000070f0: 6f74 6820 6f70 7469 6361 6c20 6472 6976 oth optical driv\n-00007100: 6573 2061 6e64 2055 5342 206d 6173 730a es and USB mass.\n-00007110: 7374 6f72 6167 6520 6465 7669 6365 732e storage devices.\n-00007120: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00007130: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d61 6b69 nfo, Node: Maki\n-00007140: 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 ng a GRUB bootab\n-00007150: 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d2d 466f 6f74 6e6f le CD-ROM-Footno\n-00007160: 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 tes, Up: Making\n-00007170: 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 a GRUB bootable\n-00007180: 2043 442d 524f 4d0a 0a20 2020 2831 2920 CD-ROM.. (1) \n-00007190: 456c 2054 6f72 6974 6f20 6973 2061 2073 El Torito is a s\n-000071a0: 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 pecification for\n-000071b0: 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2075 7369 bootable CD usi\n-000071c0: 6e67 2042 494f 530a 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e ng BIOS.function\n-000071d0: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n-000071e0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4465 .info, Node: De\n-000071f0: 7669 6365 206d 6170 2c20 204e 6578 743a vice map, Next:\n-00007200: 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 BIOS installati\n-00007210: 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204d 616b 696e on, Prev: Makin\n-00007220: 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c g a GRUB bootabl\n-00007230: 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 2055 703a 2049 e CD-ROM, Up: I\n-00007240: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e33 nstallation..4.3\n-00007250: 2054 6865 206d 6170 2062 6574 7765 656e The map between\n-00007260: 2042 494f 5320 6472 6976 6573 2061 6e64 BIOS drives and\n-00007270: 204f 5320 6465 7669 6365 730a 3d3d 3d3d OS devices.====\n+00006a70: 0a0a 4752 5542 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 ..GRUB supports \n+00006a80: 7468 6520 e280 9c6e 6f20 656d 756c 6174 the ...no emulat\n+00006a90: 696f 6e20 6d6f 6465 e280 9d20 696e 2074 ion mode... in t\n+00006aa0: 6865 2045 6c20 546f 7269 746f 2073 7065 he El Torito spe\n+00006ab0: 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2831 290a 282a cification(1).(*\n+00006ac0: 6e6f 7465 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 note Making a GR\n+00006ad0: 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 UB bootable CD-R\n+00006ae0: 4f4d 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 652d 313a 3a29 OM-Footnote-1::)\n+00006af0: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 . This means th\n+00006b00: 6174 2079 6f75 0a63 616e 2075 7365 2074 at you.can use t\n+00006b10: 6865 2077 686f 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d20 he whole CD-ROM \n+00006b20: 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 796f from GRUB and yo\n+00006b30: 7520 646f 6e27 7420 6861 7665 2074 6f20 u don't have to \n+00006b40: 6d61 6b65 2061 2066 6c6f 7070 790a 6f72 make a floppy.or\n+00006b50: 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2069 6d61 6765 hard disk image\n+00006b60: 2066 696c 652c 2077 6869 6368 2063 616e file, which can\n+00006b70: 2063 6175 7365 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 cause compatibi\n+00006b80: 6c69 7479 2070 726f 626c 656d 732e 0a0a lity problems...\n+00006b90: 2020 2046 6f72 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 For booting f\n+00006ba0: 726f 6d20 6120 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 4752 rom a CD-ROM, GR\n+00006bb0: 5542 2075 7365 7320 6120 7370 6563 6961 UB uses a specia\n+00006bc0: 6c20 696d 6167 6520 6361 6c6c 6564 0ae2 l image called..\n+00006bd0: 8098 6364 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 992c ..cdboot.img...,\n+00006be0: 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 636f 6e63 6174 which is concat\n+00006bf0: 656e 6174 6564 2077 6974 6820 e280 9863 enated with ...c\n+00006c00: 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 ore.img.... The\n+00006c10: 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 990a ...core.img....\n+00006c20: 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2074 6869 7320 7368 used for this sh\n+00006c30: 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6275 696c 7420 7769 ould be built wi\n+00006c40: 7468 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 7468 6520 th at least the \n+00006c50: e280 9869 736f 3936 3630 e280 9920 616e ...iso9660... an\n+00006c60: 6420 e280 9862 696f 7364 6973 6be2 8099 d ...biosdisk...\n+00006c70: 0a6d 6f64 756c 6573 2e20 2059 6f75 7220 .modules. Your \n+00006c80: 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d20 bootable CD-ROM \n+00006c90: 7769 6c6c 2075 7375 616c 6c79 2061 6c73 will usually als\n+00006ca0: 6f20 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 696e 636c 7564 o need to includ\n+00006cb0: 6520 610a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f e a.configuratio\n+00006cc0: 6e20 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 n file ...grub.c\n+00006cd0: 6667 e280 9920 616e 6420 736f 6d65 206f fg... and some o\n+00006ce0: 7468 6572 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 ther GRUB module\n+00006cf0: 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 6d61 6b65 2061 s... To make a\n+00006d00: 2073 696d 706c 6520 6765 6e65 7269 6320 simple generic \n+00006d10: 4752 5542 2072 6573 6375 6520 4344 2c20 GRUB rescue CD, \n+00006d20: 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 6520 7468 650a you can use the.\n+00006d30: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 ...grub-mkrescue\n+00006d40: e280 9920 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 282a 6e6f ... program (*no\n+00006d50: 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 te Invoking grub\n+00006d60: 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 653a 3a29 3a0a 0a20 -mkrescue::):.. \n+00006d70: 2020 2020 2420 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 $ grub-mkres\n+00006d80: 6375 6520 2d6f 2067 7275 622e 6973 6f0a cue -o grub.iso.\n+00006d90: 0a20 2020 596f 7520 7769 6c6c 206f 6674 . You will oft\n+00006da0: 656e 206e 6565 6420 746f 2069 6e63 6c75 en need to inclu\n+00006db0: 6465 206f 7468 6572 2066 696c 6573 2069 de other files i\n+00006dc0: 6e20 796f 7572 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2054 n your image. T\n+00006dd0: 6f20 646f 0a74 6869 732c 2066 6972 7374 o do.this, first\n+00006de0: 206d 616b 6520 6120 746f 7020 6469 7265 make a top dire\n+00006df0: 6374 6f72 7920 666f 7220 7468 6520 626f ctory for the bo\n+00006e00: 6f74 6162 6c65 2069 6d61 6765 2c20 7361 otable image, sa\n+00006e10: 792c 20e2 8098 6973 6fe2 8099 3a0a 0a20 y, ...iso...:.. \n+00006e20: 2020 2020 2420 6d6b 6469 7220 6973 6f0a $ mkdir iso.\n+00006e30: 0a20 2020 4d61 6b65 2061 2064 6972 6563 . Make a direc\n+00006e40: 746f 7279 2066 6f72 2047 5255 423a 0a0a tory for GRUB:..\n+00006e50: 2020 2020 2024 206d 6b64 6972 202d 7020 $ mkdir -p \n+00006e60: 6973 6f2f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 0a20 iso/boot/grub.. \n+00006e70: 2020 4966 2064 6573 6972 6564 2c20 6d61 If desired, ma\n+00006e80: 6b65 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 6669 ke the config fi\n+00006e90: 6c65 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 le ...grub.cfg..\n+00006ea0: 9920 756e 6465 7220 e280 9869 736f 2f62 . under ...iso/b\n+00006eb0: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 990a 282a 6e6f oot/grub....(*no\n+00006ec0: 7465 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e te Configuration\n+00006ed0: 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2063 6f70 7920 616e ::), and copy an\n+00006ee0: 7920 6669 6c65 7320 616e 6420 6469 7265 y files and dire\n+00006ef0: 6374 6f72 6965 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 ctories for the \n+00006f00: 6469 7363 0a74 6f20 7468 6520 6469 7265 disc.to the dire\n+00006f10: 6374 6f72 7920 e280 9869 736f 2fe2 8099 ctory ...iso/...\n+00006f20: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4669 6e61 6c6c 792c 206d ... Finally, m\n+00006f30: 616b 6520 7468 6520 696d 6167 653a 0a0a ake the image:..\n+00006f40: 2020 2020 2024 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 $ grub-mkre\n+00006f50: 7363 7565 202d 6f20 6772 7562 2e69 736f scue -o grub.iso\n+00006f60: 2069 736f 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7072 iso.. This pr\n+00006f70: 6f64 7563 6573 2061 2066 696c 6520 6e61 oduces a file na\n+00006f80: 6d65 6420 e280 9867 7275 622e 6973 6fe2 med ...grub.iso.\n+00006f90: 8099 2c20 7768 6963 6820 7468 656e 2063 .., which then c\n+00006fa0: 616e 2062 6520 6275 726e 6564 2069 6e74 an be burned int\n+00006fb0: 6f0a 6120 4344 2028 6f72 2061 2044 5644 o.a CD (or a DVD\n+00006fc0: 292c 206f 7220 7772 6974 7465 6e20 746f ), or written to\n+00006fd0: 2061 2055 5342 206d 6173 7320 7374 6f72 a USB mass stor\n+00006fe0: 6167 6520 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 age device... \n+00006ff0: 5468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 The root device \n+00007000: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 7420 7570 2061 will be set up a\n+00007010: 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 6c79 206f 6e20 ppropriately on \n+00007020: 656e 7465 7269 6e67 2079 6f75 720a e280 entering your...\n+00007030: 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2063 6f6e .grub.cfg... con\n+00007040: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652c figuration file,\n+00007050: 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7265 6665 so you can refe\n+00007060: 7220 746f 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 r to file names \n+00007070: 6f6e 2074 6865 2043 440a 7769 7468 6f75 on the CD.withou\n+00007080: 7420 6e65 6564 696e 6720 746f 2075 7365 t needing to use\n+00007090: 2061 6e20 6578 706c 6963 6974 2064 6576 an explicit dev\n+000070a0: 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2e20 2054 6869 7320 ice name. This \n+000070b0: 6d61 6b65 7320 6974 2065 6173 6965 7220 makes it easier \n+000070c0: 746f 0a70 726f 6475 6365 2072 6573 6375 to.produce rescu\n+000070d0: 6520 696d 6167 6573 2074 6861 7420 7769 e images that wi\n+000070e0: 6c6c 2077 6f72 6b20 6f6e 2062 6f74 6820 ll work on both \n+000070f0: 6f70 7469 6361 6c20 6472 6976 6573 2061 optical drives a\n+00007100: 6e64 2055 5342 206d 6173 730a 7374 6f72 nd USB mass.stor\n+00007110: 6167 6520 6465 7669 6365 732e 0a0a 1f0a age devices.....\n+00007120: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00007130: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 Node: Making a\n+00007140: 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 GRUB bootable C\n+00007150: 442d 524f 4d2d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c D-ROM-Footnotes,\n+00007160: 2020 5570 3a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 Up: Making a G\n+00007170: 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d RUB bootable CD-\n+00007180: 524f 4d0a 0a20 2020 2831 2920 456c 2054 ROM.. (1) El T\n+00007190: 6f72 6974 6f20 6973 2061 2073 7065 6369 orito is a speci\n+000071a0: 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2062 6f6f fication for boo\n+000071b0: 7461 626c 6520 4344 2075 7369 6e67 2042 table CD using B\n+000071c0: 494f 530a 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a IOS.functions...\n+000071d0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+000071e0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4465 7669 6365 o, Node: Device\n+000071f0: 206d 6170 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2042 494f map, Next: BIO\n+00007200: 5320 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 S installation, \n+00007210: 2050 7265 763a 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 Prev: Making a \n+00007220: 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 GRUB bootable CD\n+00007230: 2d52 4f4d 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e73 7461 -ROM, Up: Insta\n+00007240: 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e33 2054 6865 llation..4.3 The\n+00007250: 206d 6170 2062 6574 7765 656e 2042 494f map between BIO\n+00007260: 5320 6472 6976 6573 2061 6e64 204f 5320 S drives and OS \n+00007270: 6465 7669 6365 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d devices.========\n 00007280: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00007290: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000072a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4966 2074 ==========..If t\n-000072b0: 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 6d61 7020 6669 he device map fi\n-000072c0: 6c65 2065 7869 7374 732c 2074 6865 2047 le exists, the G\n-000072d0: 5255 4220 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 28e2 RUB utilities (.\n-000072e0: 8098 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 e280 992c ..grub-probe...,\n-000072f0: 2065 7463 2e29 0a72 6561 6420 6974 2074 etc.).read it t\n-00007300: 6f20 6d61 7020 4249 4f53 2064 7269 7665 o map BIOS drive\n-00007310: 7320 746f 204f 5320 6465 7669 6365 732e s to OS devices.\n-00007320: 2020 5468 6973 2066 696c 6520 636f 6e73 This file cons\n-00007330: 6973 7473 206f 6620 6c69 6e65 730a 6c69 ists of lines.li\n-00007340: 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 ke this:.. (\n-00007350: 4445 5649 4345 2920 4649 4c45 0a0a 2020 DEVICE) FILE.. \n-00007360: 2044 4556 4943 4520 6973 2061 2064 7269 DEVICE is a dri\n-00007370: 7665 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 6e20 ve specified in \n-00007380: 7468 6520 4752 5542 2073 796e 7461 7820 the GRUB syntax \n-00007390: 282a 6e6f 7465 2044 6576 6963 650a 7379 (*note Device.sy\n-000073a0: 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2046 494c ntax::), and FIL\n-000073b0: 4520 6973 2061 6e20 4f53 2066 696c 652c E is an OS file,\n-000073c0: 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 6e6f 726d 616c which is normal\n-000073d0: 6c79 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 6669 6c65 ly a device file\n-000073e0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4869 7374 6f72 6963 616c ... Historical\n-000073f0: 6c79 2c20 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d ly, the device m\n-00007400: 6170 2066 696c 6520 7761 7320 7573 6564 ap file was used\n-00007410: 2062 6563 6175 7365 2047 5255 4220 6465 because GRUB de\n-00007420: 7669 6365 206e 616d 6573 0a68 6164 2074 vice names.had t\n-00007430: 6f20 6265 2075 7365 6420 696e 2074 6865 o be used in the\n-00007440: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 configuration f\n-00007450: 696c 652c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 7920 7765 ile, and they we\n-00007460: 7265 2064 6572 6976 6564 2066 726f 6d0a re derived from.\n-00007470: 4249 4f53 2064 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 BIOS drive numbe\n-00007480: 7273 2e20 2054 6865 206d 6170 2062 6574 rs. 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As \n-00007650: 6120 7265 7375 6c74 2c20 7468 6520 6465 a result, the de\n-00007660: 7669 6365 206d 6170 0a66 696c 6520 7265 vice map.file re\n-00007670: 7175 6972 6564 2066 7265 7175 656e 7420 quired frequent \n-00007680: 6564 6974 696e 6720 6f6e 2073 6f6d 6520 editing on some \n-00007690: 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 systems... GRU\n-000076a0: 4220 6176 6f69 6473 2074 6869 7320 7072 B avoids this pr\n-000076b0: 6f62 6c65 6d20 6e6f 7761 6461 7973 2062 oblem nowadays b\n-000076c0: 7920 7573 696e 6720 5555 4944 7320 6f72 y using UUIDs or\n-000076d0: 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 0a6c 6162 file system.lab\n-000076e0: 656c 7320 7768 656e 2067 656e 6572 6174 els when generat\n-000076f0: 696e 6720 e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 ing ...grub.cfg.\n-00007700: 8099 2c20 616e 6420 7765 2061 6476 6973 .., and we advis\n-00007710: 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2064 6f20 7468 e that you do th\n-00007720: 6520 7361 6d65 0a66 6f72 2061 6e79 2063 e same.for any c\n-00007730: 7573 746f 6d20 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 ustom menu entri\n-00007740: 6573 2079 6f75 2077 7269 7465 2e20 2049 es you write. I\n-00007750: 6620 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 f the device map\n-00007760: 2066 696c 6520 646f 6573 206e 6f74 0a65 file does not.e\n-00007770: 7869 7374 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 2047 xist, then the G\n-00007780: 5255 4220 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 7769 RUB utilities wi\n-00007790: 6c6c 2061 7373 756d 6520 6120 7465 6d70 ll assume a temp\n-000077a0: 6f72 6172 7920 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 orary device map\n-000077b0: 206f 6e20 7468 650a 666c 792e 2020 5468 on the.fly. Th\n-000077c0: 6973 2069 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 676f 6f64 is is often good\n-000077d0: 2065 6e6f 7567 682c 2070 6172 7469 6375 enough, particu\n-000077e0: 6c61 726c 7920 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d larly in the com\n-000077f0: 6d6f 6e20 6361 7365 206f 660a 7369 6e67 mon case of.sing\n-00007800: 6c65 2d64 6973 6b20 7379 7374 656d 732e le-disk systems.\n-00007810: 0a0a 2020 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 7468 .. 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Th\n+00007320: 6973 2066 696c 6520 636f 6e73 6973 7473 is file consists\n+00007330: 206f 6620 6c69 6e65 730a 6c69 6b65 2074 of lines.like t\n+00007340: 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 4445 5649 his:.. (DEVI\n+00007350: 4345 2920 4649 4c45 0a0a 2020 2044 4556 CE) FILE.. 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You can put \n+00007910: 616e 7920 636f 6d6d 656e 7473 2069 6e20 any comments in \n+00007920: 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2069 660a 6e65 6564 the file if.need\n+00007930: 6564 2c20 6173 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 ed, as the GRUB \n+00007940: 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 6173 7375 6d65 utilities assume\n+00007950: 2074 6861 7420 6120 6c69 6e65 2069 7320 that a line is \n+00007960: 6a75 7374 2061 2063 6f6d 6d65 6e74 2069 just a comment i\n+00007970: 660a 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6368 6172 f.the first char\n+00007980: 6163 7465 7220 6973 20e2 8098 23e2 8099 acter is ...#...\n+00007990: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+000079a0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2042 494f info, Node: BIO\n+000079b0: 5320 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 S installation, \n+000079c0: 2050 7265 763a 2044 6576 6963 6520 6d61 Prev: Device ma\n+000079d0: 702c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c61 p, Up: Installa\n+000079e0: 7469 6f6e 0a0a 342e 3420 4249 4f53 2069 tion..4.4 BIOS i\n+000079f0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 3d3d 3d3d nstallation.====\n 00007a00: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00007a10: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a4d 4252 0a3d 3d3d 0a0a =====..MBR.===..\n-00007a20: 5468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 The partition ta\n-00007a30: 626c 6520 666f 726d 6174 2074 7261 6469 ble format tradi\n-00007a40: 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2075 7365 6420 6f6e tionally used on\n-00007a50: 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 PC BIOS platfor\n-00007a60: 6d73 2069 730a 6361 6c6c 6564 2074 6865 ms is.called the\n-00007a70: 204d 6173 7465 7220 426f 6f74 2052 6563 Master Boot Rec\n-00007a80: 6f72 6420 284d 4252 2920 666f 726d 6174 ord (MBR) format\n-00007a90: 3b20 7468 6973 2069 7320 7468 6520 666f ; this is the fo\n-00007aa0: 726d 6174 2074 6861 740a 616c 6c6f 7773 rmat that.allows\n-00007ab0: 2075 7020 746f 2066 6f75 7220 7072 696d up to four prim\n-00007ac0: 6172 7920 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2061 ary partitions a\n-00007ad0: 6e64 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 6c6f nd additional lo\n-00007ae0: 6769 6361 6c20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 gical partitions\n-00007af0: 2e0a 5769 7468 2074 6869 7320 7061 7274 ..With this part\n-00007b00: 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 666f 726d ition table form\n-00007b10: 6174 2c20 7468 6572 6520 6172 6520 7477 at, there are tw\n-00007b20: 6f20 7761 7973 2074 6f20 696e 7374 616c o ways to instal\n-00007b30: 6c20 4752 5542 3a20 6974 0a63 616e 2062 l GRUB: it.can b\n-00007b40: 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 2069 6e20 7468 e embedded in th\n-00007b50: 6520 6172 6561 2062 6574 7765 656e 2074 e area between t\n-00007b60: 6865 204d 4252 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2066 he MBR and the f\n-00007b70: 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a28 irst partition.(\n-00007b80: 6361 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 7661 7269 6f75 called by variou\n-00007b90: 7320 6e61 6d65 732c 2073 7563 6820 6173 s names, such as\n-00007ba0: 2074 6865 2022 626f 6f74 2074 7261 636b the \"boot track\n-00007bb0: 222c 2022 4d42 5220 6761 7022 2c20 6f72 \", \"MBR gap\", or\n-00007bc0: 0a22 656d 6265 6464 696e 6720 6172 6561 .\"embedding area\n-00007bd0: 222c 2061 6e64 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 \", and which is \n-00007be0: 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6174 206c 6561 7374 usually at least\n-00007bf0: 2031 3030 3020 4b69 4229 2c20 6f72 2074 1000 KiB), or t\n-00007c00: 6865 2063 6f72 650a 696d 6167 6520 6361 he core.image ca\n-00007c10: 6e20 6265 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2069 n be installed i\n-00007c20: 6e20 6120 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 n a file system \n-00007c30: 616e 6420 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7468 and a list of th\n-00007c40: 6520 626c 6f63 6b73 2074 6861 740a 6d61 e blocks that.ma\n-00007c50: 6b65 2069 7420 7570 2063 616e 2062 6520 ke it up can be \n-00007c60: 7374 6f72 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6669 stored in the fi\n-00007c70: 7273 7420 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 rst sector of th\n-00007c80: 6174 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 at partition... \n-00007c90: 2020 4d6f 6465 726e 2074 6f6f 6c73 2075 Modern tools u\n-00007ca0: 7375 616c 6c79 206c 6561 7665 204d 4252 sually leave MBR\n-00007cb0: 2067 6170 206f 6620 6174 206c 6561 7374 gap of at least\n-00007cc0: 2031 3032 3320 4b69 422e 2054 6869 7320 1023 KiB. This \n-00007cd0: 616d 6f75 6e74 0a69 7320 7375 6666 6963 amount.is suffic\n-00007ce0: 6965 6e74 2074 6f20 636f 7665 7220 6d6f ient to cover mo\n-00007cf0: 7374 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e st configuration\n-00007d00: 732e 2020 4865 6e63 6520 7468 6973 2076 s. Hence this v\n-00007d10: 616c 7565 2069 730a 7265 636f 6d6d 656e alue is.recommen\n-00007d20: 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 ded by the GRUB \n-00007d30: 7465 616d 2e0a 0a20 2020 4869 7374 6f72 team... Histor\n-00007d40: 6963 616c 6c79 206d 616e 7920 746f 6f6c ically many tool\n-00007d50: 7320 6c65 6674 206f 6e6c 7920 3331 204b s left only 31 K\n-00007d60: 6942 206f 6620 7370 6163 652e 2020 5468 iB of space. Th\n-00007d70: 6973 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 656e 6f75 6768 is is not.enough\n-00007d80: 2074 6f20 7061 7273 6520 7265 6c69 6162 to parse reliab\n-00007d90: 6c79 2064 6966 6669 6375 6c74 2073 7472 ly difficult str\n-00007da0: 7563 7475 7265 7320 6c69 6b65 2042 7472 uctures like Btr\n-00007db0: 6673 2c20 5a46 532c 2052 4149 4420 6f72 fs, ZFS, RAID or\n-00007dc0: 0a4c 564d 2c20 6f72 2074 6f20 7573 6520 .LVM, or to use \n-00007dd0: 6469 6666 6963 756c 7420 6469 736b 2061 difficult disk a\n-00007de0: 6363 6573 7320 6d65 7468 6f64 7320 6c69 ccess methods li\n-00007df0: 6b65 2061 6863 692e 2020 4865 6e63 6520 ke ahci. 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T\n-00007e80: 6865 2067 7261 6e64 6661 7468 6572 6564 he grandfathered\n-00007e90: 2063 6f6e 6669 670a 6d75 7374 3a0a 0a20 config.must:.. \n-00007ea0: 2020 e280 a220 7573 6520 6269 6f73 6469 ... use biosdi\n-00007eb0: 736b 2061 7320 6469 736b 2061 6363 6573 sk as disk acces\n-00007ec0: 7320 6d6f 6475 6c65 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 s module for ...\n-00007ed0: 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 /boot..... ...\n-00007ee0: 206e 6f74 2075 7365 2061 6e79 2061 6464 not use any add\n-00007ef0: 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 7061 7274 6974 696f itional partitio\n-00007f00: 6e20 6d61 7073 2074 6f20 6163 6365 7373 n maps to access\n-00007f10: 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 0a0a 2020 .../boot..... \n-00007f20: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 ... .../boot...\n-00007f30: 206d 7573 7420 6265 206f 6e20 6f6e 6520 must be on one \n-00007f40: 6f66 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2066 696c of following fil\n-00007f50: 6573 7973 7465 6d73 3a20 4146 4653 2c20 esystems: AFFS, \n-00007f60: 4146 532c 2042 4653 2c0a 2020 2020 2063 AFS, BFS,. c\n-00007f70: 7069 6f2c 206e 6577 632c 206f 6463 2c20 pio, newc, odc, \n-00007f80: 6578 7432 2f33 2f34 2c20 4641 542c 2065 ext2/3/4, FAT, e\n-00007f90: 7846 4154 2c20 4632 4653 2c20 4846 532c xFAT, F2FS, HFS,\n-00007fa0: 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 640a 2020 uncompressed. \n-00007fb0: 2020 2048 4653 2b2c 2049 534f 3936 3630 HFS+, ISO9660\n-00007fc0: 2c20 4a46 532c 204d 696e 6978 2c20 4d69 , JFS, Minix, Mi\n-00007fd0: 6e69 7832 2c20 4d69 6e69 7833 2c20 4e49 nix2, Minix3, NI\n-00007fe0: 4c46 5332 2c20 4e54 4653 2c20 5265 6973 LFS2, NTFS, Reis\n-00007ff0: 6572 4653 2c0a 2020 2020 2052 4f4d 4653 erFS,. 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G\n-00008110: 5255 4220 776f 726b 7320 6172 6f75 6e64 RUB works around\n-00008120: 2069 7420 6279 2064 6574 6563 7469 6e67 it by detecting\n-00008130: 0a73 6563 746f 7273 2062 7920 6f74 6865 .sectors by othe\n-00008140: 7220 736f 6674 7761 7265 2061 6e64 2061 r software and a\n-00008150: 766f 6964 696e 6720 7468 656d 2061 6e64 voiding them and\n-00008160: 2070 726f 7465 6374 696e 6720 6974 7320 protecting its \n-00008170: 6f77 6e0a 7365 6374 6f72 7320 7573 696e own.sectors usin\n-00008180: 6720 5265 6564 2d53 6f6c 6f6d 6f6e 2065 g Reed-Solomon e\n-00008190: 6e63 6f64 696e 672e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 ncoding... GRU\n-000081a0: 4220 7465 616d 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 B team recommend\n-000081b0: 7320 6861 7669 6e67 204d 4252 2067 6170 s having MBR gap\n-000081c0: 206f 6620 6174 206c 6561 7374 2031 3030 of at least 100\n-000081d0: 3020 4b69 422e 0a0a 2020 2053 686f 756c 0 KiB... Shoul\n-000081e0: 6420 6974 206e 6f74 2062 6520 706f 7373 d it not be poss\n-000081f0: 6962 6c65 2c20 4752 5542 2068 6173 2073 ible, GRUB has s\n-00008200: 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 2061 2066 616c upport for a fal\n-00008210: 6c62 6163 6b20 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 0a77 lback solution.w\n-00008220: 6869 6368 2069 7320 6865 6176 696c 7920 hich is heavily \n-00008230: 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 6167 6169 recommended agai\n-00008240: 6e73 742e 2020 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 nst. 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This was.spe\n-000085c0: 6369 6669 6564 2061 7320 7061 7274 206f cified as part o\n-000085d0: 6620 7468 6520 4578 7465 6e73 6962 6c65 f the Extensible\n-000085e0: 2046 6972 6d77 6172 6520 496e 7465 7266 Firmware Interf\n-000085f0: 6163 6520 2845 4649 292c 2062 7574 2069 ace (EFI), but i\n-00008600: 7420 6361 6e0a 616c 736f 2062 6520 7573 t can.also be us\n-00008610: 6564 206f 6e20 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 ed on BIOS platf\n-00008620: 6f72 6d73 2069 6620 7379 7374 656d 2073 orms if system s\n-00008630: 6f66 7477 6172 6520 7375 7070 6f72 7473 oftware supports\n-00008640: 2069 743b 2066 6f72 0a65 7861 6d70 6c65 it; for.example\n-00008650: 2c20 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2047 4e55 2f4c , GRUB and GNU/L\n-00008660: 696e 7578 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 inux can be used\n-00008670: 2069 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 in this configu\n-00008680: 7261 7469 6f6e 2e20 2057 6974 680a 7468 ration. With.th\n-00008690: 6973 2066 6f72 6d61 742c 2069 7420 6973 is format, it is\n-000086a0: 2070 6f73 7369 626c 6520 746f 2072 6573 possible to res\n-000086b0: 6572 7665 2061 2077 686f 6c65 2070 6172 erve a whole par\n-000086c0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2047 5255 422c tition for GRUB,\n-000086d0: 0a63 616c 6c65 6420 7468 6520 4249 4f53 .called the BIOS\n-000086e0: 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e Boot Partition.\n-000086f0: 2020 4752 5542 2063 616e 2074 6865 6e20 GRUB can then \n-00008700: 6265 2065 6d62 6564 6465 6420 696e 746f be embedded into\n-00008710: 2074 6861 740a 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 that.partition \n-00008720: 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7468 6520 7269 736b without the risk\n-00008730: 206f 6620 6265 696e 6720 6f76 6572 7772 of being overwr\n-00008740: 6974 7465 6e20 6279 206f 7468 6572 2073 itten by other s\n-00008750: 6f66 7477 6172 6520 616e 640a 7769 7468 oftware and.with\n-00008760: 6f75 7420 6265 696e 6720 636f 6e74 6169 out being contai\n-00008770: 6e65 6420 696e 2061 2066 696c 6573 7973 ned in a filesys\n-00008780: 7465 6d20 7768 6963 6820 6d69 6768 7420 tem which might \n-00008790: 6d6f 7665 2069 7473 2062 6c6f 636b 730a move its blocks.\n-000087a0: 6172 6f75 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 656e around... When\n-000087b0: 2063 7265 6174 696e 6720 6120 4249 4f53 creating a BIOS\n-000087c0: 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 Boot Partition \n-000087d0: 6f6e 2061 2047 5054 2073 7973 7465 6d2c on a GPT system,\n-000087e0: 2079 6f75 2073 686f 756c 6420 6d61 6b65 you should make\n-000087f0: 0a73 7572 6520 7468 6174 2069 7420 6973 .sure that it is\n-00008800: 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 3331 204b 6942 at least 31 KiB\n-00008810: 2069 6e20 7369 7a65 2e20 2028 4750 542d in size. (GPT-\n-00008820: 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 6469 736b 7320 formatted disks \n-00008830: 6172 6520 6e6f 740a 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 are not.usually \n-00008840: 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 6c79 2073 6d61 particularly sma\n-00008850: 6c6c 2c20 736f 2077 6520 7265 636f 6d6d ll, so we recomm\n-00008860: 656e 6420 7468 6174 2079 6f75 206d 616b end that you mak\n-00008870: 6520 6974 206c 6172 6765 7220 7468 616e e it larger than\n-00008880: 0a74 6865 2062 6172 6520 6d69 6e69 6d75 .the bare minimu\n-00008890: 6d2c 2073 7563 6820 6173 2031 204d 6942 m, such as 1 MiB\n-000088a0: 2c20 746f 2061 6c6c 6f77 2070 6c65 6e74 , to allow plent\n-000088b0: 7920 6f66 2072 6f6f 6d20 666f 7220 6772 y of room for gr\n-000088c0: 6f77 7468 2e29 0a59 6f75 206d 7573 7420 owth.).You must \n-000088d0: 616c 736f 206d 616b 6520 7375 7265 2074 also make sure t\n-000088e0: 6861 7420 6974 2068 6173 2074 6865 2070 hat it has the p\n-000088f0: 726f 7065 7220 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 roper partition \n-00008900: 7479 7065 2e20 2055 7369 6e67 0a47 4e55 type. Using.GNU\n-00008910: 2050 6172 7465 642c 2079 6f75 2063 616e Parted, you can\n-00008920: 2073 6574 2074 6869 7320 7573 696e 6720 set this using \n-00008930: 6120 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7375 6368 2061 a command such a\n-00008940: 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 673a s the following:\n-00008950: 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2070 6172 7465 6420 .. # parted \n-00008960: 2f64 6576 2f44 4953 4b20 7365 7420 5041 /dev/DISK set PA\n-00008970: 5254 4954 494f 4e2d 4e55 4d42 4552 2062 RTITION-NUMBER b\n-00008980: 696f 735f 6772 7562 206f 6e0a 0a20 2020 ios_grub on.. \n-00008990: 4966 2079 6f75 2061 7265 2075 7369 6e67 If you are using\n-000089a0: 2067 6469 736b 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6520 gdisk, set the \n-000089b0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7479 7065 2074 partition type t\n-000089c0: 6f20 e280 9830 7845 4630 32e2 8099 2e20 o ...0xEF02.... \n-000089d0: 2057 6974 680a 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e69 With.partitioni\n-000089e0: 6e67 2070 726f 6772 616d 7320 7468 6174 ng programs that\n-000089f0: 2072 6571 7569 7265 2073 6574 7469 6e67 require setting\n-00008a00: 2074 6865 2047 5549 4420 6469 7265 6374 the GUID direct\n-00008a10: 6c79 2c20 6974 2073 686f 756c 640a 6265 ly, it should.be\n-00008a20: 20e2 8098 3231 3638 3631 3438 2d36 3434 ...21686148-644\n-00008a30: 392d 3665 3666 2d37 3434 6536 3536 3536 9-6e6f-744e65656\n-00008a40: 3434 3534 3634 39e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 4454649...... \n-00008a50: 2a43 6175 7469 6f6e 3a2a 2042 6520 7665 *Caution:* Be ve\n-00008a60: 7279 2063 6172 6566 756c 2077 6869 6368 ry careful which\n-00008a70: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2079 6f75 2073 partition you s\n-00008a80: 656c 6563 7421 2020 5768 656e 2047 5255 elect! When GRU\n-00008a90: 420a 6669 6e64 7320 6120 4249 4f53 2042 B.finds a BIOS B\n-00008aa0: 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6475 oot Partition du\n-00008ab0: 7269 6e67 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f ring installatio\n-00008ac0: 6e2c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2061 7574 6f6d n, it will autom\n-00008ad0: 6174 6963 616c 6c79 0a6f 7665 7277 7269 atically.overwri\n-00008ae0: 7465 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2069 742e 2020 te part of it. \n-00008af0: 4d61 6b65 2073 7572 6520 7468 6174 2074 Make sure that t\n-00008b00: 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2064 6f65 he partition doe\n-00008b10: 7320 6e6f 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 616e s not contain an\n-00008b20: 790a 6f74 6865 7220 6461 7461 2e0a 0a1f y.other data....\n-00008b30: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00008b40: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 , Node: Booting\n-00008b50: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 , Next: Configu\n-00008b60: 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 ration, Prev: I\n-00008b70: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 nstallation, Up\n-00008b80: 3a20 546f 700a 0a35 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 : Top..5 Booting\n-00008b90: 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 .*********..GRUB\n-00008ba0: 2063 616e 206c 6f61 6420 4d75 6c74 6962 can load Multib\n-00008bb0: 6f6f 742d 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 6b65 oot-compliant ke\n-00008bc0: 726e 656c 7320 696e 2061 2063 6f6e 7369 rnels in a consi\n-00008bd0: 7374 656e 7420 7761 792c 2062 7574 2066 stent way, but f\n-00008be0: 6f72 0a73 6f6d 6520 6672 6565 206f 7065 or.some free ope\n-00008bf0: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2079 rating systems y\n-00008c00: 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2075 7365 2073 ou need to use s\n-00008c10: 6f6d 6520 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 ome OS-specific \n-00008c20: 6d61 6769 632e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a magic...* Menu:.\n-00008c30: 0a2a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 .* General boot \n-00008c40: 6d65 7468 6f64 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 methods:: \n-00008c50: 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 204f 5365 How to boot OSe\n-00008c60: 7320 7769 7468 2047 5255 4220 6765 6e65 s with GRUB gene\n-00008c70: 7261 6c6c 790a 2a20 4c6f 6f70 6261 636b rally.* Loopback\n-00008c80: 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 booting:: \n-00008c90: 2020 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 7320 6f6e 2062 Notes on b\n-00008ca0: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 6c6f 6f70 ooting from loop\n-00008cb0: 6261 636b 730a 2a20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 backs.* LVM cach\n-00008cc0: 6520 626f 6f74 696e 673a 3a20 2020 2020 e booting:: \n-00008cd0: 2020 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 7320 6f6e 2062 Notes on b\n-00008ce0: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 ooting from LVM \n-00008cf0: 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f cache logical vo\n-00008d00: 6c75 6d65 0a2a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 lume.* OS-specif\n-00008d10: 6963 206e 6f74 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 ic notes:: \n-00008d20: 2020 2020 204e 6f74 6573 206f 6e20 736f Notes on so\n-00008d30: 6d65 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 me operating sys\n-00008d40: 7465 6d73 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 tems....File: gr\n-00008d50: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00008d60: 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 626f 6f74 206d 6574 General boot met\n-00008d70: 686f 6473 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204c 6f6f hods, Next: Loo\n-00008d80: 7062 6163 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 pback booting, \n-00008d90: 5570 3a20 426f 6f74 696e 670a 0a35 2e31 Up: Booting..5.1\n-00008da0: 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 206f 7065 How to boot ope\n-00008db0: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 0a3d rating systems.=\n+00007a10: 3d0a 0a4d 4252 0a3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 =..MBR.===..The \n+00007a20: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 partition table \n+00007a30: 666f 726d 6174 2074 7261 6469 7469 6f6e format tradition\n+00007a40: 616c 6c79 2075 7365 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 ally used on PC \n+00007a50: 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2069 BIOS platforms i\n+00007a60: 730a 6361 6c6c 6564 2074 6865 204d 6173 s.called the Mas\n+00007a70: 7465 7220 426f 6f74 2052 6563 6f72 6420 ter Boot Record \n+00007a80: 284d 4252 2920 666f 726d 6174 3b20 7468 (MBR) format; th\n+00007a90: 6973 2069 7320 7468 6520 666f 726d 6174 is is the format\n+00007aa0: 2074 6861 740a 616c 6c6f 7773 2075 7020 that.allows up \n+00007ab0: 746f 2066 6f75 7220 7072 696d 6172 7920 to four primary \n+00007ac0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2061 partitions and a\n+00007ad0: 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 6c6f 6769 6361 dditional logica\n+00007ae0: 6c20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2e0a 5769 l partitions..Wi\n+00007af0: 7468 2074 6869 7320 7061 7274 6974 696f th this partitio\n+00007b00: 6e20 7461 626c 6520 666f 726d 6174 2c20 n table format, \n+00007b10: 7468 6572 6520 6172 6520 7477 6f20 7761 there are two wa\n+00007b20: 7973 2074 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 ys to install GR\n+00007b30: 5542 3a20 6974 0a63 616e 2062 6520 656d UB: it.can be em\n+00007b40: 6265 6464 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6172 bedded in the ar\n+00007b50: 6561 2062 6574 7765 656e 2074 6865 204d ea between the M\n+00007b60: 4252 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 BR and the first\n+00007b70: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a28 6361 6c6c partition.(call\n+00007b80: 6564 2062 7920 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6e61 ed by various na\n+00007b90: 6d65 732c 2073 7563 6820 6173 2074 6865 mes, such as the\n+00007ba0: 2022 626f 6f74 2074 7261 636b 222c 2022 \"boot track\", \"\n+00007bb0: 4d42 5220 6761 7022 2c20 6f72 0a22 656d MBR gap\", or.\"em\n+00007bc0: 6265 6464 696e 6720 6172 6561 222c 2061 bedding area\", a\n+00007bd0: 6e64 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 7573 7561 nd which is usua\n+00007be0: 6c6c 7920 6174 206c 6561 7374 2031 3030 lly at least 100\n+00007bf0: 3020 4b69 4229 2c20 6f72 2074 6865 2063 0 KiB), or the c\n+00007c00: 6f72 650a 696d 6167 6520 6361 6e20 6265 ore.image can be\n+00007c10: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2069 6e20 6120 installed in a \n+00007c20: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 616e 6420 file system and \n+00007c30: 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 626c a list of the bl\n+00007c40: 6f63 6b73 2074 6861 740a 6d61 6b65 2069 ocks that.make i\n+00007c50: 7420 7570 2063 616e 2062 6520 7374 6f72 t up can be stor\n+00007c60: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 ed in the first \n+00007c70: 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6174 2070 sector of that p\n+00007c80: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4d6f artition... Mo\n+00007c90: 6465 726e 2074 6f6f 6c73 2075 7375 616c dern tools usual\n+00007ca0: 6c79 206c 6561 7665 204d 4252 2067 6170 ly leave MBR gap\n+00007cb0: 206f 6620 6174 206c 6561 7374 2031 3032 of at least 102\n+00007cc0: 3320 4b69 422e 2054 6869 7320 616d 6f75 3 KiB. This amou\n+00007cd0: 6e74 0a69 7320 7375 6666 6963 6965 6e74 nt.is sufficient\n+00007ce0: 2074 6f20 636f 7665 7220 6d6f 7374 2063 to cover most c\n+00007cf0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 onfigurations. \n+00007d00: 4865 6e63 6520 7468 6973 2076 616c 7565 Hence this value\n+00007d10: 2069 730a 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 is.recommended \n+00007d20: 6279 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 7465 616d by the GRUB team\n+00007d30: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4869 7374 6f72 6963 616c ... Historical\n+00007d40: 6c79 206d 616e 7920 746f 6f6c 7320 6c65 ly many tools le\n+00007d50: 6674 206f 6e6c 7920 3331 204b 6942 206f ft only 31 KiB o\n+00007d60: 6620 7370 6163 652e 2020 5468 6973 2069 f space. This i\n+00007d70: 7320 6e6f 740a 656e 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 s not.enough to \n+00007d80: 7061 7273 6520 7265 6c69 6162 6c79 2064 parse reliably d\n+00007d90: 6966 6669 6375 6c74 2073 7472 7563 7475 ifficult structu\n+00007da0: 7265 7320 6c69 6b65 2042 7472 6673 2c20 res like Btrfs, \n+00007db0: 5a46 532c 2052 4149 4420 6f72 0a4c 564d ZFS, RAID or.LVM\n+00007dc0: 2c20 6f72 2074 6f20 7573 6520 6469 6666 , or to use diff\n+00007dd0: 6963 756c 7420 6469 736b 2061 6363 6573 icult disk acces\n+00007de0: 7320 6d65 7468 6f64 7320 6c69 6b65 2061 s methods like a\n+00007df0: 6863 692e 2020 4865 6e63 6520 4752 5542 hci. Hence GRUB\n+00007e00: 2077 696c 6c0a 7761 726e 2069 6620 6174 will.warn if at\n+00007e10: 7465 6d70 7465 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 tempted to insta\n+00007e20: 6c6c 2069 6e74 6f20 736d 616c 6c20 4d42 ll into small MB\n+00007e30: 5220 6761 7020 6578 6365 7074 2069 6e20 R gap except in \n+00007e40: 6120 736d 616c 6c20 6e75 6d62 6572 0a6f a small number.o\n+00007e50: 6620 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 f configurations\n+00007e60: 2074 6861 7420 7765 7265 2067 7261 6e64 that were grand\n+00007e70: 6661 7468 6572 6564 2e20 2054 6865 2067 fathered. The g\n+00007e80: 7261 6e64 6661 7468 6572 6564 2063 6f6e randfathered con\n+00007e90: 6669 670a 6d75 7374 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 fig.must:.. ..\n+00007ea0: a220 7573 6520 6269 6f73 6469 736b 2061 . use biosdisk a\n+00007eb0: 7320 6469 736b 2061 6363 6573 7320 6d6f s disk access mo\n+00007ec0: 6475 6c65 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f dule for .../boo\n+00007ed0: 74e2 8099 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 206e 6f74 t..... ... not\n+00007ee0: 2075 7365 2061 6e79 2061 6464 6974 696f use any additio\n+00007ef0: 6e61 6c20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6d61 nal partition ma\n+00007f00: 7073 2074 6f20 6163 6365 7373 20e2 8098 ps to access ...\n+00007f10: 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 /boot..... ...\n+00007f20: 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 206d 7573 .../boot... mus\n+00007f30: 7420 6265 206f 6e20 6f6e 6520 6f66 2066 t be on one of f\n+00007f40: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2066 696c 6573 7973 ollowing filesys\n+00007f50: 7465 6d73 3a20 4146 4653 2c20 4146 532c tems: AFFS, AFS,\n+00007f60: 2042 4653 2c0a 2020 2020 2063 7069 6f2c BFS,. cpio,\n+00007f70: 206e 6577 632c 206f 6463 2c20 6578 7432 newc, odc, ext2\n+00007f80: 2f33 2f34 2c20 4641 542c 2065 7846 4154 /3/4, FAT, exFAT\n+00007f90: 2c20 4632 4653 2c20 4846 532c 2075 6e63 , F2FS, HFS, unc\n+00007fa0: 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 640a 2020 2020 2048 ompressed. H\n+00007fb0: 4653 2b2c 2049 534f 3936 3630 2c20 4a46 FS+, ISO9660, JF\n+00007fc0: 532c 204d 696e 6978 2c20 4d69 6e69 7832 S, Minix, Minix2\n+00007fd0: 2c20 4d69 6e69 7833 2c20 4e49 4c46 5332 , Minix3, NILFS2\n+00007fe0: 2c20 4e54 4653 2c20 5265 6973 6572 4653 , NTFS, ReiserFS\n+00007ff0: 2c0a 2020 2020 2052 4f4d 4653 2c20 5346 ,. ROMFS, SF\n+00008000: 532c 2074 6172 2c20 5544 462c 2055 4653 S, tar, UDF, UFS\n+00008010: 312c 2055 4653 322c 2058 4653 0a0a 2020 1, UFS2, XFS.. \n+00008020: 204d 4252 2067 6170 2068 6173 2066 6577 MBR gap has few\n+00008030: 2074 6563 686e 6963 616c 2070 726f 626c technical probl\n+00008040: 656d 732e 2020 5468 6572 6520 6973 206e ems. There is n\n+00008050: 6f20 7761 7920 746f 2072 6573 6572 7665 o way to reserve\n+00008060: 2073 7061 6365 0a69 6e20 7468 6520 656d space.in the em\n+00008070: 6265 6464 696e 6720 6172 6561 2077 6974 bedding area wit\n+00008080: 6820 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 2073 6166 6574 h complete safet\n+00008090: 792c 2061 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 7072 6f70 y, and some prop\n+000080a0: 7269 6574 6172 790a 736f 6674 7761 7265 rietary.software\n+000080b0: 2069 7320 6b6e 6f77 6e20 746f 2075 7365 is known to use\n+000080c0: 2069 7420 746f 206d 616b 6520 6974 2064 it to make it d\n+000080d0: 6966 6669 6375 6c74 2066 6f72 2075 7365 ifficult for use\n+000080e0: 7273 2074 6f20 776f 726b 0a61 726f 756e rs to work.aroun\n+000080f0: 6420 6c69 6365 6e73 696e 6720 7265 7374 d licensing rest\n+00008100: 7269 6374 696f 6e73 2e20 2047 5255 4220 rictions. GRUB \n+00008110: 776f 726b 7320 6172 6f75 6e64 2069 7420 works around it \n+00008120: 6279 2064 6574 6563 7469 6e67 0a73 6563 by detecting.sec\n+00008130: 746f 7273 2062 7920 6f74 6865 7220 736f tors by other so\n+00008140: 6674 7761 7265 2061 6e64 2061 766f 6964 ftware and avoid\n+00008150: 696e 6720 7468 656d 2061 6e64 2070 726f ing them and pro\n+00008160: 7465 6374 696e 6720 6974 7320 6f77 6e0a tecting its own.\n+00008170: 7365 6374 6f72 7320 7573 696e 6720 5265 sectors using Re\n+00008180: 6564 2d53 6f6c 6f6d 6f6e 2065 6e63 6f64 ed-Solomon encod\n+00008190: 696e 672e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 7465 ing... GRUB te\n+000081a0: 616d 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 7320 6861 am recommends ha\n+000081b0: 7669 6e67 204d 4252 2067 6170 206f 6620 ving MBR gap of \n+000081c0: 6174 206c 6561 7374 2031 3030 3020 4b69 at least 1000 Ki\n+000081d0: 422e 0a0a 2020 2053 686f 756c 6420 6974 B... Should it\n+000081e0: 206e 6f74 2062 6520 706f 7373 6962 6c65 not be possible\n+000081f0: 2c20 4752 5542 2068 6173 2073 7570 706f , GRUB has suppo\n+00008200: 7274 2066 6f72 2061 2066 616c 6c62 6163 rt for a fallbac\n+00008210: 6b20 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 0a77 6869 6368 k solution.which\n+00008220: 2069 7320 6865 6176 696c 7920 7265 636f is heavily reco\n+00008230: 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 6167 6169 6e73 742e mmended against.\n+00008240: 2020 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2074 6f20 Installing to \n+00008250: 6120 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 206d 6561 a filesystem mea\n+00008260: 6e73 0a74 6861 7420 4752 5542 2069 7320 ns.that GRUB is \n+00008270: 7675 6c6e 6572 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6974 vulnerable to it\n+00008280: 7320 626c 6f63 6b73 2062 6569 6e67 206d s blocks being m\n+00008290: 6f76 6564 2061 726f 756e 6420 6279 2066 oved around by f\n+000082a0: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d0a 6665 6174 7572 ilesystem.featur\n+000082b0: 6573 2073 7563 6820 6173 2074 6169 6c20 es such as tail \n+000082c0: 7061 636b 696e 672c 206f 7220 6576 656e packing, or even\n+000082d0: 2062 7920 6167 6772 6573 7369 7665 2066 by aggressive f\n+000082e0: 7363 6b0a 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 7469 sck.implementati\n+000082f0: 6f6e 732c 2073 6f20 7468 6973 2061 7070 ons, so this app\n+00008300: 726f 6163 6820 6973 2071 7569 7465 2066 roach is quite f\n+00008310: 7261 6769 6c65 3b20 616e 6420 7468 6973 ragile; and this\n+00008320: 2061 7070 726f 6163 680a 6361 6e20 6f6e approach.can on\n+00008330: 6c79 2062 6520 7573 6564 2069 6620 7468 ly be used if th\n+00008340: 6520 e280 982f 626f 6f74 e280 9920 6669 e .../boot... fi\n+00008350: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2069 7320 6f6e 2074 lesystem is on t\n+00008360: 6865 2073 616d 6520 6469 736b 2074 6861 he same disk tha\n+00008370: 7420 7468 650a 4249 4f53 2062 6f6f 7473 t the.BIOS boots\n+00008380: 2066 726f 6d2c 2073 6f20 7468 6174 2047 from, so that G\n+00008390: 5255 4220 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2068 6176 RUB does not hav\n+000083a0: 6520 746f 2072 656c 7920 6f6e 2067 7565 e to rely on gue\n+000083b0: 7373 696e 6720 4249 4f53 0a64 7269 7665 ssing BIOS.drive\n+000083c0: 206e 756d 6265 7273 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 numbers... Th\n+000083d0: 6520 4752 5542 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 e GRUB developme\n+000083e0: 6e74 2074 6561 6d20 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c nt team generall\n+000083f0: 7920 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6473 2065 6d62 y recommends emb\n+00008400: 6564 6469 6e67 2047 5255 4220 6265 666f edding GRUB befo\n+00008410: 7265 0a74 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 re.the first par\n+00008420: 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 756e 6c65 7373 2079 tition, unless y\n+00008430: 6f75 2068 6176 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c20 ou have special \n+00008440: 7265 7175 6972 656d 656e 7473 2e20 2059 requirements. Y\n+00008450: 6f75 206d 7573 740a 656e 7375 7265 2074 ou must.ensure t\n+00008460: 6861 7420 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 hat the first pa\n+00008470: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7374 6172 7473 2061 rtition starts a\n+00008480: 7420 6c65 6173 7420 3130 3030 204b 6942 t least 1000 KiB\n+00008490: 2028 3230 3030 2073 6563 746f 7273 290a (2000 sectors).\n+000084a0: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2073 7461 7274 206f from the start o\n+000084b0: 6620 7468 6520 6469 736b 3b20 6f6e 206d f the disk; on m\n+000084c0: 6f64 6572 6e20 6469 736b 732c 2069 7420 odern disks, it \n+000084d0: 6973 206f 6674 656e 2061 2070 6572 666f is often a perfo\n+000084e0: 726d 616e 6365 0a61 6476 616e 7461 6765 rmance.advantage\n+000084f0: 2074 6f20 616c 6967 6e20 7061 7274 6974 to align partit\n+00008500: 696f 6e73 206f 6e20 6c61 7267 6572 2062 ions on larger b\n+00008510: 6f75 6e64 6172 6965 7320 616e 7977 6179 oundaries anyway\n+00008520: 2c20 736f 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 0a70 , so the first.p\n+00008530: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206d 6967 6874 2073 artition might s\n+00008540: 7461 7274 2031 204d 6942 2066 726f 6d20 tart 1 MiB from \n+00008550: 7468 6520 7374 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 the start of the\n+00008560: 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a 4750 540a 3d3d 3d0a disk...GPT.===.\n+00008570: 0a53 6f6d 6520 6e65 7765 7220 7379 7374 .Some newer syst\n+00008580: 656d 7320 7573 6520 7468 6520 4755 4944 ems use the GUID\n+00008590: 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2054 6162 6c65 Partition Table\n+000085a0: 2028 4750 5429 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 2020 (GPT) format. \n+000085b0: 5468 6973 2077 6173 0a73 7065 6369 6669 This was.specifi\n+000085c0: 6564 2061 7320 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 ed as part of th\n+000085d0: 6520 4578 7465 6e73 6962 6c65 2046 6972 e Extensible Fir\n+000085e0: 6d77 6172 6520 496e 7465 7266 6163 6520 mware Interface \n+000085f0: 2845 4649 292c 2062 7574 2069 7420 6361 (EFI), but it ca\n+00008600: 6e0a 616c 736f 2062 6520 7573 6564 206f n.also be used o\n+00008610: 6e20 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 n BIOS platforms\n+00008620: 2069 6620 7379 7374 656d 2073 6f66 7477 if system softw\n+00008630: 6172 6520 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2069 743b are supports it;\n+00008640: 2066 6f72 0a65 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 4752 for.example, GR\n+00008650: 5542 2061 6e64 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 UB and GNU/Linux\n+00008660: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2069 6e20 can be used in \n+00008670: 7468 6973 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 this configurati\n+00008680: 6f6e 2e20 2057 6974 680a 7468 6973 2066 on. With.this f\n+00008690: 6f72 6d61 742c 2069 7420 6973 2070 6f73 ormat, it is pos\n+000086a0: 7369 626c 6520 746f 2072 6573 6572 7665 sible to reserve\n+000086b0: 2061 2077 686f 6c65 2070 6172 7469 7469 a whole partiti\n+000086c0: 6f6e 2066 6f72 2047 5255 422c 0a63 616c on for GRUB,.cal\n+000086d0: 6c65 6420 7468 6520 4249 4f53 2042 6f6f led the BIOS Boo\n+000086e0: 7420 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 4752 t Partition. GR\n+000086f0: 5542 2063 616e 2074 6865 6e20 6265 2065 UB can then be e\n+00008700: 6d62 6564 6465 6420 696e 746f 2074 6861 mbedded into tha\n+00008710: 740a 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7769 7468 t.partition with\n+00008720: 6f75 7420 7468 6520 7269 736b 206f 6620 out the risk of \n+00008730: 6265 696e 6720 6f76 6572 7772 6974 7465 being overwritte\n+00008740: 6e20 6279 206f 7468 6572 2073 6f66 7477 n by other softw\n+00008750: 6172 6520 616e 640a 7769 7468 6f75 7420 are and.without \n+00008760: 6265 696e 6720 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 6420 being contained \n+00008770: 696e 2061 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 in a filesystem \n+00008780: 7768 6963 6820 6d69 6768 7420 6d6f 7665 which might move\n+00008790: 2069 7473 2062 6c6f 636b 730a 6172 6f75 its blocks.arou\n+000087a0: 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 656e 2063 7265 nd... When cre\n+000087b0: 6174 696e 6720 6120 4249 4f53 2042 6f6f ating a BIOS Boo\n+000087c0: 7420 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f6e 2061 t Partition on a\n+000087d0: 2047 5054 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2079 6f75 GPT system, you\n+000087e0: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6d61 6b65 0a73 7572 should make.sur\n+000087f0: 6520 7468 6174 2069 7420 6973 2061 7420 e that it is at \n+00008800: 6c65 6173 7420 3331 204b 6942 2069 6e20 least 31 KiB in \n+00008810: 7369 7a65 2e20 2028 4750 542d 666f 726d size. (GPT-form\n+00008820: 6174 7465 6420 6469 736b 7320 6172 6520 atted disks are \n+00008830: 6e6f 740a 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 7061 7274 not.usually part\n+00008840: 6963 756c 6172 6c79 2073 6d61 6c6c 2c20 icularly small, \n+00008850: 736f 2077 6520 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6420 so we recommend \n+00008860: 7468 6174 2079 6f75 206d 616b 6520 6974 that you make it\n+00008870: 206c 6172 6765 7220 7468 616e 0a74 6865 larger than.the\n+00008880: 2062 6172 6520 6d69 6e69 6d75 6d2c 2073 bare minimum, s\n+00008890: 7563 6820 6173 2031 204d 6942 2c20 746f uch as 1 MiB, to\n+000088a0: 2061 6c6c 6f77 2070 6c65 6e74 7920 6f66 allow plenty of\n+000088b0: 2072 6f6f 6d20 666f 7220 6772 6f77 7468 room for growth\n+000088c0: 2e29 0a59 6f75 206d 7573 7420 616c 736f .).You must also\n+000088d0: 206d 616b 6520 7375 7265 2074 6861 7420 make sure that \n+000088e0: 6974 2068 6173 2074 6865 2070 726f 7065 it has the prope\n+000088f0: 7220 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7479 7065 r partition type\n+00008900: 2e20 2055 7369 6e67 0a47 4e55 2050 6172 . Using.GNU Par\n+00008910: 7465 642c 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2073 6574 ted, you can set\n+00008920: 2074 6869 7320 7573 696e 6720 6120 636f this using a co\n+00008930: 6d6d 616e 6420 7375 6368 2061 7320 7468 mmand such as th\n+00008940: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 673a 0a0a 2020 e following:.. \n+00008950: 2020 2023 2070 6172 7465 6420 2f64 6576 # parted /dev\n+00008960: 2f44 4953 4b20 7365 7420 5041 5254 4954 /DISK set PARTIT\n+00008970: 494f 4e2d 4e55 4d42 4552 2062 696f 735f ION-NUMBER bios_\n+00008980: 6772 7562 206f 6e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 grub on.. If y\n+00008990: 6f75 2061 7265 2075 7369 6e67 2067 6469 ou are using gdi\n+000089a0: 736b 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6520 7061 7274 sk, set the part\n+000089b0: 6974 696f 6e20 7479 7065 2074 6f20 e280 ition type to ..\n+000089c0: 9830 7845 4630 32e2 8099 2e20 2057 6974 .0xEF02.... Wit\n+000089d0: 680a 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e69 6e67 2070 h.partitioning p\n+000089e0: 726f 6772 616d 7320 7468 6174 2072 6571 rograms that req\n+000089f0: 7569 7265 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6865 uire setting the\n+00008a00: 2047 5549 4420 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 GUID directly, \n+00008a10: 6974 2073 686f 756c 640a 6265 20e2 8098 it should.be ...\n+00008a20: 3231 3638 3631 3438 2d36 3434 392d 3665 21686148-6449-6e\n+00008a30: 3666 2d37 3434 6536 3536 3536 3434 3534 6f-744e656564454\n+00008a40: 3634 39e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a43 6175 649...... *Cau\n+00008a50: 7469 6f6e 3a2a 2042 6520 7665 7279 2063 tion:* Be very c\n+00008a60: 6172 6566 756c 2077 6869 6368 2070 6172 areful which par\n+00008a70: 7469 7469 6f6e 2079 6f75 2073 656c 6563 tition you selec\n+00008a80: 7421 2020 5768 656e 2047 5255 420a 6669 t! When GRUB.fi\n+00008a90: 6e64 7320 6120 4249 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 nds a BIOS Boot \n+00008aa0: 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6475 7269 6e67 Partition during\n+00008ab0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e2c 2069 installation, i\n+00008ac0: 7420 7769 6c6c 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 t will automatic\n+00008ad0: 616c 6c79 0a6f 7665 7277 7269 7465 2070 ally.overwrite p\n+00008ae0: 6172 7420 6f66 2069 742e 2020 4d61 6b65 art of it. Make\n+00008af0: 2073 7572 6520 7468 6174 2074 6865 2070 sure that the p\n+00008b00: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f artition does no\n+00008b10: 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 616e 790a 6f74 t contain any.ot\n+00008b20: 6865 7220 6461 7461 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c her data.....Fil\n+00008b30: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00008b40: 6f64 653a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 204e ode: Booting, N\n+00008b50: 6578 743a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 ext: Configurati\n+00008b60: 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e73 7461 on, Prev: Insta\n+00008b70: 6c6c 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f llation, Up: To\n+00008b80: 700a 0a35 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a2a 2a2a p..5 Booting.***\n+00008b90: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 2063 616e ******..GRUB can\n+00008ba0: 206c 6f61 6420 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742d load Multiboot-\n+00008bb0: 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 6b65 726e 656c compliant kernel\n+00008bc0: 7320 696e 2061 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 656e s in a consisten\n+00008bd0: 7420 7761 792c 2062 7574 2066 6f72 0a73 t way, but for.s\n+00008be0: 6f6d 6520 6672 6565 206f 7065 7261 7469 ome free operati\n+00008bf0: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2079 6f75 206e ng systems you n\n+00008c00: 6565 6420 746f 2075 7365 2073 6f6d 6520 eed to use some \n+00008c10: 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6d61 6769 OS-specific magi\n+00008c20: 632e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2047 c...* Menu:..* G\n+00008c30: 656e 6572 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 eneral boot meth\n+00008c40: 6f64 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f77 ods:: How\n+00008c50: 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 204f 5365 7320 7769 to boot OSes wi\n+00008c60: 7468 2047 5255 4220 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c th GRUB generall\n+00008c70: 790a 2a20 4c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2062 6f6f y.* Loopback boo\n+00008c80: 7469 6e67 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ting:: \n+00008c90: 2020 4e6f 7465 7320 6f6e 2062 6f6f 7469 Notes on booti\n+00008ca0: 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b ng from loopback\n+00008cb0: 730a 2a20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 626f s.* LVM cache bo\n+00008cc0: 6f74 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operati\n+00008db0: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d ng systems.=====\n 00008dc0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00008dd0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00008de0: 0a0a 4752 5542 2068 6173 2074 6872 6565 ..GRUB has three\n-00008df0: 2064 6973 7469 6e63 7420 626f 6f74 206d distinct boot m\n-00008e00: 6574 686f 6473 3a20 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 ethods: loading \n-00008e10: 616e 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 an operating sys\n-00008e20: 7465 6d0a 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 7573 tem.directly, us\n-00008e30: 696e 6720 6b65 7865 6320 6672 6f6d 2075 ing kexec from u\n-00008e40: 7365 7273 7061 6365 2c20 616e 6420 6368 serspace, and ch\n-00008e50: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e6f 7468 ainloading anoth\n-00008e60: 6572 0a62 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 722e 2020 er.bootloader. \n-00008e70: 4765 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 7370 6561 6b69 Generally speaki\n-00008e80: 6e67 2c20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7477 ng, the first tw\n-00008e90: 6f20 6172 6520 6d6f 7265 2064 6573 6972 o are more desir\n-00008ea0: 6162 6c65 0a62 6563 6175 7365 2079 6f75 able.because you\n-00008eb0: 2064 6f6e 2774 206e 6565 6420 746f 2069 don't need to i\n-00008ec0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 206f 7220 6d61 696e 7461 nstall or mainta\n-00008ed0: 696e 206f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f in other boot lo\n-00008ee0: 6164 6572 7320 616e 640a 4752 5542 2069 aders and.GRUB i\n-00008ef0: 7320 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2065 6e6f 7567 s flexible enoug\n-00008f00: 6820 746f 206c 6f61 6420 616e 206f 7065 h to load an ope\n-00008f10: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6672 rating system fr\n-00008f20: 6f6d 2061 6e20 6172 6269 7472 6172 790a om an arbitrary.\n-00008f30: 6469 736b 2f70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 disk/partition. \n-00008f40: 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 6368 6169 6e6c However, chainl\n-00008f50: 6f61 6469 6e67 2069 7320 736f 6d65 7469 oading is someti\n-00008f60: 6d65 7320 7265 7175 6972 6564 2c20 6173 mes required, as\n-00008f70: 2047 5255 420a 646f 6573 6e27 7420 7375 GRUB.doesn't su\n-00008f80: 7070 6f72 7420 616c 6c20 6578 6973 7469 pport all existi\n-00008f90: 6e67 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 ng operating sys\n-00008fa0: 7465 6d73 206e 6174 6976 656c 792e 0a0a tems natively...\n-00008fb0: 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 204c 6f61 6469 * Menu:..* Loadi\n-00008fc0: 6e67 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 ng an operating \n-00008fd0: 7379 7374 656d 2064 6972 6563 746c 793a system directly:\n-00008fe0: 3a0a 2a20 4b65 7865 633a 3a0a 2a20 4368 :.* Kexec::.* Ch\n-00008ff0: 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 673a 3a0a 0a1f ain-loading::...\n-00009000: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00009010: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204c 6f61 6469 6e67 , Node: Loading\n-00009020: 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 an operating sy\n-00009030: 7374 656d 2064 6972 6563 746c 792c 2020 stem directly, \n-00009040: 4e65 7874 3a20 4b65 7865 632c 2020 5570 Next: Kexec, Up\n-00009050: 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 626f 6f74 206d : General boot m\n-00009060: 6574 686f 6473 0a0a 352e 312e 3120 486f ethods..5.1.1 Ho\n-00009070: 7720 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 204f 5320 w to boot an OS \n-00009080: 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2077 6974 6820 4752 directly with GR\n-00009090: 5542 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d UB.-------------\n+00008dd0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 ============..GR\n+00008de0: 5542 2068 6173 2074 6872 6565 2064 6973 UB has three dis\n+00008df0: 7469 6e63 7420 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f tinct boot metho\n+00008e00: 6473 3a20 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 616e 206f ds: loading an o\n+00008e10: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a perating system.\n+00008e20: 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 7573 696e 6720 directly, using \n+00008e30: 6b65 7865 6320 6672 6f6d 2075 7365 7273 kexec from users\n+00008e40: 7061 6365 2c20 616e 6420 6368 6169 6e6c pace, and chainl\n+00008e50: 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 0a62 oading another.b\n+00008e60: 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 722e 2020 4765 6e65 ootloader. Gene\n+00008e70: 7261 6c6c 7920 7370 6561 6b69 6e67 2c20 rally speaking, \n+00008e80: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7477 6f20 6172 the first two ar\n+00008e90: 6520 6d6f 7265 2064 6573 6972 6162 6c65 e more desirable\n+00008ea0: 0a62 6563 6175 7365 2079 6f75 2064 6f6e .because you don\n+00008eb0: 2774 206e 6565 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 't need to insta\n+00008ec0: 6c6c 206f 7220 6d61 696e 7461 696e 206f ll or maintain o\n+00008ed0: 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 ther boot loader\n+00008ee0: 7320 616e 640a 4752 5542 2069 7320 666c s and.GRUB is fl\n+00008ef0: 6578 6962 6c65 2065 6e6f 7567 6820 746f exible enough to\n+00008f00: 206c 6f61 6420 616e 206f 7065 7261 7469 load an operati\n+00008f10: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6672 6f6d 2061 ng system from a\n+00008f20: 6e20 6172 6269 7472 6172 790a 6469 736b n arbitrary.disk\n+00008f30: 2f70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2048 6f77 /partition. How\n+00008f40: 6576 6572 2c20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 ever, chainloadi\n+00008f50: 6e67 2069 7320 736f 6d65 7469 6d65 7320 ng is sometimes \n+00008f60: 7265 7175 6972 6564 2c20 6173 2047 5255 required, as GRU\n+00008f70: 420a 646f 6573 6e27 7420 7375 7070 6f72 B.doesn't suppor\n+00008f80: 7420 616c 6c20 6578 6973 7469 6e67 206f t all existing o\n+00008f90: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 perating systems\n+00008fa0: 206e 6174 6976 656c 792e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 natively...* Me\n+00008fb0: 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 204c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 nu:..* Loading a\n+00008fc0: 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 n operating syst\n+00008fd0: 656d 2064 6972 6563 746c 793a 3a0a 2a20 em directly::.* \n+00008fe0: 4b65 7865 633a 3a0a 2a20 4368 6169 6e2d Kexec::.* Chain-\n+00008ff0: 6c6f 6164 696e 673a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c loading::....Fil\n+00009000: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00009010: 6f64 653a 204c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e20 ode: Loading an \n+00009020: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n+00009030: 2064 6972 6563 746c 792c 2020 4e65 7874 directly, Next\n+00009040: 3a20 4b65 7865 632c 2020 5570 3a20 4765 : Kexec, Up: Ge\n+00009050: 6e65 7261 6c20 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f neral boot metho\n+00009060: 6473 0a0a 352e 312e 3120 486f 7720 746f ds..5.1.1 How to\n+00009070: 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 204f 5320 6469 7265 boot an OS dire\n+00009080: 6374 6c79 2077 6974 6820 4752 5542 0a2d ctly with GRUB.-\n+00009090: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 000090a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000090b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a4d -------------..M\n-000090c0: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 ultiboot (*note \n-000090d0: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 Multiboot Specif\n-000090e0: 6963 6174 696f 6e3a 2028 6d75 6c74 6962 ication: (multib\n-000090f0: 6f6f 7429 546f 702e 2920 6973 2074 6865 oot)Top.) is the\n-00009100: 206e 6174 6976 650a 666f 726d 6174 2073 native.format s\n-00009110: 7570 706f 7274 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 upported by GRUB\n-00009120: 2e20 466f 7220 7468 6520 7361 6b65 206f . For the sake o\n-00009130: 6620 636f 6e76 656e 6965 6e63 652c 2074 f convenience, t\n-00009140: 6865 7265 2069 7320 616c 736f 0a73 7570 here is also.sup\n-00009150: 706f 7274 2066 6f72 204c 696e 7578 2c20 port for Linux, \n-00009160: 4672 6565 4253 442c 204e 6574 4253 4420 FreeBSD, NetBSD \n-00009170: 616e 6420 4f70 656e 4253 442e 2049 6620 and OpenBSD. If \n-00009180: 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 you want to boot\n-00009190: 0a6f 7468 6572 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 .other operating\n-000091a0: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 796f 7520 7769 systems, you wi\n-000091b0: 6c6c 2068 6176 6520 746f 2063 6861 696e ll have to chain\n-000091c0: 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 656d 2028 2a6e 6f74 -load them (*not\n-000091d0: 650a 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 673a e.Chain-loading:\n-000091e0: 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 4649 584d 453a 2074 :)... FIXME: t\n-000091f0: 6869 7320 7365 6374 696f 6e20 6973 2069 his section is i\n-00009200: 6e63 6f6d 706c 6574 652e 0a0a 2020 312e ncomplete... 1.\n-00009210: 2052 756e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 Run the command\n-00009220: 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 e280 9920 282a 6e6f ...boot... (*no\n-00009230: 7465 2062 6f6f 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 te boot::)... \n-00009240: 486f 7765 7665 722c 2044 4f53 2061 6e64 However, DOS and\n-00009250: 2057 696e 646f 7773 2068 6176 6520 736f Windows have so\n-00009260: 6d65 2064 6566 6963 6965 6e63 6965 732c me deficiencies,\n-00009270: 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6d69 6768 7420 6861 so you might ha\n-00009280: 7665 2074 6f0a 7573 6520 6d6f 7265 2063 ve to.use more c\n-00009290: 6f6d 706c 6963 6174 6564 2069 6e73 7472 omplicated instr\n-000092a0: 7563 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 uctions. *Note \n-000092b0: 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 733a 3a2c 2066 DOS/Windows::, f\n-000092c0: 6f72 206d 6f72 650a 696e 666f 726d 6174 or more.informat\n-000092d0: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ion.....File: gr\n-000092e0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-000092f0: 4b65 7865 632c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4368 Kexec, Next: Ch\n-00009300: 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 672c 2020 5072 ain-loading, Pr\n-00009310: 6576 3a20 4c6f 6164 696e 6720 616e 206f ev: Loading an o\n-00009320: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 perating system \n-00009330: 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 2055 703a 2047 directly, Up: G\n-00009340: 656e 6572 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 eneral boot meth\n-00009350: 6f64 730a 0a35 2e31 2e32 204b 6578 6563 ods..5.1.2 Kexec\n-00009360: 2077 6974 6820 6772 7562 322d 656d 750a with grub2-emu.\n+000090b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a4d 756c 7469 ---------..Multi\n+000090c0: 626f 6f74 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4d75 6c74 boot (*note Mult\n+000090d0: 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 iboot Specificat\n+000090e0: 696f 6e3a 2028 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7429 ion: (multiboot)\n+000090f0: 546f 702e 2920 6973 2074 6865 206e 6174 Top.) is the nat\n+00009100: 6976 650a 666f 726d 6174 2073 7570 706f ive.format suppo\n+00009110: 7274 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 2e20 466f rted by GRUB. Fo\n+00009120: 7220 7468 6520 7361 6b65 206f 6620 636f r the sake of co\n+00009130: 6e76 656e 6965 6e63 652c 2074 6865 7265 nvenience, there\n+00009140: 2069 7320 616c 736f 0a73 7570 706f 7274 is also.support\n+00009150: 2066 6f72 204c 696e 7578 2c20 4672 6565 for Linux, Free\n+00009160: 4253 442c 204e 6574 4253 4420 616e 6420 BSD, NetBSD and \n+00009170: 4f70 656e 4253 442e 2049 6620 796f 7520 OpenBSD. If you \n+00009180: 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 0a6f 7468 want to boot.oth\n+00009190: 6572 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 er operating sys\n+000091a0: 7465 6d73 2c20 796f 7520 7769 6c6c 2068 tems, you will h\n+000091b0: 6176 6520 746f 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 ave to chain-loa\n+000091c0: 6420 7468 656d 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 4368 d them (*note.Ch\n+000091d0: 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 673a 3a29 2e0a ain-loading::)..\n+000091e0: 0a20 2020 4649 584d 453a 2074 6869 7320 . FIXME: this \n+000091f0: 7365 6374 696f 6e20 6973 2069 6e63 6f6d section is incom\n+00009200: 706c 6574 652e 0a0a 2020 312e 2052 756e plete... 1. Run\n+00009210: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 the command ...\n+00009220: 626f 6f74 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2062 boot... (*note b\n+00009230: 6f6f 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 486f 7765 oot::)... Howe\n+00009240: 7665 722c 2044 4f53 2061 6e64 2057 696e ver, DOS and Win\n+00009250: 646f 7773 2068 6176 6520 736f 6d65 2064 dows have some d\n+00009260: 6566 6963 6965 6e63 6965 732c 2073 6f20 eficiencies, so \n+00009270: 796f 7520 6d69 6768 7420 6861 7665 2074 you might have t\n+00009280: 6f0a 7573 6520 6d6f 7265 2063 6f6d 706c o.use more compl\n+00009290: 6963 6174 6564 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 icated instructi\n+000092a0: 6f6e 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 444f 532f ons. *Note DOS/\n+000092b0: 5769 6e64 6f77 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d Windows::, for m\n+000092c0: 6f72 650a 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e ore.information.\n+000092d0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+000092e0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4b65 7865 nfo, Node: Kexe\n+000092f0: 632c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4368 6169 6e2d c, Next: Chain-\n+00009300: 6c6f 6164 696e 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 loading, Prev: \n+00009310: 4c6f 6164 696e 6720 616e 206f 7065 7261 Loading an opera\n+00009320: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6469 7265 ting system dire\n+00009330: 6374 6c79 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 ctly, Up: Gener\n+00009340: 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 730a al boot methods.\n+00009350: 0a35 2e31 2e32 204b 6578 6563 2077 6974 .5.1.2 Kexec wit\n+00009360: 6820 6772 7562 322d 656d 750a 2d2d 2d2d h grub2-emu.----\n 00009370: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00009380: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4752 5542 ----------..GRUB\n-00009390: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7275 6e20 696e 2075 can be run in u\n-000093a0: 7365 7273 7061 6365 2062 7920 696e 766f serspace by invo\n-000093b0: 6b69 6e67 2074 6865 2067 7275 6232 2d65 king the grub2-e\n-000093c0: 6d75 2074 6f6f 6c2e 2020 4974 2077 696c mu tool. It wil\n-000093d0: 6c0a 7265 6164 2061 6c6c 2063 6f6e 6669 l.read all confi\n-000093e0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2073 6372 6970 7473 guration scripts\n-000093f0: 2061 7320 6966 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2064 as if booting d\n-00009400: 6972 6563 746c 7920 2873 6565 202a 6e6f irectly (see *no\n-00009410: 7465 204c 6f61 6469 6e67 0a61 6e20 6f70 te Loading.an op\n-00009420: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2064 erating system d\n-00009430: 6972 6563 746c 793a 3a29 2e20 2057 6974 irectly::). Wit\n-00009440: 6820 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d6b 6578 6563 h the ...--kexec\n-00009450: e280 9920 666c 6167 2c20 616e 6420 6b65 ... flag, and ke\n-00009460: 7865 6328 3829 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2066 xec(8).support f\n-00009470: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6f70 6572 6174 696e rom the operatin\n-00009480: 6720 7379 7374 656d 2c20 7468 6520 e280 g system, the ..\n-00009490: 986c 696e 7578 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e .linux... comman\n-000094a0: 6420 7769 6c6c 2064 6972 6563 746c 790a d will directly.\n-000094b0: 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2074 6172 6765 7420 boot the target \n-000094c0: 696d 6167 652e 2020 466f 7220 7379 7374 image. For syst\n-000094d0: 656d 7320 7468 6174 206c 6163 6b20 776f ems that lack wo\n-000094e0: 726b 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 6374 6c28 rking systemctl(\n-000094f0: 3129 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 206b 1).support for k\n-00009500: 6578 6563 2c20 7061 7373 696e 6720 7468 exec, passing th\n-00009510: 6520 e280 982d 2d6b 6578 6563 e280 9920 e ...--kexec... \n-00009520: 666c 6167 2074 7769 6365 2077 696c 6c20 flag twice will \n-00009530: 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2074 6f0a 696e 766f fallback to.invo\n-00009540: 6b69 6e67 206b 6578 6563 2838 2920 6469 king kexec(8) di\n-00009550: 7265 6374 6c79 3b20 6e6f 7465 2068 6f77 rectly; note how\n-00009560: 6576 6572 2074 6861 7420 7468 6973 2066 ever that this f\n-00009570: 616c 6c62 6163 6b20 6d61 7920 6265 0a75 allback may be.u\n-00009580: 6e73 6166 6520 6f75 7473 6964 6520 7265 nsafe outside re\n-00009590: 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 656e 7669 726f 6e6d ad-only environm\n-000095a0: 656e 7473 2c20 6173 2069 7420 646f 6573 ents, as it does\n-000095b0: 206e 6f74 2069 6e76 6f6b 6520 7368 7574 not invoke shut\n-000095c0: 646f 776e 0a6d 6163 6869 6e65 7279 2e0a down.machinery..\n-000095d0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-000095e0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6861 696e fo, Node: Chain\n-000095f0: 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a -loading, Prev:\n-00009600: 204b 6578 6563 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e Kexec, Up: Gen\n-00009610: 6572 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 eral boot method\n-00009620: 730a 0a35 2e31 2e33 2043 6861 696e 2d6c s..5.1.3 Chain-l\n-00009630: 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e20 4f53 0a2d 2d2d oading an OS.---\n+00009380: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4752 5542 2063 616e ------..GRUB can\n+00009390: 2062 6520 7275 6e20 696e 2075 7365 7273 be run in users\n+000093a0: 7061 6365 2062 7920 696e 766f 6b69 6e67 pace by invoking\n+000093b0: 2074 6865 2067 7275 6232 2d65 6d75 2074 the grub2-emu t\n+000093c0: 6f6f 6c2e 2020 4974 2077 696c 6c0a 7265 ool. It will.re\n+000093d0: 6164 2061 6c6c 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 ad all configura\n+000093e0: 7469 6f6e 2073 6372 6970 7473 2061 7320 tion scripts as \n+000093f0: 6966 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2064 6972 6563 if booting direc\n+00009400: 746c 7920 2873 6565 202a 6e6f 7465 204c tly (see *note L\n+00009410: 6f61 6469 6e67 0a61 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 oading.an operat\n+00009420: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2064 6972 6563 ing system direc\n+00009430: 746c 793a 3a29 2e20 2057 6974 6820 7468 tly::). With th\n+00009440: 6520 e280 982d 2d6b 6578 6563 e280 9920 e ...--kexec... \n+00009450: 666c 6167 2c20 616e 6420 6b65 7865 6328 flag, and kexec(\n+00009460: 3829 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2066 726f 6d20 8).support from \n+00009470: 7468 6520 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 the operating sy\n+00009480: 7374 656d 2c20 7468 6520 e280 986c 696e stem, the ...lin\n+00009490: 7578 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7769 ux... command wi\n+000094a0: 6c6c 2064 6972 6563 746c 790a 626f 6f74 ll directly.boot\n+000094b0: 2074 6865 2074 6172 6765 7420 696d 6167 the target imag\n+000094c0: 652e 2020 466f 7220 7379 7374 656d 7320 e. For systems \n+000094d0: 7468 6174 206c 6163 6b20 776f 726b 696e that lack workin\n+000094e0: 6720 7379 7374 656d 6374 6c28 3129 0a73 g systemctl(1).s\n+000094f0: 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 206b 6578 6563 upport for kexec\n+00009500: 2c20 7061 7373 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 , passing the ..\n+00009510: 982d 2d6b 6578 6563 e280 9920 666c 6167 .--kexec... flag\n+00009520: 2074 7769 6365 2077 696c 6c20 6661 6c6c twice will fall\n+00009530: 6261 636b 2074 6f0a 696e 766f 6b69 6e67 back to.invoking\n+00009540: 206b 6578 6563 2838 2920 6469 7265 6374 kexec(8) direct\n+00009550: 6c79 3b20 6e6f 7465 2068 6f77 6576 6572 ly; note however\n+00009560: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6973 2066 616c 6c62 that this fallb\n+00009570: 6163 6b20 6d61 7920 6265 0a75 6e73 6166 ack may be.unsaf\n+00009580: 6520 6f75 7473 6964 6520 7265 6164 2d6f e outside read-o\n+00009590: 6e6c 7920 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7473 nly environments\n+000095a0: 2c20 6173 2069 7420 646f 6573 206e 6f74 , as it does not\n+000095b0: 2069 6e76 6f6b 6520 7368 7574 646f 776e invoke shutdown\n+000095c0: 0a6d 6163 6869 6e65 7279 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 .machinery.....F\n+000095d0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+000095e0: 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 Node: Chain-loa\n+000095f0: 6469 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204b 6578 ding, Prev: Kex\n+00009600: 6563 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c ec, Up: General\n+00009610: 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 730a 0a35 boot methods..5\n+00009620: 2e31 2e33 2043 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 .1.3 Chain-loadi\n+00009630: 6e67 2061 6e20 4f53 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ng an OS.-------\n 00009640: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00009650: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4f70 6572 6174 696e ------..Operatin\n-00009660: 6720 7379 7374 656d 7320 7468 6174 2064 g systems that d\n-00009670: 6f20 6e6f 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 4d75 o not support Mu\n-00009680: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 646f 206e ltiboot and do n\n-00009690: 6f74 2068 6176 6520 7370 6563 6966 6963 ot have specific\n-000096a0: 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2069 6e20 4752 5542 .support in GRUB\n-000096b0: 2028 7370 6563 6966 6963 2073 7570 706f (specific suppo\n-000096c0: 7274 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 rt is available \n-000096d0: 666f 7220 4c69 6e75 782c 2046 7265 6542 for Linux, FreeB\n-000096e0: 5344 2c0a 4e65 7442 5344 2061 6e64 204f SD,.NetBSD and O\n-000096f0: 7065 6e42 5344 2920 6d75 7374 2062 6520 penBSD) must be \n-00009700: 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 6564 2c20 7768 chain-loaded, wh\n-00009710: 6963 6820 696e 766f 6c76 6573 206c 6f61 ich involves loa\n-00009720: 6469 6e67 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 0a62 6f6f ding another.boo\n-00009730: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2061 6e64 206a 756d t loader and jum\n-00009740: 7069 6e67 2074 6f20 6974 2069 6e20 7265 ping to it in re\n-00009750: 616c 206d 6f64 6520 6f72 2076 6961 2074 al mode or via t\n-00009760: 6865 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e 0a0a 2020 he firmware... \n-00009770: 2054 6865 20e2 8098 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 The ...chainloa\n-00009780: 6465 72e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 der... command (\n-00009790: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 *note chainloade\n-000097a0: 723a 3a29 2069 7320 7573 6564 2074 6f20 r::) is used to \n-000097b0: 7365 7420 7468 6973 0a75 702e 2020 4974 set this.up. It\n-000097c0: 2069 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2061 6c73 is normally als\n-000097d0: 6f20 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 746f 206c o necessary to l\n-000097e0: 6f61 6420 736f 6d65 2047 5255 4220 6d6f oad some GRUB mo\n-000097f0: 6475 6c65 7320 616e 6420 7365 7420 7468 dules and set th\n-00009800: 650a 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 726f e.appropriate ro\n-00009810: 6f74 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 5075 7474 ot device. Putt\n-00009820: 696e 6720 7468 6973 2074 6f67 6574 6865 ing this togethe\n-00009830: 722c 2077 6520 6765 7420 736f 6d65 7468 r, we get someth\n-00009840: 696e 6720 6c69 6b65 0a74 6869 732c 2066 ing like.this, f\n-00009850: 6f72 2061 2057 696e 646f 7773 2073 7973 or a Windows sys\n-00009860: 7465 6d20 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 tem on the first\n-00009870: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 partition of th\n-00009880: 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 0a64 6973 e first hard.dis\n-00009890: 6b3a 0a0a 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 2257 k:..menuentry \"W\n-000098a0: 696e 646f 7773 2220 7b0a 0969 6e73 6d6f indows\" {..insmo\n-000098b0: 6420 6368 6169 6e0a 0969 6e73 6d6f 6420 d chain..insmod \n-000098c0: 6e74 6673 0a09 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 ntfs..set root=(\n-000098d0: 6864 302c 3129 0a09 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 hd0,1)..chainloa\n-000098e0: 6465 7220 2b31 0a7d 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 der +1.}.. On \n-000098f0: 7379 7374 656d 7320 7769 7468 206d 756c systems with mul\n-00009900: 7469 706c 6520 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b73 tiple hard disks\n-00009910: 2c20 616e 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 , an additional \n-00009920: 776f 726b 6172 6f75 6e64 206d 6179 2062 workaround may b\n-00009930: 650a 7265 7175 6972 6564 2e20 202a 4e6f e.required. *No\n-00009940: 7465 2044 4f53 2f57 696e 646f 7773 3a3a te DOS/Windows::\n-00009950: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 ... Chain-load\n-00009960: 696e 6720 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 7375 7070 ing is only supp\n-00009970: 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 orted on PC BIOS\n-00009980: 2061 6e64 2045 4649 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 and EFI platfor\n-00009990: 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ms.....File: gru\n-000099a0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204c b.info, Node: L\n-000099b0: 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 672c oopback booting,\n-000099c0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 Next: LVM cach\n-000099d0: 6520 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5072 6576 e booting, Prev\n-000099e0: 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 626f 6f74 206d : General boot m\n-000099f0: 6574 686f 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2042 6f6f ethods, Up: Boo\n-00009a00: 7469 6e67 0a0a 352e 3220 4c6f 6f70 6261 ting..5.2 Loopba\n-00009a10: 636b 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d ck booting.=====\n-00009a20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n-00009a30: 0a47 5255 4220 6973 2061 626c 6520 746f .GRUB is able to\n-00009a40: 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2061 6e20 696d read from an im\n-00009a50: 6167 6520 2862 6520 6974 206f 6e65 206f age (be it one o\n-00009a60: 6620 4344 206f 7220 4844 4429 2073 746f f CD or HDD) sto\n-00009a70: 7265 6420 6f6e 0a61 6e79 206f 6620 6974 red on.any of it\n-00009a80: 7320 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 2073 746f s accessible sto\n-00009a90: 7261 6765 7320 2872 6566 6572 2074 6f20 rages (refer to \n-00009aa0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 3a3a *note loopback::\n-00009ab0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 292e 0a48 6f77 6576 command)..Howev\n-00009ac0: 6572 2074 6865 204f 5320 6974 7365 6c66 er the OS itself\n-00009ad0: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2061 626c 6520 should be able \n-00009ae0: 746f 2066 696e 6420 6974 7320 726f 6f74 to find its root\n-00009af0: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 790a . This usually.\n-00009b00: 696e 766f 6c76 6573 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 involves running\n-00009b10: 2061 2075 7365 7273 7061 6365 2070 726f a userspace pro\n-00009b20: 6772 616d 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2062 6566 gram running bef\n-00009b30: 6f72 6520 7468 6520 7265 616c 2072 6f6f ore the real roo\n-00009b40: 7420 6973 0a64 6973 636f 7665 7265 642e t is.discovered.\n-00009b50: 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6163 6869 6576 This is achiev\n-00009b60: 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 206c 6f61 6469 ed by GRUB loadi\n-00009b70: 6e67 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c 6c79 206d ng a specially m\n-00009b80: 6164 6520 736d 616c 6c0a 696d 6167 6520 ade small.image \n-00009b90: 616e 6420 7061 7373 696e 6720 6974 2061 and passing it a\n-00009ba0: 7320 7261 6d64 6973 6b20 746f 2074 6865 s ramdisk to the\n-00009bb0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 2020 5468 6973 2069 kernel. This i\n-00009bc0: 7320 6163 6869 6576 6564 2062 790a 636f s achieved by.co\n-00009bd0: 6d6d 616e 6473 20e2 8098 6b66 7265 6562 mmands ...kfreeb\n-00009be0: 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 sd_module..., ..\n-00009bf0: 986b 6e65 7462 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c 655f .knetbsd_module_\n-00009c00: 656c 66e2 8099 2c20 e280 986b 6f70 656e elf..., ...kopen\n-00009c10: 6273 645f 7261 6d64 6973 6be2 8099 2c0a bsd_ramdisk...,.\n-00009c20: e280 9869 6e69 7472 64e2 8099 2028 2a6e ...initrd... (*n\n-00009c30: 6f74 6520 696e 6974 7264 3a3a 292c 20e2 ote initrd::), .\n-00009c40: 8098 696e 6974 7264 3136 e280 9920 282a ..initrd16... (*\n-00009c50: 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 7472 6431 363a 3a29 note initrd16::)\n-00009c60: 2c0a e280 986d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 5f6d ,....multiboot_m\n-00009c70: 6f64 756c 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 986d 756c odule..., ...mul\n-00009c80: 7469 626f 6f74 325f 6d6f 6475 6c65 e280 tiboot2_module..\n-00009c90: 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 786e 755f 7261 6d64 . or ...xnu_ramd\n-00009ca0: 6973 6be2 8099 2064 6570 656e 6469 6e67 isk... depending\n-00009cb0: 206f 6e0a 7468 6520 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 on.the loader. \n-00009cc0: 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2066 6f72 206b Note that for k\n-00009cd0: 6e65 7462 7364 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 netbsd the image\n-00009ce0: 206d 7573 7420 6265 2070 7574 2069 6e73 must be put ins\n-00009cf0: 6964 650a 6d69 6e69 726f 6f74 2e6b 6d6f ide.miniroot.kmo\n-00009d00: 6420 616e 6420 7468 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 d and the whole \n-00009d10: 6d69 6e69 726f 6f74 2e6b 6d6f 6420 6861 miniroot.kmod ha\n-00009d20: 7320 746f 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 2e20 s to be loaded. \n-00009d30: 2049 6e20 6b6f 7065 6e62 7364 0a70 6179 In kopenbsd.pay\n-00009d40: 6c6f 6164 2074 6869 7320 6973 2064 6973 load this is dis\n-00009d50: 6162 6c65 6420 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 abled by default\n-00009d60: 2e20 2041 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 792c . Additionally,\n-00009d70: 2062 6568 6176 696f 7572 206f 6620 696e behaviour of in\n-00009d80: 6974 6961 6c0a 7261 6d64 6973 6b20 6465 itial.ramdisk de\n-00009d90: 7065 6e64 7320 6f6e 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 pends on command\n-00009da0: 206c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 line options. \n-00009db0: 5365 7665 7261 6c20 6469 7374 7269 6275 Several distribu\n-00009dc0: 746f 7273 2070 726f 7669 6465 0a74 6865 tors provide.the\n-00009dd0: 2069 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 2074 6869 7320 image for this \n-00009de0: 7075 7270 6f73 6520 6f72 2069 7427 7320 purpose or it's \n-00009df0: 696e 7465 6772 6174 6564 2069 6e20 7468 integrated in th\n-00009e00: 6569 7220 7374 616e 6461 7264 2072 616d eir standard ram\n-00009e10: 6469 736b 0a61 6e64 2061 6374 6976 6174 disk.and activat\n-00009e20: 6564 2062 7920 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6f70 ed by special op\n-00009e30: 7469 6f6e 2e20 2043 6f6e 7375 6c74 2079 tion. Consult y\n-00009e40: 6f75 7220 6b65 726e 656c 2061 6e64 2064 our kernel and d\n-00009e50: 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e0a 6d61 6e75 istribution.manu\n-00009e60: 616c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6465 7461 al for more deta\n-00009e70: 696c 732e 2020 4f74 6865 7220 6c6f 6164 ils. Other load\n-00009e80: 6572 7320 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 6170 706c ers like ...appl\n-00009e90: 656c 6f61 6465 72e2 8099 2c0a e280 9863 eloader...,....c\n-00009ea0: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 e280 9920 2842 hainloader... (B\n-00009eb0: 494f 532c 2045 4649 2c20 636f 7265 626f IOS, EFI, corebo\n-00009ec0: 6f74 292c 20e2 8098 6672 6565 646f 73e2 ot), ...freedos.\n-00009ed0: 8099 2c20 e280 986e 746c 6472 e280 992c .., ...ntldr...,\n-00009ee0: 20e2 8098 706c 616e 39e2 8099 2061 6e64 ...plan9... and\n-00009ef0: 0ae2 8098 7472 7565 6372 7970 74e2 8099 ....truecrypt...\n-00009f00: 2070 726f 7669 6465 206e 6f20 706f 7373 provide no poss\n-00009f10: 6962 696c 6974 7920 6f66 206c 6f61 6469 ibility of loadi\n-00009f20: 6e67 2069 6e69 7469 616c 2072 616d 6469 ng initial ramdi\n-00009f30: 736b 2061 6e64 2061 7320 6661 720a 6173 sk and as far.as\n-00009f40: 2061 7574 686f 7220 6973 2061 7761 7265 author is aware\n-00009f50: 2074 6865 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 7320 696e the payloads in\n-00009f60: 2071 7565 7374 696f 6e20 646f 6e27 7420 question don't \n-00009f70: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6569 7468 6572 2069 support either i\n-00009f80: 6e69 7469 616c 0a72 616d 6469 736b 206f nitial.ramdisk o\n-00009f90: 7220 6469 7363 6f76 6572 696e 6720 6c6f r discovering lo\n-00009fa0: 6f70 6261 636b 2062 6f6f 7420 696e 206f opback boot in o\n-00009fb0: 7468 6572 2077 6179 2061 6e64 2061 7320 ther way and as \n-00009fc0: 7375 6368 206e 6f74 0a62 6f6f 7461 626c such not.bootabl\n-00009fd0: 6520 7468 6973 2077 6179 2e20 2050 6c65 e this way. Ple\n-00009fe0: 6173 6520 636f 6e73 6964 6572 2061 6c74 ase consider alt\n-00009ff0: 6572 6e61 7469 7665 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 ernative boot me\n-0000a000: 7468 6f64 7320 6c69 6b65 0a63 6f70 7969 thods like.copyi\n-0000a010: 6e67 2061 6c6c 2066 696c 6573 2066 726f ng all files fro\n-0000a020: 6d20 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 746f 2061 m the image to a\n-0000a030: 6374 7561 6c20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e ctual partition.\n-0000a040: 2020 436f 6e73 756c 7420 796f 7572 204f Consult your O\n-0000a050: 530a 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 S.documentation \n-0000a060: 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 6169 6c73 for more details\n-0000a070: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-0000a080: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204c 564d info, Node: LVM\n-0000a090: 2063 6163 6865 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 cache booting, \n-0000a0a0: 204e 6578 743a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 Next: OS-specif\n-0000a0b0: 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2c20 2050 7265 763a ic notes, Prev:\n-0000a0c0: 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 626f 6f74 696e Loopback bootin\n-0000a0d0: 672c 2020 5570 3a20 426f 6f74 696e 670a g, Up: Booting.\n-0000a0e0: 0a35 2e33 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f .5.3 Booting fro\n-0000a0f0: 6d20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 m LVM cache logi\n-0000a100: 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d cal volume.=====\n+00009650: 2d2d 0a0a 4f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 --..Operating sy\n+00009660: 7374 656d 7320 7468 6174 2064 6f20 6e6f stems that do no\n+00009670: 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 4d75 6c74 6962 t support Multib\n+00009680: 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 646f 206e 6f74 2068 oot and do not h\n+00009690: 6176 6520 7370 6563 6966 6963 0a73 7570 ave specific.sup\n+000096a0: 706f 7274 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2028 7370 port in GRUB (sp\n+000096b0: 6563 6966 6963 2073 7570 706f 7274 2069 ecific support i\n+000096c0: 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 666f 7220 s available for \n+000096d0: 4c69 6e75 782c 2046 7265 6542 5344 2c0a Linux, FreeBSD,.\n+000096e0: 4e65 7442 5344 2061 6e64 204f 7065 6e42 NetBSD and OpenB\n+000096f0: 5344 2920 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6368 6169 SD) must be chai\n+00009700: 6e2d 6c6f 6164 6564 2c20 7768 6963 6820 n-loaded, which \n+00009710: 696e 766f 6c76 6573 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 involves loading\n+00009720: 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 0a62 6f6f 7420 6c6f another.boot lo\n+00009730: 6164 6572 2061 6e64 206a 756d 7069 6e67 ader and jumping\n+00009740: 2074 6f20 6974 2069 6e20 7265 616c 206d to it in real m\n+00009750: 6f64 6520 6f72 2076 6961 2074 6865 2066 ode or via the f\n+00009760: 6972 6d77 6172 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 irmware... The\n+00009770: 20e2 8098 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 72e2 ...chainloader.\n+00009780: 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 .. command (*not\n+00009790: 6520 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 723a 3a29 e chainloader::)\n+000097a0: 2069 7320 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7365 7420 is used to set \n+000097b0: 7468 6973 0a75 702e 2020 4974 2069 7320 this.up. It is \n+000097c0: 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2061 6c73 6f20 6e65 normally also ne\n+000097d0: 6365 7373 6172 7920 746f 206c 6f61 6420 cessary to load \n+000097e0: 736f 6d65 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 some GRUB module\n+000097f0: 7320 616e 6420 7365 7420 7468 650a 6170 s and set the.ap\n+00009800: 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 726f 6f74 2064 propriate root d\n+00009810: 6576 6963 652e 2020 5075 7474 696e 6720 evice. Putting \n+00009820: 7468 6973 2074 6f67 6574 6865 722c 2077 this together, w\n+00009830: 6520 6765 7420 736f 6d65 7468 696e 6720 e get something \n+00009840: 6c69 6b65 0a74 6869 732c 2066 6f72 2061 like.this, for a\n+00009850: 2057 696e 646f 7773 2073 7973 7465 6d20 Windows system \n+00009860: 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 on the first par\n+00009870: 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 tition of the fi\n+00009880: 7273 7420 6861 7264 0a64 6973 6b3a 0a0a rst hard.disk:..\n+00009890: 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 2257 696e 646f menuentry \"Windo\n+000098a0: 7773 2220 7b0a 0969 6e73 6d6f 6420 6368 ws\" {..insmod ch\n+000098b0: 6169 6e0a 0969 6e73 6d6f 6420 6e74 6673 ain..insmod ntfs\n+000098c0: 0a09 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 302c ..set root=(hd0,\n+000098d0: 3129 0a09 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 1)..chainloader \n+000098e0: 2b31 0a7d 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 7379 7374 +1.}.. On syst\n+000098f0: 656d 7320 7769 7468 206d 756c 7469 706c ems with multipl\n+00009900: 6520 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b73 2c20 616e e hard disks, an\n+00009910: 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 776f 726b additional work\n+00009920: 6172 6f75 6e64 206d 6179 2062 650a 7265 around may be.re\n+00009930: 7175 6972 6564 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2044 quired. *Note D\n+00009940: 4f53 2f57 696e 646f 7773 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 OS/Windows::... \n+00009950: 2020 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 Chain-loading \n+00009960: 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7465 is only supporte\n+00009970: 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2061 6e64 d on PC BIOS and\n+00009980: 2045 4649 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2e0a EFI platforms..\n+00009990: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+000099a0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204c 6f6f 7062 fo, Node: Loopb\n+000099b0: 6163 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 4e65 ack booting, Ne\n+000099c0: 7874 3a20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 626f xt: LVM cache bo\n+000099d0: 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4765 oting, Prev: Ge\n+000099e0: 6e65 7261 6c20 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f neral boot metho\n+000099f0: 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 ds, Up: Booting\n+00009a00: 0a0a 352e 3220 4c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2062 ..5.2 Loopback b\n+00009a10: 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ooting.=========\n+00009a20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 ===========..GRU\n+00009a30: 4220 6973 2061 626c 6520 746f 2072 6561 B is able to rea\n+00009a40: 6420 6672 6f6d 2061 6e20 696d 6167 6520 d from an image \n+00009a50: 2862 6520 6974 206f 6e65 206f 6620 4344 (be it one of CD\n+00009a60: 206f 7220 4844 4429 2073 746f 7265 6420 or HDD) stored \n+00009a70: 6f6e 0a61 6e79 206f 6620 6974 7320 6163 on.any of its ac\n+00009a80: 6365 7373 6962 6c65 2073 746f 7261 6765 cessible storage\n+00009a90: 7320 2872 6566 6572 2074 6f20 2a6e 6f74 s (refer to *not\n+00009aa0: 6520 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 3a3a 2063 6f6d e loopback:: com\n+00009ab0: 6d61 6e64 292e 0a48 6f77 6576 6572 2074 mand)..However t\n+00009ac0: 6865 204f 5320 6974 7365 6c66 2073 686f he OS itself sho\n+00009ad0: 756c 6420 6265 2061 626c 6520 746f 2066 uld be able to f\n+00009ae0: 696e 6420 6974 7320 726f 6f74 2e20 2054 ind its root. T\n+00009af0: 6869 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 790a 696e 766f his usually.invo\n+00009b00: 6c76 6573 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2061 2075 lves running a u\n+00009b10: 7365 7273 7061 6365 2070 726f 6772 616d serspace program\n+00009b20: 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2062 6566 6f72 6520 running before \n+00009b30: 7468 6520 7265 616c 2072 6f6f 7420 6973 the real root is\n+00009b40: 0a64 6973 636f 7665 7265 642e 2020 5468 .discovered. Th\n+00009b50: 6973 2069 7320 6163 6869 6576 6564 2062 is is achieved b\n+00009b60: 7920 4752 5542 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 y GRUB loading a\n+00009b70: 2073 7065 6369 616c 6c79 206d 6164 6520 specially made \n+00009b80: 736d 616c 6c0a 696d 6167 6520 616e 6420 small.image and \n+00009b90: 7061 7373 696e 6720 6974 2061 7320 7261 passing it as ra\n+00009ba0: 6d64 6973 6b20 746f 2074 6865 206b 6572 mdisk to the ker\n+00009bb0: 6e65 6c2e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6163 nel. This is ac\n+00009bc0: 6869 6576 6564 2062 790a 636f 6d6d 616e hieved by.comman\n+00009bd0: 6473 20e2 8098 6b66 7265 6562 7364 5f6d ds ...kfreebsd_m\n+00009be0: 6f64 756c 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 986b 6e65 odule..., ...kne\n+00009bf0: 7462 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c 655f 656c 66e2 tbsd_module_elf.\n+00009c00: 8099 2c20 e280 986b 6f70 656e 6273 645f .., ...kopenbsd_\n+00009c10: 7261 6d64 6973 6be2 8099 2c0a e280 9869 ramdisk...,....i\n+00009c20: 6e69 7472 64e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 nitrd... (*note \n+00009c30: 696e 6974 7264 3a3a 292c 20e2 8098 696e initrd::), ...in\n+00009c40: 6974 7264 3136 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 itrd16... (*note\n+00009c50: 2069 6e69 7472 6431 363a 3a29 2c0a e280 initrd16::),...\n+00009c60: 986d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 5f6d 6f64 756c .multiboot_modul\n+00009c70: 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 986d 756c 7469 626f e..., ...multibo\n+00009c80: 6f74 325f 6d6f 6475 6c65 e280 9920 6f72 ot2_module... or\n+00009c90: 20e2 8098 786e 755f 7261 6d64 6973 6be2 ...xnu_ramdisk.\n+00009ca0: 8099 2064 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e0a .. depending on.\n+00009cb0: 7468 6520 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 204e 6f74 the loader. Not\n+00009cc0: 6520 7468 6174 2066 6f72 206b 6e65 7462 e that for knetb\n+00009cd0: 7364 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 206d 7573 sd the image mus\n+00009ce0: 7420 6265 2070 7574 2069 6e73 6964 650a t be put inside.\n+00009cf0: 6d69 6e69 726f 6f74 2e6b 6d6f 6420 616e miniroot.kmod an\n+00009d00: 6420 7468 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 6d69 6e69 d the whole mini\n+00009d10: 726f 6f74 2e6b 6d6f 6420 6861 7320 746f root.kmod has to\n+00009d20: 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 2e20 2049 6e20 be loaded. In \n+00009d30: 6b6f 7065 6e62 7364 0a70 6179 6c6f 6164 kopenbsd.payload\n+00009d40: 2074 6869 7320 6973 2064 6973 6162 6c65 this is disable\n+00009d50: 6420 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2e20 2041 d by default. A\n+00009d60: 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 792c 2062 6568 dditionally, beh\n+00009d70: 6176 696f 7572 206f 6620 696e 6974 6961 aviour of initia\n+00009d80: 6c0a 7261 6d64 6973 6b20 6465 7065 6e64 l.ramdisk depend\n+00009d90: 7320 6f6e 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e s on command lin\n+00009da0: 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 5365 7665 e options. Seve\n+00009db0: 7261 6c20 6469 7374 7269 6275 746f 7273 ral distributors\n+00009dc0: 2070 726f 7669 6465 0a74 6865 2069 6d61 provide.the ima\n+00009dd0: 6765 2066 6f72 2074 6869 7320 7075 7270 ge for this purp\n+00009de0: 6f73 6520 6f72 2069 7427 7320 696e 7465 ose or it's inte\n+00009df0: 6772 6174 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6569 7220 grated in their \n+00009e00: 7374 616e 6461 7264 2072 616d 6469 736b standard ramdisk\n+00009e10: 0a61 6e64 2061 6374 6976 6174 6564 2062 .and activated b\n+00009e20: 7920 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6f70 7469 6f6e y special option\n+00009e30: 2e20 2043 6f6e 7375 6c74 2079 6f75 7220 . Consult your \n+00009e40: 6b65 726e 656c 2061 6e64 2064 6973 7472 kernel and distr\n+00009e50: 6962 7574 696f 6e0a 6d61 6e75 616c 2066 ibution.manual f\n+00009e60: 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6465 7461 696c 732e or more details.\n+00009e70: 2020 4f74 6865 7220 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 Other loaders \n+00009e80: 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 6170 706c 656c 6f61 like ...appleloa\n+00009e90: 6465 72e2 8099 2c0a e280 9863 6861 696e der...,....chain\n+00009ea0: 6c6f 6164 6572 e280 9920 2842 494f 532c loader... (BIOS,\n+00009eb0: 2045 4649 2c20 636f 7265 626f 6f74 292c EFI, coreboot),\n+00009ec0: 20e2 8098 6672 6565 646f 73e2 8099 2c20 ...freedos..., \n+00009ed0: e280 986e 746c 6472 e280 992c 20e2 8098 ...ntldr..., ...\n+00009ee0: 706c 616e 39e2 8099 2061 6e64 0ae2 8098 plan9... and....\n+00009ef0: 7472 7565 6372 7970 74e2 8099 2070 726f truecrypt... pro\n+00009f00: 7669 6465 206e 6f20 706f 7373 6962 696c vide no possibil\n+00009f10: 6974 7920 6f66 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2069 ity of loading i\n+00009f20: 6e69 7469 616c 2072 616d 6469 736b 2061 nitial ramdisk a\n+00009f30: 6e64 2061 7320 6661 720a 6173 2061 7574 nd as far.as aut\n+00009f40: 686f 7220 6973 2061 7761 7265 2074 6865 hor is aware the\n+00009f50: 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 7320 696e 2071 7565 payloads in que\n+00009f60: 7374 696f 6e20 646f 6e27 7420 7375 7070 stion don't supp\n+00009f70: 6f72 7420 6569 7468 6572 2069 6e69 7469 ort either initi\n+00009f80: 616c 0a72 616d 6469 736b 206f 7220 6469 al.ramdisk or di\n+00009f90: 7363 6f76 6572 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 6261 scovering loopba\n+00009fa0: 636b 2062 6f6f 7420 696e 206f 7468 6572 ck boot in other\n+00009fb0: 2077 6179 2061 6e64 2061 7320 7375 6368 way and as such\n+00009fc0: 206e 6f74 0a62 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 7468 not.bootable th\n+00009fd0: 6973 2077 6179 2e20 2050 6c65 6173 6520 is way. Please \n+00009fe0: 636f 6e73 6964 6572 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 consider alterna\n+00009ff0: 7469 7665 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 tive boot method\n+0000a000: 7320 6c69 6b65 0a63 6f70 7969 6e67 2061 s like.copying a\n+0000a010: 6c6c 2066 696c 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7468 ll files from th\n+0000a020: 6520 696d 6167 6520 746f 2061 6374 7561 e image to actua\n+0000a030: 6c20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 436f l partition. Co\n+0000a040: 6e73 756c 7420 796f 7572 204f 530a 646f nsult your OS.do\n+0000a050: 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 666f 7220 cumentation for \n+0000a060: 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 6169 6c73 2e0a 0a1f more details....\n+0000a070: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0000a080: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204c 564d 2063 6163 , Node: LVM cac\n+0000a090: 6865 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 he booting, Nex\n+0000a0a0: 743a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e t: OS-specific n\n+0000a0b0: 6f74 6573 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204c 6f6f otes, Prev: Loo\n+0000a0c0: 7062 6163 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 pback booting, \n+0000a0d0: 5570 3a20 426f 6f74 696e 670a 0a35 2e33 Up: Booting..5.3\n+0000a0e0: 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 Booting from LV\n+0000a0f0: 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 M cache logical \n+0000a100: 766f 6c75 6d65 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d volume.=========\n 0000a110: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 0000a120: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0000a130: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 4c56 4d20 6361 ====..The LVM ca\n-0000a140: 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 che logical volu\n-0000a150: 6d65 2069 7320 7468 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 me is the logica\n-0000a160: 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 l volume consist\n-0000a170: 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 0a6f 7269 6769 ing of the.origi\n-0000a180: 6e61 6c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 6361 6368 nal and the cach\n-0000a190: 6520 706f 6f6c 206c 6f67 6963 616c 2076 e pool logical v\n-0000a1a0: 6f6c 756d 652e 2020 5468 6520 6f72 6967 olume. The orig\n-0000a1b0: 696e 616c 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 inal is usually \n-0000a1c0: 6f6e 0a61 206c 6172 6765 7220 616e 6420 on.a larger and \n-0000a1d0: 736c 6f77 6572 2073 746f 7261 6765 2064 slower storage d\n-0000a1e0: 6576 6963 6520 7768 696c 6520 7468 6520 evice while the \n-0000a1f0: 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 2069 7320 6f6e cache pool is on\n-0000a200: 2061 2073 6d61 6c6c 6572 0a61 6e64 2066 a smaller.and f\n-0000a210: 6173 7465 7220 6f6e 652e 2020 5468 6520 aster one. The \n-0000a220: 7065 7266 6f72 6d61 6e63 6520 6f66 2074 performance of t\n-0000a230: 6865 206f 7269 6769 6e61 6c20 766f 6c75 he original volu\n-0000a240: 6d65 2063 616e 2062 6520 696d 7072 6f76 me can be improv\n-0000a250: 6564 0a62 7920 7374 6f72 696e 6720 7468 ed.by storing th\n-0000a260: 6520 6672 6571 7565 6e74 6c79 2075 7365 e frequently use\n-0000a270: 6420 6461 7461 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6361 d data on the ca\n-0000a280: 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 2074 6f20 7574 696c che pool to util\n-0000a290: 697a 6520 7468 650a 6772 6561 7465 7220 ize the.greater \n-0000a2a0: 7065 7266 6f72 6d61 6e63 6520 6f66 2066 performance of f\n-0000a2b0: 6173 7465 7220 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 aster device... \n-0000a2c0: 2020 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7473 2066 726f GRUB boots fro\n-0000a2d0: 6d20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 m LVM cache logi\n-0000a2e0: 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 206d 6572 656c cal volume merel\n-0000a2f0: 7920 6279 2072 6561 6469 6e67 2069 7427 y by reading it'\n-0000a300: 730a 6f72 6967 696e 616c 206c 6f67 6963 s.original logic\n-0000a310: 616c 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 736f 2074 6861 al volume so tha\n-0000a320: 7420 6469 7274 7920 6461 7461 2069 6e20 t dirty data in \n-0000a330: 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 2076 6f6c 756d cache pool volum\n-0000a340: 6520 6973 0a64 6973 7265 6761 7264 6564 e is.disregarded\n-0000a350: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 206e 6f74 2061 . This is not a\n-0000a360: 2070 726f 626c 656d 2066 6f72 2022 7772 problem for \"wr\n-0000a370: 6974 6574 6872 6f75 6768 2220 6361 6368 itethrough\" cach\n-0000a380: 6520 6d6f 6465 2061 7320 6974 0a65 6e73 e mode as it.ens\n-0000a390: 7572 6573 2074 6861 7420 616e 7920 6461 ures that any da\n-0000a3a0: 7461 2077 7269 7474 656e 2077 696c 6c20 ta written will \n-0000a3b0: 6265 2073 746f 7265 6420 626f 7468 206f be stored both o\n-0000a3c0: 6e20 7468 6520 6361 6368 6520 616e 6420 n the cache and \n-0000a3d0: 7468 650a 6f72 6967 696e 204c 562e 2046 the.origin LV. F\n-0000a3e0: 6f72 2074 6865 206f 7468 6572 2063 6163 or the other cac\n-0000a3f0: 6865 206d 6f64 6520 2277 7269 7465 6261 he mode \"writeba\n-0000a400: 636b 222c 2077 6869 6368 2064 656c 6179 ck\", which delay\n-0000a410: 7320 7772 6974 696e 670a 6672 6f6d 2074 s writing.from t\n-0000a420: 6865 2063 6163 6865 2070 6f6f 6c20 6261 he cache pool ba\n-0000a430: 636b 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6f72 6967 696e ck to the origin\n-0000a440: 204c 5620 746f 2062 6f6f 7374 2070 6572 LV to boost per\n-0000a450: 666f 726d 616e 6365 2c20 4752 5542 206d formance, GRUB m\n-0000a460: 6179 0a66 6169 6c20 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 ay.fail to boot \n-0000a470: 696e 2074 6865 2077 616b 6520 6f66 2061 in the wake of a\n-0000a480: 6363 6964 656e 7461 6c20 706f 7765 7220 ccidental power \n-0000a490: 6f75 7461 6765 2064 7565 2074 6f20 6974 outage due to it\n-0000a4a0: 2773 0a69 6e61 6269 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 's.inability to \n-0000a4b0: 6173 7365 6d62 6c65 2074 6865 2063 6163 assemble the cac\n-0000a4c0: 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 666f 7220 7265 he device for re\n-0000a4d0: 6164 696e 6720 7468 6520 7265 7175 6972 ading the requir\n-0000a4e0: 6564 2064 6972 7479 0a64 6174 6120 6c65 ed dirty.data le\n-0000a4f0: 6674 2062 6568 696e 642e 2020 5468 6520 ft behind. The \n-0000a500: 7369 7475 6174 696f 6e20 7769 6c6c 2062 situation will b\n-0000a510: 6520 696d 7072 6f76 6564 2061 6674 6572 e improved after\n-0000a520: 2061 6464 696e 6720 6675 6c6c 0a73 7570 adding full.sup\n-0000a530: 706f 7274 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4c56 4d20 port to the LVM \n-0000a540: 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f cache logical vo\n-0000a550: 6c75 6d65 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6675 7475 lume in the futu\n-0000a560: 7265 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 re.....File: gru\n-0000a570: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204f b.info, Node: O\n-0000a580: 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 S-specific notes\n-0000a590: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204c 564d 2063 6163 , Prev: LVM cac\n-0000a5a0: 6865 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 703a he booting, Up:\n-0000a5b0: 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a0a 352e 3420 536f Booting..5.4 So\n-0000a5c0: 6d65 2063 6176 6561 7473 206f 6e20 4f53 me caveats on OS\n-0000a5d0: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6973 7375 6573 -specific issues\n-0000a5e0: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n+0000a130: 0a0a 5468 6520 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 ..The LVM cache \n+0000a140: 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 2069 logical volume i\n+0000a150: 7320 7468 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f s the logical vo\n+0000a160: 6c75 6d65 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 696e 6720 lume consisting \n+0000a170: 6f66 2074 6865 0a6f 7269 6769 6e61 6c20 of the.original \n+0000a180: 616e 6420 7468 6520 6361 6368 6520 706f and the cache po\n+0000a190: 6f6c 206c 6f67 6963 616c 2076 6f6c 756d ol logical volum\n+0000a1a0: 652e 2020 5468 6520 6f72 6967 696e 616c e. The original\n+0000a1b0: 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6f6e 0a61 is usually on.a\n+0000a1c0: 206c 6172 6765 7220 616e 6420 736c 6f77 larger and slow\n+0000a1d0: 6572 2073 746f 7261 6765 2064 6576 6963 er storage devic\n+0000a1e0: 6520 7768 696c 6520 7468 6520 6361 6368 e while the cach\n+0000a1f0: 6520 706f 6f6c 2069 7320 6f6e 2061 2073 e pool is on a s\n+0000a200: 6d61 6c6c 6572 0a61 6e64 2066 6173 7465 maller.and faste\n+0000a210: 7220 6f6e 652e 2020 5468 6520 7065 7266 r one. The perf\n+0000a220: 6f72 6d61 6e63 6520 6f66 2074 6865 206f ormance of the o\n+0000a230: 7269 6769 6e61 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 2063 riginal volume c\n+0000a240: 616e 2062 6520 696d 7072 6f76 6564 0a62 an be improved.b\n+0000a250: 7920 7374 6f72 696e 6720 7468 6520 6672 y storing the fr\n+0000a260: 6571 7565 6e74 6c79 2075 7365 6420 6461 equently used da\n+0000a270: 7461 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6361 6368 6520 ta on the cache \n+0000a280: 706f 6f6c 2074 6f20 7574 696c 697a 6520 pool to utilize \n+0000a290: 7468 650a 6772 6561 7465 7220 7065 7266 the.greater perf\n+0000a2a0: 6f72 6d61 6e63 6520 6f66 2066 6173 7465 ormance of faste\n+0000a2b0: 7220 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 4752 r device... GR\n+0000a2c0: 5542 2062 6f6f 7473 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 UB boots from LV\n+0000a2d0: 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 M cache logical \n+0000a2e0: 766f 6c75 6d65 206d 6572 656c 7920 6279 volume merely by\n+0000a2f0: 2072 6561 6469 6e67 2069 7427 730a 6f72 reading it's.or\n+0000a300: 6967 696e 616c 206c 6f67 6963 616c 2076 iginal logical v\n+0000a310: 6f6c 756d 6520 736f 2074 6861 7420 6469 olume so that di\n+0000a320: 7274 7920 6461 7461 2069 6e20 6361 6368 rty data in cach\n+0000a330: 6520 706f 6f6c 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 6973 e pool volume is\n+0000a340: 0a64 6973 7265 6761 7264 6564 2e20 2054 .disregarded. T\n+0000a350: 6869 7320 6973 206e 6f74 2061 2070 726f his is not a pro\n+0000a360: 626c 656d 2066 6f72 2022 7772 6974 6574 blem for \"writet\n+0000a370: 6872 6f75 6768 2220 6361 6368 6520 6d6f hrough\" cache mo\n+0000a380: 6465 2061 7320 6974 0a65 6e73 7572 6573 de as it.ensures\n+0000a390: 2074 6861 7420 616e 7920 6461 7461 2077 that any data w\n+0000a3a0: 7269 7474 656e 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 ritten will be s\n+0000a3b0: 746f 7265 6420 626f 7468 206f 6e20 7468 tored both on th\n+0000a3c0: 6520 6361 6368 6520 616e 6420 7468 650a e cache and the.\n+0000a3d0: 6f72 6967 696e 204c 562e 2046 6f72 2074 origin LV. For t\n+0000a3e0: 6865 206f 7468 6572 2063 6163 6865 206d he other cache m\n+0000a3f0: 6f64 6520 2277 7269 7465 6261 636b 222c ode \"writeback\",\n+0000a400: 2077 6869 6368 2064 656c 6179 7320 7772 which delays wr\n+0000a410: 6974 696e 670a 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2063 iting.from the c\n+0000a420: 6163 6865 2070 6f6f 6c20 6261 636b 2074 ache pool back t\n+0000a430: 6f20 7468 6520 6f72 6967 696e 204c 5620 o the origin LV \n+0000a440: 746f 2062 6f6f 7374 2070 6572 666f 726d to boost perform\n+0000a450: 616e 6365 2c20 4752 5542 206d 6179 0a66 ance, GRUB may.f\n+0000a460: 6169 6c20 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 696e 2074 ail to boot in t\n+0000a470: 6865 2077 616b 6520 6f66 2061 6363 6964 he wake of accid\n+0000a480: 656e 7461 6c20 706f 7765 7220 6f75 7461 ental power outa\n+0000a490: 6765 2064 7565 2074 6f20 6974 2773 0a69 ge due to it's.i\n+0000a4a0: 6e61 6269 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 6173 7365 nability to asse\n+0000a4b0: 6d62 6c65 2074 6865 2063 6163 6865 2064 mble the cache d\n+0000a4c0: 6576 6963 6520 666f 7220 7265 6164 696e evice for readin\n+0000a4d0: 6720 7468 6520 7265 7175 6972 6564 2064 g the required d\n+0000a4e0: 6972 7479 0a64 6174 6120 6c65 6674 2062 irty.data left b\n+0000a4f0: 6568 696e 642e 2020 5468 6520 7369 7475 ehind. The situ\n+0000a500: 6174 696f 6e20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 696d ation will be im\n+0000a510: 7072 6f76 6564 2061 6674 6572 2061 6464 proved after add\n+0000a520: 696e 6720 6675 6c6c 0a73 7570 706f 7274 ing full.support\n+0000a530: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 to the LVM cach\n+0000a540: 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 e logical volume\n+0000a550: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6675 7475 7265 2e0a in the future..\n+0000a560: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0000a570: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204f 532d 7370 fo, Node: OS-sp\n+0000a580: 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2c20 2050 ecific notes, P\n+0000a590: 7265 763a 204c 564d 2063 6163 6865 2062 rev: LVM cache b\n+0000a5a0: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2042 6f6f ooting, Up: Boo\n+0000a5b0: 7469 6e67 0a0a 352e 3420 536f 6d65 2063 ting..5.4 Some c\n+0000a5c0: 6176 6561 7473 206f 6e20 4f53 2d73 7065 aveats on OS-spe\n+0000a5d0: 6369 6669 6320 6973 7375 6573 0a3d 3d3d cific issues.===\n+0000a5e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 0000a5f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0000a600: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a48 6572 652c 2077 =======..Here, w\n-0000a610: 6520 6465 7363 7269 6265 2073 6f6d 6520 e describe some \n-0000a620: 6361 7665 6174 7320 6f6e 2073 6576 6572 caveats on sever\n-0000a630: 616c 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 al operating sys\n-0000a640: 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a tems...* Menu:..\n-0000a650: 2a20 474e 552f 4875 7264 3a3a 0a2a 2047 * GNU/Hurd::.* G\n-0000a660: 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 3a3a 0a2a 204e 6574 NU/Linux::.* Net\n-0000a670: 4253 443a 3a0a 2a20 444f 532f 5769 6e64 BSD::.* DOS/Wind\n-0000a680: 6f77 733a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ows::....File: g\n-0000a690: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0000a6a0: 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 642c 2020 4e65 7874 GNU/Hurd, Next\n-0000a6b0: 3a20 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 782c 2020 5570 : GNU/Linux, Up\n-0000a6c0: 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6e6f : OS-specific no\n-0000a6d0: 7465 730a 0a35 2e34 2e31 2047 4e55 2f48 tes..5.4.1 GNU/H\n-0000a6e0: 7572 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d urd.------------\n-0000a6f0: 2d2d 0a0a 5369 6e63 6520 474e 552f 4875 --..Since GNU/Hu\n-0000a700: 7264 2069 7320 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742d rd is Multiboot-\n-0000a710: 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 742c 2069 7420 6973 compliant, it is\n-0000a720: 2065 6173 7920 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 6974 easy to boot it\n-0000a730: 3b20 7468 6572 6520 6973 0a6e 6f74 6869 ; there is.nothi\n-0000a740: 6e67 2073 7065 6369 616c 2061 626f 7574 ng special about\n-0000a750: 2069 742e 2020 4275 7420 646f 206e 6f74 it. But do not\n-0000a760: 2066 6f72 6765 7420 7468 6174 2079 6f75 forget that you\n-0000a770: 2068 6176 6520 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 have to specify\n-0000a780: 2061 0a72 6f6f 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f a.root partitio\n-0000a790: 6e20 746f 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e n to the kernel.\n-0000a7a0: 0a0a 2020 312e 2053 6574 2047 5255 4227 .. 1. Set GRUB'\n-0000a7b0: 7320 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 746f s root device to\n-0000a7c0: 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6472 6976 6520 the same drive \n-0000a7d0: 6173 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 6427 732e 2020 as GNU/Hurd's. \n-0000a7e0: 5468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 The. command\n-0000a7f0: 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 ...search --set\n-0000a800: 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6669 6c65 202f 626f =root --file /bo\n-0000a810: 6f74 2f67 6e75 6d61 6368 2e67 7ae2 8099 ot/gnumach.gz...\n-0000a820: 206f 7220 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 6d61 790a or similar may.\n-0000a830: 2020 2020 2068 656c 7020 796f 7520 282a help you (*\n-0000a840: 6e6f 7465 2073 6561 7263 683a 3a29 2e0a note search::)..\n-0000a850: 0a20 2032 2e20 4c6f 6164 2074 6865 206b . 2. Load the k\n-0000a860: 6572 6e65 6c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 6d6f ernel and the mo\n-0000a870: 6475 6c65 732c 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 dules, like this\n-0000a880: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 :.. gru\n-0000a890: 623e 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 202f 626f b> multiboot /bo\n-0000a8a0: 6f74 2f67 6e75 6d61 6368 2e67 7a20 726f ot/gnumach.gz ro\n-0000a8b0: 6f74 3d64 6576 6963 653a 6864 3073 310a ot=device:hd0s1.\n-0000a8c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 grub> \n-0000a8d0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2020 2f68 7572 642f 6578 module /hurd/ex\n-0000a8e0: 7432 6673 2e73 7461 7469 6320 6578 7432 t2fs.static ext2\n-0000a8f0: 6673 202d 2d72 6561 646f 6e6c 7920 5c0a fs --readonly \\.\n+0000a600: 3d3d 3d0a 0a48 6572 652c 2077 6520 6465 ===..Here, we de\n+0000a610: 7363 7269 6265 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 7665 scribe some cave\n+0000a620: 6174 7320 6f6e 2073 6576 6572 616c 206f ats on several o\n+0000a630: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 perating systems\n+0000a640: 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 474e ...* Menu:..* GN\n+0000a650: 552f 4875 7264 3a3a 0a2a 2047 4e55 2f4c U/Hurd::.* GNU/L\n+0000a660: 696e 7578 3a3a 0a2a 204e 6574 4253 443a inux::.* NetBSD:\n+0000a670: 3a0a 2a20 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 733a :.* DOS/Windows:\n+0000a680: 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e :....File: grub.\n+0000a690: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2047 4e55 info, Node: GNU\n+0000a6a0: 2f48 7572 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 474e /Hurd, Next: GN\n+0000a6b0: 552f 4c69 6e75 782c 2020 5570 3a20 4f53 U/Linux, Up: OS\n+0000a6c0: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 730a -specific notes.\n+0000a6d0: 0a35 2e34 2e31 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 640a .5.4.1 GNU/Hurd.\n+0000a6e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+0000a6f0: 5369 6e63 6520 474e 552f 4875 7264 2069 Since GNU/Hurd i\n+0000a700: 7320 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742d 636f 6d70 s Multiboot-comp\n+0000a710: 6c69 616e 742c 2069 7420 6973 2065 6173 liant, it is eas\n+0000a720: 7920 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 6974 3b20 7468 y to boot it; th\n+0000a730: 6572 6520 6973 0a6e 6f74 6869 6e67 2073 ere is.nothing s\n+0000a740: 7065 6369 616c 2061 626f 7574 2069 742e pecial about it.\n+0000a750: 2020 4275 7420 646f 206e 6f74 2066 6f72 But do not for\n+0000a760: 6765 7420 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2068 6176 get that you hav\n+0000a770: 6520 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 0a72 e to specify a.r\n+0000a780: 6f6f 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 746f oot partition to\n+0000a790: 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 0a0a 2020 the kernel... \n+0000a7a0: 312e 2053 6574 2047 5255 4227 7320 726f 1. Set GRUB's ro\n+0000a7b0: 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 746f 2074 6865 ot device to the\n+0000a7c0: 2073 616d 6520 6472 6976 6520 6173 2047 same drive as G\n+0000a7d0: 4e55 2f48 7572 6427 732e 2020 5468 650a NU/Hurd's. The.\n+0000a7e0: 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 command ...\n+0000a7f0: 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f search --set=roo\n+0000a800: 7420 2d2d 6669 6c65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 t --file /boot/g\n+0000a810: 6e75 6d61 6368 2e67 7ae2 8099 206f 7220 numach.gz... or \n+0000a820: 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 6d61 790a 2020 2020 similar may. \n+0000a830: 2068 656c 7020 796f 7520 282a 6e6f 7465 help you (*note\n+0000a840: 2073 6561 7263 683a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2032 search::)... 2\n+0000a850: 2e20 4c6f 6164 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 . Load the kerne\n+0000a860: 6c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 l and the module\n+0000a870: 732c 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 s, like this:.. \n+0000a880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 206d grub> m\n+0000a890: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 ultiboot /boot/g\n+0000a8a0: 6e75 6d61 6368 2e67 7a20 726f 6f74 3d64 numach.gz root=d\n+0000a8b0: 6576 6963 653a 6864 3073 310a 2020 2020 evice:hd0s1. \n+0000a8c0: 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6d6f 6475 grub> modu\n+0000a8d0: 6c65 2020 2f68 7572 642f 6578 7432 6673 le /hurd/ext2fs\n+0000a8e0: 2e73 7461 7469 6320 6578 7432 6673 202d .static ext2fs -\n+0000a8f0: 2d72 6561 646f 6e6c 7920 5c0a 2020 2020 -readonly \\. \n 0000a900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d 2d6d --m\n-0000a920: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ultiboot-command\n-0000a930: 2d6c 696e 653d 2724 7b6b 6572 6e65 6c2d -line='${kernel-\n-0000a940: 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 7d27 205c command-line}' \\\n-0000a950: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-0000a960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2d2d --\n-0000a970: 686f 7374 2d70 7269 762d 706f 7274 3d27 host-priv-port='\n-0000a980: 247b 686f 7374 2d70 6f72 747d 2720 5c0a ${host-port}' \\.\n+0000a910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d 2d6d 756c 7469 --multi\n+0000a920: 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e boot-command-lin\n+0000a930: 653d 2724 7b6b 6572 6e65 6c2d 636f 6d6d e='${kernel-comm\n+0000a940: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 7d27 205c 0a20 2020 and-line}' \\. \n+0000a950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000a960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2d2d 686f 7374 --host\n+0000a970: 2d70 7269 762d 706f 7274 3d27 247b 686f -priv-port='${ho\n+0000a980: 7374 2d70 6f72 747d 2720 5c0a 2020 2020 st-port}' \\. \n 0000a990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a9a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d 2d64 --d\n-0000a9b0: 6576 6963 652d 6d61 7374 6572 2d70 6f72 evice-master-por\n-0000a9c0: 743d 2724 7b64 6576 6963 652d 706f 7274 t='${device-port\n-0000a9d0: 7d27 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 }' \\. \n-0000a9e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a9f0: 2020 2d2d 6578 6563 2d73 6572 7665 722d --exec-server-\n-0000aa00: 7461 736b 3d27 247b 6578 6563 2d74 6173 task='${exec-tas\n-0000aa10: 6b7d 2720 2d54 2074 7970 6564 2027 247b k}' -T typed '${\n-0000aa20: 726f 6f74 7d27 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 root}' \\. \n+0000a9a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d 2d64 6576 6963 --devic\n+0000a9b0: 652d 6d61 7374 6572 2d70 6f72 743d 2724 e-master-port='$\n+0000a9c0: 7b64 6576 6963 652d 706f 7274 7d27 205c {device-port}' \\\n+0000a9d0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0000a9e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2d2d --\n+0000a9f0: 6578 6563 2d73 6572 7665 722d 7461 736b exec-server-task\n+0000aa00: 3d27 247b 6578 6563 2d74 6173 6b7d 2720 ='${exec-task}' \n+0000aa10: 2d54 2074 7970 6564 2027 247b 726f 6f74 -T typed '${root\n+0000aa20: 7d27 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 }' \\. \n 0000aa30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000aa40: 2020 2020 2020 2724 2874 6173 6b2d 6372 '$(task-cr\n-0000aa50: 6561 7465 2927 2027 2428 7461 736b 2d72 eate)' '$(task-r\n-0000aa60: 6573 756d 6529 270a 2020 2020 2020 2020 esume)'. \n-0000aa70: 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6d6f 6475 6c65 202f grub> module /\n-0000aa80: 6c69 622f 6c64 2e73 6f2e 3120 6578 6563 lib/ld.so.1 exec\n-0000aa90: 202f 6875 7264 2f65 7865 6320 2724 2865 /hurd/exec '$(e\n-0000aaa0: 7865 632d 7461 736b 3d74 6173 6b2d 6372 xec-task=task-cr\n-0000aab0: 6561 7465 2927 0a0a 2020 332e 2046 696e eate)'.. 3. Fin\n-0000aac0: 616c 6c79 2c20 7275 6e20 7468 6520 636f ally, run the co\n-0000aad0: 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 mmand ...boot...\n-0000aae0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 626f 6f74 3a3a 292e (*note boot::).\n-0000aaf0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0000ab00: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 474e 552f nfo, Node: GNU/\n-0000ab10: 4c69 6e75 782c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4e65 Linux, Next: Ne\n-0000ab20: 7442 5344 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 4e55 tBSD, Prev: GNU\n-0000ab30: 2f48 7572 642c 2020 5570 3a20 4f53 2d73 /Hurd, Up: OS-s\n-0000ab40: 7065 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 730a 0a35 pecific notes..5\n-0000ab50: 2e34 2e32 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 0a2d .4.2 GNU/Linux.-\n-0000ab60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-0000ab70: 4974 2069 7320 7265 6c61 7469 7665 6c79 It is relatively\n-0000ab80: 2065 6173 7920 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 474e easy to boot GN\n-0000ab90: 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 U/Linux from GRU\n-0000aba0: 422c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2069 7420 736f B, because it so\n-0000abb0: 6d65 7768 6174 0a72 6573 656d 626c 6573 mewhat.resembles\n-0000abc0: 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2061 204d 756c 7469 to boot a Multi\n-0000abd0: 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 204f boot-compliant O\n-0000abe0: 532e 0a0a 2020 312e 2053 6574 2047 5255 S... 1. Set GRU\n-0000abf0: 4227 7320 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 B's root device \n-0000ac00: 746f 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6472 6976 to the same driv\n-0000ac10: 6520 6173 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2773 e as GNU/Linux's\n-0000ac20: 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d . The. comm\n-0000ac30: 616e 6420 e280 9873 6561 7263 6820 2d2d and ...search --\n-0000ac40: 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d66 696c 6520 set=root --file \n-0000ac50: 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a e280 9920 6f72 2073 /vmlinuz... or s\n-0000ac60: 696d 696c 6172 206d 6179 2068 656c 7020 imilar may help \n-0000ac70: 796f 750a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 you. (*note \n-0000ac80: 7365 6172 6368 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 322e search::)... 2.\n-0000ac90: 204c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c Load the kernel\n-0000aca0: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 using the comma\n-0000acb0: 6e64 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 78e2 8099 2028 nd ...linux... (\n-0000acc0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 783a 3a29 3a0a *note linux::):.\n-0000acd0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e . grub>\n-0000ace0: 206c 696e 7578 202f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a20 linux /vmlinuz \n-0000acf0: 726f 6f74 3d2f 6465 762f 7364 6131 0a0a root=/dev/sda1..\n-0000ad00: 2020 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 6e65 6564 If you need\n-0000ad10: 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 736f 6d65 to specify some\n-0000ad20: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 kernel paramete\n-0000ad30: 7273 2c20 6a75 7374 2061 7070 656e 6420 rs, just append \n-0000ad40: 7468 656d 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 them to. the\n-0000ad50: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 command. For e\n-0000ad60: 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 746f 2073 6574 20e2 xample, to set .\n-0000ad70: 8098 6163 7069 e280 9920 746f 20e2 8098 ..acpi... to ...\n-0000ad80: 6f66 66e2 8099 2c20 646f 2074 6869 733a off..., do this:\n-0000ad90: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 .. grub\n-0000ada0: 3e20 6c69 6e75 7820 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a > linux /vmlinuz\n-0000adb0: 2072 6f6f 743d 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 3120 root=/dev/sda1 \n-0000adc0: 6163 7069 3d6f 6666 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 acpi=off.. S\n-0000add0: 6565 2074 6865 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7461 ee the documenta\n-0000ade0: 7469 6f6e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 tion in the Linu\n-0000adf0: 7820 736f 7572 6365 2074 7265 6520 666f x source tree fo\n-0000ae00: 7220 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 0a20 2020 2020 r complete. \n-0000ae10: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2074 information on t\n-0000ae20: 6865 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 7074 he available opt\n-0000ae30: 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 ions... With\n-0000ae40: 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 78e2 8099 2047 5255 ...linux... GRU\n-0000ae50: 4220 7573 6573 2033 322d 6269 7420 7072 B uses 32-bit pr\n-0000ae60: 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2053 6f6d 6520 4249 otocol. Some BI\n-0000ae70: 4f53 2073 6572 7669 6365 7320 6c69 6b65 OS services like\n-0000ae80: 0a20 2020 2020 4150 4d20 6f72 2045 4444 . APM or EDD\n-0000ae90: 2061 7265 6e27 7420 6176 6169 6c61 626c aren't availabl\n-0000aea0: 6520 7769 7468 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f74 e with this prot\n-0000aeb0: 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6973 2063 ocol. In this c\n-0000aec0: 6173 6520 796f 750a 2020 2020 206e 6565 ase you. nee\n-0000aed0: 6420 746f 2075 7365 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 d to use ...linu\n-0000aee0: 7831 36e2 8099 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 x16..... \n-0000aef0: 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6c69 6e75 7831 3620 grub> linux16 \n-0000af00: 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 2072 6f6f 743d 2f64 /vmlinuz root=/d\n-0000af10: 6576 2f73 6461 3120 6163 7069 3d6f 6666 ev/sda1 acpi=off\n-0000af20: 0a0a 2020 332e 2049 6620 796f 7520 7573 .. 3. If you us\n-0000af30: 6520 616e 2069 6e69 7472 642c 2065 7865 e an initrd, exe\n-0000af40: 6375 7465 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 cute the command\n-0000af50: 20e2 8098 696e 6974 7264 e280 9920 282a ...initrd... (*\n-0000af60: 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 7472 643a 3a29 0a20 note initrd::). \n-0000af70: 2020 2020 6166 7465 7220 e280 986c 696e after ...lin\n-0000af80: 7578 e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ux...:.. \n-0000af90: 2020 6772 7562 3e20 696e 6974 7264 202f grub> initrd /\n-0000afa0: 696e 6974 7264 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 initrd.. If \n-0000afb0: 796f 7520 7573 6564 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 you used ...linu\n-0000afc0: 7831 36e2 8099 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 x16... you need \n-0000afd0: 746f 2075 7365 20e2 8098 696e 6974 7264 to use ...initrd\n-0000afe0: 3136 e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 16...:.. \n-0000aff0: 2020 6772 7562 3e20 696e 6974 7264 3136 grub> initrd16\n-0000b000: 202f 696e 6974 7264 0a0a 2020 342e 2046 /initrd.. 4. F\n-0000b010: 696e 616c 6c79 2c20 7275 6e20 7468 6520 inally, run the \n-0000b020: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 command ...boot.\n-0000b030: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 626f 6f74 3a3a .. (*note boot::\n-0000b040: 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ).....File: grub\n-0000b050: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4e65 .info, Node: Ne\n-0000b060: 7442 5344 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2044 4f53 tBSD, Next: DOS\n-0000b070: 2f57 696e 646f 7773 2c20 2050 7265 763a /Windows, Prev:\n-0000b080: 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2c20 2055 703a GNU/Linux, Up:\n-0000b090: 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 OS-specific not\n-0000b0a0: 6573 0a0a 352e 342e 3320 4e65 7442 5344 es..5.4.3 NetBSD\n-0000b0b0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a42 .------------..B\n-0000b0c0: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2061 204e 6574 4253 4420 ooting a NetBSD \n-0000b0d0: 6b65 726e 656c 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 kernel from GRUB\n-0000b0e0: 2069 7320 616c 736f 2072 656c 6174 6976 is also relativ\n-0000b0f0: 656c 7920 6561 7379 3a20 6669 7273 7420 ely easy: first \n-0000b100: 7365 740a 4752 5542 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 set.GRUB's root \n-0000b110: 6465 7669 6365 2c20 7468 656e 206c 6f61 device, then loa\n-0000b120: 6420 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2061 6e64 d the kernel and\n-0000b130: 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2c20 616e the modules, an\n-0000b140: 6420 6669 6e61 6c6c 790a 7275 6e20 e280 d finally.run ..\n-0000b150: 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2031 2e20 .boot...... 1. \n-0000b160: 5365 7420 4752 5542 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 Set GRUB's root \n-0000b170: 6465 7669 6365 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7061 device to the pa\n-0000b180: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 686f 6c64 696e 6720 rtition holding \n-0000b190: 7468 6520 4e65 7442 5344 2072 6f6f 740a the NetBSD root.\n-0000b1a0: 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d file system\n-0000b1b0: 2e20 2046 6f72 2061 2064 6973 6b20 7769 . For a disk wi\n-0000b1c0: 7468 2061 204e 6574 4253 4420 6469 736b th a NetBSD disk\n-0000b1d0: 206c 6162 656c 2c20 7468 6973 2069 7320 label, this is \n-0000b1e0: 7573 7561 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2074 6865 usually. the\n-0000b1f0: 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e first partition\n-0000b200: 2028 613a 292e 2020 496e 2074 6861 7420 (a:). In that \n-0000b210: 6361 7365 2c20 616e 6420 6173 7375 6d69 case, and assumi\n-0000b220: 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 ng that the. \n-0000b230: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6f6e partition is on\n-0000b240: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2068 6172 6420 the first hard \n-0000b250: 6469 736b 2c20 7365 7420 4752 5542 2773 disk, set GRUB's\n-0000b260: 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 2061 730a root device as.\n-0000b270: 2020 2020 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 3a0a 0a20 follows:.. \n-0000b280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 2069 grub> i\n-0000b290: 6e73 6d6f 6420 7061 7274 5f62 7364 0a20 nsmod part_bsd. \n-0000b2a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 2073 grub> s\n-0000b2b0: 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 2c6e 6574 et root=(hd0,net\n-0000b2c0: 6273 6431 290a 0a20 2020 2020 466f 7220 bsd1).. For \n-0000b2d0: 6120 6469 736b 2077 6974 6820 6120 4755 a disk with a GU\n-0000b2e0: 4944 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2054 6162 ID Partition Tab\n-0000b2f0: 6c65 2028 4750 5429 2c20 616e 6420 6173 le (GPT), and as\n-0000b300: 7375 6d69 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a suming that the.\n-0000b310: 2020 2020 204e 6574 4253 4420 726f 6f74 NetBSD root\n-0000b320: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7468 partition is th\n-0000b330: 6520 7468 6972 6420 4750 5420 7061 7274 e third GPT part\n-0000b340: 6974 696f 6e2c 2064 6f20 7468 6973 3a0a ition, do this:.\n-0000b350: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e . grub>\n-0000b360: 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 7061 7274 5f67 7074 insmod part_gpt\n-0000b370: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e . grub>\n-0000b380: 2073 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 2c67 set root=(hd0,g\n-0000b390: 7074 3329 0a0a 2020 322e 204c 6f61 6420 pt3).. 2. Load \n-0000b3a0: 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2075 7369 6e67 the kernel using\n-0000b3b0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 the command ...\n-0000b3c0: 6b6e 6574 6273 64e2 8099 3a0a 0a20 2020 knetbsd...:.. \n-0000b3d0: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 206b 6e65 grub> kne\n-0000b3e0: 7462 7364 202f 6e65 7462 7364 0a0a 2020 tbsd /netbsd.. \n-0000b3f0: 2020 2056 6172 696f 7573 206f 7074 696f Various optio\n-0000b400: 6e73 206d 6179 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 ns may be given \n-0000b410: 746f 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 64e2 8099 to ...knetbsd...\n-0000b420: 2e20 2054 6865 7365 206f 7074 696f 6e73 . These options\n-0000b430: 2061 7265 2c20 666f 720a 2020 2020 2074 are, for. t\n-0000b440: 6865 206d 6f73 7420 7061 7274 2c20 7468 he most part, th\n-0000b450: 6520 7361 6d65 2061 7320 696e 2074 6865 e same as in the\n-0000b460: 204e 6574 4253 4420 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 NetBSD boot loa\n-0000b470: 6465 722e 2020 466f 720a 2020 2020 2069 der. For. i\n-0000b480: 6e73 7461 6e63 652c 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 nstance, to boot\n-0000b490: 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d20 696e 2073 the system in s\n-0000b4a0: 696e 676c 652d 7573 6572 206d 6f64 6520 ingle-user mode \n-0000b4b0: 616e 6420 7769 7468 2076 6572 626f 7365 and with verbose\n-0000b4c0: 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2c20 . messages, \n-0000b4d0: 646f 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 do this:.. \n-0000b4e0: 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6b6e 6574 6273 grub> knetbs\n-0000b4f0: 6420 2f6e 6574 6273 6420 2d73 202d 760a d /netbsd -s -v.\n-0000b500: 0a20 2033 2e20 4966 206e 6565 6465 642c . 3. If needed,\n-0000b510: 206c 6f61 6420 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6f64 load kernel mod\n-0000b520: 756c 6573 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 636f ules with the co\n-0000b530: 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6b6e mmand. ...kn\n-0000b540: 6574 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 etbsd_module_elf\n-0000b550: e280 992e 2020 4120 7479 7069 6361 6c20 .... A typical \n-0000b560: 6578 616d 706c 6520 6973 2074 6865 206d example is the m\n-0000b570: 6f64 756c 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 726f odule for the ro\n-0000b580: 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2073 7973 ot. file sys\n-0000b590: 7465 6d3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tem:.. \n-0000b5a0: 6772 7562 3e20 6b6e 6574 6273 645f 6d6f grub> knetbsd_mo\n-0000b5b0: 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 202f 7374 616e 642f dule_elf /stand/\n-0000b5c0: 616d 6436 342f 362e 302f 6d6f 6475 6c65 amd64/6.0/module\n-0000b5d0: 732f 6666 732f 6666 732e 6b6d 6f64 0a0a s/ffs/ffs.kmod..\n-0000b5e0: 2020 342e 2046 696e 616c 6c79 2c20 7275 4. Finally, ru\n-0000b5f0: 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 n the command ..\n-0000b600: 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 .boot... (*note \n-0000b610: 626f 6f74 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 boot::).....File\n-0000b620: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0000b630: 6465 3a20 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 732c de: DOS/Windows,\n-0000b640: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4e65 7442 5344 2c20 Prev: NetBSD, \n-0000b650: 2055 703a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 Up: OS-specific\n-0000b660: 206e 6f74 6573 0a0a 352e 342e 3420 444f notes..5.4.4 DO\n-0000b670: 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d S/Windows.------\n-0000b680: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a47 5255 -----------..GRU\n-0000b690: 4220 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6f6f 7420 444f B cannot boot DO\n-0000b6a0: 5320 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 2064 6972 S or Windows dir\n-0000b6b0: 6563 746c 792c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6d75 ectly, so you mu\n-0000b6c0: 7374 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 st chain-load th\n-0000b6d0: 656d 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 4368 6169 6e2d em.(*note Chain-\n-0000b6e0: 6c6f 6164 696e 673a 3a29 2e20 2048 6f77 loading::). How\n-0000b6f0: 6576 6572 2c20 7468 6569 7220 626f 6f74 ever, their boot\n-0000b700: 206c 6f61 6465 7273 2068 6176 6520 736f loaders have so\n-0000b710: 6d65 2063 7269 7469 6361 6c0a 6465 6669 me critical.defi\n-0000b720: 6369 656e 6369 6573 2c20 736f 2069 7420 ciencies, so it \n-0000b730: 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 776f 726b 2074 6f20 may not work to \n-0000b740: 6a75 7374 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 just chain-load \n-0000b750: 7468 656d 2e20 2054 6f20 6f76 6572 636f them. To overco\n-0000b760: 6d65 0a74 6865 2070 726f 626c 656d 732c me.the problems,\n-0000b770: 2047 5255 4220 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2079 GRUB provides y\n-0000b780: 6f75 2077 6974 6820 7477 6f20 6865 6c70 ou with two help\n-0000b790: 6572 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 er functions... \n-0000b7a0: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 696e If you have in\n-0000b7b0: 7374 616c 6c65 6420 444f 5320 286f 7220 stalled DOS (or \n-0000b7c0: 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 206f 6e20 6120 6e6f Windows) on a no\n-0000b7d0: 6e2d 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 n-first hard dis\n-0000b7e0: 6b2c 2079 6f75 0a68 6176 6520 746f 2075 k, you.have to u\n-0000b7f0: 7365 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b20 7377 6170 se the disk swap\n-0000b800: 7069 6e67 2074 6563 686e 6971 7565 2c20 ping technique, \n-0000b810: 6265 6361 7573 6520 7468 6174 204f 5320 because that OS \n-0000b820: 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6f6f 740a 6672 6f6d cannot boot.from\n-0000b830: 2061 6e79 2064 6973 6b73 2062 7574 2074 any disks but t\n-0000b840: 6865 2066 6972 7374 206f 6e65 2e20 2054 he first one. T\n-0000b850: 6865 2077 6f72 6b61 726f 756e 6420 7573 he workaround us\n-0000b860: 6564 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2069 7320 7468 ed in GRUB is th\n-0000b870: 650a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9864 7269 e.command ...dri\n-0000b880: 7665 6d61 70e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 vemap... (*note \n-0000b890: 6472 6976 656d 6170 3a3a 292c 206c 696b drivemap::), lik\n-0000b8a0: 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6472 e this:.. dr\n-0000b8b0: 6976 656d 6170 202d 7320 2868 6430 2920 ivemap -s (hd0) \n-0000b8c0: 2868 6431 290a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2070 (hd1).. This p\n-0000b8d0: 6572 666f 726d 7320 6120 e280 9c76 6972 erforms a ...vir\n-0000b8e0: 7475 616c e280 9d20 7377 6170 2062 6574 tual... swap bet\n-0000b8f0: 7765 656e 2079 6f75 7220 6669 7273 7420 ween your first \n-0000b900: 616e 6420 7365 636f 6e64 2068 6172 640a and second hard.\n-0000b910: 6472 6976 652e 0a0a 2020 202a 4361 7574 drive... *Caut\n-0000b920: 696f 6e3a 2a20 5468 6973 2069 7320 6566 ion:* This is ef\n-0000b930: 6665 6374 6976 6520 6f6e 6c79 2069 6620 fective only if \n-0000b940: 444f 5320 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 DOS (or Windows)\n-0000b950: 2075 7365 7320 4249 4f53 2074 6f0a 6163 uses BIOS to.ac\n-0000b960: 6365 7373 2074 6865 2073 7761 7070 6564 cess the swapped\n-0000b970: 2064 6973 6b73 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6174 disks. If that\n-0000b980: 204f 5320 7573 6573 2061 2073 7065 6369 OS uses a speci\n-0000b990: 616c 2064 7269 7665 7220 666f 7220 7468 al driver for th\n-0000b9a0: 650a 6469 736b 732c 2074 6869 7320 7072 e.disks, this pr\n-0000b9b0: 6f62 6162 6c79 2077 6f6e 2774 2077 6f72 obably won't wor\n-0000b9c0: 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2041 6e6f 7468 6572 2070 k... Another p\n-0000b9d0: 726f 626c 656d 2061 7269 7365 7320 6966 roblem arises if\n-0000b9e0: 2079 6f75 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 206d you installed m\n-0000b9f0: 6f72 6520 7468 616e 206f 6e65 2073 6574 ore than one set\n-0000ba00: 206f 660a 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 of.DOS/Windows \n-0000ba10: 6f6e 746f 206f 6e65 2064 6973 6b2c 2062 onto one disk, b\n-0000ba20: 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 7920 636f 756c ecause they coul\n-0000ba30: 6420 6265 2063 6f6e 6675 7365 6420 6966 d be confused if\n-0000ba40: 2074 6865 7265 2061 7265 0a6d 6f72 6520 there are.more \n-0000ba50: 7468 616e 206f 6e65 2070 7269 6d61 7279 than one primary\n-0000ba60: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 666f 7220 partitions for \n-0000ba70: 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 732e 2020 4365 DOS/Windows. Ce\n-0000ba80: 7274 6169 6e6c 7920 796f 7520 7368 6f75 rtainly you shou\n-0000ba90: 6c64 0a61 766f 6964 2064 6f69 6e67 2074 ld.avoid doing t\n-0000baa0: 6869 732c 2062 7574 2074 6865 7265 2069 his, but there i\n-0000bab0: 7320 6120 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 2069 6620 s a solution if \n-0000bac0: 796f 7520 646f 2077 616e 7420 746f 2064 you do want to d\n-0000bad0: 6f20 736f 2e20 2055 7365 0a74 6865 2070 o so. Use.the p\n-0000bae0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2068 6964 696e 672f artition hiding/\n-0000baf0: 756e 6869 6469 6e67 2074 6563 686e 6971 unhiding techniq\n-0000bb00: 7565 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2047 5255 4220 ue... If GRUB \n-0000bb10: e280 9c68 6964 6573 e280 9d20 6120 444f ...hides... a DO\n-0000bb20: 5320 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 2070 S (or Windows) p\n-0000bb30: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 artition (*note \n-0000bb40: 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 3a3a 292c 2044 4f53 parttool::), DOS\n-0000bb50: 0a28 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 2920 7769 .(or Windows) wi\n-0000bb60: 6c6c 2069 676e 6f72 6520 7468 6520 7061 ll ignore the pa\n-0000bb70: 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 2047 5255 rtition. If GRU\n-0000bb80: 4220 e280 9c75 6e68 6964 6573 e280 9d20 B ...unhides... \n-0000bb90: 6120 444f 5320 286f 720a 5769 6e64 6f77 a DOS (or.Window\n-0000bba0: 7329 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 444f s) partition, DO\n-0000bbb0: 5320 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 2077 S (or Windows) w\n-0000bbc0: 696c 6c20 6465 7465 6374 2074 6865 2070 ill detect the p\n-0000bbd0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2054 6875 732c artition. Thus,\n-0000bbe0: 0a69 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 2069 6e73 .if you have ins\n-0000bbf0: 7461 6c6c 6564 2044 4f53 2028 6f72 2057 talled DOS (or W\n-0000bc00: 696e 646f 7773 2920 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 indows) on the f\n-0000bc10: 6972 7374 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2073 6563 irst and the sec\n-0000bc20: 6f6e 640a 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 ond.partition of\n-0000bc30: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2068 6172 6420 the first hard \n-0000bc40: 6469 736b 2c20 616e 6420 796f 7520 7761 disk, and you wa\n-0000bc50: 6e74 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2063 nt to boot the c\n-0000bc60: 6f70 7920 6f6e 2074 6865 0a66 6972 7374 opy on the.first\n-0000bc70: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 646f 2074 partition, do t\n-0000bc80: 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 3a0a 0a20 he following:.. \n-0000bc90: 2020 2020 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2028 6864 parttool (hd\n-0000bca0: 302c 3129 2068 6964 6465 6e2d 0a20 2020 0,1) hidden-. \n-0000bcb0: 2020 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2028 6864 302c parttool (hd0,\n-0000bcc0: 3229 2068 6964 6465 6e2b 0a20 2020 2020 2) hidden+. \n-0000bcd0: 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 302c 3129 set root=(hd0,1)\n-0000bce0: 0a20 2020 2020 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 . chainloade\n-0000bcf0: 7220 2b31 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 746f r +1. partto\n-0000bd00: 6f6c 2024 7b72 6f6f 747d 2062 6f6f 742b ol ${root} boot+\n-0000bd10: 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 0a0a 1f0a 4669 . boot....Fi\n-0000bd20: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0000bd30: 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 Node: Configurat\n-0000bd40: 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5468 656d ion, Next: Them\n-0000bd50: 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 742c 2020 e file format, \n-0000bd60: 5072 6576 3a20 426f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 Prev: Booting, \n-0000bd70: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a36 2057 7269 7469 Up: Top..6 Writi\n-0000bd80: 6e67 2079 6f75 7220 6f77 6e20 636f 6e66 ng your own conf\n-0000bd90: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 0a2a iguration file.*\n+0000aa40: 2020 2724 2874 6173 6b2d 6372 6561 7465 '$(task-create\n+0000aa50: 2927 2027 2428 7461 736b 2d72 6573 756d )' '$(task-resum\n+0000aa60: 6529 270a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 e)'. gr\n+0000aa70: 7562 3e20 6d6f 6475 6c65 202f 6c69 622f ub> module /lib/\n+0000aa80: 6c64 2e73 6f2e 3120 6578 6563 202f 6875 ld.so.1 exec /hu\n+0000aa90: 7264 2f65 7865 6320 2724 2865 7865 632d rd/exec '$(exec-\n+0000aaa0: 7461 736b 3d74 6173 6b2d 6372 6561 7465 task=task-create\n+0000aab0: 2927 0a0a 2020 332e 2046 696e 616c 6c79 )'.. 3. Finally\n+0000aac0: 2c20 7275 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e , run the comman\n+0000aad0: 6420 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e d ...boot... (*n\n+0000aae0: 6f74 6520 626f 6f74 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a ote boot::).....\n+0000aaf0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0000ab00: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 Node: GNU/Linu\n+0000ab10: 782c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4e65 7442 5344 x, Next: NetBSD\n+0000ab20: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 , Prev: GNU/Hur\n+0000ab30: 642c 2020 5570 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 d, Up: OS-speci\n+0000ab40: 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 730a 0a35 2e34 2e32 fic notes..5.4.2\n+0000ab50: 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d GNU/Linux.-----\n+0000ab60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4974 2069 ----------..It i\n+0000ab70: 7320 7265 6c61 7469 7665 6c79 2065 6173 s relatively eas\n+0000ab80: 7920 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 474e 552f 4c69 y to boot GNU/Li\n+0000ab90: 6e75 7820 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 422c 2062 nux from GRUB, b\n+0000aba0: 6563 6175 7365 2069 7420 736f 6d65 7768 ecause it somewh\n+0000abb0: 6174 0a72 6573 656d 626c 6573 2074 6f20 at.resembles to \n+0000abc0: 626f 6f74 2061 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 boot a Multiboot\n+0000abd0: 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 204f 532e 0a0a -compliant OS...\n+0000abe0: 2020 312e 2053 6574 2047 5255 4227 7320 1. Set GRUB's \n+0000abf0: 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 746f 2074 root device to t\n+0000ac00: 6865 2073 616d 6520 6472 6976 6520 6173 he same drive as\n+0000ac10: 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2773 2e20 2054 GNU/Linux's. T\n+0000ac20: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 he. command \n+0000ac30: e280 9873 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 743d ...search --set=\n+0000ac40: 726f 6f74 202d 2d66 696c 6520 2f76 6d6c root --file /vml\n+0000ac50: 696e 757a e280 9920 6f72 2073 696d 696c inuz... or simil\n+0000ac60: 6172 206d 6179 2068 656c 7020 796f 750a ar may help you.\n+0000ac70: 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 6172 (*note sear\n+0000ac80: 6368 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 322e 204c 6f61 ch::)... 2. Loa\n+0000ac90: 6420 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2075 7369 d the kernel usi\n+0000aca0: 6e67 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 ng the command .\n+0000acb0: 8098 6c69 6e75 78e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 ..linux... (*not\n+0000acc0: 6520 6c69 6e75 783a 3a29 3a0a 0a20 2020 e linux::):.. \n+0000acd0: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 206c 696e grub> lin\n+0000ace0: 7578 202f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a20 726f 6f74 ux /vmlinuz root\n+0000acf0: 3d2f 6465 762f 7364 6131 0a0a 2020 2020 =/dev/sda1.. \n+0000ad00: 2049 6620 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 If you need to \n+0000ad10: 7370 6563 6966 7920 736f 6d65 206b 6572 specify some ker\n+0000ad20: 6e65 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2c20 nel parameters, \n+0000ad30: 6a75 7374 2061 7070 656e 6420 7468 656d just append them\n+0000ad40: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 6f6d to. the com\n+0000ad50: 6d61 6e64 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 mand. For examp\n+0000ad60: 6c65 2c20 746f 2073 6574 20e2 8098 6163 le, to set ...ac\n+0000ad70: 7069 e280 9920 746f 20e2 8098 6f66 66e2 pi... to ...off.\n+0000ad80: 8099 2c20 646f 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 .., do this:.. \n+0000ad90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6c69 grub> li\n+0000ada0: 6e75 7820 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 2072 6f6f nux /vmlinuz roo\n+0000adb0: 743d 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 3120 6163 7069 t=/dev/sda1 acpi\n+0000adc0: 3d6f 6666 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6565 2074 =off.. See t\n+0000add0: 6865 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e he documentation\n+0000ade0: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 736f in the Linux so\n+0000adf0: 7572 6365 2074 7265 6520 666f 7220 636f urce tree for co\n+0000ae00: 6d70 6c65 7465 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f mplete. info\n+0000ae10: 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2074 6865 2061 rmation on the a\n+0000ae20: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 vailable options\n+0000ae30: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 20e2 8098 ... With ...\n+0000ae40: 6c69 6e75 78e2 8099 2047 5255 4220 7573 linux... GRUB us\n+0000ae50: 6573 2033 322d 6269 7420 7072 6f74 6f63 es 32-bit protoc\n+0000ae60: 6f6c 2e20 2053 6f6d 6520 4249 4f53 2073 ol. Some BIOS s\n+0000ae70: 6572 7669 6365 7320 6c69 6b65 0a20 2020 ervices like. \n+0000ae80: 2020 4150 4d20 6f72 2045 4444 2061 7265 APM or EDD are\n+0000ae90: 6e27 7420 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7769 n't available wi\n+0000aea0: 7468 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c th this protocol\n+0000aeb0: 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6173 6520 . In this case \n+0000aec0: 796f 750a 2020 2020 206e 6565 6420 746f you. need to\n+0000aed0: 2075 7365 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 7831 36e2 use ...linux16.\n+0000aee0: 8099 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 .... gr\n+0000aef0: 7562 3e20 6c69 6e75 7831 3620 2f76 6d6c ub> linux16 /vml\n+0000af00: 696e 757a 2072 6f6f 743d 2f64 6576 2f73 inuz root=/dev/s\n+0000af10: 6461 3120 6163 7069 3d6f 6666 0a0a 2020 da1 acpi=off.. \n+0000af20: 332e 2049 6620 796f 7520 7573 6520 616e 3. If you use an\n+0000af30: 2069 6e69 7472 642c 2065 7865 6375 7465 initrd, execute\n+0000af40: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 the command ...\n+0000af50: 696e 6974 7264 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 initrd... (*note\n+0000af60: 2069 6e69 7472 643a 3a29 0a20 2020 2020 initrd::). \n+0000af70: 6166 7465 7220 e280 986c 696e 7578 e280 after ...linux..\n+0000af80: 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 .:.. gr\n+0000af90: 7562 3e20 696e 6974 7264 202f 696e 6974 ub> initrd /init\n+0000afa0: 7264 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 rd.. If you \n+0000afb0: 7573 6564 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 7831 36e2 used ...linux16.\n+0000afc0: 8099 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2075 .. you need to u\n+0000afd0: 7365 20e2 8098 696e 6974 7264 3136 e280 se ...initrd16..\n+0000afe0: 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 .:.. gr\n+0000aff0: 7562 3e20 696e 6974 7264 3136 202f 696e ub> initrd16 /in\n+0000b000: 6974 7264 0a0a 2020 342e 2046 696e 616c itrd.. 4. Final\n+0000b010: 6c79 2c20 7275 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d ly, run the comm\n+0000b020: 616e 6420 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 and ...boot... (\n+0000b030: 2a6e 6f74 6520 626f 6f74 3a3a 292e 0a0a *note boot::)...\n+0000b040: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0000b050: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4e65 7442 5344 o, Node: NetBSD\n+0000b060: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2044 4f53 2f57 696e , Next: DOS/Win\n+0000b070: 646f 7773 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 4e55 dows, Prev: GNU\n+0000b080: 2f4c 696e 7578 2c20 2055 703a 204f 532d /Linux, Up: OS-\n+0000b090: 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 0a0a specific notes..\n+0000b0a0: 352e 342e 3320 4e65 7442 5344 0a2d 2d2d 5.4.3 NetBSD.---\n+0000b0b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a42 6f6f 7469 ---------..Booti\n+0000b0c0: 6e67 2061 204e 6574 4253 4420 6b65 726e ng a NetBSD kern\n+0000b0d0: 656c 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 2069 7320 el from GRUB is \n+0000b0e0: 616c 736f 2072 656c 6174 6976 656c 7920 also relatively \n+0000b0f0: 6561 7379 3a20 6669 7273 7420 7365 740a easy: first set.\n+0000b100: 4752 5542 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 GRUB's root devi\n+0000b110: 6365 2c20 7468 656e 206c 6f61 6420 7468 ce, then load th\n+0000b120: 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 e kernel and the\n+0000b130: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2c20 616e 6420 6669 modules, and fi\n+0000b140: 6e61 6c6c 790a 7275 6e20 e280 9862 6f6f nally.run ...boo\n+0000b150: 74e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2031 2e20 5365 7420 t...... 1. Set \n+0000b160: 4752 5542 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 GRUB's root devi\n+0000b170: 6365 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 ce to the partit\n+0000b180: 696f 6e20 686f 6c64 696e 6720 7468 6520 ion holding the \n+0000b190: 4e65 7442 5344 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 NetBSD root. \n+0000b1a0: 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2e20 2046 file system. F\n+0000b1b0: 6f72 2061 2064 6973 6b20 7769 7468 2061 or a disk with a\n+0000b1c0: 204e 6574 4253 4420 6469 736b 206c 6162 NetBSD disk lab\n+0000b1d0: 656c 2c20 7468 6973 2069 7320 7573 7561 el, this is usua\n+0000b1e0: 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2066 6972 lly. the fir\n+0000b1f0: 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2028 613a st partition (a:\n+0000b200: 292e 2020 496e 2074 6861 7420 6361 7365 ). In that case\n+0000b210: 2c20 616e 6420 6173 7375 6d69 6e67 2074 , and assuming t\n+0000b220: 6861 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 2070 6172 hat the. par\n+0000b230: 7469 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 tition is on the\n+0000b240: 2066 6972 7374 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b first hard disk\n+0000b250: 2c20 7365 7420 4752 5542 2773 2072 6f6f , set GRUB's roo\n+0000b260: 7420 6465 7669 6365 2061 730a 2020 2020 t device as. \n+0000b270: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 follows:.. \n+0000b280: 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 2069 6e73 6d6f grub> insmo\n+0000b290: 6420 7061 7274 5f62 7364 0a20 2020 2020 d part_bsd. \n+0000b2a0: 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 2073 6574 2072 grub> set r\n+0000b2b0: 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 2c6e 6574 6273 6431 oot=(hd0,netbsd1\n+0000b2c0: 290a 0a20 2020 2020 466f 7220 6120 6469 ).. For a di\n+0000b2d0: 736b 2077 6974 6820 6120 4755 4944 2050 sk with a GUID P\n+0000b2e0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2054 6162 6c65 2028 artition Table (\n+0000b2f0: 4750 5429 2c20 616e 6420 6173 7375 6d69 GPT), and assumi\n+0000b300: 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 ng that the. \n+0000b310: 204e 6574 4253 4420 726f 6f74 2070 6172 NetBSD root par\n+0000b320: 7469 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7468 6520 7468 tition is the th\n+0000b330: 6972 6420 4750 5420 7061 7274 6974 696f ird GPT partitio\n+0000b340: 6e2c 2064 6f20 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 n, do this:.. \n+0000b350: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 2069 6e73 grub> ins\n+0000b360: 6d6f 6420 7061 7274 5f67 7074 0a20 2020 mod part_gpt. \n+0000b370: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 2073 6574 grub> set\n+0000b380: 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 2c67 7074 3329 root=(hd0,gpt3)\n+0000b390: 0a0a 2020 322e 204c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 .. 2. Load the \n+0000b3a0: 6b65 726e 656c 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 kernel using the\n+0000b3b0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 command ...knet\n+0000b3c0: 6273 64e2 8099 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 bsd...:.. \n+0000b3d0: 2020 2067 7275 623e 206b 6e65 7462 7364 grub> knetbsd\n+0000b3e0: 202f 6e65 7462 7364 0a0a 2020 2020 2056 /netbsd.. V\n+0000b3f0: 6172 696f 7573 206f 7074 696f 6e73 206d arious options m\n+0000b400: 6179 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 746f 20e2 ay be given to .\n+0000b410: 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 64e2 8099 2e20 2054 ..knetbsd.... T\n+0000b420: 6865 7365 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 hese options are\n+0000b430: 2c20 666f 720a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206d , for. the m\n+0000b440: 6f73 7420 7061 7274 2c20 7468 6520 7361 ost part, the sa\n+0000b450: 6d65 2061 7320 696e 2074 6865 204e 6574 me as in the Net\n+0000b460: 4253 4420 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722e BSD boot loader.\n+0000b470: 2020 466f 720a 2020 2020 2069 6e73 7461 For. insta\n+0000b480: 6e63 652c 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 nce, to boot the\n+0000b490: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 696e 2073 696e 676c system in singl\n+0000b4a0: 652d 7573 6572 206d 6f64 6520 616e 6420 e-user mode and \n+0000b4b0: 7769 7468 2076 6572 626f 7365 0a20 2020 with verbose. \n+0000b4c0: 2020 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2c20 646f 2074 messages, do t\n+0000b4d0: 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 his:.. \n+0000b4e0: 6772 7562 3e20 6b6e 6574 6273 6420 2f6e grub> knetbsd /n\n+0000b4f0: 6574 6273 6420 2d73 202d 760a 0a20 2033 etbsd -s -v.. 3\n+0000b500: 2e20 4966 206e 6565 6465 642c 206c 6f61 . If needed, loa\n+0000b510: 6420 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6f64 756c 6573 d kernel modules\n+0000b520: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e with the comman\n+0000b530: 640a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 d. ...knetbs\n+0000b540: 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 e280 992e d_module_elf....\n+0000b550: 2020 4120 7479 7069 6361 6c20 6578 616d A typical exam\n+0000b560: 706c 6520 6973 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c ple is the modul\n+0000b570: 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 726f 6f74 0a20 e for the root. \n+0000b580: 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d3a file system:\n+0000b590: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 .. grub\n+0000b5a0: 3e20 6b6e 6574 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 > knetbsd_module\n+0000b5b0: 5f65 6c66 202f 7374 616e 642f 616d 6436 _elf /stand/amd6\n+0000b5c0: 342f 362e 302f 6d6f 6475 6c65 732f 6666 4/6.0/modules/ff\n+0000b5d0: 732f 6666 732e 6b6d 6f64 0a0a 2020 342e s/ffs.kmod.. 4.\n+0000b5e0: 2046 696e 616c 6c79 2c20 7275 6e20 7468 Finally, run th\n+0000b5f0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9862 6f6f e command ...boo\n+0000b600: 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 626f 6f74 t... (*note boot\n+0000b610: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ::).....File: gr\n+0000b620: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0000b630: 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 732c 2020 5072 DOS/Windows, Pr\n+0000b640: 6576 3a20 4e65 7442 5344 2c20 2055 703a ev: NetBSD, Up:\n+0000b650: 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 OS-specific not\n+0000b660: 6573 0a0a 352e 342e 3420 444f 532f 5769 es..5.4.4 DOS/Wi\n+0000b670: 6e64 6f77 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ndows.----------\n+0000b680: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a47 5255 4220 6361 -------..GRUB ca\n+0000b690: 6e6e 6f74 2062 6f6f 7420 444f 5320 6f72 nnot boot DOS or\n+0000b6a0: 2057 696e 646f 7773 2064 6972 6563 746c Windows directl\n+0000b6b0: 792c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6d75 7374 2063 y, so you must c\n+0000b6c0: 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 656d 0a28 hain-load them.(\n+0000b6d0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 *note Chain-load\n+0000b6e0: 696e 673a 3a29 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 ing::). However\n+0000b6f0: 2c20 7468 6569 7220 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 , their boot loa\n+0000b700: 6465 7273 2068 6176 6520 736f 6d65 2063 ders have some c\n+0000b710: 7269 7469 6361 6c0a 6465 6669 6369 656e ritical.deficien\n+0000b720: 6369 6573 2c20 736f 2069 7420 6d61 7920 cies, so it may \n+0000b730: 6e6f 7420 776f 726b 2074 6f20 6a75 7374 not work to just\n+0000b740: 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 656d chain-load them\n+0000b750: 2e20 2054 6f20 6f76 6572 636f 6d65 0a74 . To overcome.t\n+0000b760: 6865 2070 726f 626c 656d 732c 2047 5255 he problems, GRU\n+0000b770: 4220 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2079 6f75 2077 B provides you w\n+0000b780: 6974 6820 7477 6f20 6865 6c70 6572 2066 ith two helper f\n+0000b790: 756e 6374 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 unctions... If\n+0000b7a0: 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 696e 7374 616c you have instal\n+0000b7b0: 6c65 6420 444f 5320 286f 7220 5769 6e64 led DOS (or Wind\n+0000b7c0: 6f77 7329 206f 6e20 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6669 ows) on a non-fi\n+0000b7d0: 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2c 2079 rst hard disk, y\n+0000b7e0: 6f75 0a68 6176 6520 746f 2075 7365 2074 ou.have to use t\n+0000b7f0: 6865 2064 6973 6b20 7377 6170 7069 6e67 he disk swapping\n+0000b800: 2074 6563 686e 6971 7565 2c20 6265 6361 technique, beca\n+0000b810: 7573 6520 7468 6174 204f 5320 6361 6e6e use that OS cann\n+0000b820: 6f74 2062 6f6f 740a 6672 6f6d 2061 6e79 ot boot.from any\n+0000b830: 2064 6973 6b73 2062 7574 2074 6865 2066 disks but the f\n+0000b840: 6972 7374 206f 6e65 2e20 2054 6865 2077 irst one. The w\n+0000b850: 6f72 6b61 726f 756e 6420 7573 6564 2069 orkaround used i\n+0000b860: 6e20 4752 5542 2069 7320 7468 650a 636f n GRUB is the.co\n+0000b870: 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9864 7269 7665 6d61 mmand ...drivema\n+0000b880: 70e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6472 6976 p... (*note driv\n+0000b890: 656d 6170 3a3a 292c 206c 696b 6520 7468 emap::), like th\n+0000b8a0: 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6472 6976 656d is:.. drivem\n+0000b8b0: 6170 202d 7320 2868 6430 2920 2868 6431 ap -s (hd0) (hd1\n+0000b8c0: 290a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2070 6572 666f ).. This perfo\n+0000b8d0: 726d 7320 6120 e280 9c76 6972 7475 616c rms a ...virtual\n+0000b8e0: e280 9d20 7377 6170 2062 6574 7765 656e ... swap between\n+0000b8f0: 2079 6f75 7220 6669 7273 7420 616e 6420 your first and \n+0000b900: 7365 636f 6e64 2068 6172 640a 6472 6976 second hard.driv\n+0000b910: 652e 0a0a 2020 202a 4361 7574 696f 6e3a e... *Caution:\n+0000b920: 2a20 5468 6973 2069 7320 6566 6665 6374 * This is effect\n+0000b930: 6976 6520 6f6e 6c79 2069 6620 444f 5320 ive only if DOS \n+0000b940: 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 2075 7365 (or Windows) use\n+0000b950: 7320 4249 4f53 2074 6f0a 6163 6365 7373 s BIOS to.access\n+0000b960: 2074 6865 2073 7761 7070 6564 2064 6973 the swapped dis\n+0000b970: 6b73 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6174 204f 5320 ks. If that OS \n+0000b980: 7573 6573 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c 2064 uses a special d\n+0000b990: 7269 7665 7220 666f 7220 7468 650a 6469 river for the.di\n+0000b9a0: 736b 732c 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f62 6162 sks, this probab\n+0000b9b0: 6c79 2077 6f6e 2774 2077 6f72 6b2e 0a0a ly won't work...\n+0000b9c0: 2020 2041 6e6f 7468 6572 2070 726f 626c Another probl\n+0000b9d0: 656d 2061 7269 7365 7320 6966 2079 6f75 em arises if you\n+0000b9e0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 206d 6f72 6520 installed more \n+0000b9f0: 7468 616e 206f 6e65 2073 6574 206f 660a than one set of.\n+0000ba00: 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 6f6e 746f DOS/Windows onto\n+0000ba10: 206f 6e65 2064 6973 6b2c 2062 6563 6175 one disk, becau\n+0000ba20: 7365 2074 6865 7920 636f 756c 6420 6265 se they could be\n+0000ba30: 2063 6f6e 6675 7365 6420 6966 2074 6865 confused if the\n+0000ba40: 7265 2061 7265 0a6d 6f72 6520 7468 616e re are.more than\n+0000ba50: 206f 6e65 2070 7269 6d61 7279 2070 6172 one primary par\n+0000ba60: 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 666f 7220 444f 532f titions for DOS/\n+0000ba70: 5769 6e64 6f77 732e 2020 4365 7274 6169 Windows. Certai\n+0000ba80: 6e6c 7920 796f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 0a61 nly you should.a\n+0000ba90: 766f 6964 2064 6f69 6e67 2074 6869 732c void doing this,\n+0000baa0: 2062 7574 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6120 but there is a \n+0000bab0: 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 2069 6620 796f 7520 solution if you \n+0000bac0: 646f 2077 616e 7420 746f 2064 6f20 736f do want to do so\n+0000bad0: 2e20 2055 7365 0a74 6865 2070 6172 7469 . Use.the parti\n+0000bae0: 7469 6f6e 2068 6964 696e 672f 756e 6869 tion hiding/unhi\n+0000baf0: 6469 6e67 2074 6563 686e 6971 7565 2e0a ding technique..\n+0000bb00: 0a20 2020 4966 2047 5255 4220 e280 9c68 . If GRUB ...h\n+0000bb10: 6964 6573 e280 9d20 6120 444f 5320 286f ides... a DOS (o\n+0000bb20: 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 2070 6172 7469 r Windows) parti\n+0000bb30: 7469 6f6e 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7061 7274 tion (*note part\n+0000bb40: 746f 6f6c 3a3a 292c 2044 4f53 0a28 6f72 tool::), DOS.(or\n+0000bb50: 2057 696e 646f 7773 2920 7769 6c6c 2069 Windows) will i\n+0000bb60: 676e 6f72 6520 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 gnore the partit\n+0000bb70: 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 2047 5255 4220 e280 ion. If GRUB ..\n+0000bb80: 9c75 6e68 6964 6573 e280 9d20 6120 444f .unhides... a DO\n+0000bb90: 5320 286f 720a 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 2070 S (or.Windows) p\n+0000bba0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 444f 5320 286f artition, DOS (o\n+0000bbb0: 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 2077 696c 6c20 r Windows) will \n+0000bbc0: 6465 7465 6374 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 detect the parti\n+0000bbd0: 7469 6f6e 2e20 2054 6875 732c 0a69 6620 tion. Thus,.if \n+0000bbe0: 796f 7520 6861 7665 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c you have install\n+0000bbf0: 6564 2044 4f53 2028 6f72 2057 696e 646f ed DOS (or Windo\n+0000bc00: 7773 2920 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 ws) on the first\n+0000bc10: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2073 6563 6f6e 640a and the second.\n+0000bc20: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 partition of the\n+0000bc30: 2066 6972 7374 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b first hard disk\n+0000bc40: 2c20 616e 6420 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 , and you want t\n+0000bc50: 6f20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2063 6f70 7920 o boot the copy \n+0000bc60: 6f6e 2074 6865 0a66 6972 7374 2070 6172 on the.first par\n+0000bc70: 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 646f 2074 6865 2066 tition, do the f\n+0000bc80: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 ollowing:.. \n+0000bc90: 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2028 6864 302c 3129 parttool (hd0,1)\n+0000bca0: 2068 6964 6465 6e2d 0a20 2020 2020 7061 hidden-. pa\n+0000bcb0: 7274 746f 6f6c 2028 6864 302c 3229 2068 rttool (hd0,2) h\n+0000bcc0: 6964 6465 6e2b 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 idden+. set \n+0000bcd0: 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 302c 3129 0a20 2020 root=(hd0,1). \n+0000bce0: 2020 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2b31 chainloader +1\n+0000bcf0: 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2024 . parttool $\n+0000bd00: 7b72 6f6f 747d 2062 6f6f 742b 0a20 2020 {root} boot+. \n+0000bd10: 2020 626f 6f74 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 boot....File: \n+0000bd20: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0000bd30: 3a20 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c : Configuration,\n+0000bd40: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5468 656d 6520 6669 Next: Theme fi\n+0000bd50: 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 742c 2020 5072 6576 le format, Prev\n+0000bd60: 3a20 426f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 : Booting, Up: \n+0000bd70: 546f 700a 0a36 2057 7269 7469 6e67 2079 Top..6 Writing y\n+0000bd80: 6f75 7220 6f77 6e20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 our own configur\n+0000bd90: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a ation file.*****\n 0000bda0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n 0000bdb0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0000bdc0: 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 2069 7320 636f ****..GRUB is co\n-0000bdd0: 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 nfigured using .\n-0000bde0: 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 992c 2075 ..grub.cfg..., u\n-0000bdf0: 7375 616c 6c79 206c 6f63 6174 6564 2075 sually located u\n-0000be00: 6e64 6572 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 nder .../boot/gr\n-0000be10: 7562 e280 992e 0a54 6869 7320 6669 6c65 ub.....This file\n-0000be20: 2069 7320 7175 6974 6520 666c 6578 6962 is quite flexib\n-0000be30: 6c65 2c20 6275 7420 6d6f 7374 2075 7365 le, but most use\n-0000be40: 7273 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 6e65 6564 rs will not need\n-0000be50: 2074 6f20 7772 6974 6520 7468 650a 7768 to write the.wh\n-0000be60: 6f6c 6520 7468 696e 6720 6279 2068 616e ole thing by han\n-0000be70: 642e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2053 d...* Menu:..* S\n-0000be80: 696d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 imple configurat\n-0000be90: 696f 6e3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ion:: \n-0000bea0: 2052 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2066 6f72 Recommended for\n-0000beb0: 206d 6f73 7420 7573 6572 730a 2a20 526f most users.* Ro\n-0000bec0: 6f74 2049 6465 6e74 6966 6361 7469 6f6e ot Identifcation\n-0000bed0: 2048 6575 7269 7374 6963 733a 3a20 2020 Heuristics:: \n-0000bee0: 5375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f6e 2068 6f77 2074 Summary on how t\n-0000bef0: 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 2073 7973 he root file sys\n-0000bf00: 7465 6d20 6973 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 tem is identifie\n-0000bf10: 642e 0a2a 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 d..* Shell-like \n-0000bf20: 7363 7269 7074 696e 673a 3a20 2020 2020 scripting:: \n-0000bf30: 2020 2020 2020 2046 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 For power\n-0000bf40: 2075 7365 7273 2061 6e64 2064 6576 656c users and devel\n-0000bf50: 6f70 6572 730a 2a20 4d75 6c74 692d 626f opers.* Multi-bo\n-0000bf60: 6f74 206d 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 ot manual config\n-0000bf70: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 466f 7220 6e6f :: For no\n-0000bf80: 6e2d 7374 616e 6461 7264 206d 756c 7469 n-standard multi\n-0000bf90: 2d4f 5320 7363 656e 6172 696f 730a 2a20 -OS scenarios.* \n-0000bfa0: 456d 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 Embedded configu\n-0000bfb0: 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ration:: \n-0000bfc0: 2020 456d 6265 6464 696e 6720 6120 636f Embedding a co\n-0000bfd0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n-0000bfe0: 2069 6e74 6f20 4752 5542 0a0a 1f0a 4669 into GRUB....Fi\n-0000bff0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0000c000: 4e6f 6465 3a20 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e Node: Simple con\n-0000c010: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 figuration, Nex\n-0000c020: 743a 2052 6f6f 7420 4964 656e 7469 6663 t: Root Identifc\n-0000c030: 6174 696f 6e20 4865 7572 6973 7469 6373 ation Heuristics\n-0000c040: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 , Up: Configura\n-0000c050: 7469 6f6e 0a0a 362e 3120 5369 6d70 6c65 tion..6.1 Simple\n-0000c060: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2068 configuration h\n-0000c070: 616e 646c 696e 670a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d andling.========\n+0000bdc0: 0a0a 4752 5542 2069 7320 636f 6e66 6967 ..GRUB is config\n+0000bdd0: 7572 6564 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 ured using ...gr\n+0000bde0: 7562 2e63 6667 e280 992c 2075 7375 616c ub.cfg..., usual\n+0000bdf0: 6c79 206c 6f63 6174 6564 2075 6e64 6572 ly located under\n+0000be00: 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 .../boot/grub..\n+0000be10: 992e 0a54 6869 7320 6669 6c65 2069 7320 ...This file is \n+0000be20: 7175 6974 6520 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2c20 quite flexible, \n+0000be30: 6275 7420 6d6f 7374 2075 7365 7273 2077 but most users w\n+0000be40: 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 ill not need to \n+0000be50: 7772 6974 6520 7468 650a 7768 6f6c 6520 write the.whole \n+0000be60: 7468 696e 6720 6279 2068 616e 642e 0a0a thing by hand...\n+0000be70: 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2053 696d 706c * Menu:..* Simpl\n+0000be80: 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a e configuration:\n+0000be90: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 6563 : Rec\n+0000bea0: 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2066 6f72 206d 6f73 ommended for mos\n+0000beb0: 7420 7573 6572 730a 2a20 526f 6f74 2049 t users.* Root I\n+0000bec0: 6465 6e74 6966 6361 7469 6f6e 2048 6575 dentifcation Heu\n+0000bed0: 7269 7374 6963 733a 3a20 2020 5375 6d6d ristics:: Summ\n+0000bee0: 6172 7920 6f6e 2068 6f77 2074 6865 2072 ary on how the r\n+0000bef0: 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 oot file system \n+0000bf00: 6973 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 642e 0a2a is identified..*\n+0000bf10: 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 Shell-like scri\n+0000bf20: 7074 696e 673a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 pting:: \n+0000bf30: 2020 2046 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2075 7365 For power use\n+0000bf40: 7273 2061 6e64 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6572 rs and developer\n+0000bf50: 730a 2a20 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d s.* Multi-boot m\n+0000bf60: 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 3a3a 2020 anual config:: \n+0000bf70: 2020 2020 2020 466f 7220 6e6f 6e2d 7374 For non-st\n+0000bf80: 616e 6461 7264 206d 756c 7469 2d4f 5320 andard multi-OS \n+0000bf90: 7363 656e 6172 696f 730a 2a20 456d 6265 scenarios.* Embe\n+0000bfa0: 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 dded configurati\n+0000bfb0: 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 456d on:: Em\n+0000bfc0: 6265 6464 696e 6720 6120 636f 6e66 6967 bedding a config\n+0000bfd0: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 6e74 uration file int\n+0000bfe0: 6f20 4752 5542 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 o GRUB....File: \n+0000bff0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0000c000: 3a20 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 : Simple configu\n+0000c010: 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2052 ration, Next: R\n+0000c020: 6f6f 7420 4964 656e 7469 6663 6174 696f oot Identifcatio\n+0000c030: 6e20 4865 7572 6973 7469 6373 2c20 2055 n Heuristics, U\n+0000c040: 703a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e p: Configuration\n+0000c050: 0a0a 362e 3120 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e ..6.1 Simple con\n+0000c060: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2068 616e 646c figuration handl\n+0000c070: 696e 670a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ing.============\n 0000c080: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0000c090: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 =========..The p\n-0000c0a0: 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d rogram ...grub-m\n-0000c0b0: 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 kconfig... (*not\n-0000c0c0: 6520 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d e Invoking grub-\n-0000c0d0: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 3a3a 2920 6765 6e65 mkconfig::) gene\n-0000c0e0: 7261 7465 730a e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 rates....grub.cf\n-0000c0f0: 67e2 8099 2066 696c 6573 2073 7569 7461 g... files suita\n-0000c100: 626c 6520 666f 7220 6d6f 7374 2063 6173 ble for most cas\n-0000c110: 6573 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2073 7569 7461 es. It is suita\n-0000c120: 626c 6520 666f 7220 7573 6520 7768 656e ble for use when\n-0000c130: 0a75 7067 7261 6469 6e67 2061 2064 6973 .upgrading a dis\n-0000c140: 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e2c 2061 6e64 2077 tribution, and w\n-0000c150: 696c 6c20 6469 7363 6f76 6572 2061 7661 ill discover ava\n-0000c160: 696c 6162 6c65 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2061 ilable kernels a\n-0000c170: 6e64 0a61 7474 656d 7074 2074 6f20 6765 nd.attempt to ge\n-0000c180: 6e65 7261 7465 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 nerate menu entr\n-0000c190: 6965 7320 666f 7220 7468 656d 2e0a 0a20 ies for them... \n-0000c1a0: 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 ...grub-mkconf\n-0000c1b0: 6967 e280 9920 646f 6573 2068 6176 6520 ig... does have \n-0000c1c0: 736f 6d65 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 some limitations\n-0000c1d0: 2e20 2057 6869 6c65 2061 6464 696e 6720 . While adding \n-0000c1e0: 6578 7472 610a 6375 7374 6f6d 206d 656e extra.custom men\n-0000c1f0: 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 746f 2074 6865 u entries to the\n-0000c200: 2065 6e64 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 7374 end of the list\n-0000c210: 2063 616e 2062 6520 646f 6e65 2062 7920 can be done by \n-0000c220: 6564 6974 696e 670a e280 982f 6574 632f editing..../etc/\n-0000c230: 6772 7562 2e64 2f34 305f 6375 7374 6f6d grub.d/40_custom\n-0000c240: e280 9920 6f72 2063 7265 6174 696e 6720 ... or creating \n-0000c250: e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6375 .../boot/grub/cu\n-0000c260: 7374 6f6d 2e63 6667 e280 992c 2063 6861 stom.cfg..., cha\n-0000c270: 6e67 696e 670a 7468 6520 6f72 6465 7220 nging.the order \n-0000c280: 6f66 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 of menu entries \n-0000c290: 6f72 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 7468 6569 or changing thei\n-0000c2a0: 7220 7469 746c 6573 206d 6179 2072 6571 r titles may req\n-0000c2b0: 7569 7265 206d 616b 696e 670a 636f 6d70 uire making.comp\n-0000c2c0: 6c65 7820 6368 616e 6765 7320 746f 2073 lex changes to s\n-0000c2d0: 6865 6c6c 2073 6372 6970 7473 2073 746f hell scripts sto\n-0000c2e0: 7265 6420 696e 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 2f67 red in .../etc/g\n-0000c2f0: 7275 622e 642f e280 992e 2020 5468 6973 rub.d/.... This\n-0000c300: 206d 6179 2062 650a 696d 7072 6f76 6564 may be.improved\n-0000c310: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6675 7475 7265 2e20 in the future. \n-0000c320: 2049 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 616e 7469 6d65 In the meantime\n-0000c330: 2c20 7468 6f73 6520 7768 6f20 6665 656c , those who feel\n-0000c340: 2074 6861 7420 6974 2077 6f75 6c64 0a62 that it would.b\n-0000c350: 6520 6561 7369 6572 2074 6f20 7772 6974 e easier to writ\n-0000c360: 6520 e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 e ...grub.cfg...\n-0000c370: 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 6172 6520 656e directly are en\n-0000c380: 636f 7572 6167 6564 2074 6f20 646f 2073 couraged to do s\n-0000c390: 6f20 282a 6e6f 7465 0a42 6f6f 7469 6e67 o (*note.Booting\n-0000c3a0: 3a3a 2c20 616e 6420 2a6e 6f74 6520 5368 ::, and *note Sh\n-0000c3b0: 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 ell-like scripti\n-0000c3c0: 6e67 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2074 6f20 6469 ng::), and to di\n-0000c3d0: 7361 626c 6520 616e 7920 7379 7374 656d sable any system\n-0000c3e0: 0a70 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 .provided by the\n-0000c3f0: 6972 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e20 ir distribution \n-0000c400: 746f 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 to automatically\n-0000c410: 2072 756e 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 run ...grub-mkc\n-0000c420: 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 onfig...... Th\n-0000c430: 6520 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 2f64 e file .../etc/d\n-0000c440: 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2063 efault/grub... c\n-0000c450: 6f6e 7472 6f6c 7320 7468 6520 6f70 6572 ontrols the oper\n-0000c460: 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 0ae2 8098 6772 7562 ation of....grub\n-0000c470: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2e20 2049 -mkconfig.... I\n-0000c480: 7420 6973 2073 6f75 7263 6564 2062 7920 t is sourced by \n-0000c490: 6120 7368 656c 6c20 7363 7269 7074 2c20 a shell script, \n-0000c4a0: 616e 6420 736f 206d 7573 7420 6265 2076 and so must be v\n-0000c4b0: 616c 6964 0a50 4f53 4958 2073 6865 6c6c alid.POSIX shell\n-0000c4c0: 2069 6e70 7574 3b20 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 input; normally\n-0000c4d0: 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6a75 7374 2062 , it will just b\n-0000c4e0: 6520 6120 7365 7175 656e 6365 206f 6620 e a sequence of \n-0000c4f0: e280 984b 4559 3d76 616c 7565 e280 990a ...KEY=value....\n-0000c500: 6c69 6e65 732c 2062 7574 2069 6620 7468 lines, but if th\n-0000c510: 6520 7661 6c75 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 e value contains\n-0000c520: 2073 7061 6365 7320 6f72 206f 7468 6572 spaces or other\n-0000c530: 2073 7065 6369 616c 2063 6861 7261 6374 special charact\n-0000c540: 6572 7320 7468 656e 0a69 7420 6d75 7374 ers then.it must\n-0000c550: 2062 6520 7175 6f74 6564 2e20 2046 6f72 be quoted. For\n-0000c560: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 example:.. \n-0000c570: 4752 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 4c5f 494e GRUB_TERMINAL_IN\n-0000c580: 5055 543d 2263 6f6e 736f 6c65 2073 6572 PUT=\"console ser\n-0000c590: 6961 6c22 0a0a 2020 2056 616c 6964 206b ial\".. Valid k\n-0000c5a0: 6579 7320 696e 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 2f64 eys in .../etc/d\n-0000c5b0: 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2061 efault/grub... a\n-0000c5c0: 7265 2061 7320 666f 6c6c 6f77 733a 0a0a re as follows:..\n-0000c5d0: e280 9847 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c 54e2 ...GRUB_DEFAULT.\n-0000c5e0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 ... The defa\n-0000c5f0: 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 ult menu entry. \n-0000c600: 2054 6869 7320 6d61 7920 6265 2061 206e This may be a n\n-0000c610: 756d 6265 722c 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 umber, in which \n-0000c620: 6361 7365 2069 740a 2020 2020 2069 6465 case it. ide\n-0000c630: 6e74 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 4e74 6820 ntifies the Nth \n-0000c640: 656e 7472 7920 696e 2074 6865 2067 656e entry in the gen\n-0000c650: 6572 6174 6564 206d 656e 7520 636f 756e erated menu coun\n-0000c660: 7465 6420 6672 6f6d 207a 6572 6f2c 0a20 ted from zero,. \n-0000c670: 2020 2020 6f72 2074 6865 2074 6974 6c65 or the title\n-0000c680: 206f 6620 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 of a menu entry\n-0000c690: 2c20 6f72 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 616c , or the special\n-0000c6a0: 2073 7472 696e 6720 e280 9873 6176 6564 string ...saved\n-0000c6b0: e280 992e 2020 5573 696e 670a 2020 2020 .... Using. \n-0000c6c0: 2074 6865 2069 6420 6d61 7920 6265 2075 the id may be u\n-0000c6d0: 7365 6675 6c20 6966 2079 6f75 2077 616e seful if you wan\n-0000c6e0: 7420 746f 2073 6574 2061 206d 656e 7520 t to set a menu \n-0000c6f0: 656e 7472 7920 6173 2074 6865 2064 6566 entry as the def\n-0000c700: 6175 6c74 0a20 2020 2020 6576 656e 2074 ault. even t\n-0000c710: 686f 7567 6820 7468 6572 6520 6d61 7920 hough there may \n-0000c720: 6265 2061 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6e75 be a variable nu\n-0000c730: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 656e 7472 6965 7320 mber of entries \n-0000c740: 6265 666f 7265 2069 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 before it... \n-0000c750: 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 6966 For example, if\n-0000c760: 2079 6f75 2068 6176 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 you have:.. \n-0000c770: 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2027 4578 616d menuentry 'Exam\n-0000c780: 706c 6520 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 6469 ple GNU/Linux di\n-0000c790: 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 2720 2d2d 636c stribution' --cl\n-0000c7a0: 6173 7320 676e 752d 6c69 6e75 7820 2d2d ass gnu-linux --\n-0000c7b0: 6964 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2d67 6e75 2d6c id example-gnu-l\n-0000c7c0: 696e 7578 207b 0a20 2020 2020 092e 2e2e inux {. ....\n-0000c7d0: 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 7468 . }.. th\n-0000c7e0: 656e 2079 6f75 2063 616e 206d 616b 6520 en you can make \n-0000c7f0: 7468 6973 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 this the default\n-0000c800: 2075 7369 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 using:.. \n-0000c810: 2020 2047 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c 543d GRUB_DEFAULT=\n-0000c820: 6578 616d 706c 652d 676e 752d 6c69 6e75 example-gnu-linu\n-0000c830: 780a 0a20 2020 2020 5072 6576 696f 7573 x.. 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The default\n-0000cca0: 2069 7320 e280 9835 e280 992e 2020 5365 is ...5.... 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If th\n-0000cdd0: 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2075 6e73 is option is uns\n-0000cde0: 6574 206f 7220 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 et or set to ...\n-0000cdf0: 6d65 6e75 e280 992c 2074 6865 6e20 4752 menu..., then GR\n-0000ce00: 5542 2077 696c 6c20 6469 7370 6c61 790a UB will display.\n-0000ce10: 2020 2020 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 616e the menu an\n-0000ce20: 6420 7468 656e 2077 6169 7420 666f 7220 d then wait for \n-0000ce30: 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 7365 7420 the timeout set \n-0000ce40: 6279 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f by ...GRUB_TIMEO\n-0000ce50: 5554 e280 9920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6578 UT... to. ex\n-0000ce60: 7069 7265 2062 6566 6f72 6520 626f 6f74 pire before boot\n-0000ce70: 696e 6720 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 ing the default \n-0000ce80: 656e 7472 792e 2020 5072 6573 7369 6e67 entry. Pressing\n-0000ce90: 2061 206b 6579 2069 6e74 6572 7275 7074 a key interrupt\n-0000cea0: 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2074 696d 656f s. the timeo\n-0000ceb0: 7574 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 ut... If thi\n-0000cec0: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 7420 s option is set \n-0000ced0: 746f 20e2 8098 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 to ...countdown.\n-0000cee0: 8099 206f 7220 e280 9868 6964 6465 6ee2 .. or ...hidden.\n-0000cef0: 8099 2c20 7468 656e 2c20 6265 666f 7265 .., then, before\n-0000cf00: 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 . displaying\n-0000cf10: 2074 6865 206d 656e 752c 2047 5255 4220 the menu, GRUB \n-0000cf20: 7769 6c6c 2077 6169 7420 666f 7220 7468 will wait for th\n-0000cf30: 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 7365 7420 6279 e timeout set by\n-0000cf40: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 . ...GRUB_TI\n-0000cf50: 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 2074 6f20 6578 7069 MEOUT... to expi\n-0000cf60: 7265 2e20 2049 6620 3c45 5343 3e20 6f72 re. If or\n-0000cf70: 203c 4634 3e20 6172 6520 7072 6573 7365 are presse\n-0000cf80: 642c 206f 7220 3c53 4849 4654 3e0a 2020 d, or . \n-0000cf90: 2020 2069 7320 6865 6c64 2064 6f77 6e20 is held down \n-0000cfa0: 6475 7269 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7469 6d65 during that time\n-0000cfb0: 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6469 7370 6c61 , it will displa\n-0000cfc0: 7920 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2061 6e64 2077 y the menu and w\n-0000cfd0: 6169 740a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 2069 6e70 ait. for inp\n-0000cfe0: 7574 2e20 2049 6620 6120 686f 746b 6579 ut. If a hotkey\n-0000cff0: 2061 7373 6f63 6961 7465 6420 7769 7468 associated with\n-0000d000: 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6973 a menu entry is\n-0000d010: 2070 7265 7373 6564 2c20 6974 0a20 2020 pressed, it. \n-0000d020: 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 will boot the \n-0000d030: 6173 736f 6369 6174 6564 206d 656e 7520 associated menu \n-0000d040: 656e 7472 7920 696d 6d65 6469 6174 656c entry immediatel\n-0000d050: 792e 2020 4966 2074 6865 2074 696d 656f y. If the timeo\n-0000d060: 7574 0a20 2020 2020 6578 7069 7265 7320 ut. expires \n-0000d070: 6265 666f 7265 2065 6974 6865 7220 6f66 before either of\n-0000d080: 2074 6865 7365 2068 6170 7065 6e73 2c20 these happens, \n-0000d090: 6974 2077 696c 6c20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 it will boot the\n-0000d0a0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 0a20 2020 2020 656e default. en\n-0000d0b0: 7472 792e 2020 496e 2074 6865 20e2 8098 try. In the ...\n-0000d0c0: 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 2063 6173 countdown... cas\n-0000d0d0: 652c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2073 686f 7720 e, it will show \n-0000d0e0: 6120 6f6e 652d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e64 6963 a one-line indic\n-0000d0f0: 6174 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7468 ation. of th\n-0000d100: 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 7469 6d65 e remaining time\n-0000d110: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4546 4155 ......GRUB_DEFAU\n-0000d120: 4c54 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0ae2 8098 LT_BUTTON.......\n-0000d130: 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f42 5554 GRUB_TIMEOUT_BUT\n-0000d140: 544f 4ee2 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 TON.......GRUB_T\n-0000d150: 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 5f42 5554 IMEOUT_STYLE_BUT\n-0000d160: 544f 4ee2 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f42 TON.......GRUB_B\n-0000d170: 5554 544f 4e5f 434d 4f53 5f41 4444 5245 UTTON_CMOS_ADDRE\n-0000d180: 5353 e280 990a 2020 2020 2056 6172 6961 SS.... Varia\n-0000d190: 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 7265 nts of the corre\n-0000d1a0: 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 2076 6172 6961 626c sponding variabl\n-0000d1b0: 6573 2077 6974 686f 7574 2074 6865 20e2 es without the .\n-0000d1c0: 8098 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0a20 2020 .._BUTTON.... \n-0000d1d0: 2020 7375 6666 6978 2c20 7573 6564 2074 suffix, used t\n-0000d1e0: 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7665 6e64 6f72 o support vendor\n-0000d1f0: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 706f 7765 7220 -specific power \n-0000d200: 6275 7474 6f6e 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 650a buttons. *Note.\n-0000d210: 2020 2020 2056 656e 646f 7220 706f 7765 Vendor powe\n-0000d220: 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 733a 3a2e 0a0a e280 r-on keys::.....\n-0000d230: 9847 5255 425f 4449 5354 5249 4255 544f .GRUB_DISTRIBUTO\n-0000d240: 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7420 6279 R.... Set by\n-0000d250: 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6f72 7320 6f66 distributors of\n-0000d260: 2047 5255 4220 746f 2074 6865 6972 2069 GRUB to their i\n-0000d270: 6465 6e74 6966 7969 6e67 206e 616d 652e dentifying name.\n-0000d280: 2020 5468 6973 2069 730a 2020 2020 2075 This is. u\n-0000d290: 7365 6420 746f 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 sed to generate \n-0000d2a0: 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 7665 more informative\n-0000d2b0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 7469 746c menu entry titl\n-0000d2c0: 6573 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4552 es......GRUB_TER\n-0000d2d0: 4d49 4e41 4c5f 494e 5055 54e2 8099 0a20 MINAL_INPUT.... \n-0000d2e0: 2020 2020 5365 6c65 6374 2074 6865 2074 Select the t\n-0000d2f0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e 7075 7420 6465 erminal input de\n-0000d300: 7669 6365 2e20 2059 6f75 206d 6179 2073 vice. You may s\n-0000d310: 656c 6563 7420 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2064 elect multiple d\n-0000d320: 6576 6963 6573 0a20 2020 2020 6865 7265 evices. here\n-0000d330: 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2073 , separated by s\n-0000d340: 7061 6365 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2056 616c paces... Val\n-0000d350: 6964 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e 7075 id terminal inpu\n-0000d360: 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 6465 7065 6e64 206f t names depend o\n-0000d370: 6e20 7468 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 2c20 n the platform, \n-0000d380: 6275 7420 6d61 7920 696e 636c 7564 650a but may include.\n-0000d390: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 ...console.\n-0000d3a0: 8099 2028 6e61 7469 7665 2070 6c61 7466 .. (native platf\n-0000d3b0: 6f72 6d20 636f 6e73 6f6c 6529 2c20 e280 orm console), ..\n-0000d3c0: 9873 6572 6961 6ce2 8099 2028 7365 7269 .serial... (seri\n-0000d3d0: 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c29 2c0a 2020 al terminal),. \n-0000d3e0: 2020 20e2 8098 7365 7269 616c 5f3c 706f ...serial_... (serial t\n-0000d400: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 7468 2065 7870 erminal with exp\n-0000d410: 6c69 6369 7420 706f 7274 2073 656c 6563 licit port selec\n-0000d420: 7469 6f6e 292c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9861 tion),. ...a\n-0000d430: 745f 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 e280 9920 2850 t_keyboard... (P\n-0000d440: 4320 4154 206b 6579 626f 6172 6429 2c20 C AT keyboard), \n-0000d450: 6f72 20e2 8098 7573 625f 6b65 7962 6f61 or ...usb_keyboa\n-0000d460: 7264 e280 9920 2855 5342 206b 6579 626f rd... (USB keybo\n-0000d470: 6172 640a 2020 2020 2075 7369 6e67 2074 ard. using t\n-0000d480: 6865 2048 4944 2042 6f6f 7420 5072 6f74 he HID Boot Prot\n-0000d490: 6f63 6f6c 2c20 666f 7220 6361 7365 7320 ocol, for cases \n-0000d4a0: 7768 6572 6520 7468 6520 6669 726d 7761 where the firmwa\n-0000d4b0: 7265 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 re does not. \n-0000d4c0: 2068 616e 646c 6520 7468 6973 292e 0a0a handle this)...\n-0000d4d0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 The default\n-0000d4e0: 2069 7320 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2070 is to use the p\n-0000d4f0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d27 7320 6e61 7469 7665 latform's native\n-0000d500: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e 7075 742e terminal input.\n-0000d510: 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 5445 524d 494e .....GRUB_TERMIN\n-0000d520: 414c 5f4f 5554 5055 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 AL_OUTPUT.... \n-0000d530: 2020 5365 6c65 6374 2074 6865 2074 6572 Select the ter\n-0000d540: 6d69 6e61 6c20 6f75 7470 7574 2064 6576 minal output dev\n-0000d550: 6963 652e 2020 596f 7520 6d61 7920 7365 ice. You may se\n-0000d560: 6c65 6374 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 6465 lect multiple de\n-0000d570: 7669 6365 730a 2020 2020 2068 6572 652c vices. here,\n-0000d580: 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 7370 separated by sp\n-0000d590: 6163 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5661 6c69 aces... Vali\n-0000d5a0: 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c 206f 7574 7075 d terminal outpu\n-0000d5b0: 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 6465 7065 6e64 206f t names depend o\n-0000d5c0: 6e20 7468 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 2c20 n the platform, \n-0000d5d0: 6275 7420 6d61 7920 696e 636c 7564 650a but may include.\n-0000d5e0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 ...console.\n-0000d5f0: 8099 2028 6e61 7469 7665 2070 6c61 7466 .. (native platf\n-0000d600: 6f72 6d20 636f 6e73 6f6c 6529 2c20 e280 orm console), ..\n-0000d610: 9873 6572 6961 6ce2 8099 2028 7365 7269 .serial... (seri\n-0000d620: 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c29 2c0a 2020 al terminal),. \n-0000d630: 2020 20e2 8098 7365 7269 616c 5f3c 706f ...serial_... (serial t\n-0000d650: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 7468 2065 7870 erminal with exp\n-0000d660: 6c69 6369 7420 706f 7274 2073 656c 6563 licit port selec\n-0000d670: 7469 6f6e 292c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9867 tion),. ...g\n-0000d680: 6678 7465 726d e280 9920 2867 7261 7068 fxterm... (graph\n-0000d690: 6963 732d 6d6f 6465 206f 7574 7075 7429 ics-mode output)\n-0000d6a0: 2c20 e280 9876 6761 5f74 6578 74e2 8099 , ...vga_text...\n-0000d6b0: 2028 5647 4120 7465 7874 206f 7574 7075 (VGA text outpu\n-0000d6c0: 7429 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6d64 615f t),. ...mda_\n-0000d6d0: 7465 7874 e280 9920 284d 4441 2074 6578 text... (MDA tex\n-0000d6e0: 7420 6f75 7470 7574 292c 20e2 8098 6d6f t output), ...mo\n-0000d6f0: 7273 65e2 8099 2028 4d6f 7273 652d 636f rse... 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On receiving\n-0000d830: 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d system. com\n-0000d840: 7069 6c65 20e2 8098 7370 6b6d 6f64 656d pile ...spkmodem\n-0000d850: 2d72 6563 76e2 8099 2066 726f 6d20 e280 -recv... from ..\n-0000d860: 9875 7469 6c2f 7370 6b6d 6f64 656d 2d72 .util/spkmodem-r\n-0000d870: 6563 762e 63e2 8099 2061 6e64 2072 756e ecv.c... and run\n-0000d880: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 :.. par\n-0000d890: 6563 6f72 6420 2d2d 6368 616e 6e65 6c73 ecord --channels\n-0000d8a0: 3d31 202d 2d72 6174 653d 3438 3030 3020 =1 --rate=48000 \n-0000d8b0: 2d2d 666f 726d 6174 3d73 3136 6c65 207c --format=s16le |\n-0000d8c0: 202e 2f73 706b 6d6f 6465 6d2d 7265 6376 ./spkmodem-recv\n-0000d8d0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 .. The defau\n-0000d8e0: 6c74 2069 7320 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 lt is to use the\n-0000d8f0: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d27 7320 6e61 7469 platform's nati\n-0000d900: 7665 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6f75 7470 ve terminal outp\n-0000d910: 7574 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4552 ut......GRUB_TER\n-0000d920: 4d49 4e41 4ce2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 MINAL.... If\n-0000d930: 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 this option is \n-0000d940: 7365 742c 2069 7420 6f76 6572 7269 6465 set, it override\n-0000d950: 7320 626f 7468 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 s both ...GRUB_T\n-0000d960: 4552 4d49 4e41 4c5f 494e 5055 54e2 8099 ERMINAL_INPUT...\n-0000d970: 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 and. ...GRU\n-0000d980: 425f 5445 524d 494e 414c 5f4f 5554 5055 B_TERMINAL_OUTPU\n-0000d990: 54e2 8099 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 T... to the same\n-0000d9a0: 2076 616c 7565 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 value......GRUB\n-0000d9b0: 5f53 4552 4941 4c5f 434f 4d4d 414e 44e2 _SERIAL_COMMAND.\n-0000d9c0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4120 636f 6d6d 616e ... A comman\n-0000d9d0: 6420 746f 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 2074 d to configure t\n-0000d9e0: 6865 2073 6572 6961 6c20 706f 7274 2077 he serial port w\n-0000d9f0: 6865 6e20 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 7365 hen using the se\n-0000da00: 7269 616c 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e73 6f6c rial. consol\n-0000da10: 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 7365 7269 616c e. *Note serial\n-0000da20: 3a3a 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 7320 746f ::. Defaults to\n-0000da30: 20e2 8098 7365 7269 616c e280 992e 0a0a ...serial......\n-0000da40: e280 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f ...GRUB_CMDLINE_\n-0000da50: 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 436f LINUX.... Co\n-0000da60: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 7267 756d mmand-line argum\n-0000da70: 656e 7473 2074 6f20 6164 6420 746f 206d ents to add to m\n-0000da80: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 666f 7220 enu entries for \n-0000da90: 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c the Linux kernel\n-0000daa0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 ......GRUB_CMDLI\n-0000dab0: 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 NE_LINUX_DEFAULT\n-0000dac0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2055 6e6c 6573 7320 .... Unless \n-0000dad0: e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f ...GRUB_DISABLE_\n-0000dae0: 5245 434f 5645 5259 e280 9920 6973 2073 RECOVERY... is s\n-0000daf0: 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 et to ...true...\n-0000db00: 2c20 7477 6f20 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 , two menu entri\n-0000db10: 6573 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 es. will be \n-0000db20: 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 666f 7220 6561 generated for ea\n-0000db30: 6368 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c3a ch Linux kernel:\n-0000db40: 206f 6e65 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 one default ent\n-0000db50: 7279 2061 6e64 206f 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 ry and one. \n-0000db60: 656e 7472 7920 666f 7220 7265 636f 7665 entry for recove\n-0000db70: 7279 206d 6f64 652e 2020 5468 6973 206f ry mode. This o\n-0000db80: 7074 696f 6e20 6c69 7374 7320 636f 6d6d ption lists comm\n-0000db90: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 7267 756d 656e and-line argumen\n-0000dba0: 7473 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2061 6464 206f ts. to add o\n-0000dbb0: 6e6c 7920 746f 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 nly to the defau\n-0000dbc0: 6c74 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 792c 2061 lt menu entry, a\n-0000dbd0: 6674 6572 2074 686f 7365 206c 6973 7465 fter those liste\n-0000dbe0: 6420 696e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 d in. ...GRU\n-0000dbf0: 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 58e2 B_CMDLINE_LINUX.\n-0000dc00: 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 ........GRUB_CMD\n-0000dc10: 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f52 4543 4f56 LINE_LINUX_RECOV\n-0000dc20: 4552 59e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 556e 6c65 ERY.... 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Thi\n-0000dce0: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 206c 6973 7473 2063 s option lists c\n-0000dcf0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6172 6775 ommand-line argu\n-0000dd00: 6d65 6e74 730a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 6164 ments. to ad\n-0000dd10: 6420 6f6e 6c79 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7265 d only to the re\n-0000dd20: 636f 7665 7279 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 covery menu entr\n-0000dd30: 792c 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7468 6f73 6520 y, before those \n-0000dd40: 6c69 7374 6564 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 listed in. .\n-0000dd50: 8098 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c ..GRUB_CMDLINE_L\n-0000dd60: 494e 5558 e280 992e 2020 5468 6520 6465 INUX.... The de\n-0000dd70: 6661 756c 7420 6973 20e2 8098 7369 6e67 fault is ...sing\n-0000dd80: 6c65 e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f le.........GRUB_\n-0000dd90: 434d 444c 494e 455f 4e45 5442 5344 e280 CMDLINE_NETBSD..\n-0000dda0: 990a e280 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e .....GRUB_CMDLIN\n-0000ddb0: 455f 4e45 5442 5344 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 E_NETBSD_DEFAULT\n-0000ddc0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2041 7320 e280 9847 .... As ...G\n-0000ddd0: 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 RUB_CMDLINE_LINU\n-0000dde0: 58e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 4752 5542 X... and ...GRUB\n-0000ddf0: 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f44 _CMDLINE_LINUX_D\n-0000de00: 4546 4155 4c54 e280 992c 2062 7574 2066 EFAULT..., but f\n-0000de10: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 4e65 7442 5344 2e0a or. NetBSD..\n-0000de20: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 ....GRUB_CMDLINE\n-0000de30: 5f47 4e55 4d41 4348 e280 990a 2020 2020 _GNUMACH.... \n-0000de40: 2041 7320 e280 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c As ...GRUB_CMDL\n-0000de50: 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 2c20 6275 INE_LINUX..., bu\n-0000de60: 7420 666f 7220 474e 5520 4d61 6368 2e0a t for GNU Mach..\n-0000de70: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 ....GRUB_CMDLINE\n-0000de80: 5f58 454e e280 990a e280 9847 5255 425f _XEN.......GRUB_\n-0000de90: 434d 444c 494e 455f 5845 4e5f 4445 4641 CMDLINE_XEN_DEFA\n-0000dea0: 554c 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 ULT.... 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This opti\n-0000e050: 6f6e 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2061 6e20 on should be an \n-0000e060: 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2070 6174 6820 746f absolute path to\n-0000e070: 2061 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 652e a kernel image.\n-0000e080: 2020 4966 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f76 6964 If. provid\n-0000e090: 6564 2c20 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 7370 ed, the image sp\n-0000e0a0: 6563 6966 6965 6420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 ecified will be \n-0000e0b0: 6d61 6465 2074 6865 2074 6f70 2d6c 6576 made the top-lev\n-0000e0c0: 656c 2065 6e74 7279 2069 660a 2020 2020 el entry if. \n-0000e0d0: 2069 7420 6973 2066 6f75 6e64 2069 6e20 it is found in \n-0000e0e0: 7468 6520 7363 616e 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 the scan......GR\n-0000e0f0: 5542 5f54 4f50 5f4c 4556 454c 5f4f 535f UB_TOP_LEVEL_OS_\n-0000e100: 5052 4f42 4552 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 PROBER.... 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As.\n-0000e150: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4f50 ...GRUB_TOP\n-0000e160: 5f4c 4556 454c e280 992c 2069 6620 7072 _LEVEL..., if pr\n-0000e170: 6f76 6964 6564 2c20 7468 6520 696d 6167 ovided, the imag\n-0000e180: 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7769 6c6c e specified will\n-0000e190: 2062 6520 6d61 6465 2074 6865 0a20 2020 be made the. \n-0000e1a0: 2020 746f 702d 6c65 7665 6c20 656e 7472 top-level entr\n-0000e1b0: 7920 6966 2069 7420 6973 2066 6f75 6e64 y if it is found\n-0000e1c0: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7363 616e 2e0a 0ae2 in the scan....\n-0000e1d0: 8098 4752 5542 5f45 4152 4c59 5f49 4e49 ..GRUB_EARLY_INI\n-0000e1e0: 5452 445f 4c49 4e55 585f 4355 5354 4f4d TRD_LINUX_CUSTOM\n-0000e1f0: e280 990a e280 9847 5255 425f 4541 524c .......GRUB_EARL\n-0000e200: 595f 494e 4954 5244 5f4c 494e 5558 5f53 Y_INITRD_LINUX_S\n-0000e210: 544f 434b e280 990a 2020 2020 204c 6973 TOCK.... 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Thi\n-0000e970: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2064 6566 6175 6c74 s option default\n-0000e980: 7320 746f 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 992e s to ...true....\n-0000e990: 2020 546f 2065 6e61 626c 6520 7468 650a To enable the.\n-0000e9a0: 2020 2020 2075 7365 206f 6620 7061 7274 use of part\n-0000e9b0: 6974 696f 6e20 5555 4944 732c 2073 6574 ition UUIDs, set\n-0000e9c0: 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 this option to \n-0000e9d0: e280 9866 616c 7365 e280 992e 0a0a e280 ...false........\n-0000e9e0: 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 5245 .GRUB_DISABLE_RE\n-0000e9f0: 434f 5645 5259 e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 COVERY.... 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S\n-0000f220: 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9874 6578 74e2 8099 et to ...text...\n-0000f230: 2074 6f20 666f 7263 6520 7468 6520 4c69 to force the Li\n-0000f240: 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2074 6f20 626f nux kernel to bo\n-0000f250: 6f74 2069 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c 2074 6578 ot in normal tex\n-0000f260: 740a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 652c 20e2 8098 t. mode, ...\n-0000f270: 6b65 6570 e280 9920 746f 2070 7265 7365 keep... to prese\n-0000f280: 7276 6520 7468 6520 6772 6170 6869 6373 rve the graphics\n-0000f290: 206d 6f64 6520 7365 7420 7573 696e 670a mode set using.\n-0000f2a0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f47 4658 ...GRUB_GFX\n-0000f2b0: 4d4f 4445 e280 992c 20e2 8098 5749 4454 MODE..., ...WIDT\n-0000f2c0: 4878 4845 4947 4854 e280 995b e280 9878 HxHEIGHT...[...x\n-0000f2d0: 4445 5054 48e2 8099 5d20 746f 2073 6574 DEPTH...] to set\n-0000f2e0: 2061 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 720a 2020 a particular. \n-0000f2f0: 2020 2067 7261 7068 6963 7320 6d6f 6465 graphics mode\n-0000f300: 2c20 6f72 2061 2073 6571 7565 6e63 6520 , or a sequence \n-0000f310: 6f66 2074 6865 7365 2073 6570 6172 6174 of these separat\n-0000f320: 6564 2062 7920 636f 6d6d 6173 206f 720a ed by commas or.\n-0000f330: 2020 2020 2073 656d 6963 6f6c 6f6e 7320 semicolons \n-0000f340: 746f 2074 7279 2073 6576 6572 616c 206d to try several m\n-0000f350: 6f64 6573 2069 6e20 7365 7175 656e 6365 odes in sequence\n-0000f360: 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2067 6678 7061 796c . *Note gfxpayl\n-0000f370: 6f61 643a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2044 6570 oad::... Dep\n-0000f380: 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 796f 7572 206b ending on your k\n-0000f390: 6572 6e65 6c2c 2079 6f75 7220 6469 7374 ernel, your dist\n-0000f3a0: 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 2c20 796f 7572 2067 ribution, your g\n-0000f3b0: 7261 7068 6963 7320 6361 7264 2c0a 2020 raphics card,. \n-0000f3c0: 2020 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2070 6861 7365 and the phase\n-0000f3d0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d6f 6f6e 2c20 6e6f of the moon, no\n-0000f3e0: 7465 2074 6861 7420 7573 696e 6720 7468 te that using th\n-0000f3f0: 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6d61 7920 6361 is option may ca\n-0000f400: 7573 650a 2020 2020 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e use. GNU/Lin\n-0000f410: 7578 2074 6f20 7375 6666 6572 2066 726f ux to suffer fro\n-0000f420: 6d20 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6469 7370 6c61 m various displa\n-0000f430: 7920 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2c20 7061 7274 y problems, part\n-0000f440: 6963 756c 6172 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 6475 icularly. du\n-0000f450: 7269 6e67 2074 6865 2065 6172 6c79 2070 ring the early p\n-0000f460: 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 art of the boot \n-0000f470: 7365 7175 656e 6365 2e20 2049 6620 796f sequence. If yo\n-0000f480: 7520 6861 7665 2070 726f 626c 656d 732c u have problems,\n-0000f490: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 7468 6973 206f . set this o\n-0000f4a0: 7074 696f 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 7465 7874 ption to ...text\n-0000f4b0: e280 9920 616e 6420 4752 5542 2077 696c ... and GRUB wil\n-0000f4c0: 6c20 7465 6c6c 204c 696e 7578 2074 6f20 l tell Linux to \n-0000f4d0: 626f 6f74 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 206e 6f72 boot in. nor\n-0000f4e0: 6d61 6c20 7465 7874 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a mal text mode...\n-0000f4f0: e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f ...GRUB_DISABLE_\n-0000f500: 4f53 5f50 524f 4245 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 OS_PROBER.... \n-0000f510: 2020 5468 6520 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b The ...grub-mk\n-0000f520: 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 6861 7320 6120 config... has a \n-0000f530: 6665 6174 7572 6520 746f 2075 7365 2074 feature to use t\n-0000f540: 6865 2065 7874 6572 6e61 6c20 e280 986f he external ...o\n-0000f550: 732d 7072 6f62 6572 e280 990a 2020 2020 s-prober.... \n-0000f560: 2070 726f 6772 616d 2074 6f20 6469 7363 program to disc\n-0000f570: 6f76 6572 206f 7468 6572 206f 7065 7261 over other opera\n-0000f580: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2069 6e73 ting systems ins\n-0000f590: 7461 6c6c 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7361 talled on the sa\n-0000f5a0: 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6368 696e 6520 me. machine \n-0000f5b0: 616e 6420 6765 6e65 7261 7465 2061 7070 and generate app\n-0000f5c0: 726f 7072 6961 7465 206d 656e 7520 656e ropriate menu en\n-0000f5d0: 7472 6965 7320 666f 7220 7468 656d 2e20 tries for them. \n-0000f5e0: 2049 7420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7361 It is. disa\n-0000f5f0: 626c 6564 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c 7420 bled by default \n-0000f600: 7369 6e63 6520 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6320 since automatic \n-0000f610: 616e 6420 7369 6c65 6e74 2065 7865 6375 and silent execu\n-0000f620: 7469 6f6e 206f 660a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 tion of. ...\n-0000f630: 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 72e2 8099 2c20 616e os-prober..., an\n-0000f640: 6420 6372 6561 7469 6e67 2062 6f6f 7420 d creating boot \n-0000f650: 656e 7472 6965 7320 6261 7365 6420 6f6e entries based on\n-0000f660: 2074 6861 7420 6461 7461 2c20 6973 2061 that data, is a\n-0000f670: 0a20 2020 2020 706f 7465 6e74 6961 6c20 . potential \n-0000f680: 6174 7461 636b 2076 6563 746f 722e 2020 attack vector. \n-0000f690: 5365 7420 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 Set this option \n-0000f6a0: 746f 20e2 8098 6661 6c73 65e2 8099 2074 to ...false... t\n-0000f6b0: 6f20 656e 6162 6c65 2074 6869 730a 2020 o enable this. \n-0000f6c0: 2020 2066 6561 7475 7265 2069 6e20 7468 feature in th\n-0000f6d0: 6520 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 e ...grub-mkconf\n-0000f6e0: 6967 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a ig... command...\n-0000f6f0: e280 9847 5255 425f 4f53 5f50 524f 4245 ...GRUB_OS_PROBE\n-0000f700: 525f 534b 4950 5f4c 4953 54e2 8099 0a20 R_SKIP_LIST.... \n-0000f710: 2020 2020 4c69 7374 206f 6620 7370 6163 List of spac\n-0000f720: 652d 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 4653 2055 e-separated FS U\n-0000f730: 5549 4473 206f 6620 6669 6c65 7379 7374 UIDs of filesyst\n-0000f740: 656d 7320 746f 2062 6520 6967 6e6f 7265 ems to be ignore\n-0000f750: 6420 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 6f73 2d70 d from. os-p\n-0000f760: 726f 6265 7220 6f75 7470 7574 2e20 2046 rober output. F\n-0000f770: 6f72 2065 6669 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 or efi chainload\n-0000f780: 6572 7320 6974 2773 203c 5555 4944 3e40 ers it's @\n-0000f790: 3c45 4649 2046 494c 453e 0a0a e280 9847 .....G\n-0000f7a0: 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 5355 424d RUB_DISABLE_SUBM\n-0000f7b0: 454e 55e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 726d ENU.... Norm\n-0000f7c0: 616c 6c79 2c20 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b ally, ...grub-mk\n-0000f7d0: 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2067 config... will g\n-0000f7e0: 656e 6572 6174 6520 746f 7020 6c65 7665 enerate top leve\n-0000f7f0: 6c20 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2066 6f72 l menu entry for\n-0000f800: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c . the kernel\n-0000f810: 2077 6974 6820 6869 6768 6573 7420 7665 with highest ve\n-0000f820: 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 2061 6e64 rsion number and\n-0000f830: 2070 7574 2061 6c6c 206f 7468 6572 2066 put all other f\n-0000f840: 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c ound. kernel\n-0000f850: 7320 6f72 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 s or alternative\n-0000f860: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 666f menu entries fo\n-0000f870: 7220 7265 636f 7665 7279 206d 6f64 6520 r recovery mode \n-0000f880: 696e 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2e0a 2020 2020 in submenu.. \n-0000f890: 2046 6f72 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2072 6574 For entries ret\n-0000f8a0: 7572 6e65 6420 6279 20e2 8098 6f73 2d70 urned by ...os-p\n-0000f8b0: 726f 6265 72e2 8099 2066 6972 7374 2065 rober... first e\n-0000f8c0: 6e74 7279 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2070 7574 ntry will be put\n-0000f8d0: 206f 6e20 746f 700a 2020 2020 206c 6576 on top. lev\n-0000f8e0: 656c 2061 6e64 2061 6c6c 206f 7468 6572 el and all other\n-0000f8f0: 7320 696e 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2e20 2049 s in submenu. I\n-0000f900: 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 f this option is\n-0000f910: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 set to ...true.\n-0000f920: 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 2066 6c61 7420 6d65 ..,. flat me\n-0000f930: 6e75 2077 6974 6820 616c 6c20 656e 7472 nu with all entr\n-0000f940: 6965 7320 6f6e 2074 6f70 206c 6576 656c ies on top level\n-0000f950: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2067 656e 6572 6174 will be generat\n-0000f960: 6564 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2e0a 2020 2020 ed instead.. \n-0000f970: 2043 6861 6e67 696e 6720 7468 6973 206f Changing this o\n-0000f980: 7074 696f 6e20 7769 6c6c 2072 6571 7569 ption will requi\n-0000f990: 7265 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 6578 6973 re changing exis\n-0000f9a0: 7469 6e67 2076 616c 7565 7320 6f66 0a20 ting values of. \n-0000f9b0: 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f 4445 4641 ...GRUB_DEFA\n-0000f9c0: 554c 54e2 8099 2c20 e280 9866 616c 6c62 ULT..., ...fallb\n-0000f9d0: 6163 6be2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6661 ack... 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T\n-0000fc30: 6869 7320 6973 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 his is particula\n-0000fc40: 726c 790a 2020 2020 2075 7365 6675 6c20 rly. useful \n-0000fc50: 666f 7220 7573 6572 7320 756e 6162 6c65 for users unable\n-0000fc60: 2074 6f20 7365 6520 7468 6520 7363 7265 to see the scre\n-0000fc70: 656e 2e20 2054 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f en. The value o\n-0000fc80: 6620 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 7469 f this. opti\n-0000fc90: 6f6e 2069 7320 7061 7373 6564 2064 6972 on is passed dir\n-0000fca0: 6563 746c 7920 746f 202a 6e6f 7465 2070 ectly to *note p\n-0000fcb0: 6c61 793a 3a2e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f lay::......GRUB_\n-0000fcc0: 4241 4452 414d e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 BADRAM.... I\n-0000fcd0: 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 f this option is\n-0000fce0: 2073 6574 2c20 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 set, GRUB will \n-0000fcf0: 6973 7375 6520 6120 2a6e 6f74 6520 6261 issue a *note ba\n-0000fd00: 6472 616d 3a3a 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 dram:: command t\n-0000fd10: 6f0a 2020 2020 2066 696c 7465 7220 6f75 o. filter ou\n-0000fd20: 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7265 6769 t specified regi\n-0000fd30: 6f6e 7320 6f66 2052 414d 2e0a 0ae2 8098 ons of RAM......\n-0000fd40: 4752 5542 5f50 5245 4c4f 4144 5f4d 4f44 GRUB_PRELOAD_MOD\n-0000fd50: 554c 4553 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 ULES.... Thi\n-0000fd60: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 2062 6520 s option may be \n-0000fd70: 7365 7420 746f 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 set to a list of\n-0000fd80: 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 206e 616d GRUB module nam\n-0000fd90: 6573 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 790a es separated by.\n-0000fda0: 2020 2020 2073 7061 6365 732e 2020 4561 spaces. Ea\n-0000fdb0: 6368 206d 6f64 756c 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 ch module will b\n-0000fdc0: 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 7320 6561 726c e loaded as earl\n-0000fdd0: 7920 6173 2070 6f73 7369 626c 652c 2061 y as possible, a\n-0000fde0: 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 2073 7461 7274 t the. start\n-0000fdf0: 206f 6620 e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 of ...grub.cfg.\n-0000fe00: 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f52 4543 ........GRUB_REC\n-0000fe10: 4f52 4446 4149 4c5f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 ORDFAIL_TIMEOUT.\n-0000fe20: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 ... If this \n-0000fe30: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 option is set, i\n-0000fe40: 7420 6f76 6572 7269 6465 7320 7468 6520 t overrides the \n-0000fe50: 6465 6661 756c 7420 7265 636f 7264 6661 default recordfa\n-0000fe60: 696c 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2e0a 2020 2020 il setting.. \n-0000fe70: 2041 2073 6574 7469 6e67 206f 6620 2d31 A setting of -1\n-0000fe80: 2063 6175 7365 7320 4752 5542 2074 6f20 causes GRUB to \n-0000fe90: 7761 6974 2066 6f72 2075 7365 7220 696e wait for user in\n-0000fea0: 7075 7420 696e 6465 6669 6e69 7465 6c79 put indefinitely\n-0000feb0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 .. 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The\n-0000ff50: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2073 6574 7469 6e67 default setting\n-0000ff60: 2069 7320 3330 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6361 is 30, which ca\n-0000ff70: 7573 6573 2047 5255 4220 746f 2077 6169 uses GRUB to wai\n-0000ff80: 740a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 2075 7365 7220 t. for user \n-0000ff90: 696e 7075 7420 666f 7220 7468 6972 7479 input for thirty\n-0000ffa0: 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2062 6566 6f72 6520 seconds before \n-0000ffb0: 636f 6e74 696e 7569 6e67 2e20 2054 6869 continuing. 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If you\n-000104c0: 2073 6574 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f48 4944 set ...GRUB_HID\n-000104d0: 4445 4e5f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 2c20 DEN_TIMEOUT..., \n-000104e0: 796f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 2061 6c73 6f20 you should also \n-000104f0: 7365 740a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 set. ...GRUB\n-00010500: 5f54 494d 454f 5554 3d30 e280 9920 736f _TIMEOUT=0... so\n-00010510: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 that the menu i\n-00010520: 7320 6e6f 7420 6469 7370 6c61 7965 6420 s not displayed \n-00010530: 6174 2061 6c6c 2075 6e6c 6573 730a 2020 at all unless. \n-00010540: 2020 203c 4553 433e 206f 7220 3c46 343e or \n-00010550: 2061 7265 2070 7265 7373 6564 2c20 6f72 are pressed, or\n-00010560: 203c 5348 4946 543e 2069 7320 6865 6c64 is held\n-00010570: 2064 6f77 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 down... 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For m\n-000108d0: 6f72 6520 6465 7461 696c 6564 2063 7573 ore detailed cus\n-000108e0: 746f 6d69 7361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 e280 tomisation of ..\n-000108f0: 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 .grub-mkconfig..\n-00010900: 9927 7320 6f75 7470 7574 2c20 796f 7520 .'s output, you \n-00010910: 6d61 790a 6564 6974 2074 6865 2073 6372 may.edit the scr\n-00010920: 6970 7473 2069 6e20 e280 982f 6574 632f ipts in .../etc/\n-00010930: 6772 7562 2e64 e280 9920 6469 7265 6374 grub.d... direct\n-00010940: 6c79 2e20 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 2f67 7275 ly. .../etc/gru\n-00010950: 622e 642f 3430 5f63 7573 746f 6de2 8099 b.d/40_custom...\n-00010960: 2069 730a 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 6c79 is.particularly\n-00010970: 2075 7365 6675 6c20 666f 7220 6164 6469 useful for addi\n-00010980: 6e67 2065 6e74 6972 6520 6375 7374 6f6d ng entire custom\n-00010990: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 733b 2073 menu entries; s\n-000109a0: 696d 706c 7920 7479 7065 0a74 6865 206d imply type.the m\n-000109b0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 796f 7520 enu entries you \n-000109c0: 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 6164 6420 6174 2074 want to add at t\n-000109d0: 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 7468 6174 2066 he end of that f\n-000109e0: 696c 652c 206d 616b 696e 6720 7375 7265 ile, making sure\n-000109f0: 2074 6f0a 6c65 6176 6520 6174 206c 6561 to.leave at lea\n-00010a00: 7374 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2074 776f st the first two\n-00010a10: 206c 696e 6573 2069 6e74 6163 742e 0a0a lines intact...\n-00010a20: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00010a30: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 526f 6f74 2049 o, Node: Root I\n-00010a40: 6465 6e74 6966 6361 7469 6f6e 2048 6575 dentifcation Heu\n-00010a50: 7269 7374 6963 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ristics, Next: \n-00010a60: 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 Shell-like scrip\n-00010a70: 7469 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2053 696d ting, Prev: Sim\n-00010a80: 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ple configuratio\n-00010a90: 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6e66 6967 7572 n, Up: Configur\n-00010aa0: 6174 696f 6e0a 0a36 2e32 2052 6f6f 7420 ation..6.2 Root \n-00010ab0: 4964 656e 7469 6663 6174 696f 6e20 4865 Identifcation He\n-00010ac0: 7572 6973 7469 6373 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d uristics.=======\n+0000c090: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 =====..The progr\n+0000c0a0: 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e am ...grub-mkcon\n+0000c0b0: 6669 67e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e fig... 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In \n+0000c320: 7468 6520 6d65 616e 7469 6d65 2c20 7468 the meantime, th\n+0000c330: 6f73 6520 7768 6f20 6665 656c 2074 6861 ose who feel tha\n+0000c340: 7420 6974 2077 6f75 6c64 0a62 6520 6561 t it would.be ea\n+0000c350: 7369 6572 2074 6f20 7772 6974 6520 e280 sier to write ..\n+0000c360: 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2064 6972 .grub.cfg... dir\n+0000c370: 6563 746c 7920 6172 6520 656e 636f 7572 ectly are encour\n+0000c380: 6167 6564 2074 6f20 646f 2073 6f20 282a aged to do so (*\n+0000c390: 6e6f 7465 0a42 6f6f 7469 6e67 3a3a 2c20 note.Booting::, \n+0000c3a0: 616e 6420 2a6e 6f74 6520 5368 656c 6c2d and *note Shell-\n+0000c3b0: 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 3a3a like scripting::\n+0000c3c0: 292c 2061 6e64 2074 6f20 6469 7361 626c ), and to disabl\n+0000c3d0: 6520 616e 7920 7379 7374 656d 0a70 726f e any system.pro\n+0000c3e0: 7669 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 6972 2064 vided by their d\n+0000c3f0: 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e20 746f 2061 istribution to a\n+0000c400: 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2072 756e utomatically run\n+0000c410: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ...grub-mkconfi\n+0000c420: 67e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6669 g...... 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It is\n+0000c480: 2073 6f75 7263 6564 2062 7920 6120 7368 sourced by a sh\n+0000c490: 656c 6c20 7363 7269 7074 2c20 616e 6420 ell script, and \n+0000c4a0: 736f 206d 7573 7420 6265 2076 616c 6964 so must be valid\n+0000c4b0: 0a50 4f53 4958 2073 6865 6c6c 2069 6e70 .POSIX shell inp\n+0000c4c0: 7574 3b20 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2c20 6974 ut; normally, it\n+0000c4d0: 2077 696c 6c20 6a75 7374 2062 6520 6120 will just be a \n+0000c4e0: 7365 7175 656e 6365 206f 6620 e280 984b sequence of ...K\n+0000c4f0: 4559 3d76 616c 7565 e280 990a 6c69 6e65 EY=value....line\n+0000c500: 732c 2062 7574 2069 6620 7468 6520 7661 s, but if the va\n+0000c510: 6c75 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2073 7061 lue contains spa\n+0000c520: 6365 7320 6f72 206f 7468 6572 2073 7065 ces or other spe\n+0000c530: 6369 616c 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 cial characters \n+0000c540: 7468 656e 0a69 7420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 then.it must be \n+0000c550: 7175 6f74 6564 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 quoted. For exa\n+0000c560: 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 mple:.. GRUB\n+0000c570: 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 4c5f 494e 5055 543d _TERMINAL_INPUT=\n+0000c580: 2263 6f6e 736f 6c65 2073 6572 6961 6c22 \"console serial\"\n+0000c590: 0a0a 2020 2056 616c 6964 206b 6579 7320 .. Valid keys \n+0000c5a0: 696e 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 2f64 6566 6175 in .../etc/defau\n+0000c5b0: 6c74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2061 7265 2061 lt/grub... are a\n+0000c5c0: 7320 666f 6c6c 6f77 733a 0a0a e280 9847 s follows:.....G\n+0000c5d0: 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 0a20 RUB_DEFAULT.... \n+0000c5e0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 The default \n+0000c5f0: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 2054 6869 menu entry. Thi\n+0000c600: 7320 6d61 7920 6265 2061 206e 756d 6265 s may be a numbe\n+0000c610: 722c 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 6361 7365 r, in which case\n+0000c620: 2069 740a 2020 2020 2069 6465 6e74 6966 it. identif\n+0000c630: 6965 7320 7468 6520 4e74 6820 656e 7472 ies the Nth entr\n+0000c640: 7920 696e 2074 6865 2067 656e 6572 6174 y in the generat\n+0000c650: 6564 206d 656e 7520 636f 756e 7465 6420 ed menu counted \n+0000c660: 6672 6f6d 207a 6572 6f2c 0a20 2020 2020 from zero,. \n+0000c670: 6f72 2074 6865 2074 6974 6c65 206f 6620 or the title of \n+0000c680: 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2c20 6f72 a menu entry, or\n+0000c690: 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 616c 2073 7472 the special str\n+0000c6a0: 696e 6720 e280 9873 6176 6564 e280 992e ing ...saved....\n+0000c6b0: 2020 5573 696e 670a 2020 2020 2074 6865 Using. the\n+0000c6c0: 2069 6420 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6675 id may be usefu\n+0000c6d0: 6c20 6966 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f l if you want to\n+0000c6e0: 2073 6574 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 set a menu entr\n+0000c6f0: 7920 6173 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 y as the default\n+0000c700: 0a20 2020 2020 6576 656e 2074 686f 7567 . even thoug\n+0000c710: 6820 7468 6572 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2061 h there may be a\n+0000c720: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 variable number\n+0000c730: 206f 6620 656e 7472 6965 7320 6265 666f of entries befo\n+0000c740: 7265 2069 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2046 6f72 re it... For\n+0000c750: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 example, if you\n+0000c760: 2068 6176 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e have:.. men\n+0000c770: 7565 6e74 7279 2027 4578 616d 706c 6520 uentry 'Example \n+0000c780: 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 6469 7374 7269 GNU/Linux distri\n+0000c790: 6275 7469 6f6e 2720 2d2d 636c 6173 7320 bution' --class \n+0000c7a0: 676e 752d 6c69 6e75 7820 2d2d 6964 2065 gnu-linux --id e\n+0000c7b0: 7861 6d70 6c65 2d67 6e75 2d6c 696e 7578 xample-gnu-linux\n+0000c7c0: 207b 0a20 2020 2020 092e 2e2e 0a20 2020 {. ..... \n+0000c7d0: 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 7468 656e 2079 }.. then y\n+0000c7e0: 6f75 2063 616e 206d 616b 6520 7468 6973 ou can make this\n+0000c7f0: 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2075 7369 the default usi\n+0000c800: 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 ng:.. G\n+0000c810: 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c 543d 6578 616d RUB_DEFAULT=exam\n+0000c820: 706c 652d 676e 752d 6c69 6e75 780a 0a20 ple-gnu-linux.. \n+0000c830: 2020 2020 5072 6576 696f 7573 6c79 2069 Previously i\n+0000c840: 7420 7761 7320 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 t was documented\n+0000c850: 2074 6865 2077 6179 2074 6f20 7573 6520 the way to use \n+0000c860: 656e 7472 7920 7469 746c 652e 2020 5768 entry title. Wh\n+0000c870: 696c 650a 2020 2020 2074 6869 7320 7374 ile. this st\n+0000c880: 696c 6c20 776f 726b 7320 6974 2773 206e ill works it's n\n+0000c890: 6f74 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2073 ot recommended s\n+0000c8a0: 696e 6365 2074 6974 6c65 7320 6f66 7465 ince titles ofte\n+0000c8b0: 6e20 636f 6e74 6169 6e0a 2020 2020 2075 n contain. u\n+0000c8c0: 6e73 7461 626c 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e nstable device n\n+0000c8d0: 616d 6573 2061 6e64 206d 6179 2062 6520 ames and may be \n+0000c8e0: 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 0a0a 2020 2020 translated.. \n+0000c8f0: 2049 6620 796f 7520 7365 7420 7468 6973 If you set this\n+0000c900: 2074 6f20 e280 9873 6176 6564 e280 992c to ...saved...,\n+0000c910: 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c then the defaul\n+0000c920: 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2077 696c t menu entry wil\n+0000c930: 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6174 2073 l be. that s\n+0000c940: 6176 6564 2062 7920 e280 9847 5255 425f aved by ...GRUB_\n+0000c950: 5341 5645 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 206f SAVEDEFAULT... o\n+0000c960: 7220 e280 9867 7275 622d 7365 742d 6465 r ...grub-set-de\n+0000c970: 6661 756c 74e2 8099 2e20 2054 6869 730a fault.... This.\n+0000c980: 2020 2020 2072 656c 6965 7320 6f6e 2074 relies on t\n+0000c990: 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 he environment b\n+0000c9a0: 6c6f 636b 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6d61 7920 lock, which may \n+0000c9b0: 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 not be available\n+0000c9c0: 2069 6e20 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 6974 in all. sit\n+0000c9d0: 7561 7469 6f6e 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2045 uations (*note E\n+0000c9e0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b nvironment block\n+0000c9f0: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 ::)... The d\n+0000ca00: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 e280 9830 e280 efault is ...0..\n+0000ca10: 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 5341 5645 .......GRUB_SAVE\n+0000ca20: 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 DEFAULT.... \n+0000ca30: 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 If this option i\n+0000ca40: 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 7472 7565 s set to ...true\n+0000ca50: e280 992c 2074 6865 6e2c 2077 6865 6e20 ..., then, when \n+0000ca60: 616e 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7320 7365 6c65 an entry is sele\n+0000ca70: 6374 6564 2c0a 2020 2020 2073 6176 6520 cted,. save \n+0000ca80: 6974 2061 7320 6120 6e65 7720 6465 6661 it as a new defa\n+0000ca90: 756c 7420 656e 7472 7920 666f 7220 7573 ult entry for us\n+0000caa0: 6520 6279 2066 7574 7572 6520 7275 6e73 e by future runs\n+0000cab0: 206f 6620 4752 5542 2e20 5468 6973 0a20 of GRUB. This. \n+0000cac0: 2020 2020 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 7573 6566 is only usef\n+0000cad0: 756c 2069 6620 e280 9847 5255 425f 4445 ul if ...GRUB_DE\n+0000cae0: 4641 554c 543d 7361 7665 64e2 8099 3b20 FAULT=saved...; \n+0000caf0: 6974 2069 7320 6120 7365 7061 7261 7465 it is a separate\n+0000cb00: 206f 7074 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2062 6563 option. bec\n+0000cb10: 6175 7365 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4546 ause ...GRUB_DEF\n+0000cb20: 4155 4c54 3d73 6176 6564 e280 9920 6973 AULT=saved... is\n+0000cb30: 2075 7365 6675 6c20 7769 7468 6f75 7420 useful without \n+0000cb40: 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2069 6e0a this option, in.\n+0000cb50: 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6a75 6e63 7469 6f6e conjunction\n+0000cb60: 2077 6974 6820 e280 9867 7275 622d 7365 with ...grub-se\n+0000cb70: 742d 6465 6661 756c 74e2 8099 2e20 2055 t-default.... U\n+0000cb80: 6e73 6574 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c 742e nset by default.\n+0000cb90: 2020 5468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 7469 This. opti\n+0000cba0: 6f6e 2072 656c 6965 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 on relies on the\n+0000cbb0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f environment blo\n+0000cbc0: 636b 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6d61 7920 6e6f ck, which may no\n+0000cbd0: 7420 6265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 0a20 t be available. \n+0000cbe0: 2020 2020 696e 2061 6c6c 2073 6974 7561 in all situa\n+0000cbf0: 7469 6f6e 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2045 6e76 tions (*note Env\n+0000cc00: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a ironment block::\n+0000cc10: 292e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 )......GRUB_TIME\n+0000cc20: 4f55 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 426f 6f74 OUT.... Boot\n+0000cc30: 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 the default ent\n+0000cc40: 7279 2074 6869 7320 6d61 6e79 2073 6563 ry this many sec\n+0000cc50: 6f6e 6473 2061 6674 6572 2074 6865 206d onds after the m\n+0000cc60: 656e 7520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7370 enu is. disp\n+0000cc70: 6c61 7965 642c 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 6120 layed, unless a \n+0000cc80: 6b65 7920 6973 2070 7265 7373 6564 2e20 key is pressed. \n+0000cc90: 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 The default is \n+0000cca0: e280 9835 e280 992e 2020 5365 7420 746f ...5.... Set to\n+0000ccb0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9830 e280 9920 746f . ...0... to\n+0000ccc0: 2062 6f6f 7420 696d 6d65 6469 6174 656c boot immediatel\n+0000ccd0: 7920 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6469 7370 6c61 y without displa\n+0000cce0: 7969 6e67 2074 6865 206d 656e 752c 206f ying the menu, o\n+0000ccf0: 7220 746f 20e2 8098 2d31 e280 9920 746f r to ...-1... to\n+0000cd00: 0a20 2020 2020 7761 6974 2069 6e64 6566 . wait indef\n+0000cd10: 696e 6974 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 initely... I\n+0000cd20: 6620 e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 f ...GRUB_TIMEOU\n+0000cd30: 545f 5354 594c 45e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 T_STYLE... is se\n+0000cd40: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 636f 756e 7464 6f77 t to ...countdow\n+0000cd50: 6ee2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9868 6964 6465 n... or ...hidde\n+0000cd60: 6ee2 8099 2c20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2074 n..., the. t\n+0000cd70: 696d 656f 7574 2069 7320 696e 7374 6561 imeout is instea\n+0000cd80: 6420 636f 756e 7465 6420 6265 666f 7265 d counted before\n+0000cd90: 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6973 2064 6973 the menu is dis\n+0000cda0: 706c 6179 6564 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 played......GRUB\n+0000cdb0: 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 e280 _TIMEOUT_STYLE..\n+0000cdc0: 990a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f .. If this o\n+0000cdd0: 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2075 6e73 6574 206f ption is unset o\n+0000cde0: 7220 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 6d65 6e75 r set to ...menu\n+0000cdf0: e280 992c 2074 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2077 ..., then GRUB w\n+0000ce00: 696c 6c20 6469 7370 6c61 790a 2020 2020 ill display. \n+0000ce10: 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 616e 6420 7468 the menu and th\n+0000ce20: 656e 2077 6169 7420 666f 7220 7468 6520 en wait for the \n+0000ce30: 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 7365 7420 6279 20e2 timeout set by .\n+0000ce40: 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 e280 ..GRUB_TIMEOUT..\n+0000ce50: 9920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6578 7069 7265 . to. expire\n+0000ce60: 2062 6566 6f72 6520 626f 6f74 696e 6720 before booting \n+0000ce70: 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 the default entr\n+0000ce80: 792e 2020 5072 6573 7369 6e67 2061 206b y. Pressing a k\n+0000ce90: 6579 2069 6e74 6572 7275 7074 730a 2020 ey interrupts. \n+0000cea0: 2020 2074 6865 2074 696d 656f 7574 2e0a the timeout..\n+0000ceb0: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 . If this op\n+0000cec0: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 tion is set to .\n+0000ced0: 8098 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 206f ..countdown... o\n+0000cee0: 7220 e280 9868 6964 6465 6ee2 8099 2c20 r ...hidden..., \n+0000cef0: 7468 656e 2c20 6265 666f 7265 0a20 2020 then, before. \n+0000cf00: 2020 6469 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 2074 6865 displaying the\n+0000cf10: 206d 656e 752c 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c menu, GRUB will\n+0000cf20: 2077 6169 7420 666f 7220 7468 6520 7469 wait for the ti\n+0000cf30: 6d65 6f75 7420 7365 7420 6279 0a20 2020 meout set by. \n+0000cf40: 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 ...GRUB_TIMEOU\n+0000cf50: 54e2 8099 2074 6f20 6578 7069 7265 2e20 T... to expire. \n+0000cf60: 2049 6620 3c45 5343 3e20 6f72 203c 4634 If or are pressed, o\n+0000cf80: 7220 3c53 4849 4654 3e0a 2020 2020 2069 r . i\n+0000cf90: 7320 6865 6c64 2064 6f77 6e20 6475 7269 s held down duri\n+0000cfa0: 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7469 6d65 2c20 6974 ng that time, it\n+0000cfb0: 2077 696c 6c20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 will display th\n+0000cfc0: 6520 6d65 6e75 2061 6e64 2077 6169 740a e menu and wait.\n+0000cfd0: 2020 2020 2066 6f72 2069 6e70 7574 2e20 for input. \n+0000cfe0: 2049 6620 6120 686f 746b 6579 2061 7373 If a hotkey ass\n+0000cff0: 6f63 6961 7465 6420 7769 7468 2061 206d ociated with a m\n+0000d000: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6973 2070 7265 enu entry is pre\n+0000d010: 7373 6564 2c20 6974 0a20 2020 2020 7769 ssed, it. wi\n+0000d020: 6c6c 2062 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 6173 736f ll boot the asso\n+0000d030: 6369 6174 6564 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 ciated menu entr\n+0000d040: 7920 696d 6d65 6469 6174 656c 792e 2020 y immediately. \n+0000d050: 4966 2074 6865 2074 696d 656f 7574 0a20 If the timeout. \n+0000d060: 2020 2020 6578 7069 7265 7320 6265 666f expires befo\n+0000d070: 7265 2065 6974 6865 7220 6f66 2074 6865 re either of the\n+0000d080: 7365 2068 6170 7065 6e73 2c20 6974 2077 se happens, it w\n+0000d090: 696c 6c20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2064 6566 ill boot the def\n+0000d0a0: 6175 6c74 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7472 792e ault. entry.\n+0000d0b0: 2020 496e 2074 6865 20e2 8098 636f 756e In the ...coun\n+0000d0c0: 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 2063 6173 652c 2069 tdown... case, i\n+0000d0d0: 7420 7769 6c6c 2073 686f 7720 6120 6f6e t will show a on\n+0000d0e0: 652d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e64 6963 6174 696f e-line indicatio\n+0000d0f0: 6e0a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7468 6520 7265 n. of the re\n+0000d100: 6d61 696e 696e 6720 7469 6d65 2e0a 0ae2 maining time....\n+0000d110: 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 5f42 ..GRUB_DEFAULT_B\n+0000d120: 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 UTTON.......GRUB\n+0000d130: 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 _TIMEOUT_BUTTON.\n+0000d140: 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f ......GRUB_TIMEO\n+0000d150: 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 UT_STYLE_BUTTON.\n+0000d160: 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f42 5554 544f ......GRUB_BUTTO\n+0000d170: 4e5f 434d 4f53 5f41 4444 5245 5353 e280 N_CMOS_ADDRESS..\n+0000d180: 990a 2020 2020 2056 6172 6961 6e74 7320 .. Variants \n+0000d190: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e of the correspon\n+0000d1a0: 6469 6e67 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2077 ding variables w\n+0000d1b0: 6974 686f 7574 2074 6865 20e2 8098 5f42 ithout the ..._B\n+0000d1c0: 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 7375 UTTON.... su\n+0000d1d0: 6666 6978 2c20 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7375 ffix, used to su\n+0000d1e0: 7070 6f72 7420 7665 6e64 6f72 2d73 7065 pport vendor-spe\n+0000d1f0: 6369 6669 6320 706f 7765 7220 6275 7474 cific power butt\n+0000d200: 6f6e 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 ons. *Note. \n+0000d210: 2056 656e 646f 7220 706f 7765 722d 6f6e Vendor power-on\n+0000d220: 206b 6579 733a 3a2e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 keys::......GRU\n+0000d230: 425f 4449 5354 5249 4255 544f 52e2 8099 B_DISTRIBUTOR...\n+0000d240: 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7420 6279 2064 6973 . Set by dis\n+0000d250: 7472 6962 7574 6f72 7320 6f66 2047 5255 tributors of GRU\n+0000d260: 4220 746f 2074 6865 6972 2069 6465 6e74 B to their ident\n+0000d270: 6966 7969 6e67 206e 616d 652e 2020 5468 ifying name. Th\n+0000d280: 6973 2069 730a 2020 2020 2075 7365 6420 is is. used \n+0000d290: 746f 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 6d6f 7265 to generate more\n+0000d2a0: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 7665 206d 656e informative men\n+0000d2b0: 7520 656e 7472 7920 7469 746c 6573 2e0a u entry titles..\n+0000d2c0: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 ....GRUB_TERMINA\n+0000d2d0: 4c5f 494e 5055 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 L_INPUT.... \n+0000d2e0: 5365 6c65 6374 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 Select the termi\n+0000d2f0: 6e61 6c20 696e 7075 7420 6465 7669 6365 nal input device\n+0000d300: 2e20 2059 6f75 206d 6179 2073 656c 6563 . You may selec\n+0000d310: 7420 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2064 6576 6963 t multiple devic\n+0000d320: 6573 0a20 2020 2020 6865 7265 2c20 7365 es. here, se\n+0000d330: 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2073 7061 6365 parated by space\n+0000d340: 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2056 616c 6964 2074 s... Valid t\n+0000d350: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e 7075 7420 6e61 erminal input na\n+0000d360: 6d65 7320 6465 7065 6e64 206f 6e20 7468 mes depend on th\n+0000d370: 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 2c20 6275 7420 e platform, but \n+0000d380: 6d61 7920 696e 636c 7564 650a 2020 2020 may include. \n+0000d390: 20e2 8098 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 2028 ...console... (\n+0000d3a0: 6e61 7469 7665 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 native platform \n+0000d3b0: 636f 6e73 6f6c 6529 2c20 e280 9873 6572 console), ...ser\n+0000d3c0: 6961 6ce2 8099 2028 7365 7269 616c 2074 ial... (serial t\n+0000d3d0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c29 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 erminal),. .\n+0000d3e0: 8098 7365 7269 616c 5f3c 706f 7274 3ee2 ..serial_.\n+0000d3f0: 8099 2028 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 .. (serial termi\n+0000d400: 6e61 6c20 7769 7468 2065 7870 6c69 6369 nal with explici\n+0000d410: 7420 706f 7274 2073 656c 6563 7469 6f6e t port selection\n+0000d420: 292c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9861 745f 6b65 ),. ...at_ke\n+0000d430: 7962 6f61 7264 e280 9920 2850 4320 4154 yboard... (PC AT\n+0000d440: 206b 6579 626f 6172 6429 2c20 6f72 20e2 keyboard), or .\n+0000d450: 8098 7573 625f 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 e280 ..usb_keyboard..\n+0000d460: 9920 2855 5342 206b 6579 626f 6172 640a . (USB keyboard.\n+0000d470: 2020 2020 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2048 using the H\n+0000d480: 4944 2042 6f6f 7420 5072 6f74 6f63 6f6c ID Boot Protocol\n+0000d490: 2c20 666f 7220 6361 7365 7320 7768 6572 , for cases wher\n+0000d4a0: 6520 7468 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 2064 e the firmware d\n+0000d4b0: 6f65 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2068 616e oes not. han\n+0000d4c0: 646c 6520 7468 6973 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 dle this)... \n+0000d4d0: 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 The default is \n+0000d4e0: 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2070 6c61 7466 to use the platf\n+0000d4f0: 6f72 6d27 7320 6e61 7469 7665 2074 6572 orm's native ter\n+0000d500: 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e 7075 742e 0a0a e280 minal input.....\n+0000d510: 9847 5255 425f 5445 524d 494e 414c 5f4f .GRUB_TERMINAL_O\n+0000d520: 5554 5055 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 UTPUT.... Se\n+0000d530: 6c65 6374 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 lect the termina\n+0000d540: 6c20 6f75 7470 7574 2064 6576 6963 652e l output device.\n+0000d550: 2020 596f 7520 6d61 7920 7365 6c65 6374 You may select\n+0000d560: 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 6465 7669 6365 multiple device\n+0000d570: 730a 2020 2020 2068 6572 652c 2073 6570 s. here, sep\n+0000d580: 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 7370 6163 6573 arated by spaces\n+0000d590: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5661 6c69 6420 7465 ... Valid te\n+0000d5a0: 726d 696e 616c 206f 7574 7075 7420 6e61 rminal output na\n+0000d5b0: 6d65 7320 6465 7065 6e64 206f 6e20 7468 mes depend on th\n+0000d5c0: 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 2c20 6275 7420 e platform, but \n+0000d5d0: 6d61 7920 696e 636c 7564 650a 2020 2020 may include. \n+0000d5e0: 20e2 8098 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 2028 ...console... 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(si\n+0000d730: 6d70 6c65 2064 6174 6120 7072 6f74 6f63 mple data protoc\n+0000d740: 6f6c 2075 7369 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 ol using system \n+0000d750: 7370 6561 6b65 7229 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 speaker)... \n+0000d760: e280 9873 706b 6d6f 6465 6de2 8099 2069 ...spkmodem... i\n+0000d770: 7320 7573 6566 756c 2077 6865 6e20 6e6f s useful when no\n+0000d780: 2073 6572 6961 6c20 706f 7274 2069 7320 serial port is \n+0000d790: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 436f 6e6e available. Conn\n+0000d7a0: 6563 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 206f 7574 ect the. out\n+0000d7b0: 7075 7420 6f66 2073 656e 6469 6e67 2073 put of sending s\n+0000d7c0: 7973 7465 6d20 2877 6865 7265 2047 5255 ystem (where GRU\n+0000d7d0: 4220 6973 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2920 746f B is running) to\n+0000d7e0: 206c 696e 652d 696e 206f 660a 2020 2020 line-in of. \n+0000d7f0: 2072 6563 6569 7669 6e67 2073 7973 7465 receiving syste\n+0000d800: 6d20 2875 7375 616c 6c79 2064 6576 656c m (usually devel\n+0000d810: 6f70 6572 206d 6163 6869 6e65 292e 2020 oper machine). \n+0000d820: 4f6e 2072 6563 6569 7669 6e67 2073 7973 On receiving sys\n+0000d830: 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 7069 6c65 tem. compile\n+0000d840: 20e2 8098 7370 6b6d 6f64 656d 2d72 6563 ...spkmodem-rec\n+0000d850: 76e2 8099 2066 726f 6d20 e280 9875 7469 v... from ...uti\n+0000d860: 6c2f 7370 6b6d 6f64 656d 2d72 6563 762e l/spkmodem-recv.\n+0000d870: 63e2 8099 2061 6e64 2072 756e 3a0a 0a20 c... and run:.. \n+0000d880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 6563 6f72 parecor\n+0000d890: 6420 2d2d 6368 616e 6e65 6c73 3d31 202d d --channels=1 -\n+0000d8a0: 2d72 6174 653d 3438 3030 3020 2d2d 666f -rate=48000 --fo\n+0000d8b0: 726d 6174 3d73 3136 6c65 207c 202e 2f73 rmat=s16le | ./s\n+0000d8c0: 706b 6d6f 6465 6d2d 7265 6376 0a0a 2020 pkmodem-recv.. \n+0000d8d0: 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 The default i\n+0000d8e0: 7320 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2070 6c61 s to use the pla\n+0000d8f0: 7466 6f72 6d27 7320 6e61 7469 7665 2074 tform's native t\n+0000d900: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a erminal output..\n+0000d910: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 ....GRUB_TERMINA\n+0000d920: 4ce2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 L.... 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Comman\n+0000da60: 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 d-line arguments\n+0000da70: 2074 6f20 6164 6420 746f 206d 656e 7520 to add to menu \n+0000da80: 656e 7472 6965 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 entries for the \n+0000da90: 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2e0a 0ae2 Linux kernel....\n+0000daa0: 8098 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c ..GRUB_CMDLINE_L\n+0000dab0: 494e 5558 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 e280 990a INUX_DEFAULT....\n+0000dac0: 2020 2020 2055 6e6c 6573 7320 e280 9847 Unless ...G\n+0000dad0: 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 5245 434f RUB_DISABLE_RECO\n+0000dae0: 5645 5259 e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 VERY... is set t\n+0000daf0: 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2c20 7477 o ...true..., tw\n+0000db00: 6f20 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a20 o menu entries. \n+0000db10: 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6765 6e65 will be gene\n+0000db20: 7261 7465 6420 666f 7220 6561 6368 204c rated for each L\n+0000db30: 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c3a 206f 6e65 inux kernel: one\n+0000db40: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2061 default entry a\n+0000db50: 6e64 206f 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7472 nd one. entr\n+0000db60: 7920 666f 7220 7265 636f 7665 7279 206d y for recovery m\n+0000db70: 6f64 652e 2020 5468 6973 206f 7074 696f ode. This optio\n+0000db80: 6e20 6c69 7374 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 642d n lists command-\n+0000db90: 6c69 6e65 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 0a20 line arguments. \n+0000dba0: 2020 2020 746f 2061 6464 206f 6e6c 7920 to add only \n+0000dbb0: 746f 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d to the default m\n+0000dbc0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 792c 2061 6674 6572 enu entry, after\n+0000dbd0: 2074 686f 7365 206c 6973 7465 6420 696e those listed in\n+0000dbe0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f 434d . ...GRUB_CM\n+0000dbf0: 444c 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 2e0a DLINE_LINUX.....\n+0000dc00: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 ....GRUB_CMDLINE\n+0000dc10: 5f4c 494e 5558 5f52 4543 4f56 4552 59e2 _LINUX_RECOVERY.\n+0000dc20: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 556e 6c65 7373 20e2 ... Unless .\n+0000dc30: 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f52 ..GRUB_DISABLE_R\n+0000dc40: 4543 4f56 4552 59e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 ECOVERY... is se\n+0000dc50: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 992c t to ...true...,\n+0000dc60: 2074 776f 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 two menu entrie\n+0000dc70: 730a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2067 s. will be g\n+0000dc80: 656e 6572 6174 6564 2066 6f72 2065 6163 enerated for eac\n+0000dc90: 6820 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 3a20 h Linux kernel: \n+0000dca0: 6f6e 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 one default entr\n+0000dcb0: 7920 616e 6420 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2065 y and one. e\n+0000dcc0: 6e74 7279 2066 6f72 2072 6563 6f76 6572 ntry for recover\n+0000dcd0: 7920 6d6f 6465 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6f70 y mode. This op\n+0000dce0: 7469 6f6e 206c 6973 7473 2063 6f6d 6d61 tion lists comma\n+0000dcf0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 nd-line argument\n+0000dd00: 730a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 6164 6420 6f6e s. to add on\n+0000dd10: 6c79 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7265 636f 7665 ly to the recove\n+0000dd20: 7279 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 792c 2062 ry menu entry, b\n+0000dd30: 6566 6f72 6520 7468 6f73 6520 6c69 7374 efore those list\n+0000dd40: 6564 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 4752 ed in. ...GR\n+0000dd50: 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 UB_CMDLINE_LINUX\n+0000dd60: e280 992e 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c .... The defaul\n+0000dd70: 7420 6973 20e2 8098 7369 6e67 6c65 e280 t is ...single..\n+0000dd80: 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c .......GRUB_CMDL\n+0000dd90: 494e 455f 4e45 5442 5344 e280 990a e280 INE_NETBSD......\n+0000dda0: 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 4e45 .GRUB_CMDLINE_NE\n+0000ddb0: 5442 5344 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 e280 990a TBSD_DEFAULT....\n+0000ddc0: 2020 2020 2041 7320 e280 9847 5255 425f As ...GRUB_\n+0000ddd0: 434d 444c 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 CMDLINE_LINUX...\n+0000dde0: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 and ...GRUB_CMD\n+0000ddf0: 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f44 4546 4155 LINE_LINUX_DEFAU\n+0000de00: 4c54 e280 992c 2062 7574 2066 6f72 0a20 LT..., but for. \n+0000de10: 2020 2020 4e65 7442 5344 2e0a 0ae2 8098 NetBSD......\n+0000de20: 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f47 4e55 GRUB_CMDLINE_GNU\n+0000de30: 4d41 4348 e280 990a 2020 2020 2041 7320 MACH.... 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Xen\n+0000e000: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a0a menu entries...\n+0000e010: e280 9847 5255 425f 544f 505f 4c45 5645 ...GRUB_TOP_LEVE\n+0000e020: 4ce2 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4f50 L.......GRUB_TOP\n+0000e030: 5f4c 4556 454c 5f58 454e e280 990a 2020 _LEVEL_XEN.... \n+0000e040: 2020 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2073 This option s\n+0000e050: 686f 756c 6420 6265 2061 6e20 6162 736f hould be an abso\n+0000e060: 6c75 7465 2070 6174 6820 746f 2061 206b lute path to a k\n+0000e070: 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 652e 2020 4966 ernel image. If\n+0000e080: 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2c20 . provided, \n+0000e090: 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 7370 6563 6966 the image specif\n+0000e0a0: 6965 6420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6d61 6465 ied will be made\n+0000e0b0: 2074 6865 2074 6f70 2d6c 6576 656c 2065 the top-level e\n+0000e0c0: 6e74 7279 2069 660a 2020 2020 2069 7420 ntry if. it \n+0000e0d0: 6973 2066 6f75 6e64 2069 6e20 7468 6520 is found in the \n+0000e0e0: 7363 616e 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 scan......GRUB_T\n+0000e0f0: 4f50 5f4c 4556 454c 5f4f 535f 5052 4f42 OP_LEVEL_OS_PROB\n+0000e100: 4552 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 ER.... This \n+0000e110: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 option should be\n+0000e120: 2061 206c 696e 6520 6f66 206f 7574 7075 a line of outpu\n+0000e130: 7420 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 6f73 2d70 726f t from ...os-pro\n+0000e140: 6265 72e2 8099 2e20 2041 730a 2020 2020 ber.... As. \n+0000e150: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4f50 5f4c 4556 ...GRUB_TOP_LEV\n+0000e160: 454c e280 992c 2069 6620 7072 6f76 6964 EL..., if provid\n+0000e170: 6564 2c20 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 7370 ed, the image sp\n+0000e180: 6563 6966 6965 6420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 ecified will be \n+0000e190: 6d61 6465 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 746f made the. to\n+0000e1a0: 702d 6c65 7665 6c20 656e 7472 7920 6966 p-level entry if\n+0000e1b0: 2069 7420 6973 2066 6f75 6e64 2069 6e20 it is found in \n+0000e1c0: 7468 6520 7363 616e 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 the scan......GR\n+0000e1d0: 5542 5f45 4152 4c59 5f49 4e49 5452 445f UB_EARLY_INITRD_\n+0000e1e0: 4c49 4e55 585f 4355 5354 4f4d e280 990a LINUX_CUSTOM....\n+0000e1f0: e280 9847 5255 425f 4541 524c 595f 494e ...GRUB_EARLY_IN\n+0000e200: 4954 5244 5f4c 494e 5558 5f53 544f 434b ITRD_LINUX_STOCK\n+0000e210: e280 990a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 6f66 .... List of\n+0000e220: 2073 7061 6365 2d73 6570 6172 6174 6564 space-separated\n+0000e230: 2065 6172 6c79 2069 6e69 7472 6420 696d early initrd im\n+0000e240: 6167 6573 2074 6f20 6265 206c 6f61 6465 ages to be loade\n+0000e250: 6420 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982f d from. .../\n+0000e260: 626f 6f74 e280 992e 2020 5468 6973 2069 boot.... This i\n+0000e270: 7320 666f 7220 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 7468 s for loading th\n+0000e280: 696e 6773 206c 696b 6520 4350 5520 6d69 ings like CPU mi\n+0000e290: 6372 6f63 6f64 652c 2066 6972 6d77 6172 crocode, firmwar\n+0000e2a0: 652c 0a20 2020 2020 4143 5049 2074 6162 e,. ACPI tab\n+0000e2b0: 6c65 732c 2063 7279 7074 6f20 6b65 7973 les, crypto keys\n+0000e2c0: 2c20 616e 6420 736f 206f 6e2e 2020 5468 , and so on. Th\n+0000e2d0: 6573 6520 6561 726c 7920 696d 6167 6573 ese early images\n+0000e2e0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 6c6f will be. lo\n+0000e2f0: 6164 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6f72 6465 aded in the orde\n+0000e300: 7220 6465 636c 6172 6564 2c20 616e 6420 r declared, and \n+0000e310: 616c 6c20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 all will be load\n+0000e320: 6564 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7468 650a 2020 ed before the. \n+0000e330: 2020 2061 6374 7561 6c20 6675 6e63 7469 actual functi\n+0000e340: 6f6e 616c 2069 6e69 7472 6420 696d 6167 onal initrd imag\n+0000e350: 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 e... ...GRUB\n+0000e360: 5f45 4152 4c59 5f49 4e49 5452 445f 4c49 _EARLY_INITRD_LI\n+0000e370: 4e55 585f 5354 4f43 4be2 8099 2069 7320 NUX_STOCK... is \n+0000e380: 666f 7220 796f 7572 2064 6973 7472 6962 for your distrib\n+0000e390: 7574 696f 6e20 746f 2064 6563 6c61 7265 ution to declare\n+0000e3a0: 0a20 2020 2020 696d 6167 6573 2074 6861 . images tha\n+0000e3b0: 7420 6172 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 t are provided b\n+0000e3c0: 7920 7468 6520 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 y the distributi\n+0000e3d0: 6f6e 2e20 2049 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 206e on. It should n\n+0000e3e0: 6f74 2062 650a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 6966 ot be. modif\n+0000e3f0: 6965 6420 7769 7468 6f75 7420 756e 6465 ied without unde\n+0000e400: 7273 7461 6e64 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f rstanding the co\n+0000e410: 6e73 6571 7565 6e63 6573 2e20 2054 6865 nsequences. The\n+0000e420: 7920 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 206c y will be. l\n+0000e430: 6f61 6465 6420 6669 7273 742e 0a0a 2020 oaded first... \n+0000e440: 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f45 4152 4c59 ...GRUB_EARLY\n+0000e450: 5f49 4e49 5452 445f 4c49 4e55 585f 4355 _INITRD_LINUX_CU\n+0000e460: 5354 4f4d e280 9920 6973 2066 6f72 2079 STOM... is for y\n+0000e470: 6f75 7220 6375 7374 6f6d 2063 7265 6174 our custom creat\n+0000e480: 6564 2069 6d61 6765 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 ed images... \n+0000e490: 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2073 746f The default sto\n+0000e4a0: 636b 2069 6d61 6765 7320 6172 6520 6173 ck images are as\n+0000e4b0: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 2c20 7468 6f75 6768 follows, though\n+0000e4c0: 2074 6865 7920 6d61 7920 6265 0a20 2020 they may be. \n+0000e4d0: 2020 6f76 6572 7269 6464 656e 2062 7920 overridden by \n+0000e4e0: 796f 7572 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f your distributio\n+0000e4f0: 6e3a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e74 n:. int\n+0000e500: 656c 2d75 632e 696d 6720 696e 7465 6c2d el-uc.img intel-\n+0000e510: 7563 6f64 652e 696d 6720 616d 642d 7563 ucode.img amd-uc\n+0000e520: 2e69 6d67 2061 6d64 2d75 636f 6465 2e69 .img amd-ucode.i\n+0000e530: 6d67 2065 6172 6c79 5f75 636f 6465 2e63 mg early_ucode.c\n+0000e540: 7069 6f20 6d69 6372 6f63 6f64 652e 6370 pio microcode.cp\n+0000e550: 696f 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 io.....GRUB_DISA\n+0000e560: 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 5555 4944 e280 BLE_LINUX_UUID..\n+0000e570: 990a 2020 2020 204e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 792c .. Normally,\n+0000e580: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ...grub-mkconfi\n+0000e590: 67e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6765 6e65 7261 g... will genera\n+0000e5a0: 7465 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 te menu entries \n+0000e5b0: 7468 6174 2075 7365 0a20 2020 2020 756e that use. un\n+0000e5c0: 6976 6572 7361 6c6c 792d 756e 6971 7565 iversally-unique\n+0000e5d0: 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7273 2028 5555 identifiers (UU\n+0000e5e0: 4944 7329 2074 6f20 6964 656e 7469 6679 IDs) to identify\n+0000e5f0: 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2066 the root. f\n+0000e600: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 746f 2074 6865 ilesystem to the\n+0000e610: 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c2c 2075 Linux kernel, u\n+0000e620: 7369 6e67 2061 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 3d55 sing a ...root=U\n+0000e630: 5549 443d 2e2e 2ee2 8099 206b 6572 6e65 UID=...... kerne\n+0000e640: 6c0a 2020 2020 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 l. parameter\n+0000e650: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2075 7375 616c . This is usual\n+0000e660: 6c79 206d 6f72 6520 7265 6c69 6162 6c65 ly more reliable\n+0000e670: 2c20 6275 7420 696e 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 , but in some ca\n+0000e680: 7365 7320 6974 206d 6179 0a20 2020 2020 ses it may. \n+0000e690: 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 not be appropria\n+0000e6a0: 7465 2e20 2054 6f20 6469 7361 626c 6520 te. To disable \n+0000e6b0: 7468 6520 7573 6520 6f66 2055 5549 4473 the use of UUIDs\n+0000e6c0: 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f , set this optio\n+0000e6d0: 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 n. to ...tru\n+0000e6e0: 65e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 e.........GRUB_D\n+0000e6f0: 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f50 4152 ISABLE_LINUX_PAR\n+0000e700: 5455 5549 44e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 TUUID.... If\n+0000e710: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ...grub-mkconfi\n+0000e720: 67e2 8099 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 6964 656e g... cannot iden\n+0000e730: 7469 6679 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 tify the root fi\n+0000e740: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2076 6961 2069 7473 lesystem via its\n+0000e750: 0a20 2020 2020 756e 6976 6572 7361 6c6c . universall\n+0000e760: 792d 756e 6971 7565 2069 6e64 656e 7469 y-unique indenti\n+0000e770: 6669 6572 2028 5555 4944 292c 20e2 8098 fier (UUID), ...\n+0000e780: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 grub-mkconfig...\n+0000e790: 2063 616e 2075 7365 2074 6865 0a20 2020 can use the. \n+0000e7a0: 2020 5555 4944 206f 6620 7468 6520 7061 UUID of the pa\n+0000e7b0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 rtition containi\n+0000e7c0: 6e67 2074 6865 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 ng the filesyste\n+0000e7d0: 6d20 746f 2069 6465 6e74 6966 7920 7468 m to identify th\n+0000e7e0: 650a 2020 2020 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 e. root file\n+0000e7f0: 7379 7374 656d 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4c69 system to the Li\n+0000e800: 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2076 6961 2061 nux kernel via a\n+0000e810: 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 3d50 4152 5455 5549 ...root=PARTUUI\n+0000e820: 443d 2e2e 2ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 D=....... ke\n+0000e830: 726e 656c 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2e20 rnel parameter. \n+0000e840: 2054 6869 7320 6973 206e 6f74 2061 7320 This is not as \n+0000e850: 7265 6c69 6162 6c65 2061 7320 7573 696e reliable as usin\n+0000e860: 6720 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d g the filesystem\n+0000e870: 0a20 2020 2020 5555 4944 2c20 6275 7420 . UUID, but \n+0000e880: 6973 206d 6f72 6520 7265 6c69 6162 6c65 is more reliable\n+0000e890: 2074 6861 6e20 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 than using the \n+0000e8a0: 4c69 6e75 7820 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d Linux device nam\n+0000e8b0: 6573 2e20 2057 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 es. When. .\n+0000e8c0: 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c ..GRUB_DISABLE_L\n+0000e8d0: 494e 5558 5f50 4152 5455 5549 44e2 8099 INUX_PARTUUID...\n+0000e8e0: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 6661 is set to ...fa\n+0000e8f0: 6c73 65e2 8099 2c20 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 lse..., the Linu\n+0000e900: 7820 6b65 726e 656c 0a20 2020 2020 7665 x kernel. ve\n+0000e910: 7273 696f 6e20 6d75 7374 2062 6520 322e rsion must be 2.\n+0000e920: 362e 3337 2028 332e 3130 2066 6f72 2073 6.37 (3.10 for s\n+0000e930: 7973 7465 6d73 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 ystems using the\n+0000e940: 204d 5344 4f53 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e MSDOS partition\n+0000e950: 0a20 2020 2020 7363 6865 6d65 2920 6f72 . scheme) or\n+0000e960: 206e 6577 6572 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6f70 newer. This op\n+0000e970: 7469 6f6e 2064 6566 6175 6c74 7320 746f tion defaults to\n+0000e980: 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 992e 2020 546f ...true.... To\n+0000e990: 2065 6e61 626c 6520 7468 650a 2020 2020 enable the. \n+0000e9a0: 2075 7365 206f 6620 7061 7274 6974 696f use of partitio\n+0000e9b0: 6e20 5555 4944 732c 2073 6574 2074 6869 n UUIDs, set thi\n+0000e9c0: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 e280 9866 s option to ...f\n+0000e9d0: 616c 7365 e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 alse.........GRU\n+0000e9e0: 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 5245 434f 5645 B_DISABLE_RECOVE\n+0000e9f0: 5259 e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 RY.... If th\n+0000ea00: 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2073 6574 is option is set\n+0000ea10: 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2c20 to ...true..., \n+0000ea20: 6469 7361 626c 6520 7468 6520 6765 6e65 disable the gene\n+0000ea30: 7261 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7265 636f 7665 ration of recove\n+0000ea40: 7279 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f 6465 206d 656e ry. mode men\n+0000ea50: 7520 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a0a e280 9847 u entries......G\n+0000ea60: 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 5555 4944 RUB_DISABLE_UUID\n+0000ea70: e280 990a 2020 2020 204e 6f72 6d61 6c6c .... Normall\n+0000ea80: 792c 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e y, ...grub-mkcon\n+0000ea90: 6669 67e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6765 6e65 fig... will gene\n+0000eaa0: 7261 7465 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 rate menu entrie\n+0000eab0: 7320 7468 6174 2075 7365 0a20 2020 2020 s that use. \n+0000eac0: 756e 6976 6572 7361 6c6c 792d 756e 6971 universally-uniq\n+0000ead0: 7565 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7273 2028 ue identifiers (\n+0000eae0: 5555 4944 7329 2074 6f20 6964 656e 7469 UUIDs) to identi\n+0000eaf0: 6679 2076 6172 696f 7573 0a20 2020 2020 fy various. \n+0000eb00: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 7320 746f 2073 filesystems to s\n+0000eb10: 6561 7263 6820 666f 7220 6669 6c65 732e earch for files.\n+0000eb20: 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c This is usuall\n+0000eb30: 7920 6d6f 7265 2072 656c 6961 626c 652c y more reliable,\n+0000eb40: 0a20 2020 2020 6275 7420 696e 2073 6f6d . but in som\n+0000eb50: 6520 6361 7365 7320 6974 206d 6179 206e e cases it may n\n+0000eb60: 6f74 2062 6520 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 ot be appropriat\n+0000eb70: 652e 2020 546f 2064 6973 6162 6c65 2074 e. To disable t\n+0000eb80: 6869 7320 7573 650a 2020 2020 206f 6620 his use. of \n+0000eb90: 5555 4944 732c 2073 6574 2074 6869 7320 UUIDs, set this \n+0000eba0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 option to ...tru\n+0000ebb0: 65e2 8099 2e20 2053 6574 7469 6e67 2074 e.... Setting t\n+0000ebc0: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f0a 2020 his option to. \n+0000ebd0: 2020 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 992c 2077 ...true..., w\n+0000ebe0: 696c 6c20 616c 736f 2073 6574 2074 6865 ill also set the\n+0000ebf0: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 20e2 8098 4752 5542 options ...GRUB\n+0000ec00: 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f55 _DISABLE_LINUX_U\n+0000ec10: 5549 44e2 8099 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 UID... and. \n+0000ec20: e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f ...GRUB_DISABLE_\n+0000ec30: 4c49 4e55 585f 5041 5254 5555 4944 e280 LINUX_PARTUUID..\n+0000ec40: 9920 746f 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 992c . to ...true...,\n+0000ec50: 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 7468 6579 2068 6176 unless they hav\n+0000ec60: 6520 6265 656e 0a20 2020 2020 6578 706c e been. expl\n+0000ec70: 6963 696c 7479 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 icilty set to ..\n+0000ec80: 9866 616c 7365 e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 .false.........G\n+0000ec90: 5255 425f 5649 4445 4f5f 4241 434b 454e RUB_VIDEO_BACKEN\n+0000eca0: 44e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2067 7261 D.... If gra\n+0000ecb0: 7068 6963 616c 2076 6964 656f 2073 7570 phical video sup\n+0000ecc0: 706f 7274 2069 7320 7265 7175 6972 6564 port is required\n+0000ecd0: 2c20 6569 7468 6572 2062 6563 6175 7365 , either because\n+0000ece0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9867 6678 the. ...gfx\n+0000ecf0: 7465 726d e280 9920 6772 6170 6869 6361 term... graphica\n+0000ed00: 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2069 7320 696e l terminal is in\n+0000ed10: 2075 7365 206f 7220 6265 6361 7573 650a use or because.\n+0000ed20: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f47 4658 ...GRUB_GFX\n+0000ed30: 5041 594c 4f41 445f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 PAYLOAD_LINUX...\n+0000ed40: 2069 7320 7365 742c 2074 6865 6e20 e280 is set, then ..\n+0000ed50: 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 .grub-mkconfig..\n+0000ed60: 9920 7769 6c6c 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 790a . will normally.\n+0000ed70: 2020 2020 206c 6f61 6420 616c 6c20 6176 load all av\n+0000ed80: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 4752 5542 2076 6964 ailable GRUB vid\n+0000ed90: 656f 2064 7269 7665 7273 2061 6e64 2075 eo drivers and u\n+0000eda0: 7365 2074 6865 206f 6e65 206d 6f73 740a se the one most.\n+0000edb0: 2020 2020 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 appropriate\n+0000edc0: 2066 6f72 2079 6f75 7220 6861 7264 7761 for your hardwa\n+0000edd0: 7265 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 6e65 6564 re. If you need\n+0000ede0: 2074 6f20 6f76 6572 7269 6465 2074 6869 to override thi\n+0000edf0: 7320 666f 720a 2020 2020 2073 6f6d 6520 s for. some \n+0000ee00: 7265 6173 6f6e 2c20 7468 656e 2079 6f75 reason, then you\n+0000ee10: 2063 616e 2073 6574 2074 6869 7320 6f70 can set this op\n+0000ee20: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4166 7465 tion... Afte\n+0000ee30: 7220 e280 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c r ...grub-instal\n+0000ee40: 6ce2 8099 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e20 7275 l... has been ru\n+0000ee50: 6e2c 2074 6865 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 n, the available\n+0000ee60: 2076 6964 656f 2064 7269 7665 7273 2061 video drivers a\n+0000ee70: 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 7374 6564 2069 re. listed i\n+0000ee80: 6e20 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f n .../boot/grub/\n+0000ee90: 7669 6465 6f2e 6c73 74e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 video.lst.......\n+0000eea0: 8098 4752 5542 5f47 4658 4d4f 4445 e280 ..GRUB_GFXMODE..\n+0000eeb0: 990a 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 6865 2072 .. Set the r\n+0000eec0: 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e20 7573 6564 206f esolution used o\n+0000eed0: 6e20 7468 6520 e280 9867 6678 7465 726d n the ...gfxterm\n+0000eee0: e280 9920 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 7465 ... graphical te\n+0000eef0: 726d 696e 616c 2e20 204e 6f74 650a 2020 rminal. Note. \n+0000ef00: 2020 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 6361 6e20 that you can \n+0000ef10: 6f6e 6c79 2075 7365 206d 6f64 6573 2077 only use modes w\n+0000ef20: 6869 6368 2079 6f75 7220 6772 6170 6869 hich your graphi\n+0000ef30: 6373 2063 6172 6420 7375 7070 6f72 7473 cs card supports\n+0000ef40: 2076 6961 0a20 2020 2020 5645 5341 2042 via. 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T\n-000121a0: 6865 7365 206e 616d 6573 2072 6566 6572 hese names refer\n-000121b0: 2074 6f20 656e 7472 6965 7320 696e 0a74 to entries in.t\n-000121c0: 6865 2047 5255 4220 656e 7669 726f 6e6d he GRUB environm\n-000121d0: 656e 7420 282a 6e6f 7465 2045 6e76 6972 ent (*note Envir\n-000121e0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2050 onment::)... P\n-000121f0: 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 7661 7269 6162 ositional variab\n-00012200: 6c65 206e 616d 6573 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 le names consist\n-00012210: 206f 6620 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 of one or more \n-00012220: 6469 6769 7473 2e20 2054 6865 790a 7265 digits. They.re\n-00012230: 7072 6573 656e 7420 7061 7261 6d65 7465 present paramete\n-00012240: 7273 2070 6173 7365 6420 746f 2066 756e rs passed to fun\n-00012250: 6374 696f 6e20 6361 6c6c 732c 2077 6974 ction calls, wit\n-00012260: 6820 e280 9824 31e2 8099 2072 6570 7265 h ...$1... repre\n-00012270: 7365 6e74 696e 670a 7468 6520 6669 7273 senting.the firs\n-00012280: 7420 7061 7261 6d65 7465 722c 2061 6e64 t parameter, and\n-00012290: 2073 6f20 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 so on... The \n-000122a0: 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 special variable\n-000122b0: 206e 616d 6520 e280 983f e280 9920 6578 name ...?... ex\n-000122c0: 7061 6e64 7320 746f 2074 6865 2065 7869 pands to the exi\n-000122d0: 7420 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 6520 t status of the \n-000122e0: 6d6f 7374 0a72 6563 656e 746c 7920 6578 most.recently ex\n-000122f0: 6563 7574 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 ecuted command. \n-00012300: 2057 6865 6e20 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c When positional\n-00012310: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 variable names \n-00012320: 6172 6520 6163 7469 7665 2c0a 6f74 6865 are active,.othe\n-00012330: 7220 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7661 7269 6162 r special variab\n-00012340: 6c65 206e 616d 6573 20e2 8098 40e2 8099 le names ...@...\n-00012350: 2c20 e280 982a e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 , ...*... and ..\n-00012360: 9823 e280 9920 6172 6520 6465 6669 6e65 .#... are define\n-00012370: 6420 616e 6420 7468 6579 0a65 7870 616e d and they.expan\n-00012380: 6420 746f 2061 6c6c 2070 6f73 6974 696f d to all positio\n-00012390: 6e61 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2077 nal parameters w\n-000123a0: 6974 6820 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 7175 ith necessary qu\n-000123b0: 6f74 696e 672c 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 oting, positiona\n-000123c0: 6c0a 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2077 6974 l.parameters wit\n-000123d0: 686f 7574 2061 6e79 2071 756f 7469 6e67 hout any quoting\n-000123e0: 2c20 616e 6420 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c , and positional\n-000123f0: 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2063 6f75 6e74 parameter count\n-00012400: 0a72 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c 792e 0a0a .respectively...\n-00012410: 436f 6d6d 656e 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d Comments.=======\n-00012420: 3d0a 0a41 2077 6f72 6420 6265 6769 6e6e =..A word beginn\n-00012430: 696e 6720 7769 7468 20e2 8098 23e2 8099 ing with ...#...\n-00012440: 2063 6175 7365 7320 7468 6174 2077 6f72 causes that wor\n-00012450: 6420 616e 6420 616c 6c20 7265 6d61 696e d and all remain\n-00012460: 696e 6720 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 0a6f ing characters.o\n-00012470: 6e20 7468 6174 206c 696e 6520 746f 2062 n that line to b\n-00012480: 6520 6967 6e6f 7265 642e 0a0a 5369 6d70 e ignored...Simp\n-00012490: 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d le commands.====\n-000124a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 20e2 ===========..A .\n-000124b0: 809c 7369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ..simple command\n-000124c0: e280 9d20 6973 2061 2073 6571 7565 6e63 ... is a sequenc\n-000124d0: 6520 6f66 2077 6f72 6473 2073 6570 6172 e of words separ\n-000124e0: 6174 6564 2062 7920 7370 6163 6573 206f ated by spaces o\n-000124f0: 7220 7461 6273 0a61 6e64 2074 6572 6d69 r tabs.and termi\n-00012500: 6e61 7465 6420 6279 2061 2073 656d 6963 nated by a semic\n-00012510: 6f6c 6f6e 206f 7220 6120 6e65 776c 696e olon or a newlin\n-00012520: 652e 2020 5468 6520 6669 7273 7420 776f e. The first wo\n-00012530: 7264 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 0a74 6865 rd specifies.the\n-00012540: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6f20 6265 2065 command to be e\n-00012550: 7865 6375 7465 642e 2020 5468 6520 7265 xecuted. The re\n-00012560: 6d61 696e 696e 6720 776f 7264 7320 6172 maining words ar\n-00012570: 6520 7061 7373 6564 2061 7320 6172 6775 e passed as argu\n-00012580: 6d65 6e74 730a 746f 2074 6865 2069 6e76 ments.to the inv\n-00012590: 6f6b 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 oked command... \n-000125a0: 2020 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c The return val\n-000125b0: 7565 206f 6620 6120 7369 6d70 6c65 2063 ue of a simple c\n-000125c0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6974 7320 6578 ommand is its ex\n-000125d0: 6974 2073 7461 7475 732e 2020 4966 2074 it status. If t\n-000125e0: 6865 0a72 6573 6572 7665 6420 776f 7264 he.reserved word\n-000125f0: 20e2 8098 21e2 8099 2070 7265 6365 6465 ...!... precede\n-00012600: 7320 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642c 2074 s the command, t\n-00012610: 6865 6e20 7468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 hen the return v\n-00012620: 616c 7565 2069 7320 696e 7374 6561 640a alue is instead.\n-00012630: 7468 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 6e65 6761 the logical nega\n-00012640: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d tion of the comm\n-00012650: 616e 6427 7320 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 and's exit statu\n-00012660: 732e 0a0a 436f 6d70 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6d s...Compound com\n-00012670: 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d mands.==========\n-00012680: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 20e2 809c 636f =======..A ...co\n-00012690: 6d70 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 e280 mpound command..\n-000126a0: 9d20 6973 206f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6520 . is one of the \n-000126b0: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 673a 0a0a 666f 7220 following:..for \n-000126c0: 4e41 4d45 2069 6e20 574f 5244 202e 2e2e NAME in WORD ...\n-000126d0: 3b20 646f 204c 4953 543b 2064 6f6e 650a ; do LIST; done.\n-000126e0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 The list of\n-000126f0: 2077 6f72 6473 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 words following\n-00012700: 20e2 8098 696e e280 9920 6973 2065 7870 ...in... is exp\n-00012710: 616e 6465 642c 2067 656e 6572 6174 696e anded, generatin\n-00012720: 6720 6120 6c69 7374 206f 660a 2020 2020 g a list of. \n-00012730: 2069 7465 6d73 2e20 2054 6865 2076 6172 items. The var\n-00012740: 6961 626c 6520 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 7365 iable NAME is se\n-00012750: 7420 746f 2065 6163 6820 656c 656d 656e t to each elemen\n-00012760: 7420 6f66 2074 6869 7320 6c69 7374 2069 t of this list i\n-00012770: 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 7572 6e2c 2061 6e64 n. turn, and\n-00012780: 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 LIST is execute\n-00012790: 6420 6561 6368 2074 696d 652e 2020 5468 d each time. Th\n-000127a0: 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 2069 e return value i\n-000127b0: 7320 7468 6520 6578 6974 0a20 2020 2020 s the exit. \n-000127c0: 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c61 status of the la\n-000127d0: 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6861 7420 st command that \n-000127e0: 6578 6563 7574 6573 2e20 2049 6620 7468 executes. If th\n-000127f0: 6520 6578 7061 6e73 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 e expansion of t\n-00012800: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 7320 666f he. items fo\n-00012810: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 e280 9869 6ee2 8099 llowing ...in...\n-00012820: 2072 6573 756c 7473 2069 6e20 616e 2065 results in an e\n-00012830: 6d70 7479 206c 6973 742c 206e 6f20 636f mpty list, no co\n-00012840: 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 mmands are. \n-00012850: 6578 6563 7574 6564 2c20 616e 6420 7468 executed, and th\n-00012860: 6520 7265 7475 726e 2073 7461 7475 7320 e return status \n-00012870: 6973 2030 2e0a 0a69 6620 4c49 5354 3b20 is 0...if LIST; \n-00012880: 7468 656e 204c 4953 543b 205b 656c 6966 then LIST; [elif\n-00012890: 204c 4953 543b 2074 6865 6e20 4c49 5354 LIST; then LIST\n-000128a0: 3b5d 202e 2e2e 205b 656c 7365 204c 4953 ;] ... [else LIS\n-000128b0: 543b 5d20 6669 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 T;] fi. The \n-000128c0: e280 9869 66e2 8099 204c 4953 5420 6973 ...if... LIST is\n-000128d0: 2065 7865 6375 7465 642c 2077 6865 7265 executed, where\n-000128e0: 204c 4953 5420 6973 2061 2073 6572 6965 LIST is a serie\n-000128f0: 7320 6f66 20e2 809c 7369 6d70 6c65 0a20 s of ...simple. \n-00012900: 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 64e2 809d 7320 command...s \n-00012910: 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 2022 separated by a \"\n-00012920: 3b22 2e20 2049 6620 6974 7320 6578 6974 ;\". If its exit\n-00012930: 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2074 6865 206c status of the l\n-00012940: 6173 740a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ast. command\n-00012950: 2069 7320 7a65 726f 2c20 7468 6520 e280 is zero, the ..\n-00012960: 9874 6865 6ee2 8099 204c 4953 5420 6973 .then... LIST is\n-00012970: 2065 7865 6375 7465 642e 2020 4f74 6865 executed. Othe\n-00012980: 7277 6973 652c 2065 6163 680a 2020 2020 rwise, each. \n-00012990: 20e2 8098 656c 6966 e280 9920 4c49 5354 ...elif... LIST\n-000129a0: 2069 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 2069 6e20 is executed in \n-000129b0: 7475 726e 2c20 616e 6420 6966 2069 7473 turn, and if its\n-000129c0: 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 6427 7320 last command's \n-000129d0: 6578 6974 0a20 2020 2020 7374 6174 7573 exit. status\n-000129e0: 2069 7320 7a65 726f 2c20 7468 6520 636f is zero, the co\n-000129f0: 7272 6573 706f 6e64 696e 6720 e280 9874 rresponding ...t\n-00012a00: 6865 6ee2 8099 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 hen... LIST is e\n-00012a10: 7865 6375 7465 6420 616e 6420 7468 650a xecuted and the.\n-00012a20: 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 6f6d command com\n-00012a30: 706c 6574 6573 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 pletes. Otherwi\n-00012a40: 7365 2c20 7468 6520 e280 9865 6c73 65e2 se, the ...else.\n-00012a50: 8099 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 .. LIST is execu\n-00012a60: 7465 642c 2069 660a 2020 2020 2070 7265 ted, if. pre\n-00012a70: 7365 6e74 2e20 2054 6865 2065 7869 7420 sent. The exit \n-00012a80: 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 7468 6520 6578 status is the ex\n-00012a90: 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2074 6865 it status of the\n-00012aa0: 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 last command. \n-00012ab0: 2020 2065 7865 6375 7465 642c 206f 7220 executed, or \n-00012ac0: 7a65 726f 2069 6620 6e6f 2063 6f6e 6469 zero if no condi\n-00012ad0: 7469 6f6e 2074 6573 7465 6420 7472 7565 tion tested true\n-00012ae0: 2e0a 0a77 6869 6c65 2043 4f4e 443b 2064 ...while COND; d\n-00012af0: 6f20 4c49 5354 3b20 646f 6e65 0a75 6e74 o LIST; done.unt\n-00012b00: 696c 2043 4f4e 443b 2064 6f20 4c49 5354 il COND; do LIST\n-00012b10: 3b20 646f 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 ; done. The \n-00012b20: e280 9877 6869 6c65 e280 9920 636f 6d6d ...while... comm\n-00012b30: 616e 6420 636f 6e74 696e 756f 7573 6c79 and continuously\n-00012b40: 2065 7865 6375 7465 7320 7468 6520 e280 executes the ..\n-00012b50: 9864 6fe2 8099 204c 4953 5420 6173 206c .do... LIST as l\n-00012b60: 6f6e 6720 6173 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 ong as. the \n-00012b70: 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 6e20 last command in \n-00012b80: 434f 4e44 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2061 6e20 COND returns an \n-00012b90: 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 207a exit status of z\n-00012ba0: 6572 6f2c 2077 6865 7265 2043 4f4e 440a ero, where COND.\n-00012bb0: 2020 2020 2069 7320 6120 6c69 7374 206f is a list o\n-00012bc0: 6620 e280 9c73 696d 706c 6520 636f 6d6d f ...simple comm\n-00012bd0: 616e 64e2 809d 7320 7365 7061 7261 7465 and...s separate\n-00012be0: 6420 6279 2061 2022 3b22 2e20 2054 6865 d by a \";\". The\n-00012bf0: 20e2 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 0a20 2020 ...until.... \n-00012c00: 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2069 6465 command is ide\n-00012c10: 6e74 6963 616c 2074 6f20 7468 6520 e280 ntical to the ..\n-00012c20: 9877 6869 6c65 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e .while... comman\n-00012c30: 642c 2065 7863 6570 7420 7468 6174 2074 d, except that t\n-00012c40: 6865 2074 6573 740a 2020 2020 2069 7320 he test. is \n-00012c50: 6e65 6761 7465 643b 2074 6865 20e2 8098 negated; the ...\n-00012c60: 646f e280 9920 4c49 5354 2069 7320 6578 do... LIST is ex\n-00012c70: 6563 7574 6564 2061 7320 6c6f 6e67 2061 ecuted as long a\n-00012c80: 7320 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 s the last comma\n-00012c90: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2043 4f4e 4420 nd. in COND \n-00012ca0: 7265 7475 726e 7320 6120 6e6f 6e2d 7a65 returns a non-ze\n-00012cb0: 726f 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 2e20 ro exit status. \n-00012cc0: 2054 6865 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 The exit status\n-00012cd0: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 of the. ...\n-00012ce0: 7768 696c 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 while... and ...\n-00012cf0: 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 until... command\n-00012d00: 7320 6973 2074 6865 2065 7869 7420 7374 s is the exit st\n-00012d10: 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c61 7374 atus of the last\n-00012d20: 20e2 8098 646f e280 990a 2020 2020 204c ...do.... L\n-00012d30: 4953 5420 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6578 6563 IST command exec\n-00012d40: 7574 6564 2c20 6f72 207a 6572 6f20 6966 uted, or zero if\n-00012d50: 206e 6f6e 6520 7761 7320 6578 6563 7574 none was execut\n-00012d60: 6564 2e0a 0a66 756e 6374 696f 6e20 4e41 ed...function NA\n-00012d70: 4d45 207b 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3b20 2e2e ME { COMMAND; ..\n-00012d80: 2e20 7d0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6465 . }. This de\n-00012d90: 6669 6e65 7320 6120 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e fines a function\n-00012da0: 206e 616d 6564 204e 414d 452e 2020 5468 named NAME. Th\n-00012db0: 6520 e280 9c62 6f64 79e2 809d 206f 6620 e ...body... of \n-00012dc0: 7468 6520 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2069 730a the function is.\n-00012dd0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 the list of\n-00012de0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7769 7468 696e commands within\n-00012df0: 2062 7261 6365 732c 2065 6163 6820 6f66 braces, each of\n-00012e00: 2077 6869 6368 206d 7573 7420 6265 0a20 which must be. \n-00012e10: 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e 6174 6564 2077 terminated w\n-00012e20: 6974 6820 6120 7365 6d69 636f 6c6f 6e20 ith a semicolon \n-00012e30: 6f72 2061 206e 6577 6c69 6e65 2e20 2054 or a newline. T\n-00012e40: 6869 7320 6c69 7374 206f 6620 636f 6d6d his list of comm\n-00012e50: 616e 6473 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 ands. will b\n-00012e60: 6520 6578 6563 7574 6564 2077 6865 6e65 e executed whene\n-00012e70: 7665 7220 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 7370 6563 ver NAME is spec\n-00012e80: 6966 6965 6420 6173 2074 6865 206e 616d ified as the nam\n-00012e90: 6520 6f66 2061 2073 696d 706c 650a 2020 e of a simple. \n-00012ea0: 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2046 756e command. Fun\n-00012eb0: 6374 696f 6e20 6465 6669 6e69 7469 6f6e ction definition\n-00012ec0: 7320 646f 206e 6f74 2061 6666 6563 7420 s do not affect \n-00012ed0: 7468 6520 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 the exit status \n-00012ee0: 696e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9824 3fe2 8099 in. ...$?...\n-00012ef0: 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 6578 6563 7574 6564 . When executed\n-00012f00: 2c20 7468 6520 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 , the exit statu\n-00012f10: 7320 6f66 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 s of a function \n-00012f20: 6973 2074 6865 2065 7869 740a 2020 2020 is the exit. \n-00012f30: 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2074 6865 206c status of the l\n-00012f40: 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6578 6563 ast command exec\n-00012f50: 7574 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 626f 6479 uted in the body\n-00012f60: 2e0a 0a6d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2054 4954 ...menuentry TIT\n-00012f70: 4c45 205b e280 982d 2d63 6c61 7373 3d63 LE [...--class=c\n-00012f80: 6c61 7373 e280 9920 2e2e 2e5d 205b e280 lass... ...] [..\n-00012f90: 982d 2d75 7365 7273 3d75 7365 7273 e280 .--users=users..\n-00012fa0: 995d 205b e280 982d 2d75 6e72 6573 7472 .] [...--unrestr\n-00012fb0: 6963 7465 64e2 8099 5d20 5be2 8098 2d2d icted...] [...--\n-00012fc0: 686f 746b 6579 3d6b 6579 e280 995d 205b hotkey=key...] [\n-00012fd0: e280 982d 2d69 643d 6964 e280 995d 207b ...--id=id...] {\n-00012fe0: 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3b20 2e2e 2e20 7d0a COMMAND; ... }.\n-00012ff0: 2020 2020 202a 4e6f 7465 206d 656e 7565 *Note menue\n-00013000: 6e74 7279 3a3a 2e0a 0a42 7569 6c74 2d69 ntry::...Built-i\n-00013010: 6e20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d n Commands.=====\n-00013020: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 536f ============..So\n-00013030: 6d65 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 6e20 636f 6d6d me built-in comm\n-00013040: 616e 6473 2061 7265 2061 6c73 6f20 7072 ands are also pr\n-00013050: 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 2073 ovided by GRUB s\n-00013060: 6372 6970 7420 746f 2068 656c 7020 7363 cript to help sc\n-00013070: 7269 7074 0a77 7269 7465 7273 2070 6572 ript.writers per\n-00013080: 666f 726d 2061 6374 696f 6e73 2074 6861 form actions tha\n-00013090: 7420 6172 6520 6f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 t are otherwise \n-000130a0: 6e6f 7420 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2e20 2046 not possible. F\n-000130b0: 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a 7468 6573 or example,.thes\n-000130c0: 6520 696e 636c 7564 6520 636f 6d6d 616e e include comman\n-000130d0: 6473 2074 6f20 6a75 6d70 206f 7574 206f ds to jump out o\n-000130e0: 6620 6120 6c6f 6f70 2077 6974 686f 7574 f a loop without\n-000130f0: 2066 756c 6c79 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 696e fully completin\n-00013100: 670a 6974 2c20 6574 632e 0a0a 6272 6561 g.it, etc...brea\n-00013110: 6b20 5be2 8098 6ee2 8099 5d0a 2020 2020 k [...n...]. \n-00013120: 2045 7869 7420 6672 6f6d 2077 6974 6869 Exit from withi\n-00013130: 6e20 6120 e280 9866 6f72 e280 992c 20e2 n a ...for..., .\n-00013140: 8098 7768 696c 65e2 8099 2c20 6f72 20e2 ..while..., or .\n-00013150: 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 206c 6f6f 702e ..until... loop.\n-00013160: 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 730a If ...n... is.\n-00013170: 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 specified, \n-00013180: 6272 6561 6b20 e280 986e e280 9920 6c65 break ...n... le\n-00013190: 7665 6c73 2e20 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 206d vels. ...n... m\n-000131a0: 7573 7420 6265 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 ust be greater t\n-000131b0: 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f0a han or equal to.\n-000131c0: 2020 2020 2031 2e20 2049 6620 e280 986e 1. If ...n\n-000131d0: e280 9920 6973 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 ... is greater t\n-000131e0: 6861 6e20 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f han the number o\n-000131f0: 6620 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 f enclosing loop\n-00013200: 732c 2061 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 656e 636c s, all. encl\n-00013210: 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 7320 6172 6520 osing loops are \n-00013220: 6578 6974 6564 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6574 exited. The ret\n-00013230: 7572 6e20 7661 6c75 6520 6973 2030 2075 urn value is 0 u\n-00013240: 6e6c 6573 7320 e280 986e e280 9920 6973 nless ...n... is\n-00013250: 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 7420 6772 6561 7465 . not greate\n-00013260: 7220 7468 616e 206f 7220 6571 7561 6c20 r than or equal \n-00013270: 746f 2031 2e0a 0a63 6f6e 7469 6e75 6520 to 1...continue \n-00013280: 5be2 8098 6ee2 8099 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 [...n...]. R\n-00013290: 6573 756d 6520 7468 6520 6e65 7874 2069 esume the next i\n-000132a0: 7465 7261 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 teration of the \n-000132b0: 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 e280 9866 6f72 enclosing ...for\n-000132c0: e280 992c 20e2 8098 7768 696c 65e2 8099 ..., ...while...\n-000132d0: 206f 720a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 756e 7469 or. ...unti\n-000132e0: 6ce2 8099 206c 6f6f 702e 2020 4966 20e2 l... loop. If .\n-000132f0: 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 ..n... is specif\n-00013300: 6965 642c 2072 6573 756d 6520 6174 2074 ied, resume at t\n-00013310: 6865 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 7468 2065 6e63 he ...n...th enc\n-00013320: 6c6f 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6c6f 6f70 losing. loop\n-00013330: 2e20 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 206d 7573 7420 . ...n... must \n-00013340: 6265 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 be greater than \n-00013350: 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 312e 2020 or equal to 1. \n-00013360: 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 6772 If ...n... is gr\n-00013370: 6561 7465 720a 2020 2020 2074 6861 6e20 eater. than \n-00013380: 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 656e the number of en\n-00013390: 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 732c 2074 closing loops, t\n-000133a0: 6865 206c 6173 7420 656e 636c 6f73 696e he last enclosin\n-000133b0: 6720 6c6f 6f70 2028 7468 650a 2020 2020 g loop (the. \n-000133c0: 20e2 809c 746f 702d 6c65 7665 6ce2 809d ...top-level...\n-000133d0: 206c 6f6f 7029 2069 7320 7265 7375 6d65 loop) is resume\n-000133e0: 642e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 d. The return v\n-000133f0: 616c 7565 2069 7320 3020 756e 6c65 7373 alue is 0 unless\n-00013400: 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 730a 2020 2020 ...n... is. \n-00013410: 206e 6f74 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 not greater tha\n-00013420: 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 312e n or equal to 1.\n-00013430: 0a0a 7265 7475 726e 205b e280 986e e280 ..return [...n..\n-00013440: 995d 0a20 2020 2020 4361 7573 6573 2061 .]. Causes a\n-00013450: 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 746f 2065 7869 function to exi\n-00013460: 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 2072 6574 7572 t with the retur\n-00013470: 6e20 7661 6c75 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 n value specifie\n-00013480: 6420 6279 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2e0a 2020 d by ...n..... \n-00013490: 2020 2049 6620 e280 986e e280 9920 6973 If ...n... is\n-000134a0: 206f 6d69 7474 6564 2c20 7468 6520 7265 omitted, the re\n-000134b0: 7475 726e 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 2074 turn status is t\n-000134c0: 6861 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 hat of the last \n-000134d0: 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 2065 7865 command. exe\n-000134e0: 6375 7465 6420 696e 2074 6865 2066 756e cuted in the fun\n-000134f0: 6374 696f 6e20 626f 6479 2e20 2049 6620 ction body. If \n-00013500: 7573 6564 206f 7574 7369 6465 2061 2066 used outside a f\n-00013510: 756e 6374 696f 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 unction the. \n-00013520: 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7374 6174 7573 2069 return status i\n-00013530: 7320 6661 6c73 652e 0a0a 7365 7470 6172 s false...setpar\n-00013540: 616d 7320 5be2 8098 6172 67e2 8099 5d20 ams [...arg...] \n-00013550: 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6570 6c61 6365 .... Replace\n-00013560: 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 7061 7261 positional para\n-00013570: 6d65 7465 7273 2073 7461 7274 696e 6720 meters starting \n-00013580: 7769 7468 20e2 8098 2431 e280 9920 7769 with ...$1... wi\n-00013590: 7468 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2074 6f0a th arguments to.\n-000135a0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7365 7470 6172 616d ...setparam\n-000135b0: 73e2 8099 2e0a 0a73 6869 6674 205b e280 s......shift [..\n-000135c0: 986e e280 995d 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 .n...]. The \n-000135d0: 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 616d positional param\n-000135e0: 6574 6572 7320 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 6ee2 eters from ...n.\n-000135f0: 8099 2b31 202e 2e2e 2061 7265 2072 656e ..+1 ... are ren\n-00013600: 616d 6564 2074 6f20 e280 9824 31e2 8099 amed to ...$1...\n-00013610: 2e2e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 5061 7261 6d65 ..... Parame\n-00013620: 7465 7273 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 6564 ters represented\n-00013630: 2062 7920 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 by the numbers \n-00013640: e280 9824 23e2 8099 2064 6f77 6e20 746f ...$#... down to\n-00013650: 20e2 8098 2423 e280 992d e280 986e e280 ...$#...-...n..\n-00013660: 992b 3120 6172 650a 2020 2020 2075 6e73 .+1 are. uns\n-00013670: 6574 2e20 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 206d 7573 et. ...n... mus\n-00013680: 7420 6265 2061 206e 6f6e 2d6e 6567 6174 t be a non-negat\n-00013690: 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206c 6573 7320 ive number less \n-000136a0: 7468 616e 206f 7220 6571 7561 6c20 746f than or equal to\n-000136b0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9824 23e2 8099 2e20 . ...$#.... \n-000136c0: 2049 6620 e280 986e e280 9920 6973 2030 If ...n... is 0\n-000136d0: 2c20 6e6f 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 , no parameters \n-000136e0: 6172 6520 6368 616e 6765 642e 2020 4966 are changed. If\n-000136f0: 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 6e6f 740a ...n... is not.\n-00013700: 2020 2020 2067 6976 656e 2c20 6974 2069 given, it i\n-00013710: 7320 6173 7375 6d65 6420 746f 2062 6520 s assumed to be \n-00013720: 312e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 1. If ...n... i\n-00013730: 7320 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e 20e2 s greater than .\n-00013740: 8098 2423 e280 992c 2074 6865 0a20 2020 ..$#..., the. \n-00013750: 2020 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 positional par\n-00013760: 616d 6574 6572 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 ameters are not \n-00013770: 6368 616e 6765 642e 2020 5468 6520 7265 changed. The re\n-00013780: 7475 726e 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 0a20 turn status is. \n-00013790: 2020 2020 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e greater than\n-000137a0: 207a 6572 6f20 6966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 zero if ...n...\n-000137b0: 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e is greater than\n-000137c0: 20e2 8098 2423 e280 9920 6f72 206c 6573 ...$#... or les\n-000137d0: 7320 7468 616e 207a 6572 6f3b 0a20 2020 s than zero;. \n-000137e0: 2020 6f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 302e 0a0a otherwise 0...\n-000137f0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00013800: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5368 656c 6c2d o, Node: Shell-\n-00013810: 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 2d46 like scripting-F\n-00013820: 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2053 ootnotes, Up: S\n-00013830: 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 hell-like script\n-00013840: 696e 670a 0a20 2020 2831 2920 4375 7272 ing.. (1) Curr\n-00013850: 656e 746c 7920 6120 6261 636b 736c 6173 ently a backslas\n-00013860: 682d 6e65 776c 696e 6520 7061 6972 2077 h-newline pair w\n-00013870: 6974 6869 6e20 6120 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ithin a variable\n-00013880: 206e 616d 6520 6973 206e 6f74 0a68 616e name is not.han\n-00013890: 646c 6564 2070 726f 7065 726c 792c 2073 dled properly, s\n-000138a0: 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6973 2066 6561 7475 o use this featu\n-000138b0: 7265 2077 6974 6820 736f 6d65 2063 6172 re with some car\n-000138c0: 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 e.....File: grub\n-000138d0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d75 .info, Node: Mu\n-000138e0: 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 6c20 lti-boot manual \n-000138f0: 636f 6e66 6967 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2045 config, Next: E\n-00013900: 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 mbedded configur\n-00013910: 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5368 ation, Prev: Sh\n-00013920: 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 ell-like scripti\n-00013930: 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 ng, Up: Configu\n-00013940: 7261 7469 6f6e 0a0a 362e 3420 4d75 6c74 ration..6.4 Mult\n-00013950: 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 6c20 636f i-boot manual co\n-00013960: 6e66 6967 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d nfig.===========\n-00013970: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00013980: 3d0a 0a43 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2061 7574 =..Currently aut\n-00013990: 6f67 656e 6572 6174 696e 6720 636f 6e66 ogenerating conf\n-000139a0: 6967 2066 696c 6573 2066 6f72 206d 756c ig files for mul\n-000139b0: 7469 2d62 6f6f 7420 656e 7669 726f 6e6d ti-boot environm\n-000139c0: 656e 7473 0a64 6570 656e 6473 206f 6e20 ents.depends on \n-000139d0: 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 7220 616e 6420 6861 os-prober and ha\n-000139e0: 7320 7365 7665 7261 6c20 7368 6f72 7463 s several shortc\n-000139f0: 6f6d 696e 6773 2e20 2044 7565 2074 6f20 omings. Due to \n-00013a00: 7468 6174 2069 7420 6973 0a64 6973 6162 that it is.disab\n-00013a10: 6c65 6420 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2e20 led by default. \n-00013a20: 2049 7420 6973 2061 6476 6973 6564 2074 It is advised t\n-00013a30: 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6520 706f 7765 7220 o use the power \n-00013a40: 6f66 2047 5255 4220 7379 6e74 6178 2061 of GRUB syntax a\n-00013a50: 6e64 0a64 6f20 6974 2079 6f75 7273 656c nd.do it yoursel\n-00013a60: 662e 2020 4120 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2063 f. A possible c\n-00013a70: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 onfiguration is \n-00013a80: 6465 7461 696c 6564 2068 6572 652c 2066 detailed here, f\n-00013a90: 6565 6c20 6672 6565 2074 6f0a 6164 6a75 eel free to.adju\n-00013aa0: 7374 2074 6f20 796f 7572 206e 6565 6473 st to your needs\n-00013ab0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4669 7273 7420 6372 6561 ... First crea\n-00013ac0: 7465 2061 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 4752 te a separate GR\n-00013ad0: 5542 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 6269 UB partition, bi\n-00013ae0: 6720 656e 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 686f 6c64 g enough to hold\n-00013af0: 2047 5255 422e 2053 6f6d 650a 6f66 2074 GRUB. Some.of t\n-00013b00: 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2065 6e74 he following ent\n-00013b10: 7269 6573 2073 686f 7720 686f 7720 746f ries show how to\n-00013b20: 206c 6f61 6420 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c load OS install\n-00013b30: 6572 2069 6d61 6765 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 er images from t\n-00013b40: 6869 730a 7361 6d65 2070 6172 7469 7469 his.same partiti\n-00013b50: 6f6e 2c20 666f 7220 7468 6174 2079 6f75 on, for that you\n-00013b60: 206f 6276 696f 7573 6c79 206e 6565 6420 obviously need \n-00013b70: 746f 206d 616b 6520 7468 6520 7061 7274 to make the part\n-00013b80: 6974 696f 6e20 6c61 7267 650a 656e 6f75 ition large.enou\n-00013b90: 6768 2074 6f20 686f 6c64 2074 686f 7365 gh to hold those\n-00013ba0: 2069 6d61 6765 7320 6173 2077 656c 6c2e images as well.\n-00013bb0: 2020 4d6f 756e 7420 7468 6973 2070 6172 Mount this par\n-00013bc0: 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6e2f 6d6e 742f 626f tition on/mnt/bo\n-00013bd0: 6f74 0a61 6e64 2064 6973 6162 6c65 2047 ot.and disable G\n-00013be0: 5255 4220 696e 2061 6c6c 204f 5365 7320 RUB in all OSes \n-00013bf0: 616e 6420 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 2069 6e73 and manually ins\n-00013c00: 7461 6c6c 2073 656c 662d 636f 6d70 696c tall self-compil\n-00013c10: 6564 206c 6174 6573 740a 4752 5542 2077 ed latest.GRUB w\n-00013c20: 6974 683a 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 ith:.. ...grub\n-00013c30: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202d 2d62 6f6f 742d -install --boot-\n-00013c40: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f62 directory=/mnt/b\n-00013c50: 6f6f 7420 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 e280 990a oot /dev/sda....\n-00013c60: 0a20 2020 496e 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 204f . In all the O\n-00013c70: 5365 7320 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 Ses install GRUB\n-00013c80: 2074 6f6f 6c73 2062 7574 2064 6973 6162 tools but disab\n-00013c90: 6c65 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 le installing GR\n-00013ca0: 5542 2069 6e0a 626f 6f74 7365 6374 6f72 UB in.bootsector\n-00013cb0: 2c20 736f 2079 6f75 276c 6c20 6861 7665 , so you'll have\n-00013cc0: 206d 656e 752e 6c73 7420 616e 6420 6772 menu.lst and gr\n-00013cd0: 7562 2e63 6667 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 ub.cfg available\n-00013ce0: 2066 6f72 2075 7365 2e0a 416c 736f 2064 for use..Also d\n-00013cf0: 6973 6162 6c65 206f 732d 7072 6f62 6572 isable os-prober\n-00013d00: 2075 7365 2062 7920 7365 7474 696e 673a use by setting:\n-00013d10: 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 .. ...GRUB_DIS\n-00013d20: 4142 4c45 5f4f 535f 5052 4f42 4552 3d74 ABLE_OS_PROBER=t\n-00013d30: 7275 65e2 8099 0a0a 2020 2069 6e20 2f65 rue..... in /e\n-00013d40: 7463 2f64 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 620a tc/default/grub.\n-00013d50: 0a20 2020 5468 656e 2077 7269 7465 2061 . Then write a\n-00013d60: 2067 7275 622e 6366 6720 282f 6d6e 742f grub.cfg (/mnt/\n-00013d70: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 boot/grub/grub.c\n-00013d80: 6667 293a 0a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 fg):... menu\n-00013d90: 656e 7472 7920 224f 5320 7573 696e 6720 entry \"OS using \n-00013da0: 6772 7562 3222 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 grub2\" {. \n-00013db0: 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 7866 730a 2020 2020 insmod xfs. \n-00013dc0: 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 search --set\n-00013dd0: 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4f53 =root --label OS\n-00013de0: 3120 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 1 --hint hd0,msd\n-00013df0: 6f73 380a 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f 6e66 os8. conf\n-00013e00: 6967 6669 6c65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 igfile /boot/gru\n-00013e10: 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 0a20 2020 2020 b/grub.cfg. \n-00013e20: 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 }.. menuentr\n-00013e30: 7920 224f 5320 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 y \"OS using grub\n-00013e40: 322d 6c65 6761 6379 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2-legacy\" {. \n-00013e50: 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 2065 7874 320a insmod ext2.\n-00013e60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d search -\n-00013e70: 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 -set=root --labe\n-00013e80: 6c20 4f53 3220 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 6430 l OS2 --hint hd0\n-00013e90: 2c6d 7364 6f73 360a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ,msdos6. \n-00013ea0: 6c65 6761 6379 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 696c legacy_configfil\n-00013eb0: 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f6d 656e e /boot/grub/men\n-00013ec0: 752e 6c73 740a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 u.lst. }.. \n-00013ed0: 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 5769 menuentry \"Wi\n-00013ee0: 6e64 6f77 7320 5850 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 ndows XP\" {. \n-00013ef0: 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 206e 7466 730a insmod ntfs.\n-00013f00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d search -\n-00013f10: 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 -set=root --labe\n-00013f20: 6c20 5749 4e44 4f57 535f 5850 202d 2d68 l WINDOWS_XP --h\n-00013f30: 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 0a20 int hd0,msdos1. \n-00013f40: 2020 2020 2020 206e 746c 6472 202f 6e74 ntldr /nt\n-00013f50: 6c64 720a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 ldr. }.. \n-00013f60: 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 5769 6e64 menuentry \"Wind\n-00013f70: 6f77 7320 3722 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ows 7\" {. \n-00013f80: 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 6e74 6673 0a20 2020 insmod ntfs. \n-00013f90: 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 search --se\n-00013fa0: 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c 6162 656c 2057 t=root --label W\n-00013fb0: 494e 444f 5753 5f37 202d 2d68 696e 7420 INDOWS_7 --hint \n-00013fc0: 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7332 0a20 2020 2020 hd0,msdos2. \n-00013fd0: 2020 206e 746c 6472 202f 626f 6f74 6d67 ntldr /bootmg\n-00013fe0: 720a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d r. }.. m\n-00013ff0: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4672 6565 4253 enuentry \"FreeBS\n-00014000: 4422 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 D\" {. \n-00014010: 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 207a 6673 0a20 insmod zfs. \n-00014020: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 se\n-00014030: 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 arch --set=root \n-00014040: 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 6672 6565 706f 6f6c --label freepool\n-00014050: 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f --hint hd0,msdo\n-00014060: 7337 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s7. \n-00014070: 2020 6b66 7265 6562 7364 202f 6672 6565 kfreebsd /free\n-00014080: 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e 656c bsd@/boot/kernel\n-00014090: 2f6b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 /kernel. \n-000140a0: 2020 2020 2020 206b 6672 6565 6273 645f kfreebsd_\n-000140b0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 202f 6672 6565 module_elf /free\n-000140c0: 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e 656c bsd@/boot/kernel\n-000140d0: 2f6f 7065 6e73 6f6c 6172 6973 2e6b 6f0a /opensolaris.ko.\n-000140e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b k\n-000140f0: 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 freebsd_module_e\n-00014100: 6c66 202f 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f lf /freebsd@/boo\n-00014110: 742f 6b65 726e 656c 2f7a 6673 2e6b 6f0a t/kernel/zfs.ko.\n-00014120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b k\n-00014130: 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 202f freebsd_module /\n-00014140: 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 7a66 freebsd@/boot/zf\n-00014150: 732f 7a70 6f6f 6c2e 6361 6368 6520 7479 s/zpool.cache ty\n-00014160: 7065 3d2f 626f 6f74 2f7a 6673 2f7a 706f pe=/boot/zfs/zpo\n-00014170: 6f6c 2e63 6163 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ol.cache. \n-00014180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7420 6b46 7265 set kFre\n-00014190: 6542 5344 2e76 6673 2e72 6f6f 742e 6d6f eBSD.vfs.root.mo\n-000141a0: 756e 7466 726f 6d3d 7a66 733a 6672 6565 untfrom=zfs:free\n-000141b0: 706f 6f6c 2f66 7265 6562 7364 0a20 2020 pool/freebsd. \n-000141c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7420 set \n-000141d0: 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2e68 772e 7073 6d2e kFreeBSD.hw.psm.\n-000141e0: 7379 6e61 7074 6963 735f 7375 7070 6f72 synaptics_suppor\n-000141f0: 743d 310a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 t=1. }.. \n-00014200: 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 6578 7065 menuentry \"expe\n-00014210: 7269 6d65 6e74 616c 2047 5255 4222 207b rimental GRUB\" {\n-00014220: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00014230: 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f search --set=roo\n-00014240: 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4752 5542 202d t --label GRUB -\n-00014250: 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7335 -hint hd0,msdos5\n-00014260: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00014270: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2f65 7870 6572 multiboot /exper\n-00014280: 696d 656e 7461 6c2f 6772 7562 2f69 3338 imental/grub/i38\n-00014290: 362d 7063 2f63 6f72 652e 696d 670a 2020 6-pc/core.img. \n-000142a0: 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 }.. menue\n-000142b0: 6e74 7279 2022 4665 646f 7261 2031 3620 ntry \"Fedora 16 \n-000142c0: 696e 7374 616c 6c65 7222 207b 0a20 2020 installer\" {. \n-000142d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 sear\n-000142e0: 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d ch --set=root --\n-000142f0: 6c61 6265 6c20 4752 5542 202d 2d68 696e label GRUB --hin\n-00014300: 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7335 0a20 2020 t hd0,msdos5. \n-00014310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c69 6e75 linu\n-00014320: 7820 2f66 6564 6f72 612f 766d 6c69 6e75 x /fedora/vmlinu\n-00014330: 7a20 6c61 6e67 3d65 6e5f 5553 206b 6579 z lang=en_US key\n-00014340: 6d61 703d 7367 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f map=sg resolutio\n-00014350: 6e3d 3132 3830 7838 3030 0a20 2020 2020 n=1280x800. \n-00014360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 initrd\n-00014370: 202f 6665 646f 7261 2f69 6e69 7472 642e /fedora/initrd.\n-00014380: 696d 670a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 img. }.. \n-00014390: 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4665 646f menuentry \"Fedo\n-000143a0: 7261 2072 6177 6869 6465 2069 6e73 7461 ra rawhide insta\n-000143b0: 6c6c 6572 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ller\" {. \n-000143c0: 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 6820 2d2d search --\n-000143d0: 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c 6162 656c set=root --label\n-000143e0: 2047 5255 4220 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 6430 GRUB --hint hd0\n-000143f0: 2c6d 7364 6f73 350a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ,msdos5. \n-00014400: 2020 2020 2020 206c 696e 7578 202f 6665 linux /fe\n-00014410: 646f 7261 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 2072 6570 dora/vmlinuz rep\n-00014420: 6f3d 6674 703a 2f2f 6d69 7272 6f72 2e73 o=ftp://mirror.s\n-00014430: 7769 7463 682e 6368 2f6d 6972 726f 722f witch.ch/mirror/\n-00014440: 6665 646f 7261 2f6c 696e 7578 2f64 6576 fedora/linux/dev\n-00014450: 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 2f72 6177 6869 6465 elopment/rawhide\n-00014460: 2f78 3836 5f36 3420 6c61 6e67 3d65 6e5f /x86_64 lang=en_\n-00014470: 5553 206b 6579 6d61 703d 7367 2072 6573 US keymap=sg res\n-00014480: 6f6c 7574 696f 6e3d 3132 3830 7838 3030 olution=1280x800\n-00014490: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-000144a0: 696e 6974 7264 202f 6665 646f 7261 2f69 initrd /fedora/i\n-000144b0: 6e69 7472 642e 696d 670a 2020 2020 207d nitrd.img. }\n-000144c0: 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 .. menuentry\n-000144d0: 2022 4465 6269 616e 2073 6964 2069 6e73 \"Debian sid ins\n-000144e0: 7461 6c6c 6572 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 taller\" {. \n-000144f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 6820 search \n-00014500: 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c 6162 --set=root --lab\n-00014510: 656c 2047 5255 4220 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 el GRUB --hint h\n-00014520: 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 350a 2020 2020 2020 d0,msdos5. \n-00014530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 696e 7578 202f linux /\n-00014540: 6465 6269 616e 2f64 6973 7473 2f73 6964 debian/dists/sid\n-00014550: 2f6d 6169 6e2f 696e 7374 616c 6c65 722d /main/installer-\n-00014560: 616d 6436 342f 6375 7272 656e 742f 696d amd64/current/im\n-00014570: 6167 6573 2f68 642d 6d65 6469 612f 766d ages/hd-media/vm\n-00014580: 6c69 6e75 7a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 linuz. \n-00014590: 2020 2020 2069 6e69 7472 6420 2f64 6562 initrd /deb\n-000145a0: 6961 6e2f 6469 7374 732f 7369 642f 6d61 ian/dists/sid/ma\n-000145b0: 696e 2f69 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2d61 6d64 in/installer-amd\n-000145c0: 3634 2f63 7572 7265 6e74 2f69 6d61 6765 64/current/image\n-000145d0: 732f 6864 2d6d 6564 6961 2f69 6e69 7472 s/hd-media/initr\n-000145e0: 642e 677a 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a0a 2020 d.gz. }... \n-000145f0: 204e 6f74 6573 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2041 Notes:. ... A\n-00014600: 7267 756d 656e 7420 746f 2073 6561 7263 rgument to searc\n-00014610: 6820 6166 7465 7220 2d6c 6162 656c 2069 h after -label i\n-00014620: 7320 4653 204c 4142 454c 2e20 596f 7520 s FS LABEL. You \n-00014630: 6361 6e20 616c 736f 2075 7365 2055 5549 can also use UUI\n-00014640: 4473 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 202d 6673 Ds. with -fs\n-00014650: 2d75 7569 6420 5555 4944 2069 6e73 7465 -uuid UUID inste\n-00014660: 6164 206f 6620 2d6c 6162 656c 204c 4142 ad of -label LAB\n-00014670: 454c 2e20 596f 7520 636f 756c 6420 616c EL. You could al\n-00014680: 736f 2075 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7265 so use. dire\n-00014690: 6374 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 3d68 6430 2c6d ct ...root=hd0,m\n-000146a0: 7364 6f73 58e2 8099 2062 7574 2074 6869 sdosX... but thi\n-000146b0: 7320 6973 206e 6f74 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 s is not recomme\n-000146c0: 6e64 6564 2064 7565 2074 6f20 6465 7669 nded due to devi\n-000146d0: 6365 0a20 2020 2020 6e61 6d65 2069 6e73 ce. name ins\n-000146e0: 7461 6269 6c69 7479 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c tability.....Fil\n-000146f0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00014700: 6f64 653a 2045 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f ode: Embedded co\n-00014710: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 nfiguration, Pr\n-00014720: 6576 3a20 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d ev: Multi-boot m\n-00014730: 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 2c20 2055 anual config, U\n-00014740: 703a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e p: Configuration\n-00014750: 0a0a 362e 3520 456d 6265 6464 696e 6720 ..6.5 Embedding \n-00014760: 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 a configuration \n-00014770: 6669 6c65 2069 6e74 6f20 4752 5542 0a3d file into GRUB.=\n+00011750: 3d3d 0a0a e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 ==.....grub.cfg.\n+00011760: 8099 2069 7320 7772 6974 7465 6e20 696e .. is written in\n+00011770: 2047 5255 4227 7320 6275 696c 742d 696e GRUB's built-in\n+00011780: 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 206c 616e 6775 scripting langu\n+00011790: 6167 652c 2077 6869 6368 2068 6173 2061 age, which has a\n+000117a0: 0a73 796e 7461 7820 7175 6974 6520 7369 .syntax quite si\n+000117b0: 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 2074 6861 7420 6f66 milar to that of\n+000117c0: 2047 4e55 2042 6173 6820 616e 6420 6f74 GNU Bash and ot\n+000117d0: 6865 7220 426f 7572 6e65 2073 6865 6c6c her Bourne shell\n+000117e0: 0a64 6572 6976 6174 6976 6573 2e0a 0a57 .derivatives...W\n+000117f0: 6f72 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4120 e280 ords.=====..A ..\n+00011800: 9c77 6f72 64e2 809d 2069 7320 6120 7365 .word... is a se\n+00011810: 7175 656e 6365 206f 6620 6368 6172 6163 quence of charac\n+00011820: 7465 7273 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 7265 6420 ters considered \n+00011830: 6173 2061 2073 696e 676c 6520 756e 6974 as a single unit\n+00011840: 2062 790a 4752 5542 2e20 2057 6f72 6473 by.GRUB. Words\n+00011850: 2061 7265 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 are separated b\n+00011860: 7920 e280 9c6d 6574 6163 6861 7261 6374 y ...metacharact\n+00011870: 6572 73e2 809d 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6172 ers..., which ar\n+00011880: 6520 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 670a e the following.\n+00011890: 706c 7573 2073 7061 6365 2c20 7461 622c plus space, tab,\n+000118a0: 2061 6e64 206e 6577 6c69 6e65 3a0a 0a20 and newline:.. \n+000118b0: 2020 2020 7b20 7d20 7c20 2620 2420 3b20 { } | & $ ; \n+000118c0: 3c20 3e0a 0a20 2020 5175 6f74 696e 6720 < >.. Quoting \n+000118d0: 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2069 may be used to i\n+000118e0: 6e63 6c75 6465 206d 6574 6163 6861 7261 nclude metachara\n+000118f0: 6374 6572 7320 696e 2077 6f72 6473 3b20 cters in words; \n+00011900: 7365 6520 6265 6c6f 772e 0a0a 5265 7365 see below...Rese\n+00011910: 7276 6564 2077 6f72 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d rved words.=====\n+00011920: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a52 6573 6572 =========..Reser\n+00011930: 7665 6420 776f 7264 7320 6861 7665 2061 ved words have a\n+00011940: 2073 7065 6369 616c 206d 6561 6e69 6e67 special meaning\n+00011950: 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2e20 5468 6520 666f to GRUB. The fo\n+00011960: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 776f 7264 7320 6172 llowing words ar\n+00011970: 650a 7265 636f 676e 6973 6564 2061 7320 e.recognised as \n+00011980: 7265 7365 7276 6564 2077 6865 6e20 756e reserved when un\n+00011990: 7175 6f74 6564 2061 6e64 2065 6974 6865 quoted and eithe\n+000119a0: 7220 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 776f 7264 r the first word\n+000119b0: 206f 6620 610a 7369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d of a.simple com\n+000119c0: 6d61 6e64 206f 7220 7468 6520 7468 6972 mand or the thir\n+000119d0: 6420 776f 7264 206f 6620 6120 e280 9866 d word of a ...f\n+000119e0: 6f72 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 643a 0a0a or... command:..\n+000119f0: 2020 2020 2021 205b 5b20 5d5d 207b 207d ! [[ ]] { }\n+00011a00: 0a20 2020 2020 6361 7365 2064 6f20 646f . case do do\n+00011a10: 6e65 2065 6c69 6620 656c 7365 2065 7361 ne elif else esa\n+00011a20: 6320 6669 2066 6f72 2066 756e 6374 696f c fi for functio\n+00011a30: 6e0a 2020 2020 2069 6620 696e 206d 656e n. if in men\n+00011a40: 7565 6e74 7279 2073 656c 6563 7420 7468 uentry select th\n+00011a50: 656e 2074 696d 6520 756e 7469 6c20 7768 en time until wh\n+00011a60: 696c 650a 0a20 2020 4e6f 7420 616c 6c20 ile.. 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There are \n+00011bd0: 7468 7265 6520 7175 6f74 696e 6720 6d65 three quoting me\n+00011be0: 6368 616e 6973 6d73 3a20 7468 6520 6573 chanisms: the es\n+00011bf0: 6361 7065 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2c20 cape character, \n+00011c00: 7369 6e67 6c65 0a71 756f 7465 732c 2061 single.quotes, a\n+00011c10: 6e64 2064 6f75 626c 6520 7175 6f74 6573 nd double quotes\n+00011c20: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4120 6e6f 6e2d 7175 6f74 ... 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Enclosing\n+00011cd0: 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 696e 2073 characters in s\n+00011ce0: 696e 676c 6520 7175 6f74 6573 2070 7265 ingle quotes pre\n+00011cf0: 7365 7276 6573 2074 6865 206c 6974 6572 serves the liter\n+00011d00: 616c 2076 616c 7565 206f 660a 6561 6368 al value of.each\n+00011d10: 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2077 6974 6869 character withi\n+00011d20: 6e20 7468 6520 7175 6f74 6573 2e20 2041 n the quotes. A\n+00011d30: 2073 696e 676c 6520 7175 6f74 6520 6d61 single quote ma\n+00011d40: 7920 6e6f 7420 6f63 6375 7220 6265 7477 y not occur betw\n+00011d50: 6565 6e0a 7369 6e67 6c65 2071 756f 7465 een.single quote\n+00011d60: 732c 2065 7665 6e20 7768 656e 2070 7265 s, even when pre\n+00011d70: 6365 6465 6420 6279 2061 2062 6163 6b73 ceded by a backs\n+00011d80: 6c61 7368 2e0a 0a20 2020 456e 636c 6f73 lash... Enclos\n+00011d90: 696e 6720 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 2069 ing characters i\n+00011da0: 6e20 646f 7562 6c65 2071 756f 7465 7320 n double quotes \n+00011db0: 7072 6573 6572 7665 7320 7468 6520 6c69 preserves the li\n+00011dc0: 7465 7261 6c20 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 0a61 teral value of.a\n+00011dd0: 6c6c 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 7769 ll characters wi\n+00011de0: 7468 696e 2074 6865 2071 756f 7465 732c thin the quotes,\n+00011df0: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6578 6365 7074 with the except\n+00011e00: 696f 6e20 6f66 20e2 8098 24e2 8099 2061 ion of ...$... a\n+00011e10: 6e64 20e2 8098 5ce2 8099 2e0a 5468 6520 nd ...\\.....The \n+00011e20: e280 9824 e280 9920 6368 6172 6163 7465 ...$... characte\n+00011e30: 7220 7265 7461 696e 7320 6974 7320 7370 r retains its sp\n+00011e40: 6563 6961 6c20 6d65 616e 696e 6720 7769 ecial meaning wi\n+00011e50: 7468 696e 2064 6f75 626c 6520 7175 6f74 thin double quot\n+00011e60: 6573 2e20 2054 6865 0a62 6163 6b73 6c61 es. The.backsla\n+00011e70: 7368 2072 6574 6169 6e73 2069 7473 2073 sh retains its s\n+00011e80: 7065 6369 616c 206d 6561 6e69 6e67 206f pecial meaning o\n+00011e90: 6e6c 7920 7768 656e 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 nly when followe\n+00011ea0: 6420 6279 206f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 650a d by one of the.\n+00011eb0: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6368 6172 6163 following charac\n+00011ec0: 7465 7273 3a20 e280 9824 e280 992c 20e2 ters: ...$..., .\n+00011ed0: 8098 22e2 8099 2c20 e280 985c e280 992c ..\"..., ...\\...,\n+00011ee0: 206f 7220 6e65 776c 696e 652e 2020 4120 or newline. 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A\n+00011fa0: 2064 6f75 626c 6520 7175 6f74 6520 6d61 double quote ma\n+00011fb0: 7920 6265 2071 756f 7465 6420 7769 7468 y be quoted with\n+00011fc0: 696e 2064 6f75 626c 650a 7175 6f74 6573 in double.quotes\n+00011fd0: 2062 7920 7072 6563 6564 696e 6720 6974 by preceding it\n+00011fe0: 2077 6974 6820 6120 6261 636b 736c 6173 with a backslas\n+00011ff0: 682e 0a0a 5661 7269 6162 6c65 2065 7870 h...Variable exp\n+00012000: 616e 7369 6f6e 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ansion.=========\n+00012010: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 20e2 =========..The .\n+00012020: 8098 24e2 8099 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 ..$... character\n+00012030: 2069 6e74 726f 6475 6365 7320 7661 7269 introduces vari\n+00012040: 6162 6c65 2065 7870 616e 7369 6f6e 2e20 able expansion. \n+00012050: 2054 6865 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6e61 The variable na\n+00012060: 6d65 2074 6f0a 6265 2065 7870 616e 6465 me to.be expande\n+00012070: 6420 6d61 7920 6265 2065 6e63 6c6f 7365 d may be enclose\n+00012080: 6420 696e 2062 7261 6365 732c 2077 6869 d in braces, whi\n+00012090: 6368 2061 7265 206f 7074 696f 6e61 6c20 ch are optional \n+000120a0: 6275 7420 7365 7276 6520 746f 0a70 726f but serve to.pro\n+000120b0: 7465 6374 2074 6865 2076 6172 6961 626c tect the variabl\n+000120c0: 6520 746f 2062 6520 6578 7061 6e64 6564 e to be expanded\n+000120d0: 2066 726f 6d20 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 from characters\n+000120e0: 2069 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 6c79 0a66 6f6c immediately.fol\n+000120f0: 6c6f 7769 6e67 2069 7420 7768 6963 6820 lowing it which \n+00012100: 636f 756c 6420 6265 2069 6e74 6572 7072 could be interpr\n+00012110: 6574 6564 2061 7320 7061 7274 206f 6620 eted as part of \n+00012120: 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 2e0a 0a20 2020 4e6f the name... 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Posit\n+000121f0: 696f 6e61 6c20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e ional variable n\n+00012200: 616d 6573 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 206f 6620 ames consist of \n+00012210: 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6469 6769 one or more digi\n+00012220: 7473 2e20 2054 6865 790a 7265 7072 6573 ts. They.repres\n+00012230: 656e 7420 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2070 ent parameters p\n+00012240: 6173 7365 6420 746f 2066 756e 6374 696f assed to functio\n+00012250: 6e20 6361 6c6c 732c 2077 6974 6820 e280 n calls, with ..\n+00012260: 9824 31e2 8099 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 .$1... represent\n+00012270: 696e 670a 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 ing.the first pa\n+00012280: 7261 6d65 7465 722c 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 rameter, and so \n+00012290: 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 7370 6563 on... The spec\n+000122a0: 6961 6c20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d ial variable nam\n+000122b0: 6520 e280 983f e280 9920 6578 7061 6e64 e ...?... expand\n+000122c0: 7320 746f 2074 6865 2065 7869 7420 7374 s to the exit st\n+000122d0: 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 atus of the most\n+000122e0: 0a72 6563 656e 746c 7920 6578 6563 7574 .recently execut\n+000122f0: 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2057 6865 ed command. 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The remain\n+00012560: 696e 6720 776f 7264 7320 6172 6520 7061 ing words are pa\n+00012570: 7373 6564 2061 7320 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 ssed as argument\n+00012580: 730a 746f 2074 6865 2069 6e76 6f6b 6564 s.to the invoked\n+00012590: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 command... Th\n+000125a0: 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 206f e return value o\n+000125b0: 6620 6120 7369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 f a simple comma\n+000125c0: 6e64 2069 7320 6974 7320 6578 6974 2073 nd is its exit s\n+000125d0: 7461 7475 732e 2020 4966 2074 6865 0a72 tatus. If the.r\n+000125e0: 6573 6572 7665 6420 776f 7264 20e2 8098 eserved word ...\n+000125f0: 21e2 8099 2070 7265 6365 6465 7320 7468 !... precedes th\n+00012600: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642c 2074 6865 6e20 e command, then \n+00012610: 7468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 the return value\n+00012620: 2069 7320 696e 7374 6561 640a 7468 6520 is instead.the \n+00012630: 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 6e65 6761 7469 6f6e logical negation\n+00012640: 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6427 of the command'\n+00012650: 7320 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 732e 0a0a s exit status...\n+00012660: 436f 6d70 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 Compound command\n+00012670: 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d s.==============\n+00012680: 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 20e2 809c 636f 6d70 6f75 ===..A ...compou\n+00012690: 6e64 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 e280 9d20 6973 nd command... is\n+000126a0: 206f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6520 666f 6c6c one of the foll\n+000126b0: 6f77 696e 673a 0a0a 666f 7220 4e41 4d45 owing:..for NAME\n+000126c0: 2069 6e20 574f 5244 202e 2e2e 3b20 646f in WORD ...; do\n+000126d0: 204c 4953 543b 2064 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 LIST; done. \n+000126e0: 2054 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2077 6f72 The list of wor\n+000126f0: 6473 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 20e2 8098 ds following ...\n+00012700: 696e e280 9920 6973 2065 7870 616e 6465 in... is expande\n+00012710: 642c 2067 656e 6572 6174 696e 6720 6120 d, generating a \n+00012720: 6c69 7374 206f 660a 2020 2020 2069 7465 list of. ite\n+00012730: 6d73 2e20 2054 6865 2076 6172 6961 626c ms. The variabl\n+00012740: 6520 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f e NAME is set to\n+00012750: 2065 6163 6820 656c 656d 656e 7420 6f66 each element of\n+00012760: 2074 6869 7320 6c69 7374 2069 6e0a 2020 this list in. \n+00012770: 2020 2074 7572 6e2c 2061 6e64 204c 4953 turn, and LIS\n+00012780: 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 6561 T is executed ea\n+00012790: 6368 2074 696d 652e 2020 5468 6520 7265 ch time. The re\n+000127a0: 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 7468 turn value is th\n+000127b0: 6520 6578 6974 0a20 2020 2020 7374 6174 e exit. stat\n+000127c0: 7573 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2063 us of the last c\n+000127d0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6861 7420 6578 6563 ommand that exec\n+000127e0: 7574 6573 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 6578 utes. If the ex\n+000127f0: 7061 6e73 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 pansion of the. \n+00012800: 2020 2020 6974 656d 7320 666f 6c6c 6f77 items follow\n+00012810: 696e 6720 e280 9869 6ee2 8099 2072 6573 ing ...in... res\n+00012820: 756c 7473 2069 6e20 616e 2065 6d70 7479 ults in an empty\n+00012830: 206c 6973 742c 206e 6f20 636f 6d6d 616e list, no comman\n+00012840: 6473 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6578 6563 ds are. exec\n+00012850: 7574 6564 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 7265 uted, and the re\n+00012860: 7475 726e 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 2030 turn status is 0\n+00012870: 2e0a 0a69 6620 4c49 5354 3b20 7468 656e ...if LIST; then\n+00012880: 204c 4953 543b 205b 656c 6966 204c 4953 LIST; [elif LIS\n+00012890: 543b 2074 6865 6e20 4c49 5354 3b5d 202e T; then LIST;] .\n+000128a0: 2e2e 205b 656c 7365 204c 4953 543b 5d20 .. [else LIST;] \n+000128b0: 6669 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 9869 fi. The ...i\n+000128c0: 66e2 8099 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 f... LIST is exe\n+000128d0: 6375 7465 642c 2077 6865 7265 204c 4953 cuted, where LIS\n+000128e0: 5420 6973 2061 2073 6572 6965 7320 6f66 T is a series of\n+000128f0: 20e2 809c 7369 6d70 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 ...simple. \n+00012900: 636f 6d6d 616e 64e2 809d 7320 7365 7061 command...s sepa\n+00012910: 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 2022 3b22 2e20 rated by a \";\". \n+00012920: 2049 6620 6974 7320 6578 6974 2073 7461 If its exit sta\n+00012930: 7475 7320 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6173 740a tus of the last.\n+00012940: 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 command is \n+00012950: 7a65 726f 2c20 7468 6520 e280 9874 6865 zero, the ...the\n+00012960: 6ee2 8099 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 n... LIST is exe\n+00012970: 6375 7465 642e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 cuted. Otherwis\n+00012980: 652c 2065 6163 680a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 e, each. ...\n+00012990: 656c 6966 e280 9920 4c49 5354 2069 7320 elif... LIST is \n+000129a0: 6578 6563 7574 6564 2069 6e20 7475 726e executed in turn\n+000129b0: 2c20 616e 6420 6966 2069 7473 206c 6173 , and if its las\n+000129c0: 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 6427 7320 6578 6974 t command's exit\n+000129d0: 0a20 2020 2020 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 . status is \n+000129e0: 7a65 726f 2c20 7468 6520 636f 7272 6573 zero, the corres\n+000129f0: 706f 6e64 696e 6720 e280 9874 6865 6ee2 ponding ...then.\n+00012a00: 8099 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 .. LIST is execu\n+00012a10: 7465 6420 616e 6420 7468 650a 2020 2020 ted and the. \n+00012a20: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 command complet\n+00012a30: 6573 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 es. Otherwise, \n+00012a40: 7468 6520 e280 9865 6c73 65e2 8099 204c the ...else... L\n+00012a50: 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 642c IST is executed,\n+00012a60: 2069 660a 2020 2020 2070 7265 7365 6e74 if. present\n+00012a70: 2e20 2054 6865 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 . The exit stat\n+00012a80: 7573 2069 7320 7468 6520 6578 6974 2073 us is the exit s\n+00012a90: 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6173 tatus of the las\n+00012aa0: 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 2065 t command. e\n+00012ab0: 7865 6375 7465 642c 206f 7220 7a65 726f xecuted, or zero\n+00012ac0: 2069 6620 6e6f 2063 6f6e 6469 7469 6f6e if no condition\n+00012ad0: 2074 6573 7465 6420 7472 7565 2e0a 0a77 tested true...w\n+00012ae0: 6869 6c65 2043 4f4e 443b 2064 6f20 4c49 hile COND; do LI\n+00012af0: 5354 3b20 646f 6e65 0a75 6e74 696c 2043 ST; done.until C\n+00012b00: 4f4e 443b 2064 6f20 4c49 5354 3b20 646f OND; do LIST; do\n+00012b10: 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 9877 ne. The ...w\n+00012b20: 6869 6c65 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 hile... command \n+00012b30: 636f 6e74 696e 756f 7573 6c79 2065 7865 continuously exe\n+00012b40: 6375 7465 7320 7468 6520 e280 9864 6fe2 cutes the ...do.\n+00012b50: 8099 204c 4953 5420 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 .. LIST as long \n+00012b60: 6173 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6c61 7374 as. the last\n+00012b70: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 6e20 434f 4e44 command in COND\n+00012b80: 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2061 6e20 6578 6974 returns an exit\n+00012b90: 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 207a 6572 6f2c status of zero,\n+00012ba0: 2077 6865 7265 2043 4f4e 440a 2020 2020 where COND. \n+00012bb0: 2069 7320 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 e280 is a list of ..\n+00012bc0: 9c73 696d 706c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 64e2 .simple command.\n+00012bd0: 809d 7320 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 ..s separated by\n+00012be0: 2061 2022 3b22 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 a \";\". The ...\n+00012bf0: 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 636f until.... co\n+00012c00: 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2069 6465 6e74 6963 mmand is identic\n+00012c10: 616c 2074 6f20 7468 6520 e280 9877 6869 al to the ...whi\n+00012c20: 6c65 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642c 2065 le... command, e\n+00012c30: 7863 6570 7420 7468 6174 2074 6865 2074 xcept that the t\n+00012c40: 6573 740a 2020 2020 2069 7320 6e65 6761 est. is nega\n+00012c50: 7465 643b 2074 6865 20e2 8098 646f e280 ted; the ...do..\n+00012c60: 9920 4c49 5354 2069 7320 6578 6563 7574 . LIST is execut\n+00012c70: 6564 2061 7320 6c6f 6e67 2061 7320 7468 ed as long as th\n+00012c80: 6520 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a20 e last command. \n+00012c90: 2020 2020 696e 2043 4f4e 4420 7265 7475 in COND retu\n+00012ca0: 726e 7320 6120 6e6f 6e2d 7a65 726f 2065 rns a non-zero e\n+00012cb0: 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 2e20 2054 6865 xit status. The\n+00012cc0: 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 exit status of \n+00012cd0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7768 696c the. ...whil\n+00012ce0: 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 756e 7469 e... and ...unti\n+00012cf0: 6ce2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6973 l... commands is\n+00012d00: 2074 6865 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 the exit status\n+00012d10: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c61 7374 20e2 8098 of the last ...\n+00012d20: 646f e280 990a 2020 2020 204c 4953 5420 do.... LIST \n+00012d30: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 6564 command executed\n+00012d40: 2c20 6f72 207a 6572 6f20 6966 206e 6f6e , or zero if non\n+00012d50: 6520 7761 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 2e0a e was executed..\n+00012d60: 0a66 756e 6374 696f 6e20 4e41 4d45 207b .function NAME {\n+00012d70: 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3b20 2e2e 2e20 7d0a COMMAND; ... }.\n+00012d80: 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6465 6669 6e65 This define\n+00012d90: 7320 6120 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 206e 616d s a function nam\n+00012da0: 6564 204e 414d 452e 2020 5468 6520 e280 ed NAME. The ..\n+00012db0: 9c62 6f64 79e2 809d 206f 6620 7468 6520 .body... of the \n+00012dc0: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2069 730a 2020 2020 function is. \n+00012dd0: 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d the list of com\n+00012de0: 6d61 6e64 7320 7769 7468 696e 2062 7261 mands within bra\n+00012df0: 6365 732c 2065 6163 6820 6f66 2077 6869 ces, each of whi\n+00012e00: 6368 206d 7573 7420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 ch must be. \n+00012e10: 7465 726d 696e 6174 6564 2077 6974 6820 terminated with \n+00012e20: 6120 7365 6d69 636f 6c6f 6e20 6f72 2061 a semicolon or a\n+00012e30: 206e 6577 6c69 6e65 2e20 2054 6869 7320 newline. This \n+00012e40: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 list of commands\n+00012e50: 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6578 . will be ex\n+00012e60: 6563 7574 6564 2077 6865 6e65 7665 7220 ecuted whenever \n+00012e70: 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 NAME is specifie\n+00012e80: 6420 6173 2074 6865 206e 616d 6520 6f66 d as the name of\n+00012e90: 2061 2073 696d 706c 650a 2020 2020 2063 a simple. c\n+00012ea0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2046 756e 6374 696f ommand. Functio\n+00012eb0: 6e20 6465 6669 6e69 7469 6f6e 7320 646f n definitions do\n+00012ec0: 206e 6f74 2061 6666 6563 7420 7468 6520 not affect the \n+00012ed0: 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 696e 0a20 exit status in. \n+00012ee0: 2020 2020 e280 9824 3fe2 8099 2e20 2057 ...$?.... W\n+00012ef0: 6865 6e20 6578 6563 7574 6564 2c20 7468 hen executed, th\n+00012f00: 6520 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 e exit status of\n+00012f10: 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6973 2074 a function is t\n+00012f20: 6865 2065 7869 740a 2020 2020 2073 7461 he exit. sta\n+00012f30: 7475 7320 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 tus of the last \n+00012f40: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 6564 command executed\n+00012f50: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 626f 6479 2e0a 0a6d in the body...m\n+00012f60: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2054 4954 4c45 205b enuentry TITLE [\n+00012f70: e280 982d 2d63 6c61 7373 3d63 6c61 7373 ...--class=class\n+00012f80: e280 9920 2e2e 2e5d 205b e280 982d 2d75 ... ...] [...--u\n+00012f90: 7365 7273 3d75 7365 7273 e280 995d 205b sers=users...] [\n+00012fa0: e280 982d 2d75 6e72 6573 7472 6963 7465 ...--unrestricte\n+00012fb0: 64e2 8099 5d20 5be2 8098 2d2d 686f 746b d...] [...--hotk\n+00012fc0: 6579 3d6b 6579 e280 995d 205b e280 982d ey=key...] [...-\n+00012fd0: 2d69 643d 6964 e280 995d 207b 2043 4f4d -id=id...] { COM\n+00012fe0: 4d41 4e44 3b20 2e2e 2e20 7d0a 2020 2020 MAND; ... }. \n+00012ff0: 202a 4e6f 7465 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 *Note menuentry\n+00013000: 3a3a 2e0a 0a42 7569 6c74 2d69 6e20 436f ::...Built-in Co\n+00013010: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d mmands.=========\n+00013020: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 536f 6d65 2062 ========..Some b\n+00013030: 7569 6c74 2d69 6e20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 uilt-in commands\n+00013040: 2061 7265 2061 6c73 6f20 7072 6f76 6964 are also provid\n+00013050: 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 2073 6372 6970 ed by GRUB scrip\n+00013060: 7420 746f 2068 656c 7020 7363 7269 7074 t to help script\n+00013070: 0a77 7269 7465 7273 2070 6572 666f 726d .writers perform\n+00013080: 2061 6374 696f 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6172 actions that ar\n+00013090: 6520 6f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 6e6f 7420 e otherwise not \n+000130a0: 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 possible. For e\n+000130b0: 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a 7468 6573 6520 696e xample,.these in\n+000130c0: 636c 7564 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 clude commands t\n+000130d0: 6f20 6a75 6d70 206f 7574 206f 6620 6120 o jump out of a \n+000130e0: 6c6f 6f70 2077 6974 686f 7574 2066 756c loop without ful\n+000130f0: 6c79 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 696e 670a 6974 ly completing.it\n+00013100: 2c20 6574 632e 0a0a 6272 6561 6b20 5be2 , etc...break [.\n+00013110: 8098 6ee2 8099 5d0a 2020 2020 2045 7869 ..n...]. Exi\n+00013120: 7420 6672 6f6d 2077 6974 6869 6e20 6120 t from within a \n+00013130: e280 9866 6f72 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7768 ...for..., ...wh\n+00013140: 696c 65e2 8099 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 756e ile..., or ...un\n+00013150: 7469 6ce2 8099 206c 6f6f 702e 2020 4966 til... loop. If\n+00013160: 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 730a 2020 2020 ...n... is. \n+00013170: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 6272 6561 specified, brea\n+00013180: 6b20 e280 986e e280 9920 6c65 7665 6c73 k ...n... levels\n+00013190: 2e20 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 206d 7573 7420 . ...n... must \n+000131a0: 6265 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 be greater than \n+000131b0: 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 or equal to. \n+000131c0: 2031 2e20 2049 6620 e280 986e e280 9920 1. If ...n... \n+000131d0: 6973 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 is greater than \n+000131e0: 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 656e the number of en\n+000131f0: 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 732c 2061 closing loops, a\n+00013200: 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 656e 636c 6f73 696e ll. enclosin\n+00013210: 6720 6c6f 6f70 7320 6172 6520 6578 6974 g loops are exit\n+00013220: 6564 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6574 7572 6e20 ed. The return \n+00013230: 7661 6c75 6520 6973 2030 2075 6e6c 6573 value is 0 unles\n+00013240: 7320 e280 986e e280 9920 6973 0a20 2020 s ...n... is. \n+00013250: 2020 6e6f 7420 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 not greater th\n+00013260: 616e 206f 7220 6571 7561 6c20 746f 2031 an or equal to 1\n+00013270: 2e0a 0a63 6f6e 7469 6e75 6520 5be2 8098 ...continue [...\n+00013280: 6ee2 8099 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6573 756d n...]. Resum\n+00013290: 6520 7468 6520 6e65 7874 2069 7465 7261 e the next itera\n+000132a0: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 656e 636c tion of the encl\n+000132b0: 6f73 696e 6720 e280 9866 6f72 e280 992c osing ...for...,\n+000132c0: 20e2 8098 7768 696c 65e2 8099 206f 720a ...while... or.\n+000132d0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 ...until...\n+000132e0: 206c 6f6f 702e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 loop. If ...n.\n+000132f0: 8099 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c .. is specified,\n+00013300: 2072 6573 756d 6520 6174 2074 6865 20e2 resume at the .\n+00013310: 8098 6ee2 8099 7468 2065 6e63 6c6f 7369 ..n...th enclosi\n+00013320: 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6c6f 6f70 2e20 20e2 ng. loop. .\n+00013330: 8098 6ee2 8099 206d 7573 7420 6265 2067 ..n... must be g\n+00013340: 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 reater than or e\n+00013350: 7175 616c 2074 6f20 312e 2020 4966 20e2 qual to 1. If .\n+00013360: 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 ..n... is greate\n+00013370: 720a 2020 2020 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6520 r. than the \n+00013380: 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 656e 636c 6f73 number of enclos\n+00013390: 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 732c 2074 6865 206c ing loops, the l\n+000133a0: 6173 7420 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f ast enclosing lo\n+000133b0: 6f70 2028 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 809c op (the. ...\n+000133c0: 746f 702d 6c65 7665 6ce2 809d 206c 6f6f top-level... loo\n+000133d0: 7029 2069 7320 7265 7375 6d65 642e 2020 p) is resumed. \n+000133e0: 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 The return value\n+000133f0: 2069 7320 3020 756e 6c65 7373 20e2 8098 is 0 unless ...\n+00013400: 6ee2 8099 2069 730a 2020 2020 206e 6f74 n... is. not\n+00013410: 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 greater than or\n+00013420: 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 312e 0a0a 7265 equal to 1...re\n+00013430: 7475 726e 205b e280 986e e280 995d 0a20 turn [...n...]. \n+00013440: 2020 2020 4361 7573 6573 2061 2066 756e Causes a fun\n+00013450: 6374 696f 6e20 746f 2065 7869 7420 7769 ction to exit wi\n+00013460: 7468 2074 6865 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7661 th the return va\n+00013470: 6c75 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6279 lue specified by\n+00013480: 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 ...n..... I\n+00013490: 6620 e280 986e e280 9920 6973 206f 6d69 f ...n... is omi\n+000134a0: 7474 6564 2c20 7468 6520 7265 7475 726e tted, the return\n+000134b0: 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 2074 6861 7420 status is that \n+000134c0: 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d of the last comm\n+000134d0: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2065 7865 6375 7465 and. execute\n+000134e0: 6420 696e 2074 6865 2066 756e 6374 696f d in the functio\n+000134f0: 6e20 626f 6479 2e20 2049 6620 7573 6564 n body. If used\n+00013500: 206f 7574 7369 6465 2061 2066 756e 6374 outside a funct\n+00013510: 696f 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2072 6574 ion the. ret\n+00013520: 7572 6e20 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 6661 urn status is fa\n+00013530: 6c73 652e 0a0a 7365 7470 6172 616d 7320 lse...setparams \n+00013540: 5be2 8098 6172 67e2 8099 5d20 2e2e 2e0a [...arg...] ....\n+00013550: 2020 2020 2052 6570 6c61 6365 2070 6f73 Replace pos\n+00013560: 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 itional paramete\n+00013570: 7273 2073 7461 7274 696e 6720 7769 7468 rs starting with\n+00013580: 20e2 8098 2431 e280 9920 7769 7468 2061 ...$1... with a\n+00013590: 7267 756d 656e 7473 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 rguments to. \n+000135a0: 20e2 8098 7365 7470 6172 616d 73e2 8099 ...setparams...\n+000135b0: 2e0a 0a73 6869 6674 205b e280 986e e280 ...shift [...n..\n+000135c0: 995d 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 706f 7369 .]. The posi\n+000135d0: 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 tional parameter\n+000135e0: 7320 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2b31 s from ...n...+1\n+000135f0: 202e 2e2e 2061 7265 2072 656e 616d 6564 ... are renamed\n+00013600: 2074 6f20 e280 9824 31e2 8099 2e2e 2e2e to ...$1.......\n+00013610: 0a20 2020 2020 5061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 . Parameters\n+00013620: 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 6564 2062 7920 represented by \n+00013630: 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 e280 9824 the numbers ...$\n+00013640: 23e2 8099 2064 6f77 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 #... down to ...\n+00013650: 2423 e280 992d e280 986e e280 992b 3120 $#...-...n...+1 \n+00013660: 6172 650a 2020 2020 2075 6e73 6574 2e20 are. unset. \n+00013670: 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 206d 7573 7420 6265 ...n... must be\n+00013680: 2061 206e 6f6e 2d6e 6567 6174 6976 6520 a non-negative \n+00013690: 6e75 6d62 6572 206c 6573 7320 7468 616e number less than\n+000136a0: 206f 7220 6571 7561 6c20 746f 0a20 2020 or equal to. \n+000136b0: 2020 e280 9824 23e2 8099 2e20 2049 6620 ...$#.... If \n+000136c0: e280 986e e280 9920 6973 2030 2c20 6e6f ...n... is 0, no\n+000136d0: 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 6172 6520 parameters are \n+000136e0: 6368 616e 6765 642e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 changed. If ...\n+000136f0: 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 n... is not. \n+00013700: 2067 6976 656e 2c20 6974 2069 7320 6173 given, it is as\n+00013710: 7375 6d65 6420 746f 2062 6520 312e 2020 sumed to be 1. \n+00013720: 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 6772 If ...n... is gr\n+00013730: 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e 20e2 8098 2423 eater than ...$#\n+00013740: e280 992c 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 706f ..., the. po\n+00013750: 7369 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 616d 6574 sitional paramet\n+00013760: 6572 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 6368 616e ers are not chan\n+00013770: 6765 642e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e ged. The return\n+00013780: 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 0a20 2020 2020 status is. \n+00013790: 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e 207a 6572 greater than zer\n+000137a0: 6f20 6966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 o if ...n... is \n+000137b0: 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e 20e2 8098 greater than ...\n+000137c0: 2423 e280 9920 6f72 206c 6573 7320 7468 $#... or less th\n+000137d0: 616e 207a 6572 6f3b 0a20 2020 2020 6f74 an zero;. ot\n+000137e0: 6865 7277 6973 6520 302e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 herwise 0.....Fi\n+000137f0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00013800: 4e6f 6465 3a20 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 Node: Shell-like\n+00013810: 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 2d46 6f6f 746e scripting-Footn\n+00013820: 6f74 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6865 6c6c otes, Up: Shell\n+00013830: 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e 670a -like scripting.\n+00013840: 0a20 2020 2831 2920 4375 7272 656e 746c . (1) Currentl\n+00013850: 7920 6120 6261 636b 736c 6173 682d 6e65 y a backslash-ne\n+00013860: 776c 696e 6520 7061 6972 2077 6974 6869 wline pair withi\n+00013870: 6e20 6120 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d n a variable nam\n+00013880: 6520 6973 206e 6f74 0a68 616e 646c 6564 e is not.handled\n+00013890: 2070 726f 7065 726c 792c 2073 6f20 7573 properly, so us\n+000138a0: 6520 7468 6973 2066 6561 7475 7265 2077 e this feature w\n+000138b0: 6974 6820 736f 6d65 2063 6172 652e 0a0a ith some care...\n+000138c0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+000138d0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d75 6c74 692d o, Node: Multi-\n+000138e0: 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 boot manual conf\n+000138f0: 6967 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2045 6d62 6564 ig, Next: Embed\n+00013900: 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ded configuratio\n+00013910: 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5368 656c 6c2d n, Prev: Shell-\n+00013920: 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 2c20 like scripting, \n+00013930: 2055 703a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 Up: Configurati\n+00013940: 6f6e 0a0a 362e 3420 4d75 6c74 692d 626f on..6.4 Multi-bo\n+00013950: 6f74 206d 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 ot manual config\n+00013960: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n+00013970: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a43 =============..C\n+00013980: 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2061 7574 6f67 656e urrently autogen\n+00013990: 6572 6174 696e 6720 636f 6e66 6967 2066 erating config f\n+000139a0: 696c 6573 2066 6f72 206d 756c 7469 2d62 iles for multi-b\n+000139b0: 6f6f 7420 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7473 oot environments\n+000139c0: 0a64 6570 656e 6473 206f 6e20 6f73 2d70 .depends on os-p\n+000139d0: 726f 6265 7220 616e 6420 6861 7320 7365 rober and has se\n+000139e0: 7665 7261 6c20 7368 6f72 7463 6f6d 696e veral shortcomin\n+000139f0: 6773 2e20 2044 7565 2074 6f20 7468 6174 gs. Due to that\n+00013a00: 2069 7420 6973 0a64 6973 6162 6c65 6420 it is.disabled \n+00013a10: 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2e20 2049 7420 by default. It \n+00013a20: 6973 2061 6476 6973 6564 2074 6f20 7573 is advised to us\n+00013a30: 6520 7468 6520 706f 7765 7220 6f66 2047 e the power of G\n+00013a40: 5255 4220 7379 6e74 6178 2061 6e64 0a64 RUB syntax and.d\n+00013a50: 6f20 6974 2079 6f75 7273 656c 662e 2020 o it yourself. \n+00013a60: 4120 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 A possible confi\n+00013a70: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6465 7461 guration is deta\n+00013a80: 696c 6564 2068 6572 652c 2066 6565 6c20 iled here, feel \n+00013a90: 6672 6565 2074 6f0a 6164 6a75 7374 2074 free to.adjust t\n+00013aa0: 6f20 796f 7572 206e 6565 6473 2e0a 0a20 o your needs... \n+00013ab0: 2020 4669 7273 7420 6372 6561 7465 2061 First create a\n+00013ac0: 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 4752 5542 2070 separate GRUB p\n+00013ad0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 6269 6720 656e artition, big en\n+00013ae0: 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 686f 6c64 2047 5255 ough to hold GRU\n+00013af0: 422e 2053 6f6d 650a 6f66 2074 6865 2066 B. Some.of the f\n+00013b00: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2065 6e74 7269 6573 ollowing entries\n+00013b10: 2073 686f 7720 686f 7720 746f 206c 6f61 show how to loa\n+00013b20: 6420 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2069 d OS installer i\n+00013b30: 6d61 6765 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6869 730a mages from this.\n+00013b40: 7361 6d65 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 same partition, \n+00013b50: 666f 7220 7468 6174 2079 6f75 206f 6276 for that you obv\n+00013b60: 696f 7573 6c79 206e 6565 6420 746f 206d iously need to m\n+00013b70: 616b 6520 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f ake the partitio\n+00013b80: 6e20 6c61 7267 650a 656e 6f75 6768 2074 n large.enough t\n+00013b90: 6f20 686f 6c64 2074 686f 7365 2069 6d61 o hold those ima\n+00013ba0: 6765 7320 6173 2077 656c 6c2e 2020 4d6f ges as well. Mo\n+00013bb0: 756e 7420 7468 6973 2070 6172 7469 7469 unt this partiti\n+00013bc0: 6f6e 206f 6e2f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 0a61 on on/mnt/boot.a\n+00013bd0: 6e64 2064 6973 6162 6c65 2047 5255 4220 nd disable GRUB \n+00013be0: 696e 2061 6c6c 204f 5365 7320 616e 6420 in all OSes and \n+00013bf0: 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c manually install\n+00013c00: 2073 656c 662d 636f 6d70 696c 6564 206c self-compiled l\n+00013c10: 6174 6573 740a 4752 5542 2077 6974 683a atest.GRUB with:\n+00013c20: 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 .. ...grub-ins\n+00013c30: 7461 6c6c 202d 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 tall --boot-dire\n+00013c40: 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f 7420 ctory=/mnt/boot \n+00013c50: 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 e280 990a 0a20 2020 /dev/sda..... \n+00013c60: 496e 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 204f 5365 7320 In all the OSes \n+00013c70: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2074 6f6f install GRUB too\n+00013c80: 6c73 2062 7574 2064 6973 6162 6c65 2069 ls but disable i\n+00013c90: 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 2069 nstalling GRUB i\n+00013ca0: 6e0a 626f 6f74 7365 6374 6f72 2c20 736f n.bootsector, so\n+00013cb0: 2079 6f75 276c 6c20 6861 7665 206d 656e you'll have men\n+00013cc0: 752e 6c73 7420 616e 6420 6772 7562 2e63 u.lst and grub.c\n+00013cd0: 6667 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 fg available for\n+00013ce0: 2075 7365 2e0a 416c 736f 2064 6973 6162 use..Also disab\n+00013cf0: 6c65 206f 732d 7072 6f62 6572 2075 7365 le os-prober use\n+00013d00: 2062 7920 7365 7474 696e 673a 0a0a 2020 by setting:.. \n+00013d10: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 ...GRUB_DISABLE\n+00013d20: 5f4f 535f 5052 4f42 4552 3d74 7275 65e2 _OS_PROBER=true.\n+00013d30: 8099 0a0a 2020 2069 6e20 2f65 7463 2f64 .... in /etc/d\n+00013d40: 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 620a 0a20 2020 efault/grub.. \n+00013d50: 5468 656e 2077 7269 7465 2061 2067 7275 Then write a gru\n+00013d60: 622e 6366 6720 282f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 b.cfg (/mnt/boot\n+00013d70: 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 293a /grub/grub.cfg):\n+00013d80: 0a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 ... menuentr\n+00013d90: 7920 224f 5320 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 y \"OS using grub\n+00013da0: 3222 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e73 2\" {. ins\n+00013db0: 6d6f 6420 7866 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 mod xfs. \n+00013dc0: 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f search --set=roo\n+00013dd0: 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4f53 3120 2d2d t --label OS1 --\n+00013de0: 6869 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 380a hint hd0,msdos8.\n+00013df0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 6669 configfi\n+00013e00: 6c65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 le /boot/grub/gr\n+00013e10: 7562 2e63 6667 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 ub.cfg. }.. \n+00013e20: 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 224f menuentry \"O\n+00013e30: 5320 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 322d 6c65 S using grub2-le\n+00013e40: 6761 6379 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 gacy\" {. \n+00013e50: 696e 736d 6f64 2065 7874 320a 2020 2020 insmod ext2. \n+00013e60: 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 search --set\n+00013e70: 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4f53 =root --label OS\n+00013e80: 3220 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 2 --hint hd0,msd\n+00013e90: 6f73 360a 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c65 6761 os6. lega\n+00013ea0: 6379 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 6520 2f62 cy_configfile /b\n+00013eb0: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f6d 656e 752e 6c73 oot/grub/menu.ls\n+00013ec0: 740a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d t. }.. m\n+00013ed0: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 5769 6e64 6f77 enuentry \"Window\n+00013ee0: 7320 5850 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 s XP\" {. \n+00013ef0: 696e 736d 6f64 206e 7466 730a 2020 2020 insmod ntfs. \n+00013f00: 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 search --set\n+00013f10: 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 5749 =root --label WI\n+00013f20: 4e44 4f57 535f 5850 202d 2d68 696e 7420 NDOWS_XP --hint \n+00013f30: 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 0a20 2020 2020 hd0,msdos1. \n+00013f40: 2020 206e 746c 6472 202f 6e74 6c64 720a ntldr /ntldr.\n+00013f50: 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e }.. men\n+00013f60: 7565 6e74 7279 2022 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 uentry \"Windows \n+00013f70: 3722 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e73 7\" {. ins\n+00013f80: 6d6f 6420 6e74 6673 0a20 2020 2020 2020 mod ntfs. \n+00013f90: 2073 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 743d 726f search --set=ro\n+00013fa0: 6f74 202d 2d6c 6162 656c 2057 494e 444f ot --label WINDO\n+00013fb0: 5753 5f37 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c WS_7 --hint hd0,\n+00013fc0: 6d73 646f 7332 0a20 2020 2020 2020 206e msdos2. n\n+00013fd0: 746c 6472 202f 626f 6f74 6d67 720a 2020 tldr /bootmgr. \n+00013fe0: 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 }.. menue\n+00013ff0: 6e74 7279 2022 4672 6565 4253 4422 207b ntry \"FreeBSD\" {\n+00014000: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00014010: 696e 736d 6f64 207a 6673 0a20 2020 2020 insmod zfs. \n+00014020: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 search\n+00014030: 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 --set=root --la\n+00014040: 6265 6c20 6672 6565 706f 6f6c 202d 2d68 bel freepool --h\n+00014050: 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7337 0a20 int hd0,msdos7. \n+00014060: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6b66 kf\n+00014070: 7265 6562 7364 202f 6672 6565 6273 6440 reebsd /freebsd@\n+00014080: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e 656c 2f6b 6572 /boot/kernel/ker\n+00014090: 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nel. \n+000140a0: 2020 206b 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 kfreebsd_modu\n+000140b0: 6c65 5f65 6c66 202f 6672 6565 6273 6440 le_elf /freebsd@\n+000140c0: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e 656c 2f6f 7065 /boot/kernel/ope\n+000140d0: 6e73 6f6c 6172 6973 2e6b 6f0a 2020 2020 nsolaris.ko. \n+000140e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b 6672 6565 kfree\n+000140f0: 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 202f bsd_module_elf /\n+00014100: 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 freebsd@/boot/ke\n+00014110: 726e 656c 2f7a 6673 2e6b 6f0a 2020 2020 rnel/zfs.ko. \n+00014120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b 6672 6565 kfree\n+00014130: 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 202f 6672 6565 bsd_module /free\n+00014140: 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 7a66 732f 7a70 bsd@/boot/zfs/zp\n+00014150: 6f6f 6c2e 6361 6368 6520 7479 7065 3d2f ool.cache type=/\n+00014160: 626f 6f74 2f7a 6673 2f7a 706f 6f6c 2e63 boot/zfs/zpool.c\n+00014170: 6163 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ache. \n+00014180: 2020 2020 7365 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 set kFreeBSD\n+00014190: 2e76 6673 2e72 6f6f 742e 6d6f 756e 7466 .vfs.root.mountf\n+000141a0: 726f 6d3d 7a66 733a 6672 6565 706f 6f6c rom=zfs:freepool\n+000141b0: 2f66 7265 6562 7364 0a20 2020 2020 2020 /freebsd. \n+000141c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7420 6b46 7265 set kFre\n+000141d0: 6542 5344 2e68 772e 7073 6d2e 7379 6e61 eBSD.hw.psm.syna\n+000141e0: 7074 6963 735f 7375 7070 6f72 743d 310a ptics_support=1.\n+000141f0: 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e }.. men\n+00014200: 7565 6e74 7279 2022 6578 7065 7269 6d65 uentry \"experime\n+00014210: 6e74 616c 2047 5255 4222 207b 0a20 2020 ntal GRUB\" {. \n+00014220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 sear\n+00014230: 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d ch --set=root --\n+00014240: 6c61 6265 6c20 4752 5542 202d 2d68 696e label GRUB --hin\n+00014250: 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7335 0a20 2020 t hd0,msdos5. \n+00014260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d75 6c74 mult\n+00014270: 6962 6f6f 7420 2f65 7870 6572 696d 656e iboot /experimen\n+00014280: 7461 6c2f 6772 7562 2f69 3338 362d 7063 tal/grub/i386-pc\n+00014290: 2f63 6f72 652e 696d 670a 2020 2020 207d /core.img. }\n+000142a0: 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 .. menuentry\n+000142b0: 2022 4665 646f 7261 2031 3620 696e 7374 \"Fedora 16 inst\n+000142c0: 616c 6c65 7222 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 aller\" {. \n+000142d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d search -\n+000142e0: 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 -set=root --labe\n+000142f0: 6c20 4752 5542 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 l GRUB --hint hd\n+00014300: 302c 6d73 646f 7335 0a20 2020 2020 2020 0,msdos5. \n+00014310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c69 6e75 7820 2f66 linux /f\n+00014320: 6564 6f72 612f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a20 6c61 edora/vmlinuz la\n+00014330: 6e67 3d65 6e5f 5553 206b 6579 6d61 703d ng=en_US keymap=\n+00014340: 7367 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e3d 3132 sg resolution=12\n+00014350: 3830 7838 3030 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 80x800. \n+00014360: 2020 2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 202f 6665 initrd /fe\n+00014370: 646f 7261 2f69 6e69 7472 642e 696d 670a dora/initrd.img.\n+00014380: 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e }.. men\n+00014390: 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4665 646f 7261 2072 uentry \"Fedora r\n+000143a0: 6177 6869 6465 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 awhide installer\n+000143b0: 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \" {. \n+000143c0: 2020 2073 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 743d search --set=\n+000143d0: 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c 6162 656c 2047 5255 root --label GRU\n+000143e0: 4220 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 B --hint hd0,msd\n+000143f0: 6f73 350a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 os5. \n+00014400: 2020 206c 696e 7578 202f 6665 646f 7261 linux /fedora\n+00014410: 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 2072 6570 6f3d 6674 /vmlinuz repo=ft\n+00014420: 703a 2f2f 6d69 7272 6f72 2e73 7769 7463 p://mirror.switc\n+00014430: 682e 6368 2f6d 6972 726f 722f 6665 646f h.ch/mirror/fedo\n+00014440: 7261 2f6c 696e 7578 2f64 6576 656c 6f70 ra/linux/develop\n+00014450: 6d65 6e74 2f72 6177 6869 6465 2f78 3836 ment/rawhide/x86\n+00014460: 5f36 3420 6c61 6e67 3d65 6e5f 5553 206b _64 lang=en_US k\n+00014470: 6579 6d61 703d 7367 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 eymap=sg resolut\n+00014480: 696f 6e3d 3132 3830 7838 3030 0a20 2020 ion=1280x800. \n+00014490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 6974 init\n+000144a0: 7264 202f 6665 646f 7261 2f69 6e69 7472 rd /fedora/initr\n+000144b0: 642e 696d 670a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 d.img. }.. \n+000144c0: 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4465 menuentry \"De\n+000144d0: 6269 616e 2073 6964 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c bian sid install\n+000144e0: 6572 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 er\" {. \n+000144f0: 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 search --se\n+00014500: 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c 6162 656c 2047 t=root --label G\n+00014510: 5255 4220 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d RUB --hint hd0,m\n+00014520: 7364 6f73 350a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sdos5. \n+00014530: 2020 2020 206c 696e 7578 202f 6465 6269 linux /debi\n+00014540: 616e 2f64 6973 7473 2f73 6964 2f6d 6169 an/dists/sid/mai\n+00014550: 6e2f 696e 7374 616c 6c65 722d 616d 6436 n/installer-amd6\n+00014560: 342f 6375 7272 656e 742f 696d 6167 6573 4/current/images\n+00014570: 2f68 642d 6d65 6469 612f 766d 6c69 6e75 /hd-media/vmlinu\n+00014580: 7a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 z. \n+00014590: 2069 6e69 7472 6420 2f64 6562 6961 6e2f initrd /debian/\n+000145a0: 6469 7374 732f 7369 642f 6d61 696e 2f69 dists/sid/main/i\n+000145b0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2d61 6d64 3634 2f63 nstaller-amd64/c\n+000145c0: 7572 7265 6e74 2f69 6d61 6765 732f 6864 urrent/images/hd\n+000145d0: 2d6d 6564 6961 2f69 6e69 7472 642e 677a -media/initrd.gz\n+000145e0: 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 . }... Not\n+000145f0: 6573 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2041 7267 756d es:. ... Argum\n+00014600: 656e 7420 746f 2073 6561 7263 6820 6166 ent to search af\n+00014610: 7465 7220 2d6c 6162 656c 2069 7320 4653 ter -label is FS\n+00014620: 204c 4142 454c 2e20 596f 7520 6361 6e20 LABEL. You can \n+00014630: 616c 736f 2075 7365 2055 5549 4473 0a20 also use UUIDs. \n+00014640: 2020 2020 7769 7468 202d 6673 2d75 7569 with -fs-uui\n+00014650: 6420 5555 4944 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f d UUID instead o\n+00014660: 6620 2d6c 6162 656c 204c 4142 454c 2e20 f -label LABEL. \n+00014670: 596f 7520 636f 756c 6420 616c 736f 2075 You could also u\n+00014680: 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7265 6374 20e2 se. direct .\n+00014690: 8098 726f 6f74 3d68 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 ..root=hd0,msdos\n+000146a0: 58e2 8099 2062 7574 2074 6869 7320 6973 X... but this is\n+000146b0: 206e 6f74 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 not recommended\n+000146c0: 2064 7565 2074 6f20 6465 7669 6365 0a20 due to device. \n+000146d0: 2020 2020 6e61 6d65 2069 6e73 7461 6269 name instabi\n+000146e0: 6c69 7479 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 lity.....File: g\n+000146f0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00014700: 2045 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 Embedded config\n+00014710: 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 uration, Prev: \n+00014720: 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 Multi-boot manua\n+00014730: 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 2c20 2055 703a 2043 l config, Up: C\n+00014740: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a0a 362e onfiguration..6.\n+00014750: 3520 456d 6265 6464 696e 6720 6120 636f 5 Embedding a co\n+00014760: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n+00014770: 2069 6e74 6f20 4752 5542 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d into GRUB.=====\n 00014780: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00014790: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000147a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 ===========..GRU\n-000147b0: 4220 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2065 6d62 6564 B supports embed\n-000147c0: 6469 6e67 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 ding a configura\n-000147d0: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6469 7265 6374 tion file direct\n-000147e0: 6c79 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 636f 7265 ly into the core\n-000147f0: 0a69 6d61 6765 2c20 736f 2074 6861 7420 .image, so that \n-00014800: 6974 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 6566 it is loaded bef\n-00014810: 6f72 6520 656e 7465 7269 6e67 206e 6f72 ore entering nor\n-00014820: 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 2e20 2054 6869 7320 mal mode. This \n-00014830: 6973 0a75 7365 6675 6c2c 2066 6f72 2065 is.useful, for e\n-00014840: 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 7768 656e 2069 7420 xample, when it \n-00014850: 6973 206e 6f74 2073 7472 6169 6768 7466 is not straightf\n-00014860: 6f72 7761 7264 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 orward to find t\n-00014870: 6865 2072 6561 6c0a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 he real.configur\n-00014880: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2c20 6f72 2077 ation file, or w\n-00014890: 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 hen you need to \n-000148a0: 6465 6275 6720 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2077 debug problems w\n-000148b0: 6974 6820 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 7468 6174 ith loading that\n-000148c0: 0a66 696c 652e 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d .file. ...grub-\n-000148d0: 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2075 7365 7320 install... uses \n-000148e0: 7468 6973 2066 6561 7475 7265 2077 6865 this feature whe\n-000148f0: 6e20 6974 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7573 696e n it is not usin\n-00014900: 6720 4249 4f53 2064 6973 6b0a 6675 6e63 g BIOS disk.func\n-00014910: 7469 6f6e 7320 6f72 2077 6865 6e20 696e tions or when in\n-00014920: 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2074 6f20 6120 6469 stalling to a di\n-00014930: 6666 6572 656e 7420 6469 736b 2066 726f fferent disk fro\n-00014940: 6d20 7468 6520 6f6e 6520 636f 6e74 6169 m the one contai\n-00014950: 6e69 6e67 0ae2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 ning..../boot/gr\n-00014960: 7562 e280 992c 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 ub..., in which \n-00014970: 6361 7365 2069 7420 6e65 6564 7320 746f case it needs to\n-00014980: 2075 7365 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7365 6172 use the ...sear\n-00014990: 6368 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a ch... command (*\n-000149a0: 6e6f 7465 0a73 6561 7263 683a 3a29 2074 note.search::) t\n-000149b0: 6f20 6669 6e64 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f o find .../boot/\n-000149c0: 6772 7562 e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 grub...... To \n-000149d0: 656d 6265 6420 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 embed a configur\n-000149e0: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2c20 7573 6520 ation file, use \n-000149f0: 7468 6520 e280 982d 63e2 8099 206f 7074 the ...-c... opt\n-00014a00: 696f 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d ion to ...grub-m\n-00014a10: 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 992e 0a54 6865 2066 kimage.....The f\n-00014a20: 696c 6520 6973 2063 6f70 6965 6420 696e ile is copied in\n-00014a30: 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 to the core imag\n-00014a40: 652c 2073 6f20 6974 206d 6179 2072 6573 e, so it may res\n-00014a50: 6964 6520 616e 7977 6865 7265 206f 6e20 ide anywhere on \n-00014a60: 7468 650a 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d2c the.file system,\n-00014a70: 2061 6e64 206d 6179 2062 6520 7265 6d6f and may be remo\n-00014a80: 7665 6420 6166 7465 7220 7275 6e6e 696e ved after runnin\n-00014a90: 6720 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 g ...grub-mkimag\n-00014aa0: 65e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 4166 7465 7220 e...... After \n-00014ab0: 7468 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e the embedded con\n-00014ac0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 figuration file \n-00014ad0: 2869 6620 616e 7929 2069 7320 6578 6563 (if any) is exec\n-00014ae0: 7574 6564 2c20 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c0a uted, GRUB will.\n-00014af0: 6c6f 6164 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d load the ...norm\n-00014b00: 616c e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 2028 2a6e al... module (*n\n-00014b10: 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292c 2077 ote normal::), w\n-00014b20: 6869 6368 2077 696c 6c20 7468 656e 2072 hich will then r\n-00014b30: 6561 6420 7468 6520 7265 616c 0a63 6f6e ead the real.con\n-00014b40: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 figuration file \n-00014b50: 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 2470 7265 6669 782f from ...$prefix/\n-00014b60: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 992e 2020 4279 grub.cfg.... By\n-00014b70: 2074 6869 7320 706f 696e 742c 2074 6865 this point, the\n-00014b80: 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 990a 7661 7269 ...root....vari\n-00014b90: 6162 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 616c 736f 2068 able will also h\n-00014ba0: 6176 6520 6265 656e 2073 6574 2074 6f20 ave been set to \n-00014bb0: 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 the root device \n-00014bc0: 6e61 6d65 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 name. For examp\n-00014bd0: 6c65 2c0a e280 9870 7265 6669 78e2 8099 le,....prefix...\n-00014be0: 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f might be set to\n-00014bf0: 20e2 8098 2868 6430 2c31 292f 626f 6f74 ...(hd0,1)/boot\n-00014c00: 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 /grub..., and ..\n-00014c10: 9872 6f6f 74e2 8099 206d 6967 6874 2062 .root... might b\n-00014c20: 6520 7365 7420 746f 0ae2 8098 6864 302c e set to....hd0,\n-00014c30: 31e2 8099 2e20 2054 6875 732c 2069 6e20 1.... Thus, in \n-00014c40: 6d6f 7374 2063 6173 6573 2c20 7468 6520 most cases, the \n-00014c50: 656d 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 embedded configu\n-00014c60: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6f6e 6c79 ration file only\n-00014c70: 0a6e 6565 6473 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7468 .needs to set th\n-00014c80: 6520 e280 9870 7265 6669 78e2 8099 2061 e ...prefix... a\n-00014c90: 6e64 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 9920 7661 nd ...root... va\n-00014ca0: 7269 6162 6c65 732c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 riables, and the\n-00014cb0: 6e20 6472 6f70 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2074 n drop through t\n-00014cc0: 6f0a 4752 5542 2773 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 o.GRUB's normal \n-00014cd0: 7072 6f63 6573 7369 6e67 2e20 2041 2074 processing. A t\n-00014ce0: 7970 6963 616c 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 206f ypical example o\n-00014cf0: 6620 7468 6973 206d 6967 6874 206c 6f6f f this might loo\n-00014d00: 6b20 6c69 6b65 0a74 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 k like.this:.. \n-00014d10: 2020 2073 6561 7263 682e 6673 5f75 7569 search.fs_uui\n-00014d20: 6420 3031 3233 3435 3637 2d38 3961 622d d 01234567-89ab-\n-00014d30: 6364 6566 2d30 3132 332d 3435 3637 3839 cdef-0123-456789\n-00014d40: 6162 6364 6566 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 abcdef root. \n-00014d50: 2073 6574 2070 7265 6669 783d 2824 726f set prefix=($ro\n-00014d60: 6f74 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 0a20 ot)/boot/grub.. \n-00014d70: 2020 2854 6865 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 (The ...search\n-00014d80: 5f66 735f 7575 6964 e280 9920 6d6f 6475 _fs_uuid... modu\n-00014d90: 6c65 206d 7573 7420 6265 2069 6e63 6c75 le must be inclu\n-00014da0: 6465 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 ded in the core \n-00014db0: 696d 6167 6520 666f 720a 7468 6973 2065 image for.this e\n-00014dc0: 7861 6d70 6c65 2074 6f20 776f 726b 2e29 xample to work.)\n-00014dd0: 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 6d6f 7265 2063 6f6d .. In more com\n-00014de0: 706c 6578 2063 6173 6573 2c20 6974 206d plex cases, it m\n-00014df0: 6179 2062 6520 7573 6566 756c 2074 6f20 ay be useful to \n-00014e00: 7265 6164 206f 7468 6572 2063 6f6e 6669 read other confi\n-00014e10: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a66 696c 6573 2064 guration.files d\n-00014e20: 6972 6563 746c 7920 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 irectly from the\n-00014e30: 2065 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 embedded config\n-00014e40: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2e20 2054 uration file. T\n-00014e50: 6869 7320 616c 6c6f 7773 2073 7563 680a his allows such.\n-00014e60: 7468 696e 6773 2061 7320 7265 6164 696e things as readin\n-00014e70: 6720 6669 6c65 7320 6e6f 7420 6361 6c6c g files not call\n-00014e80: 6564 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 ed ...grub.cfg..\n-00014e90: 992c 206f 7220 7265 6164 696e 6720 6669 ., or reading fi\n-00014ea0: 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2061 0a64 6972 6563 les from a.direc\n-00014eb0: 746f 7279 206f 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 tory other than \n-00014ec0: 7468 6174 2077 6865 7265 2047 5255 4227 that where GRUB'\n-00014ed0: 7320 6c6f 6164 6162 6c65 206d 6f64 756c s loadable modul\n-00014ee0: 6573 2061 7265 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 es are installed\n-00014ef0: 2e0a 546f 2064 6f20 7468 6973 2c20 696e ..To do this, in\n-00014f00: 636c 7564 6520 7468 6520 e280 9863 6f6e clude the ...con\n-00014f10: 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 figfile... and .\n-00014f20: 8098 6e6f 726d 616c e280 9920 6d6f 6475 ..normal... modu\n-00014f30: 6c65 7320 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f72 650a les in the core.\n-00014f40: 696d 6167 652c 2061 6e64 2065 6d62 6564 image, and embed\n-00014f50: 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e a configuration\n-00014f60: 2066 696c 6520 7468 6174 2075 7365 7320 file that uses \n-00014f70: 7468 6520 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c the ...configfil\n-00014f80: 65e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a74 6f20 e... command.to \n-00014f90: 6c6f 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2066 696c load another fil\n-00014fa0: 652e 2020 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e e. The followin\n-00014fb0: 6720 6578 616d 706c 6520 6f66 2074 6869 g example of thi\n-00014fc0: 7320 616c 736f 2072 6571 7569 7265 7320 s also requires \n-00014fd0: 7468 650a e280 9865 6368 6fe2 8099 2c20 the....echo..., \n-00014fe0: e280 9873 6561 7263 685f 6c61 6265 6ce2 ...search_label.\n-00014ff0: 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9874 6573 74e2 .., and ...test.\n-00015000: 8099 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2074 6f20 6265 .. modules to be\n-00015010: 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 6420 696e 2074 6865 included in the\n-00015020: 2063 6f72 650a 696d 6167 653a 0a0a 2020 core.image:.. \n-00015030: 2020 2073 6561 7263 682e 6673 5f6c 6162 search.fs_lab\n-00015040: 656c 2067 7275 6220 726f 6f74 0a20 2020 el grub root. \n-00015050: 2020 6966 205b 202d 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f if [ -e /boot/\n-00015060: 6772 7562 2f65 7861 6d70 6c65 2f74 6573 grub/example/tes\n-00015070: 7431 2e63 6667 205d 3b20 7468 656e 0a20 t1.cfg ]; then. \n-00015080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7420 7072 6566 set pref\n-00015090: 6978 3d28 2472 6f6f 7429 2f62 6f6f 742f ix=($root)/boot/\n-000150a0: 6772 7562 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f grub. co\n-000150b0: 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 nfigfile /boot/g\n-000150c0: 7275 622f 6578 616d 706c 652f 7465 7374 rub/example/test\n-000150d0: 312e 6366 670a 2020 2020 2065 6c73 650a 1.cfg. else.\n-000150e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6620 5b20 2d65 if [ -e\n-000150f0: 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6578 616d /boot/grub/exam\n-00015100: 706c 652f 7465 7374 322e 6366 6720 5d3b ple/test2.cfg ];\n-00015110: 2074 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 then. \n-00015120: 2020 2073 6574 2070 7265 6669 783d 2824 set prefix=($\n-00015130: 726f 6f74 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 620a root)/boot/grub.\n-00015140: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 6f6e con\n-00015150: 6669 6766 696c 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 figfile /boot/gr\n-00015160: 7562 2f65 7861 6d70 6c65 2f74 6573 7432 ub/example/test2\n-00015170: 2e63 6667 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 656c .cfg. el\n-00015180: 7365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 se. \n-00015190: 6563 686f 2022 436f 756c 6420 6e6f 7420 echo \"Could not \n-000151a0: 6669 6e64 2061 6e20 6578 616d 706c 6520 find an example \n-000151b0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n-000151c0: 6c65 2122 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 6669 le!\". fi\n-000151d0: 0a20 2020 2020 6669 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 . fi.. The\n-000151e0: 2065 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 embedded config\n-000151f0: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 206d 6179 uration file may\n-00015200: 206e 6f74 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 206d 656e not contain men\n-00015210: 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a 6469 7265 6374 u entries.direct\n-00015220: 6c79 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 6f6e 6c79 ly, but may only\n-00015230: 2072 6561 6420 7468 656d 2066 726f 6d20 read them from \n-00015240: 656c 7365 7768 6572 6520 7573 696e 6720 elsewhere using \n-00015250: e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 ...configfile...\n-00015260: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00015270: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2054 6865 info, Node: The\n-00015280: 6d65 2066 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 2c20 me file format, \n-00015290: 204e 6578 743a 204e 6574 776f 726b 2c20 Next: Network, \n-000152a0: 2050 7265 763a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 Prev: Configura\n-000152b0: 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a tion, Up: Top..\n-000152c0: 3720 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 7 Theme file for\n-000152d0: 6d61 740a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a mat.************\n-000152e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a37 2e31 2049 6e74 *******..7.1 Int\n-000152f0: 726f 6475 6374 696f 6e0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d roduction.======\n-00015300: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 ==========..The \n-00015310: 4752 5542 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c 206d GRUB graphical m\n-00015320: 656e 7520 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2074 6865 enu supports the\n-00015330: 6d65 7320 7468 6174 2063 616e 2063 7573 mes that can cus\n-00015340: 746f 6d69 7a65 2074 6865 206c 6179 6f75 tomize the layou\n-00015350: 740a 616e 6420 6170 7065 6172 616e 6365 t.and appearance\n-00015360: 206f 6620 7468 6520 4752 5542 2062 6f6f of the GRUB boo\n-00015370: 7420 6d65 6e75 2e20 2054 6865 2074 6865 t menu. The the\n-00015380: 6d65 2069 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 me is configured\n-00015390: 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2061 0a70 6c61 696e through a.plain\n-000153a0: 2074 6578 7420 6669 6c65 2074 6861 7420 text file that \n-000153b0: 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 6c61 specifies the la\n-000153c0: 796f 7574 206f 6620 7468 6520 7661 7269 yout of the vari\n-000153d0: 6f75 7320 4755 4920 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e ous GUI componen\n-000153e0: 7473 0a28 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 7468 ts.(including th\n-000153f0: 6520 626f 6f74 206d 656e 752c 2074 696d e boot menu, tim\n-00015400: 656f 7574 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 eout progress ba\n-00015410: 722c 2061 6e64 2074 6578 7420 6d65 7373 r, and text mess\n-00015420: 6167 6573 2920 6173 0a77 656c 6c20 6173 ages) as.well as\n-00015430: 2074 6865 2061 7070 6561 7261 6e63 6520 the appearance \n-00015440: 7573 696e 6720 636f 6c6f 7273 2c20 666f using colors, fo\n-00015450: 6e74 732c 2061 6e64 2069 6d61 6765 732e nts, and images.\n-00015460: 2020 4578 616d 706c 6520 6973 0a61 7661 Example is.ava\n-00015470: 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 646f 6373 2f65 ilable in docs/e\n-00015480: 7861 6d70 6c65 5f74 6865 6d65 2e74 7874 xample_theme.txt\n-00015490: 0a0a 372e 3220 5468 656d 6520 456c 656d ..7.2 Theme Elem\n-000154a0: 656e 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ents.===========\n-000154b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a37 2e32 2e31 2043 =======..7.2.1 C\n-000154c0: 6f6c 6f72 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d olors.----------\n-000154d0: 2d2d 0a0a 436f 6c6f 7273 2063 616e 2062 --..Colors can b\n-000154e0: 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 696e 2073 e specified in s\n-000154f0: 6576 6572 616c 2077 6179 733a 0a0a 2020 everal ways:.. \n-00015500: 20e2 80a2 2048 544d 4c2d 7374 796c 6520 ... HTML-style \n-00015510: 2223 5252 4747 4242 2220 6f72 2022 2352 \"#RRGGBB\" or \"#R\n-00015520: 4742 2220 666f 726d 6174 2c20 7768 6572 GB\" format, wher\n-00015530: 6520 2a52 2a2c 202a 472a 2c20 616e 6420 e *R*, *G*, and \n-00015540: 2a42 2a20 6172 650a 2020 2020 2068 6578 *B* are. hex\n-00015550: 6164 6563 696d 616c 2064 6967 6974 7320 adecimal digits \n-00015560: 2865 2e67 2e2c 2022 2338 3839 3946 4622 (e.g., \"#8899FF\"\n-00015570: 290a 2020 20e2 80a2 2061 7320 636f 6d6d ). ... as comm\n-00015580: 612d 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6465 6369 a-separated deci\n-00015590: 6d61 6c20 5247 4220 7661 6c75 6573 2028 mal RGB values (\n-000155a0: 652e 672e 2c20 2231 3238 2c20 3132 382c e.g., \"128, 128,\n-000155b0: 2032 3535 2229 0a20 2020 e280 a220 7769 255\"). ... wi\n-000155c0: 7468 2022 5356 4720 312e 3020 636f 6c6f th \"SVG 1.0 colo\n-000155d0: 7220 6e61 6d65 7322 2028 652e 672e 2c20 r names\" (e.g., \n-000155e0: 2263 6f72 6e66 6c6f 7765 7262 6c75 6522 \"cornflowerblue\"\n-000155f0: 2920 7768 6963 6820 6d75 7374 2062 650a ) which must be.\n-00015600: 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 specified i\n-00015610: 6e20 6c6f 7765 7263 6173 652e 0a0a 372e n lowercase...7.\n-00015620: 322e 3220 466f 6e74 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2.2 Fonts.------\n-00015630: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6865 2066 6f6e 7473 -----..The fonts\n-00015640: 2047 5255 4220 7573 6573 2022 5046 4632 GRUB uses \"PFF2\n-00015650: 2066 6f6e 7420 666f 726d 6174 2220 6269 font format\" bi\n-00015660: 746d 6170 2066 6f6e 7473 2e20 2046 6f6e tmap fonts. Fon\n-00015670: 7473 2061 7265 0a73 7065 6369 6669 6564 ts are.specified\n-00015680: 2077 6974 6820 6675 6c6c 2066 6f6e 7420 with full font \n-00015690: 6e61 6d65 732e 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c names. Currentl\n-000156a0: 7920 7468 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 7072 y there is no pr\n-000156b0: 6f76 6973 696f 6e20 666f 7220 610a 7072 ovision for a.pr\n-000156c0: 6566 6572 656e 6365 206c 6973 7420 6f66 eference list of\n-000156d0: 2066 6f6e 7473 2c20 6f72 2064 6572 6976 fonts, or deriv\n-000156e0: 696e 6720 6f6e 6520 666f 6e74 2066 726f ing one font fro\n-000156f0: 6d20 616e 6f74 6865 722e 2020 466f 6e74 m another. Font\n-00015700: 7320 6172 650a 6c6f 6164 6564 2077 6974 s are.loaded wit\n-00015710: 6820 7468 6520 226c 6f61 6466 6f6e 7422 h the \"loadfont\"\n-00015720: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 6e20 4752 5542 command in GRUB\n-00015730: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 (*note loadfont\n-00015740: 3a3a 292e 2020 546f 2073 6565 0a74 6865 ::). To see.the\n-00015750: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 206c 6f61 6465 6420 list of loaded \n-00015760: 666f 6e74 732c 2065 7865 6375 7465 2074 fonts, execute t\n-00015770: 6865 2022 6c73 666f 6e74 7322 2063 6f6d he \"lsfonts\" com\n-00015780: 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 6c73 666f mand (*note.lsfo\n-00015790: 6e74 733a 3a29 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6572 nts::). If ther\n-000157a0: 6520 6172 6520 746f 6f20 6d61 6e79 2066 e are too many f\n-000157b0: 6f6e 7473 2074 6f20 6669 7420 6f6e 2073 onts to fit on s\n-000157c0: 6372 6565 6e2c 2064 6f20 2273 6574 0a70 creen, do \"set.p\n-000157d0: 6167 6572 3d31 2220 6265 666f 7265 2065 ager=1\" before e\n-000157e0: 7865 6375 7469 6e67 2022 6c73 666f 6e74 xecuting \"lsfont\n-000157f0: 7322 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e33 2050 726f 6772 s\"...7.2.3 Progr\n-00015800: 6573 7320 4261 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ess Bar.--------\n-00015810: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4669 6775 ----------..Figu\n-00015820: 7265 2037 2e31 0a46 6967 7572 6520 372e re 7.1.Figure 7.\n-00015830: 320a 5072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 7320 2.Progress bars \n-00015840: 6172 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6469 7370 are used to disp\n-00015850: 6c61 7920 7468 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e lay the remainin\n-00015860: 6720 7469 6d65 2062 6566 6f72 6520 4752 g time before GR\n-00015870: 5542 2062 6f6f 7473 0a74 6865 2064 6566 UB boots.the def\n-00015880: 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 792e ault menu entry.\n-00015890: 2020 546f 2063 7265 6174 6520 6120 7072 To create a pr\n-000158a0: 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2074 6861 7420 ogress bar that \n-000158b0: 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 will display the\n-000158c0: 0a72 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 696d 6520 .remaining time \n-000158d0: 6265 666f 7265 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 before automatic\n-000158e0: 2062 6f6f 742c 2073 696d 706c 7920 6372 boot, simply cr\n-000158f0: 6561 7465 2061 2022 7072 6f67 7265 7373 eate a \"progress\n-00015900: 5f62 6172 220a 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 _bar\".component \n-00015910: 7769 7468 2074 6865 2069 6420 225f 5f74 with the id \"__t\n-00015920: 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 222e 2020 5468 6973 imeout__\". This\n-00015930: 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6573 2074 6f20 4752 indicates to GR\n-00015940: 5542 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a 7072 6f67 UB that the.prog\n-00015950: 7265 7373 2062 6172 2073 686f 756c 6420 ress bar should \n-00015960: 6265 2075 7064 6174 6564 2061 7320 7469 be updated as ti\n-00015970: 6d65 2070 6173 7365 732c 2061 6e64 2069 me passes, and i\n-00015980: 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6d61 6465 t should be made\n-00015990: 0a69 6e76 6973 6962 6c65 2069 6620 7468 .invisible if th\n-000159a0: 6520 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6e20 746f 2061 e countdown to a\n-000159b0: 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 utomatic boot is\n-000159c0: 2069 6e74 6572 7275 7074 6564 2062 7920 interrupted by \n-000159d0: 7468 6520 7573 6572 2e0a 0a20 2020 5072 the user... Pr\n-000159e0: 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 7320 6d61 7920 ogress bars may \n-000159f0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2068 6176 6520 optionally have \n-00015a00: 7465 7874 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 206f text displayed o\n-00015a10: 6e20 7468 656d 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7465 n them. This te\n-00015a20: 7874 0a69 7320 636f 6e74 726f 6c6c 6564 xt.is controlled\n-00015a30: 2062 7920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2022 7465 by variable \"te\n-00015a40: 7874 2220 7768 6963 6820 636f 6e74 6169 xt\" which contai\n-00015a50: 6e73 2061 2070 7269 6e74 6620 7465 6d70 ns a printf temp\n-00015a60: 6c61 7465 2077 6974 680a 7468 6520 6f6e late with.the on\n-00015a70: 6c79 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 2564 2069 ly argument %d i\n-00015a80: 7320 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 s the number of \n-00015a90: 7365 636f 6e64 7320 7265 6d61 696e 696e seconds remainin\n-00015aa0: 672e 2020 4164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 g. Additionally\n-00015ab0: 0a73 7065 6369 616c 2076 616c 7565 7320 .special values \n-00015ac0: 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 \"@TIMEOUT_NOTIFI\n-00015ad0: 4341 5449 4f4e 5f53 484f 5254 4022 2c0a CATION_SHORT@\",.\n-00015ae0: 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 \"@TIMEOUT_NOTIFI\n-00015af0: 4341 5449 4f4e 5f4d 4944 444c 4540 222c CATION_MIDDLE@\",\n-00015b00: 2022 4054 494d 454f 5554 5f4e 4f54 4946 \"@TIMEOUT_NOTIF\n-00015b10: 4943 4154 494f 4e5f 4c4f 4e47 4022 2061 ICATION_LONG@\" a\n-00015b20: 7265 0a72 6570 6c61 6365 6420 7769 7468 re.replaced with\n-00015b30: 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 616e 6420 7472 standard and tr\n-00015b40: 616e 736c 6174 6564 2074 656d 706c 6174 anslated templat\n-00015b50: 6573 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e34 2043 6972 6375 es...7.2.4 Circu\n-00015b60: 6c61 7220 5072 6f67 7265 7373 2049 6e64 lar Progress Ind\n-00015b70: 6963 6174 6f72 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d icator.---------\n+000147a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 7375 =======..GRUB su\n+000147b0: 7070 6f72 7473 2065 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 pports embedding\n+000147c0: 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e a configuration\n+000147d0: 2066 696c 6520 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2069 file directly i\n+000147e0: 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 636f 7265 0a69 6d61 nto the core.ima\n+000147f0: 6765 2c20 736f 2074 6861 7420 6974 2069 ge, so that it i\n+00014800: 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 6566 6f72 6520 s loaded before \n+00014810: 656e 7465 7269 6e67 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 entering normal \n+00014820: 6d6f 6465 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 0a75 mode. This is.u\n+00014830: 7365 6675 6c2c 2066 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 seful, for examp\n+00014840: 6c65 2c20 7768 656e 2069 7420 6973 206e le, when it is n\n+00014850: 6f74 2073 7472 6169 6768 7466 6f72 7761 ot straightforwa\n+00014860: 7264 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 6865 2072 rd to find the r\n+00014870: 6561 6c0a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f eal.configuratio\n+00014880: 6e20 6669 6c65 2c20 6f72 2077 6865 6e20 n file, or when \n+00014890: 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6465 6275 you need to debu\n+000148a0: 6720 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2077 6974 6820 g problems with \n+000148b0: 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 7468 6174 0a66 696c loading that.fil\n+000148c0: 652e 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 e. ...grub-inst\n+000148d0: 616c 6ce2 8099 2075 7365 7320 7468 6973 all... uses this\n+000148e0: 2066 6561 7475 7265 2077 6865 6e20 6974 feature when it\n+000148f0: 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7573 696e 6720 4249 is not using BI\n+00014900: 4f53 2064 6973 6b0a 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e OS disk.function\n+00014910: 7320 6f72 2077 6865 6e20 696e 7374 616c s or when instal\n+00014920: 6c69 6e67 2074 6f20 6120 6469 6666 6572 ling to a differ\n+00014930: 656e 7420 6469 736b 2066 726f 6d20 7468 ent disk from th\n+00014940: 6520 6f6e 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 e one containing\n+00014950: 0ae2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 ..../boot/grub..\n+00014960: 992c 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 6361 7365 ., in which case\n+00014970: 2069 7420 6e65 6564 7320 746f 2075 7365 it needs to use\n+00014980: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 e280 the ...search..\n+00014990: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 . command (*note\n+000149a0: 0a73 6561 7263 683a 3a29 2074 6f20 6669 .search::) to fi\n+000149b0: 6e64 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 nd .../boot/grub\n+000149c0: e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 656d 6265 ...... To embe\n+000149d0: 6420 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f d a configuratio\n+000149e0: 6e20 6669 6c65 2c20 7573 6520 7468 6520 n file, use the \n+000149f0: e280 982d 63e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 ...-c... option \n+00014a00: 746f 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 to ...grub-mkima\n+00014a10: 6765 e280 992e 0a54 6865 2066 696c 6520 ge.....The file \n+00014a20: 6973 2063 6f70 6965 6420 696e 746f 2074 is copied into t\n+00014a30: 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 652c 2073 he core image, s\n+00014a40: 6f20 6974 206d 6179 2072 6573 6964 6520 o it may reside \n+00014a50: 616e 7977 6865 7265 206f 6e20 7468 650a anywhere on the.\n+00014a60: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2061 6e64 file system, and\n+00014a70: 206d 6179 2062 6520 7265 6d6f 7665 6420 may be removed \n+00014a80: 6166 7465 7220 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 e280 after running ..\n+00014a90: 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 65e2 8099 .grub-mkimage...\n+00014aa0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4166 7465 7220 7468 6520 ... After the \n+00014ab0: 656d 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 embedded configu\n+00014ac0: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 2869 6620 ration file (if \n+00014ad0: 616e 7929 2069 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 any) is executed\n+00014ae0: 2c20 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c0a 6c6f 6164 , GRUB will.load\n+00014af0: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c e280 the ...normal..\n+00014b00: 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 . module (*note \n+00014b10: 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292c 2077 6869 6368 normal::), which\n+00014b20: 2077 696c 6c20 7468 656e 2072 6561 6420 will then read \n+00014b30: 7468 6520 7265 616c 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 the real.configu\n+00014b40: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6672 6f6d ration file from\n+00014b50: 20e2 8098 2470 7265 6669 782f 6772 7562 ...$prefix/grub\n+00014b60: 2e63 6667 e280 992e 2020 4279 2074 6869 .cfg.... By thi\n+00014b70: 7320 706f 696e 742c 2074 6865 20e2 8098 s point, the ...\n+00014b80: 726f 6f74 e280 990a 7661 7269 6162 6c65 root....variable\n+00014b90: 2077 696c 6c20 616c 736f 2068 6176 6520 will also have \n+00014ba0: 6265 656e 2073 6574 2074 6f20 7468 6520 been set to the \n+00014bb0: 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 root device name\n+00014bc0: 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a . For example,.\n+00014bd0: e280 9870 7265 6669 78e2 8099 206d 6967 ...prefix... mig\n+00014be0: 6874 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 ht be set to ...\n+00014bf0: 2868 6430 2c31 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 (hd0,1)/boot/gru\n+00014c00: 62e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9872 6f6f b..., and ...roo\n+00014c10: 74e2 8099 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 7365 t... might be se\n+00014c20: 7420 746f 0ae2 8098 6864 302c 31e2 8099 t to....hd0,1...\n+00014c30: 2e20 2054 6875 732c 2069 6e20 6d6f 7374 . Thus, in most\n+00014c40: 2063 6173 6573 2c20 7468 6520 656d 6265 cases, the embe\n+00014c50: 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 dded configurati\n+00014c60: 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6f6e 6c79 0a6e 6565 on file only.nee\n+00014c70: 6473 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7468 6520 e280 ds to set the ..\n+00014c80: 9870 7265 6669 78e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 .prefix... and .\n+00014c90: 8098 726f 6f74 e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 ..root... variab\n+00014ca0: 6c65 732c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 6e20 6472 les, and then dr\n+00014cb0: 6f70 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2074 6f0a 4752 op through to.GR\n+00014cc0: 5542 2773 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 7072 6f63 UB's normal proc\n+00014cd0: 6573 7369 6e67 2e20 2041 2074 7970 6963 essing. A typic\n+00014ce0: 616c 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 206f 6620 7468 al example of th\n+00014cf0: 6973 206d 6967 6874 206c 6f6f 6b20 6c69 is might look li\n+00014d00: 6b65 0a74 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 ke.this:.. s\n+00014d10: 6561 7263 682e 6673 5f75 7569 6420 3031 earch.fs_uuid 01\n+00014d20: 3233 3435 3637 2d38 3961 622d 6364 6566 234567-89ab-cdef\n+00014d30: 2d30 3132 332d 3435 3637 3839 6162 6364 -0123-456789abcd\n+00014d40: 6566 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2073 6574 ef root. set\n+00014d50: 2070 7265 6669 783d 2824 726f 6f74 292f prefix=($root)/\n+00014d60: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 0a20 2020 2854 boot/grub.. (T\n+00014d70: 6865 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 5f66 735f he ...search_fs_\n+00014d80: 7575 6964 e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 206d uuid... module m\n+00014d90: 7573 7420 6265 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 6420 ust be included \n+00014da0: 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 in the core imag\n+00014db0: 6520 666f 720a 7468 6973 2065 7861 6d70 e for.this examp\n+00014dc0: 6c65 2074 6f20 776f 726b 2e29 0a0a 2020 le to work.).. \n+00014dd0: 2049 6e20 6d6f 7265 2063 6f6d 706c 6578 In more complex\n+00014de0: 2063 6173 6573 2c20 6974 206d 6179 2062 cases, it may b\n+00014df0: 6520 7573 6566 756c 2074 6f20 7265 6164 e useful to read\n+00014e00: 206f 7468 6572 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 other configura\n+00014e10: 7469 6f6e 0a66 696c 6573 2064 6972 6563 tion.files direc\n+00014e20: 746c 7920 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2065 6d62 tly from the emb\n+00014e30: 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 edded configurat\n+00014e40: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2e20 2054 6869 7320 ion file. This \n+00014e50: 616c 6c6f 7773 2073 7563 680a 7468 696e allows such.thin\n+00014e60: 6773 2061 7320 7265 6164 696e 6720 6669 gs as reading fi\n+00014e70: 6c65 7320 6e6f 7420 6361 6c6c 6564 20e2 les not called .\n+00014e80: 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 992c 206f ..grub.cfg..., o\n+00014e90: 7220 7265 6164 696e 6720 6669 6c65 7320 r reading files \n+00014ea0: 6672 6f6d 2061 0a64 6972 6563 746f 7279 from a.directory\n+00014eb0: 206f 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6174 other than that\n+00014ec0: 2077 6865 7265 2047 5255 4227 7320 6c6f where GRUB's lo\n+00014ed0: 6164 6162 6c65 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2061 adable modules a\n+00014ee0: 7265 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2e0a 546f re installed..To\n+00014ef0: 2064 6f20 7468 6973 2c20 696e 636c 7564 do this, includ\n+00014f00: 6520 7468 6520 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 e the ...configf\n+00014f10: 696c 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6e6f ile... and ...no\n+00014f20: 726d 616c e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 rmal... modules \n+00014f30: 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f72 650a 696d 6167 in the core.imag\n+00014f40: 652c 2061 6e64 2065 6d62 6564 2061 2063 e, and embed a c\n+00014f50: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n+00014f60: 6520 7468 6174 2075 7365 7320 7468 6520 e that uses the \n+00014f70: e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 ...configfile...\n+00014f80: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a74 6f20 6c6f 6164 command.to load\n+00014f90: 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2066 696c 652e 2020 another file. \n+00014fa0: 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6578 The following ex\n+00014fb0: 616d 706c 6520 6f66 2074 6869 7320 616c ample of this al\n+00014fc0: 736f 2072 6571 7569 7265 7320 7468 650a so requires the.\n+00014fd0: e280 9865 6368 6fe2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 ...echo..., ...s\n+00014fe0: 6561 7263 685f 6c61 6265 6ce2 8099 2c20 earch_label..., \n+00014ff0: 616e 6420 e280 9874 6573 74e2 8099 206d and ...test... m\n+00015000: 6f64 756c 6573 2074 6f20 6265 2069 6e63 odules to be inc\n+00015010: 6c75 6465 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f72 luded in the cor\n+00015020: 650a 696d 6167 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 e.image:.. s\n+00015030: 6561 7263 682e 6673 5f6c 6162 656c 2067 earch.fs_label g\n+00015040: 7275 6220 726f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6966 rub root. if\n+00015050: 205b 202d 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 [ -e /boot/grub\n+00015060: 2f65 7861 6d70 6c65 2f74 6573 7431 2e63 /example/test1.c\n+00015070: 6667 205d 3b20 7468 656e 0a20 2020 2020 fg ]; then. \n+00015080: 2020 2020 7365 7420 7072 6566 6978 3d28 set prefix=(\n+00015090: 2472 6f6f 7429 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 $root)/boot/grub\n+000150a0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 . config\n+000150b0: 6669 6c65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f file /boot/grub/\n+000150c0: 6578 616d 706c 652f 7465 7374 312e 6366 example/test1.cf\n+000150d0: 670a 2020 2020 2065 6c73 650a 2020 2020 g. else. \n+000150e0: 2020 2020 2069 6620 5b20 2d65 202f 626f if [ -e /bo\n+000150f0: 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6578 616d 706c 652f ot/grub/example/\n+00015100: 7465 7374 322e 6366 6720 5d3b 2074 6865 test2.cfg ]; the\n+00015110: 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 n. s\n+00015120: 6574 2070 7265 6669 783d 2824 726f 6f74 et prefix=($root\n+00015130: 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 2020 2020 )/boot/grub. \n+00015140: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 configf\n+00015150: 696c 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f65 ile /boot/grub/e\n+00015160: 7861 6d70 6c65 2f74 6573 7432 2e63 6667 xample/test2.cfg\n+00015170: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 656c 7365 0a20 . else. \n+00015180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6563 686f echo\n+00015190: 2022 436f 756c 6420 6e6f 7420 6669 6e64 \"Could not find\n+000151a0: 2061 6e20 6578 616d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 an example conf\n+000151b0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2122 iguration file!\"\n+000151c0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 6669 0a20 2020 . fi. \n+000151d0: 2020 6669 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2065 6d62 fi.. The emb\n+000151e0: 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 edded configurat\n+000151f0: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 206d 6179 206e 6f74 ion file may not\n+00015200: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 206d 656e 7520 656e contain menu en\n+00015210: 7472 6965 730a 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 tries.directly, \n+00015220: 6275 7420 6d61 7920 6f6e 6c79 2072 6561 but may only rea\n+00015230: 6420 7468 656d 2066 726f 6d20 656c 7365 d them from else\n+00015240: 7768 6572 6520 7573 696e 6720 e280 9863 where using ...c\n+00015250: 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f onfigfile.......\n+00015260: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00015270: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2054 6865 6d65 2066 , Node: Theme f\n+00015280: 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 2c20 204e 6578 ile format, Nex\n+00015290: 743a 204e 6574 776f 726b 2c20 2050 7265 t: Network, Pre\n+000152a0: 763a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e v: Configuration\n+000152b0: 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3720 5468 , Up: Top..7 Th\n+000152c0: 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 740a eme file format.\n+000152d0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+000152e0: 2a2a 2a0a 0a37 2e31 2049 6e74 726f 6475 ***..7.1 Introdu\n+000152f0: 6374 696f 6e0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ction.==========\n+00015300: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 4752 5542 ======..The GRUB\n+00015310: 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c 206d 656e 7520 graphical menu \n+00015320: 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2074 6865 6d65 7320 supports themes \n+00015330: 7468 6174 2063 616e 2063 7573 746f 6d69 that can customi\n+00015340: 7a65 2074 6865 206c 6179 6f75 740a 616e ze the layout.an\n+00015350: 6420 6170 7065 6172 616e 6365 206f 6620 d appearance of \n+00015360: 7468 6520 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 the GRUB boot me\n+00015370: 6e75 2e20 2054 6865 2074 6865 6d65 2069 nu. The theme i\n+00015380: 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2074 6872 s configured thr\n+00015390: 6f75 6768 2061 0a70 6c61 696e 2074 6578 ough a.plain tex\n+000153a0: 7420 6669 6c65 2074 6861 7420 7370 6563 t file that spec\n+000153b0: 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 6c61 796f 7574 ifies the layout\n+000153c0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 7661 7269 6f75 7320 of the various \n+000153d0: 4755 4920 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 0a28 GUI components.(\n+000153e0: 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 7468 6520 626f including the bo\n+000153f0: 6f74 206d 656e 752c 2074 696d 656f 7574 ot menu, timeout\n+00015400: 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 722c 2061 progress bar, a\n+00015410: 6e64 2074 6578 7420 6d65 7373 6167 6573 nd text messages\n+00015420: 2920 6173 0a77 656c 6c20 6173 2074 6865 ) as.well as the\n+00015430: 2061 7070 6561 7261 6e63 6520 7573 696e appearance usin\n+00015440: 6720 636f 6c6f 7273 2c20 666f 6e74 732c g colors, fonts,\n+00015450: 2061 6e64 2069 6d61 6765 732e 2020 4578 and images. Ex\n+00015460: 616d 706c 6520 6973 0a61 7661 696c 6162 ample is.availab\n+00015470: 6c65 2069 6e20 646f 6373 2f65 7861 6d70 le in docs/examp\n+00015480: 6c65 5f74 6865 6d65 2e74 7874 0a0a 372e le_theme.txt..7.\n+00015490: 3220 5468 656d 6520 456c 656d 656e 7473 2 Theme Elements\n+000154a0: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n+000154b0: 3d3d 3d0a 0a37 2e32 2e31 2043 6f6c 6f72 ===..7.2.1 Color\n+000154c0: 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a s.------------..\n+000154d0: 436f 6c6f 7273 2063 616e 2062 6520 7370 Colors can be sp\n+000154e0: 6563 6966 6965 6420 696e 2073 6576 6572 ecified in sever\n+000154f0: 616c 2077 6179 733a 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 al ways:.. ...\n+00015500: 2048 544d 4c2d 7374 796c 6520 2223 5252 HTML-style \"#RR\n+00015510: 4747 4242 2220 6f72 2022 2352 4742 2220 GGBB\" or \"#RGB\" \n+00015520: 666f 726d 6174 2c20 7768 6572 6520 2a52 format, where *R\n+00015530: 2a2c 202a 472a 2c20 616e 6420 2a42 2a20 *, *G*, and *B* \n+00015540: 6172 650a 2020 2020 2068 6578 6164 6563 are. hexadec\n+00015550: 696d 616c 2064 6967 6974 7320 2865 2e67 imal digits (e.g\n+00015560: 2e2c 2022 2338 3839 3946 4622 290a 2020 ., \"#8899FF\"). \n+00015570: 20e2 80a2 2061 7320 636f 6d6d 612d 7365 ... as comma-se\n+00015580: 7061 7261 7465 6420 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 parated decimal \n+00015590: 5247 4220 7661 6c75 6573 2028 652e 672e RGB values (e.g.\n+000155a0: 2c20 2231 3238 2c20 3132 382c 2032 3535 , \"128, 128, 255\n+000155b0: 2229 0a20 2020 e280 a220 7769 7468 2022 \"). ... with \"\n+000155c0: 5356 4720 312e 3020 636f 6c6f 7220 6e61 SVG 1.0 color na\n+000155d0: 6d65 7322 2028 652e 672e 2c20 2263 6f72 mes\" (e.g., \"cor\n+000155e0: 6e66 6c6f 7765 7262 6c75 6522 2920 7768 nflowerblue\") wh\n+000155f0: 6963 6820 6d75 7374 2062 650a 2020 2020 ich must be. \n+00015600: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 6e20 6c6f specified in lo\n+00015610: 7765 7263 6173 652e 0a0a 372e 322e 3220 wercase...7.2.2 \n+00015620: 466f 6e74 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d Fonts.----------\n+00015630: 2d0a 0a54 6865 2066 6f6e 7473 2047 5255 -..The fonts GRU\n+00015640: 4220 7573 6573 2022 5046 4632 2066 6f6e B uses \"PFF2 fon\n+00015650: 7420 666f 726d 6174 2220 6269 746d 6170 t format\" bitmap\n+00015660: 2066 6f6e 7473 2e20 2046 6f6e 7473 2061 fonts. Fonts a\n+00015670: 7265 0a73 7065 6369 6669 6564 2077 6974 re.specified wit\n+00015680: 6820 6675 6c6c 2066 6f6e 7420 6e61 6d65 h full font name\n+00015690: 732e 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 7468 s. Currently th\n+000156a0: 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 7072 6f76 6973 ere is no provis\n+000156b0: 696f 6e20 666f 7220 610a 7072 6566 6572 ion for a.prefer\n+000156c0: 656e 6365 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2066 6f6e ence list of fon\n+000156d0: 7473 2c20 6f72 2064 6572 6976 696e 6720 ts, or deriving \n+000156e0: 6f6e 6520 666f 6e74 2066 726f 6d20 616e one font from an\n+000156f0: 6f74 6865 722e 2020 466f 6e74 7320 6172 other. Fonts ar\n+00015700: 650a 6c6f 6164 6564 2077 6974 6820 7468 e.loaded with th\n+00015710: 6520 226c 6f61 6466 6f6e 7422 2063 6f6d e \"loadfont\" com\n+00015720: 6d61 6e64 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2028 2a6e mand in GRUB (*n\n+00015730: 6f74 6520 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 3a3a 292e ote loadfont::).\n+00015740: 2020 546f 2073 6565 0a74 6865 206c 6973 To see.the lis\n+00015750: 7420 6f66 206c 6f61 6465 6420 666f 6e74 t of loaded font\n+00015760: 732c 2065 7865 6375 7465 2074 6865 2022 s, execute the \"\n+00015770: 6c73 666f 6e74 7322 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 lsfonts\" command\n+00015780: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 6c73 666f 6e74 733a (*note.lsfonts:\n+00015790: 3a29 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6572 6520 6172 :). If there ar\n+000157a0: 6520 746f 6f20 6d61 6e79 2066 6f6e 7473 e too many fonts\n+000157b0: 2074 6f20 6669 7420 6f6e 2073 6372 6565 to fit on scree\n+000157c0: 6e2c 2064 6f20 2273 6574 0a70 6167 6572 n, do \"set.pager\n+000157d0: 3d31 2220 6265 666f 7265 2065 7865 6375 =1\" before execu\n+000157e0: 7469 6e67 2022 6c73 666f 6e74 7322 2e0a ting \"lsfonts\"..\n+000157f0: 0a37 2e32 2e33 2050 726f 6772 6573 7320 .7.2.3 Progress \n+00015800: 4261 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d Bar.------------\n+00015810: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4669 6775 7265 2037 ------..Figure 7\n+00015820: 2e31 0a46 6967 7572 6520 372e 320a 5072 .1.Figure 7.2.Pr\n+00015830: 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 7320 6172 6520 ogress bars are \n+00015840: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 used to display \n+00015850: 7468 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 7469 the remaining ti\n+00015860: 6d65 2062 6566 6f72 6520 4752 5542 2062 me before GRUB b\n+00015870: 6f6f 7473 0a74 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 oots.the default\n+00015880: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 792e 2020 546f menu entry. To\n+00015890: 2063 7265 6174 6520 6120 7072 6f67 7265 create a progre\n+000158a0: 7373 2062 6172 2074 6861 7420 7769 6c6c ss bar that will\n+000158b0: 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 0a72 656d display the.rem\n+000158c0: 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 696d 6520 6265 666f aining time befo\n+000158d0: 7265 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 2062 6f6f re automatic boo\n+000158e0: 742c 2073 696d 706c 7920 6372 6561 7465 t, simply create\n+000158f0: 2061 2022 7072 6f67 7265 7373 5f62 6172 a \"progress_bar\n+00015900: 220a 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 7769 7468 \".component with\n+00015910: 2074 6865 2069 6420 225f 5f74 696d 656f the id \"__timeo\n+00015920: 7574 5f5f 222e 2020 5468 6973 2069 6e64 ut__\". This ind\n+00015930: 6963 6174 6573 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2074 icates to GRUB t\n+00015940: 6861 7420 7468 650a 7072 6f67 7265 7373 hat the.progress\n+00015950: 2062 6172 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2075 bar should be u\n+00015960: 7064 6174 6564 2061 7320 7469 6d65 2070 pdated as time p\n+00015970: 6173 7365 732c 2061 6e64 2069 7420 7368 asses, and it sh\n+00015980: 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6d61 6465 0a69 6e76 ould be made.inv\n+00015990: 6973 6962 6c65 2069 6620 7468 6520 636f isible if the co\n+000159a0: 756e 7464 6f77 6e20 746f 2061 7574 6f6d untdown to autom\n+000159b0: 6174 6963 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 2069 6e74 atic boot is int\n+000159c0: 6572 7275 7074 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 errupted by the \n+000159d0: 7573 6572 2e0a 0a20 2020 5072 6f67 7265 user... Progre\n+000159e0: 7373 2062 6172 7320 6d61 7920 6f70 7469 ss bars may opti\n+000159f0: 6f6e 616c 6c79 2068 6176 6520 7465 7874 onally have text\n+00015a00: 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 206f 6e20 7468 displayed on th\n+00015a10: 656d 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7465 7874 0a69 em. This text.i\n+00015a20: 7320 636f 6e74 726f 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 s controlled by \n+00015a30: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2022 7465 7874 2220 variable \"text\" \n+00015a40: 7768 6963 6820 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2061 which contains a\n+00015a50: 2070 7269 6e74 6620 7465 6d70 6c61 7465 printf template\n+00015a60: 2077 6974 680a 7468 6520 6f6e 6c79 2061 with.the only a\n+00015a70: 7267 756d 656e 7420 2564 2069 7320 7468 rgument %d is th\n+00015a80: 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7365 636f e number of seco\n+00015a90: 6e64 7320 7265 6d61 696e 696e 672e 2020 nds remaining. \n+00015aa0: 4164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 0a73 7065 Additionally.spe\n+00015ab0: 6369 616c 2076 616c 7565 7320 2240 5449 cial values \"@TI\n+00015ac0: 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 4341 5449 MEOUT_NOTIFICATI\n+00015ad0: 4f4e 5f53 484f 5254 4022 2c0a 2240 5449 ON_SHORT@\",.\"@TI\n+00015ae0: 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 4341 5449 MEOUT_NOTIFICATI\n+00015af0: 4f4e 5f4d 4944 444c 4540 222c 2022 4054 ON_MIDDLE@\", \"@T\n+00015b00: 494d 454f 5554 5f4e 4f54 4946 4943 4154 IMEOUT_NOTIFICAT\n+00015b10: 494f 4e5f 4c4f 4e47 4022 2061 7265 0a72 ION_LONG@\" are.r\n+00015b20: 6570 6c61 6365 6420 7769 7468 2073 7461 eplaced with sta\n+00015b30: 6e64 6172 6420 616e 6420 7472 616e 736c ndard and transl\n+00015b40: 6174 6564 2074 656d 706c 6174 6573 2e0a ated templates..\n+00015b50: 0a37 2e32 2e34 2043 6972 6375 6c61 7220 .7.2.4 Circular \n+00015b60: 5072 6f67 7265 7373 2049 6e64 6963 6174 Progress Indicat\n+00015b70: 6f72 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d or.-------------\n 00015b80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00015b90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 6369 --------..The ci\n-00015ba0: 7263 756c 6172 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 rcular progress \n-00015bb0: 696e 6469 6361 746f 7220 6675 6e63 7469 indicator functi\n-00015bc0: 6f6e 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 726c 7920 746f ons similarly to\n-00015bd0: 2074 6865 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 the progress ba\n-00015be0: 722e 0a57 6865 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 616e r..When given an\n-00015bf0: 2069 6420 6f66 2022 5f5f 7469 6d65 6f75 id of \"__timeou\n-00015c00: 745f 5f22 2c20 4752 5542 2075 7064 6174 t__\", GRUB updat\n-00015c10: 6573 2074 6865 2063 6972 6375 6c61 7220 es the circular \n-00015c20: 7072 6f67 7265 7373 0a69 6e64 6963 6174 progress.indicat\n-00015c30: 6f72 2773 2076 616c 7565 2074 6f20 696e or's value to in\n-00015c40: 6469 6361 7465 2074 6865 2074 696d 6520 dicate the time \n-00015c50: 7265 6d61 696e 696e 672e 2020 466f 7220 remaining. For \n-00015c60: 7468 6520 6369 7263 756c 6172 0a70 726f the circular.pro\n-00015c70: 6772 6573 7320 696e 6469 6361 746f 722c gress indicator,\n-00015c80: 2074 6865 7265 2061 7265 2074 776f 2069 there are two i\n-00015c90: 6d61 6765 7320 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7265 mages used to re\n-00015ca0: 6e64 6572 2069 743a 2074 6865 202a 6365 nder it: the *ce\n-00015cb0: 6e74 6572 2a0a 696d 6167 652c 2061 6e64 nter*.image, and\n-00015cc0: 2074 6865 202a 7469 636b 2a20 696d 6167 the *tick* imag\n-00015cd0: 652e 2020 5468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2069 e. The center i\n-00015ce0: 6d61 6765 2069 7320 7265 6e64 6572 6564 mage is rendered\n-00015cf0: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 0a6f in the center.o\n-00015d00: 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 742c f the component,\n-00015d10: 2077 6869 6c65 2074 6865 2074 6963 6b20 while the tick \n-00015d20: 696d 6167 6520 6973 2075 7365 6420 746f image is used to\n-00015d30: 2072 656e 6465 7220 6561 6368 206d 6172 render each mar\n-00015d40: 6b20 616c 6f6e 670a 7468 6520 6369 7263 k along.the circ\n-00015d50: 756d 6665 7265 6e63 6520 6f66 2074 6865 umference of the\n-00015d60: 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 2e0a 0a37 2e32 indicator...7.2\n-00015d70: 2e35 204c 6162 656c 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .5 Labels.------\n-00015d80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5465 7874 206c 6162 ------..Text lab\n-00015d90: 656c 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2070 6c61 6365 els can be place\n-00015da0: 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7363 d on the boot sc\n-00015db0: 7265 656e 2e20 2054 6865 2066 6f6e 742c reen. The font,\n-00015dc0: 2063 6f6c 6f72 2c20 616e 640a 686f 7269 color, and.hori\n-00015dd0: 7a6f 6e74 616c 2061 6c69 676e 6d65 6e74 zontal alignment\n-00015de0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 can be specifie\n-00015df0: 6420 666f 7220 6c61 6265 6c73 2e20 2049 d for labels. I\n-00015e00: 6620 6120 6c61 6265 6c20 6973 2067 6976 f a label is giv\n-00015e10: 656e 0a74 6865 2069 6420 225f 5f74 696d en.the id \"__tim\n-00015e20: 656f 7574 5f5f 222c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 eout__\", then th\n-00015e30: 6520 2274 6578 7422 2070 726f 7065 7274 e \"text\" propert\n-00015e40: 7920 666f 7220 7468 6174 206c 6162 656c y for that label\n-00015e50: 2069 7320 616c 736f 0a75 7064 6174 6564 is also.updated\n-00015e60: 2077 6974 6820 6120 6d65 7373 6167 6520 with a message \n-00015e70: 696e 666f 726d 696e 6720 7468 6520 7573 informing the us\n-00015e80: 6572 206f 6620 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 er of the number\n-00015e90: 206f 6620 7365 636f 6e64 730a 7265 6d61 of seconds.rema\n-00015ea0: 696e 696e 6720 756e 7469 6c20 6175 746f ining until auto\n-00015eb0: 6d61 7469 6320 626f 6f74 2e20 2054 6869 matic boot. Thi\n-00015ec0: 7320 6973 2075 7365 6675 6c20 696e 2063 s is useful in c\n-00015ed0: 6173 6520 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6865 ase you want the\n-00015ee0: 0a74 6578 7420 6469 7370 6c61 7965 6420 .text displayed \n-00015ef0: 736f 6d65 7768 6572 6520 656c 7365 2069 somewhere else i\n-00015f00: 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 6469 7265 6374 nstead of direct\n-00015f10: 6c79 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7072 6f67 7265 ly on the progre\n-00015f20: 7373 2062 6172 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e36 2042 ss bar...7.2.6 B\n-00015f30: 6f6f 7420 4d65 6e75 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d oot Menu.-------\n-00015f40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 626f --------..The bo\n-00015f50: 6f74 206d 656e 7520 7768 6572 6520 4752 ot menu where GR\n-00015f60: 5542 2064 6973 706c 6179 7320 7468 6520 UB displays the \n-00015f70: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2066 726f menu entries fro\n-00015f80: 6d20 7468 6520 2267 7275 622e 6366 6722 m the \"grub.cfg\"\n-00015f90: 0a66 696c 652e 2020 4974 2069 7320 6120 .file. It is a \n-00015fa0: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6974 656d 732c 2077 list of items, w\n-00015fb0: 6865 7265 2065 6163 6820 6974 656d 2068 here each item h\n-00015fc0: 6173 2061 2074 6974 6c65 2061 6e64 2061 as a title and a\n-00015fd0: 6e0a 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2069 636f 6e2e n.optional icon.\n-00015fe0: 2020 5468 6520 6963 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 The icon is se\n-00015ff0: 6c65 6374 6564 2062 6173 6564 206f 6e20 lected based on \n-00016000: 7468 6520 2a63 6c61 7373 6573 2a20 7370 the *classes* sp\n-00016010: 6563 6966 6965 640a 666f 7220 7468 6520 ecified.for the \n-00016020: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 2049 6620 menu entry. If \n-00016030: 7468 6572 6520 6973 2061 2050 4e47 2066 there is a PNG f\n-00016040: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 226d 7963 6c61 ile named \"mycla\n-00016050: 7373 2e70 6e67 2220 696e 2074 6865 0a22 ss.png\" in the.\"\n-00016060: 6772 7562 2f74 6865 6d65 732f 6963 6f6e grub/themes/icon\n-00016070: 7322 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2c20 6974 s\" directory, it\n-00016080: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 6973 706c 6179 will be display\n-00016090: 6564 2066 6f72 2069 7465 6d73 2077 6869 ed for items whi\n-000160a0: 6368 2068 6176 650a 7468 6520 636c 6173 ch have.the clas\n-000160b0: 7320 2a6d 7963 6c61 7373 2a2e 2020 5468 s *myclass*. Th\n-000160c0: 6520 626f 6f74 206d 656e 7520 6361 6e20 e boot menu can \n-000160d0: 6265 2063 7573 746f 6d69 7a65 6420 696e be customized in\n-000160e0: 2073 6576 6572 616c 2077 6179 732c 0a73 several ways,.s\n-000160f0: 7563 6820 6173 2074 6865 2066 6f6e 7420 uch as the font \n-00016100: 616e 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 7573 6564 2066 and color used f\n-00016110: 6f72 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 or the menu entr\n-00016120: 7920 7469 746c 652c 2061 6e64 2062 790a y title, and by.\n-00016130: 7370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2073 7479 6c65 specifying style\n-00016140: 6420 626f 7865 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 d boxes for the \n-00016150: 6d65 6e75 2069 7473 656c 6620 616e 6420 menu itself and \n-00016160: 666f 7220 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 for the selected\n-00016170: 2069 7465 6d0a 6869 6768 6c69 6768 742e item.highlight.\n-00016180: 0a0a 372e 322e 3720 5374 796c 6564 2042 ..7.2.7 Styled B\n-00016190: 6f78 6573 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d oxes.-----------\n-000161a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a4f 6e65 206f 6620 -------..One of \n-000161b0: 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 the most importa\n-000161c0: 6e74 2066 6561 7475 7265 7320 666f 7220 nt features for \n-000161d0: 6375 7374 6f6d 697a 696e 6720 7468 6520 customizing the \n-000161e0: 6c61 796f 7574 2069 7320 7468 6520 7573 layout is the us\n-000161f0: 650a 6f66 202a 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 e.of *styled box\n-00016200: 6573 2a2e 2020 4120 7374 796c 6564 2062 es*. 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The cor\n-000164c0: 6e65 7220 736c 6963 6573 2028 6e6f 7274 ner slices (nort\n-000164d0: 6877 6573 742c 206e 6f72 7468 6561 7374 hwest, northeast\n-000164e0: 2c20 736f 7574 6865 6173 742c 2061 6e64 , southeast, and\n-000164f0: 2073 6f75 7468 7765 7374 290a 2020 2020 southwest). \n-00016500: 2061 7265 206e 6f74 2073 6361 6c65 642e are not scaled.\n-00016510: 0a20 2033 2e20 5468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 . 3. The center\n-00016520: 2073 6c69 6365 2069 7320 7363 616c 6564 slice is scaled\n-00016530: 2074 6f20 6669 6c6c 2074 6865 2072 656d to fill the rem\n-00016540: 6169 6e69 6e67 2073 7061 6365 2069 6e20 aining space in \n-00016550: 7468 650a 2020 2020 206d 6964 646c 652e the. middle.\n-00016560: 0a0a 2020 2041 7320 616e 2065 7861 6d70 .. 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For the \n+00015c60: 6369 7263 756c 6172 0a70 726f 6772 6573 circular.progres\n+00015c70: 7320 696e 6469 6361 746f 722c 2074 6865 s indicator, the\n+00015c80: 7265 2061 7265 2074 776f 2069 6d61 6765 re are two image\n+00015c90: 7320 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7265 6e64 6572 s used to render\n+00015ca0: 2069 743a 2074 6865 202a 6365 6e74 6572 it: the *center\n+00015cb0: 2a0a 696d 6167 652c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 *.image, and the\n+00015cc0: 202a 7469 636b 2a20 696d 6167 652e 2020 *tick* image. \n+00015cd0: 5468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2069 6d61 6765 The center image\n+00015ce0: 2069 7320 7265 6e64 6572 6564 2069 6e20 is rendered in \n+00015cf0: 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 0a6f 6620 7468 the center.of th\n+00015d00: 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 742c 2077 6869 e component, whi\n+00015d10: 6c65 2074 6865 2074 6963 6b20 696d 6167 le the tick imag\n+00015d20: 6520 6973 2075 7365 6420 746f 2072 656e e is used to ren\n+00015d30: 6465 7220 6561 6368 206d 6172 6b20 616c der each mark al\n+00015d40: 6f6e 670a 7468 6520 6369 7263 756d 6665 ong.the circumfe\n+00015d50: 7265 6e63 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2069 6e64 rence of the ind\n+00015d60: 6963 6174 6f72 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e35 204c icator...7.2.5 L\n+00015d70: 6162 656c 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d abels.----------\n+00015d80: 2d2d 0a0a 5465 7874 206c 6162 656c 7320 --..Text labels \n+00015d90: 6361 6e20 6265 2070 6c61 6365 6420 6f6e can be placed on\n+00015da0: 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7363 7265 656e the boot screen\n+00015db0: 2e20 2054 6865 2066 6f6e 742c 2063 6f6c . 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This is\n+00015ec0: 2075 7365 6675 6c20 696e 2063 6173 6520 useful in case \n+00015ed0: 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6865 0a74 6578 you want the.tex\n+00015ee0: 7420 6469 7370 6c61 7965 6420 736f 6d65 t displayed some\n+00015ef0: 7768 6572 6520 656c 7365 2069 6e73 7465 where else inste\n+00015f00: 6164 206f 6620 6469 7265 6374 6c79 206f ad of directly o\n+00015f10: 6e20 7468 6520 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 n the progress b\n+00015f20: 6172 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e36 2042 6f6f 7420 ar...7.2.6 Boot \n+00015f30: 4d65 6e75 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d Menu.-----------\n+00015f40: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 626f 6f74 206d ----..The boot m\n+00015f50: 656e 7520 7768 6572 6520 4752 5542 2064 enu where GRUB d\n+00015f60: 6973 706c 6179 7320 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 isplays the menu\n+00015f70: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7468 entries from th\n+00015f80: 6520 2267 7275 622e 6366 6722 0a66 696c e \"grub.cfg\".fil\n+00015f90: 652e 2020 4974 2069 7320 6120 6c69 7374 e. It is a list\n+00015fa0: 206f 6620 6974 656d 732c 2077 6865 7265 of items, where\n+00015fb0: 2065 6163 6820 6974 656d 2068 6173 2061 each item has a\n+00015fc0: 2074 6974 6c65 2061 6e64 2061 6e0a 6f70 title and an.op\n+00015fd0: 7469 6f6e 616c 2069 636f 6e2e 2020 5468 tional icon. Th\n+00015fe0: 6520 6963 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 6c65 6374 e icon is select\n+00015ff0: 6564 2062 6173 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 ed based on the \n+00016000: 2a63 6c61 7373 6573 2a20 7370 6563 6966 *classes* specif\n+00016010: 6965 640a 666f 7220 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 ied.for the menu\n+00016020: 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6572 entry. If ther\n+00016030: 6520 6973 2061 2050 4e47 2066 696c 6520 e is a PNG file \n+00016040: 6e61 6d65 6420 226d 7963 6c61 7373 2e70 named \"myclass.p\n+00016050: 6e67 2220 696e 2074 6865 0a22 6772 7562 ng\" in the.\"grub\n+00016060: 2f74 6865 6d65 732f 6963 6f6e 7322 2064 /themes/icons\" d\n+00016070: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2c20 6974 2077 696c irectory, it wil\n+00016080: 6c20 6265 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 2066 l be displayed f\n+00016090: 6f72 2069 7465 6d73 2077 6869 6368 2068 or items which h\n+000160a0: 6176 650a 7468 6520 636c 6173 7320 2a6d ave.the class *m\n+000160b0: 7963 6c61 7373 2a2e 2020 5468 6520 626f yclass*. The bo\n+000160c0: 6f74 206d 656e 7520 6361 6e20 6265 2063 ot menu can be c\n+000160d0: 7573 746f 6d69 7a65 6420 696e 2073 6576 ustomized in sev\n+000160e0: 6572 616c 2077 6179 732c 0a73 7563 6820 eral ways,.such \n+000160f0: 6173 2074 6865 2066 6f6e 7420 616e 6420 as the font and \n+00016100: 636f 6c6f 7220 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2074 color used for t\n+00016110: 6865 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 7469 he menu entry ti\n+00016120: 746c 652c 2061 6e64 2062 790a 7370 6563 tle, and by.spec\n+00016130: 6966 7969 6e67 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f ifying styled bo\n+00016140: 7865 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 xes for the menu\n+00016150: 2069 7473 656c 6620 616e 6420 666f 7220 itself and for \n+00016160: 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2069 7465 the selected ite\n+00016170: 6d0a 6869 6768 6c69 6768 742e 0a0a 372e m.highlight...7.\n+00016180: 322e 3720 5374 796c 6564 2042 6f78 6573 2.7 Styled Boxes\n+00016190: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+000161a0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a4f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6520 ---..One of the \n+000161b0: 6d6f 7374 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 2066 most important f\n+000161c0: 6561 7475 7265 7320 666f 7220 6375 7374 eatures for cust\n+000161d0: 6f6d 697a 696e 6720 7468 6520 6c61 796f omizing the layo\n+000161e0: 7574 2069 7320 7468 6520 7573 650a 6f66 ut is the use.of\n+000161f0: 202a 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 6573 2a2e *styled boxes*.\n+00016200: 2020 4120 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2069 A styled box i\n+00016210: 7320 636f 6d70 6f73 6564 206f 6620 3920 s composed of 9 \n+00016220: 7265 6374 616e 6775 6c61 7220 2861 6e64 rectangular (and\n+00016230: 0a70 6f74 656e 7469 616c 6c79 2065 6d70 .potentially emp\n+00016240: 7479 2920 7265 6769 6f6e 732c 2077 6869 ty) regions, whi\n+00016250: 6368 2061 7265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 ch are used to s\n+00016260: 6561 6d6c 6573 736c 7920 6472 6177 2074 eamlessly draw t\n+00016270: 6865 2073 7479 6c65 640a 626f 7820 6f6e he styled.box on\n+00016280: 2073 6372 6565 6e3a 0a0a 4e6f 7274 6877 screen:..Northw\n+00016290: 6573 7420 286e 7729 2020 2020 2020 2020 est (nw) \n+000162a0: 204e 6f72 7468 2028 6e29 2020 2020 2020 North (n) \n+000162b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e6f 7274 6865 6173 Northeas\n+000162c0: 7420 286e 6529 0a57 6573 7420 2877 2920 t (ne).West (w) \n+000162d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4365 Ce\n+000162e0: 6e74 6572 2028 6329 2020 2020 2020 2020 nter (c) \n+000162f0: 2020 2020 2045 6173 7420 2865 290a 536f East (e).So\n+00016300: 7574 6877 6573 7420 2873 7729 2020 2020 uthwest (sw) \n+00016310: 2020 2020 2053 6f75 7468 2028 7329 2020 South (s) \n+00016320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 536f 7574 Sout\n+00016330: 6865 6173 7420 2873 6529 0a0a 2020 2054 heast (se).. T\n+00016340: 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 616e 7920 7369 o support any si\n+00016350: 7a65 206f 6620 626f 7820 6f6e 2073 6372 ze of box on scr\n+00016360: 6565 6e2c 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 een, the center \n+00016370: 736c 6963 6520 616e 6420 7468 6520 736c slice and the sl\n+00016380: 6963 6573 0a66 6f72 2074 6865 2074 6f70 ices.for the top\n+00016390: 2c20 626f 7474 6f6d 2c20 616e 6420 7369 , bottom, and si\n+000163a0: 6465 7320 6172 6520 616c 6c20 7363 616c des are all scal\n+000163b0: 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 636f 7272 6563 ed to the correc\n+000163c0: 7420 7369 7a65 2066 6f72 0a74 6865 2063 t size for.the c\n+000163d0: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 206f 6e20 7363 7265 omponent on scre\n+000163e0: 656e 2c20 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 666f en, using the fo\n+000163f0: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7275 6c65 733a 0a0a llowing rules:..\n+00016400: 2020 312e 2054 6865 2065 6467 6520 736c 1. The edge sl\n+00016410: 6963 6573 2028 6e6f 7274 682c 2073 6f75 ices (north, sou\n+00016420: 7468 2c20 6561 7374 2c20 616e 6420 7765 th, east, and we\n+00016430: 7374 2920 6172 6520 7363 616c 6564 2069 st) are scaled i\n+00016440: 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2064 6972 6563 n the. direc\n+00016450: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 6564 6765 tion of the edge\n+00016460: 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 6164 6a61 6365 they are adjace\n+00016470: 6e74 2074 6f2e 2020 466f 7220 696e 7374 nt to. For inst\n+00016480: 616e 6365 2c20 7468 6520 7765 7374 0a20 ance, the west. \n+00016490: 2020 2020 736c 6963 6520 6973 2073 6361 slice is sca\n+000164a0: 6c65 6420 7665 7274 6963 616c 6c79 2e0a led vertically..\n+000164b0: 2020 322e 2054 6865 2063 6f72 6e65 7220 2. The corner \n+000164c0: 736c 6963 6573 2028 6e6f 7274 6877 6573 slices (northwes\n+000164d0: 742c 206e 6f72 7468 6561 7374 2c20 736f t, northeast, so\n+000164e0: 7574 6865 6173 742c 2061 6e64 2073 6f75 utheast, and sou\n+000164f0: 7468 7765 7374 290a 2020 2020 2061 7265 thwest). are\n+00016500: 206e 6f74 2073 6361 6c65 642e 0a20 2033 not scaled.. 3\n+00016510: 2e20 5468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 . The center sli\n+00016520: 6365 2069 7320 7363 616c 6564 2074 6f20 ce is scaled to \n+00016530: 6669 6c6c 2074 6865 2072 656d 6169 6e69 fill the remaini\n+00016540: 6e67 2073 7061 6365 2069 6e20 7468 650a ng space in the.\n+00016550: 2020 2020 206d 6964 646c 652e 0a0a 2020 middle... \n+00016560: 2041 7320 616e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 206f As an example o\n+00016570: 6620 686f 7720 616e 2069 6d61 6765 206d f how an image m\n+00016580: 6967 6874 2062 6520 736c 6963 6564 2075 ight be sliced u\n+00016590: 702c 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 7220 7468 6520 p, consider the \n+000165a0: 7374 796c 6564 0a62 6f78 2075 7365 6420 styled.box used \n+000165b0: 666f 7220 6120 7465 726d 696e 616c 2076 for a terminal v\n+000165c0: 6965 772e 0a0a 4669 6775 7265 2037 2e33 iew...Figure 7.3\n+000165d0: 0a37 2e32 2e38 2043 7265 6174 696e 6720 .7.2.8 Creating \n+000165e0: 5374 796c 6564 2042 6f78 2049 6d61 6765 Styled Box Image\n+000165f0: 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d s.--------------\n 00016600: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00016610: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 496e 6b73 ------..The Inks\n-00016620: 6361 7065 5f20 7363 616c 6162 6c65 2076 cape_ scalable v\n-00016630: 6563 746f 7220 6772 6170 6869 6373 2065 ector graphics e\n-00016640: 6469 746f 7220 6973 2061 2076 6572 7920 ditor is a very \n-00016650: 7573 6566 756c 2074 6f6f 6c20 666f 720a useful tool for.\n-00016660: 6372 6561 7469 6e67 2073 7479 6c65 6420 creating styled \n-00016670: 626f 7820 696d 6167 6573 2e20 204f 6e65 box images. One\n-00016680: 2070 726f 6365 7373 2074 6861 7420 776f process that wo\n-00016690: 726b 7320 7765 6c6c 2066 6f72 2073 6c69 rks well for sli\n-000166a0: 6369 6e67 2061 0a64 7261 7769 6e67 2069 cing a.drawing i\n-000166b0: 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 6e65 6365 7373 6172 nto the necessar\n-000166c0: 7920 696d 6167 6520 736c 6963 6573 2069 y image slices i\n-000166d0: 733a 0a0a 2020 312e 2043 7265 6174 6520 s:.. 1. Create \n-000166e0: 6f72 206f 7065 6e20 7468 6520 6472 6177 or open the draw\n-000166f0: 696e 6720 796f 7527 6420 6c69 6b65 2075 ing you'd like u\n-00016700: 7365 2e0a 2020 322e 2043 7265 6174 6520 se.. 2. Create \n-00016710: 6120 6e65 7720 6c61 7965 7220 6f6e 2074 a new layer on t\n-00016720: 6865 2074 6f70 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c61 he top of the la\n-00016730: 7965 7220 7374 6163 6b2e 2020 4d61 6b65 yer stack. 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Left fo\n-000171a0: 7220 6261 636b 7761 7264 0a20 2020 2020 r backward. \n-000171b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000171c0: 2020 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c 6974 792e compatibility.\n-000171d0: 0a6d 6573 7361 6765 2d63 6f6c 6f72 2020 .message-color \n-000171e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c Currentl\n-000171f0: 7920 756e 7573 6564 2e20 204c 6566 7420 y unused. Left \n-00017200: 666f 7220 6261 636b 7761 7264 0a20 2020 for backward. \n+00016610: 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 496e 6b73 6361 7065 --..The Inkscape\n+00016620: 5f20 7363 616c 6162 6c65 2076 6563 746f _ scalable vecto\n+00016630: 7220 6772 6170 6869 6373 2065 6469 746f r graphics edito\n+00016640: 7220 6973 2061 2076 6572 7920 7573 6566 r is a very usef\n+00016650: 756c 2074 6f6f 6c20 666f 720a 6372 6561 ul tool for.crea\n+00016660: 7469 6e67 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f 7820 ting styled box \n+00016670: 696d 6167 6573 2e20 204f 6e65 2070 726f images. One pro\n+00016680: 6365 7373 2074 6861 7420 776f 726b 7320 cess that works \n+00016690: 7765 6c6c 2066 6f72 2073 6c69 6369 6e67 well for slicing\n+000166a0: 2061 0a64 7261 7769 6e67 2069 6e74 6f20 a.drawing into \n+000166b0: 7468 6520 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 696d the necessary im\n+000166c0: 6167 6520 736c 6963 6573 2069 733a 0a0a age slices is:..\n+000166d0: 2020 312e 2043 7265 6174 6520 6f72 206f 1. Create or o\n+000166e0: 7065 6e20 7468 6520 6472 6177 696e 6720 pen the drawing \n+000166f0: 796f 7527 6420 6c69 6b65 2075 7365 2e0a you'd like use..\n+00016700: 2020 322e 2043 7265 6174 6520 6120 6e65 2. Create a ne\n+00016710: 7720 6c61 7965 7220 6f6e 2074 6865 2074 w layer on the t\n+00016720: 6f70 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c61 7965 7220 op of the layer \n+00016730: 7374 6163 6b2e 2020 4d61 6b65 2069 7420 stack. Make it \n+00016740: 7669 7369 626c 652e 0a20 2020 2020 5365 visible.. Se\n+00016750: 6c65 6374 2074 6869 7320 6c61 7965 7220 lect this layer \n+00016760: 6173 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 206c as the current l\n+00016770: 6179 6572 2e0a 2020 332e 2044 7261 7720 ayer.. 3. Draw \n+00016780: 3920 7265 6374 616e 676c 6573 206f 6e20 9 rectangles on \n+00016790: 796f 7572 2064 7261 7769 6e67 2077 6865 your drawing whe\n+000167a0: 7265 2079 6f75 2764 206c 696b 6520 7468 re you'd like th\n+000167b0: 6520 736c 6963 6573 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 e slices to. \n+000167c0: 2062 652e 2020 436c 6561 7220 7468 6520 be. Clear the \n+000167d0: 6669 6c6c 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2061 6e64 fill option, and\n+000167e0: 2073 6574 2074 6865 2073 7472 6f6b 6520 set the stroke \n+000167f0: 746f 2031 2070 6978 656c 2077 6964 650a to 1 pixel wide.\n+00016800: 2020 2020 2073 6f6c 6964 2073 7472 6f6b solid strok\n+00016810: 652e 2020 5468 6520 636f 726e 6572 7320 e. The corners \n+00016820: 6f66 2074 6865 2073 6c69 6365 7320 6d75 of the slices mu\n+00016830: 7374 206d 6565 7420 7072 6563 6973 656c st meet precisel\n+00016840: 793b 2069 6620 6974 0a20 2020 2020 6973 y; if it. is\n+00016850: 206f 6666 2062 7920 6120 7369 6e67 6c65 off by a single\n+00016860: 2070 6978 656c 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 pixel, it will \n+00016870: 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 2062 6520 6576 6964 probably be evid\n+00016880: 656e 7420 7768 656e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 ent when the. \n+00016890: 2020 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2069 7320 styled box is \n+000168a0: 7265 6e64 6572 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 rendered in the \n+000168b0: 4752 5542 206d 656e 752e 2020 596f 7520 GRUB menu. You \n+000168c0: 7368 6f75 6c64 2070 726f 6261 626c 7920 should probably \n+000168d0: 676f 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2046 696c 6520 go to. 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Change the \"\n+00016a30: 4964 2220 746f 2022 736c 6963 655f 6322 Id\" to \"slice_c\"\n+00016a40: 2061 6e64 2063 6c69 636b 2053 6574 2e20 and click Set. \n+00016a50: 2052 6570 6561 740a 2020 2020 2074 6869 Repeat. thi\n+00016a60: 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 7265 6d61 696e s for the remain\n+00016a70: 696e 6720 3820 7265 6374 616e 676c 6573 ing 8 rectangles\n+00016a80: 2c20 6769 7669 6e67 2074 6865 6d20 4964 , giving them Id\n+00016a90: 2076 616c 7565 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 values of. \n+00016aa0: 2273 6c69 6365 5f6e 222c 2022 736c 6963 \"slice_n\", \"slic\n+00016ab0: 655f 6e65 222c 2022 736c 6963 655f 6522 e_ne\", \"slice_e\"\n+00016ac0: 2c20 616e 6420 736f 206f 6e20 6163 636f , and so on acco\n+00016ad0: 7264 696e 6720 746f 2074 6865 0a20 2020 rding to the. \n+00016ae0: 2020 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 352e location.. 5.\n+00016af0: 2053 6176 6520 7468 6520 6472 6177 696e Save the drawin\n+00016b00: 672e 0a20 2036 2e20 5365 6c65 6374 2061 g.. 6. 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Cl\n+00016bd0: 6963 6b20 7468 6520 6c61 7965 7220 6869 ick the layer hi\n+00016be0: 6465 2069 636f 6e20 666f 7220 7468 6520 de icon for the \n+00016bf0: 736c 6963 6520 6c61 7965 7220 696e 2074 slice layer in t\n+00016c00: 6865 206c 6179 6572 2070 616c 6574 7465 he layer palette\n+00016c10: 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2072 6563 7461 .. The recta\n+00016c20: 6e67 6c65 7320 7769 6c6c 2072 656d 6169 ngles will remai\n+00016c30: 6e20 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2c20 6576 656e n selected, even\n+00016c40: 2074 686f 7567 6820 7468 6579 2061 7265 though they are\n+00016c50: 2068 6964 6465 6e2e 0a20 2038 2e20 4368 hidden.. 8. 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In this ex\n+00016fe0: 616d 706c 652c 206e 616d 6533 2069 7320 ample, name3 is \n+00016ff0: 6173 7369 676e 6564 2061 2063 6f6c 6f72 assigned a color\n+00017000: 2076 616c 7565 2e0a 0a37 2e33 2e33 2047 value...7.3.3 G\n+00017010: 6c6f 6261 6c20 5072 6f70 6572 7479 204c lobal Property L\n+00017020: 6973 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ist.------------\n+00017030: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00017040: 7469 746c 652d 7465 7874 2020 2020 2020 title-text \n+00017050: 2020 2020 2020 2053 7065 6369 6669 6573 Specifies\n+00017060: 2074 6865 2074 6578 7420 746f 2064 6973 the text to dis\n+00017070: 706c 6179 2061 7420 7468 6520 746f 700a play at the top.\n+00017080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017090: 2020 2020 2020 2063 656e 7465 7220 6f66 center of\n+000170a0: 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e20 6173 2061 the screen as a\n+000170b0: 2074 6974 6c65 2e0a 7469 746c 652d 666f title..title-fo\n+000170c0: 6e74 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 nt D\n+000170d0: 6566 696e 6573 2074 6865 2066 6f6e 7420 efines the font \n+000170e0: 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2074 6974 used for the tit\n+000170f0: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 le. \n+00017100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d65 7373 6167 messag\n+00017110: 6520 6174 2074 6865 2074 6f70 206f 6620 e at the top of \n+00017120: 7468 6520 7363 7265 656e 2e0a 7469 746c the screen..titl\n+00017130: 652d 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 e-color \n+00017140: 2020 2044 6566 696e 6573 2074 6865 2063 Defines the c\n+00017150: 6f6c 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6520 7469 746c olor of the titl\n+00017160: 6520 6d65 7373 6167 652e 0a6d 6573 7361 e message..messa\n+00017170: 6765 2d66 6f6e 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 ge-font \n+00017180: 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 756e 7573 Currently unus\n+00017190: 6564 2e20 204c 6566 7420 666f 7220 6261 ed. Left for ba\n+000171a0: 636b 7761 7264 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ckward. \n+000171b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f co\n+000171c0: 6d70 6174 6962 696c 6974 792e 0a6d 6573 mpatibility..mes\n+000171d0: 7361 6765 2d63 6f6c 6f72 2020 2020 2020 sage-color \n+000171e0: 2020 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 756e Currently un\n+000171f0: 7573 6564 2e20 204c 6566 7420 666f 7220 used. Left for \n+00017200: 6261 636b 7761 7264 0a20 2020 2020 2020 backward. \n 00017210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017220: 2020 2020 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c 6974 compatibilit\n-00017230: 792e 0a6d 6573 7361 6765 2d62 672d 636f y..message-bg-co\n-00017240: 6c6f 7220 2020 2020 2020 4375 7272 656e lor Curren\n-00017250: 746c 7920 756e 7573 6564 2e20 204c 6566 tly unused. Lef\n-00017260: 7420 666f 7220 6261 636b 7761 7264 0a20 t for backward. \n+00017220: 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c 6974 792e 0a6d compatibility..m\n+00017230: 6573 7361 6765 2d62 672d 636f 6c6f 7220 essage-bg-color \n+00017240: 2020 2020 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 Currently \n+00017250: 756e 7573 6564 2e20 204c 6566 7420 666f unused. Left fo\n+00017260: 7220 6261 636b 7761 7264 0a20 2020 2020 r backward. \n 00017270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017280: 2020 2020 2020 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c compatibil\n-00017290: 6974 792e 0a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 ity..desktop-ima\n-000172a0: 6765 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5370 6563 ge Spec\n-000172b0: 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 ifies the image \n-000172c0: 746f 2075 7365 2061 7320 7468 650a 2020 to use as the. \n+00017280: 2020 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c 6974 792e compatibility.\n+00017290: 0a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2020 .desktop-image \n+000172a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 Specifie\n+000172b0: 7320 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 746f 2075 s the image to u\n+000172c0: 7365 2061 7320 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 se as the. \n 000172d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000172e0: 2020 2020 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 642e background.\n-000172f0: 2020 4974 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 6361 It will be sca\n-00017300: 6c65 6420 746f 2066 6974 2074 6865 0a20 led to fit the. \n+000172e0: 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 642e 2020 4974 background. It\n+000172f0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 6361 6c65 6420 will be scaled \n+00017300: 746f 2066 6974 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 to fit the. \n 00017310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017320: 2020 2020 2020 7363 7265 656e 2073 697a screen siz\n-00017330: 6520 6f72 2070 726f 706f 7274 696f 6e61 e or proportiona\n-00017340: 6c6c 7920 7363 616c 6564 0a20 2020 2020 lly scaled. \n-00017350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017360: 2020 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2074 depending on t\n-00017370: 6865 2073 6361 6c65 206d 6574 686f 642e he scale method.\n-00017380: 0a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2d73 .desktop-image-s\n-00017390: 6361 6c65 2d6d 6574 686f 6453 7065 6369 cale-methodSpeci\n-000173a0: 6669 6573 2074 6865 2073 6361 6c69 6e67 fies the scaling\n-000173b0: 206d 6574 686f 6420 666f 7220 7468 650a method for the.\n+00017320: 2020 7363 7265 656e 2073 697a 6520 6f72 screen size or\n+00017330: 2070 726f 706f 7274 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 proportionally \n+00017340: 7363 616c 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 scaled. \n+00017350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 de\n+00017360: 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 pending on the s\n+00017370: 6361 6c65 206d 6574 686f 642e 0a64 6573 cale method..des\n+00017380: 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2d73 6361 6c65 ktop-image-scale\n+00017390: 2d6d 6574 686f 6453 7065 6369 6669 6573 -methodSpecifies\n+000173a0: 2074 6865 2073 6361 6c69 6e67 206d 6574 the scaling met\n+000173b0: 686f 6420 666f 7220 7468 650a 2020 2020 hod for the. \n 000173c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000173d0: 2020 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d *desktop-\n-000173e0: 696d 6167 652a 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e73 image*. Options\n-000173f0: 2061 7265 2022 7374 7265 7463 6822 2c0a are \"stretch\",.\n+000173d0: 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 *desktop-imag\n+000173e0: 652a 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 e*. Options are\n+000173f0: 2022 7374 7265 7463 6822 2c0a 2020 2020 \"stretch\",. \n 00017400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017410: 2020 2020 2020 2022 6372 6f70 222c 2022 \"crop\", \"\n-00017420: 7061 6464 696e 6722 2c20 2266 6974 7769 padding\", \"fitwi\n-00017430: 6474 6822 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dth\",. \n-00017440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6669 \"fi\n-00017450: 7468 6569 6768 7422 2e20 2022 7374 7265 theight\". \"stre\n-00017460: 7463 6822 2066 6f72 2066 6974 7469 6e67 tch\" for fitting\n-00017470: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n-00017480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 7265 scre\n-00017490: 656e 2073 697a 652e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 en size. Otherw\n-000174a0: 6973 6520 6974 2069 730a 2020 2020 2020 ise it is. \n-000174b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000174c0: 2070 726f 706f 7274 696f 6e61 6c20 7363 proportional sc\n-000174d0: 616c 696e 6720 6f66 2061 2070 6172 7420 aling of a part \n-000174e0: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 of. \n-000174f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2a64 6573 6b74 *deskt\n-00017500: 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2a20 746f 2074 6865 op-image* to the\n-00017510: 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 part of the. \n+00017410: 2020 2022 6372 6f70 222c 2022 7061 6464 \"crop\", \"padd\n+00017420: 696e 6722 2c20 2266 6974 7769 6474 6822 ing\", \"fitwidth\"\n+00017430: 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ,. \n+00017440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6669 7468 6569 \"fithei\n+00017450: 6768 7422 2e20 2022 7374 7265 7463 6822 ght\". \"stretch\"\n+00017460: 2066 6f72 2066 6974 7469 6e67 2074 6865 for fitting the\n+00017470: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00017480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 7265 656e 2073 screen s\n+00017490: 697a 652e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 ize. Otherwise \n+000174a0: 6974 2069 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 it is. \n+000174b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 726f pro\n+000174c0: 706f 7274 696f 6e61 6c20 7363 616c 696e portional scalin\n+000174d0: 6720 6f66 2061 2070 6172 7420 6f66 0a20 g of a part of. \n+000174e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000174f0: 2020 2020 2020 2a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 *desktop-i\n+00017500: 6d61 6765 2a20 746f 2074 6865 2070 6172 mage* to the par\n+00017510: 7420 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 t of the. \n 00017520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017530: 2020 2020 7363 7265 656e 2e20 2022 6372 screen. \"cr\n-00017540: 6f70 2220 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 650a op\" part of the.\n+00017530: 7363 7265 656e 2e20 2022 6372 6f70 2220 screen. \"crop\" \n+00017540: 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 part of the. \n 00017550: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017560: 2020 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d *desktop-\n-00017570: 696d 6167 652a 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2070 image* will be p\n-00017580: 726f 706f 7274 696f 6e61 6c6c 790a 2020 roportionally. \n+00017560: 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 *desktop-imag\n+00017570: 652a 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2070 726f 706f e* will be propo\n+00017580: 7274 696f 6e61 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2020 rtionally. \n 00017590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000175a0: 2020 2020 2073 6361 6c65 6420 746f 2066 scaled to f\n-000175b0: 6974 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e20 7369 it the screen si\n-000175c0: 7a65 732e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 zes.. \n-000175d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2270 6164 \"pad\n-000175e0: 6469 6e67 2220 7468 6520 656e 7469 7265 ding\" the entire\n-000175f0: 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 652a *desktop-image*\n-00017600: 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 will. \n-00017610: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6520 be \n-00017620: 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 contained on the\n-00017630: 2073 6372 6565 6e2e 2020 2266 6974 7769 screen. \"fitwi\n-00017640: 6474 6822 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dth\". \n-00017650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 666f 7220 for \n-00017660: 6669 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 2a64 6573 fitting the *des\n-00017670: 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2a27 7320 7769 ktop-image*'s wi\n-00017680: 6474 680a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dth. \n-00017690: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 with \n-000176a0: 7363 7265 656e 2077 6964 7468 2e20 2022 screen width. \"\n-000176b0: 6669 7468 6569 6768 7422 2066 6f72 0a20 fitheight\" for. \n+000175a0: 2073 6361 6c65 6420 746f 2066 6974 2074 scaled to fit t\n+000175b0: 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e20 7369 7a65 732e he screen sizes.\n+000175c0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+000175d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2270 6164 6469 6e67 \"padding\n+000175e0: 2220 7468 6520 656e 7469 7265 202a 6465 \" the entire *de\n+000175f0: 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 652a 2077 696c sktop-image* wil\n+00017600: 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l. \n+00017610: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6520 636f 6e74 be cont\n+00017620: 6169 6e65 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 6372 ained on the scr\n+00017630: 6565 6e2e 2020 2266 6974 7769 6474 6822 een. \"fitwidth\"\n+00017640: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00017650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 666f 7220 6669 7474 for fitt\n+00017660: 696e 6720 7468 6520 2a64 6573 6b74 6f70 ing the *desktop\n+00017670: 2d69 6d61 6765 2a27 7320 7769 6474 680a -image*'s width.\n+00017680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017690: 2020 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 7363 7265 with scre\n+000176a0: 656e 2077 6964 7468 2e20 2022 6669 7468 en width. \"fith\n+000176b0: 6569 6768 7422 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 eight\" for. \n 000176c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000176d0: 2020 2020 2020 6669 7474 696e 6720 7468 fitting th\n-000176e0: 6520 2a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 e *desktop-image\n-000176f0: 2a27 7320 6865 6967 6874 2077 6974 680a *'s height with.\n+000176d0: 2020 6669 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 2a64 fitting the *d\n+000176e0: 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2a27 7320 esktop-image*'s \n+000176f0: 6865 6967 6874 2077 6974 680a 2020 2020 height with. \n 00017700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017710: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 the scree\n-00017720: 6e20 6865 6967 6874 2e20 2044 6566 6175 n height. Defau\n-00017730: 6c74 2069 7320 2273 7472 6574 6368 222e lt is \"stretch\".\n-00017740: 0a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2d68 .desktop-image-h\n-00017750: 2d61 6c69 676e 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 -align Specifie\n-00017760: 7320 7468 6520 686f 7269 7a6f 6e74 616c s the horizontal\n-00017770: 2061 6c69 676e 6d65 6e74 206f 6620 7468 alignment of th\n-00017780: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n-00017790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f *deskto\n-000177a0: 702d 696d 6167 652a 2069 660a 2020 2020 p-image* if. \n-000177b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000177c0: 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 *desktop-imag\n-000177d0: 652d 7363 616c 652d 6d65 7468 6f64 2a20 e-scale-method* \n-000177e0: 6973 6e27 7420 6571 7565 616c 0a20 2020 isn't equeal. \n+00017710: 2020 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e20 6865 the screen he\n+00017720: 6967 6874 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 2069 ight. Default i\n+00017730: 7320 2273 7472 6574 6368 222e 0a64 6573 s \"stretch\"..des\n+00017740: 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2d68 2d61 6c69 ktop-image-h-ali\n+00017750: 676e 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 gn Specifies th\n+00017760: 6520 686f 7269 7a6f 6e74 616c 2061 6c69 e horizontal ali\n+00017770: 676e 6d65 6e74 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 gnment of the. \n+00017780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017790: 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d *desktop-im\n+000177a0: 6167 652a 2069 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 age* if. \n+000177b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202a *\n+000177c0: 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 652d 7363 desktop-image-sc\n+000177d0: 616c 652d 6d65 7468 6f64 2a20 6973 6e27 ale-method* isn'\n+000177e0: 7420 6571 7565 616c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 t equeal. \n 000177f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017800: 2020 2020 746f 2022 7374 7265 7463 6822 to \"stretch\"\n-00017810: 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2022 . Options are \"\n-00017820: 6c65 6674 222c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 left\",. \n-00017830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2263 \"c\n-00017840: 656e 7465 7222 2c20 2272 6967 6874 222e enter\", \"right\".\n-00017850: 2020 4465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2022 6365 Default is \"ce\n-00017860: 6e74 6572 222e 0a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 nter\"..desktop-i\n-00017870: 6d61 6765 2d76 2d61 6c69 676e 2020 5370 mage-v-align Sp\n-00017880: 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 7665 7274 ecifies the vert\n-00017890: 6963 616c 2061 6c69 676e 6d65 6e74 206f ical alignment o\n-000178a0: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 f the. \n-000178b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202a 6465 *de\n-000178c0: 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 652a 2069 660a sktop-image* if.\n+00017800: 746f 2022 7374 7265 7463 6822 2e20 204f to \"stretch\". O\n+00017810: 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2022 6c65 6674 ptions are \"left\n+00017820: 222c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \",. \n+00017830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2263 656e 7465 \"cente\n+00017840: 7222 2c20 2272 6967 6874 222e 2020 4465 r\", \"right\". 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Options a\n-00017940: 7265 2022 746f 7022 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 re \"top\",. \n-00017950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017960: 2022 6365 6e74 6572 222c 2022 626f 7474 \"center\", \"bott\n-00017970: 6f6d 222e 2020 4465 6661 756c 7420 6973 om\". 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For \n+00017ab0: 6578 616d 706c 652c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 example,. \n 00017ac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017ad0: 2020 2020 2274 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2d 626f \"terminal-bo\n-00017ae0: 783a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 2a2e 706e x: terminal_*.pn\n-00017af0: 6722 2077 696c 6c20 7573 650a 2020 2020 g\" will use. \n-00017b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017b10: 2020 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 7320 2274 the images \"t\n-00017b20: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 632e 706e 6722 2061 erminal_c.png\" a\n-00017b30: 7320 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 0a20 2020 s the center. \n+00017ad0: 2274 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2d 626f 783a 2074 \"terminal-box: t\n+00017ae0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 2a2e 706e 6722 2077 erminal_*.png\" w\n+00017af0: 696c 6c20 7573 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ill use. \n+00017b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 t\n+00017b10: 6865 2069 6d61 6765 7320 2274 6572 6d69 he images \"termi\n+00017b20: 6e61 6c5f 632e 706e 6722 2061 7320 7468 nal_c.png\" as th\n+00017b30: 6520 6365 6e74 6572 0a20 2020 2020 2020 e center. \n 00017b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017b50: 2020 2020 6172 6561 2c20 2274 6572 6d69 area, \"termi\n-00017b60: 6e61 6c5f 6e2e 706e 6722 2061 7320 7468 nal_n.png\" as th\n-00017b70: 6520 6e6f 7274 6820 2874 6f70 290a 2020 e north (top). \n+00017b50: 6172 6561 2c20 2274 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f area, \"terminal_\n+00017b60: 6e2e 706e 6722 2061 7320 7468 6520 6e6f n.png\" as the no\n+00017b70: 7274 6820 2874 6f70 290a 2020 2020 2020 rth (top). \n 00017b80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017b90: 2020 2020 2065 6467 652c 2022 7465 726d edge, \"term\n-00017ba0: 696e 616c 5f6e 772e 706e 6722 2061 7320 inal_nw.png\" as \n-00017bb0: 7468 6520 6e6f 7274 6877 6573 740a 2020 the northwest. \n+00017b90: 2065 6467 652c 2022 7465 726d 696e 616c edge, \"terminal\n+00017ba0: 5f6e 772e 706e 6722 2061 7320 7468 6520 _nw.png\" as the \n+00017bb0: 6e6f 7274 6877 6573 740a 2020 2020 2020 northwest. \n 00017bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017bd0: 2020 2020 2028 7570 7065 7220 6c65 6674 (upper left\n-00017be0: 2920 636f 726e 6572 2c20 616e 6420 736f ) corner, and so\n-00017bf0: 206f 6e2e 2020 4966 2074 6865 0a20 2020 on. If the. \n+00017bd0: 2028 7570 7065 7220 6c65 6674 2920 636f (upper left) co\n+00017be0: 726e 6572 2c20 616e 6420 736f 206f 6e2e rner, and so on.\n+00017bf0: 2020 4966 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 If the. \n 00017c00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017c10: 2020 2020 696d 6167 6520 666f 7220 616e image for an\n-00017c20: 7920 736c 6963 6520 6973 206e 6f74 2066 y slice is not f\n-00017c30: 6f75 6e64 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 ound, it will. \n+00017c10: 696d 6167 6520 666f 7220 616e 7920 736c image for any sl\n+00017c20: 6963 6520 6973 206e 6f74 2066 6f75 6e64 ice is not found\n+00017c30: 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 , it will. \n 00017c40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017c50: 2020 2020 2073 696d 706c 7920 6265 206c simply be l\n-00017c60: 6566 7420 656d 7074 792e 0a74 6572 6d69 eft empty..termi\n-00017c70: 6e61 6c2d 626f 7264 6572 2020 2020 2020 nal-border \n-00017c80: 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 Specifies the \n-00017c90: 626f 7264 6572 2077 6964 7468 206f 6620 border width of \n-00017ca0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n-00017cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 termi\n-00017cc0: 6e61 6c20 7769 6e64 6f77 2e0a 7465 726d nal window..term\n-00017cd0: 696e 616c 2d6c 6566 7420 2020 2020 2020 inal-left \n-00017ce0: 2020 2053 7065 6369 6669 6573 2074 6865 Specifies the\n-00017cf0: 206c 6566 7420 636f 6f72 6469 6e61 7465 left coordinate\n-00017d00: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 of the. \n-00017d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 t\n-00017d20: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 6e64 6f77 2e0a erminal window..\n-00017d30: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2d74 6f70 2020 2020 terminal-top \n-00017d40: 2020 2020 2020 2053 7065 6369 6669 6573 Specifies\n-00017d50: 2074 6865 2074 6f70 2063 6f6f 7264 696e the top coordin\n-00017d60: 6174 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ate of the. \n-00017d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017d80: 2020 7465 726d 696e 616c 2077 696e 646f terminal windo\n-00017d90: 772e 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2d 7769 6474 w..terminal-widt\n-00017da0: 6820 2020 2020 2020 2020 5370 6563 6966 h Specif\n-00017db0: 6965 7320 7468 6520 7769 6474 6820 6f66 ies the width of\n-00017dc0: 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a 2020 the terminal. \n+00017c50: 2073 696d 706c 7920 6265 206c 6566 7420 simply be left \n+00017c60: 656d 7074 792e 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2d empty..terminal-\n+00017c70: 626f 7264 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 5370 border Sp\n+00017c80: 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 626f 7264 ecifies the bord\n+00017c90: 6572 2077 6964 7468 206f 6620 7468 650a er width of the.\n+00017ca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 terminal \n+00017cc0: 7769 6e64 6f77 2e0a 7465 726d 696e 616c window..terminal\n+00017cd0: 2d6c 6566 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 -left S\n+00017ce0: 7065 6369 6669 6573 2074 6865 206c 6566 pecifies the lef\n+00017cf0: 7420 636f 6f72 6469 6e61 7465 206f 6620 t coordinate of \n+00017d00: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+00017d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 termi\n+00017d20: 6e61 6c20 7769 6e64 6f77 2e0a 7465 726d nal window..term\n+00017d30: 696e 616c 2d74 6f70 2020 2020 2020 2020 inal-top \n+00017d40: 2020 2053 7065 6369 6669 6573 2074 6865 Specifies the\n+00017d50: 2074 6f70 2063 6f6f 7264 696e 6174 6520 top coordinate \n+00017d60: 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 of the. \n+00017d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7465 te\n+00017d80: 726d 696e 616c 2077 696e 646f 772e 0a74 rminal window..t\n+00017d90: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2d 7769 6474 6820 2020 erminal-width \n+00017da0: 2020 2020 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 Specifies \n+00017db0: 7468 6520 7769 6474 6820 6f66 2074 6865 the width of the\n+00017dc0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 terminal. \n 00017dd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017de0: 2020 2020 2077 696e 646f 772e 0a74 6572 window..ter\n-00017df0: 6d69 6e61 6c2d 6865 6967 6874 2020 2020 minal-height \n-00017e00: 2020 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 Specifies th\n-00017e10: 6520 6865 6967 6874 206f 6620 7468 6520 e height of the \n-00017e20: 7465 726d 696e 616c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 terminal. \n-00017e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017e40: 7769 6e64 6f77 2e0a 0a37 2e33 2e34 2043 window...7.3.4 C\n-00017e50: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2043 6f6e 7374 7275 omponent Constru\n-00017e60: 6374 696f 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ction.----------\n-00017e70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00017e80: 2d2d 0a0a 4772 6561 7465 7220 6375 7374 --..Greater cust\n-00017e90: 6f6d 697a 6162 696c 6974 7920 636f 6d65 omizability come\n-00017ea0: 7320 6973 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 s is provided by\n-00017eb0: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 732e 2020 4120 components. A \n-00017ec0: 7472 6565 206f 660a 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e tree of.componen\n-00017ed0: 7473 2066 6f72 6d73 2074 6865 2075 7365 ts forms the use\n-00017ee0: 7220 696e 7465 7266 6163 652e 2020 2a43 r interface. *C\n-00017ef0: 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 732a 2061 7265 2063 ontainers* are c\n-00017f00: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 7468 6174 0a63 omponents that.c\n-00017f10: 616e 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 206f 7468 6572 an contain other\n-00017f20: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 732c 2061 6e64 components, and\n-00017f30: 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 616c 7761 7973 there is always\n-00017f40: 2061 2073 696e 676c 6520 726f 6f74 0a63 a single root.c\n-00017f50: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2077 6869 6368 2069 omponent which i\n-00017f60: 7320 616e 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 6520 6f66 s an instance of\n-00017f70: 2061 202a 6361 6e76 6173 2a20 636f 6e74 a *canvas* cont\n-00017f80: 6169 6e65 722e 0a0a 2020 2043 6f6d 706f ainer... 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This b\n-00018a10: 6f78 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 ox will be. \n-00018a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 u\n-00018a30: 7365 6420 746f 2070 6169 6e74 206a 7573 sed to paint jus\n-00018a40: 7420 7468 6520 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7465 t the highlighte\n-00018a50: 6420 7265 6769 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 650a d region of the.\n+00018190: 0a0a 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 ..The following \n+000181a0: 6973 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2074 6865 is a list of the\n+000181b0: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 616e 6420 components and \n+000181c0: 7468 6520 7072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 2074 the properties t\n+000181d0: 6865 790a 7375 7070 6f72 742e 0a0a 2020 hey.support... \n+000181e0: 20e2 80a2 206c 6162 656c 2041 206c 6162 ... label A lab\n+000181f0: 656c 2064 6973 706c 6179 7320 6120 6c69 el displays a li\n+00018200: 6e65 206f 6620 7465 7874 2e0a 0a20 2020 ne of text... \n+00018210: 2020 5072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 3a0a 2020 Properties:. \n+00018220: 2020 2069 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 id \n+00018230: 2020 5365 7420 746f 2022 5f5f 7469 6d65 Set to \"__time\n+00018240: 6f75 745f 5f22 2074 6f20 6469 7370 6c61 out__\" to displa\n+00018250: 7920 7468 6520 7469 6d65 2065 6c61 7073 y the time elaps\n+00018260: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ed. \n+00018270: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6f20 616e 2061 7574 to an aut\n+00018280: 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6f66 omatical boot of\n+00018290: 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 the default ent\n+000182a0: 7279 2e0a 2020 2020 2074 6578 7420 2020 ry.. text \n+000182b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 7465 7874 The text\n+000182c0: 2074 6f20 6469 7370 6c61 792e 2020 4966 to display. 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I\n+00018360: 6620 7365 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 f set to. \n+00018370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 404b \"@K\n+00018380: 4559 4d41 505f 5348 4f52 5440 222c 2022 EYMAP_SHORT@\", \"\n+00018390: 404b 4559 4d41 505f 4d49 4444 4c45 4022 @KEYMAP_MIDDLE@\"\n+000183a0: 206f 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 or. \n+000183b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2240 4b45 594d 4150 \"@KEYMAP\n+000183c0: 5f4c 4f4e 4740 2220 7468 656e 2070 7265 _LONG@\" then pre\n+000183d0: 6465 6669 6e65 6420 686f 746b 6579 0a20 defined hotkey. \n+000183e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000183f0: 2020 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2077 information w\n+00018400: 696c 6c20 6265 2073 686f 776e 2e0a 2020 ill be shown.. \n+00018410: 2020 2066 6f6e 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 font \n+00018420: 2020 5468 6520 666f 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 The font to us\n+00018430: 6520 666f 7220 7465 7874 2064 6973 706c e for text displ\n+00018440: 6179 2e0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6c 6f72 2020 ay.. color \n+00018450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 636f 6c6f The colo\n+00018460: 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2074 6578 742e 0a20 r of the text.. \n+00018470: 2020 2020 616c 6967 6e20 2020 2020 2020 align \n+00018480: 2020 2054 6865 2068 6f72 697a 6f6e 7461 The horizonta\n+00018490: 6c20 616c 6967 6e6d 656e 7420 6f66 2074 l alignment of t\n+000184a0: 6865 2074 6578 7420 7769 7468 696e 2074 he text within t\n+000184b0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n+000184c0: 2020 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 component\n+000184d0: 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2022 . Options are \"\n+000184e0: 6c65 6674 222c 2022 6365 6e74 6572 2220 left\", \"center\" \n+000184f0: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 and. \n+00018500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2272 6967 6874 222e \"right\".\n+00018510: 0a20 2020 2020 7669 7369 626c 6520 2020 . visible \n+00018520: 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 6f20 2266 616c Set to \"fal\n+00018530: 7365 2220 746f 2068 6964 6520 7468 6520 se\" to hide the \n+00018540: 6c61 6265 6c2e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 label... ... i\n+00018550: 6d61 6765 2041 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 mage A component\n+00018560: 2074 6861 7420 6469 7370 6c61 7973 2061 that displays a\n+00018570: 6e20 696d 6167 652e 2020 5468 6520 696d n image. The im\n+00018580: 6167 6520 6973 2073 6361 6c65 6420 746f age is scaled to\n+00018590: 0a20 2020 2020 6669 7420 7468 6520 636f . fit the co\n+000185a0: 6d70 6f6e 656e 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 mponent... P\n+000185b0: 726f 7065 7274 6965 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 roperties:.. \n+000185c0: 2066 696c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 file \n+000185d0: 5468 6520 6675 6c6c 2070 6174 6820 746f The full path to\n+000185e0: 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 6520 the image file \n+000185f0: 746f 206c 6f61 642e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 to load... ...\n+00018600: 2070 726f 6772 6573 735f 6261 7220 4469 progress_bar Di\n+00018610: 7370 6c61 7973 2061 2068 6f72 697a 6f6e splays a horizon\n+00018620: 7461 6c6c 7920 6f72 6965 6e74 6564 2070 tally oriented p\n+00018630: 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 722e 2020 4974 rogress bar. It\n+00018640: 2063 616e 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2072 656e can. be ren\n+00018650: 6465 7265 6420 7573 696e 6720 7369 6d70 dered using simp\n+00018660: 6c65 2073 6f6c 6964 2066 696c 6c65 6420 le solid filled \n+00018670: 7265 6374 616e 676c 6573 2c20 6f72 2075 rectangles, or u\n+00018680: 7369 6e67 2061 2070 6169 720a 2020 2020 sing a pair. \n+00018690: 206f 6620 7069 786d 6170 2073 7479 6c65 of pixmap style\n+000186a0: 6420 626f 7865 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 d boxes... P\n+000186b0: 726f 7065 7274 6965 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 roperties:.. \n+000186c0: 2069 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 id \n+000186d0: 5365 7420 746f 2022 5f5f 7469 6d65 6f75 Set to \"__timeou\n+000186e0: 745f 5f22 2074 6f20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 t__\" to display \n+000186f0: 7468 6520 7469 6d65 2065 6c61 7073 6564 the time elapsed\n+00018700: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00018710: 2020 2020 2074 6f20 616e 2061 7574 6f6d to an autom\n+00018720: 6174 6963 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6f66 2074 atical boot of t\n+00018730: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 he default entry\n+00018740: 2e0a 2020 2020 2066 675f 636f 6c6f 7220 .. fg_color \n+00018750: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 666f 7265 6772 The foregr\n+00018760: 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 2066 6f72 2070 ound color for p\n+00018770: 6c61 696e 2073 6f6c 6964 2063 6f6c 6f72 lain solid color\n+00018780: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00018790: 2020 2020 2072 656e 6465 7269 6e67 2e0a rendering..\n+000187a0: 2020 2020 2062 675f 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 bg_color \n+000187b0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 6261 636b 6772 6f75 The backgrou\n+000187c0: 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 nd color for pla\n+000187d0: 696e 2073 6f6c 6964 2063 6f6c 6f72 0a20 in solid color. \n+000187e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000187f0: 2020 2072 656e 6465 7269 6e67 2e0a 2020 rendering.. \n+00018800: 2020 2062 6f72 6465 725f 636f 6c6f 7220 border_color \n+00018810: 2020 5468 6520 626f 7264 6572 2063 6f6c The border col\n+00018820: 6f72 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 696e 2073 6f6c or for plain sol\n+00018830: 6964 2063 6f6c 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 id color. \n+00018840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 656e ren\n+00018850: 6465 7269 6e67 2e0a 2020 2020 2074 6578 dering.. tex\n+00018860: 745f 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 2020 5468 6520 t_color The \n+00018870: 7465 7874 2063 6f6c 6f72 2e0a 2020 2020 text color.. \n+00018880: 2062 6172 5f73 7479 6c65 2020 2020 2020 bar_style \n+00018890: 5468 6520 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2073 The styled box s\n+000188a0: 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 pecification for\n+000188b0: 2074 6865 2066 7261 6d65 206f 660a 2020 the frame of. \n+000188c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000188d0: 2020 7468 6520 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 the progress b\n+000188e0: 6172 2e20 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 2020 ar. Example:. \n+000188f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018900: 2020 2270 726f 6772 6573 735f 6672 616d \"progress_fram\n+00018910: 655f 2a2e 706e 6722 2049 6620 7468 6520 e_*.png\" If the \n+00018920: 7661 6c75 6520 6973 2065 7175 616c 2074 value is equal t\n+00018930: 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o. \n+00018940: 2020 2020 2020 2268 6967 686c 6967 6874 \"highlight\n+00018950: 5f73 7479 6c65 2220 7468 656e 206e 6f20 _style\" then no \n+00018960: 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 6573 2077 696c styled boxes wil\n+00018970: 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l be. \n+00018980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 686f 776e 2e0a shown..\n+00018990: 2020 2020 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 5f73 highlight_s\n+000189a0: 7479 6c65 5468 6520 7374 796c 6564 2062 tyleThe styled b\n+000189b0: 6f78 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e ox specification\n+000189c0: 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2068 6967 686c 6967 for the highlig\n+000189d0: 6874 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 hted. \n+000189e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 6567 696f 6e20 region \n+000189f0: 6f66 2074 6865 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 of the progress \n+00018a00: 6261 722e 2020 5468 6973 2062 6f78 2077 bar. This box w\n+00018a10: 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ill be. \n+00018a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 7365 6420 used \n+00018a30: 746f 2070 6169 6e74 206a 7573 7420 7468 to paint just th\n+00018a40: 6520 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7465 6420 7265 e highlighted re\n+00018a50: 6769 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 gion of the. \n 00018a60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018a70: 2020 2020 6261 722c 2061 6e64 2077 696c bar, and wil\n-00018a80: 6c20 6265 2069 6e63 7265 6173 6564 2069 l be increased i\n-00018a90: 6e20 7369 7a65 2061 7320 7468 6520 6261 n size as the ba\n-00018aa0: 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r. \n-00018ab0: 2020 2020 2020 6e65 6172 7320 636f 6d70 nears comp\n-00018ac0: 6c65 7469 6f6e 2e20 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 letion. Example\n-00018ad0: 3a20 2270 726f 6772 6573 735f 686c 5f2a : \"progress_hl_*\n-00018ae0: 2e70 6e67 222e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 .png\".. \n-00018af0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 If th\n-00018b00: 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6973 2065 7175 616c e value is equal\n-00018b10: 2074 6f20 2262 6172 5f73 7479 6c65 2220 to \"bar_style\" \n-00018b20: 7468 656e 206e 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 then no. \n-00018b30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7374 796c styl\n-00018b40: 6564 2062 6f78 6573 2077 696c 6c20 6265 ed boxes will be\n-00018b50: 2073 686f 776e 2e0a 2020 2020 2068 6967 shown.. hig\n-00018b60: 686c 6967 6874 5f6f 7665 726c 6179 4966 hlight_overlayIf\n-00018b70: 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 this option is \n-00018b80: 7365 7420 746f 2022 7472 7565 2220 7468 set to \"true\" th\n-00018b90: 656e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 en the. \n-00018ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6967 686c highl\n-00018bb0: 6967 6874 2062 6f78 2073 6964 6520 736c ight box side sl\n-00018bc0: 6963 6573 2028 6576 6572 7920 736c 6963 ices (every slic\n-00018bd0: 6520 6578 6365 7074 0a20 2020 2020 2020 e except. \n-00018be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 the\n-00018bf0: 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 6529 2077 center slice) w\n-00018c00: 696c 6c20 6f76 6572 6c61 7920 7468 6520 ill overlay the \n-00018c10: 6672 616d 6520 626f 780a 2020 2020 2020 frame box. \n-00018c20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7369 si\n-00018c30: 6465 2073 6c69 6365 732e 2020 416e 6420 de slices. And \n-00018c40: 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 the center slice\n-00018c50: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 of the. \n-00018c60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6869 6768 high\n-00018c70: 6c69 6768 7420 626f 7820 6361 6e20 6d6f light box can mo\n-00018c80: 7665 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 2077 6179 2028 ve all the way (\n-00018c90: 6672 6f6d 2074 6f70 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 from top to. \n-00018ca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018cb0: 626f 7474 6f6d 292c 2062 6569 6e67 2064 bottom), being d\n-00018cc0: 7261 776e 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6365 6e74 rawn on the cent\n-00018cd0: 6572 2073 6c69 6365 206f 6620 7468 650a er slice of the.\n+00018a70: 6261 722c 2061 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 6265 bar, and will be\n+00018a80: 2069 6e63 7265 6173 6564 2069 6e20 7369 increased in si\n+00018a90: 7a65 2061 7320 7468 6520 6261 720a 2020 ze as the bar. \n+00018aa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018ab0: 2020 6e65 6172 7320 636f 6d70 6c65 7469 nears completi\n+00018ac0: 6f6e 2e20 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 3a20 2270 on. Example: \"p\n+00018ad0: 726f 6772 6573 735f 686c 5f2a 2e70 6e67 rogress_hl_*.png\n+00018ae0: 222e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \".. \n+00018af0: 2020 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 7661 If the va\n+00018b00: 6c75 6520 6973 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 lue is equal to \n+00018b10: 2262 6172 5f73 7479 6c65 2220 7468 656e \"bar_style\" then\n+00018b20: 206e 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no. \n+00018b30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7374 796c 6564 2062 styled b\n+00018b40: 6f78 6573 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 686f oxes will be sho\n+00018b50: 776e 2e0a 2020 2020 2068 6967 686c 6967 wn.. highlig\n+00018b60: 6874 5f6f 7665 726c 6179 4966 2074 6869 ht_overlayIf thi\n+00018b70: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 7420 s option is set \n+00018b80: 746f 2022 7472 7565 2220 7468 656e 2074 to \"true\" then t\n+00018b90: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n+00018ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 highlight\n+00018bb0: 2062 6f78 2073 6964 6520 736c 6963 6573 box side slices\n+00018bc0: 2028 6576 6572 7920 736c 6963 6520 6578 (every slice ex\n+00018bd0: 6365 7074 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 cept. \n+00018be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 656e the cen\n+00018bf0: 7465 7220 736c 6963 6529 2077 696c 6c20 ter slice) will \n+00018c00: 6f76 6572 6c61 7920 7468 6520 6672 616d overlay the fram\n+00018c10: 6520 626f 780a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e box. \n+00018c20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7369 6465 2073 side s\n+00018c30: 6c69 6365 732e 2020 416e 6420 7468 6520 lices. And the \n+00018c40: 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 206f 6620 center slice of \n+00018c50: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+00018c60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6869 6768 6c69 6768 highligh\n+00018c70: 7420 626f 7820 6361 6e20 6d6f 7665 2061 t box can move a\n+00018c80: 6c6c 2074 6865 2077 6179 2028 6672 6f6d ll the way (from\n+00018c90: 2074 6f70 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 top to. \n+00018ca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 626f 7474 bott\n+00018cb0: 6f6d 292c 2062 6569 6e67 2064 7261 776e om), being drawn\n+00018cc0: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 on the center s\n+00018cd0: 6c69 6365 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 lice of the. \n 00018ce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018cf0: 2020 2020 6672 616d 6520 626f 782e 2020 frame box. \n-00018d00: 5468 6174 2077 6179 2077 6520 6361 6e20 That way we can \n-00018d10: 6d61 6b65 2061 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 make a progress \n-00018d20: 6261 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 bar. \n-00018d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 7468 2072 6f75 with rou\n-00018d40: 6e64 2d73 6861 7065 6420 6564 6765 7320 nd-shaped edges \n-00018d50: 736f 2074 6865 7265 2077 6f6e 2774 2062 so there won't b\n-00018d60: 6520 6120 6672 6565 0a20 2020 2020 2020 e a free. \n-00018d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 7061 spa\n-00018d80: 6365 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6869 6768 ce from the high\n-00018d90: 6c69 6768 7420 746f 2074 6865 2066 7261 light to the fra\n-00018da0: 6d65 2069 6e20 746f 7020 616e 640a 2020 me in top and. \n-00018db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018dc0: 2020 626f 7474 6f6d 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 bottom scrollb\n-00018dd0: 6172 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e73 2e20 2044 ar positions. D\n-00018de0: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 2266 616c 7365 efault is \"false\n-00018df0: 222e 0a20 2020 2020 666f 6e74 2020 2020 \".. font \n-00018e00: 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2066 6f6e 7420 The font \n-00018e10: 746f 2075 7365 2066 6f72 2070 726f 6772 to use for progr\n-00018e20: 6573 7320 6261 722e 0a20 2020 2020 7465 ess bar.. te\n-00018e30: 7874 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 xt The\n-00018e40: 2074 6578 7420 746f 2064 6973 706c 6179 text to display\n-00018e50: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7072 6f67 7265 7373 on the progress\n-00018e60: 2062 6172 2e20 2049 6620 7468 650a 2020 bar. If the. \n-00018e70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018e80: 2020 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2773 progress bar's\n-00018e90: 2049 4420 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 225f ID is set to \"_\n-00018ea0: 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 616e 640a _timeout__\" and.\n+00018cf0: 6672 616d 6520 626f 782e 2020 5468 6174 frame box. That\n+00018d00: 2077 6179 2077 6520 6361 6e20 6d61 6b65 way we can make\n+00018d10: 2061 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 720a a progress bar.\n+00018d20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018d30: 2020 2020 7769 7468 2072 6f75 6e64 2d73 with round-s\n+00018d40: 6861 7065 6420 6564 6765 7320 736f 2074 haped edges so t\n+00018d50: 6865 7265 2077 6f6e 2774 2062 6520 6120 here won't be a \n+00018d60: 6672 6565 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 free. \n+00018d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 7061 6365 2066 space f\n+00018d80: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6869 6768 6c69 6768 rom the highligh\n+00018d90: 7420 746f 2074 6865 2066 7261 6d65 2069 t to the frame i\n+00018da0: 6e20 746f 7020 616e 640a 2020 2020 2020 n top and. \n+00018db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 626f bo\n+00018dc0: 7474 6f6d 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 ttom scrollbar p\n+00018dd0: 6f73 6974 696f 6e73 2e20 2044 6566 6175 ositions. Defau\n+00018de0: 6c74 2069 7320 2266 616c 7365 222e 0a20 lt is \"false\".. \n+00018df0: 2020 2020 666f 6e74 2020 2020 2020 2020 font \n+00018e00: 2020 2054 6865 2066 6f6e 7420 746f 2075 The font to u\n+00018e10: 7365 2066 6f72 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 se for progress \n+00018e20: 6261 722e 0a20 2020 2020 7465 7874 2020 bar.. text \n+00018e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2074 6578 The tex\n+00018e40: 7420 746f 2064 6973 706c 6179 206f 6e20 t to display on \n+00018e50: 7468 6520 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 the progress bar\n+00018e60: 2e20 2049 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 . If the. \n+00018e70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7072 pr\n+00018e80: 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2773 2049 4420 ogress bar's ID \n+00018e90: 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 225f 5f74 696d is set to \"__tim\n+00018ea0: 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 616e 640a 2020 2020 eout__\" and. \n 00018eb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018ec0: 2020 2020 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 the value of\n-00018ed0: 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f70 6572 7479 2069 this property i\n-00018ee0: 7320 7365 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 s set to. \n-00018ef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 4054 \"@T\n-00018f00: 494d 454f 5554 5f4e 4f54 4946 4943 4154 IMEOUT_NOTIFICAT\n-00018f10: 494f 4e5f 5348 4f52 5440 222c 0a20 2020 ION_SHORT@\",. \n-00018f20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018f30: 2022 4054 494d 454f 5554 5f4e 4f54 4946 \"@TIMEOUT_NOTIF\n-00018f40: 4943 4154 494f 4e5f 4d49 4444 4c45 4022 ICATION_MIDDLE@\"\n-00018f50: 206f 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 or. \n-00018f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 \"@TIMEOU\n-00018f70: 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 4341 5449 4f4e 5f4c T_NOTIFICATION_L\n-00018f80: 4f4e 4740 222c 2074 6865 6e20 4752 5542 ONG@\", then GRUB\n-00018f90: 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 will. \n-00018fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7570 6461 7465 update\n-00018fb0: 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f70 6572 7479 2077 this property w\n-00018fc0: 6974 6820 616e 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 ith an informati\n-00018fd0: 7665 206d 6573 7361 6765 0a20 2020 2020 ve message. \n-00018fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 a\n-00018ff0: 7320 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 6170 s the timeout ap\n-00019000: 7072 6f61 6368 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 proaches... ..\n-00019010: a220 6369 7263 756c 6172 5f70 726f 6772 . circular_progr\n-00019020: 6573 7320 4469 7370 6c61 7973 2061 2063 ess Displays a c\n-00019030: 6972 6375 6c61 7220 7072 6f67 7265 7373 ircular progress\n-00019040: 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 2e20 2054 6865 indicator. The\n-00019050: 0a20 2020 2020 6170 7065 6172 616e 6365 . appearance\n-00019060: 206f 6620 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 of this compone\n-00019070: 6e74 2069 7320 6465 7465 726d 696e 6564 nt is determined\n-00019080: 2062 7920 7477 6f20 696d 6167 6573 3a20 by two images: \n-00019090: 7468 650a 2020 2020 202a 6365 6e74 6572 the. *center\n-000190a0: 2a20 696d 6167 6520 616e 6420 7468 6520 * image and the \n-000190b0: 2a74 6963 6b2a 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2054 *tick* image. T\n-000190c0: 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 696d 6167 6520 he center image \n-000190d0: 6973 2067 656e 6572 616c 6c79 0a20 2020 is generally. \n-000190e0: 2020 6c61 7267 6572 2061 6e64 2077 696c larger and wil\n-000190f0: 6c20 6265 2064 7261 776e 2069 6e20 7468 l be drawn in th\n-00019100: 6520 6365 6e74 6572 206f 6620 7468 6520 e center of the \n-00019110: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 742e 2020 4172 6f75 component. Arou\n-00019120: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6369 7263 nd. the circ\n-00019130: 756d 6665 7265 6e63 6520 6f66 2061 2063 umference of a c\n-00019140: 6972 636c 6520 7769 7468 696e 2074 6865 ircle within the\n-00019150: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2c20 7468 6520 component, the \n-00019160: 7469 636b 2069 6d61 6765 0a20 2020 2020 tick image. \n-00019170: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6472 6177 6e20 6120 will be drawn a \n-00019180: 6365 7274 6169 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f certain number o\n-00019190: 6620 7469 6d65 732c 2064 6570 656e 6469 f times, dependi\n-000191a0: 6e67 206f 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2070 ng on the. p\n-000191b0: 726f 7065 7274 6965 7320 6f66 2074 6865 roperties of the\n-000191c0: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2e0a 0a20 2020 component... \n-000191d0: 2020 5072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 3a0a 0a20 Properties:.. \n-000191e0: 2020 2020 6964 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 id \n-000191f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 Set t\n-00019200: 6f20 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 o \"__timeout__\" \n-00019210: 746f 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 2074 to display the t\n-00019220: 696d 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ime. \n-00019230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019240: 656c 6170 7365 6420 746f 2061 6e20 6175 elapsed to an au\n-00019250: 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c20 626f 6f74 206f tomatical boot o\n-00019260: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 f the. \n-00019270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019280: 2020 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 792e default entry.\n-00019290: 0a20 2020 2020 6365 6e74 6572 5f62 6974 . center_bit\n-000192a0: 6d61 7020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 map The\n-000192b0: 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 7468 file name of th\n-000192c0: 6520 696d 6167 6520 746f 2064 7261 7720 e image to draw \n-000192d0: 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 in the. \n-000192e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000192f0: 2020 2063 656e 7465 7220 6f66 2074 6865 center of the\n-00019300: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2e0a 2020 2020 component.. \n-00019310: 2074 6963 6b5f 6269 746d 6170 2020 2020 tick_bitmap \n-00019320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6669 6c65 The file\n-00019330: 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2069 6d61 name of the ima\n-00019340: 6765 2074 6f20 6472 6177 2066 6f72 0a20 ge to draw for. \n+00018ec0: 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6869 the value of thi\n+00018ed0: 7320 7072 6f70 6572 7479 2069 7320 7365 s property is se\n+00018ee0: 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t to. \n+00018ef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 4054 494d 454f \"@TIMEO\n+00018f00: 5554 5f4e 4f54 4946 4943 4154 494f 4e5f UT_NOTIFICATION_\n+00018f10: 5348 4f52 5440 222c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 SHORT@\",. \n+00018f20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 4054 \"@T\n+00018f30: 494d 454f 5554 5f4e 4f54 4946 4943 4154 IMEOUT_NOTIFICAT\n+00018f40: 494f 4e5f 4d49 4444 4c45 4022 206f 720a ION_MIDDLE@\" or.\n+00018f50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018f60: 2020 2020 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f \"@TIMEOUT_NO\n+00018f70: 5449 4649 4341 5449 4f4e 5f4c 4f4e 4740 TIFICATION_LONG@\n+00018f80: 222c 2074 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2077 696c \", then GRUB wil\n+00018f90: 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l. \n+00018fa0: 2020 2020 2020 7570 6461 7465 2074 6869 update thi\n+00018fb0: 7320 7072 6f70 6572 7479 2077 6974 6820 s property with \n+00018fc0: 616e 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 7665 206d an informative m\n+00018fd0: 6573 7361 6765 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 essage. \n+00018fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 7320 7468 as th\n+00018ff0: 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 6170 7072 6f61 e timeout approa\n+00019000: 6368 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6369 ches... ... ci\n+00019010: 7263 756c 6172 5f70 726f 6772 6573 7320 rcular_progress \n+00019020: 4469 7370 6c61 7973 2061 2063 6972 6375 Displays a circu\n+00019030: 6c61 7220 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2069 6e64 lar progress ind\n+00019040: 6963 6174 6f72 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 icator. The. \n+00019050: 2020 6170 7065 6172 616e 6365 206f 6620 appearance of \n+00019060: 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2069 this component i\n+00019070: 7320 6465 7465 726d 696e 6564 2062 7920 s determined by \n+00019080: 7477 6f20 696d 6167 6573 3a20 7468 650a two images: the.\n+00019090: 2020 2020 202a 6365 6e74 6572 2a20 696d *center* im\n+000190a0: 6167 6520 616e 6420 7468 6520 2a74 6963 age and the *tic\n+000190b0: 6b2a 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2054 6865 2063 k* image. The c\n+000190c0: 656e 7465 7220 696d 6167 6520 6973 2067 enter image is g\n+000190d0: 656e 6572 616c 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 6c61 enerally. la\n+000190e0: 7267 6572 2061 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 6265 rger and will be\n+000190f0: 2064 7261 776e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6365 drawn in the ce\n+00019100: 6e74 6572 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d70 nter of the comp\n+00019110: 6f6e 656e 742e 2020 4172 6f75 6e64 0a20 onent. Around. \n+00019120: 2020 2020 7468 6520 6369 7263 756d 6665 the circumfe\n+00019130: 7265 6e63 6520 6f66 2061 2063 6972 636c rence of a circl\n+00019140: 6520 7769 7468 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d e within the com\n+00019150: 706f 6e65 6e74 2c20 7468 6520 7469 636b ponent, the tick\n+00019160: 2069 6d61 6765 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c image. will\n+00019170: 2062 6520 6472 6177 6e20 6120 6365 7274 be drawn a cert\n+00019180: 6169 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7469 ain number of ti\n+00019190: 6d65 732c 2064 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f mes, depending o\n+000191a0: 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2070 726f 7065 n the. prope\n+000191b0: 7274 6965 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d rties of the com\n+000191c0: 706f 6e65 6e74 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5072 ponent... Pr\n+000191d0: 6f70 6572 7469 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 operties:.. \n+000191e0: 6964 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 id \n+000191f0: 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 6f20 225f Set to \"_\n+00019200: 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 746f 2064 _timeout__\" to d\n+00019210: 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 2074 696d 650a isplay the time.\n+00019220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 656c 6170 elap\n+00019240: 7365 6420 746f 2061 6e20 6175 746f 6d61 sed to an automa\n+00019250: 7469 6361 6c20 626f 6f74 206f 6620 7468 tical boot of th\n+00019260: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n+00019270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 de\n+00019280: 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 792e 0a20 2020 fault entry.. \n+00019290: 2020 6365 6e74 6572 5f62 6974 6d61 7020 center_bitmap \n+000192a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2066 696c The fil\n+000192b0: 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 7468 6520 696d e name of the im\n+000192c0: 6167 6520 746f 2064 7261 7720 696e 2074 age to draw in t\n+000192d0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n+000192e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 c\n+000192f0: 656e 7465 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d enter of the com\n+00019300: 706f 6e65 6e74 2e0a 2020 2020 2074 6963 ponent.. tic\n+00019310: 6b5f 6269 746d 6170 2020 2020 2020 2020 k_bitmap \n+00019320: 2020 2020 5468 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d The file nam\n+00019330: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2074 e of the image t\n+00019340: 6f20 6472 6177 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 o draw for. \n 00019350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2074 the t\n-00019370: 6963 6b20 6d61 726b 732e 0a20 2020 2020 ick marks.. \n-00019380: 6e75 6d5f 7469 636b 7320 2020 2020 2020 num_ticks \n-00019390: 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 206e 756d 6265 The numbe\n-000193a0: 7220 6f66 2074 6963 6b73 2074 6861 7420 r of ticks that \n-000193b0: 6d61 6b65 2075 7020 6120 6675 6c6c 0a20 make up a full. \n+00019360: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2074 6963 6b20 the tick \n+00019370: 6d61 726b 732e 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d5f marks.. num_\n+00019380: 7469 636b 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ticks \n+00019390: 2020 2054 6865 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 The number of\n+000193a0: 2074 6963 6b73 2074 6861 7420 6d61 6b65 ticks that make\n+000193b0: 2075 7020 6120 6675 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 up a full. \n 000193c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000193d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 6972 636c circl\n-000193e0: 652e 0a20 2020 2020 7469 636b 735f 6469 e.. ticks_di\n-000193f0: 7361 7070 6561 7220 2020 2020 2020 2042 sappear B\n-00019400: 6f6f 6c65 616e 2076 616c 7565 2069 6e64 oolean value ind\n-00019410: 6963 6174 696e 6720 7768 6574 6865 7220 icating whether \n-00019420: 7469 636b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tick. \n-00019430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019440: 206d 6172 6b73 2073 686f 756c 6420 7072 marks should pr\n-00019450: 6f67 7265 7373 6976 656c 7920 6170 7065 ogressively appe\n-00019460: 6172 2c20 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ar, or. \n-00019470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019480: 2020 2070 726f 6772 6573 7369 7665 6c79 progressively\n-00019490: 2064 6973 6170 7065 6172 2061 7320 2a76 disappear as *v\n-000194a0: 616c 7565 2a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 alue*. \n-000194b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000194c0: 2020 6170 7072 6f61 6368 6573 202a 656e approaches *en\n-000194d0: 642a 2e20 2053 7065 6369 6679 2022 7472 d*. Specify \"tr\n-000194e0: 7565 2220 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ue\" or. \n-000194f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019500: 2020 2022 6661 6c73 6522 2e20 2044 6566 \"false\". Def\n-00019510: 6175 6c74 2069 7320 2266 616c 7365 222e ault is \"false\".\n-00019520: 0a20 2020 2020 7374 6172 745f 616e 676c . start_angl\n-00019530: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 e The\n-00019540: 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 position of the\n-00019550: 2066 6972 7374 2074 6963 6b20 6d61 726b first tick mark\n-00019560: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 to. \n-00019570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019580: 6170 7065 6172 206f 7220 6469 7361 7070 appear or disapp\n-00019590: 6561 722e 2020 4d65 6173 7572 6564 2069 ear. Measured i\n-000195a0: 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n. \n-000195b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2270 \"p\n-000195c0: 6172 726f 7473 222c 2031 2022 7061 7272 arrots\", 1 \"parr\n-000195d0: 6f74 2220 3d20 3120 2f20 3235 3620 6f66 ot\" = 1 / 256 of\n-000195e0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n-000195f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019600: 2066 756c 6c20 6369 7263 6c65 2e20 2055 full circle. U\n-00019610: 7365 2076 616c 7565 7320 2278 7878 2064 se values \"xxx d\n-00019620: 6567 2220 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 eg\" or. \n-00019630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019640: 2020 2022 7878 7820 5c78 6332 5c78 6230 \"xxx \\xc2\\xb0\n-00019650: 2220 746f 2073 6574 2074 6865 2061 6e67 \" to set the ang\n-00019660: 6c65 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 le in. \n-00019670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019680: 2020 6465 6772 6565 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 degrees... .\n-00019690: 80a2 2062 6f6f 745f 6d65 6e75 2044 6973 .. boot_menu Dis\n-000196a0: 706c 6179 7320 7468 6520 4752 5542 2062 plays the GRUB b\n-000196b0: 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 2e20 2049 7420 616c oot menu. It al\n-000196c0: 6c6f 7773 2073 656c 6563 7469 6e67 2069 lows selecting i\n-000196d0: 7465 6d73 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 6578 tems. and ex\n-000196e0: 6563 7574 696e 6720 7468 656d 2e0a 0a20 ecuting them... \n-000196f0: 2020 2020 5072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 3a0a Properties:.\n-00019700: 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 5f66 6f6e 7420 . item_font \n+000193d0: 2020 2020 2020 2063 6972 636c 652e 0a20 circle.. \n+000193e0: 2020 2020 7469 636b 735f 6469 7361 7070 ticks_disapp\n+000193f0: 6561 7220 2020 2020 2020 2042 6f6f 6c65 ear Boole\n+00019400: 616e 2076 616c 7565 2069 6e64 6963 6174 an value indicat\n+00019410: 696e 6720 7768 6574 6865 7220 7469 636b ing whether tick\n+00019420: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00019430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 6172 mar\n+00019440: 6b73 2073 686f 756c 6420 7072 6f67 7265 ks should progre\n+00019450: 7373 6976 656c 7920 6170 7065 6172 2c20 ssively appear, \n+00019460: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 or. \n+00019470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 p\n+00019480: 726f 6772 6573 7369 7665 6c79 2064 6973 rogressively dis\n+00019490: 6170 7065 6172 2061 7320 2a76 616c 7565 appear as *value\n+000194a0: 2a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 *. \n+000194b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6170 ap\n+000194c0: 7072 6f61 6368 6573 202a 656e 642a 2e20 proaches *end*. \n+000194d0: 2053 7065 6369 6679 2022 7472 7565 2220 Specify \"true\" \n+000194e0: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 or. \n+000194f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 \"\n+00019500: 6661 6c73 6522 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 false\". Default\n+00019510: 2069 7320 2266 616c 7365 222e 0a20 2020 is \"false\".. \n+00019520: 2020 7374 6172 745f 616e 676c 6520 2020 start_angle \n+00019530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2070 6f73 The pos\n+00019540: 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6972 ition of the fir\n+00019550: 7374 2074 6963 6b20 6d61 726b 2074 6f0a st tick mark to.\n+00019560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6170 7065 appe\n+00019580: 6172 206f 7220 6469 7361 7070 6561 722e ar or disappear.\n+00019590: 2020 4d65 6173 7572 6564 2069 6e0a 2020 Measured in. \n+000195a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000195b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2270 6172 726f \"parro\n+000195c0: 7473 222c 2031 2022 7061 7272 6f74 2220 ts\", 1 \"parrot\" \n+000195d0: 3d20 3120 2f20 3235 3620 6f66 2074 6865 = 1 / 256 of the\n+000195e0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+000195f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 756c ful\n+00019600: 6c20 6369 7263 6c65 2e20 2055 7365 2076 l circle. Use v\n+00019610: 616c 7565 7320 2278 7878 2064 6567 2220 alues \"xxx deg\" \n+00019620: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 or. \n+00019630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 \"\n+00019640: 7878 7820 5c78 6332 5c78 6230 2220 746f xxx \\xc2\\xb0\" to\n+00019650: 2073 6574 2074 6865 2061 6e67 6c65 2069 set the angle i\n+00019660: 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n. \n+00019670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 de\n+00019680: 6772 6565 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2062 grees... ... b\n+00019690: 6f6f 745f 6d65 6e75 2044 6973 706c 6179 oot_menu Display\n+000196a0: 7320 7468 6520 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7420 s the GRUB boot \n+000196b0: 6d65 6e75 2e20 2049 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 menu. It allows\n+000196c0: 2073 656c 6563 7469 6e67 2069 7465 6d73 selecting items\n+000196d0: 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 . and execut\n+000196e0: 696e 6720 7468 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 ing them... \n+000196f0: 5072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 Properties:.. \n+00019700: 2020 6974 656d 5f66 6f6e 7420 2020 2020 item_font \n 00019710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019720: 2020 2020 5468 6520 666f 6e74 2074 6f20 The font to \n-00019730: 7573 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 use for the menu\n-00019740: 2069 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 item. \n+00019720: 5468 6520 666f 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 6520 The font to use \n+00019730: 666f 7220 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 for the menu ite\n+00019740: 6d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 m. \n 00019750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6974 6c65 732e titles.\n-00019770: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6c65 6374 6564 5f69 . selected_i\n-00019780: 7465 6d5f 666f 6e74 2020 2020 2020 2020 tem_font \n-00019790: 2020 2020 5468 6520 666f 6e74 2074 6f20 The font to \n-000197a0: 7573 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 7365 6c65 use for the sele\n-000197b0: 6374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 cted. \n+00019760: 2020 2020 2074 6974 6c65 732e 0a20 2020 titles.. \n+00019770: 2020 7365 6c65 6374 6564 5f69 7465 6d5f selected_item_\n+00019780: 666f 6e74 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 font \n+00019790: 5468 6520 666f 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 6520 The font to use \n+000197a0: 666f 7220 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 for the selected\n+000197b0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 000197c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000197d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 menu ite\n-000197e0: 6d2c 206f 7220 2269 6e68 6572 6974 2220 m, or \"inherit\" \n-000197f0: 2874 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 (the. \n+000197d0: 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d2c 206f menu item, o\n+000197e0: 7220 2269 6e68 6572 6974 2220 2874 6865 r \"inherit\" (the\n+000197f0: 0a20 2020 2020 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2020 2020 2054 6865 2077 6964 7468 The width\n+00019a20: 206f 6620 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d20 6963 of menu item ic\n+00019a30: 6f6e 732e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ons.. \n 00019a40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4963 6f6e Icon\n-00019a60: 7320 6172 6520 7363 616c 6564 2074 6f20 s are scaled to \n-00019a70: 7468 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 640a 2020 the specified. \n+00019a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4963 6f6e 7320 6172 Icons ar\n+00019a60: 6520 7363 616c 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 e scaled to the \n+00019a70: 7370 6563 6966 6965 640a 2020 2020 2020 specified. \n 00019a80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019aa0: 2073 697a 652e 0a20 2020 2020 6963 6f6e size.. icon\n-00019ab0: 5f68 6569 6768 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 _height \n-00019ac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6865 The he\n-00019ad0: 6967 6874 206f 6620 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 ight of menu ite\n-00019ae0: 6d20 6963 6f6e 732e 0a20 2020 2020 6974 m icons.. it\n-00019af0: 656d 5f68 6569 6768 7420 2020 2020 2020 em_height \n-00019b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 The \n-00019b10: 6865 6967 6874 206f 6620 6561 6368 206d height of each m\n-00019b20: 656e 7520 6974 656d 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 enu item in. \n+00019a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 697a siz\n+00019aa0: 652e 0a20 2020 2020 6963 6f6e 5f68 6569 e.. icon_hei\n+00019ab0: 6768 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ght \n+00019ac0: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6865 6967 6874 The height\n+00019ad0: 206f 6620 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d20 6963 of menu item ic\n+00019ae0: 6f6e 732e 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 5f68 ons.. item_h\n+00019af0: 6569 6768 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eight \n+00019b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6865 6967 The heig\n+00019b10: 6874 206f 6620 6561 6368 206d 656e 7520 ht of each menu \n+00019b20: 6974 656d 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 item in. \n 00019b30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 p\n-00019b50: 6978 656c 732e 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d ixels.. item\n-00019b60: 5f70 6164 6469 6e67 2020 2020 2020 2020 _padding \n-00019b70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 616d The am\n-00019b80: 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 7370 6163 6520 696e ount of space in\n-00019b90: 2070 6978 656c 7320 746f 0a20 2020 2020 pixels to. \n+00019b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6978 656c pixel\n+00019b50: 732e 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 5f70 6164 s.. item_pad\n+00019b60: 6469 6e67 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ding \n+00019b70: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 616d 6f75 6e74 The amount\n+00019b80: 206f 6620 7370 6163 6520 696e 2070 6978 of space in pix\n+00019b90: 656c 7320 746f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 els to. \n 00019ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019bb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c65 le\n-00019bc0: 6176 6520 6f6e 2065 6163 6820 7369 6465 ave on each side\n-00019bd0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 0a20 2020 of the menu. \n+00019bb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 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\"menu_\n+00019e10: 632e 706e 6722 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 c.png\",. \n 00019e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 \"\n-00019e40: 6d65 6e75 5f77 2e70 6e67 222c 2027 6d65 menu_w.png\", 'me\n-00019e50: 6e75 5f6e 772e 706e 6722 2c20 6574 632e nu_nw.png\", etc.\n-00019e60: 290a 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d5f 7069 786d ). item_pixm\n-00019e70: 6170 5f73 7479 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 ap_style \n-00019e80: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2066 The image f\n-00019e90: 696c 6520 7061 7474 6572 6e20 666f 7220 ile pattern for \n-00019ea0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+00019e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6d65 6e75 \"menu\n+00019e40: 5f77 2e70 6e67 222c 2027 6d65 6e75 5f6e _w.png\", 'menu_n\n+00019e50: 772e 706e 6722 2c20 6574 632e 290a 2020 w.png\", etc.). \n+00019e60: 2020 2069 7465 6d5f 7069 786d 6170 5f73 item_pixmap_s\n+00019e70: 7479 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tyle \n+00019e80: 2054 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 6520 The image file \n+00019e90: 7061 7474 6572 6e20 666f 7220 7468 650a pattern for the.\n+00019ea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00019eb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019ec0: 2020 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d20 7374 796c item styl\n-00019ed0: 6564 2062 6f78 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 656c ed box.. sel\n-00019ee0: 6563 7465 645f 6974 656d 5f70 6978 6d61 ected_item_pixma\n-00019ef0: 705f 7374 796c 6520 2020 2054 6865 2069 p_style The i\n-00019f00: 6d61 6765 2066 696c 6520 7061 7474 6572 mage file patter\n-00019f10: 6e20 666f 7220 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 n for the. \n+00019ec0: 2020 2069 7465 6d20 7374 796c 6564 2062 item styled b\n+00019ed0: 6f78 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 656c 6563 7465 ox.. selecte\n+00019ee0: 645f 6974 656d 5f70 6978 6d61 705f 7374 d_item_pixmap_st\n+00019ef0: 796c 6520 2020 2054 6865 2069 6d61 6765 yle The image\n+00019f00: 2066 696c 6520 7061 7474 6572 6e20 666f file pattern fo\n+00019f10: 7220 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r the. \n 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2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019fa0: 2020 2042 6f6f 6c65 616e 2076 616c 7565 Boolean value\n+00019fb0: 2069 6e64 6963 6174 696e 6720 7768 6574 indicating whet\n+00019fc0: 6865 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 her. \n 00019fd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 the s\n-00019ff0: 6372 6f6c 6c20 6261 7220 7368 6f75 6c64 croll bar should\n-0001a000: 2062 6520 6472 6177 6e20 6966 0a20 2020 be drawn if. \n+00019fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c the scrol\n+00019ff0: 6c20 6261 7220 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 l bar should be \n+0001a000: 6472 6177 6e20 6966 0a20 2020 2020 2020 drawn if. \n 0001a010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a020: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a030: 7468 6520 6672 616d 6520 616e 6420 7468 the frame and th\n-0001a040: 756d 6220 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 6573 umb styled boxes\n-0001a050: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0001a020: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 the \n+0001a030: 6672 616d 6520 616e 6420 7468 756d 6220 frame and thumb \n+0001a040: 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 6573 0a20 2020 styled boxes. \n+0001a050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001a060: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a070: 2020 2020 6172 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 are configur\n-0001a080: 6564 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 ed.. scrollb\n-0001a090: 6172 5f66 7261 6d65 2020 2020 2020 2020 ar_frame \n-0001a0a0: 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2069 6d61 6765 The image\n-0001a0b0: 2066 696c 6520 7061 7474 6572 6e20 666f file pattern fo\n-0001a0c0: 7220 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r the. \n+0001a070: 6172 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2e0a are configured..\n+0001a080: 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f66 scrollbar_f\n+0001a090: 7261 6d65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rame \n+0001a0a0: 2020 2054 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c The image fil\n+0001a0b0: 6520 7061 7474 6572 6e20 666f 7220 7468 e pattern for th\n+0001a0c0: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n 0001a0d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a0e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6e74 6972 6520 entire \n-0001a0f0: 7363 726f 6c6c 2062 6172 2e20 2045 7861 scroll bar. Exa\n-0001a100: 6d70 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mple:. \n+0001a0e0: 2020 2020 2065 6e74 6972 6520 7363 726f entire scro\n+0001a0f0: 6c6c 2062 6172 2e20 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 ll bar. Example\n+0001a100: 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :. \n 0001a110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 7363 726f 6c6c \"scroll\n-0001a130: 6261 725f 2a2e 706e 6722 0a20 2020 2020 bar_*.png\". \n-0001a140: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 756d 6220 scrollbar_thumb \n-0001a150: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 Th\n-0001a160: 6520 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 2070 6174 e image file pat\n-0001a170: 7465 726e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 0a20 2020 tern for the. \n+0001a120: 2020 2020 2022 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f \"scrollbar_\n+0001a130: 2a2e 706e 6722 0a20 2020 2020 7363 726f *.png\". scro\n+0001a140: 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 756d 6220 2020 2020 llbar_thumb \n+0001a150: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 696d The im\n+0001a160: 6167 6520 6669 6c65 2070 6174 7465 726e age file pattern\n+0001a170: 2066 6f72 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 for the. \n 0001a180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a1a0: 7363 726f 6c6c 2062 6172 2074 6875 6d62 scroll bar thumb\n-0001a1b0: 2028 7468 6520 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 (the part of th\n-0001a1c0: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n+0001a190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f scro\n+0001a1a0: 6c6c 2062 6172 2074 6875 6d62 2028 7468 ll bar thumb (th\n+0001a1b0: 6520 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 e part of the. \n+0001a1c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001a1d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a1e0: 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c20 6261 7220 scroll bar \n-0001a1f0: 7468 6174 206d 6f76 6573 2061 7320 7363 that moves as sc\n-0001a200: 726f 6c6c 696e 670a 2020 2020 2020 2020 rolling. \n+0001a1e0: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c20 6261 7220 7468 6174 scroll bar that\n+0001a1f0: 206d 6f76 6573 2061 7320 7363 726f 6c6c moves as scroll\n+0001a200: 696e 670a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ing. \n 0001a210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206f 6363 7572 occur\n-0001a230: 7329 2e20 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 2020 s). Example:. \n+0001a220: 2020 2020 2020 206f 6363 7572 7329 2e20 occurs). \n+0001a230: 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 Example:. \n 0001a240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a260: 2022 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 756d \"scrollbar_thum\n-0001a270: 625f 2a2e 706e 6722 0a20 2020 2020 7363 b_*.png\". sc\n-0001a280: 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 756d 625f 6f76 rollbar_thumb_ov\n-0001a290: 6572 6c61 7920 2020 2020 2020 4966 2074 erlay If t\n-0001a2a0: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 his option is se\n-0001a2b0: 7420 746f 2022 7472 7565 220a 2020 2020 t to \"true\". \n+0001a250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 7363 \"sc\n+0001a260: 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 756d 625f 2a2e rollbar_thumb_*.\n+0001a270: 706e 6722 0a20 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c png\". scroll\n+0001a280: 6261 725f 7468 756d 625f 6f76 6572 6c61 bar_thumb_overla\n+0001a290: 7920 2020 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 y If this \n+0001a2a0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f option is set to\n+0001a2b0: 2022 7472 7565 220a 2020 2020 2020 2020 \"true\". \n 0001a2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 t\n-0001a2e0: 6865 6e20 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 hen the scrollba\n-0001a2f0: 7220 7468 756d 6220 7369 6465 0a20 2020 r thumb side. \n+0001a2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 6e20 then \n+0001a2e0: 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 7468 the scrollbar th\n+0001a2f0: 756d 6220 7369 6465 0a20 2020 2020 2020 umb side. \n 0001a300: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a320: 736c 6963 6573 2028 6576 6572 7920 736c slices (every sl\n-0001a330: 6963 6520 6578 6365 7074 2074 6865 0a20 ice except the. \n+0001a310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 736c 6963 slic\n+0001a320: 6573 2028 6576 6572 7920 736c 6963 6520 es (every slice \n+0001a330: 6578 6365 7074 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 except the. \n 0001a340: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a360: 2020 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 2920 center slice) \n-0001a370: 7769 6c6c 206f 7665 726c 6179 2074 6865 will overlay the\n-0001a380: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0001a350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6365 ce\n+0001a360: 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 2920 7769 6c6c nter slice) will\n+0001a370: 206f 7665 726c 6179 2074 6865 0a20 2020 overlay the. \n+0001a380: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001a390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a3a0: 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 6672 scrollbar fr\n-0001a3b0: 616d 6520 7369 6465 2073 6c69 6365 732e ame side slices.\n-0001a3c0: 2020 416e 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 And. \n+0001a3a0: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 6672 616d 6520 scrollbar frame \n+0001a3b0: 7369 6465 2073 6c69 6365 732e 2020 416e side slices. An\n+0001a3c0: 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d. \n 0001a3d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a3e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 656e the cen\n-0001a3f0: 7465 7220 736c 6963 6520 6f66 2074 6865 ter slice of the\n-0001a400: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0001a3e0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 the center \n+0001a3f0: 736c 6963 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 slice of the. \n+0001a400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001a410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a420: 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 scrollbar_th\n-0001a430: 756d 6220 6361 6e20 6d6f 7665 2061 6c6c umb can move all\n-0001a440: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+0001a420: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 756d 6220 scrollbar_thumb \n+0001a430: 6361 6e20 6d6f 7665 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 can move all the\n+0001a440: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 0001a450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7761 7920 2866 726f way (fro\n-0001a470: 6d20 746f 7020 746f 2062 6f74 746f 6d29 m top to bottom)\n-0001a480: 2c20 6265 696e 670a 2020 2020 2020 2020 , being. \n+0001a460: 2020 2020 7761 7920 2866 726f 6d20 746f way (from to\n+0001a470: 7020 746f 2062 6f74 746f 6d29 2c20 6265 p to bottom), be\n+0001a480: 696e 670a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ing. \n 0001a490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a4a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 7261 776e drawn\n-0001a4b0: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 on the center s\n-0001a4c0: 6c69 6365 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 lice of the. \n+0001a4a0: 2020 2020 2020 2064 7261 776e 206f 6e20 drawn on \n+0001a4b0: 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 the center slice\n+0001a4c0: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 of the. \n 0001a4d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n-0001a4f0: 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2066 7261 6d65 2e20 crollbar frame. \n-0001a500: 2054 6861 7420 7761 7920 7765 2063 616e That way we can\n-0001a510: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0001a4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c scrol\n+0001a4f0: 6c62 6172 2066 7261 6d65 2e20 2054 6861 lbar frame. Tha\n+0001a500: 7420 7761 7920 7765 2063 616e 0a20 2020 t way we can. \n+0001a510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001a520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a530: 2020 2020 6d61 6b65 2061 2073 6372 6f6c make a scrol\n-0001a540: 6c62 6172 2077 6974 6820 726f 756e 642d lbar with round-\n-0001a550: 7368 6170 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 shaped. \n+0001a530: 6d61 6b65 2061 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 make a scrollbar\n+0001a540: 2077 6974 6820 726f 756e 642d 7368 6170 with round-shap\n+0001a550: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ed. \n 0001a560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6564 6765 7320 edges \n-0001a580: 736f 2074 6865 7265 2077 6f6e 2774 2062 so there won't b\n-0001a590: 6520 6120 6672 6565 0a20 2020 2020 2020 e a free. \n+0001a570: 2020 2020 2020 6564 6765 7320 736f 2074 edges so t\n+0001a580: 6865 7265 2077 6f6e 2774 2062 6520 6120 here won't be a \n+0001a590: 6672 6565 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 free. \n 0001a5a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a5b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7370 6163 spac\n-0001a5c0: 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2074 6875 6d62 e from the thumb\n-0001a5d0: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6672 616d 650a 2020 to the frame. \n+0001a5b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7370 6163 6520 6672 space fr\n+0001a5c0: 6f6d 2074 6865 2074 6875 6d62 2074 6f20 om the thumb to \n+0001a5d0: 7468 6520 6672 616d 650a 2020 2020 2020 the frame. \n 0001a5e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a5f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a600: 2069 6e20 746f 7020 616e 6420 626f 7474 in top and bott\n-0001a610: 6f6d 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 0a20 2020 om scrollbar. \n+0001a5f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e20 in \n+0001a600: 746f 7020 616e 6420 626f 7474 6f6d 2073 top and bottom s\n+0001a610: 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 0a20 2020 2020 2020 crollbar. \n 0001a620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a640: 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 4465 6661 positions. Defa\n-0001a650: 756c 7420 6973 2022 6661 6c73 6522 2e0a ult is \"false\"..\n-0001a660: 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f73 scrollbar_s\n-0001a670: 6c69 6365 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lice \n-0001a680: 2020 2054 6865 206d 656e 7520 6672 616d The menu fram\n-0001a690: 6520 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2773 2073 e styled box's s\n-0001a6a0: 6c69 6365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lice. \n+0001a630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 706f 7369 posi\n+0001a640: 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 4465 6661 756c 7420 tions. Default \n+0001a650: 6973 2022 6661 6c73 6522 2e0a 2020 2020 is \"false\".. \n+0001a660: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f73 6c69 6365 scrollbar_slice\n+0001a670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 T\n+0001a680: 6865 206d 656e 7520 6672 616d 6520 7374 he menu frame st\n+0001a690: 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2773 2073 6c69 6365 yled box's slice\n+0001a6a0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 0001a6b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a6c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 2077 6869 6368 in which\n-0001a6d0: 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2077 the scrollbar w\n-0001a6e0: 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ill be. \n+0001a6c0: 2020 2020 696e 2077 6869 6368 2074 6865 in which the\n+0001a6d0: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2077 696c 6c20 scrollbar will \n+0001a6e0: 6265 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 be. \n 0001a6f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6472 6177 6e2e drawn.\n-0001a710: 2020 506f 7373 6962 6c65 2076 616c 7565 Possible value\n-0001a720: 7320 6172 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s are. \n+0001a700: 2020 2020 2020 6472 6177 6e2e 2020 506f drawn. Po\n+0001a710: 7373 6962 6c65 2076 616c 7565 7320 6172 ssible values ar\n+0001a720: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n 0001a730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 7765 7374 222c \"west\",\n-0001a750: 2022 6365 6e74 6572 222c 2022 6561 7374 \"center\", \"east\n-0001a760: 220a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \". \n+0001a740: 2020 2020 2022 7765 7374 222c 2022 6365 \"west\", \"ce\n+0001a750: 6e74 6572 222c 2022 6561 7374 220a 2020 nter\", \"east\". \n+0001a760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001a770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a780: 2020 2020 2028 6465 6661 756c 7429 2e20 (default). \n-0001a790: 2022 7765 7374 2220 2d20 7468 6520 7363 \"west\" - the sc\n-0001a7a0: 726f 6c6c 6261 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 rollbar. \n+0001a780: 2028 6465 6661 756c 7429 2e20 2022 7765 (default). \"we\n+0001a790: 7374 2220 2d20 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c st\" - the scroll\n+0001a7a0: 6261 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 bar. \n 0001a7b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a7c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 will \n-0001a7d0: 6265 2064 7261 776e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 be drawn in the \n-0001a7e0: 7765 7374 2073 6c69 6365 0a20 2020 2020 west slice. \n+0001a7c0: 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 will be d\n+0001a7d0: 7261 776e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7765 7374 rawn in the west\n+0001a7e0: 2073 6c69 6365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 slice. \n 0001a7f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2872 (r\n-0001a810: 6967 6874 2d61 6c69 676e 6564 292e 2020 ight-aligned). \n-0001a820: 2265 6173 7422 202d 2074 6865 0a20 2020 \"east\" - the. \n+0001a800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2872 6967 6874 (right\n+0001a810: 2d61 6c69 676e 6564 292e 2020 2265 6173 -aligned). \"eas\n+0001a820: 7422 202d 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 t\" - the. \n 0001a830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a850: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 7769 6c6c 2062 scrollbar will b\n-0001a860: 6520 6472 6177 6e20 696e 2074 6865 0a20 e drawn in the. \n+0001a840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f scro\n+0001a850: 6c6c 6261 7220 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6472 llbar will be dr\n+0001a860: 6177 6e20 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 awn in the. \n 0001a870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a890: 2020 6561 7374 2073 6c69 6365 2028 6c65 east slice (le\n-0001a8a0: 6674 2d61 6c69 676e 6564 292e 0a20 2020 ft-aligned).. \n+0001a880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6561 ea\n+0001a890: 7374 2073 6c69 6365 2028 6c65 6674 2d61 st slice (left-a\n+0001a8a0: 6c69 676e 6564 292e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ligned).. \n 0001a8b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a8c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a8d0: 2263 656e 7465 7222 202d 2074 6865 2073 \"center\" - the s\n-0001a8e0: 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2077 696c 6c20 6265 crollbar will be\n-0001a8f0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0001a8c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2263 656e \"cen\n+0001a8d0: 7465 7222 202d 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c ter\" - the scrol\n+0001a8e0: 6c62 6172 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 lbar will be. \n+0001a8f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001a900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a910: 2020 2020 6472 6177 6e20 696e 2074 6865 drawn in the\n-0001a920: 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 652e 2020 center slice. \n-0001a930: 4e6f 7465 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 Note:. \n+0001a910: 6472 6177 6e20 696e 2074 6865 2063 656e drawn in the cen\n+0001a920: 7465 7220 736c 6963 652e 2020 4e6f 7465 ter slice. Note\n+0001a930: 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :. \n 0001a940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e20 6361 7365 in case\n-0001a960: 206f 6620 2263 656e 7465 7222 2073 6c69 of \"center\" sli\n-0001a970: 6365 3a20 6129 2049 660a 2020 2020 2020 ce: a) If. \n+0001a950: 2020 2020 2069 6e20 6361 7365 206f 6620 in case of \n+0001a960: 2263 656e 7465 7222 2073 6c69 6365 3a20 \"center\" slice: \n+0001a970: 6129 2049 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 a) If. \n 0001a980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 the\n-0001a9a0: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2073 686f 756c scrollbar shoul\n-0001a9b0: 6420 6265 2064 7261 776e 2074 6865 6e0a d be drawn then.\n+0001a990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 6372 the scr\n+0001a9a0: 6f6c 6c62 6172 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 ollbar should be\n+0001a9b0: 2064 7261 776e 2074 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 drawn then. \n 0001a9c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a9d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a9e0: 2020 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 boot menu ent\n-0001a9f0: 7279 2773 2077 6964 7468 2069 730a 2020 ry's width is. \n+0001a9d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 b\n+0001a9e0: 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2773 oot menu entry's\n+0001a9f0: 2077 6964 7468 2069 730a 2020 2020 2020 width is. \n 0001aa00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aa10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aa20: 2064 6563 7265 6173 6564 2062 7920 7468 decreased by th\n-0001aa30: 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7227 7320 7769 e scrollbar's wi\n-0001aa40: 6474 680a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dth. \n+0001aa10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 6563 dec\n+0001aa20: 7265 6173 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 7363 reased by the sc\n+0001aa30: 726f 6c6c 6261 7227 7320 7769 6474 680a rollbar's width.\n+0001aa40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001aa50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aa60: 2020 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2073 and the s\n-0001aa70: 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2069 7320 6472 6177 crollbar is draw\n-0001aa80: 6e20 6174 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 n at the. \n+0001aa60: 2020 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c and the scrol\n+0001aa70: 6c62 6172 2069 7320 6472 6177 6e20 6174 lbar is drawn at\n+0001aa80: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n 0001aa90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aaa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7269 6768 righ\n-0001aab0: 7420 7369 6465 206f 6620 7468 6520 6365 t side of the ce\n-0001aac0: 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 2e0a 2020 2020 nter slice.. \n+0001aaa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7269 6768 7420 7369 right si\n+0001aab0: 6465 206f 6620 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 de of the center\n+0001aac0: 2073 6c69 6365 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 slice.. \n 0001aad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 b\n-0001aaf0: 2920 4966 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 ) If the scrollb\n-0001ab00: 6172 2077 6f6e 2774 2062 6520 6472 6177 ar won't be draw\n-0001ab10: 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n. \n+0001aae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 2920 4966 b) If\n+0001aaf0: 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2077 the scrollbar w\n+0001ab00: 6f6e 2774 2062 6520 6472 6177 6e0a 2020 on't be drawn. \n+0001ab10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001ab20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ab30: 2020 2020 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 626f then the bo\n-0001ab40: 6f74 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7927 7320 ot menu entry's \n-0001ab50: 7769 6474 680a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 width. \n+0001ab30: 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 626f 6f74 206d then the boot m\n+0001ab40: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7927 7320 7769 6474 enu entry's widt\n+0001ab50: 680a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 h. \n 0001ab60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ab70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 7320 7468 6520 is the \n-0001ab80: 7769 6474 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2063 656e width of the cen\n-0001ab90: 7465 7220 736c 6963 652e 0a20 2020 2020 ter slice.. \n+0001ab70: 2020 2020 2069 7320 7468 6520 7769 6474 is the widt\n+0001ab80: 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 h of the center \n+0001ab90: 736c 6963 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 slice.. \n 0001aba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001abb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6329 c)\n-0001abc0: 2057 6520 646f 6e27 7420 6e65 6365 7373 We don't necess\n-0001abd0: 6172 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6865 0a20 2020 ary need the. \n+0001abb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6329 2057 6520 c) We \n+0001abc0: 646f 6e27 7420 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 don't necessary \n+0001abd0: 6e65 6564 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 need the. \n 0001abe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001abf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ac00: 6d65 6e75 2070 6978 6d61 7020 626f 7820 menu pixmap box \n-0001ac10: 746f 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 0a20 to display the. \n+0001abf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 menu\n+0001ac00: 2070 6978 6d61 7020 626f 7820 746f 2064 pixmap box to d\n+0001ac10: 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 isplay the. \n 0001ac20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ac30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ac40: 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 722e 0a20 2020 scrollbar.. \n-0001ac50: 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 6c65 6674 scrollbar_left\n-0001ac60: 5f70 6164 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _pad \n-0001ac70: 5468 6520 6c65 6674 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 The left scrollb\n-0001ac80: 6172 2070 6164 6469 6e67 2069 6e0a 2020 ar padding in. \n+0001ac30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 sc\n+0001ac40: 726f 6c6c 6261 722e 0a20 2020 2020 7363 rollbar.. sc\n+0001ac50: 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 6c65 6674 5f70 6164 rollbar_left_pad\n+0001ac60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 The \n+0001ac70: 6c65 6674 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 left scrollbar p\n+0001ac80: 6164 6469 6e67 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 adding in. \n 0001ac90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001acb0: 2070 6978 656c 732e 2020 556e 7573 6564 pixels. Unused\n-0001acc0: 2069 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 if. \n+0001aca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6978 pix\n+0001acb0: 656c 732e 2020 556e 7573 6564 2069 660a els. Unused if.\n+0001acc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001acd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ace0: 2020 2020 2020 2022 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 \"scrollba\n-0001acf0: 725f 736c 6963 6522 2069 7320 2277 6573 r_slice\" is \"wes\n-0001ad00: 7422 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 t\".. scrollb\n-0001ad10: 6172 5f72 6967 6874 5f70 6164 2020 2020 ar_right_pad \n-0001ad20: 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2072 6967 6874 The right\n-0001ad30: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 6164 6469 scrollbar paddi\n-0001ad40: 6e67 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ng in. \n+0001ace0: 2020 2022 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 736c \"scrollbar_sl\n+0001acf0: 6963 6522 2069 7320 2277 6573 7422 2e0a ice\" is \"west\"..\n+0001ad00: 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f72 scrollbar_r\n+0001ad10: 6967 6874 5f70 6164 2020 2020 2020 2020 ight_pad \n+0001ad20: 2020 2054 6865 2072 6967 6874 2073 6372 The right scr\n+0001ad30: 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 6164 6469 6e67 2069 ollbar padding i\n+0001ad40: 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n. \n 0001ad50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ad60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6978 656c 732e pixels.\n-0001ad70: 2020 556e 7573 6564 2069 660a 2020 2020 Unused if. \n+0001ad60: 2020 2020 2070 6978 656c 732e 2020 556e pixels. Un\n+0001ad70: 7573 6564 2069 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 used if. \n 0001ad80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ad90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 \"\n-0001ada0: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 736c 6963 6522 scrollbar_slice\"\n-0001adb0: 2069 7320 2265 6173 7422 2e0a 2020 2020 is \"east\".. \n-0001adc0: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f74 6f70 5f70 scrollbar_top_p\n-0001add0: 6164 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 ad T\n-0001ade0: 6865 2074 6f70 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 he top scrollbar\n-0001adf0: 2070 6164 6469 6e67 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 padding in. \n+0001ad90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 7363 726f \"scro\n+0001ada0: 6c6c 6261 725f 736c 6963 6522 2069 7320 llbar_slice\" is \n+0001adb0: 2265 6173 7422 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 \"east\".. scr\n+0001adc0: 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f74 6f70 5f70 6164 2020 ollbar_top_pad \n+0001add0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2074 The t\n+0001ade0: 6f70 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 6164 op scrollbar pad\n+0001adf0: 6469 6e67 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ding in. \n 0001ae00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ae10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 p\n-0001ae20: 6978 656c 732e 0a20 2020 2020 7363 726f ixels.. scro\n-0001ae30: 6c6c 6261 725f 626f 7474 6f6d 5f70 6164 llbar_bottom_pad\n-0001ae40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 626f The bo\n-0001ae50: 7474 6f6d 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 ttom scrollbar p\n-0001ae60: 6164 6469 6e67 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 adding in. \n+0001ae10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6978 656c pixel\n+0001ae20: 732e 0a20 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 s.. scrollba\n+0001ae30: 725f 626f 7474 6f6d 5f70 6164 2020 2020 r_bottom_pad \n+0001ae40: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 626f 7474 6f6d The bottom\n+0001ae50: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 6164 6469 scrollbar paddi\n+0001ae60: 6e67 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ng in. \n 0001ae70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ae80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6978 pix\n-0001ae90: 656c 732e 0a20 2020 2020 7669 7369 626c els.. visibl\n-0001aea0: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e \n-0001aeb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 746f 2022 Set to \"\n-0001aec0: 6661 6c73 6522 2074 6f20 6869 6465 2074 false\" to hide t\n-0001aed0: 6865 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 he boot. \n+0001ae80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6978 656c 732e pixels.\n+0001ae90: 0a20 2020 2020 7669 7369 626c 6520 2020 . visible \n+0001aea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001aeb0: 2020 2020 5365 7420 746f 2022 6661 6c73 Set to \"fals\n+0001aec0: 6522 2074 6f20 6869 6465 2074 6865 2062 e\" to hide the b\n+0001aed0: 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oot. \n 0001aee0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 656e 752e menu.\n-0001af00: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2063 616e 7661 7320 .. ... canvas \n-0001af10: 4361 6e76 6173 2069 7320 6120 636f 6e74 Canvas is a cont\n-0001af20: 6169 6e65 7220 7468 6174 2061 6c6c 6f77 ainer that allow\n-0001af30: 7320 6d61 6e75 616c 2070 6c61 6365 6d65 s manual placeme\n-0001af40: 6e74 206f 660a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 706f nt of. compo\n-0001af50: 6e65 6e74 7320 7769 7468 696e 2069 742e nents within it.\n-0001af60: 2020 4974 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 616c It does not al\n-0001af70: 7465 7220 7468 6520 706f 7369 7469 6f6e ter the position\n-0001af80: 7320 6f66 2069 7473 2063 6869 6c64 0a20 s of its child. \n-0001af90: 2020 2020 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2e20 components. \n-0001afa0: 2049 7420 6173 7369 676e 7320 616c 6c20 It assigns all \n-0001afb0: 6368 696c 6420 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 child components\n-0001afc0: 2074 6865 6972 2070 7265 6665 7272 6564 their preferred\n-0001afd0: 2073 697a 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 sizes... ... \n-0001afe0: 6862 6f78 2054 6865 202a 6862 6f78 2a20 hbox The *hbox* \n-0001aff0: 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 7220 6c61 7973 206f container lays o\n-0001b000: 7574 2069 7473 2063 6869 6c64 7265 6e20 ut its children \n-0001b010: 6672 6f6d 206c 6566 7420 746f 2072 6967 from left to rig\n-0001b020: 6874 2c0a 2020 2020 2067 6976 696e 6720 ht,. giving \n-0001b030: 6561 6368 206f 6e65 2069 7473 2070 7265 each one its pre\n-0001b040: 6665 7272 6564 2077 6964 7468 2e20 2054 ferred width. T\n-0001b050: 6865 2068 6569 6768 7420 6f66 2065 6163 he height of eac\n-0001b060: 6820 6368 696c 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 h child is. \n-0001b070: 7365 7420 746f 2074 6865 206d 6178 696d set to the maxim\n-0001b080: 756d 206f 6620 7468 6520 7072 6566 6572 um of the prefer\n-0001b090: 7265 6420 6865 6967 6874 7320 6f66 2061 red heights of a\n-0001b0a0: 6c6c 2063 6869 6c64 7265 6e2e 0a0a 2020 ll children... \n-0001b0b0: 20e2 80a2 2076 626f 7820 5468 6520 2a76 ... vbox The *v\n-0001b0c0: 626f 782a 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 206c box* container l\n-0001b0d0: 6179 7320 6f75 7420 6974 7320 6368 696c ays out its chil\n-0001b0e0: 6472 656e 2066 726f 6d20 746f 7020 746f dren from top to\n-0001b0f0: 2062 6f74 746f 6d2c 0a20 2020 2020 6769 bottom,. gi\n-0001b100: 7669 6e67 2065 6163 6820 6f6e 6520 6974 ving each one it\n-0001b110: 7320 7072 6566 6572 7265 6420 6865 6967 s preferred heig\n-0001b120: 6874 2e20 2054 6865 2077 6964 7468 206f ht. The width o\n-0001b130: 6620 6561 6368 2063 6869 6c64 2069 730a f each child is.\n-0001b140: 2020 2020 2073 6574 2074 6f20 7468 6520 set to the \n-0001b150: 6d61 7869 6d75 6d20 6f66 2074 6865 2070 maximum of the p\n-0001b160: 7265 6665 7272 6564 2077 6964 7468 7320 referred widths \n-0001b170: 6f66 2061 6c6c 2063 6869 6c64 7265 6e2e of all children.\n-0001b180: 0a0a 372e 332e 3620 436f 6d6d 6f6e 2070 ..7.3.6 Common p\n-0001b190: 726f 7065 7274 6965 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d roperties.------\n-0001b1a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0001b1b0: 2d0a 0a54 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 -..The following\n-0001b1c0: 2070 726f 7065 7274 6965 7320 6172 6520 properties are \n-0001b1d0: 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6279 2061 6c6c supported by all\n-0001b1e0: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 733a 0ae2 8098 components:....\n-0001b1f0: 6c65 6674 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 left.... The\n-0001b200: 2064 6973 7461 6e63 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 distance from t\n-0001b210: 6865 206c 6566 7420 626f 7264 6572 206f he left border o\n-0001b220: 6620 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 7220 746f 206c f container to l\n-0001b230: 6566 7420 626f 7264 6572 206f 660a 2020 eft border of. \n-0001b240: 2020 2074 6865 206f 626a 6563 7420 696e the object in\n-0001b250: 2065 6974 6865 7220 6f66 2074 6872 6565 either of three\n-0001b260: 2066 6f72 6d61 7473 3a0a 2020 2020 2078 formats:. x\n-0001b270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5661 Va\n-0001b280: 6c75 6520 696e 2070 6978 656c 730a 2020 lue in pixels. \n-0001b290: 2020 2070 2520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p% \n-0001b2a0: 2020 5065 7263 656e 7461 6765 0a20 2020 Percentage. \n-0001b2b0: 2020 7025 2b78 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p%+x \n-0001b2c0: 206d 6978 7475 7265 206f 6620 626f 7468 mixture of both\n-0001b2d0: 0ae2 8098 746f 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 ....top.... \n-0001b2e0: 5468 6520 6469 7374 616e 6365 2066 726f The distance fro\n-0001b2f0: 6d20 7468 6520 6c65 6674 2062 6f72 6465 m the left borde\n-0001b300: 7220 6f66 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 2074 r of container t\n-0001b310: 6f20 6c65 6674 2062 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 o left border of\n-0001b320: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6f62 6a65 6374 . the object\n-0001b330: 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 2066 6f72 6d61 742e in same format.\n-0001b340: 0ae2 8098 7769 6474 68e2 8099 0a20 2020 ....width.... \n-0001b350: 2020 5468 6520 7769 6474 6820 6f66 206f The width of o\n-0001b360: 626a 6563 7420 696e 2073 616d 6520 666f bject in same fo\n-0001b370: 726d 6174 2e0a e280 9868 6569 6768 74e2 rmat.....height.\n-0001b380: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6865 6967 ... The heig\n-0001b390: 6874 206f 6620 6f62 6a65 6374 2069 6e20 ht of object in \n-0001b3a0: 7361 6d65 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 0ae2 8098 same format.....\n-0001b3b0: 6964 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2069 id.... The i\n-0001b3c0: 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 666f 7220 7468 dentifier for th\n-0001b3d0: 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 742e 2020 5468 e component. Th\n-0001b3e0: 6973 2063 616e 2062 6520 616e 7920 6172 is can be any ar\n-0001b3f0: 6269 7472 6172 790a 2020 2020 2073 7472 bitrary. str\n-0001b400: 696e 672e 2020 5468 6520 4944 2063 616e ing. The ID can\n-0001b410: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2062 7920 7363 7269 be used by scri\n-0001b420: 7074 7320 746f 2072 6566 6572 2074 6f20 pts to refer to \n-0001b430: 7661 7269 6f75 730a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d various. com\n-0001b440: 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 696e 2074 6865 2047 ponents in the G\n-0001b450: 5549 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2074 7265 UI component tre\n-0001b460: 652e 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c 792c 2074 e. Currently, t\n-0001b470: 6865 7265 2069 7320 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 here is one. \n-0001b480: 2073 7065 6369 616c 2049 4420 7661 6c75 special ID valu\n-0001b490: 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 7265 636f e that GRUB reco\n-0001b4a0: 676e 697a 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 225f gnizes:.. \"_\n-0001b4b0: 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 2043 6f6d _timeout__\" Com\n-0001b4c0: 706f 6e65 6e74 2077 6974 6820 7468 6973 ponent with this\n-0001b4d0: 2049 4420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7570 6461 ID will be upda\n-0001b4e0: 7465 6420 6279 2047 5255 420a 2020 2020 ted by GRUB. \n-0001b4f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001b500: 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 2069 6e64 6963 6174 and will indicat\n-0001b510: 6520 7469 6d65 2065 6c61 7073 6564 2074 e time elapsed t\n-0001b520: 6f20 616e 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c o an automatical\n-0001b530: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-0001b540: 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 7420 6f66 2074 6865 boot of the\n-0001b550: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 default entry. \n-0001b560: 2041 6666 6563 7465 6420 636f 6d70 6f6e Affected compon\n-0001b570: 656e 7473 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ents:. \n-0001b580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 226c 6162 656c \"label\n-0001b590: 222c 2022 6369 7263 756c 6172 5f70 726f \", \"circular_pro\n-0001b5a0: 6772 6573 7322 2c20 2270 726f 6772 6573 gress\", \"progres\n-0001b5b0: 735f 6261 7222 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a s_bar\".....File:\n-0001b5c0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0001b5d0: 653a 204e 6574 776f 726b 2c20 204e 6578 e: Network, Nex\n-0001b5e0: 743a 2053 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e t: Serial termin\n-0001b5f0: 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2054 6865 6d65 al, Prev: Theme\n-0001b600: 2066 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 2c20 2055 file format, U\n-0001b610: 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3820 426f 6f74 696e p: Top..8 Bootin\n-0001b620: 6720 4752 5542 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 g GRUB from the \n-0001b630: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a network.********\n+0001aef0: 2020 2020 2020 206d 656e 752e 0a0a 2020 menu... \n+0001af00: 20e2 80a2 2063 616e 7661 7320 4361 6e76 ... canvas Canv\n+0001af10: 6173 2069 7320 6120 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 as is a containe\n+0001af20: 7220 7468 6174 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 6d61 r that allows ma\n+0001af30: 6e75 616c 2070 6c61 6365 6d65 6e74 206f nual placement o\n+0001af40: 660a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 f. component\n+0001af50: 7320 7769 7468 696e 2069 742e 2020 4974 s within it. It\n+0001af60: 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 616c 7465 7220 does not alter \n+0001af70: 7468 6520 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 7320 6f66 the positions of\n+0001af80: 2069 7473 2063 6869 6c64 0a20 2020 2020 its child. \n+0001af90: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2e20 2049 7420 components. It \n+0001afa0: 6173 7369 676e 7320 616c 6c20 6368 696c assigns all chil\n+0001afb0: 6420 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2074 6865 d components the\n+0001afc0: 6972 2070 7265 6665 7272 6564 2073 697a ir preferred siz\n+0001afd0: 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6862 6f78 es... ... hbox\n+0001afe0: 2054 6865 202a 6862 6f78 2a20 636f 6e74 The *hbox* cont\n+0001aff0: 6169 6e65 7220 6c61 7973 206f 7574 2069 ainer lays out i\n+0001b000: 7473 2063 6869 6c64 7265 6e20 6672 6f6d ts children from\n+0001b010: 206c 6566 7420 746f 2072 6967 6874 2c0a left to right,.\n+0001b020: 2020 2020 2067 6976 696e 6720 6561 6368 giving each\n+0001b030: 206f 6e65 2069 7473 2070 7265 6665 7272 one its preferr\n+0001b040: 6564 2077 6964 7468 2e20 2054 6865 2068 ed width. The h\n+0001b050: 6569 6768 7420 6f66 2065 6163 6820 6368 eight of each ch\n+0001b060: 696c 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 ild is. set \n+0001b070: 746f 2074 6865 206d 6178 696d 756d 206f to the maximum o\n+0001b080: 6620 7468 6520 7072 6566 6572 7265 6420 f the preferred \n+0001b090: 6865 6967 6874 7320 6f66 2061 6c6c 2063 heights of all c\n+0001b0a0: 6869 6c64 7265 6e2e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 hildren... ...\n+0001b0b0: 2076 626f 7820 5468 6520 2a76 626f 782a vbox The *vbox*\n+0001b0c0: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 206c 6179 7320 container lays \n+0001b0d0: 6f75 7420 6974 7320 6368 696c 6472 656e out its children\n+0001b0e0: 2066 726f 6d20 746f 7020 746f 2062 6f74 from top to bot\n+0001b0f0: 746f 6d2c 0a20 2020 2020 6769 7669 6e67 tom,. giving\n+0001b100: 2065 6163 6820 6f6e 6520 6974 7320 7072 each one its pr\n+0001b110: 6566 6572 7265 6420 6865 6967 6874 2e20 eferred height. \n+0001b120: 2054 6865 2077 6964 7468 206f 6620 6561 The width of ea\n+0001b130: 6368 2063 6869 6c64 2069 730a 2020 2020 ch child is. \n+0001b140: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6d61 7869 set to the maxi\n+0001b150: 6d75 6d20 6f66 2074 6865 2070 7265 6665 mum of the prefe\n+0001b160: 7272 6564 2077 6964 7468 7320 6f66 2061 rred widths of a\n+0001b170: 6c6c 2063 6869 6c64 7265 6e2e 0a0a 372e ll children...7.\n+0001b180: 332e 3620 436f 6d6d 6f6e 2070 726f 7065 3.6 Common prope\n+0001b190: 7274 6965 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rties.----------\n+0001b1a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 -------------..T\n+0001b1b0: 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2070 726f he following pro\n+0001b1c0: 7065 7274 6965 7320 6172 6520 7375 7070 perties are supp\n+0001b1d0: 6f72 7465 6420 6279 2061 6c6c 2063 6f6d orted by all com\n+0001b1e0: 706f 6e65 6e74 733a 0ae2 8098 6c65 6674 ponents:....left\n+0001b1f0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6973 .... The dis\n+0001b200: 7461 6e63 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 206c tance from the l\n+0001b210: 6566 7420 626f 7264 6572 206f 6620 636f eft border of co\n+0001b220: 6e74 6169 6e65 7220 746f 206c 6566 7420 ntainer to left \n+0001b230: 626f 7264 6572 206f 660a 2020 2020 2074 border of. t\n+0001b240: 6865 206f 626a 6563 7420 696e 2065 6974 he object in eit\n+0001b250: 6865 7220 6f66 2074 6872 6565 2066 6f72 her of three for\n+0001b260: 6d61 7473 3a0a 2020 2020 2078 2020 2020 mats:. x \n+0001b270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5661 6c75 6520 Value \n+0001b280: 696e 2070 6978 656c 730a 2020 2020 2070 in pixels. p\n+0001b290: 2520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5065 % Pe\n+0001b2a0: 7263 656e 7461 6765 0a20 2020 2020 7025 rcentage. p%\n+0001b2b0: 2b78 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 6978 +x mix\n+0001b2c0: 7475 7265 206f 6620 626f 7468 0ae2 8098 ture of both....\n+0001b2d0: 746f 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 top.... The \n+0001b2e0: 6469 7374 616e 6365 2066 726f 6d20 7468 distance from th\n+0001b2f0: 6520 6c65 6674 2062 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 e left border of\n+0001b300: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 2074 6f20 6c65 container to le\n+0001b310: 6674 2062 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 0a20 2020 ft border of. \n+0001b320: 2020 7468 6520 6f62 6a65 6374 2069 6e20 the object in \n+0001b330: 7361 6d65 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 0ae2 8098 same format.....\n+0001b340: 7769 6474 68e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 width.... Th\n+0001b350: 6520 7769 6474 6820 6f66 206f 626a 6563 e width of objec\n+0001b360: 7420 696e 2073 616d 6520 666f 726d 6174 t in same format\n+0001b370: 2e0a e280 9868 6569 6768 74e2 8099 0a20 .....height.... \n+0001b380: 2020 2020 5468 6520 6865 6967 6874 206f The height o\n+0001b390: 6620 6f62 6a65 6374 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 f object in same\n+0001b3a0: 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 0ae2 8098 6964 e280 format.....id..\n+0001b3b0: 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2069 6465 6e74 .. The ident\n+0001b3c0: 6966 6965 7220 666f 7220 7468 6520 636f ifier for the co\n+0001b3d0: 6d70 6f6e 656e 742e 2020 5468 6973 2063 mponent. This c\n+0001b3e0: 616e 2062 6520 616e 7920 6172 6269 7472 an be any arbitr\n+0001b3f0: 6172 790a 2020 2020 2073 7472 696e 672e ary. string.\n+0001b400: 2020 5468 6520 4944 2063 616e 2062 6520 The ID can be \n+0001b410: 7573 6564 2062 7920 7363 7269 7074 7320 used by scripts \n+0001b420: 746f 2072 6566 6572 2074 6f20 7661 7269 to refer to vari\n+0001b430: 6f75 730a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 ous. compone\n+0001b440: 6e74 7320 696e 2074 6865 2047 5549 2063 nts in the GUI c\n+0001b450: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2074 7265 652e 2020 omponent tree. \n+0001b460: 4375 7272 656e 746c 792c 2074 6865 7265 Currently, there\n+0001b470: 2069 7320 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2073 7065 is one. spe\n+0001b480: 6369 616c 2049 4420 7661 6c75 6520 7468 cial ID value th\n+0001b490: 6174 2047 5255 4220 7265 636f 676e 697a at GRUB recogniz\n+0001b4a0: 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 225f 5f74 696d es:.. \"__tim\n+0001b4b0: 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 2043 6f6d 706f 6e65 eout__\" Compone\n+0001b4c0: 6e74 2077 6974 6820 7468 6973 2049 4420 nt with this ID \n+0001b4d0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7570 6461 7465 6420 will be updated \n+0001b4e0: 6279 2047 5255 420a 2020 2020 2020 2020 by GRUB. \n+0001b4f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 616e 6420 and \n+0001b500: 7769 6c6c 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6520 7469 will indicate ti\n+0001b510: 6d65 2065 6c61 7073 6564 2074 6f20 616e me elapsed to an\n+0001b520: 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 0a20 2020 automatical. \n+0001b530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001b540: 2062 6f6f 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6566 boot of the def\n+0001b550: 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 2041 6666 ault entry. Aff\n+0001b560: 6563 7465 6420 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 ected components\n+0001b570: 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :. \n+0001b580: 2020 2020 2020 226c 6162 656c 222c 2022 \"label\", \"\n+0001b590: 6369 7263 756c 6172 5f70 726f 6772 6573 circular_progres\n+0001b5a0: 7322 2c20 2270 726f 6772 6573 735f 6261 s\", \"progress_ba\n+0001b5b0: 7222 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 r\".....File: gru\n+0001b5c0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204e b.info, Node: N\n+0001b5d0: 6574 776f 726b 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2053 etwork, Next: S\n+0001b5e0: 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2c20 erial terminal, \n+0001b5f0: 2050 7265 763a 2054 6865 6d65 2066 696c Prev: Theme fil\n+0001b600: 6520 666f 726d 6174 2c20 2055 703a 2054 e format, Up: T\n+0001b610: 6f70 0a0a 3820 426f 6f74 696e 6720 4752 op..8 Booting GR\n+0001b620: 5542 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6e65 7477 UB from the netw\n+0001b630: 6f72 6b0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ork.************\n 0001b640: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001b650: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 2066 6f6c *******..The fol\n-0001b660: 6c6f 7769 6e67 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 lowing instructi\n-0001b670: 6f6e 7320 646f 6e27 7420 776f 726b 2066 ons don't work f\n-0001b680: 6f72 202a 2d65 6d75 2c20 6933 3836 2d71 or *-emu, i386-q\n-0001b690: 656d 752c 0a69 3338 362d 636f 7265 626f emu,.i386-corebo\n-0001b6a0: 6f74 2c20 6933 3836 2d6d 756c 7469 626f ot, i386-multibo\n-0001b6b0: 6f74 2c20 6d69 7073 5f6c 6f6f 6e67 736f ot, mips_loongso\n-0001b6c0: 6e2c 206d 6970 732d 6172 6320 616e 640a n, mips-arc and.\n-0001b6d0: 6d69 7073 5f71 656d 755f 6d69 7073 0a0a mips_qemu_mips..\n-0001b6e0: 2020 2054 6f20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 2061 To generate a\n-0001b6f0: 206e 6574 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2064 6972 netbootable dir\n-0001b700: 6563 746f 7279 2c20 7275 6e3a 0a0a 2020 ectory, run:.. \n-0001b710: 2020 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 6e65 7464 6972 grub-mknetdir\n-0001b720: 202d 2d6e 6574 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 --net-directory\n-0001b730: 3d2f 7372 762f 7466 7470 202d 2d73 7562 =/srv/tftp --sub\n-0001b740: 6469 723d 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 202d dir=/boot/grub -\n-0001b750: 6420 2f75 7372 2f6c 6962 2f67 7275 622f d /usr/lib/grub/\n-0001b760: 3c70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d3e 0a0a 2020 2045 .. E\n-0001b770: 2e67 2e20 2066 6f72 2069 3338 362d 7063 .g. for i386-pc\n-0001b780: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6b6e :.. grub-mkn\n-0001b790: 6574 6469 7220 2d2d 6e65 742d 6469 7265 etdir --net-dire\n-0001b7a0: 6374 6f72 793d 2f73 7276 2f74 6674 7020 ctory=/srv/tftp \n-0001b7b0: 2d2d 7375 6264 6972 3d2f 626f 6f74 2f67 --subdir=/boot/g\n-0001b7c0: 7275 6220 2d64 202f 7573 722f 6c69 622f rub -d /usr/lib/\n-0001b7d0: 6772 7562 2f69 3338 362d 7063 0a0a 2020 grub/i386-pc.. \n-0001b7e0: 2054 6865 6e20 666f 6c6c 6f77 2069 6e73 Then follow ins\n-0001b7f0: 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 7320 7072 696e 7465 tructions printe\n-0001b800: 6420 6f75 7420 6279 2067 7275 622d 6d6b d out by grub-mk\n-0001b810: 6e65 7464 6972 206f 6e20 636f 6e66 6967 netdir on config\n-0001b820: 7572 696e 670a 796f 7572 2044 4843 5020 uring.your DHCP \n-0001b830: 7365 7276 6572 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 server... The \n-0001b840: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2066 696c 6520 6973 grub.cfg file is\n-0001b850: 2070 6c61 6365 6420 696e 2074 6865 2073 placed in the s\n-0001b860: 616d 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6173 ame directory as\n-0001b870: 2074 6865 2070 6174 6820 6f75 7470 7574 the path output\n-0001b880: 0a62 7920 6772 7562 2d6d 6b6e 6574 6469 .by grub-mknetdi\n-0001b890: 7220 6865 7265 6166 7465 7220 7265 6665 r hereafter refe\n-0001b8a0: 7272 6564 2074 6f20 6173 2046 5750 4154 rred to as FWPAT\n-0001b8b0: 482e 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2073 6561 H. GRUB will sea\n-0001b8c0: 7263 6820 666f 720a 6974 7320 636f 6e66 rch for.its conf\n-0001b8d0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 iguration files \n-0001b8e0: 696e 206f 7264 6572 2075 7369 6e67 2074 in order using t\n-0001b8f0: 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2072 756c he following rul\n-0001b900: 6573 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 0a61 7070 es where the.app\n-0001b910: 656e 6465 6420 7661 6c75 6520 636f 7272 ended value corr\n-0001b920: 6573 706f 6e64 7320 746f 2061 2076 616c esponds to a val\n-0001b930: 7565 206f 6e20 7468 6520 636c 6965 6e74 ue on the client\n-0001b940: 206d 6163 6869 6e65 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 machine... \n-0001b950: e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 ...(FWPATH).../g\n-0001b960: 7275 622e 6366 672d e280 9828 5555 4944 rub.cfg-...(UUID\n-0001b970: 204f 4620 4d41 4348 494e 4529 e280 990a OF MACHINE)....\n-0001b980: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 ...(FWPATH)\n-0001b990: e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2de2 8098 .../grub.cfg-...\n-0001b9a0: 284d 4143 2041 4444 5245 5353 204f 4620 (MAC ADDRESS OF \n-0001b9b0: 4e49 4329 e280 990a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 NIC).... ...\n-0001b9c0: 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 (FWPATH).../grub\n-0001b9d0: 2e63 6667 2de2 8098 2849 5076 3420 4f52 .cfg-...(IPv4 OR\n-0001b9e0: 2049 5076 3620 4144 4452 4553 5329 e280 IPv6 ADDRESS)..\n-0001b9f0: 990a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 .. ...(FWPAT\n-0001ba00: 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 0a0a H).../grub.cfg..\n-0001ba10: 2020 2054 6865 2055 5549 4420 6973 2074 The UUID is t\n-0001ba20: 6865 2043 6c69 656e 7420 4d61 6368 696e he Client Machin\n-0001ba30: 6520 4964 656e 7469 6669 6572 204f 7074 e Identifier Opt\n-0001ba40: 696f 6e20 4465 6669 6e69 7469 6f6e 2061 ion Definition a\n-0001ba50: 730a 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 696e 2052 s.specified in R\n-0001ba60: 4643 2034 3537 382e 2020 5468 6520 636c FC 4578. The cl\n-0001ba70: 6965 6e74 2077 696c 6c20 6f6e 6c79 2061 ient will only a\n-0001ba80: 7474 656d 7074 2074 6f20 6c6f 6f75 6b20 ttempt to loouk \n-0001ba90: 7570 2061 2055 5549 440a 636f 6e66 6967 up a UUID.config\n-0001baa0: 2066 696c 6520 6966 2069 7420 7761 7320 file if it was \n-0001bab0: 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 provided by the \n-0001bac0: 4448 4350 2073 6572 7665 722e 0a0a 2020 DHCP server... \n-0001bad0: 2054 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7420 7769 6c6c The client will\n-0001bae0: 206f 6e6c 7920 6174 7465 6d70 7420 746f only attempt to\n-0001baf0: 206c 6f6f 6b20 7570 2061 6e20 4950 7636 look up an IPv6\n-0001bb00: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 address config \n-0001bb10: 6f6e 6365 2c0a 686f 7765 7665 722c 2069 once,.however, i\n-0001bb20: 7420 7769 6c6c 2074 7279 2074 6865 2049 t will try the I\n-0001bb30: 5076 3420 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2074 696d Pv4 multiple tim\n-0001bb40: 6573 2e20 2054 6865 2063 6f6e 6372 6574 es. The concret\n-0001bb50: 6520 6578 616d 706c 650a 6265 6c6f 7720 e example.below \n-0001bb60: 7368 6f77 7320 7768 6174 2077 6f75 6c64 shows what would\n-0001bb70: 2068 6170 7065 6e20 756e 6465 7220 7468 happen under th\n-0001bb80: 6520 4950 7634 2063 6173 652e 0a0a 2020 e IPv4 case... \n-0001bb90: 2020 2055 5549 443a 2037 3732 3661 3637 UUID: 7726a67\n-0001bba0: 382d 3766 6330 2d34 3835 332d 6134 6636 8-7fc0-4853-a4f6\n-0001bbb0: 2d63 3835 6163 3336 6131 3230 610a 2020 -c85ac36a120a. \n-0001bbc0: 2020 204d 4143 3a20 2035 323a 3534 3a30 MAC: 52:54:0\n-0001bbd0: 303a 6563 3a33 333a 3831 0a20 2020 2020 0:ec:33:81. \n-0001bbe0: 4950 5634 3a20 3130 2e30 2e30 2e31 3330 IPV4: 10.0.0.130\n-0001bbf0: 2028 3041 3030 3030 3832 290a 0a20 2020 (0A000082).. \n-0001bc00: 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 ...(FWPATH)...\n-0001bc10: 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d 3737 3236 6136 /grub.cfg-7726a6\n-0001bc20: 3738 2d37 6663 302d 3438 3533 2d61 3466 78-7fc0-4853-a4f\n-0001bc30: 362d 6338 3561 6333 3661 3132 3061 0a20 6-c85ac36a120a. \n-0001bc40: 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 ...(FWPATH).\n-0001bc50: 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d 3532 2d35 ../grub.cfg-52-5\n-0001bc60: 342d 3030 2d65 632d 3333 2d38 310a 2020 4-00-ec-33-81. \n-0001bc70: 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 ...(FWPATH)..\n-0001bc80: 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 3030 ./grub.cfg-0A000\n-0001bc90: 3038 320a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 082. ...(FWP\n-0001bca0: 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ATH).../grub.cfg\n-0001bcb0: 2d30 4130 3030 3038 0a20 2020 2020 e280 -0A00008. ..\n-0001bcc0: 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 .(FWPATH).../gru\n-0001bcd0: 622e 6366 672d 3041 3030 3030 0a20 2020 b.cfg-0A0000. \n-0001bce0: 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 ...(FWPATH)...\n-0001bcf0: 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d 3041 3030 300a /grub.cfg-0A000.\n-0001bd00: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 ...(FWPATH)\n-0001bd10: e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 .../grub.cfg-0A0\n-0001bd20: 300a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 0. ...(FWPAT\n-0001bd30: 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 H).../grub.cfg-0\n-0001bd40: 4130 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 A0. ...(FWPA\n-0001bd50: 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d TH).../grub.cfg-\n-0001bd60: 3041 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 0A. ...(FWPA\n-0001bd70: 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d TH).../grub.cfg-\n-0001bd80: 300a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 0. ...(FWPAT\n-0001bd90: 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 0a0a H).../grub.cfg..\n-0001bda0: 2020 2054 6869 7320 6665 6174 7572 6520 This feature \n-0001bdb0: 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2062 7920 6465 is enabled by de\n-0001bdc0: 6661 756c 7420 6275 7420 6974 2063 616e fault but it can\n-0001bdd0: 2062 6520 6469 7361 626c 6564 2062 7920 be disabled by \n-0001bde0: 7365 7474 696e 670a 7468 6520 e280 9866 setting.the ...f\n-0001bdf0: 6561 7475 7265 5f6e 6574 5f73 6561 7263 eature_net_searc\n-0001be00: 685f 6366 67e2 8099 2074 6f20 e280 986e h_cfg... to ...n\n-0001be10: e280 992e 2020 5369 6e63 6520 7468 6973 .... Since this\n-0001be20: 2068 6170 7065 6e73 2062 6566 6f72 6520 happens before \n-0001be30: 7468 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f the.configuratio\n-0001be40: 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 7320 7265 6164 2062 n file is read b\n-0001be50: 7920 4752 5542 2c20 7468 6973 206f 7074 y GRUB, this opt\n-0001be60: 696f 6e20 6861 7320 746f 2062 6520 6469 ion has to be di\n-0001be70: 7361 626c 6564 2069 6e20 616e 0a65 6d62 sabled in an.emb\n-0001be80: 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 edded configurat\n-0001be90: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 ion file (*note \n-0001bea0: 456d 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 Embedded configu\n-0001beb0: 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2041 ration::)... A\n-0001bec0: 6674 6572 2047 5255 4220 6861 7320 7374 fter GRUB has st\n-0001bed0: 6172 7465 642c 2066 696c 6573 206f 6e20 arted, files on \n-0001bee0: 7468 6520 5446 5450 2073 6572 7665 7220 the TFTP server \n-0001bef0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6163 6365 7373 6962 will be accessib\n-0001bf00: 6c65 0a76 6961 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2874 le.via the ...(t\n-0001bf10: 6674 7029 e280 9920 6465 7669 6365 2e0a ftp)... device..\n-0001bf20: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 7365 7276 6572 2049 . The server I\n-0001bf30: 5020 6164 6472 6573 7320 6361 6e20 6265 P address can be\n-0001bf40: 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 6c65 6420 6279 2063 controlled by c\n-0001bf50: 6861 6e67 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 9828 hanging the ...(\n-0001bf60: 7466 7470 29e2 8099 0a64 6576 6963 6520 tftp)....device \n-0001bf70: 6e61 6d65 2074 6f20 e280 9828 7466 7470 name to ...(tftp\n-0001bf80: 2c53 4552 5645 522d 4950 29e2 8099 2e20 ,SERVER-IP).... \n-0001bf90: 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2074 6869 7320 Note that this \n-0001bfa0: 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6368 616e 6765 should be change\n-0001bfb0: 640a 626f 7468 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7072 d.both in the pr\n-0001bfc0: 6566 6978 2061 6e64 2069 6e20 616e 7920 efix and in any \n-0001bfd0: 7265 6665 7265 6e63 6573 2074 6f20 7468 references to th\n-0001bfe0: 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 696e e device name in\n-0001bff0: 2074 6865 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 the.configurati\n-0001c000: 6f6e 2066 696c 652e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 on file... GRU\n-0001c010: 4220 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2073 6576 6572 B provides sever\n-0001c020: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n-0001c030: 6172 6961 626c 6573 2077 6869 6368 206d ariables which m\n-0001c040: 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f0a 696e ay be used to.in\n-0001c050: 7370 6563 7420 6f72 2063 6861 6e67 6520 spect or change \n-0001c060: 7468 6520 6265 6861 7669 6f75 7220 6f66 the behaviour of\n-0001c070: 2074 6865 2050 5845 2064 6576 6963 652e the PXE device.\n-0001c080: 2020 496e 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 In the followi\n-0001c090: 6e67 0a64 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 203c ng.description <\n-0001c0a0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 2069 7320 706c INTERFACE> is pl\n-0001c0b0: 6163 6568 6f6c 6465 7220 666f 7220 7468 aceholder for th\n-0001c0c0: 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 6e65 7477 6f72 e name of networ\n-0001c0d0: 6b20 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 2870 6c61 k interface.(pla\n-0001c0e0: 7466 6f72 6d20 6465 7065 6e64 656e 7429 tform dependent)\n-0001c0f0: 3a0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 :.....net__ip.... \n-0001c110: 2054 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b 2069 6e74 The network int\n-0001c120: 6572 6661 6365 2773 2049 5020 6164 6472 erface's IP addr\n-0001c130: 6573 732e 2020 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e ess. Read-only.\n-0001c140: 0a0a e280 986e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 .....net__mac.... \n-0001c160: 2054 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b 2069 6e74 The network int\n-0001c170: 6572 6661 6365 2773 204d 4143 2061 6464 erface's MAC add\n-0001c180: 7265 7373 2e20 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 ress. Read-only\n-0001c190: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 ......net__clientid..\n-0001c1b0: 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 6c69 656e .. The clien\n-0001c1c0: 7420 6964 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 t id provided by\n-0001c1d0: 2044 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 DHCP. Read-only\n-0001c1e0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 ......net__clientuuid\n-0001c200: e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 6c69 .... The cli\n-0001c210: 656e 7420 7575 6964 2070 726f 7669 6465 ent uuid provide\n-0001c220: 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d d by DHCP. Read-\n-0001c230: 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 only......net__hostna\n-0001c250: 6d65 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 me.... The c\n-0001c260: 6c69 656e 7420 686f 7374 206e 616d 6520 lient host name \n-0001c270: 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 provided by DHCP\n-0001c280: 2e20 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 . Read-only.....\n-0001c290: 986e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e .net_\n-0001c2a0: 5f64 6f6d 6169 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 _domain.... \n-0001c2b0: 5468 6520 636c 6965 6e74 2064 6f6d 6169 The client domai\n-0001c2c0: 6e20 6e61 6d65 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 n name provided \n-0001c2d0: 6279 2044 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e by DHCP. Read-on\n-0001c2e0: 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 ly......net__rootpath\n-0001c300: e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2070 6174 .... The pat\n-0001c310: 6820 746f 2074 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7427 h to the client'\n-0001c320: 7320 726f 6f74 2064 6973 6b20 7072 6f76 s root disk prov\n-0001c330: 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 2e20 5265 ided by DHCP. Re\n-0001c340: 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 ad-only......net\n-0001c350: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f65 7874 __ext\n-0001c360: 656e 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 68e2 8099 0a20 ensionspath.... \n-0001c370: 2020 2020 5468 6520 7061 7468 2074 6f20 The path to \n-0001c380: 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2044 4843 5020 additional DHCP \n-0001c390: 7665 6e64 6f72 2065 7874 656e 7369 6f6e vendor extension\n-0001c3a0: 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 s provided by DH\n-0001c3b0: 4350 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 642d 6f6e CP.. Read-on\n-0001c3c0: 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 ly......net__boot_fil\n-0001c3e0: 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 626f e.... The bo\n-0001c3f0: 6f74 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2070 726f ot file name pro\n-0001c400: 7669 6465 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e 2052 vided by DHCP. R\n-0001c410: 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 ead-only......ne\n-0001c420: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6468 t__dh\n-0001c430: 6370 5f73 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 e280 cp_server_name..\n-0001c440: 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206e 616d 6520 .. The name \n-0001c450: 6f66 2074 6865 2044 4843 5020 7365 7276 of the DHCP serv\n-0001c460: 6572 2072 6573 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 2066 er responsible f\n-0001c470: 6f72 2074 6865 7365 2062 6f6f 7420 7061 or these boot pa\n-0001c480: 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 rameters.. R\n-0001c490: 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 ead-only......ne\n-0001c4a0: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6e65 t__ne\n-0001c4b0: 7874 5f73 6572 7665 72e2 8099 0a20 2020 xt_server.... \n-0001c4c0: 2020 5468 6520 4950 2061 6464 7265 7373 The IP address\n-0001c4d0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6e65 7874 2028 7573 of the next (us\n-0001c4e0: 7561 6c6c 792c 2054 4654 5029 2073 6572 ually, TFTP) ser\n-0001c4f0: 7665 7220 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 ver provided by \n-0001c500: 4448 4350 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 642d DHCP.. Read-\n-0001c510: 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 6465 only......net_de\n-0001c520: 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 65e2 fault_interface.\n-0001c530: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 496e 6974 6961 6c6c ... Initiall\n-0001c540: 7920 7365 7420 746f 206e 616d 6520 6f66 y set to name of\n-0001c550: 206e 6574 776f 726b 2069 6e74 6572 6661 network interfa\n-0001c560: 6365 2074 6861 7420 7761 7320 7573 6564 ce that was used\n-0001c570: 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 0a20 2020 2020 6772 to load. gr\n-0001c580: 7562 2e20 2052 6561 642d 7772 6974 652c ub. Read-write,\n-0001c590: 2061 6c74 686f 7567 6820 7365 7474 696e although settin\n-0001c5a0: 6720 6974 2061 6666 6563 7473 206f 6e6c g it affects onl\n-0001c5b0: 7920 696e 7465 7270 7265 7461 7469 6f6e y interpretation\n-0001c5c0: 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 20e2 8098 6e65 745f . of ...net_\n-0001c5d0: 6465 6661 756c 745f 6970 e280 9920 616e default_ip... an\n-0001c5e0: 6420 e280 986e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 d ...net_default\n-0001c5f0: 5f6d 6163 e280 990a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f _mac........net_\n-0001c600: 6465 6661 756c 745f 6970 e280 990a 2020 default_ip.... \n-0001c610: 2020 2054 6865 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 The IP addres\n-0001c620: 7320 6f66 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 6e74 s of default int\n-0001c630: 6572 6661 6365 2e20 2052 6561 642d 6f6e erface. Read-on\n-0001c640: 6c79 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2061 6c69 ly. This is ali\n-0001c650: 6173 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 as for. the \n-0001c660: e280 986e 6574 5f24 7b6e 6574 5f64 6566 ...net_${net_def\n-0001c670: 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 7d5f ault_interface}_\n-0001c680: 6970 e280 992e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 5f64 ip.........net_d\n-0001c690: 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 e280 990a 2020 efault_mac.... \n-0001c6a0: 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 The default i\n-0001c6b0: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2773 204d 4143 2061 nterface's MAC a\n-0001c6c0: 6464 7265 7373 2e20 2052 6561 642d 6f6e ddress. Read-on\n-0001c6d0: 6c79 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2061 6c69 ly. This is ali\n-0001c6e0: 6173 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 as for. the \n-0001c6f0: e280 986e 6574 5f24 7b6e 6574 5f64 6566 ...net_${net_def\n-0001c700: 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 7d5f ault_interface}_\n-0001c710: 6d61 63e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f mac.........net_\n-0001c720: 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 e280 default_server..\n-0001c730: 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 .. The defau\n-0001c740: 6c74 2073 6572 7665 7220 7573 6564 2062 lt server used b\n-0001c750: 7920 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6472 6976 6573 y network drives\n-0001c760: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4465 7669 6365 2073 (*note Device s\n-0001c770: 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 yntax::).. R\n-0001c780: 6561 642d 7772 6974 652c 2061 6c74 686f ead-write, altho\n-0001c790: 7567 6820 7365 7474 696e 6720 7468 6973 ugh setting this\n-0001c7a0: 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2075 7365 6675 6c20 is only useful \n-0001c7b0: 6265 666f 7265 206f 7065 6e69 6e67 2061 before opening a\n-0001c7c0: 0a20 2020 2020 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6465 . network de\n-0001c7d0: 7669 6365 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 vice.....File: g\n-0001c7e0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0001c7f0: 2053 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c Serial terminal\n-0001c800: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2056 656e 646f 7220 , Next: Vendor \n-0001c810: 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 732c 2020 power-on keys, \n-0001c820: 5072 6576 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b2c 2020 Prev: Network, \n-0001c830: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a39 2055 7369 6e67 Up: Top..9 Using\n-0001c840: 2047 5255 4220 7669 6120 6120 7365 7269 GRUB via a seri\n-0001c850: 616c 206c 696e 650a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a al line.********\n+0001b650: 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 ***..The followi\n+0001b660: 6e67 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 7320 ng instructions \n+0001b670: 646f 6e27 7420 776f 726b 2066 6f72 202a don't work for *\n+0001b680: 2d65 6d75 2c20 6933 3836 2d71 656d 752c -emu, i386-qemu,\n+0001b690: 0a69 3338 362d 636f 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 .i386-coreboot, \n+0001b6a0: 6933 3836 2d6d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2c20 i386-multiboot, \n+0001b6b0: 6d69 7073 5f6c 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e2c 206d mips_loongson, m\n+0001b6c0: 6970 732d 6172 6320 616e 640a 6d69 7073 ips-arc and.mips\n+0001b6d0: 5f71 656d 755f 6d69 7073 0a0a 2020 2054 _qemu_mips.. T\n+0001b6e0: 6f20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 2061 206e 6574 o generate a net\n+0001b6f0: 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2064 6972 6563 746f bootable directo\n+0001b700: 7279 2c20 7275 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 ry, run:.. g\n+0001b710: 7275 622d 6d6b 6e65 7464 6972 202d 2d6e rub-mknetdir --n\n+0001b720: 6574 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 7372 et-directory=/sr\n+0001b730: 762f 7466 7470 202d 2d73 7562 6469 723d v/tftp --subdir=\n+0001b740: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 202d 6420 2f75 /boot/grub -d /u\n+0001b750: 7372 2f6c 6962 2f67 7275 622f 3c70 6c61 sr/lib/grub/.. E.g. \n+0001b770: 2066 6f72 2069 3338 362d 7063 3a0a 0a20 for i386-pc:.. \n+0001b780: 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6b6e 6574 6469 grub-mknetdi\n+0001b790: 7220 2d2d 6e65 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 r --net-director\n+0001b7a0: 793d 2f73 7276 2f74 6674 7020 2d2d 7375 y=/srv/tftp --su\n+0001b7b0: 6264 6972 3d2f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 6220 bdir=/boot/grub \n+0001b7c0: 2d64 202f 7573 722f 6c69 622f 6772 7562 -d /usr/lib/grub\n+0001b7d0: 2f69 3338 362d 7063 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 /i386-pc.. The\n+0001b7e0: 6e20 666f 6c6c 6f77 2069 6e73 7472 7563 n follow instruc\n+0001b7f0: 7469 6f6e 7320 7072 696e 7465 6420 6f75 tions printed ou\n+0001b800: 7420 6279 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 6e65 7464 t by grub-mknetd\n+0001b810: 6972 206f 6e20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 696e ir on configurin\n+0001b820: 670a 796f 7572 2044 4843 5020 7365 7276 g.your DHCP serv\n+0001b830: 6572 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6772 7562 er... The grub\n+0001b840: 2e63 6667 2066 696c 6520 6973 2070 6c61 .cfg file is pla\n+0001b850: 6365 6420 696e 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 ced in the same \n+0001b860: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6173 2074 6865 directory as the\n+0001b870: 2070 6174 6820 6f75 7470 7574 0a62 7920 path output.by \n+0001b880: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b6e 6574 6469 7220 6865 grub-mknetdir he\n+0001b890: 7265 6166 7465 7220 7265 6665 7272 6564 reafter referred\n+0001b8a0: 2074 6f20 6173 2046 5750 4154 482e 2047 to as FWPATH. G\n+0001b8b0: 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2073 6561 7263 6820 RUB will search \n+0001b8c0: 666f 720a 6974 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 for.its configur\n+0001b8d0: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 696e 206f ation files in o\n+0001b8e0: 7264 6572 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2066 rder using the f\n+0001b8f0: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2072 756c 6573 2077 ollowing rules w\n+0001b900: 6865 7265 2074 6865 0a61 7070 656e 6465 here the.appende\n+0001b910: 6420 7661 6c75 6520 636f 7272 6573 706f d value correspo\n+0001b920: 6e64 7320 746f 2061 2076 616c 7565 206f nds to a value o\n+0001b930: 6e20 7468 6520 636c 6965 6e74 206d 6163 n the client mac\n+0001b940: 6869 6e65 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 hine... ...(\n+0001b950: 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e FWPATH).../grub.\n+0001b960: 6366 672d e280 9828 5555 4944 204f 4620 cfg-...(UUID OF \n+0001b970: 4d41 4348 494e 4529 e280 990a 2020 2020 MACHINE).... \n+0001b980: 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f ...(FWPATH).../\n+0001b990: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2de2 8098 284d 4143 grub.cfg-...(MAC\n+0001b9a0: 2041 4444 5245 5353 204f 4620 4e49 4329 ADDRESS OF NIC)\n+0001b9b0: e280 990a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 .... ...(FWP\n+0001b9c0: 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ATH).../grub.cfg\n+0001b9d0: 2de2 8098 2849 5076 3420 4f52 2049 5076 -...(IPv4 OR IPv\n+0001b9e0: 3620 4144 4452 4553 5329 e280 990a 2020 6 ADDRESS).... \n+0001b9f0: 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 ...(FWPATH)..\n+0001ba00: 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 0a0a 2020 2054 ./grub.cfg.. T\n+0001ba10: 6865 2055 5549 4420 6973 2074 6865 2043 he UUID is the C\n+0001ba20: 6c69 656e 7420 4d61 6368 696e 6520 4964 lient Machine Id\n+0001ba30: 656e 7469 6669 6572 204f 7074 696f 6e20 entifier Option \n+0001ba40: 4465 6669 6e69 7469 6f6e 2061 730a 7370 Definition as.sp\n+0001ba50: 6563 6966 6965 6420 696e 2052 4643 2034 ecified in RFC 4\n+0001ba60: 3537 382e 2020 5468 6520 636c 6965 6e74 578. The client\n+0001ba70: 2077 696c 6c20 6f6e 6c79 2061 7474 656d will only attem\n+0001ba80: 7074 2074 6f20 6c6f 6f75 6b20 7570 2061 pt to loouk up a\n+0001ba90: 2055 5549 440a 636f 6e66 6967 2066 696c UUID.config fil\n+0001baa0: 6520 6966 2069 7420 7761 7320 7072 6f76 e if it was prov\n+0001bab0: 6964 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 4448 4350 ided by the DHCP\n+0001bac0: 2073 6572 7665 722e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 server... The\n+0001bad0: 2063 6c69 656e 7420 7769 6c6c 206f 6e6c client will onl\n+0001bae0: 7920 6174 7465 6d70 7420 746f 206c 6f6f y attempt to loo\n+0001baf0: 6b20 7570 2061 6e20 4950 7636 2061 6464 k up an IPv6 add\n+0001bb00: 7265 7373 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 6f6e 6365 ress config once\n+0001bb10: 2c0a 686f 7765 7665 722c 2069 7420 7769 ,.however, it wi\n+0001bb20: 6c6c 2074 7279 2074 6865 2049 5076 3420 ll try the IPv4 \n+0001bb30: 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2074 696d 6573 2e20 multiple times. \n+0001bb40: 2054 6865 2063 6f6e 6372 6574 6520 6578 The concrete ex\n+0001bb50: 616d 706c 650a 6265 6c6f 7720 7368 6f77 ample.below show\n+0001bb60: 7320 7768 6174 2077 6f75 6c64 2068 6170 s what would hap\n+0001bb70: 7065 6e20 756e 6465 7220 7468 6520 4950 pen under the IP\n+0001bb80: 7634 2063 6173 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2055 v4 case... U\n+0001bb90: 5549 443a 2037 3732 3661 3637 382d 3766 UID: 7726a678-7f\n+0001bba0: 6330 2d34 3835 332d 6134 6636 2d63 3835 c0-4853-a4f6-c85\n+0001bbb0: 6163 3336 6131 3230 610a 2020 2020 204d ac36a120a. M\n+0001bbc0: 4143 3a20 2035 323a 3534 3a30 303a 6563 AC: 52:54:00:ec\n+0001bbd0: 3a33 333a 3831 0a20 2020 2020 4950 5634 :33:81. IPV4\n+0001bbe0: 3a20 3130 2e30 2e30 2e31 3330 2028 3041 : 10.0.0.130 (0A\n+0001bbf0: 3030 3030 3832 290a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 000082).. ..\n+0001bc00: 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 .(FWPATH).../gru\n+0001bc10: 622e 6366 672d 3737 3236 6136 3738 2d37 b.cfg-7726a678-7\n+0001bc20: 6663 302d 3438 3533 2d61 3466 362d 6338 fc0-4853-a4f6-c8\n+0001bc30: 3561 6333 3661 3132 3061 0a20 2020 2020 5ac36a120a. \n+0001bc40: e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 ...(FWPATH).../g\n+0001bc50: 7275 622e 6366 672d 3532 2d35 342d 3030 rub.cfg-52-54-00\n+0001bc60: 2d65 632d 3333 2d38 310a 2020 2020 20e2 -ec-33-81. .\n+0001bc70: 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 ..(FWPATH).../gr\n+0001bc80: 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 3030 3038 320a ub.cfg-0A000082.\n+0001bc90: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 ...(FWPATH)\n+0001bca0: e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 .../grub.cfg-0A0\n+0001bcb0: 3030 3038 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 0008. ...(FW\n+0001bcc0: 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 PATH).../grub.cf\n+0001bcd0: 672d 3041 3030 3030 0a20 2020 2020 e280 g-0A0000. ..\n+0001bce0: 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 .(FWPATH).../gru\n+0001bcf0: 622e 6366 672d 3041 3030 300a 2020 2020 b.cfg-0A000. \n+0001bd00: 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f ...(FWPATH).../\n+0001bd10: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 300a 2020 grub.cfg-0A00. \n+0001bd20: 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 ...(FWPATH)..\n+0001bd30: 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 0a20 ./grub.cfg-0A0. \n+0001bd40: 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 ...(FWPATH).\n+0001bd50: 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d 3041 0a20 ../grub.cfg-0A. \n+0001bd60: 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 ...(FWPATH).\n+0001bd70: 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d 300a 2020 ../grub.cfg-0. \n+0001bd80: 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 ...(FWPATH)..\n+0001bd90: 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 0a0a 2020 2054 ./grub.cfg.. T\n+0001bda0: 6869 7320 6665 6174 7572 6520 6973 2065 his feature is e\n+0001bdb0: 6e61 626c 6564 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c nabled by defaul\n+0001bdc0: 7420 6275 7420 6974 2063 616e 2062 6520 t but it can be \n+0001bdd0: 6469 7361 626c 6564 2062 7920 7365 7474 disabled by sett\n+0001bde0: 696e 670a 7468 6520 e280 9866 6561 7475 ing.the ...featu\n+0001bdf0: 7265 5f6e 6574 5f73 6561 7263 685f 6366 re_net_search_cf\n+0001be00: 67e2 8099 2074 6f20 e280 986e e280 992e g... to ...n....\n+0001be10: 2020 5369 6e63 6520 7468 6973 2068 6170 Since this hap\n+0001be20: 7065 6e73 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7468 650a pens before the.\n+0001be30: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n+0001be40: 6c65 2069 7320 7265 6164 2062 7920 4752 le is read by GR\n+0001be50: 5542 2c20 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 UB, this option \n+0001be60: 6861 7320 746f 2062 6520 6469 7361 626c has to be disabl\n+0001be70: 6564 2069 6e20 616e 0a65 6d62 6564 6465 ed in an.embedde\n+0001be80: 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 d configuration \n+0001be90: 6669 6c65 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 456d 6265 file (*note Embe\n+0001bea0: 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 dded configurati\n+0001beb0: 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2041 6674 6572 on::)... After\n+0001bec0: 2047 5255 4220 6861 7320 7374 6172 7465 GRUB has starte\n+0001bed0: 642c 2066 696c 6573 206f 6e20 7468 6520 d, files on the \n+0001bee0: 5446 5450 2073 6572 7665 7220 7769 6c6c TFTP server will\n+0001bef0: 2062 6520 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 0a76 be accessible.v\n+0001bf00: 6961 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2874 6674 7029 ia the ...(tftp)\n+0001bf10: e280 9920 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 ... device... \n+0001bf20: 5468 6520 7365 7276 6572 2049 5020 6164 The server IP ad\n+0001bf30: 6472 6573 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2063 6f6e dress can be con\n+0001bf40: 7472 6f6c 6c65 6420 6279 2063 6861 6e67 trolled by chang\n+0001bf50: 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 9828 7466 7470 ing the ...(tftp\n+0001bf60: 29e2 8099 0a64 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 )....device name\n+0001bf70: 2074 6f20 e280 9828 7466 7470 2c53 4552 to ...(tftp,SER\n+0001bf80: 5645 522d 4950 29e2 8099 2e20 204e 6f74 VER-IP).... Not\n+0001bf90: 6520 7468 6174 2074 6869 7320 7368 6f75 e that this shou\n+0001bfa0: 6c64 2062 6520 6368 616e 6765 640a 626f ld be changed.bo\n+0001bfb0: 7468 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7072 6566 6978 th in the prefix\n+0001bfc0: 2061 6e64 2069 6e20 616e 7920 7265 6665 and in any refe\n+0001bfd0: 7265 6e63 6573 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6465 rences to the de\n+0001bfe0: 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 696e 2074 6865 vice name in the\n+0001bff0: 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 .configuration f\n+0001c000: 696c 652e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 7072 ile... GRUB pr\n+0001c010: 6f76 6964 6573 2073 6576 6572 616c 2065 ovides several e\n+0001c020: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+0001c030: 626c 6573 2077 6869 6368 206d 6179 2062 bles which may b\n+0001c040: 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f0a 696e 7370 6563 e used to.inspec\n+0001c050: 7420 6f72 2063 6861 6e67 6520 7468 6520 t or change the \n+0001c060: 6265 6861 7669 6f75 7220 6f66 2074 6865 behaviour of the\n+0001c070: 2050 5845 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 496e PXE device. In\n+0001c080: 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 0a64 the following.d\n+0001c090: 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 203c 494e 5445 escription is placeh\n+0001c0b0: 6f6c 6465 7220 666f 7220 7468 6520 6e61 older for the na\n+0001c0c0: 6d65 206f 6620 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 696e me of network in\n+0001c0d0: 7465 7266 6163 650a 2870 6c61 7466 6f72 terface.(platfor\n+0001c0e0: 6d20 6465 7065 6e64 656e 7429 3a0a 0ae2 m dependent):...\n+0001c0f0: 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 ..net__ip.... The\n+0001c110: 206e 6574 776f 726b 2069 6e74 6572 6661 network interfa\n+0001c120: 6365 2773 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 732e ce's IP address.\n+0001c130: 2020 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 Read-only.....\n+0001c140: 986e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e .net_\n+0001c150: 5f6d 6163 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 _mac.... The\n+0001c160: 206e 6574 776f 726b 2069 6e74 6572 6661 network interfa\n+0001c170: 6365 2773 204d 4143 2061 6464 7265 7373 ce's MAC address\n+0001c180: 2e20 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 . Read-only....\n+0001c190: 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 ..net__clientid.... \n+0001c1b0: 2020 2054 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7420 6964 The client id\n+0001c1c0: 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2044 4843 provided by DHC\n+0001c1d0: 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 P. Read-only....\n+0001c1e0: 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 ..net__clientuuid....\n+0001c200: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7420 The client \n+0001c210: 7575 6964 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 uuid provided by\n+0001c220: 2044 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 DHCP. Read-only\n+0001c230: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 ......net__hostname..\n+0001c250: 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 6c69 656e .. The clien\n+0001c260: 7420 686f 7374 206e 616d 6520 7072 6f76 t host name prov\n+0001c270: 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 2e20 5265 ided by DHCP. Re\n+0001c280: 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 ad-only......net\n+0001c290: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 6f6d __dom\n+0001c2a0: 6169 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 ain.... The \n+0001c2b0: 636c 6965 6e74 2064 6f6d 6169 6e20 6e61 client domain na\n+0001c2c0: 6d65 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2044 me provided by D\n+0001c2d0: 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a HCP. Read-only..\n+0001c2e0: 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 ....net__rootpath....\n+0001c300: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2070 6174 6820 746f The path to\n+0001c310: 2074 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7427 7320 726f the client's ro\n+0001c320: 6f74 2064 6973 6b20 7072 6f76 6964 6564 ot disk provided\n+0001c330: 2062 7920 4448 4350 2e20 5265 6164 2d6f by DHCP. Read-o\n+0001c340: 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 5f3c 494e nly......net__extensi\n+0001c360: 6f6e 7370 6174 68e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 onspath.... \n+0001c370: 5468 6520 7061 7468 2074 6f20 6164 6469 The path to addi\n+0001c380: 7469 6f6e 616c 2044 4843 5020 7665 6e64 tional DHCP vend\n+0001c390: 6f72 2065 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 7072 or extensions pr\n+0001c3a0: 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 2e0a ovided by DHCP..\n+0001c3b0: 2020 2020 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a Read-only..\n+0001c3c0: 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 ....net__boot_file...\n+0001c3e0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 626f 6f74 2066 . The boot f\n+0001c3f0: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2070 726f 7669 6465 ile name provide\n+0001c400: 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d d by DHCP. Read-\n+0001c410: 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 only......net__dhcp_s\n+0001c430: 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 e280 990a 2020 erver_name.... \n+0001c440: 2020 2054 6865 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2074 The name of t\n+0001c450: 6865 2044 4843 5020 7365 7276 6572 2072 he DHCP server r\n+0001c460: 6573 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 2074 esponsible for t\n+0001c470: 6865 7365 2062 6f6f 7420 7061 7261 6d65 hese boot parame\n+0001c480: 7465 7273 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 642d ters.. Read-\n+0001c490: 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 only......net__next_s\n+0001c4b0: 6572 7665 72e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 erver.... Th\n+0001c4c0: 6520 4950 2061 6464 7265 7373 206f 6620 e IP address of \n+0001c4d0: 7468 6520 6e65 7874 2028 7573 7561 6c6c the next (usuall\n+0001c4e0: 792c 2054 4654 5029 2073 6572 7665 7220 y, TFTP) server \n+0001c4f0: 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 provided by DHCP\n+0001c500: 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 .. Read-only\n+0001c510: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c ......net_defaul\n+0001c520: 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 65e2 8099 0a20 t_interface.... \n+0001c530: 2020 2020 496e 6974 6961 6c6c 7920 7365 Initially se\n+0001c540: 7420 746f 206e 616d 6520 6f66 206e 6574 t to name of net\n+0001c550: 776f 726b 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2074 work interface t\n+0001c560: 6861 7420 7761 7320 7573 6564 2074 6f20 hat was used to \n+0001c570: 6c6f 6164 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2e20 load. grub. \n+0001c580: 2052 6561 642d 7772 6974 652c 2061 6c74 Read-write, alt\n+0001c590: 686f 7567 6820 7365 7474 696e 6720 6974 hough setting it\n+0001c5a0: 2061 6666 6563 7473 206f 6e6c 7920 696e affects only in\n+0001c5b0: 7465 7270 7265 7461 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 terpretation. \n+0001c5c0: 2020 6f66 20e2 8098 6e65 745f 6465 6661 of ...net_defa\n+0001c5d0: 756c 745f 6970 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 ult_ip... and ..\n+0001c5e0: 986e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 .net_default_mac\n+0001c5f0: e280 990a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 6465 6661 ........net_defa\n+0001c600: 756c 745f 6970 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 ult_ip.... T\n+0001c610: 6865 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 7320 6f66 he IP address of\n+0001c620: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 6e74 6572 6661 default interfa\n+0001c630: 6365 2e20 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e20 ce. Read-only. \n+0001c640: 2054 6869 7320 6973 2061 6c69 6173 2066 This is alias f\n+0001c650: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 e280 986e or. the ...n\n+0001c660: 6574 5f24 7b6e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 et_${net_default\n+0001c670: 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 7d5f 6970 e280 _interface}_ip..\n+0001c680: 992e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 .......net_defau\n+0001c690: 6c74 5f6d 6163 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 lt_mac.... T\n+0001c6a0: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 6e74 6572 he default inter\n+0001c6b0: 6661 6365 2773 204d 4143 2061 6464 7265 face's MAC addre\n+0001c6c0: 7373 2e20 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e20 ss. Read-only. \n+0001c6d0: 2054 6869 7320 6973 2061 6c69 6173 2066 This is alias f\n+0001c6e0: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 e280 986e or. the ...n\n+0001c6f0: 6574 5f24 7b6e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 et_${net_default\n+0001c700: 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 7d5f 6d61 63e2 _interface}_mac.\n+0001c710: 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 6465 6661 ........net_defa\n+0001c720: 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 e280 990a 2020 ult_server.... \n+0001c730: 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2073 The default s\n+0001c740: 6572 7665 7220 7573 6564 2062 7920 6e65 erver used by ne\n+0001c750: 7477 6f72 6b20 6472 6976 6573 2028 2a6e twork drives (*n\n+0001c760: 6f74 6520 4465 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 ote Device synta\n+0001c770: 783a 3a29 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 642d x::).. Read-\n+0001c780: 7772 6974 652c 2061 6c74 686f 7567 6820 write, although \n+0001c790: 7365 7474 696e 6720 7468 6973 2069 7320 setting this is \n+0001c7a0: 6f6e 6c79 2075 7365 6675 6c20 6265 666f only useful befo\n+0001c7b0: 7265 206f 7065 6e69 6e67 2061 0a20 2020 re opening a. \n+0001c7c0: 2020 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6465 7669 6365 network device\n+0001c7d0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0001c7e0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2053 6572 info, Node: Ser\n+0001c7f0: 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2c20 204e ial terminal, N\n+0001c800: 6578 743a 2056 656e 646f 7220 706f 7765 ext: Vendor powe\n+0001c810: 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 732c 2020 5072 6576 r-on keys, Prev\n+0001c820: 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b2c 2020 5570 3a20 : Network, Up: \n+0001c830: 546f 700a 0a39 2055 7369 6e67 2047 5255 Top..9 Using GRU\n+0001c840: 4220 7669 6120 6120 7365 7269 616c 206c B via a serial l\n+0001c850: 696e 650a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ine.************\n 0001c860: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001c870: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 5468 6973 2063 6861 ******..This cha\n-0001c880: 7074 6572 2064 6573 6372 6962 6573 2068 pter describes h\n-0001c890: 6f77 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6520 7365 ow to use the se\n-0001c8a0: 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7375 rial terminal su\n-0001c8b0: 7070 6f72 7420 696e 2047 5255 422e 0a0a pport in GRUB...\n-0001c8c0: 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 206d If you have m\n-0001c8d0: 616e 7920 636f 6d70 7574 6572 7320 6f72 any computers or\n-0001c8e0: 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7273 2077 6974 6820 computers with \n-0001c8f0: 6e6f 2064 6973 706c 6179 2f6b 6579 626f no display/keybo\n-0001c900: 6172 642c 2069 740a 636f 756c 6420 6265 ard, it.could be\n-0001c910: 2076 6572 7920 7573 6566 756c 2074 6f20 very useful to \n-0001c920: 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 7468 6520 636f 6d70 control the comp\n-0001c930: 7574 6572 7320 7468 726f 7567 6820 7365 uters through se\n-0001c940: 7269 616c 0a63 6f6d 6d75 6e69 6361 7469 rial.communicati\n-0001c950: 6f6e 732e 2020 546f 2063 6f6e 6e65 6374 ons. To connect\n-0001c960: 206f 6e65 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 7769 one computer wi\n-0001c970: 7468 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2076 6961 2061 th another via a\n-0001c980: 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6c69 6e65 2c0a 796f serial line,.yo\n-0001c990: 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7072 6570 6172 u need to prepar\n-0001c9a0: 6520 6120 6e75 6c6c 2d6d 6f64 656d 2028 e a null-modem (\n-0001c9b0: 6372 6f73 7329 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6361 cross) serial ca\n-0001c9c0: 626c 652c 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 206d 6179 ble, and you may\n-0001c9d0: 206e 6565 640a 746f 2068 6176 6520 6d75 need.to have mu\n-0001c9e0: 6c74 6970 6f72 7420 7365 7269 616c 2062 ltiport serial b\n-0001c9f0: 6f61 7264 732c 2069 6620 796f 7572 2063 oards, if your c\n-0001ca00: 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 646f 6573 6e27 7420 omputer doesn't \n-0001ca10: 6861 7665 2065 7874 7261 0a73 6572 6961 have extra.seria\n-0001ca20: 6c20 706f 7274 732e 2020 496e 2061 6464 l ports. In add\n-0001ca30: 6974 696f 6e2c 2061 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 ition, a termina\n-0001ca40: 6c20 656d 756c 6174 6f72 2069 7320 616c l emulator is al\n-0001ca50: 736f 2072 6571 7569 7265 642c 2073 7563 so required, suc\n-0001ca60: 680a 6173 206d 696e 6963 6f6d 2e20 2052 h.as minicom. R\n-0001ca70: 6566 6572 2074 6f20 6120 6d61 6e75 616c efer to a manual\n-0001ca80: 206f 6620 796f 7572 206f 7065 7261 7469 of your operati\n-0001ca90: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2066 6f72 206d ng system, for m\n-0001caa0: 6f72 650a 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e ore.information.\n-0001cab0: 0a0a 2020 2041 7320 666f 7220 4752 5542 .. As for GRUB\n-0001cac0: 2c20 7468 6520 696e 7374 7275 6374 696f , the instructio\n-0001cad0: 6e20 746f 2073 6574 2075 7020 6120 7365 n to set up a se\n-0001cae0: 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6973 rial terminal is\n-0001caf0: 2071 7569 7465 0a73 696d 706c 652e 2020 quite.simple. \n-0001cb00: 4865 7265 2069 7320 616e 2065 7861 6d70 Here is an examp\n-0001cb10: 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 le:.. grub> \n-0001cb20: 7365 7269 616c 202d 2d75 6e69 743d 3020 serial --unit=0 \n-0001cb30: 2d2d 7370 6565 643d 3936 3030 0a20 2020 --speed=9600. \n-0001cb40: 2020 6772 7562 3e20 7465 726d 696e 616c grub> terminal\n-0001cb50: 5f69 6e70 7574 2073 6572 6961 6c3b 2074 _input serial; t\n-0001cb60: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 2073 erminal_output s\n-0001cb70: 6572 6961 6c0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 636f erial.. The co\n-0001cb80: 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9873 6572 6961 6ce2 mmand ...serial.\n-0001cb90: 8099 2069 6e69 7469 616c 697a 6573 2074 .. initializes t\n-0001cba0: 6865 2073 6572 6961 6c20 756e 6974 2030 he serial unit 0\n-0001cbb0: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 7370 6565 640a with the speed.\n-0001cbc0: 3936 3030 6270 732e 2020 5468 6520 7365 9600bps. The se\n-0001cbd0: 7269 616c 2075 6e69 7420 3020 6973 2075 rial unit 0 is u\n-0001cbe0: 7375 616c 6c79 2063 616c 6c65 6420 e280 sually called ..\n-0001cbf0: 9843 4f4d 31e2 8099 2c20 736f 2c20 6966 .COM1..., so, if\n-0001cc00: 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f 0a75 7365 you want to.use\n-0001cc10: 2043 4f4d 322c 2079 6f75 206d 7573 7420 COM2, you must \n-0001cc20: 7370 6563 6966 7920 e280 982d 2d75 6e69 specify ...--uni\n-0001cc30: 743d 31e2 8099 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2e20 t=1... instead. \n-0001cc40: 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6163 This command ac\n-0001cc50: 6365 7074 730a 6d61 6e79 206f 7468 6572 cepts.many other\n-0001cc60: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 options, *note \n-0001cc70: 7365 7269 616c 3a3a 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 serial:: for mor\n-0001cc80: 6520 6465 7461 696c 732e 0a0a 2020 2057 e details... W\n-0001cc90: 6974 686f 7574 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 ithout argument \n-0001cca0: 6f72 2077 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d70 6f72 or with ...--por\n-0001ccb0: 743d 6175 746f e280 992c 2047 5255 4220 t=auto..., GRUB \n-0001ccc0: 7769 6c6c 2061 7474 656d 7074 2074 6f20 will attempt to \n-0001ccd0: 7573 6520 4143 5049 0a77 6865 6e20 6176 use ACPI.when av\n-0001cce0: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 746f 2061 7574 6f2d ailable to auto-\n-0001ccf0: 6465 7465 6374 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 detect the defau\n-0001cd00: 6c74 2073 6572 6961 6c20 706f 7274 2061 lt serial port a\n-0001cd10: 6e64 2069 7473 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 nd its.configura\n-0001cd20: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 636f tion... The co\n-0001cd30: 6d6d 616e 6473 20e2 8098 7465 726d 696e mmands ...termin\n-0001cd40: 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 e280 9920 282a 6e6f al_input... (*no\n-0001cd50: 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 te terminal_inpu\n-0001cd60: 743a 3a29 2061 6e64 0ae2 8098 7465 726d t::) and....term\n-0001cd70: 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 74e2 8099 2028 inal_output... (\n-0001cd80: 2a6e 6f74 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f *note terminal_o\n-0001cd90: 7574 7075 743a 3a29 2063 686f 6f73 6520 utput::) choose \n-0001cda0: 7768 6963 6820 7479 7065 206f 660a 7465 which type of.te\n-0001cdb0: 726d 696e 616c 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 rminal you want \n-0001cdc0: 746f 2075 7365 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6520 to use. In the \n-0001cdd0: 6361 7365 2061 626f 7665 2c20 7468 6520 case above, the \n-0001cde0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2077 696c 6c20 6265 terminal will be\n-0001cdf0: 2061 0a73 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e a.serial termin\n-0001ce00: 616c 2c20 6275 7420 796f 7520 6361 6e20 al, but you can \n-0001ce10: 616c 736f 2070 6173 7320 e280 9863 6f6e also pass ...con\n-0001ce20: 736f 6c65 e280 9920 746f 2074 6865 2063 sole... to the c\n-0001ce30: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2c20 6173 0ae2 8098 7465 ommand, as....te\n-0001ce40: 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2073 6572 rminal_input ser\n-0001ce50: 6961 6c20 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 2e20 ial console.... \n-0001ce60: 2049 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6173 652c 2061 In this case, a\n-0001ce70: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e 2077 6869 terminal in whi\n-0001ce80: 6368 2079 6f75 0a70 7265 7373 2061 6e79 ch you.press any\n-0001ce90: 206b 6579 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 656c key will be sel\n-0001cea0: 6563 7465 6420 6173 2061 2047 5255 4220 ected as a GRUB \n-0001ceb0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 terminal. In th\n-0001cec0: 6520 6578 616d 706c 650a 6162 6f76 652c e example.above,\n-0001ced0: 206e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 206e note that you n\n-0001cee0: 6565 6420 746f 2070 7574 2062 6f74 6820 eed to put both \n-0001cef0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 206f 6e20 7468 6520 commands on the \n-0001cf00: 7361 6d65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e same command lin\n-0001cf10: 652c 0a61 7320 796f 7520 7769 6c6c 206c e,.as you will l\n-0001cf20: 6f73 6520 7468 6520 6162 696c 6974 7920 ose the ability \n-0001cf30: 746f 2074 7970 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 to type commands\n-0001cf40: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 on the console \n-0001cf50: 6166 7465 7220 7468 650a 6669 7273 7420 after the.first \n-0001cf60: 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 2020 2048 6f77 command... How\n-0001cf70: 6576 6572 2c20 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 ever, note that \n-0001cf80: 4752 5542 2061 7373 756d 6573 2074 6861 GRUB assumes tha\n-0001cf90: 7420 796f 7572 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 t your terminal \n-0001cfa0: 656d 756c 6174 6f72 2069 730a 636f 6d70 emulator is.comp\n-0001cfb0: 6174 6962 6c65 2077 6974 6820 5654 3130 atible with VT10\n-0001cfc0: 3020 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2e20 2054 0 by default. T\n-0001cfd0: 6869 7320 6973 2074 7275 6520 666f 7220 his is true for \n-0001cfe0: 6d6f 7374 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a 656d most terminal.em\n-0001cff0: 756c 6174 6f72 7320 6e6f 7761 6461 7973 ulators nowadays\n-0001d000: 2c20 6275 7420 796f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 , but you should\n-0001d010: 2070 6173 7320 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e pass the option\n-0001d020: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6475 6d62 e280 9920 746f ...--dumb... to\n-0001d030: 2074 6865 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 6620 the.command if \n-0001d040: 796f 7572 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 656d your terminal em\n-0001d050: 756c 6174 6f72 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 5654 ulator is not VT\n-0001d060: 3130 302d 636f 6d70 6174 6962 6c65 206f 100-compatible o\n-0001d070: 7220 696d 706c 656d 656e 7473 0a66 6577 r implements.few\n-0001d080: 2056 5431 3030 2065 7363 6170 6520 7365 VT100 escape se\n-0001d090: 7175 656e 6365 732e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 quences. If you\n-0001d0a0: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2074 6869 7320 6f70 specify this op\n-0001d0b0: 7469 6f6e 2074 6865 6e20 4752 5542 0a70 tion then GRUB.p\n-0001d0c0: 726f 7669 6465 7320 796f 7520 7769 7468 rovides you with\n-0001d0d0: 2061 6e20 616c 7465 726e 6174 6976 6520 an alternative \n-0001d0e0: 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 menu interface, \n-0001d0f0: 6265 6361 7573 6520 7468 6520 6e6f 726d because the norm\n-0001d100: 616c 206d 656e 750a 7265 7175 6972 6573 al menu.requires\n-0001d110: 2073 6576 6572 616c 2066 616e 6379 2066 several fancy f\n-0001d120: 6561 7475 7265 7320 6f66 2079 6f75 7220 eatures of your \n-0001d130: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c terminal.....Fil\n-0001d140: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0001d150: 6f64 653a 2056 656e 646f 7220 706f 7765 ode: Vendor powe\n-0001d160: 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 732c 2020 4e65 7874 r-on keys, Next\n-0001d170: 3a20 496d 6167 6573 2c20 2050 7265 763a : Images, Prev:\n-0001d180: 2053 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c Serial terminal\n-0001d190: 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3130 2055 , Up: Top..10 U\n-0001d1a0: 7369 6e67 2047 5255 4220 7769 7468 2076 sing GRUB with v\n-0001d1b0: 656e 646f 7220 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b endor power-on k\n-0001d1c0: 6579 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a eys.************\n+0001c870: 2a2a 0a0a 5468 6973 2063 6861 7074 6572 **..This chapter\n+0001c880: 2064 6573 6372 6962 6573 2068 6f77 2074 describes how t\n+0001c890: 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6520 7365 7269 616c o use the serial\n+0001c8a0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7375 7070 6f72 terminal suppor\n+0001c8b0: 7420 696e 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2049 t in GRUB... I\n+0001c8c0: 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 206d 616e 7920 f you have many \n+0001c8d0: 636f 6d70 7574 6572 7320 6f72 2063 6f6d computers or com\n+0001c8e0: 7075 7465 7273 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 2064 puters with no d\n+0001c8f0: 6973 706c 6179 2f6b 6579 626f 6172 642c isplay/keyboard,\n+0001c900: 2069 740a 636f 756c 6420 6265 2076 6572 it.could be ver\n+0001c910: 7920 7573 6566 756c 2074 6f20 636f 6e74 y useful to cont\n+0001c920: 726f 6c20 7468 6520 636f 6d70 7574 6572 rol the computer\n+0001c930: 7320 7468 726f 7567 6820 7365 7269 616c s through serial\n+0001c940: 0a63 6f6d 6d75 6e69 6361 7469 6f6e 732e .communications.\n+0001c950: 2020 546f 2063 6f6e 6e65 6374 206f 6e65 To connect one\n+0001c960: 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 7769 7468 2061 computer with a\n+0001c970: 6e6f 7468 6572 2076 6961 2061 2073 6572 nother via a ser\n+0001c980: 6961 6c20 6c69 6e65 2c0a 796f 7520 6e65 ial line,.you ne\n+0001c990: 6564 2074 6f20 7072 6570 6172 6520 6120 ed to prepare a \n+0001c9a0: 6e75 6c6c 2d6d 6f64 656d 2028 6372 6f73 null-modem (cros\n+0001c9b0: 7329 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6361 626c 652c s) serial cable,\n+0001c9c0: 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 206d 6179 206e 6565 and you may nee\n+0001c9d0: 640a 746f 2068 6176 6520 6d75 6c74 6970 d.to have multip\n+0001c9e0: 6f72 7420 7365 7269 616c 2062 6f61 7264 ort serial board\n+0001c9f0: 732c 2069 6620 796f 7572 2063 6f6d 7075 s, if your compu\n+0001ca00: 7465 7220 646f 6573 6e27 7420 6861 7665 ter doesn't have\n+0001ca10: 2065 7874 7261 0a73 6572 6961 6c20 706f extra.serial po\n+0001ca20: 7274 732e 2020 496e 2061 6464 6974 696f rts. In additio\n+0001ca30: 6e2c 2061 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 656d n, a terminal em\n+0001ca40: 756c 6174 6f72 2069 7320 616c 736f 2072 ulator is also r\n+0001ca50: 6571 7569 7265 642c 2073 7563 680a 6173 equired, such.as\n+0001ca60: 206d 696e 6963 6f6d 2e20 2052 6566 6572 minicom. Refer\n+0001ca70: 2074 6f20 6120 6d61 6e75 616c 206f 6620 to a manual of \n+0001ca80: 796f 7572 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 your operating s\n+0001ca90: 7973 7465 6d2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 650a ystem, for more.\n+0001caa0: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 information... \n+0001cab0: 2041 7320 666f 7220 4752 5542 2c20 7468 As for GRUB, th\n+0001cac0: 6520 696e 7374 7275 6374 696f 6e20 746f e instruction to\n+0001cad0: 2073 6574 2075 7020 6120 7365 7269 616c set up a serial\n+0001cae0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6973 2071 7569 terminal is qui\n+0001caf0: 7465 0a73 696d 706c 652e 2020 4865 7265 te.simple. Here\n+0001cb00: 2069 7320 616e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a is an example:.\n+0001cb10: 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 7365 7269 . grub> seri\n+0001cb20: 616c 202d 2d75 6e69 743d 3020 2d2d 7370 al --unit=0 --sp\n+0001cb30: 6565 643d 3936 3030 0a20 2020 2020 6772 eed=9600. gr\n+0001cb40: 7562 3e20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 ub> terminal_inp\n+0001cb50: 7574 2073 6572 6961 6c3b 2074 6572 6d69 ut serial; termi\n+0001cb60: 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 2073 6572 6961 nal_output seria\n+0001cb70: 6c0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e l.. The comman\n+0001cb80: 6420 e280 9873 6572 6961 6ce2 8099 2069 d ...serial... i\n+0001cb90: 6e69 7469 616c 697a 6573 2074 6865 2073 nitializes the s\n+0001cba0: 6572 6961 6c20 756e 6974 2030 2077 6974 erial unit 0 wit\n+0001cbb0: 6820 7468 6520 7370 6565 640a 3936 3030 h the speed.9600\n+0001cbc0: 6270 732e 2020 5468 6520 7365 7269 616c bps. The serial\n+0001cbd0: 2075 6e69 7420 3020 6973 2075 7375 616c unit 0 is usual\n+0001cbe0: 6c79 2063 616c 6c65 6420 e280 9843 4f4d ly called ...COM\n+0001cbf0: 31e2 8099 2c20 736f 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 1..., so, if you\n+0001cc00: 2077 616e 7420 746f 0a75 7365 2043 4f4d want to.use COM\n+0001cc10: 322c 2079 6f75 206d 7573 7420 7370 6563 2, you must spec\n+0001cc20: 6966 7920 e280 982d 2d75 6e69 743d 31e2 ify ...--unit=1.\n+0001cc30: 8099 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2e20 2054 6869 .. instead. Thi\n+0001cc40: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6163 6365 7074 s command accept\n+0001cc50: 730a 6d61 6e79 206f 7468 6572 206f 7074 s.many other opt\n+0001cc60: 696f 6e73 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 7269 ions, *note seri\n+0001cc70: 616c 3a3a 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6465 al:: for more de\n+0001cc80: 7461 696c 732e 0a0a 2020 2057 6974 686f tails... Witho\n+0001cc90: 7574 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 6f72 2077 ut argument or w\n+0001cca0: 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d70 6f72 743d 6175 ith ...--port=au\n+0001ccb0: 746f e280 992c 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c to..., GRUB will\n+0001ccc0: 2061 7474 656d 7074 2074 6f20 7573 6520 attempt to use \n+0001ccd0: 4143 5049 0a77 6865 6e20 6176 6169 6c61 ACPI.when availa\n+0001cce0: 626c 6520 746f 2061 7574 6f2d 6465 7465 ble to auto-dete\n+0001ccf0: 6374 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2073 ct the default s\n+0001cd00: 6572 6961 6c20 706f 7274 2061 6e64 2069 erial port and i\n+0001cd10: 7473 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e ts.configuration\n+0001cd20: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e ... The comman\n+0001cd30: 6473 20e2 8098 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 ds ...terminal_i\n+0001cd40: 6e70 7574 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 nput... (*note t\n+0001cd50: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 743a 3a29 erminal_input::)\n+0001cd60: 2061 6e64 0ae2 8098 7465 726d 696e 616c and....terminal\n+0001cd70: 5f6f 7574 7075 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 _output... (*not\n+0001cd80: 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 e terminal_outpu\n+0001cd90: 743a 3a29 2063 686f 6f73 6520 7768 6963 t::) choose whic\n+0001cda0: 6820 7479 7065 206f 660a 7465 726d 696e h type of.termin\n+0001cdb0: 616c 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f 2075 al you want to u\n+0001cdc0: 7365 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6520 6361 7365 se. In the case\n+0001cdd0: 2061 626f 7665 2c20 7468 6520 7465 726d above, the term\n+0001cde0: 696e 616c 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2061 0a73 inal will be a.s\n+0001cdf0: 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2c20 erial terminal, \n+0001ce00: 6275 7420 796f 7520 6361 6e20 616c 736f but you can also\n+0001ce10: 2070 6173 7320 e280 9863 6f6e 736f 6c65 pass ...console\n+0001ce20: e280 9920 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 ... to the comma\n+0001ce30: 6e64 2c20 6173 0ae2 8098 7465 726d 696e nd, as....termin\n+0001ce40: 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2073 6572 6961 6c20 al_input serial \n+0001ce50: 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 2e20 2049 6e20 console.... In \n+0001ce60: 7468 6973 2063 6173 652c 2061 2074 6572 this case, a ter\n+0001ce70: 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e 2077 6869 6368 2079 minal in which y\n+0001ce80: 6f75 0a70 7265 7373 2061 6e79 206b 6579 ou.press any key\n+0001ce90: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 656c 6563 7465 will be selecte\n+0001cea0: 6420 6173 2061 2047 5255 4220 7465 726d d as a GRUB term\n+0001ceb0: 696e 616c 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6520 6578 inal. In the ex\n+0001cec0: 616d 706c 650a 6162 6f76 652c 206e 6f74 ample.above, not\n+0001ced0: 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 e that you need \n+0001cee0: 746f 2070 7574 2062 6f74 6820 636f 6d6d to put both comm\n+0001cef0: 616e 6473 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 ands on the same\n+0001cf00: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 652c 0a61 command line,.a\n+0001cf10: 7320 796f 7520 7769 6c6c 206c 6f73 6520 s you will lose \n+0001cf20: 7468 6520 6162 696c 6974 7920 746f 2074 the ability to t\n+0001cf30: 7970 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 206f 6e20 ype commands on \n+0001cf40: 7468 6520 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6166 7465 the console afte\n+0001cf50: 7220 7468 650a 6669 7273 7420 636f 6d6d r the.first comm\n+0001cf60: 616e 642e 0a0a 2020 2048 6f77 6576 6572 and... However\n+0001cf70: 2c20 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 , note that GRUB\n+0001cf80: 2061 7373 756d 6573 2074 6861 7420 796f assumes that yo\n+0001cf90: 7572 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 656d 756c ur terminal emul\n+0001cfa0: 6174 6f72 2069 730a 636f 6d70 6174 6962 ator is.compatib\n+0001cfb0: 6c65 2077 6974 6820 5654 3130 3020 6279 le with VT100 by\n+0001cfc0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2e20 2054 6869 7320 default. This \n+0001cfd0: 6973 2074 7275 6520 666f 7220 6d6f 7374 is true for most\n+0001cfe0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a 656d 756c 6174 terminal.emulat\n+0001cff0: 6f72 7320 6e6f 7761 6461 7973 2c20 6275 ors nowadays, bu\n+0001d000: 7420 796f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 2070 6173 t you should pas\n+0001d010: 7320 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 s the option ...\n+0001d020: 2d2d 6475 6d62 e280 9920 746f 2074 6865 --dumb... to the\n+0001d030: 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 6620 796f 7572 .command if your\n+0001d040: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 656d 756c 6174 terminal emulat\n+0001d050: 6f72 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 5654 3130 302d or is not VT100-\n+0001d060: 636f 6d70 6174 6962 6c65 206f 7220 696d compatible or im\n+0001d070: 706c 656d 656e 7473 0a66 6577 2056 5431 plements.few VT1\n+0001d080: 3030 2065 7363 6170 6520 7365 7175 656e 00 escape sequen\n+0001d090: 6365 732e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2073 7065 ces. If you spe\n+0001d0a0: 6369 6679 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e cify this option\n+0001d0b0: 2074 6865 6e20 4752 5542 0a70 726f 7669 then GRUB.provi\n+0001d0c0: 6465 7320 796f 7520 7769 7468 2061 6e20 des you with an \n+0001d0d0: 616c 7465 726e 6174 6976 6520 6d65 6e75 alternative menu\n+0001d0e0: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 6265 6361 interface, beca\n+0001d0f0: 7573 6520 7468 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 206d use the normal m\n+0001d100: 656e 750a 7265 7175 6972 6573 2073 6576 enu.requires sev\n+0001d110: 6572 616c 2066 616e 6379 2066 6561 7475 eral fancy featu\n+0001d120: 7265 7320 6f66 2079 6f75 7220 7465 726d res of your term\n+0001d130: 696e 616c 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 inal.....File: g\n+0001d140: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0001d150: 2056 656e 646f 7220 706f 7765 722d 6f6e Vendor power-on\n+0001d160: 206b 6579 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496d keys, Next: Im\n+0001d170: 6167 6573 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2053 6572 ages, Prev: Ser\n+0001d180: 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2c20 2055 ial terminal, U\n+0001d190: 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3130 2055 7369 6e67 p: Top..10 Using\n+0001d1a0: 2047 5255 4220 7769 7468 2076 656e 646f GRUB with vendo\n+0001d1b0: 7220 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 730a r power-on keys.\n+0001d1c0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n 0001d1d0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001d1e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a53 6f6d ***********..Som\n-0001d1f0: 6520 6c61 7074 6f70 2076 656e 646f 7273 e laptop vendors\n-0001d200: 2070 726f 7669 6465 2061 6e20 6164 6469 provide an addi\n-0001d210: 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 tional power-on \n-0001d220: 6275 7474 6f6e 2077 6869 6368 2062 6f6f button which boo\n-0001d230: 7473 0a61 6e6f 7468 6572 204f 532e 2047 ts.another OS. G\n-0001d240: 5255 4220 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2073 7563 RUB supports suc\n-0001d250: 6820 6275 7474 6f6e 7320 7769 7468 2074 h buttons with t\n-0001d260: 6865 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f he ...GRUB_TIMEO\n-0001d270: 5554 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 2c0a e280 UT_BUTTON...,...\n-0001d280: 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 .GRUB_TIMEOUT_ST\n-0001d290: 594c 455f 4255 5454 4f4e e280 992c 20e2 YLE_BUTTON..., .\n-0001d2a0: 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 5f42 ..GRUB_DEFAULT_B\n-0001d2b0: 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 2c20 616e 640a e280 UTTON..., and...\n-0001d2c0: 9847 5255 425f 4255 5454 4f4e 5f43 4d4f .GRUB_BUTTON_CMO\n-0001d2d0: 535f 4144 4452 4553 53e2 8099 2076 6172 S_ADDRESS... var\n-0001d2e0: 6961 626c 6573 2069 6e20 6465 6661 756c iables in defaul\n-0001d2f0: 742f 6772 7562 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 t/grub (*note Si\n-0001d300: 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 mple.configurati\n-0001d310: 6f6e 3a3a 292e 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f on::). ...GRUB_\n-0001d320: 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4255 5454 4f4e e280 TIMEOUT_BUTTON..\n-0001d330: 992c 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f ., ...GRUB_TIMEO\n-0001d340: 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 UT_STYLE_BUTTON.\n-0001d350: 8099 2c0a 616e 6420 e280 9847 5255 425f ..,.and ...GRUB_\n-0001d360: 4445 4641 554c 545f 4255 5454 4f4e e280 DEFAULT_BUTTON..\n-0001d370: 9920 6172 6520 7573 6564 2069 6e73 7465 . are used inste\n-0001d380: 6164 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 7272 6573 ad of the corres\n-0001d390: 706f 6e64 696e 670a 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ponding.variable\n-0001d3a0: 7320 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7468 6520 e280 s without the ..\n-0001d3b0: 985f 4255 5454 4f4e e280 9920 7375 6666 ._BUTTON... suff\n-0001d3c0: 6978 2077 6865 6e20 706f 7765 7265 6420 ix when powered \n-0001d3d0: 6f6e 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2073 7065 on using the spe\n-0001d3e0: 6369 616c 0a62 7574 746f 6e2e 2020 e280 cial.button. ..\n-0001d3f0: 9847 5255 425f 4255 5454 4f4e 5f43 4d4f .GRUB_BUTTON_CMO\n-0001d400: 535f 4144 4452 4553 53e2 8099 2069 7320 S_ADDRESS... is \n-0001d410: 7665 6e64 6f72 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 vendor-specific \n-0001d420: 616e 6420 7061 7274 6961 6c6c 790a 6d6f and partially.mo\n-0001d430: 6465 6c2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2e20 2056 del-specific. V\n-0001d440: 616c 7565 7320 6b6e 6f77 6e20 746f 2074 alues known to t\n-0001d450: 6865 2047 5255 4220 7465 616d 2061 7265 he GRUB team are\n-0001d460: 3a0a 0a3c 4465 6c6c 2058 5053 204d 3133 :... 121:3.\n-0001d480: 3c44 656c 6c20 5850 5320 4d31 3533 303e \n-0001d490: 0a20 2020 2020 3835 3a33 0a3c 4465 6c6c . 85:3.\n-0001d4b0: 0a20 2020 2020 3835 3a33 0a3c 4173 7573 . 85:3.. \n-0001d4d0: 2020 2020 3834 3a31 2028 756e 636f 6e66 84:1 (unconf\n-0001d4e0: 6972 6d65 6429 0a3c 4c45 4e4f 564f 2054 irmed).. 10\n-0001d510: 313a 330a 0a20 2020 546f 2074 616b 6520 1:3.. To take \n-0001d520: 6675 6c6c 2061 6476 616e 7461 6765 206f full advantage o\n-0001d530: 6620 7468 6973 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e2c f this function,\n-0001d540: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 696e install GRUB in\n-0001d550: 746f 2074 6865 204d 4252 0a28 2a6e 6f74 to the MBR.(*not\n-0001d560: 6520 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 e Installing GRU\n-0001d570: 4220 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 B using grub-ins\n-0001d580: 7461 6c6c 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 tall::)... If \n-0001d590: 796f 7520 6861 7665 2061 206c 6170 746f you have a lapto\n-0001d5a0: 7020 7768 6963 6820 6861 7320 6120 7369 p which has a si\n-0001d5b0: 6d69 6c61 7220 6665 6174 7572 6520 616e milar feature an\n-0001d5c0: 6420 6e6f 7420 696e 2074 6865 2061 626f d not in the abo\n-0001d5d0: 7665 0a6c 6973 7420 636f 756c 6420 796f ve.list could yo\n-0001d5e0: 7520 6669 6775 7265 2079 6f75 7220 6164 u figure your ad\n-0001d5f0: 6472 6573 7320 616e 6420 636f 6e74 7269 dress and contri\n-0001d600: 6275 7465 3f20 2054 6f20 6469 7363 6f76 bute? To discov\n-0001d610: 6572 2074 6865 0a61 6464 7265 7373 2064 er the.address d\n-0001d620: 6f20 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 673a o the following:\n-0001d630: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 626f 6f74 206e 6f72 . ... boot nor\n-0001d640: 6d61 6c6c 790a 2020 20e2 80a2 2020 2020 mally. ... \n-0001d650: 2020 7375 646f 206d 6f64 7072 6f62 6520 sudo modprobe \n-0001d660: 6e76 7261 6d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nvram. \n-0001d670: 7375 646f 2063 6174 202f 6465 762f 6e76 sudo cat /dev/nv\n-0001d680: 7261 6d20 7c20 7878 6420 3e20 6e6f 726d ram | xxd > norm\n-0001d690: 616c 5f62 7574 746f 6e2e 7478 740a 2020 al_button.txt. \n-0001d6a0: 20e2 80a2 2062 6f6f 7420 7573 696e 6720 ... boot using \n-0001d6b0: 7665 6e64 6f72 2062 7574 746f 6e0a 2020 vendor button. \n-0001d6c0: 20e2 80a2 2020 2020 2020 7375 646f 206d ... sudo m\n-0001d6d0: 6f64 7072 6f62 6520 6e76 7261 6d0a 2020 odprobe nvram. \n-0001d6e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7375 646f 2063 6174 sudo cat\n-0001d6f0: 202f 6465 762f 6e76 7261 6d20 7c20 7878 /dev/nvram | xx\n-0001d700: 6420 3e20 6e6f 726d 616c 5f76 656e 646f d > normal_vendo\n-0001d710: 722e 7478 740a 0a20 2020 5468 656e 2063 r.txt.. Then c\n-0001d720: 6f6d 7061 7265 2074 6865 7365 2074 6578 ompare these tex\n-0001d730: 7420 6669 6c65 7320 616e 6420 6669 6e64 t files and find\n-0001d740: 2077 6865 7265 2061 2062 6974 2077 6173 where a bit was\n-0001d750: 2074 6f67 676c 6564 2e20 2045 2e67 2e0a toggled. E.g..\n-0001d760: 696e 2063 6173 6520 6f66 2044 656c 6c20 in case of Dell \n-0001d770: 5850 5320 6974 2077 6173 3a0a 2020 2020 XPS it was:. \n-0001d780: 2062 7974 6520 3078 3437 3a20 3230 202d byte 0x47: 20 -\n-0001d790: 2d3e 2032 380a 2020 2049 7427 7320 6120 -> 28. It's a \n-0001d7a0: 6269 7420 6e75 6d62 6572 2033 2061 7320 bit number 3 as \n-0001d7b0: 7365 656e 2066 726f 6d20 666f 6c6c 6f77 seen from follow\n-0001d7c0: 696e 6720 7461 626c 653a 0a30 2020 2020 ing table:.0 \n-0001d7d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3031 0a31 2020 01.1 \n-0001d7e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3032 0a32 02.2\n-0001d7f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3034 04\n-0001d800: 0a33 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .3 \n-0001d810: 3038 0a34 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 08.4 \n-0001d820: 2020 3130 0a35 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 10.5 \n-0001d830: 2020 2020 3230 0a36 2020 2020 2020 2020 20.6 \n-0001d840: 2020 2020 2020 3430 0a37 2020 2020 2020 40.7 \n-0001d850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3830 0a0a 2020 2030 80.. 0\n-0001d860: 7834 3720 6973 2064 6563 696d 616c 2037 x47 is decimal 7\n-0001d870: 312e 2020 4c69 6e75 7820 6e76 7261 6d20 1. Linux nvram \n-0001d880: 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 2063 implementation c\n-0001d890: 7574 7320 6669 7273 7420 3134 2062 7974 uts first 14 byt\n-0001d8a0: 6573 0a6f 6620 434d 4f53 2e20 536f 2074 es.of CMOS. So t\n-0001d8b0: 6865 2072 6561 6c20 6279 7465 2061 6464 he real byte add\n-0001d8c0: 7265 7373 2069 6e20 434d 4f53 2069 7320 ress in CMOS is \n-0001d8d0: 3731 2b31 343d 3835 2053 6f20 636f 6d70 71+14=85 So comp\n-0001d8e0: 6c65 7465 0a61 6464 7265 7373 2069 7320 lete.address is \n-0001d8f0: 3835 3a33 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 85:3....File: gr\n-0001d900: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0001d910: 496d 6167 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2043 Images, Next: C\n-0001d920: 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 7369 7a65 206c ore image size l\n-0001d930: 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 imitation, Prev\n-0001d940: 3a20 5665 6e64 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f : Vendor power-o\n-0001d950: 6e20 6b65 7973 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 n keys, Up: Top\n-0001d960: 0a0a 3131 2047 5255 4220 696d 6167 6520 ..11 GRUB image \n-0001d970: 6669 6c65 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a files.**********\n-0001d980: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a47 5255 4220 *********..GRUB \n-0001d990: 636f 6e73 6973 7473 206f 6620 7365 7665 consists of seve\n-0001d9a0: 7261 6c20 696d 6167 6573 3a20 6120 7661 ral images: a va\n-0001d9b0: 7269 6574 7920 6f66 2062 6f6f 7473 7472 riety of bootstr\n-0001d9c0: 6170 2069 6d61 6765 7320 666f 720a 7374 ap images for.st\n-0001d9d0: 6172 7469 6e67 2047 5255 4220 696e 2076 arting GRUB in v\n-0001d9e0: 6172 696f 7573 2077 6179 732c 2061 206b arious ways, a k\n-0001d9f0: 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 652c 2061 6e64 ernel image, and\n-0001da00: 2061 2073 6574 206f 6620 6d6f 6475 6c65 a set of module\n-0001da10: 730a 7768 6963 6820 6172 6520 636f 6d62 s.which are comb\n-0001da20: 696e 6564 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6b65 ined with the ke\n-0001da30: 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 666f rnel image to fo\n-0001da40: 726d 2061 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 652e rm a core image.\n-0001da50: 2020 4865 7265 2069 730a 6120 7368 6f72 Here is.a shor\n-0001da60: 7420 6f76 6572 7669 6577 206f 6620 7468 t overview of th\n-0001da70: 656d 2e0a 0ae2 8098 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 em......boot.img\n-0001da80: e280 990a 2020 2020 204f 6e20 5043 2042 .... On PC B\n-0001da90: 494f 5320 7379 7374 656d 732c 2074 6869 IOS systems, thi\n-0001daa0: 7320 696d 6167 6520 6973 2074 6865 2066 s image is the f\n-0001dab0: 6972 7374 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2047 5255 irst part of GRU\n-0001dac0: 4220 746f 2073 7461 7274 2e0a 2020 2020 B to start.. \n-0001dad0: 2049 7420 6973 2077 7269 7474 656e 2074 It is written t\n-0001dae0: 6f20 6120 6d61 7374 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 o a master boot \n-0001daf0: 7265 636f 7264 2028 4d42 5229 206f 7220 record (MBR) or \n-0001db00: 746f 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 6374 to the boot sect\n-0001db10: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2061 2070 6172 or. of a par\n-0001db20: 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2042 6563 6175 7365 tition. Because\n-0001db30: 2061 2050 4320 626f 6f74 2073 6563 746f a PC boot secto\n-0001db40: 7220 6973 2035 3132 2062 7974 6573 2c20 r is 512 bytes, \n-0001db50: 7468 6520 7369 7a65 206f 660a 2020 2020 the size of. \n-0001db60: 2074 6869 7320 696d 6167 6520 6973 2065 this image is e\n-0001db70: 7861 6374 6c79 2035 3132 2062 7974 6573 xactly 512 bytes\n-0001db80: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 736f 6c65 ... The sole\n-0001db90: 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6f66 20e2 8098 function of ...\n-0001dba0: 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 6973 2074 boot.img... is t\n-0001dbb0: 6f20 7265 6164 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 o read the first\n-0001dbc0: 2073 6563 746f 7220 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 sector of the. \n-0001dbd0: 2020 2020 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2066 core image f\n-0001dbe0: 726f 6d20 6120 6c6f 6361 6c20 6469 736b rom a local disk\n-0001dbf0: 2061 6e64 206a 756d 7020 746f 2069 742e and jump to it.\n-0001dc00: 2020 4265 6361 7573 6520 6f66 2074 6865 Because of the\n-0001dc10: 2073 697a 650a 2020 2020 2072 6573 7472 size. restr\n-0001dc20: 6963 7469 6f6e 2c20 e280 9862 6f6f 742e iction, ...boot.\n-0001dc30: 696d 67e2 8099 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 756e img... cannot un\n-0001dc40: 6465 7273 7461 6e64 2061 6e79 2066 696c derstand any fil\n-0001dc50: 6520 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 7374 e system. st\n-0001dc60: 7275 6374 7572 652c 2073 6f20 e280 9867 ructure, so ...g\n-0001dc70: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2068 rub-install... h\n-0001dc80: 6172 6463 6f64 6573 2074 6865 206c 6f63 ardcodes the loc\n-0001dc90: 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6972 ation of the fir\n-0001dca0: 7374 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6374 6f72 206f st. sector o\n-0001dcb0: 6620 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 f the core image\n-0001dcc0: 2069 6e74 6f20 e280 9862 6f6f 742e 696d into ...boot.im\n-0001dcd0: 67e2 8099 2077 6865 6e20 696e 7374 616c g... when instal\n-0001dce0: 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 422e 0a0a e280 9864 ling GRUB......d\n-0001dcf0: 6973 6b62 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 0a20 iskboot.img.... \n-0001dd00: 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 2069 This image i\n-0001dd10: 7320 7573 6564 2061 7320 7468 6520 6669 s used as the fi\n-0001dd20: 7273 7420 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 rst sector of th\n-0001dd30: 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2077 6865 e core image whe\n-0001dd40: 6e0a 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 n. booting f\n-0001dd50: 726f 6d20 6120 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2e rom a hard disk.\n-0001dd60: 2020 4974 2072 6561 6473 2074 6865 2072 It reads the r\n-0001dd70: 6573 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 est of the core \n-0001dd80: 696d 6167 6520 696e 746f 0a20 2020 2020 image into. \n-0001dd90: 6d65 6d6f 7279 2061 6e64 2073 7461 7274 memory and start\n-0001dda0: 7320 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2e20 2053 s the kernel. S\n-0001ddb0: 696e 6365 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d ince file system\n-0001ddc0: 2068 616e 646c 696e 6720 6973 206e 6f74 handling is not\n-0001ddd0: 0a20 2020 2020 7965 7420 6176 6169 6c61 . yet availa\n-0001dde0: 626c 652c 2069 7420 656e 636f 6465 7320 ble, it encodes \n-0001ddf0: 7468 6520 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 the location of \n-0001de00: 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2075 the core image u\n-0001de10: 7369 6e67 2061 0a20 2020 2020 626c 6f63 sing a. bloc\n-0001de20: 6b20 6c69 7374 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 0a0a k list format...\n-0001de30: e280 9863 6462 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 ...cdboot.img...\n-0001de40: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 . This image\n-0001de50: 2069 7320 7573 6564 2061 7320 7468 6520 is used as the \n-0001de60: 6669 7273 7420 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 first sector of \n-0001de70: 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2077 the core image w\n-0001de80: 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 hen. booting\n-0001de90: 2066 726f 6d20 6120 4344 2d52 4f4d 2064 from a CD-ROM d\n-0001dea0: 7269 7665 2e20 2049 7420 7065 7266 6f72 rive. It perfor\n-0001deb0: 6d73 2061 2073 696d 696c 6172 2066 756e ms a similar fun\n-0001dec0: 6374 696f 6e20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 ction to. ..\n-0001ded0: 9864 6973 6b62 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 .diskboot.img...\n-0001dee0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 7078 6562 6f6f 742e 696d ......pxeboot.im\n-0001def0: 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 g.... 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N\n-0001e580: 6576 6572 7468 656c 6573 732c 2047 5255 evertheless, GRU\n-0001e590: 4220 4c65 6761 6379 0a75 7365 7273 206f B Legacy.users o\n-0001e5a0: 6674 656e 2061 736b 2071 7565 7374 696f ften ask questio\n-0001e5b0: 6e73 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7465 726d 7320 ns in the terms \n-0001e5c0: 7468 6579 2061 7265 2066 616d 696c 6961 they are familia\n-0001e5d0: 7220 7769 7468 2c20 616e 6420 736f 0a68 r with, and so.h\n-0001e5e0: 6572 6520 6973 2061 2062 7269 6566 2067 ere is a brief g\n-0001e5f0: 7569 6465 2074 6f20 686f 7720 4752 5542 uide to how GRUB\n-0001e600: 2032 2773 2069 6d61 6765 7320 7265 6c61 2's images rela\n-0001e610: 7465 2074 6f20 7468 6174 2e0a 0ae2 8098 te to that......\n-0001e620: 7374 6167 6531 e280 990a 2020 2020 2053 stage1.... S\n-0001e630: 7461 6765 2031 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 tage 1 from GRUB\n-0001e640: 204c 6567 6163 7920 7761 7320 7665 7279 Legacy was very\n-0001e650: 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 6f20 e280 9862 similar to ...b\n-0001e660: 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 2069 6e20 4752 oot.img... in GR\n-0001e670: 5542 2032 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2074 UB 2,. and t\n-0001e680: 6865 7920 7365 7276 6520 7468 6520 7361 hey serve the sa\n-0001e690: 6d65 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e2e 0a0a e280 me function.....\n-0001e6a0: 982a 5f73 7461 6765 315f 35e2 8099 0a20 .*_stage1_5.... \n-0001e6b0: 2020 2020 496e 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 In GRUB Lega\n-0001e6c0: 6379 2c20 5374 6167 6520 312e 3527 7320 cy, Stage 1.5's \n-0001e6d0: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2077 6173 2074 6f20 function was to \n-0001e6e0: 696e 636c 7564 6520 656e 6f75 6768 0a20 include enough. \n-0001e6f0: 2020 2020 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2063 filesystem c\n-0001e700: 6f64 6520 746f 2061 6c6c 6f77 2074 6865 ode to allow the\n-0001e710: 206d 7563 6820 6c61 7267 6572 2053 7461 much larger Sta\n-0001e720: 6765 2032 2074 6f20 6265 2072 6561 6420 ge 2 to be read \n-0001e730: 6672 6f6d 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 206f 7264 from an. ord\n-0001e740: 696e 6172 7920 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d inary filesystem\n-0001e750: 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6973 2072 6573 7065 . In this respe\n-0001e760: 6374 2c20 6974 7320 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e ct, its function\n-0001e770: 2077 6173 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 6f0a was similar to.\n-0001e780: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 ...core.img\n-0001e790: e280 9920 696e 2047 5255 4220 322e 2020 ... in GRUB 2. \n-0001e7a0: 486f 7765 7665 722c 20e2 8098 636f 7265 However, ...core\n-0001e7b0: 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 6973 206d 7563 6820 .img... is much \n-0001e7c0: 6d6f 7265 2063 6170 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 more capable. \n-0001e7d0: 2020 7468 616e 2053 7461 6765 2031 2e35 than Stage 1.5\n-0001e7e0: 2077 6173 3b20 7369 6e63 6520 6974 206f was; since it o\n-0001e7f0: 6666 6572 7320 6120 7265 7363 7565 2073 ffers a rescue s\n-0001e800: 6865 6c6c 2c20 6974 2069 7320 736f 6d65 hell, it is some\n-0001e810: 7469 6d65 730a 2020 2020 2070 6f73 7369 times. possi\n-0001e820: 626c 6520 746f 2072 6563 6f76 6572 206d ble to recover m\n-0001e830: 616e 7561 6c6c 7920 696e 2074 6865 2065 anually in the e\n-0001e840: 7665 6e74 2074 6861 7420 6974 2069 7320 vent that it is \n-0001e850: 756e 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 0a20 unable to load. \n-0001e860: 2020 2020 616e 7920 6f74 6865 7220 6d6f any other mo\n-0001e870: 6475 6c65 732c 2066 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 dules, for examp\n-0001e880: 6c65 2069 6620 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 le if partition \n-0001e890: 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 6861 7665 2063 6861 numbers have cha\n-0001e8a0: 6e67 6564 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 636f nged.. ...co\n-0001e8b0: 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 6973 2062 7569 re.img... is bui\n-0001e8c0: 6c74 2069 6e20 6120 6d6f 7265 2066 6c65 lt in a more fle\n-0001e8d0: 7869 626c 6520 7761 792c 2061 6c6c 6f77 xible way, allow\n-0001e8e0: 696e 6720 4752 5542 2032 2074 6f0a 2020 ing GRUB 2 to. \n-0001e8f0: 2020 2073 7570 706f 7274 2072 6561 6469 support readi\n-0001e900: 6e67 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2066 726f 6d20 ng modules from \n-0001e910: 6164 7661 6e63 6564 2064 6973 6b20 7479 advanced disk ty\n-0001e920: 7065 7320 7375 6368 2061 7320 4c56 4d20 pes such as LVM \n-0001e930: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2052 4149 442e 0a0a and. RAID...\n-0001e940: 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 GRUB Legacy\n-0001e950: 2063 6f75 6c64 2072 756e 2077 6974 6820 could run with \n-0001e960: 6f6e 6c79 2053 7461 6765 2031 2061 6e64 only Stage 1 and\n-0001e970: 2053 7461 6765 2032 2069 6e20 736f 6d65 Stage 2 in some\n-0001e980: 206c 696d 6974 6564 0a20 2020 2020 636f limited. co\n-0001e990: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 7768 nfigurations, wh\n-0001e9a0: 696c 6520 4752 5542 2032 2072 6571 7569 ile GRUB 2 requi\n-0001e9b0: 7265 7320 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 res ...core.img.\n-0001e9c0: 8099 2061 6e64 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 776f .. and cannot wo\n-0001e9d0: 726b 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 6f75 7420 rk. without \n-0001e9e0: 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 7374 6167 6532 e280 it......stage2..\n-0001e9f0: 990a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 3220 6861 .. GRUB 2 ha\n-0001ea00: 7320 6e6f 2073 696e 676c 6520 5374 6167 s no single Stag\n-0001ea10: 6520 3220 696d 6167 652e 2020 496e 7374 e 2 image. Inst\n-0001ea20: 6561 642c 2069 7420 6c6f 6164 7320 6d6f ead, it loads mo\n-0001ea30: 6475 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 dules from. \n-0001ea40: e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 .../boot/grub...\n-0001ea50: 2061 7420 7275 6e2d 7469 6d65 2e0a 0ae2 at run-time....\n-0001ea60: 8098 7374 6167 6532 5f65 6c74 6f72 6974 ..stage2_eltorit\n-0001ea70: 6fe2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 496e 2047 5255 o.... In GRU\n-0001ea80: 4220 322c 2069 6d61 6765 7320 666f 7220 B 2, images for \n-0001ea90: 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2043 442d booting from CD-\n-0001eaa0: 524f 4d20 6472 6976 6573 2061 7265 206e ROM drives are n\n-0001eab0: 6f77 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e73 7472 7563 ow. construc\n-0001eac0: 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 e280 9863 6462 ted using ...cdb\n-0001ead0: 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 oot.img... and .\n-0001eae0: 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 992c 206d ..core.img..., m\n-0001eaf0: 616b 696e 6720 7375 7265 2074 6861 7420 aking sure that \n-0001eb00: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f72 6520 696d the. core im\n-0001eb10: 6167 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 age contains the\n-0001eb20: 20e2 8098 6973 6f39 3636 30e2 8099 206d ...iso9660... m\n-0001eb30: 6f64 756c 652e 2020 4974 2069 7320 7573 odule. It is us\n-0001eb40: 7561 6c6c 7920 6265 7374 2074 6f0a 2020 ually best to. \n-0001eb50: 2020 2075 7365 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6772 use the ...gr\n-0001eb60: 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 65e2 8099 2070 ub-mkrescue... p\n-0001eb70: 726f 6772 616d 2066 6f72 2074 6869 732e rogram for this.\n-0001eb80: 0a0a e280 986e 6267 7275 62e2 8099 0a20 .....nbgrub.... \n-0001eb90: 2020 2020 5468 6572 6520 6973 2061 7320 There is as \n-0001eba0: 7965 7420 6e6f 2065 7175 6976 616c 656e yet no equivalen\n-0001ebb0: 7420 666f 7220 e280 986e 6267 7275 62e2 t for ...nbgrub.\n-0001ebc0: 8099 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2032 3b20 6974 .. in GRUB 2; it\n-0001ebd0: 2077 6173 2075 7365 640a 2020 2020 2062 was used. b\n-0001ebe0: 7920 4574 6865 7262 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 y Etherboot and \n-0001ebf0: 736f 6d65 206f 7468 6572 206e 6574 776f some other netwo\n-0001ec00: 726b 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 732e rk boot loaders.\n-0001ec10: 0a0a e280 9870 7865 6772 7562 e280 990a .....pxegrub....\n-0001ec20: 2020 2020 2049 6e20 4752 5542 2032 2c20 In GRUB 2, \n-0001ec30: 696d 6167 6573 2066 6f72 2050 5845 206e images for PXE n\n-0001ec40: 6574 776f 726b 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2061 etwork booting a\n-0001ec50: 7265 206e 6f77 2063 6f6e 7374 7275 6374 re now construct\n-0001ec60: 6564 2075 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 e280 ed using. ..\n-0001ec70: 9870 7865 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 .pxeboot.img... \n-0001ec80: 616e 6420 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 and ...core.img.\n-0001ec90: 8099 2c20 6d61 6b69 6e67 2073 7572 6520 .., making sure \n-0001eca0: 7468 6174 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d that the core im\n-0001ecb0: 6167 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7461 696e age. contain\n-0001ecc0: 7320 7468 6520 e280 9870 7865 e280 9920 s the ...pxe... \n-0001ecd0: 616e 6420 e280 9870 7865 636d 64e2 8099 and ...pxecmd...\n-0001ece0: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 modules. *Note\n-0001ecf0: 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 Network::.....F\n-0001ed00: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0001ed10: 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6f72 6520 696d 6167 Node: Core imag\n-0001ed20: 6520 7369 7a65 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f e size limitatio\n-0001ed30: 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 n, Next: Filesy\n-0001ed40: 7374 656d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6d61 stem, Prev: Ima\n-0001ed50: 6765 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 ges, Up: Top..1\n-0001ed60: 3220 436f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2073 697a 2 Core image siz\n-0001ed70: 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2a2a e limitation.***\n+0001d1e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a53 6f6d 6520 6c61 *******..Some la\n+0001d1f0: 7074 6f70 2076 656e 646f 7273 2070 726f ptop vendors pro\n+0001d200: 7669 6465 2061 6e20 6164 6469 7469 6f6e vide an addition\n+0001d210: 616c 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 6275 7474 al power-on butt\n+0001d220: 6f6e 2077 6869 6368 2062 6f6f 7473 0a61 on which boots.a\n+0001d230: 6e6f 7468 6572 204f 532e 2047 5255 4220 nother OS. GRUB \n+0001d240: 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2073 7563 6820 6275 supports such bu\n+0001d250: 7474 6f6e 7320 7769 7468 2074 6865 20e2 ttons with the .\n+0001d260: 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f42 ..GRUB_TIMEOUT_B\n+0001d270: 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 2c0a e280 9847 5255 UTTON...,....GRU\n+0001d280: 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c 455f B_TIMEOUT_STYLE_\n+0001d290: 4255 5454 4f4e e280 992c 20e2 8098 4752 BUTTON..., ...GR\n+0001d2a0: 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 5f42 5554 544f UB_DEFAULT_BUTTO\n+0001d2b0: 4ee2 8099 2c20 616e 640a e280 9847 5255 N..., and....GRU\n+0001d2c0: 425f 4255 5454 4f4e 5f43 4d4f 535f 4144 B_BUTTON_CMOS_AD\n+0001d2d0: 4452 4553 53e2 8099 2076 6172 6961 626c DRESS... variabl\n+0001d2e0: 6573 2069 6e20 6465 6661 756c 742f 6772 es in default/gr\n+0001d2f0: 7562 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 ub (*note Simple\n+0001d300: 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a .configuration::\n+0001d310: 292e 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 ). ...GRUB_TIME\n+0001d320: 4f55 545f 4255 5454 4f4e e280 992c 20e2 OUT_BUTTON..., .\n+0001d330: 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 ..GRUB_TIMEOUT_S\n+0001d340: 5459 4c45 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 2c0a TYLE_BUTTON...,.\n+0001d350: 616e 6420 e280 9847 5255 425f 4445 4641 and ...GRUB_DEFA\n+0001d360: 554c 545f 4255 5454 4f4e e280 9920 6172 ULT_BUTTON... ar\n+0001d370: 6520 7573 6564 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f e used instead o\n+0001d380: 6620 7468 6520 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 f the correspond\n+0001d390: 696e 670a 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 7769 ing.variables wi\n+0001d3a0: 7468 6f75 7420 7468 6520 e280 985f 4255 thout the ..._BU\n+0001d3b0: 5454 4f4e e280 9920 7375 6666 6978 2077 TTON... suffix w\n+0001d3c0: 6865 6e20 706f 7765 7265 6420 6f6e 2075 hen powered on u\n+0001d3d0: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 616c sing the special\n+0001d3e0: 0a62 7574 746f 6e2e 2020 e280 9847 5255 .button. ...GRU\n+0001d3f0: 425f 4255 5454 4f4e 5f43 4d4f 535f 4144 B_BUTTON_CMOS_AD\n+0001d400: 4452 4553 53e2 8099 2069 7320 7665 6e64 DRESS... is vend\n+0001d410: 6f72 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 616e 6420 or-specific and \n+0001d420: 7061 7274 6961 6c6c 790a 6d6f 6465 6c2d partially.model-\n+0001d430: 7370 6563 6966 6963 2e20 2056 616c 7565 specific. Value\n+0001d440: 7320 6b6e 6f77 6e20 746f 2074 6865 2047 s known to the G\n+0001d450: 5255 4220 7465 616d 2061 7265 3a0a 0a3c RUB team are:..<\n+0001d460: 4465 6c6c 2058 5053 204d 3133 3330 4d3e Dell XPS M1330M>\n+0001d470: 0a20 2020 2020 3132 313a 330a 3c44 656c . 121:3.. \n+0001d490: 2020 3835 3a33 0a3c 4465 6c6c 204c 6174 85:3.. \n+0001d4b0: 2020 3835 3a33 0a3c 4173 7573 2045 6565 85:3.. \n+0001d4d0: 3834 3a31 2028 756e 636f 6e66 6972 6d65 84:1 (unconfirme\n+0001d4e0: 6429 0a3c 4c45 4e4f 564f 2054 6869 6e6b d).. 101:3.\n+0001d510: 0a20 2020 546f 2074 616b 6520 6675 6c6c . To take full\n+0001d520: 2061 6476 616e 7461 6765 206f 6620 7468 advantage of th\n+0001d530: 6973 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e2c 2069 6e73 is function, ins\n+0001d540: 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 696e 746f 2074 tall GRUB into t\n+0001d550: 6865 204d 4252 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e he MBR.(*note In\n+0001d560: 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 7573 stalling GRUB us\n+0001d570: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ing grub-install\n+0001d580: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 ::)... If you \n+0001d590: 6861 7665 2061 206c 6170 746f 7020 7768 have a laptop wh\n+0001d5a0: 6963 6820 6861 7320 6120 7369 6d69 6c61 ich has a simila\n+0001d5b0: 7220 6665 6174 7572 6520 616e 6420 6e6f r feature and no\n+0001d5c0: 7420 696e 2074 6865 2061 626f 7665 0a6c t in the above.l\n+0001d5d0: 6973 7420 636f 756c 6420 796f 7520 6669 ist could you fi\n+0001d5e0: 6775 7265 2079 6f75 7220 6164 6472 6573 gure your addres\n+0001d5f0: 7320 616e 6420 636f 6e74 7269 6275 7465 s and contribute\n+0001d600: 3f20 2054 6f20 6469 7363 6f76 6572 2074 ? To discover t\n+0001d610: 6865 0a61 6464 7265 7373 2064 6f20 7468 he.address do th\n+0001d620: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 673a 0a20 2020 e following:. \n+0001d630: e280 a220 626f 6f74 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c ... boot normall\n+0001d640: 790a 2020 20e2 80a2 2020 2020 2020 7375 y. ... su\n+0001d650: 646f 206d 6f64 7072 6f62 6520 6e76 7261 do modprobe nvra\n+0001d660: 6d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7375 646f m. sudo\n+0001d670: 2063 6174 202f 6465 762f 6e76 7261 6d20 cat /dev/nvram \n+0001d680: 7c20 7878 6420 3e20 6e6f 726d 616c 5f62 | xxd > normal_b\n+0001d690: 7574 746f 6e2e 7478 740a 2020 20e2 80a2 utton.txt. ...\n+0001d6a0: 2062 6f6f 7420 7573 696e 6720 7665 6e64 boot using vend\n+0001d6b0: 6f72 2062 7574 746f 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 or button. ...\n+0001d6c0: 2020 2020 2020 7375 646f 206d 6f64 7072 sudo modpr\n+0001d6d0: 6f62 6520 6e76 7261 6d0a 2020 2020 2020 obe nvram. \n+0001d6e0: 2020 2020 7375 646f 2063 6174 202f 6465 sudo cat /de\n+0001d6f0: 762f 6e76 7261 6d20 7c20 7878 6420 3e20 v/nvram | xxd > \n+0001d700: 6e6f 726d 616c 5f76 656e 646f 722e 7478 normal_vendor.tx\n+0001d710: 740a 0a20 2020 5468 656e 2063 6f6d 7061 t.. Then compa\n+0001d720: 7265 2074 6865 7365 2074 6578 7420 6669 re these text fi\n+0001d730: 6c65 7320 616e 6420 6669 6e64 2077 6865 les and find whe\n+0001d740: 7265 2061 2062 6974 2077 6173 2074 6f67 re a bit was tog\n+0001d750: 676c 6564 2e20 2045 2e67 2e0a 696e 2063 gled. E.g..in c\n+0001d760: 6173 6520 6f66 2044 656c 6c20 5850 5320 ase of Dell XPS \n+0001d770: 6974 2077 6173 3a0a 2020 2020 2062 7974 it was:. byt\n+0001d780: 6520 3078 3437 3a20 3230 202d 2d3e 2032 e 0x47: 20 --> 2\n+0001d790: 380a 2020 2049 7427 7320 6120 6269 7420 8. It's a bit \n+0001d7a0: 6e75 6d62 6572 2033 2061 7320 7365 656e number 3 as seen\n+0001d7b0: 2066 726f 6d20 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 from following \n+0001d7c0: 7461 626c 653a 0a30 2020 2020 2020 2020 table:.0 \n+0001d7d0: 2020 2020 2020 3031 0a31 2020 2020 2020 01.1 \n+0001d7e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3032 0a32 2020 2020 02.2 \n+0001d7f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3034 0a33 2020 04.3 \n+0001d800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3038 0a34 08.4\n+0001d810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3130 10\n+0001d820: 0a35 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .5 \n+0001d830: 3230 0a36 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 20.6 \n+0001d840: 2020 3430 0a37 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 40.7 \n+0001d850: 2020 2020 3830 0a0a 2020 2030 7834 3720 80.. 0x47 \n+0001d860: 6973 2064 6563 696d 616c 2037 312e 2020 is decimal 71. \n+0001d870: 4c69 6e75 7820 6e76 7261 6d20 696d 706c Linux nvram impl\n+0001d880: 656d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 2063 7574 7320 ementation cuts \n+0001d890: 6669 7273 7420 3134 2062 7974 6573 0a6f first 14 bytes.o\n+0001d8a0: 6620 434d 4f53 2e20 536f 2074 6865 2072 f CMOS. So the r\n+0001d8b0: 6561 6c20 6279 7465 2061 6464 7265 7373 eal byte address\n+0001d8c0: 2069 6e20 434d 4f53 2069 7320 3731 2b31 in CMOS is 71+1\n+0001d8d0: 343d 3835 2053 6f20 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 4=85 So complete\n+0001d8e0: 0a61 6464 7265 7373 2069 7320 3835 3a33 .address is 85:3\n+0001d8f0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0001d900: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496d 6167 nfo, Node: Imag\n+0001d910: 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2043 6f72 6520 es, Next: Core \n+0001d920: 696d 6167 6520 7369 7a65 206c 696d 6974 image size limit\n+0001d930: 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5665 ation, Prev: Ve\n+0001d940: 6e64 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 6b65 ndor power-on ke\n+0001d950: 7973 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3131 ys, Up: Top..11\n+0001d960: 2047 5255 4220 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 GRUB image file\n+0001d970: 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a s.**************\n+0001d980: 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a47 5255 4220 636f 6e73 *****..GRUB cons\n+0001d990: 6973 7473 206f 6620 7365 7665 7261 6c20 ists of several \n+0001d9a0: 696d 6167 6573 3a20 6120 7661 7269 6574 images: a variet\n+0001d9b0: 7920 6f66 2062 6f6f 7473 7472 6170 2069 y of bootstrap i\n+0001d9c0: 6d61 6765 7320 666f 720a 7374 6172 7469 mages for.starti\n+0001d9d0: 6e67 2047 5255 4220 696e 2076 6172 696f ng GRUB in vario\n+0001d9e0: 7573 2077 6179 732c 2061 206b 6572 6e65 us ways, a kerne\n+0001d9f0: 6c20 696d 6167 652c 2061 6e64 2061 2073 l image, and a s\n+0001da00: 6574 206f 6620 6d6f 6475 6c65 730a 7768 et of modules.wh\n+0001da10: 6963 6820 6172 6520 636f 6d62 696e 6564 ich are combined\n+0001da20: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c with the kernel\n+0001da30: 2069 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 666f 726d 2061 image to form a\n+0001da40: 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 652e 2020 4865 core image. He\n+0001da50: 7265 2069 730a 6120 7368 6f72 7420 6f76 re is.a short ov\n+0001da60: 6572 7669 6577 206f 6620 7468 656d 2e0a erview of them..\n+0001da70: 0ae2 8098 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 990a ....boot.img....\n+0001da80: 2020 2020 204f 6e20 5043 2042 494f 5320 On PC BIOS \n+0001da90: 7379 7374 656d 732c 2074 6869 7320 696d systems, this im\n+0001daa0: 6167 6520 6973 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 age is the first\n+0001dab0: 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2047 5255 4220 746f part of GRUB to\n+0001dac0: 2073 7461 7274 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 7420 start.. It \n+0001dad0: 6973 2077 7269 7474 656e 2074 6f20 6120 is written to a \n+0001dae0: 6d61 7374 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 7265 636f master boot reco\n+0001daf0: 7264 2028 4d42 5229 206f 7220 746f 2074 rd (MBR) or to t\n+0001db00: 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 6374 6f72 0a20 he boot sector. \n+0001db10: 2020 2020 6f66 2061 2070 6172 7469 7469 of a partiti\n+0001db20: 6f6e 2e20 2042 6563 6175 7365 2061 2050 on. Because a P\n+0001db30: 4320 626f 6f74 2073 6563 746f 7220 6973 C boot sector is\n+0001db40: 2035 3132 2062 7974 6573 2c20 7468 6520 512 bytes, the \n+0001db50: 7369 7a65 206f 660a 2020 2020 2074 6869 size of. thi\n+0001db60: 7320 696d 6167 6520 6973 2065 7861 6374 s image is exact\n+0001db70: 6c79 2035 3132 2062 7974 6573 2e0a 0a20 ly 512 bytes... \n+0001db80: 2020 2020 5468 6520 736f 6c65 2066 756e The sole fun\n+0001db90: 6374 696f 6e20 6f66 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 ction of ...boot\n+0001dba0: 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 6973 2074 6f20 7265 .img... is to re\n+0001dbb0: 6164 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2073 6563 ad the first sec\n+0001dbc0: 746f 7220 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 tor of the. \n+0001dbd0: 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2066 726f 6d20 core image from \n+0001dbe0: 6120 6c6f 6361 6c20 6469 736b 2061 6e64 a local disk and\n+0001dbf0: 206a 756d 7020 746f 2069 742e 2020 4265 jump to it. Be\n+0001dc00: 6361 7573 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2073 697a cause of the siz\n+0001dc10: 650a 2020 2020 2072 6573 7472 6963 7469 e. restricti\n+0001dc20: 6f6e 2c20 e280 9862 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 on, ...boot.img.\n+0001dc30: 8099 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 756e 6465 7273 .. cannot unders\n+0001dc40: 7461 6e64 2061 6e79 2066 696c 6520 7379 tand any file sy\n+0001dc50: 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 7374 7275 6374 stem. struct\n+0001dc60: 7572 652c 2073 6f20 e280 9867 7275 622d ure, so ...grub-\n+0001dc70: 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2068 6172 6463 install... hardc\n+0001dc80: 6f64 6573 2074 6865 206c 6f63 6174 696f odes the locatio\n+0001dc90: 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 0a20 n of the first. \n+0001dca0: 2020 2020 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 sector of th\n+0001dcb0: 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2069 6e74 e core image int\n+0001dcc0: 6f20 e280 9862 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 o ...boot.img...\n+0001dcd0: 2077 6865 6e20 696e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 when installing\n+0001dce0: 2047 5255 422e 0a0a e280 9864 6973 6b62 GRUB......diskb\n+0001dcf0: 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 oot.img.... \n+0001dd00: 5468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 7573 This image is us\n+0001dd10: 6564 2061 7320 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 ed as the first \n+0001dd20: 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f sector of the co\n+0001dd30: 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2077 6865 6e0a 2020 re image when. \n+0001dd40: 2020 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 booting from \n+0001dd50: 6120 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 4974 a hard disk. It\n+0001dd60: 2072 6561 6473 2074 6865 2072 6573 7420 reads the rest \n+0001dd70: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 of the core imag\n+0001dd80: 6520 696e 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6d6f e into. memo\n+0001dd90: 7279 2061 6e64 2073 7461 7274 7320 7468 ry and starts th\n+0001dda0: 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2e20 2053 696e 6365 e kernel. Since\n+0001ddb0: 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2068 616e file system han\n+0001ddc0: 646c 696e 6720 6973 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 dling is not. \n+0001ddd0: 2020 7965 7420 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652c yet available,\n+0001dde0: 2069 7420 656e 636f 6465 7320 7468 6520 it encodes the \n+0001ddf0: 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 location of the \n+0001de00: 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2075 7369 6e67 core image using\n+0001de10: 2061 0a20 2020 2020 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 a. block li\n+0001de20: 7374 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 0a0a e280 9863 st format......c\n+0001de30: 6462 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 dboot.img.... \n+0001de40: 2020 5468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 This image is \n+0001de50: 7573 6564 2061 7320 7468 6520 6669 7273 used as the firs\n+0001de60: 7420 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6520 t sector of the \n+0001de70: 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2077 6865 6e0a core image when.\n+0001de80: 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f booting fro\n+0001de90: 6d20 6120 4344 2d52 4f4d 2064 7269 7665 m a CD-ROM drive\n+0001dea0: 2e20 2049 7420 7065 7266 6f72 6d73 2061 . It performs a\n+0001deb0: 2073 696d 696c 6172 2066 756e 6374 696f similar functio\n+0001dec0: 6e20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9864 6973 n to. ...dis\n+0001ded0: 6b62 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 kboot.img.......\n+0001dee0: 8098 7078 6562 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 ..pxeboot.img...\n+0001def0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 . This image\n+0001df00: 2069 7320 7573 6564 2061 7320 7468 6520 is used as the \n+0001df10: 7374 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 start of the cor\n+0001df20: 6520 696d 6167 6520 7768 656e 2062 6f6f e image when boo\n+0001df30: 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d0a 2020 2020 2074 ting from. t\n+0001df40: 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b 2075 7369 6e67 he network using\n+0001df50: 2050 5845 2e20 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 PXE. *Note Netw\n+0001df60: 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a e280 986c 6e78 626f ork::......lnxbo\n+0001df70: 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 ot.img.... T\n+0001df80: 6869 7320 696d 6167 6520 6d61 7920 6265 his image may be\n+0001df90: 2070 6c61 6365 6420 6174 2074 6865 2073 placed at the s\n+0001dfa0: 7461 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 7265 tart of the core\n+0001dfb0: 2069 6d61 6765 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 image in order \n+0001dfc0: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6b65 2047 5255 to. make GRU\n+0001dfd0: 4220 6c6f 6f6b 2065 6e6f 7567 6820 6c69 B look enough li\n+0001dfe0: 6b65 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 ke a Linux kerne\n+0001dff0: 6c20 7468 6174 2069 7420 6361 6e20 6265 l that it can be\n+0001e000: 2062 6f6f 7465 6420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 booted by. \n+0001e010: 4c49 4c4f 2075 7369 6e67 2061 6e20 e280 LILO using an ..\n+0001e020: 9869 6d61 6765 3de2 8099 2073 6563 7469 .image=... secti\n+0001e030: 6f6e 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 on......kernel.i\n+0001e040: 6d67 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 mg.... This \n+0001e050: 696d 6167 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2047 image contains G\n+0001e060: 5255 4227 7320 6261 7369 6320 7275 6e2d RUB's basic run-\n+0001e070: 7469 6d65 2066 6163 696c 6974 6965 733a time facilities:\n+0001e080: 2066 7261 6d65 776f 726b 730a 2020 2020 frameworks. \n+0001e090: 2066 6f72 2064 6576 6963 6520 616e 6420 for device and \n+0001e0a0: 6669 6c65 2068 616e 646c 696e 672c 2065 file handling, e\n+0001e0b0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+0001e0c0: 626c 6573 2c20 7468 6520 7265 7363 7565 bles, the rescue\n+0001e0d0: 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f 6465 2063 6f6d 6d61 . mode comma\n+0001e0e0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 7061 7273 6572 2c20 nd-line parser, \n+0001e0f0: 616e 6420 736f 206f 6e2e 2020 4974 2069 and so on. It i\n+0001e100: 7320 7261 7265 6c79 2075 7365 6420 6469 s rarely used di\n+0001e110: 7265 6374 6c79 2c0a 2020 2020 2062 7574 rectly,. but\n+0001e120: 2069 7320 6275 696c 7420 696e 746f 2061 is built into a\n+0001e130: 6c6c 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6573 2e0a ll core images..\n+0001e140: 0ae2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 990a ....core.img....\n+0001e150: 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6973 2074 6865 This is the\n+0001e160: 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 6f66 2047 core image of G\n+0001e170: 5255 422e 2049 7420 6973 2062 7569 6c74 RUB. It is built\n+0001e180: 2064 796e 616d 6963 616c 6c79 2066 726f dynamically fro\n+0001e190: 6d20 7468 650a 2020 2020 206b 6572 6e65 m the. kerne\n+0001e1a0: 6c20 696d 6167 6520 616e 6420 616e 2061 l image and an a\n+0001e1b0: 7262 6974 7261 7279 206c 6973 7420 6f66 rbitrary list of\n+0001e1c0: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2062 7920 7468 6520 modules by the \n+0001e1d0: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 65e2 ...grub-mkimage.\n+0001e1e0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f67 7261 6d2e ... program.\n+0001e1f0: 2020 5573 7561 6c6c 792c 2069 7420 636f Usually, it co\n+0001e200: 6e74 6169 6e73 2065 6e6f 7567 6820 6d6f ntains enough mo\n+0001e210: 6475 6c65 7320 746f 2061 6363 6573 730a dules to access.\n+0001e220: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 .../boot/gr\n+0001e230: 7562 e280 992c 2061 6e64 206c 6f61 6473 ub..., and loads\n+0001e240: 2065 7665 7279 7468 696e 6720 656c 7365 everything else\n+0001e250: 2028 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 6d65 6e75 (including menu\n+0001e260: 2068 616e 646c 696e 672c 0a20 2020 2020 handling,. \n+0001e270: 7468 6520 6162 696c 6974 7920 746f 206c the ability to l\n+0001e280: 6f61 6420 7461 7267 6574 206f 7065 7261 oad target opera\n+0001e290: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 616e ting systems, an\n+0001e2a0: 6420 736f 206f 6e29 2066 726f 6d20 7468 d so on) from th\n+0001e2b0: 650a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 e. file syst\n+0001e2c0: 656d 2061 7420 7275 6e2d 7469 6d65 2e20 em at run-time. \n+0001e2d0: 2054 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6172 2064 6573 The modular des\n+0001e2e0: 6967 6e20 616c 6c6f 7773 2074 6865 2063 ign allows the c\n+0001e2f0: 6f72 6520 696d 6167 650a 2020 2020 2074 ore image. t\n+0001e300: 6f20 6265 206b 6570 7420 736d 616c 6c2c o be kept small,\n+0001e310: 2073 696e 6365 2074 6865 2061 7265 6173 since the areas\n+0001e320: 206f 6620 6469 736b 2077 6865 7265 2069 of disk where i\n+0001e330: 7420 6d75 7374 2062 650a 2020 2020 2069 t must be. i\n+0001e340: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2061 7265 206f 6674 nstalled are oft\n+0001e350: 656e 2061 7320 736d 616c 6c20 6173 2033 en as small as 3\n+0001e360: 324b 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 202a 4e6f 7465 2KB... *Note\n+0001e370: 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 BIOS installati\n+0001e380: 6f6e 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6465 7461 696c on::, for detail\n+0001e390: 7320 6f6e 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 2063 s on where the c\n+0001e3a0: 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 6361 6e0a 2020 ore image can. \n+0001e3b0: 2020 2062 6520 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 be installed \n+0001e3c0: 6f6e 2050 4320 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a on PC systems...\n+0001e3d0: e280 982a 2e6d 6f64 e280 990a 2020 2020 ...*.mod.... \n+0001e3e0: 2045 7665 7279 7468 696e 6720 656c 7365 Everything else\n+0001e3f0: 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2072 6573 6964 6573 in GRUB resides\n+0001e400: 2069 6e20 6479 6e61 6d69 6361 6c6c 7920 in dynamically \n+0001e410: 6c6f 6164 6162 6c65 206d 6f64 756c 6573 loadable modules\n+0001e420: 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 7365 2061 7265 .. These are\n+0001e430: 206f 6674 656e 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6175 often loaded au\n+0001e440: 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 792c 206f 7220 tomatically, or \n+0001e450: 6275 696c 7420 696e 746f 2074 6865 2063 built into the c\n+0001e460: 6f72 6520 696d 6167 650a 2020 2020 2069 ore image. i\n+0001e470: 6620 7468 6579 2061 7265 2065 7373 656e f they are essen\n+0001e480: 7469 616c 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 616c tial, but may al\n+0001e490: 736f 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 206d 616e so be loaded man\n+0001e4a0: 7561 6c6c 7920 7573 696e 6720 7468 650a ually using the.\n+0001e4b0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 696e 736d 6f64 e280 ...insmod..\n+0001e4c0: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 . command (*note\n+0001e4d0: 2069 6e73 6d6f 643a 3a29 2e0a 0a46 6f72 insmod::)...For\n+0001e4e0: 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2075 7365 GRUB Legacy use\n+0001e4f0: 7273 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d rs.=============\n+0001e500: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2032 ========..GRUB 2\n+0001e510: 2068 6173 2061 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 has a different\n+0001e520: 2064 6573 6967 6e20 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 design from GRU\n+0001e530: 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2c20 616e 6420 736f B Legacy, and so\n+0001e540: 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6465 6e63 6573 correspondences\n+0001e550: 0a77 6974 6820 7468 6520 696d 6167 6573 .with the images\n+0001e560: 2069 7420 7573 6564 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 it used cannot \n+0001e570: 6265 2065 7861 6374 2e20 204e 6576 6572 be exact. 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I\n+0001e750: 6e20 7468 6973 2072 6573 7065 6374 2c20 n this respect, \n+0001e760: 6974 7320 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2077 6173 its function was\n+0001e770: 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 similar to. \n+0001e780: 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 ...core.img... \n+0001e790: 696e 2047 5255 4220 322e 2020 486f 7765 in GRUB 2. Howe\n+0001e7a0: 7665 722c 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 ver, ...core.img\n+0001e7b0: e280 9920 6973 206d 7563 6820 6d6f 7265 ... is much more\n+0001e7c0: 2063 6170 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 7468 capable. th\n+0001e7d0: 616e 2053 7461 6765 2031 2e35 2077 6173 an Stage 1.5 was\n+0001e7e0: 3b20 7369 6e63 6520 6974 206f 6666 6572 ; since it offer\n+0001e7f0: 7320 6120 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c s a rescue shell\n+0001e800: 2c20 6974 2069 7320 736f 6d65 7469 6d65 , it is sometime\n+0001e810: 730a 2020 2020 2070 6f73 7369 626c 6520 s. possible \n+0001e820: 746f 2072 6563 6f76 6572 206d 616e 7561 to recover manua\n+0001e830: 6c6c 7920 696e 2074 6865 2065 7665 6e74 lly in the event\n+0001e840: 2074 6861 7420 6974 2069 7320 756e 6162 that it is unab\n+0001e850: 6c65 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 0a20 2020 2020 le to load. \n+0001e860: 616e 7920 6f74 6865 7220 6d6f 6475 6c65 any other module\n+0001e870: 732c 2066 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2069 s, for example i\n+0001e880: 6620 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 f partition numb\n+0001e890: 6572 7320 6861 7665 2063 6861 6e67 6564 ers have changed\n+0001e8a0: 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 .. ...core.i\n+0001e8b0: 6d67 e280 9920 6973 2062 7569 6c74 2069 mg... is built i\n+0001e8c0: 6e20 6120 6d6f 7265 2066 6c65 7869 626c n a more flexibl\n+0001e8d0: 6520 7761 792c 2061 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 e way, allowing \n+0001e8e0: 4752 5542 2032 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2073 GRUB 2 to. s\n+0001e8f0: 7570 706f 7274 2072 6561 6469 6e67 206d upport reading m\n+0001e900: 6f64 756c 6573 2066 726f 6d20 6164 7661 odules from adva\n+0001e910: 6e63 6564 2064 6973 6b20 7479 7065 7320 nced disk types \n+0001e920: 7375 6368 2061 7320 4c56 4d20 616e 640a such as LVM and.\n+0001e930: 2020 2020 2052 4149 442e 0a0a 2020 2020 RAID... \n+0001e940: 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2063 6f75 GRUB Legacy cou\n+0001e950: 6c64 2072 756e 2077 6974 6820 6f6e 6c79 ld run with only\n+0001e960: 2053 7461 6765 2031 2061 6e64 2053 7461 Stage 1 and Sta\n+0001e970: 6765 2032 2069 6e20 736f 6d65 206c 696d ge 2 in some lim\n+0001e980: 6974 6564 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 ited. config\n+0001e990: 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 7768 696c 6520 urations, while \n+0001e9a0: 4752 5542 2032 2072 6571 7569 7265 7320 GRUB 2 requires \n+0001e9b0: e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2061 ...core.img... a\n+0001e9c0: 6e64 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 776f 726b 0a20 nd cannot work. \n+0001e9d0: 2020 2020 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6974 2e0a without it..\n+0001e9e0: 0ae2 8098 7374 6167 6532 e280 990a 2020 ....stage2.... \n+0001e9f0: 2020 2047 5255 4220 3220 6861 7320 6e6f GRUB 2 has no\n+0001ea00: 2073 696e 676c 6520 5374 6167 6520 3220 single Stage 2 \n+0001ea10: 696d 6167 652e 2020 496e 7374 6561 642c image. Instead,\n+0001ea20: 2069 7420 6c6f 6164 7320 6d6f 6475 6c65 it loads module\n+0001ea30: 7320 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982f s from. .../\n+0001ea40: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2061 7420 boot/grub... at \n+0001ea50: 7275 6e2d 7469 6d65 2e0a 0ae2 8098 7374 run-time......st\n+0001ea60: 6167 6532 5f65 6c74 6f72 6974 6fe2 8099 age2_eltorito...\n+0001ea70: 0a20 2020 2020 496e 2047 5255 4220 322c . In GRUB 2,\n+0001ea80: 2069 6d61 6765 7320 666f 7220 626f 6f74 images for boot\n+0001ea90: 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2043 442d 524f 4d20 ing from CD-ROM \n+0001eaa0: 6472 6976 6573 2061 7265 206e 6f77 0a20 drives are now. \n+0001eab0: 2020 2020 636f 6e73 7472 7563 7465 6420 constructed \n+0001eac0: 7573 696e 6720 e280 9863 6462 6f6f 742e using ...cdboot.\n+0001ead0: 696d 67e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 636f img... and ...co\n+0001eae0: 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 992c 206d 616b 696e re.img..., makin\n+0001eaf0: 6720 7375 7265 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a g sure that the.\n+0001eb00: 2020 2020 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 core image \n+0001eb10: 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 20e2 8098 contains the ...\n+0001eb20: 6973 6f39 3636 30e2 8099 206d 6f64 756c iso9660... modul\n+0001eb30: 652e 2020 4974 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c e. It is usuall\n+0001eb40: 7920 6265 7374 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2075 y best to. u\n+0001eb50: 7365 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d se the ...grub-m\n+0001eb60: 6b72 6573 6375 65e2 8099 2070 726f 6772 krescue... progr\n+0001eb70: 616d 2066 6f72 2074 6869 732e 0a0a e280 am for this.....\n+0001eb80: 986e 6267 7275 62e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 .nbgrub.... \n+0001eb90: 5468 6572 6520 6973 2061 7320 7965 7420 There is as yet \n+0001eba0: 6e6f 2065 7175 6976 616c 656e 7420 666f no equivalent fo\n+0001ebb0: 7220 e280 986e 6267 7275 62e2 8099 2069 r ...nbgrub... i\n+0001ebc0: 6e20 4752 5542 2032 3b20 6974 2077 6173 n GRUB 2; it was\n+0001ebd0: 2075 7365 640a 2020 2020 2062 7920 4574 used. by Et\n+0001ebe0: 6865 7262 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 736f 6d65 herboot and some\n+0001ebf0: 206f 7468 6572 206e 6574 776f 726b 2062 other network b\n+0001ec00: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 732e 0a0a e280 oot loaders.....\n+0001ec10: 9870 7865 6772 7562 e280 990a 2020 2020 .pxegrub.... \n+0001ec20: 2049 6e20 4752 5542 2032 2c20 696d 6167 In GRUB 2, imag\n+0001ec30: 6573 2066 6f72 2050 5845 206e 6574 776f es for PXE netwo\n+0001ec40: 726b 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2061 7265 206e rk booting are n\n+0001ec50: 6f77 2063 6f6e 7374 7275 6374 6564 2075 ow constructed u\n+0001ec60: 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9870 7865 sing. ...pxe\n+0001ec70: 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 616e 6420 boot.img... and \n+0001ec80: e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2c20 ...core.img..., \n+0001ec90: 6d61 6b69 6e67 2073 7572 6520 7468 6174 making sure that\n+0001eca0: 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 650a the core image.\n+0001ecb0: 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 7468 contains th\n+0001ecc0: 6520 e280 9870 7865 e280 9920 616e 6420 e ...pxe... and \n+0001ecd0: e280 9870 7865 636d 64e2 8099 206d 6f64 ...pxecmd... mod\n+0001ece0: 756c 6573 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 ules. *Note Net\n+0001ecf0: 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a work::.....File:\n+0001ed00: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0001ed10: 653a 2043 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 7369 e: Core image si\n+0001ed20: 7a65 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 ze limitation, \n+0001ed30: 4e65 7874 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d Next: Filesystem\n+0001ed40: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6d61 6765 732c , Prev: Images,\n+0001ed50: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3220 436f Up: Top..12 Co\n+0001ed60: 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2073 697a 6520 6c69 re image size li\n+0001ed70: 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a mitation.*******\n 0001ed80: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001ed90: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4865 6176 **********..Heav\n-0001eda0: 696c 7920 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 706c 6174 ily limited plat\n-0001edb0: 666f 726d 733a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6933 forms:. ... i3\n-0001edc0: 3836 2d70 6320 286e 6f72 6d61 6c20 616e 86-pc (normal an\n-0001edd0: 6420 5058 4529 3a20 7468 6520 636f 7265 d PXE): the core\n-0001ede0: 2069 6d61 6765 2073 697a 6520 2863 6f6d image size (com\n-0001edf0: 7072 6573 7365 6429 2069 730a 2020 2020 pressed) is. \n-0001ee00: 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 3435 3832 limited by 4582\n-0001ee10: 3430 2062 7974 6573 2e20 206b 6572 6e65 40 bytes. kerne\n-0001ee20: 6c2e 696d 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e l.img (.text + .\n-0001ee30: 6461 7461 202b 202e 6273 732c 0a20 2020 data + .bss,. \n-0001ee40: 2020 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2920 uncompressed) \n-0001ee50: 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 3339 is limited by 39\n-0001ee60: 3237 3034 2062 7974 6573 2e20 206d 6f64 2704 bytes. mod\n-0001ee70: 756c 6520 7369 7a65 0a20 2020 2020 2875 ule size. (u\n-0001ee80: 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6429 202b 206b ncompressed) + k\n-0001ee90: 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 282e 7465 7874 ernel.img (.text\n-0001eea0: 202b 202e 6461 7461 2c20 756e 636f 6d70 + .data, uncomp\n-0001eeb0: 7265 7373 6564 2920 6973 0a20 2020 2020 ressed) is. \n-0001eec0: 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2074 6865 2073 limited by the s\n-0001eed0: 697a 6520 6f66 2063 6f6e 7469 6775 6f75 ize of contiguou\n-0001eee0: 7320 6368 756e 6b20 6174 2031 4d20 6164 s chunk at 1M ad\n-0001eef0: 6472 6573 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 7370 dress.. ... sp\n-0001ef00: 6172 6336 342d 6965 6565 3132 3735 3a20 arc64-ieee1275: \n-0001ef10: 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 kernel.img (.tex\n-0001ef20: 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 6120 2b20 2e62 7373 t + .data + .bss\n-0001ef30: 2920 2b20 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 2b0a 2020 ) + modules +. \n-0001ef40: 2020 2032 3536 4b20 2873 7461 636b 2920 256K (stack) \n-0001ef50: 2b20 324d 2028 6865 6170 2920 6973 206c + 2M (heap) is l\n-0001ef60: 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 7370 6163 6520 imited by space \n-0001ef70: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6174 2030 7834 available at 0x4\n-0001ef80: 3430 302e 0a20 2020 2020 4f6e 206d 6f73 400.. On mos\n-0001ef90: 7420 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6974 2773 t platforms it's\n-0001efa0: 206a 7573 7420 3320 6f72 2034 4d20 7369 just 3 or 4M si\n-0001efb0: 6e63 6520 6965 6565 3132 3735 206d 6170 nce ieee1275 map\n-0001efc0: 7320 6f6e 6c79 2073 6f0a 2020 2020 206d s only so. m\n-0001efd0: 7563 682e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6933 3836 uch.. ... i386\n-0001efe0: 2d69 6565 6531 3237 353a 206b 6572 6e65 -ieee1275: kerne\n-0001eff0: 6c2e 696d 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e l.img (.text + .\n-0001f000: 6461 7461 202b 202e 6273 7329 202b 206d data + .bss) + m\n-0001f010: 6f64 756c 6573 2069 730a 2020 2020 206c odules is. l\n-0001f020: 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 6d65 6d6f 7279 imited by memory\n-0001f030: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2061 7420 3078 available at 0x\n-0001f040: 3130 3030 302c 2061 7420 6d6f 7374 2035 10000, at most 5\n-0001f050: 3936 4b0a 0a20 2020 4c69 6768 746c 7920 96K.. Lightly \n-0001f060: 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 706c 6174 666f 726d limited platform\n-0001f070: 733a 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 202a 2d78 656e s:.. ... *-xen\n-0001f080: 3a20 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6f6e 6c79 2062 : limited only b\n-0001f090: 7920 6164 7265 7373 2073 7061 6365 2061 y adress space a\n-0001f0a0: 6e64 2052 414d 2073 697a 652e 0a20 2020 nd RAM size.. \n-0001f0b0: e280 a220 6933 3836 2d71 656d 753a 206b ... i386-qemu: k\n-0001f0c0: 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 282e 7465 7874 ernel.img (.text\n-0001f0d0: 202b 202e 6461 7461 202b 202e 6273 7329 + .data + .bss)\n-0001f0e0: 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2033 is limited by 3\n-0001f0f0: 3932 3730 340a 2020 2020 2062 7974 6573 92704. bytes\n-0001f100: 2e20 2028 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 2077 6f75 . (core.img wou\n-0001f110: 6c64 2062 6520 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 ld be limited by\n-0001f120: 2052 4f4d 2073 697a 6520 6275 7420 6974 ROM size but it\n-0001f130: 2773 2075 6e6c 696d 6974 6564 0a20 2020 's unlimited. \n-0001f140: 2020 6f6e 2071 656d 750a 2020 20e2 80a2 on qemu. ...\n-0001f150: 2041 6c6c 2045 4649 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 All EFI platfor\n-0001f160: 6d73 3a20 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2063 ms: limited by c\n-0001f170: 6f6e 7469 6775 6f75 7320 5241 4d20 7369 ontiguous RAM si\n-0001f180: 7a65 2061 6e64 2070 6f73 7369 626c 790a ze and possibly.\n-0001f190: 2020 2020 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 6275 firmware bu\n-0001f1a0: 6773 0a20 2020 e280 a220 436f 7265 626f gs. ... Corebo\n-0001f1b0: 6f74 2061 6e64 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 ot and multiboot\n-0001f1c0: 2e20 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 282e . kernel.img (.\n-0001f1d0: 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 202b 202e text + .data + .\n-0001f1e0: 6273 7329 2069 730a 2020 2020 206c 696d bss) is. lim\n-0001f1f0: 6974 6564 2062 7920 3339 3237 3034 2062 ited by 392704 b\n-0001f200: 7974 6573 2e20 206d 6f64 756c 6520 7369 ytes. module si\n-0001f210: 7a65 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 ze is limited by\n-0001f220: 2074 6865 2073 697a 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 the size of. \n-0001f230: 2020 636f 6e74 6967 756f 7573 2063 6875 contiguous chu\n-0001f240: 6e6b 2061 7420 314d 2061 6464 7265 7373 nk at 1M address\n-0001f250: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 206d 6970 7365 6c2d .. ... mipsel-\n-0001f260: 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2028 454c 4629 2c20 loongson (ELF), \n-0001f270: 6d69 7073 2865 6c29 2d71 656d 755f 6d69 mips(el)-qemu_mi\n-0001f280: 7073 2028 454c 4629 3a20 6966 2075 6e63 ps (ELF): if unc\n-0001f290: 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 643a 0a20 2020 2020 ompressed:. \n-0001f2a0: 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 kernel.img (.tex\n-0001f2b0: 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 6129 202b 206d 6f64 t + .data) + mod\n-0001f2c0: 756c 6573 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 ules is limited \n-0001f2d0: 6279 2074 6865 2073 7061 6365 2066 726f by the space fro\n-0001f2e0: 6d0a 2020 2020 2038 3032 3030 3030 3020 m. 80200000 \n-0001f2f0: 666f 7277 6172 6420 6966 2063 6f6d 7072 forward if compr\n-0001f300: 6573 7365 643a 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d essed: kernel.im\n-0001f310: 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 g (.text + .data\n-0001f320: 2c0a 2020 2020 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 ,. uncompres\n-0001f330: 7365 6429 202b 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2028 sed) + modules (\n-0001f340: 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2920 2b20 uncompressed) + \n-0001f350: 286d 6f64 756c 6573 202b 206b 6572 6e65 (modules + kerne\n-0001f360: 6c2e 696d 670a 2020 2020 2028 2e74 6578 l.img. (.tex\n-0001f370: 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 6129 2920 2863 6f6d t + .data)) (com\n-0001f380: 7072 6573 7365 6429 202b 2064 6563 6f6d pressed) + decom\n-0001f390: 7072 6573 736f 7220 6973 206c 696d 6974 pressor is limit\n-0001f3a0: 6564 2062 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 2073 ed by the. s\n-0001f3b0: 7061 6365 2066 726f 6d20 3830 3230 3030 pace from 802000\n-0001f3c0: 3030 2066 6f72 7761 7264 0a20 2020 e280 00 forward. ..\n-0001f3d0: a220 6d69 7073 656c 2d6c 6f6f 6e67 736f . mipsel-loongso\n-0001f3e0: 6e20 2846 6c61 7368 292c 206d 6970 7328 n (Flash), mips(\n-0001f3f0: 656c 292d 7165 6d75 5f6d 6970 7320 2846 el)-qemu_mips (F\n-0001f400: 6c61 7368 293a 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d lash): kernel.im\n-0001f410: 670a 2020 2020 2028 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 g. (.text + \n-0001f420: 2e64 6174 6129 202b 206d 6f64 756c 6573 .data) + modules\n-0001f430: 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2074 is limited by t\n-0001f440: 6865 2073 7061 6365 2066 726f 6d20 3830 he space from 80\n-0001f450: 3230 3030 3030 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7277 200000. forw\n-0001f460: 6172 6420 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 2028 6669 ard core.img (fi\n-0001f470: 6e61 6c29 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 nal) is limited \n-0001f480: 6279 2066 6c61 7368 2073 697a 6520 2835 by flash size (5\n-0001f490: 3132 4b20 6f6e 2079 6565 6c6f 6f6e 670a 12K on yeeloong.\n-0001f4a0: 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2066 756c 6f6f 6f6e and fulooon\n-0001f4b0: 6729 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6d69 7073 2d61 g). ... mips-a\n-0001f4c0: 7263 3a20 6966 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 rc: if uncompres\n-0001f4d0: 7365 643a 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 sed: kernel.img \n-0001f4e0: 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 2920 (.text + .data) \n-0001f4f0: 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 790a 2020 is limited by. \n-0001f500: 2020 2074 6865 2073 7061 6365 2066 726f the space fro\n-0001f510: 6d20 3862 6430 3030 3030 2066 6f72 7761 m 8bd00000 forwa\n-0001f520: 7264 206d 6f64 756c 6573 202b 2064 756d rd modules + dum\n-0001f530: 6d79 2064 6563 6f6d 7072 6573 736f 7220 my decompressor \n-0001f540: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 is. limited \n-0001f550: 6279 2074 6865 2073 7061 6365 2066 726f by the space fro\n-0001f560: 6d20 3862 6430 3030 3030 2062 6163 6b77 m 8bd00000 backw\n-0001f570: 6172 6420 6966 2063 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 ard if compresse\n-0001f580: 643a 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 d:. kernel.i\n-0001f590: 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 mg (.text + .dat\n-0001f5a0: 612c 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6429 a, uncompressed)\n-0001f5b0: 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2074 is limited by t\n-0001f5c0: 6865 2073 7061 6365 0a20 2020 2020 6672 he space. fr\n-0001f5d0: 6f6d 2038 6264 3030 3030 3020 666f 7277 om 8bd00000 forw\n-0001f5e0: 6172 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 2875 6e63 ard modules (unc\n-0001f5f0: 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6429 202b 2028 6d6f ompressed) + (mo\n-0001f600: 6475 6c65 7320 2b0a 2020 2020 206b 6572 dules +. ker\n-0001f610: 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b nel.img (.text +\n-0001f620: 202e 6461 7461 2929 2028 636f 6d70 7265 .data)) (compre\n-0001f630: 7373 6564 2c20 616c 6967 6e65 6420 746f ssed, aligned to\n-0001f640: 2031 4d29 202b 2031 4d0a 2020 2020 2028 1M) + 1M. (\n-0001f650: 6465 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6f72 202b 2073 decompressor + s\n-0001f660: 6372 6174 6368 2073 7061 6365 2920 6973 cratch space) is\n-0001f670: 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 limited by the \n-0001f680: 7370 6163 6520 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 space from. \n-0001f690: 3862 6430 3030 3030 2062 6163 6b77 6172 8bd00000 backwar\n-0001f6a0: 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 2070 6f77 6572 7063 d. ... powerpc\n-0001f6b0: 2d69 6565 6531 3237 353a 206b 6572 6e65 -ieee1275: kerne\n-0001f6c0: 6c2e 696d 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e l.img (.text + .\n-0001f6d0: 6461 7461 202b 202e 6273 7329 202b 206d data + .bss) + m\n-0001f6e0: 6f64 756c 6573 2069 730a 2020 2020 206c odules is. l\n-0001f6f0: 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 7370 6163 6520 imited by space \n-0001f700: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6174 2030 7832 available at 0x2\n-0001f710: 3030 3030 300a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 00000....File: g\n-0001f720: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0001f730: 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2c 2020 4e65 Filesystem, Ne\n-0001f740: 7874 3a20 496e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 xt: Interface, \n-0001f750: 5072 6576 3a20 436f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 Prev: Core image\n-0001f760: 2073 697a 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e size limitation\n-0001f770: 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3133 2046 , Up: Top..13 F\n-0001f780: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 7379 6e74 6178 ilesystem syntax\n-0001f790: 2061 6e64 2073 656d 616e 7469 6373 0a2a and semantics.*\n+0001ed90: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4865 6176 696c 7920 ******..Heavily \n+0001eda0: 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 706c 6174 666f 726d limited platform\n+0001edb0: 733a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6933 3836 2d70 s:. ... i386-p\n+0001edc0: 6320 286e 6f72 6d61 6c20 616e 6420 5058 c (normal and PX\n+0001edd0: 4529 3a20 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 E): the core ima\n+0001ede0: 6765 2073 697a 6520 2863 6f6d 7072 6573 ge size (compres\n+0001edf0: 7365 6429 2069 730a 2020 2020 206c 696d sed) is. lim\n+0001ee00: 6974 6564 2062 7920 3435 3832 3430 2062 ited by 458240 b\n+0001ee10: 7974 6573 2e20 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d ytes. kernel.im\n+0001ee20: 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 g (.text + .data\n+0001ee30: 202b 202e 6273 732c 0a20 2020 2020 756e + .bss,. un\n+0001ee40: 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2920 6973 206c compressed) is l\n+0001ee50: 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 3339 3237 3034 imited by 392704\n+0001ee60: 2062 7974 6573 2e20 206d 6f64 756c 6520 bytes. module \n+0001ee70: 7369 7a65 0a20 2020 2020 2875 6e63 6f6d size. 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Lightly limi\n+0001f060: 7465 6420 706c 6174 666f 726d 733a 0a0a ted platforms:..\n+0001f070: 2020 20e2 80a2 202a 2d78 656e 3a20 6c69 ... *-xen: li\n+0001f080: 6d69 7465 6420 6f6e 6c79 2062 7920 6164 mited only by ad\n+0001f090: 7265 7373 2073 7061 6365 2061 6e64 2052 ress space and R\n+0001f0a0: 414d 2073 697a 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 AM size.. ... \n+0001f0b0: 6933 3836 2d71 656d 753a 206b 6572 6e65 i386-qemu: kerne\n+0001f0c0: 6c2e 696d 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e l.img (.text + .\n+0001f0d0: 6461 7461 202b 202e 6273 7329 2069 7320 data + .bss) is \n+0001f0e0: 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2033 3932 3730 limited by 39270\n+0001f0f0: 340a 2020 2020 2062 7974 6573 2e20 2028 4. bytes. (\n+0001f100: 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 2077 6f75 6c64 2062 core.img would b\n+0001f110: 6520 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2052 4f4d e limited by ROM\n+0001f120: 2073 697a 6520 6275 7420 6974 2773 2075 size but it's u\n+0001f130: 6e6c 696d 6974 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e nlimited. on\n+0001f140: 2071 656d 750a 2020 20e2 80a2 2041 6c6c qemu. ... All\n+0001f150: 2045 4649 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 3a20 EFI platforms: \n+0001f160: 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2063 6f6e 7469 limited by conti\n+0001f170: 6775 6f75 7320 5241 4d20 7369 7a65 2061 guous RAM size a\n+0001f180: 6e64 2070 6f73 7369 626c 790a 2020 2020 nd possibly. \n+0001f190: 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 6275 6773 0a20 firmware bugs. \n+0001f1a0: 2020 e280 a220 436f 7265 626f 6f74 2061 ... 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(.text + \n+0001f370: 2e64 6174 6129 2920 2863 6f6d 7072 6573 .data)) (compres\n+0001f380: 7365 6429 202b 2064 6563 6f6d 7072 6573 sed) + decompres\n+0001f390: 736f 7220 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 sor is limited b\n+0001f3a0: 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 2073 7061 6365 y the. space\n+0001f3b0: 2066 726f 6d20 3830 3230 3030 3030 2066 from 80200000 f\n+0001f3c0: 6f72 7761 7264 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6d69 orward. ... mi\n+0001f3d0: 7073 656c 2d6c 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e20 2846 psel-loongson (F\n+0001f3e0: 6c61 7368 292c 206d 6970 7328 656c 292d lash), mips(el)-\n+0001f3f0: 7165 6d75 5f6d 6970 7320 2846 6c61 7368 qemu_mips (Flash\n+0001f400: 293a 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 670a 2020 ): kernel.img. \n+0001f410: 2020 2028 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 (.text + .dat\n+0001f420: 6129 202b 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2069 7320 a) + modules is \n+0001f430: 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2074 6865 2073 limited by the s\n+0001f440: 7061 6365 2066 726f 6d20 3830 3230 3030 pace from 802000\n+0001f450: 3030 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7277 6172 6420 00. forward \n+0001f460: 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 2028 6669 6e61 6c29 core.img (final)\n+0001f470: 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2066 is limited by f\n+0001f480: 6c61 7368 2073 697a 6520 2835 3132 4b20 lash size (512K \n+0001f490: 6f6e 2079 6565 6c6f 6f6e 670a 2020 2020 on yeeloong. \n+0001f4a0: 2061 6e64 2066 756c 6f6f 6f6e 6729 0a20 and fulooong). \n+0001f4b0: 2020 e280 a220 6d69 7073 2d61 7263 3a20 ... mips-arc: \n+0001f4c0: 6966 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 643a if uncompressed:\n+0001f4d0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 282e 7465 kernel.img (.te\n+0001f4e0: 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 2920 6973 206c xt + .data) is l\n+0001f4f0: 696d 6974 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 2074 imited by. t\n+0001f500: 6865 2073 7061 6365 2066 726f 6d20 3862 he space from 8b\n+0001f510: 6430 3030 3030 2066 6f72 7761 7264 206d d00000 forward m\n+0001f520: 6f64 756c 6573 202b 2064 756d 6d79 2064 odules + dummy d\n+0001f530: 6563 6f6d 7072 6573 736f 7220 6973 0a20 ecompressor is. \n+0001f540: 2020 2020 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2074 limited by t\n+0001f550: 6865 2073 7061 6365 2066 726f 6d20 3862 he space from 8b\n+0001f560: 6430 3030 3030 2062 6163 6b77 6172 6420 d00000 backward \n+0001f570: 6966 2063 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 643a 0a20 if compressed:. \n+0001f580: 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 kernel.img (\n+0001f590: 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 612c 2075 .text + .data, u\n+0001f5a0: 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6429 2069 7320 ncompressed) is \n+0001f5b0: 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2074 6865 2073 limited by the s\n+0001f5c0: 7061 6365 0a20 2020 2020 6672 6f6d 2038 pace. from 8\n+0001f5d0: 6264 3030 3030 3020 666f 7277 6172 6420 bd00000 forward \n+0001f5e0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 2875 6e63 6f6d 7072 modules (uncompr\n+0001f5f0: 6573 7365 6429 202b 2028 6d6f 6475 6c65 essed) + (module\n+0001f600: 7320 2b0a 2020 2020 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e s +. kernel.\n+0001f610: 696d 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 img (.text + .da\n+0001f620: 7461 2929 2028 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 ta)) (compressed\n+0001f630: 2c20 616c 6967 6e65 6420 746f 2031 4d29 , aligned to 1M)\n+0001f640: 202b 2031 4d0a 2020 2020 2028 6465 636f + 1M. (deco\n+0001f650: 6d70 7265 7373 6f72 202b 2073 6372 6174 mpressor + scrat\n+0001f660: 6368 2073 7061 6365 2920 6973 206c 696d ch space) is lim\n+0001f670: 6974 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 7370 6163 ited by the spac\n+0001f680: 6520 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 3862 6430 e from. 8bd0\n+0001f690: 3030 3030 2062 6163 6b77 6172 640a 2020 0000 backward. \n+0001f6a0: 20e2 80a2 2070 6f77 6572 7063 2d69 6565 ... powerpc-iee\n+0001f6b0: 6531 3237 353a 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d e1275: kernel.im\n+0001f6c0: 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 g (.text + .data\n+0001f6d0: 202b 202e 6273 7329 202b 206d 6f64 756c + .bss) + modul\n+0001f6e0: 6573 2069 730a 2020 2020 206c 696d 6974 es is. limit\n+0001f6f0: 6564 2062 7920 7370 6163 6520 6176 6169 ed by space avai\n+0001f700: 6c61 626c 6520 6174 2030 7832 3030 3030 lable at 0x20000\n+0001f710: 300a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 0....File: grub.\n+0001f720: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 696c info, Node: Fil\n+0001f730: 6573 7973 7465 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 esystem, Next: \n+0001f740: 496e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 5072 6576 Interface, Prev\n+0001f750: 3a20 436f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2073 697a : Core image siz\n+0001f760: 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 e limitation, U\n+0001f770: 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3133 2046 696c 6573 p: Top..13 Files\n+0001f780: 7973 7465 6d20 7379 6e74 6178 2061 6e64 ystem syntax and\n+0001f790: 2073 656d 616e 7469 6373 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a semantics.*****\n 0001f7a0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001f7b0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001f7c0: 2a0a 0a47 5255 4220 7573 6573 2061 2073 *..GRUB uses a s\n-0001f7d0: 7065 6369 616c 2073 796e 7461 7820 666f pecial syntax fo\n-0001f7e0: 7220 7370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2064 6973 r specifying dis\n-0001f7f0: 6b20 6472 6976 6573 2077 6869 6368 2063 k drives which c\n-0001f800: 616e 2062 650a 6163 6365 7373 6564 2062 an be.accessed b\n-0001f810: 7920 4249 4f53 2e20 4265 6361 7573 6520 y BIOS. Because \n-0001f820: 6f66 2042 494f 5320 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 of BIOS limitati\n-0001f830: 6f6e 732c 2047 5255 4220 6361 6e6e 6f74 ons, GRUB cannot\n-0001f840: 2064 6973 7469 6e67 7569 7368 0a62 6574 distinguish.bet\n-0001f850: 7765 656e 2049 4445 2c20 4553 4449 2c20 ween IDE, ESDI, \n-0001f860: 5343 5349 2c20 6f72 206f 7468 6572 732e SCSI, or others.\n-0001f870: 2020 596f 7520 6d75 7374 206b 6e6f 7720 You must know \n-0001f880: 796f 7572 7365 6c66 2077 6869 6368 2042 yourself which B\n-0001f890: 494f 530a 6465 7669 6365 2069 7320 6571 IOS.device is eq\n-0001f8a0: 7569 7661 6c65 6e74 2074 6f20 7768 6963 uivalent to whic\n-0001f8b0: 6820 4f53 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 4e6f h OS device. No\n-0001f8c0: 726d 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 6174 2077 696c rmally, that wil\n-0001f8d0: 6c20 6265 2063 6c65 6172 0a69 6620 796f l be clear.if yo\n-0001f8e0: 7520 7365 6520 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7320 u see the files \n-0001f8f0: 696e 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 6f72 2075 in a device or u\n-0001f900: 7365 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 se the command .\n-0001f910: 8098 7365 6172 6368 e280 9920 282a 6e6f ..search... (*no\n-0001f920: 7465 0a73 6561 7263 683a 3a29 2e0a 0a2a te.search::)...*\n-0001f930: 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 4465 7669 6365 Menu:..* Device\n-0001f940: 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 syntax:: \n-0001f950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 486f 7720 746f 2073 How to s\n-0001f960: 7065 6369 6679 2064 6576 6963 6573 0a2a pecify devices.*\n-0001f970: 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 File name synta\n-0001f980: 783a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2048 x:: H\n-0001f990: 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 6669 ow to specify fi\n-0001f9a0: 6c65 730a 2a20 426c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 les.* Block list\n-0001f9b0: 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 syntax:: \n-0001f9c0: 2020 2020 486f 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 How to speci\n-0001f9d0: 6679 2062 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7473 0a0a fy block lists..\n-0001f9e0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0001f9f0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4465 7669 6365 o, Node: Device\n-0001fa00: 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 syntax, Next: \n-0001fa10: 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 File name syntax\n-0001fa20: 2c20 2055 703a 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 , Up: Filesyste\n-0001fa30: 6d0a 0a31 332e 3120 486f 7720 746f 2073 m..13.1 How to s\n-0001fa40: 7065 6369 6679 2064 6576 6963 6573 0a3d pecify devices.=\n+0001f7b0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a47 *************..G\n+0001f7c0: 5255 4220 7573 6573 2061 2073 7065 6369 RUB uses a speci\n+0001f7d0: 616c 2073 796e 7461 7820 666f 7220 7370 al syntax for sp\n+0001f7e0: 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2064 6973 6b20 6472 ecifying disk dr\n+0001f7f0: 6976 6573 2077 6869 6368 2063 616e 2062 ives which can b\n+0001f800: 650a 6163 6365 7373 6564 2062 7920 4249 e.accessed by BI\n+0001f810: 4f53 2e20 4265 6361 7573 6520 6f66 2042 OS. Because of B\n+0001f820: 494f 5320 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 732c IOS limitations,\n+0001f830: 2047 5255 4220 6361 6e6e 6f74 2064 6973 GRUB cannot dis\n+0001f840: 7469 6e67 7569 7368 0a62 6574 7765 656e tinguish.between\n+0001f850: 2049 4445 2c20 4553 4449 2c20 5343 5349 IDE, ESDI, SCSI\n+0001f860: 2c20 6f72 206f 7468 6572 732e 2020 596f , or others. Yo\n+0001f870: 7520 6d75 7374 206b 6e6f 7720 796f 7572 u must know your\n+0001f880: 7365 6c66 2077 6869 6368 2042 494f 530a self which BIOS.\n+0001f890: 6465 7669 6365 2069 7320 6571 7569 7661 device is equiva\n+0001f8a0: 6c65 6e74 2074 6f20 7768 6963 6820 4f53 lent to which OS\n+0001f8b0: 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 4e6f 726d 616c device. Normal\n+0001f8c0: 6c79 2c20 7468 6174 2077 696c 6c20 6265 ly, that will be\n+0001f8d0: 2063 6c65 6172 0a69 6620 796f 7520 7365 clear.if you se\n+0001f8e0: 6520 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7320 696e 2061 e the files in a\n+0001f8f0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6f72 2075 7365 2074 device or use t\n+0001f900: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 7365 he command ...se\n+0001f910: 6172 6368 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a73 arch... (*note.s\n+0001f920: 6561 7263 683a 3a29 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e earch::)...* Men\n+0001f930: 753a 0a0a 2a20 4465 7669 6365 2073 796e u:..* Device syn\n+0001f940: 7461 783a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tax:: \n+0001f950: 2020 2020 486f 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 How to speci\n+0001f960: 6679 2064 6576 6963 6573 0a2a 2046 696c fy devices.* Fil\n+0001f970: 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a20 e name syntax:: \n+0001f980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f77 2074 How t\n+0001f990: 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 6669 6c65 730a o specify files.\n+0001f9a0: 2a20 426c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2073 796e * Block list syn\n+0001f9b0: 7461 783a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tax:: \n+0001f9c0: 486f 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2062 How to specify b\n+0001f9d0: 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7473 0a0a 1f0a 4669 lock lists....Fi\n+0001f9e0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0001f9f0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4465 7669 6365 2073 796e Node: Device syn\n+0001fa00: 7461 782c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4669 6c65 tax, Next: File\n+0001fa10: 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 2055 name syntax, U\n+0001fa20: 703a 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d0a 0a31 p: Filesystem..1\n+0001fa30: 332e 3120 486f 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 3.1 How to speci\n+0001fa40: 6679 2064 6576 6963 6573 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d fy devices.=====\n 0001fa50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0001fa60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 ==========..The \n-0001fa70: 6465 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 7820 6973 device syntax is\n-0001fa80: 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 like this:.. \n-0001fa90: 2020 2844 4556 4943 455b 2c50 4152 544d (DEVICE[,PARTM\n-0001faa0: 4150 2d4e 414d 4531 5041 5254 2d4e 554d AP-NAME1PART-NUM\n-0001fab0: 315b 2c50 4152 544d 4150 2d4e 414d 4532 1[,PARTMAP-NAME2\n-0001fac0: 5041 5254 2d4e 554d 325b 2c2e 2e2e 5d5d PART-NUM2[,...]]\n-0001fad0: 5d29 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 5b5d e280 9920 ]).. ...[]... \n-0001fae0: 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 7061 7261 6d65 means the parame\n-0001faf0: 7465 7220 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e61 6c2e ter is optional.\n-0001fb00: 2020 4445 5649 4345 2064 6570 656e 6473 DEVICE depends\n-0001fb10: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6469 736b 0a64 7269 on the disk.dri\n-0001fb20: 7665 7220 696e 2075 7365 2e20 2042 494f ver in use. BIO\n-0001fb30: 5320 616e 6420 4546 4920 6469 736b 7320 S and EFI disks \n-0001fb40: 7573 6520 6569 7468 6572 20e2 8098 6664 use either ...fd\n-0001fb50: e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 6864 e280 9920 ... or ...hd... \n-0001fb60: 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 7920 610a 6469 followed by a.di\n-0001fb70: 6769 742c 206c 696b 6520 e280 9866 6430 git, like ...fd0\n-0001fb80: e280 992c 206f 7220 e280 9863 64e2 8099 ..., or ...cd...\n-0001fb90: 2e20 2041 4843 492c 2050 4154 4120 2861 . AHCI, PATA (a\n-0001fba0: 7461 292c 2063 7279 7074 6f2c 2055 5342 ta), crypto, USB\n-0001fbb0: 2075 7365 2074 6865 206e 616d 650a 6f66 use the name.of\n-0001fbc0: 2064 7269 7665 7220 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 driver followed\n-0001fbd0: 2062 7920 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 2e20 204d by a number. M\n-0001fbe0: 656d 6469 736b 2061 6e64 2068 6f73 7420 emdisk and host \n-0001fbf0: 6172 6520 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 206f are limited to o\n-0001fc00: 6e65 0a64 6973 6b20 616e 6420 736f 2069 ne.disk and so i\n-0001fc10: 7427 7320 7265 6665 7265 6420 6a75 7374 t's refered just\n-0001fc20: 2062 7920 6472 6976 6572 206e 616d 652e by driver name.\n-0001fc30: 2020 5241 4944 2028 6d64 292c 206f 6664 RAID (md), ofd\n-0001fc40: 6973 6b0a 2869 6565 6531 3237 3520 616e isk.(ieee1275 an\n-0001fc50: 6420 6e61 6e64 292c 204c 564d 2028 6c76 d nand), LVM (lv\n-0001fc60: 6d29 2c20 4c44 4d2c 2076 6972 7469 6f20 m), LDM, virtio \n-0001fc70: 2876 6473 6b29 2061 6e64 2061 7263 6469 (vdsk) and arcdi\n-0001fc80: 736b 2028 6172 6329 2075 7365 0a69 6e74 sk (arc) use.int\n-0001fc90: 7269 6e73 6963 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2064 rinsic name of d\n-0001fca0: 6973 6b20 7072 6566 6978 6564 2062 7920 isk prefixed by \n-0001fcb0: 6472 6976 6572 206e 616d 652e 2020 4164 driver name. Ad\n-0001fcc0: 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 206a 7573 740a ditionally just.\n-0001fcd0: 226e 616e 6422 2072 6566 6572 7320 746f \"nand\" refers to\n-0001fce0: 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b20 616c 6961 7365 the disk aliase\n-0001fcf0: 6420 6173 2022 6e61 6e64 222e 2020 436f d as \"nand\". Co\n-0001fd00: 6e66 6c69 6374 7320 6172 6520 736f 6c76 nflicts are solv\n-0001fd10: 6564 2062 790a 7375 6666 6978 696e 6720 ed by.suffixing \n-0001fd20: 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 2069 6620 6e65 6365 a number if nece\n-0001fd30: 7373 6172 7279 2e20 2043 6f6d 6d61 7320 ssarry. Commas \n-0001fd40: 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2065 7363 6170 need to be escap\n-0001fd50: 6564 2e20 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b0a 7573 ed. Loopback.us\n-0001fd60: 6573 2077 6861 7465 7665 7220 6e61 6d65 es whatever name\n-0001fd70: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2074 6f20 e280 specified to ..\n-0001fd80: 986c 6f6f 7062 6163 6be2 8099 2063 6f6d .loopback... com\n-0001fd90: 6d61 6e64 2e20 2048 6f73 7464 6973 6b20 mand. Hostdisk \n-0001fda0: 7573 6573 206e 616d 6573 0a73 7065 6369 uses names.speci\n-0001fdb0: 6669 6564 2069 6e20 6465 7669 6365 2e6d fied in device.m\n-0001fdc0: 6170 2061 7320 6c6f 6e67 2061 7320 6974 ap as long as it\n-0001fdd0: 2773 206f 6620 7468 6520 666f 726d 205b 's of the form [\n-0001fde0: 6668 635d 645b 302d 395d 2a20 6f72 0a68 fhc]d[0-9]* or.h\n-0001fdf0: 6f73 7464 6973 6b2f 3c4f 5320 4445 5649 ostdisk/. For crypto\n-0001fe10: 2061 6e64 2052 4149 4420 286d 6429 2061 and RAID (md) a\n-0001fe20: 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 796f 7520 dditionally you \n-0001fe30: 6361 6e20 7573 650a 7468 6520 7379 6e74 can use.the synt\n-0001fe40: 6178 203c 6472 6976 6572 206e 616d 653e ax \n-0001fe50: 7575 6964 2f3c 7575 6964 3e2e 2020 466f uuid/. Fo\n-0001fe60: 7220 4c56 4d20 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c r LVM additional\n-0001fe70: 6c79 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2075 7365 0a74 ly you can use.t\n-0001fe80: 6865 2073 796e 7461 7820 6c76 6d69 642f he syntax lvmid/\n-0001fe90: 3c76 6f6c 756d 652d 6772 6f75 702d 7575 /... (fd0). \n-0001fec0: 2020 2020 2868 6430 290a 2020 2020 2028 (hd0). (\n-0001fed0: 6364 290a 2020 2020 2028 6168 6369 3029 cd). (ahci0)\n-0001fee0: 0a20 2020 2020 2861 7461 3029 0a20 2020 . (ata0). \n-0001fef0: 2020 2863 7279 7074 6f30 290a 2020 2020 (crypto0). \n-0001ff00: 2028 7573 6230 290a 2020 2020 2028 6372 (usb0). (cr\n-0001ff10: 7970 746f 7575 6964 2f31 3233 3435 3637 yptouuid/1234567\n-0001ff20: 3839 6162 6364 6566 3031 3233 3435 3637 89abcdef01234567\n-0001ff30: 3839 6162 6364 6566 3029 0a20 2020 2020 89abcdef0). \n-0001ff40: 286d 6475 7569 642f 3132 3334 3536 3738 (mduuid/12345678\n-0001ff50: 3961 6263 6465 6630 3132 3334 3536 3738 9abcdef012345678\n-0001ff60: 3961 6263 6465 6630 290a 2020 2020 2028 9abcdef0). (\n-0001ff70: 6c76 6d2f 7379 7374 656d 2d72 6f6f 7429 lvm/system-root)\n-0001ff80: 0a20 2020 2020 286c 766d 6964 2f46 3169 . (lvmid/F1i\n-0001ff90: 6b67 442d 3252 4553 2d33 3036 472d 696c kgD-2RES-306G-il\n-0001ffa0: 394d 2d37 6977 612d 344e 4b57 2d45 6256 9M-7iwa-4NKW-EbV\n-0001ffb0: 314e 562f 654c 4775 4351 2d4c 344b 612d 1NV/eLGuCQ-L4Ka-\n-0001ffc0: 5855 6752 2d73 6a74 4a2d 6666 6368 2d62 XUgR-sjtJ-ffch-b\n-0001ffd0: 616a 722d 6643 4e66 7a35 290a 2020 2020 ajr-fCNfz5). \n-0001ffe0: 2028 6d64 2f6d 7972 6169 6429 0a20 2020 (md/myraid). \n-0001fff0: 2020 286d 642f 3029 0a20 2020 2020 2869 (md/0). (i\n-00020000: 6565 6531 3237 352f 6469 736b 3229 0a20 eee1275/disk2). \n-00020010: 2020 2020 2869 6565 6531 3237 352f 2f70 (ieee1275//p\n-00020020: 6369 4031 665c 2c30 2f69 6465 4064 2f64 ci@1f\\,0/ide@d/d\n-00020030: 6973 6b40 3229 0a20 2020 2020 286e 616e isk@2). (nan\n-00020040: 6429 0a20 2020 2020 286d 656d 6469 736b d). (memdisk\n-00020050: 290a 2020 2020 2028 686f 7374 290a 2020 ). (host). \n-00020060: 2020 2028 6d79 6c6f 6f70 290a 2020 2020 (myloop). \n-00020070: 2028 686f 7374 6469 736b 2f2f 6465 762f (hostdisk//dev/\n-00020080: 7364 6129 0a0a 2020 2050 4152 542d 4e55 sda).. PART-NU\n-00020090: 4d20 7265 7072 6573 656e 7473 2074 6865 M represents the\n-000200a0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 partition numbe\n-000200b0: 7220 6f66 2044 4556 4943 452c 2073 7461 r of DEVICE, sta\n-000200c0: 7274 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 0a6f 6e65 2e20 rting from.one. \n-000200d0: 2050 4152 544e 414d 4520 6973 206f 7074 PARTNAME is opt\n-000200e0: 696f 6e61 6c20 6275 7420 6973 2072 6563 ional but is rec\n-000200f0: 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2073 696e 6365 2064 ommended since d\n-00020100: 6973 6b20 6d61 7920 6861 7665 0a73 6576 isk may have.sev\n-00020110: 6572 616c 2074 6f70 2d6c 6576 656c 2070 eral top-level p\n-00020120: 6172 746d 6170 732e 2020 5370 6563 6966 artmaps. Specif\n-00020130: 7969 6e67 2074 6869 7264 2061 6e64 206c ying third and l\n-00020140: 6174 6572 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2079 ater component y\n-00020150: 6f75 0a63 616e 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f ou.can access to\n-00020160: 2073 7562 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2e0a subpartitions..\n-00020170: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 7379 6e74 6178 20e2 . The syntax .\n-00020180: 8098 2868 6430 29e2 8099 2072 6570 7265 ..(hd0)... repre\n-00020190: 7365 6e74 7320 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 sents using the \n-000201a0: 656e 7469 7265 2064 6973 6b20 286f 7220 entire disk (or \n-000201b0: 7468 6520 4d42 5220 7768 656e 0a69 6e73 the MBR when.ins\n-000201c0: 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 292c 2077 talling GRUB), w\n-000201d0: 6869 6c65 2074 6865 2073 796e 7461 7820 hile the syntax \n-000201e0: e280 9828 6864 302c 3129 e280 9920 7265 ...(hd0,1)... re\n-000201f0: 7072 6573 656e 7473 2075 7369 6e67 2074 presents using t\n-00020200: 6865 2066 6972 7374 0a70 6172 7469 7469 he first.partiti\n-00020210: 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 6469 736b 2028 on of the disk (\n-00020220: 6f72 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 6374 or the boot sect\n-00020230: 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 or of the partit\n-00020240: 696f 6e20 7768 656e 0a69 6e73 7461 6c6c ion when.install\n-00020250: 696e 6720 4752 5542 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 ing GRUB)... \n-00020260: 2028 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 290a 2020 (hd0,msdos1). \n-00020270: 2020 2028 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 2c6d (hd0,msdos1,m\n-00020280: 7364 6f73 3529 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 sdos5). (hd0\n-00020290: 2c6d 7364 6f73 312c 6273 6433 290a 2020 ,msdos1,bsd3). \n-000202a0: 2020 2028 6864 302c 6e65 7462 7364 3129 (hd0,netbsd1)\n-000202b0: 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c67 7074 3129 . (hd0,gpt1)\n-000202c0: 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c31 2c33 290a . (hd0,1,3).\n-000202d0: 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2065 6e61 626c . If you enabl\n-000202e0: 6564 2074 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b 2073 ed the network s\n-000202f0: 7570 706f 7274 2c20 7468 6520 7370 6563 upport, the spec\n-00020300: 6961 6c20 6472 6976 6573 0ae2 8098 2850 ial drives....(P\n-00020310: 524f 544f 434f 4c5b 2c53 4552 5645 525d ROTOCOL[,SERVER]\n-00020320: 29e2 8099 2061 7265 2061 6c73 6f20 6176 )... are also av\n-00020330: 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 5375 7070 6f72 ailable. Suppor\n-00020340: 7465 6420 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 7320 6172 ted protocols ar\n-00020350: 650a e280 9868 7474 70e2 8099 2061 6e64 e....http... and\n-00020360: 20e2 8098 7466 7470 e280 992e 2020 4966 ...tftp.... If\n-00020370: 2053 4552 5645 5220 6973 206f 6d69 7474 SERVER is omitt\n-00020380: 6564 2c20 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2065 6e76 ed, value of env\n-00020390: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-000203a0: 650a e280 986e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 e....net_default\n-000203b0: 5f73 6572 7665 72e2 8099 2069 7320 7573 _server... is us\n-000203c0: 6564 2e20 2042 6566 6f72 6520 7573 696e ed. Before usin\n-000203d0: 6720 7468 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6472 g the network dr\n-000203e0: 6976 652c 2079 6f75 206d 7573 740a 696e ive, you must.in\n-000203f0: 6974 6961 6c69 7a65 2074 6865 206e 6574 itialize the net\n-00020400: 776f 726b 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 work. *Note Net\n-00020410: 776f 726b 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 work::, for more\n-00020420: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 information... \n-00020430: 2020 5768 656e 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 When using ...\n-00020440: 6874 7470 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 7466 http... or ...tf\n-00020450: 7470 e280 992c 2070 6f72 7473 206f 7468 tp..., ports oth\n-00020460: 6572 2074 6861 6e20 e280 9838 30e2 8099 er than ...80...\n-00020470: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 can be specifie\n-00020480: 640a 7573 696e 6720 6120 636f 6c6f 6e20 d.using a colon \n-00020490: 28e2 8098 3ae2 8099 2920 6166 7465 7220 (...:...) after \n-000204a0: 7468 6520 6164 6472 6573 732e 2020 546f the address. To\n-000204b0: 2061 766f 6964 2070 6172 7369 6e67 2063 avoid parsing c\n-000204c0: 6f6e 666c 6963 7473 2c20 7768 656e 0a75 onflicts, when.u\n-000204d0: 7369 6e67 2049 5076 3620 6164 6472 6573 sing IPv6 addres\n-000204e0: 7365 7320 7769 7468 2063 7573 746f 6d20 ses with custom \n-000204f0: 706f 7274 732c 2074 6865 2061 6464 7265 ports, the addre\n-00020500: 7373 6573 206d 7573 7420 6265 2065 6e63 sses must be enc\n-00020510: 6c6f 7365 640a 7769 7468 2073 7175 6172 losed.with squar\n-00020520: 6520 6272 6163 6b65 7473 2028 e280 985b e brackets (...[\n-00020530: 5de2 8099 292c 2061 7320 6973 2073 7461 ]...), as is sta\n-00020540: 6e64 6172 6420 7072 6163 7469 6365 2e0a ndard practice..\n-00020550: 0a20 2020 2020 2868 7474 702c 6772 7562 . (http,grub\n-00020560: 2e65 7861 6d70 6c65 2e63 6f6d 3a33 3133 .example.com:313\n-00020570: 3337 290a 2020 2020 2028 6874 7470 2c31 37). (http,1\n-00020580: 3932 2e30 2e32 2e31 3a33 3339 290a 2020 92.0.2.1:339). \n-00020590: 2020 2028 6874 7470 2c5b 3230 3031 3a64 (http,[2001:d\n-000205a0: 6238 3a3a 315d 3a31 3132 3335 290a 0a20 b8::1]:11235).. \n-000205b0: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2062 6f6f 7420 4752 If you boot GR\n-000205c0: 5542 2066 726f 6d20 6120 4344 2d52 4f4d UB from a CD-ROM\n-000205d0: 2c20 e280 9828 6364 29e2 8099 2069 7320 , ...(cd)... is \n-000205e0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 available. *Not\n-000205f0: 6520 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 0a47 5255 4220 e Making a.GRUB \n-00020600: 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d3a bootable CD-ROM:\n-00020610: 3a2c 2066 6f72 2064 6574 6169 6c73 2e0a :, for details..\n-00020620: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00020630: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 696c 6520 fo, Node: File \n-00020640: 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 4e65 name syntax, Ne\n-00020650: 7874 3a20 426c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2073 xt: Block list s\n-00020660: 796e 7461 782c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4465 yntax, Prev: De\n-00020670: 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 5570 vice syntax, Up\n-00020680: 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 0a0a 3133 : Filesystem..13\n-00020690: 2e32 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 .2 How to specif\n-000206a0: 7920 6669 6c65 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d y files.========\n-000206b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000206c0: 3d0a 0a54 6865 7265 2061 7265 2074 776f =..There are two\n-000206d0: 2077 6179 7320 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 ways to specify\n-000206e0: 2066 696c 6573 2c20 6279 20e2 809c 6162 files, by ...ab\n-000206f0: 736f 6c75 7465 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 solute file name\n-00020700: e280 9d20 616e 6420 6279 0ae2 809c 626c ... and by....bl\n-00020710: 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 e280 9d2e 0a0a 2020 ock list...... \n-00020720: 2041 6e20 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2066 696c An absolute fil\n-00020730: 6520 6e61 6d65 2072 6573 656d 626c 6573 e name resembles\n-00020740: 2061 2055 6e69 7820 6162 736f 6c75 7465 a Unix absolute\n-00020750: 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2c20 7573 696e file name, usin\n-00020760: 6720 e280 982f e280 990a 666f 7220 7468 g .../....for th\n-00020770: 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 7365 7061 e directory sepa\n-00020780: 7261 746f 7220 286e 6f74 20e2 8098 5ce2 rator (not ...\\.\n-00020790: 8099 2061 7320 696e 2044 4f53 292e 204f .. as in DOS). O\n-000207a0: 6e65 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2069 730a e280 ne example is...\n-000207b0: 9828 6864 302c 3129 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 .(hd0,1)/boot/gr\n-000207c0: 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2e20 ub/grub.cfg.... \n-000207d0: 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 This means the \n-000207e0: 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 file .../boot/gr\n-000207f0: 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 0a69 ub/grub.cfg....i\n-00020800: 6e20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 n the first part\n-00020810: 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6972 ition of the fir\n-00020820: 7374 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2e20 2049 st hard disk. I\n-00020830: 6620 796f 7520 6f6d 6974 2074 6865 2064 f you omit the d\n-00020840: 6576 6963 650a 6e61 6d65 2069 6e20 616e evice.name in an\n-00020850: 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 6c65 206e absolute file n\n-00020860: 616d 652c 2047 5255 4220 7573 6573 2047 ame, GRUB uses G\n-00020870: 5255 4227 7320 e280 9c72 6f6f 7420 6465 RUB's ...root de\n-00020880: 7669 6365 e280 9d0a 696d 706c 6963 6974 vice....implicit\n-00020890: 6c79 2e20 2053 6f20 6966 2079 6f75 2073 ly. So if you s\n-000208a0: 6574 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 et the root devi\n-000208b0: 6365 2074 6f2c 2073 6179 2c20 e280 9828 ce to, say, ...(\n-000208c0: 6864 312c 3129 e280 9920 6279 2074 6865 hd1,1)... by the\n-000208d0: 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 7365 7420 .command ...set \n-000208e0: 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 312c 3129 e280 9920 root=(hd1,1)... \n-000208f0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 6574 3a3a 292c 2074 (*note set::), t\n-00020900: 6865 6e20 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f6b 6572 hen .../boot/ker\n-00020910: 6e65 6ce2 8099 2069 7320 7468 650a 7361 nel... is the.sa\n-00020920: 6d65 2061 7320 e280 9828 6864 312c 3129 me as ...(hd1,1)\n-00020930: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e 656c e280 992e /boot/kernel....\n-00020940: 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 5a46 5320 6669 6c65 .. On ZFS file\n-00020950: 7379 7374 656d 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 system the first\n-00020960: 2070 6174 6820 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 path component \n-00020970: 6d75 7374 2062 650a 564f 4c55 4d45 e280 must be.VOLUME..\n-00020980: 9840 e280 995b 534e 4150 5348 4f54 5d2e .@...[SNAPSHOT].\n-00020990: 2020 536f 20e2 8098 2f72 6f6f 7476 6f6c So .../rootvol\n-000209a0: 4073 6e61 702d 3132 392f 626f 6f74 2f67 @snap-129/boot/g\n-000209b0: 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 rub/grub.cfg... \n-000209c0: 7265 6665 7273 0a74 6f20 6669 6c65 20e2 refers.to file .\n-000209d0: 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 ../boot/grub/gru\n-000209e0: 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2069 6e20 736e 6170 b.cfg... in snap\n-000209f0: 7368 6f74 206f 6620 766f 6c75 6d65 20e2 shot of volume .\n-00020a00: 8098 726f 6f74 766f 6ce2 8099 2077 6974 ..rootvol... wit\n-00020a10: 6820 6e61 6d65 0ae2 8098 736e 6170 2d31 h name....snap-1\n-00020a20: 3239 e280 992e 2020 5472 6169 6c69 6e67 29.... Trailing\n-00020a30: 20e2 8098 40e2 8099 2061 6674 6572 2076 ...@... after v\n-00020a40: 6f6c 756d 6520 6e61 6d65 2069 7320 6d61 olume name is ma\n-00020a50: 6e64 6174 6f72 7920 6576 656e 2069 660a ndatory even if.\n-00020a60: 736e 6170 7368 6f74 206e 616d 6520 6973 snapshot name is\n-00020a70: 206f 6d69 7474 6564 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c omitted.....Fil\n-00020a80: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00020a90: 6f64 653a 2042 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 ode: Block list \n-00020aa0: 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2046 syntax, Prev: F\n-00020ab0: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 782c ile name syntax,\n-00020ac0: 2020 5570 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d Up: Filesystem\n-00020ad0: 0a0a 3133 2e33 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 ..13.3 How to sp\n-00020ae0: 6563 6966 7920 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 ecify block list\n-00020af0: 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d s.==============\n-00020b00: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00020b10: 3d0a 0a41 2062 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 =..A block list \n-00020b20: 6973 2075 7365 6420 666f 7220 7370 6563 is used for spec\n-00020b30: 6966 7969 6e67 2061 2066 696c 6520 7468 ifying a file th\n-00020b40: 6174 2064 6f65 736e 2774 2061 7070 6561 at doesn't appea\n-00020b50: 7220 696e 2074 6865 0a66 696c 6573 7973 r in the.filesys\n-00020b60: 7465 6d2c 206c 696b 6520 6120 6368 6169 tem, like a chai\n-00020b70: 6e6c 6f61 6465 722e 2020 5468 6520 7379 nloader. The sy\n-00020b80: 6e74 6178 2069 730a e280 985b 4f46 4653 ntax is....[OFFS\n-00020b90: 4554 5d2b 5b4c 454e 4754 485d 5b2c 5b4f ET]+[LENGTH][,[O\n-00020ba0: 4646 5345 545d 2b5b 4c45 4e47 5448 5d5d FFSET]+[LENGTH]]\n-00020bb0: 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 2048 6572 6520 6973 ....... Here is\n-00020bc0: 2061 6e20 6578 616d 706c 653a 0a0a 2020 an example:.. \n-00020bd0: 2020 2030 2b31 3030 2c32 3030 2b31 2c33 0+100,200+1,3\n-00020be0: 3030 2b33 3030 2c38 3030 2b0a 0a20 2020 00+300,800+.. \n-00020bf0: 5468 6973 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 7320 This represents \n-00020c00: 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 7368 6f75 6c64 that GRUB should\n-00020c10: 2072 6561 6420 626c 6f63 6b73 2030 2074 read blocks 0 t\n-00020c20: 6872 6f75 6768 2039 392c 2062 6c6f 636b hrough 99, block\n-00020c30: 2032 3030 2c0a 626c 6f63 6b73 2033 3030 200,.blocks 300\n-00020c40: 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2035 3939 2c20 616e through 599, an\n-00020c50: 6420 626c 6f63 6b73 2038 3030 2075 6e74 d blocks 800 unt\n-00020c60: 696c 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 7468 il the end of th\n-00020c70: 6520 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2049 660a 796f e device. If.yo\n-00020c80: 7520 6f6d 6974 2061 6e20 6f66 6673 6574 u omit an offset\n-00020c90: 2c20 7468 656e 2047 5255 4220 6173 7375 , then GRUB assu\n-00020ca0: 6d65 7320 7468 6520 6f66 6673 6574 2069 mes the offset i\n-00020cb0: 7320 7a65 726f 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 s zero. If the \n-00020cc0: 6c65 6e67 7468 0a69 7320 6f6d 6974 7465 length.is omitte\n-00020cd0: 642c 2074 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2061 7373 d, then GRUB ass\n-00020ce0: 756d 6573 2074 6865 2062 6c6f 636b 206c umes the block l\n-00020cf0: 6973 7420 6578 7465 6e64 7320 756e 7469 ist extends unti\n-00020d00: 6c20 7468 6520 656e 6420 6f66 0a74 6865 l the end of.the\n-00020d10: 2064 6576 6963 652e 0a0a 2020 204c 696b device... Lik\n-00020d20: 6520 7468 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 e the file name \n-00020d30: 7379 6e74 6178 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4669 syntax (*note Fi\n-00020d40: 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a le name syntax::\n-00020d50: 292c 2069 6620 6120 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 ), if a blocklis\n-00020d60: 740a 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2063 6f6e 7461 t.does not conta\n-00020d70: 696e 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 in a device name\n-00020d80: 2c20 7468 656e 2047 5255 4220 7573 6573 , then GRUB uses\n-00020d90: 2047 5255 4227 7320 e280 9c72 6f6f 7420 GRUB's ...root \n-00020da0: 6465 7669 6365 e280 9d2e 2020 536f 0ae2 device.... So..\n-00020db0: 8098 2868 6430 2c32 292b 31e2 8099 2069 ..(hd0,2)+1... i\n-00020dc0: 7320 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2061 7320 e280 s the same as ..\n-00020dd0: 982b 31e2 8099 2077 6865 6e20 7468 6520 .+1... when the \n-00020de0: 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 6973 20e2 root device is .\n-00020df0: 8098 2868 6430 2c32 29e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f ..(hd0,2).......\n-00020e00: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00020e10: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e74 6572 6661 , Node: Interfa\n-00020e20: 6365 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2045 6e76 6972 ce, Next: Envir\n-00020e30: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2046 onment, Prev: F\n-00020e40: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 ilesystem, Up: \n-00020e50: 546f 700a 0a31 3420 4752 5542 2773 2075 Top..14 GRUB's u\n-00020e60: 7365 7220 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 2a2a ser interface.**\n+0001fa60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 6465 7669 ======..The devi\n+0001fa70: 6365 2073 796e 7461 7820 6973 206c 696b ce syntax is lik\n+0001fa80: 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2844 e this:.. (D\n+0001fa90: 4556 4943 455b 2c50 4152 544d 4150 2d4e EVICE[,PARTMAP-N\n+0001faa0: 414d 4531 5041 5254 2d4e 554d 315b 2c50 AME1PART-NUM1[,P\n+0001fab0: 4152 544d 4150 2d4e 414d 4532 5041 5254 ARTMAP-NAME2PART\n+0001fac0: 2d4e 554d 325b 2c2e 2e2e 5d5d 5d29 0a0a -NUM2[,...]]])..\n+0001fad0: 2020 20e2 8098 5b5d e280 9920 6d65 616e ...[]... mean\n+0001fae0: 7320 7468 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7220 s the parameter \n+0001faf0: 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e61 6c2e 2020 4445 is optional. DE\n+0001fb00: 5649 4345 2064 6570 656e 6473 206f 6e20 VICE depends on \n+0001fb10: 7468 6520 6469 736b 0a64 7269 7665 7220 the disk.driver \n+0001fb20: 696e 2075 7365 2e20 2042 494f 5320 616e in use. BIOS an\n+0001fb30: 6420 4546 4920 6469 736b 7320 7573 6520 d EFI disks use \n+0001fb40: 6569 7468 6572 20e2 8098 6664 e280 9920 either ...fd... \n+0001fb50: 6f72 20e2 8098 6864 e280 9920 666f 6c6c or ...hd... foll\n+0001fb60: 6f77 6564 2062 7920 610a 6469 6769 742c owed by a.digit,\n+0001fb70: 206c 696b 6520 e280 9866 6430 e280 992c like ...fd0...,\n+0001fb80: 206f 7220 e280 9863 64e2 8099 2e20 2041 or ...cd.... A\n+0001fb90: 4843 492c 2050 4154 4120 2861 7461 292c HCI, PATA (ata),\n+0001fba0: 2063 7279 7074 6f2c 2055 5342 2075 7365 crypto, USB use\n+0001fbb0: 2074 6865 206e 616d 650a 6f66 2064 7269 the name.of dri\n+0001fbc0: 7665 7220 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 7920 ver followed by \n+0001fbd0: 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 2e20 204d 656d 6469 a number. Memdi\n+0001fbe0: 736b 2061 6e64 2068 6f73 7420 6172 6520 sk and host are \n+0001fbf0: 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 206f 6e65 0a64 limited to one.d\n+0001fc00: 6973 6b20 616e 6420 736f 2069 7427 7320 isk and so it's \n+0001fc10: 7265 6665 7265 6420 6a75 7374 2062 7920 refered just by \n+0001fc20: 6472 6976 6572 206e 616d 652e 2020 5241 driver name. RA\n+0001fc30: 4944 2028 6d64 292c 206f 6664 6973 6b0a ID (md), ofdisk.\n+0001fc40: 2869 6565 6531 3237 3520 616e 6420 6e61 (ieee1275 and na\n+0001fc50: 6e64 292c 204c 564d 2028 6c76 6d29 2c20 nd), LVM (lvm), \n+0001fc60: 4c44 4d2c 2076 6972 7469 6f20 2876 6473 LDM, virtio (vds\n+0001fc70: 6b29 2061 6e64 2061 7263 6469 736b 2028 k) and arcdisk (\n+0001fc80: 6172 6329 2075 7365 0a69 6e74 7269 6e73 arc) use.intrins\n+0001fc90: 6963 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2064 6973 6b20 ic name of disk \n+0001fca0: 7072 6566 6978 6564 2062 7920 6472 6976 prefixed by driv\n+0001fcb0: 6572 206e 616d 652e 2020 4164 6469 7469 er name. Additi\n+0001fcc0: 6f6e 616c 6c79 206a 7573 740a 226e 616e onally just.\"nan\n+0001fcd0: 6422 2072 6566 6572 7320 746f 2074 6865 d\" refers to the\n+0001fce0: 2064 6973 6b20 616c 6961 7365 6420 6173 disk aliased as\n+0001fcf0: 2022 6e61 6e64 222e 2020 436f 6e66 6c69 \"nand\". Confli\n+0001fd00: 6374 7320 6172 6520 736f 6c76 6564 2062 cts are solved b\n+0001fd10: 790a 7375 6666 6978 696e 6720 6120 6e75 y.suffixing a nu\n+0001fd20: 6d62 6572 2069 6620 6e65 6365 7373 6172 mber if necessar\n+0001fd30: 7279 2e20 2043 6f6d 6d61 7320 6e65 6564 ry. Commas need\n+0001fd40: 2074 6f20 6265 2065 7363 6170 6564 2e20 to be escaped. \n+0001fd50: 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b0a 7573 6573 2077 Loopback.uses w\n+0001fd60: 6861 7465 7665 7220 6e61 6d65 2073 7065 hatever name spe\n+0001fd70: 6369 6669 6564 2074 6f20 e280 986c 6f6f cified to ...loo\n+0001fd80: 7062 6163 6be2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 pback... command\n+0001fd90: 2e20 2048 6f73 7464 6973 6b20 7573 6573 . Hostdisk uses\n+0001fda0: 206e 616d 6573 0a73 7065 6369 6669 6564 names.specified\n+0001fdb0: 2069 6e20 6465 7669 6365 2e6d 6170 2061 in device.map a\n+0001fdc0: 7320 6c6f 6e67 2061 7320 6974 2773 206f s long as it's o\n+0001fdd0: 6620 7468 6520 666f 726d 205b 6668 635d f the form [fhc]\n+0001fde0: 645b 302d 395d 2a20 6f72 0a68 6f73 7464 d[0-9]* or.hostd\n+0001fdf0: 6973 6b2f 3c4f 5320 4445 5649 4345 3e2e isk/.\n+0001fe00: 2020 466f 7220 6372 7970 746f 2061 6e64 For crypto and\n+0001fe10: 2052 4149 4420 286d 6429 2061 6464 6974 RAID (md) addit\n+0001fe20: 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 796f 7520 6361 6e20 ionally you can \n+0001fe30: 7573 650a 7468 6520 7379 6e74 6178 203c use.the syntax <\n+0001fe40: 6472 6976 6572 206e 616d 653e 7575 6964 driver name>uuid\n+0001fe50: 2f3c 7575 6964 3e2e 2020 466f 7220 4c56 /. For LV\n+0001fe60: 4d20 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2079 M additionally y\n+0001fe70: 6f75 2063 616e 2075 7365 0a74 6865 2073 ou can use.the s\n+0001fe80: 796e 7461 7820 6c76 6d69 642f 3c76 6f6c yntax lvmid//\n+0001fea0: 3c76 6f6c 756d 652d 7575 6964 3e2e 0a0a ...\n+0001feb0: 2020 2020 2028 6664 3029 0a20 2020 2020 (fd0). \n+0001fec0: 2868 6430 290a 2020 2020 2028 6364 290a (hd0). (cd).\n+0001fed0: 2020 2020 2028 6168 6369 3029 0a20 2020 (ahci0). \n+0001fee0: 2020 2861 7461 3029 0a20 2020 2020 2863 (ata0). (c\n+0001fef0: 7279 7074 6f30 290a 2020 2020 2028 7573 rypto0). (us\n+0001ff00: 6230 290a 2020 2020 2028 6372 7970 746f b0). (crypto\n+0001ff10: 7575 6964 2f31 3233 3435 3637 3839 6162 uuid/123456789ab\n+0001ff20: 6364 6566 3031 3233 3435 3637 3839 6162 cdef0123456789ab\n+0001ff30: 6364 6566 3029 0a20 2020 2020 286d 6475 cdef0). (mdu\n+0001ff40: 7569 642f 3132 3334 3536 3738 3961 6263 uid/123456789abc\n+0001ff50: 6465 6630 3132 3334 3536 3738 3961 6263 def0123456789abc\n+0001ff60: 6465 6630 290a 2020 2020 2028 6c76 6d2f def0). (lvm/\n+0001ff70: 7379 7374 656d 2d72 6f6f 7429 0a20 2020 system-root). \n+0001ff80: 2020 286c 766d 6964 2f46 3169 6b67 442d (lvmid/F1ikgD-\n+0001ff90: 3252 4553 2d33 3036 472d 696c 394d 2d37 2RES-306G-il9M-7\n+0001ffa0: 6977 612d 344e 4b57 2d45 6256 314e 562f iwa-4NKW-EbV1NV/\n+0001ffb0: 654c 4775 4351 2d4c 344b 612d 5855 6752 eLGuCQ-L4Ka-XUgR\n+0001ffc0: 2d73 6a74 4a2d 6666 6368 2d62 616a 722d -sjtJ-ffch-bajr-\n+0001ffd0: 6643 4e66 7a35 290a 2020 2020 2028 6d64 fCNfz5). (md\n+0001ffe0: 2f6d 7972 6169 6429 0a20 2020 2020 286d /myraid). (m\n+0001fff0: 642f 3029 0a20 2020 2020 2869 6565 6531 d/0). (ieee1\n+00020000: 3237 352f 6469 736b 3229 0a20 2020 2020 275/disk2). \n+00020010: 2869 6565 6531 3237 352f 2f70 6369 4031 (ieee1275//pci@1\n+00020020: 665c 2c30 2f69 6465 4064 2f64 6973 6b40 f\\,0/ide@d/disk@\n+00020030: 3229 0a20 2020 2020 286e 616e 6429 0a20 2). (nand). \n+00020040: 2020 2020 286d 656d 6469 736b 290a 2020 (memdisk). \n+00020050: 2020 2028 686f 7374 290a 2020 2020 2028 (host). (\n+00020060: 6d79 6c6f 6f70 290a 2020 2020 2028 686f myloop). (ho\n+00020070: 7374 6469 736b 2f2f 6465 762f 7364 6129 stdisk//dev/sda)\n+00020080: 0a0a 2020 2050 4152 542d 4e55 4d20 7265 .. PART-NUM re\n+00020090: 7072 6573 656e 7473 2074 6865 2070 6172 presents the par\n+000200a0: 7469 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 tition number of\n+000200b0: 2044 4556 4943 452c 2073 7461 7274 696e DEVICE, startin\n+000200c0: 6720 6672 6f6d 0a6f 6e65 2e20 2050 4152 g from.one. PAR\n+000200d0: 544e 414d 4520 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e61 TNAME is optiona\n+000200e0: 6c20 6275 7420 6973 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 l but is recomme\n+000200f0: 6e64 6564 2073 696e 6365 2064 6973 6b20 nded since disk \n+00020100: 6d61 7920 6861 7665 0a73 6576 6572 616c may have.several\n+00020110: 2074 6f70 2d6c 6576 656c 2070 6172 746d top-level partm\n+00020120: 6170 732e 2020 5370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 aps. Specifying\n+00020130: 2074 6869 7264 2061 6e64 206c 6174 6572 third and later\n+00020140: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2079 6f75 0a63 component you.c\n+00020150: 616e 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f 2073 7562 an access to sub\n+00020160: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 partitions... \n+00020170: 5468 6520 7379 6e74 6178 20e2 8098 2868 The syntax ...(h\n+00020180: 6430 29e2 8099 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 d0)... represent\n+00020190: 7320 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 656e 7469 s using the enti\n+000201a0: 7265 2064 6973 6b20 286f 7220 7468 6520 re disk (or the \n+000201b0: 4d42 5220 7768 656e 0a69 6e73 7461 6c6c MBR when.install\n+000201c0: 696e 6720 4752 5542 292c 2077 6869 6c65 ing GRUB), while\n+000201d0: 2074 6865 2073 796e 7461 7820 e280 9828 the syntax ...(\n+000201e0: 6864 302c 3129 e280 9920 7265 7072 6573 hd0,1)... repres\n+000201f0: 656e 7473 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2066 ents using the f\n+00020200: 6972 7374 0a70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f irst.partition o\n+00020210: 6620 7468 6520 6469 736b 2028 6f72 2074 f the disk (or t\n+00020220: 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 6374 6f72 206f he boot sector o\n+00020230: 6620 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 f the partition \n+00020240: 7768 656e 0a69 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 when.installing \n+00020250: 4752 5542 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6864 GRUB)... (hd\n+00020260: 302c 6d73 646f 7331 290a 2020 2020 2028 0,msdos1). (\n+00020270: 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 2c6d 7364 6f73 hd0,msdos1,msdos\n+00020280: 3529 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 5). (hd0,msd\n+00020290: 6f73 312c 6273 6433 290a 2020 2020 2028 os1,bsd3). (\n+000202a0: 6864 302c 6e65 7462 7364 3129 0a20 2020 hd0,netbsd1). \n+000202b0: 2020 2868 6430 2c67 7074 3129 0a20 2020 (hd0,gpt1). \n+000202c0: 2020 2868 6430 2c31 2c33 290a 0a20 2020 (hd0,1,3).. \n+000202d0: 4966 2079 6f75 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2074 If you enabled t\n+000202e0: 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b 2073 7570 706f he network suppo\n+000202f0: 7274 2c20 7468 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c20 rt, the special \n+00020300: 6472 6976 6573 0ae2 8098 2850 524f 544f drives....(PROTO\n+00020310: 434f 4c5b 2c53 4552 5645 525d 29e2 8099 COL[,SERVER])...\n+00020320: 2061 7265 2061 6c73 6f20 6176 6169 6c61 are also availa\n+00020330: 626c 652e 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 ble. 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If SER\n+00020370: 5645 5220 6973 206f 6d69 7474 6564 2c20 VER is omitted, \n+00020380: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e value of environ\n+00020390: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 650a e280 ment variable...\n+000203a0: 986e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 .net_default_ser\n+000203b0: 7665 72e2 8099 2069 7320 7573 6564 2e20 ver... is used. \n+000203c0: 2042 6566 6f72 6520 7573 696e 6720 7468 Before using th\n+000203d0: 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6472 6976 652c e network drive,\n+000203e0: 2079 6f75 206d 7573 740a 696e 6974 6961 you must.initia\n+000203f0: 6c69 7a65 2074 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b lize the network\n+00020400: 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b . *Note Network\n+00020410: 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 ::, for more inf\n+00020420: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 ormation... 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To avo\n+000204b0: 6964 2070 6172 7369 6e67 2063 6f6e 666c id parsing confl\n+000204c0: 6963 7473 2c20 7768 656e 0a75 7369 6e67 icts, when.using\n+000204d0: 2049 5076 3620 6164 6472 6573 7365 7320 IPv6 addresses \n+000204e0: 7769 7468 2063 7573 746f 6d20 706f 7274 with custom port\n+000204f0: 732c 2074 6865 2061 6464 7265 7373 6573 s, the addresses\n+00020500: 206d 7573 7420 6265 2065 6e63 6c6f 7365 must be enclose\n+00020510: 640a 7769 7468 2073 7175 6172 6520 6272 d.with square br\n+00020520: 6163 6b65 7473 2028 e280 985b 5de2 8099 ackets (...[]...\n+00020530: 292c 2061 7320 6973 2073 7461 6e64 6172 ), as is standar\n+00020540: 6420 7072 6163 7469 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 d practice... \n+00020550: 2020 2868 7474 702c 6772 7562 2e65 7861 (http,grub.exa\n+00020560: 6d70 6c65 2e63 6f6d 3a33 3133 3337 290a mple.com:31337).\n+00020570: 2020 2020 2028 6874 7470 2c31 3932 2e30 (http,192.0\n+00020580: 2e32 2e31 3a33 3339 290a 2020 2020 2028 .2.1:339). (\n+00020590: 6874 7470 2c5b 3230 3031 3a64 6238 3a3a http,[2001:db8::\n+000205a0: 315d 3a31 3132 3335 290a 0a20 2020 4966 1]:11235).. If\n+000205b0: 2079 6f75 2062 6f6f 7420 4752 5542 2066 you boot GRUB f\n+000205c0: 726f 6d20 6120 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 e280 rom a CD-ROM, ..\n+000205d0: 9828 6364 29e2 8099 2069 7320 6176 6169 .(cd)... is avai\n+000205e0: 6c61 626c 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 4d61 lable. *Note Ma\n+000205f0: 6b69 6e67 2061 0a47 5255 4220 626f 6f74 king a.GRUB boot\n+00020600: 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d3a 3a2c 2066 able CD-ROM::, f\n+00020610: 6f72 2064 6574 6169 6c73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 or details.....F\n+00020620: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00020630: 204e 6f64 653a 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 Node: File name\n+00020640: 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 syntax, Next: \n+00020650: 426c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 Block list synta\n+00020660: 782c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4465 7669 6365 x, Prev: Device\n+00020670: 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 5570 3a20 4669 syntax, Up: Fi\n+00020680: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 0a0a 3133 2e32 2048 lesystem..13.2 H\n+00020690: 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 6669 ow to specify fi\n+000206a0: 6c65 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d les.============\n+000206b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 =============..T\n+000206c0: 6865 7265 2061 7265 2074 776f 2077 6179 here are two way\n+000206d0: 7320 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2066 696c s to specify fil\n+000206e0: 6573 2c20 6279 20e2 809c 6162 736f 6c75 es, by ...absolu\n+000206f0: 7465 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 e280 9d20 te file name... \n+00020700: 616e 6420 6279 0ae2 809c 626c 6f63 6b20 and by....block \n+00020710: 6c69 7374 e280 9d2e 0a0a 2020 2041 6e20 list...... An \n+00020720: 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2066 696c 6520 6e61 absolute file na\n+00020730: 6d65 2072 6573 656d 626c 6573 2061 2055 me resembles a U\n+00020740: 6e69 7820 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2066 696c nix absolute fil\n+00020750: 6520 6e61 6d65 2c20 7573 696e 6720 e280 e name, using ..\n+00020760: 982f e280 990a 666f 7220 7468 6520 6469 ./....for the di\n+00020770: 7265 6374 6f72 7920 7365 7061 7261 746f rectory separato\n+00020780: 7220 286e 6f74 20e2 8098 5ce2 8099 2061 r (not ...\\... a\n+00020790: 7320 696e 2044 4f53 292e 204f 6e65 2065 s in DOS). One e\n+000207a0: 7861 6d70 6c65 2069 730a e280 9828 6864 xample is....(hd\n+000207b0: 302c 3129 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 0,1)/boot/grub/g\n+000207c0: 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2e20 2054 6869 rub.cfg.... Thi\n+000207d0: 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 6669 6c65 s means the file\n+000207e0: 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 .../boot/grub/g\n+000207f0: 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 0a69 6e20 7468 rub.cfg....in th\n+00020800: 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f e first partitio\n+00020810: 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2068 n of the first h\n+00020820: 6172 6420 6469 736b 2e20 2049 6620 796f ard disk. If yo\n+00020830: 7520 6f6d 6974 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 u omit the devic\n+00020840: 650a 6e61 6d65 2069 6e20 616e 2061 6273 e.name in an abs\n+00020850: 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 652c olute file name,\n+00020860: 2047 5255 4220 7573 6573 2047 5255 4227 GRUB uses GRUB'\n+00020870: 7320 e280 9c72 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 s ...root device\n+00020880: e280 9d0a 696d 706c 6963 6974 6c79 2e20 ....implicitly. \n+00020890: 2053 6f20 6966 2079 6f75 2073 6574 2074 So if you set t\n+000208a0: 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 2074 he root device t\n+000208b0: 6f2c 2073 6179 2c20 e280 9828 6864 312c o, say, ...(hd1,\n+000208c0: 3129 e280 9920 6279 2074 6865 0a63 6f6d 1)... by the.com\n+000208d0: 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 7365 7420 726f 6f74 mand ...set root\n+000208e0: 3d28 6864 312c 3129 e280 9920 282a 6e6f =(hd1,1)... (*no\n+000208f0: 7465 2073 6574 3a3a 292c 2074 6865 6e20 te set::), then \n+00020900: e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f6b 6572 6e65 6ce2 .../boot/kernel.\n+00020910: 8099 2069 7320 7468 650a 7361 6d65 2061 .. is the.same a\n+00020920: 7320 e280 9828 6864 312c 3129 2f62 6f6f s ...(hd1,1)/boo\n+00020930: 742f 6b65 726e 656c e280 992e 0a0a 2020 t/kernel...... \n+00020940: 204f 6e20 5a46 5320 6669 6c65 7379 7374 On ZFS filesyst\n+00020950: 656d 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6174 em the first pat\n+00020960: 6820 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 6d75 7374 h component must\n+00020970: 2062 650a 564f 4c55 4d45 e280 9840 e280 be.VOLUME...@..\n+00020980: 995b 534e 4150 5348 4f54 5d2e 2020 536f .[SNAPSHOT]. 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Trailing ...\n+00020a30: 40e2 8099 2061 6674 6572 2076 6f6c 756d @... after volum\n+00020a40: 6520 6e61 6d65 2069 7320 6d61 6e64 6174 e name is mandat\n+00020a50: 6f72 7920 6576 656e 2069 660a 736e 6170 ory even if.snap\n+00020a60: 7368 6f74 206e 616d 6520 6973 206f 6d69 shot name is omi\n+00020a70: 7474 6564 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tted.....File: g\n+00020a80: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00020a90: 2042 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 Block list synt\n+00020aa0: 6178 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2046 696c 6520 ax, Prev: File \n+00020ab0: 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 5570 name syntax, Up\n+00020ac0: 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 0a0a 3133 : Filesystem..13\n+00020ad0: 2e33 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 .3 How to specif\n+00020ae0: 7920 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 730a 3d3d y block lists.==\n+00020af0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00020b00: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 =============..A\n+00020b10: 2062 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 6973 2075 block list is u\n+00020b20: 7365 6420 666f 7220 7370 6563 6966 7969 sed for specifyi\n+00020b30: 6e67 2061 2066 696c 6520 7468 6174 2064 ng a file that d\n+00020b40: 6f65 736e 2774 2061 7070 6561 7220 696e oesn't appear in\n+00020b50: 2074 6865 0a66 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2c the.filesystem,\n+00020b60: 206c 696b 6520 6120 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 like a chainloa\n+00020b70: 6465 722e 2020 5468 6520 7379 6e74 6178 der. The syntax\n+00020b80: 2069 730a e280 985b 4f46 4653 4554 5d2b is....[OFFSET]+\n+00020b90: 5b4c 454e 4754 485d 5b2c 5b4f 4646 5345 [LENGTH][,[OFFSE\n+00020ba0: 545d 2b5b 4c45 4e47 5448 5d5d 2e2e 2ee2 T]+[LENGTH]]....\n+00020bb0: 8099 2e20 2048 6572 6520 6973 2061 6e20 ... Here is an \n+00020bc0: 6578 616d 706c 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2030 example:.. 0\n+00020bd0: 2b31 3030 2c32 3030 2b31 2c33 3030 2b33 +100,200+1,300+3\n+00020be0: 3030 2c38 3030 2b0a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 00,800+.. This\n+00020bf0: 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 7320 7468 6174 represents that\n+00020c00: 2047 5255 4220 7368 6f75 6c64 2072 6561 GRUB should rea\n+00020c10: 6420 626c 6f63 6b73 2030 2074 6872 6f75 d blocks 0 throu\n+00020c20: 6768 2039 392c 2062 6c6f 636b 2032 3030 gh 99, block 200\n+00020c30: 2c0a 626c 6f63 6b73 2033 3030 2074 6872 ,.blocks 300 thr\n+00020c40: 6f75 6768 2035 3939 2c20 616e 6420 626c ough 599, and bl\n+00020c50: 6f63 6b73 2038 3030 2075 6e74 696c 2074 ocks 800 until t\n+00020c60: 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 7468 6520 6465 he end of the de\n+00020c70: 7669 6365 2e20 2049 660a 796f 7520 6f6d vice. If.you om\n+00020c80: 6974 2061 6e20 6f66 6673 6574 2c20 7468 it an offset, th\n+00020c90: 656e 2047 5255 4220 6173 7375 6d65 7320 en GRUB assumes \n+00020ca0: 7468 6520 6f66 6673 6574 2069 7320 7a65 the offset is ze\n+00020cb0: 726f 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 6c65 6e67 ro. If the leng\n+00020cc0: 7468 0a69 7320 6f6d 6974 7465 642c 2074 th.is omitted, t\n+00020cd0: 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2061 7373 756d 6573 hen GRUB assumes\n+00020ce0: 2074 6865 2062 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 the block list \n+00020cf0: 6578 7465 6e64 7320 756e 7469 6c20 7468 extends until th\n+00020d00: 6520 656e 6420 6f66 0a74 6865 2064 6576 e end of.the dev\n+00020d10: 6963 652e 0a0a 2020 204c 696b 6520 7468 ice... Like th\n+00020d20: 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 e file name synt\n+00020d30: 6178 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 206e ax (*note File n\n+00020d40: 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c 2069 ame syntax::), i\n+00020d50: 6620 6120 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 740a 646f f a blocklist.do\n+00020d60: 6573 206e 6f74 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 2061 es not contain a\n+00020d70: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2c20 7468 device name, th\n+00020d80: 656e 2047 5255 4220 7573 6573 2047 5255 en GRUB uses GRU\n+00020d90: 4227 7320 e280 9c72 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 B's ...root devi\n+00020da0: 6365 e280 9d2e 2020 536f 0ae2 8098 2868 ce.... 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If y\n+00020ff0: 6f75 2063 686f 6f73 6520 7468 6520 e280 ou choose the ..\n+00021000: 9c63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 65e2 809d .command-line...\n+00021010: 206d 656e 750a 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 6f72 menu.option, or\n+00021020: 2069 6620 7468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 if the configur\n+00021030: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2077 6173 206e ation file was n\n+00021040: 6f74 2066 6f75 6e64 2c20 7468 656e 2047 ot found, then G\n+00021050: 5255 4220 6472 6f70 7320 746f 0a74 6865 RUB drops to.the\n+00021060: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e command-line in\n+00021070: 7465 7266 6163 652e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 terface...* Menu\n+00021080: 3a0a 0a2a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e :..* Command-lin\n+00021090: 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 653a 3a20 2020 e interface:: \n+000210a0: 2020 2054 6865 2066 6c65 7869 626c 6520 The flexible \n+000210b0: 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 command-line int\n+000210c0: 6572 6661 6365 0a2a 204d 656e 7520 696e erface.* Menu in\n+000210d0: 7465 7266 6163 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 terface:: \n+000210e0: 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2073 696d 706c The simpl\n+000210f0: 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 e menu interface\n+00021100: 0a2a 204d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6564 .* Menu entry ed\n+00021110: 6974 6f72 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 itor:: \n+00021120: 2045 6469 7469 6e67 2061 206d 656e 7520 Editing a menu \n+00021130: 656e 7472 790a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 entry....File: g\n+00021140: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00021150: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e Command-line in\n+00021160: 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 terface, Next: \n+00021170: 4d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 Menu interface, \n+00021180: 2055 703a 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a0a Up: Interface..\n+00021190: 3134 2e31 2054 6865 2066 6c65 7869 626c 14.1 The flexibl\n+000211a0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 e command-line i\n+000211b0: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d nterface.=======\n 000211c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 000211d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000211e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 =====..The comma\n-000211f0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 nd-line interfac\n-00021200: 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2061 2070 726f e provides a pro\n-00021210: 6d70 7420 616e 6420 6166 7465 7220 6974 mpt and after it\n-00021220: 2061 6e20 6564 6974 6162 6c65 0a74 6578 an editable.tex\n-00021230: 7420 6172 6561 206d 7563 6820 6c69 6b65 t area much like\n-00021240: 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 a command-line \n-00021250: 696e 2055 6e69 7820 6f72 2044 4f53 2e20 in Unix or DOS. \n-00021260: 4561 6368 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 730a Each command is.\n-00021270: 696d 6d65 6469 6174 656c 7920 6578 6563 immediately exec\n-00021280: 7574 6564 2061 6674 6572 2069 7420 6973 uted after it is\n-00021290: 2065 6e74 6572 6564 2831 2920 282a 6e6f entered(1) (*no\n-000212a0: 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 650a te Command-line.\n-000212b0: 696e 7465 7266 6163 652d 466f 6f74 6e6f interface-Footno\n-000212c0: 7465 2d31 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6520 636f te-1::). The co\n-000212d0: 6d6d 616e 6473 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 436f mmands (*note Co\n-000212e0: 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a 2920 6172 6520 6120 mmands::) are a \n-000212f0: 7375 6273 6574 0a6f 6620 7468 6f73 6520 subset.of those \n-00021300: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e 2074 6865 available in the\n-00021310: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 configuration f\n-00021320: 696c 652c 2075 7365 6420 7769 7468 2065 ile, used with e\n-00021330: 7861 6374 6c79 2074 6865 2073 616d 650a xactly the same.\n-00021340: 7379 6e74 6178 2e0a 0a20 2020 4375 7273 syntax... Curs\n-00021350: 6f72 206d 6f76 656d 656e 7420 616e 6420 or movement and \n-00021360: 6564 6974 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 2074 editing of the t\n-00021370: 6578 7420 6f6e 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 ext on the line \n-00021380: 6361 6e20 6265 2064 6f6e 6520 7669 6120 can be done via \n-00021390: 610a 7375 6273 6574 206f 6620 7468 6520 a.subset of the \n-000213a0: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6176 6169 6c61 functions availa\n-000213b0: 626c 6520 696e 2074 6865 2042 6173 6820 ble in the Bash \n-000213c0: 7368 656c 6c3a 0a0a 3c43 2d66 3e0a 3c50 shell:.... \n-000213e0: 2020 4d6f 7665 2066 6f72 7761 7264 206f Move forward o\n-000213f0: 6e65 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2e0a 0a3c ne character...<\n-00021400: 432d 623e 0a3c 5043 206c 6566 7420 6b65 C-b>.. Move bac\n-00021420: 6b20 6f6e 6520 6368 6172 6163 7465 722e k one character.\n-00021430: 0a0a 3c43 2d61 3e0a 3c48 4f4d 453e 0a20 .... \n-00021440: 2020 2020 4d6f 7665 2074 6f20 7468 6520 Move to the \n-00021450: 7374 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c 696e start of the lin\n-00021460: 652e 0a0a 3c43 2d65 3e0a 3c45 4e44 3e0a e.....\n-00021470: 2020 2020 204d 6f76 6520 7468 6520 7468 Move the th\n-00021480: 6520 656e 6420 6f66 2074 6865 206c 696e e end of the lin\n-00021490: 652e 0a0a 3c43 2d64 3e0a 3c44 454c 3e0a e.....\n-000214a0: 2020 2020 2044 656c 6574 6520 7468 6520 Delete the \n-000214b0: 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 756e 6465 726e character undern\n-000214c0: 6561 7468 2074 6865 2063 7572 736f 722e eath the cursor.\n-000214d0: 0a0a 3c43 2d68 3e0a 3c42 533e 0a20 2020 .... \n-000214e0: 2020 4465 6c65 7465 2074 6865 2063 6861 Delete the cha\n-000214f0: 7261 6374 6572 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6c65 racter to the le\n-00021500: 6674 206f 6620 7468 6520 6375 7273 6f72 ft of the cursor\n-00021510: 2e0a 0a3c 432d 6b3e 0a20 2020 2020 4b69 .... Ki\n-00021520: 6c6c 2074 6865 2074 6578 7420 6672 6f6d ll the text from\n-00021530: 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2063 7572 the current cur\n-00021540: 736f 7220 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 sor position to \n-00021550: 7468 6520 656e 6420 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 the end of the. \n-00021560: 2020 2020 6c69 6e65 2e0a 0a3c 432d 753e line...\n-00021570: 0a20 2020 2020 4b69 6c6c 2062 6163 6b77 . Kill backw\n-00021580: 6172 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2063 7572 ard from the cur\n-00021590: 736f 7220 746f 2074 6865 2062 6567 696e sor to the begin\n-000215a0: 6e69 6e67 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 ning of the line\n-000215b0: 2e0a 0a3c 432d 793e 0a20 2020 2020 5961 .... Ya\n-000215c0: 6e6b 2074 6865 206b 696c 6c65 6420 7465 nk the killed te\n-000215d0: 7874 2062 6163 6b20 696e 746f 2074 6865 xt back into the\n-000215e0: 2062 7566 6665 7220 6174 2074 6865 2063 buffer at the c\n-000215f0: 7572 736f 722e 0a0a 3c43 2d70 3e0a 3c50 ursor..... M\n-00021610: 6f76 6520 7570 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2074 ove up through t\n-00021620: 6865 2068 6973 746f 7279 206c 6973 742e he history list.\n-00021630: 0a0a 3c43 2d6e 3e0a 3c50 4320 646f 776e .... Move \n-00021650: 646f 776e 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2074 6865 down through the\n-00021660: 2068 6973 746f 7279 206c 6973 742e 0a0a history list...\n-00021670: 2020 2057 6865 6e20 7479 7069 6e67 2063 When typing c\n-00021680: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 696e 7465 7261 6374 ommands interact\n-00021690: 6976 656c 792c 2069 6620 7468 6520 6375 ively, if the cu\n-000216a0: 7273 6f72 2069 7320 7769 7468 696e 206f rsor is within o\n-000216b0: 7220 6265 666f 7265 0a74 6865 2066 6972 r before.the fir\n-000216c0: 7374 2077 6f72 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 st word in the c\n-000216d0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 652c 2070 7265 ommand-line, pre\n-000216e0: 7373 696e 6720 7468 6520 3c54 4142 3e20 ssing the \n-000216f0: 6b65 7920 286f 7220 3c43 2d69 3e29 0a77 key (or ).w\n-00021700: 696c 6c20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 6120 6c69 ill display a li\n-00021710: 7374 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 2061 7661 sting of the ava\n-00021720: 696c 6162 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c ilable commands,\n-00021730: 2061 6e64 2069 6620 7468 6520 6375 7273 and if the curs\n-00021740: 6f72 2069 730a 6166 7465 7220 7468 6520 or is.after the \n-00021750: 6669 7273 7420 776f 7264 2c20 7468 6520 first word, the \n-00021760: e280 983c 5441 423e e280 9920 7769 6c6c ...... will\n-00021770: 2070 726f 7669 6465 2061 2063 6f6d 706c provide a compl\n-00021780: 6574 696f 6e20 6c69 7374 696e 6720 6f66 etion listing of\n-00021790: 0a64 6973 6b73 2c20 7061 7274 6974 696f .disks, partitio\n-000217a0: 6e73 2c20 616e 6420 6669 6c65 206e 616d ns, and file nam\n-000217b0: 6573 2064 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 es depending on \n-000217c0: 7468 6520 636f 6e74 6578 742e 2020 4e6f the context. No\n-000217d0: 7465 2074 6861 740a 746f 206f 6274 6169 te that.to obtai\n-000217e0: 6e20 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6472 6976 n a list of driv\n-000217f0: 6573 2c20 6f6e 6520 6d75 7374 206f 7065 es, one must ope\n-00021800: 6e20 6120 7061 7265 6e74 6865 7369 732c n a parenthesis,\n-00021810: 2061 7320 e280 9872 6f6f 7420 28e2 8099 as ...root (...\n-00021820: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 ... Note that \n-00021830: 796f 7520 6361 6e6e 6f74 2075 7365 2074 you cannot use t\n-00021840: 6865 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 696f 6e20 6675 he completion fu\n-00021850: 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 6974 7920 696e 2074 nctionality in t\n-00021860: 6865 2054 4654 500a 6669 6c65 7379 7374 he TFTP.filesyst\n-00021870: 656d 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2062 6563 em. This is bec\n-00021880: 6175 7365 2054 4654 5020 646f 6573 6e27 ause TFTP doesn'\n-00021890: 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6669 6c65 206e t support file n\n-000218a0: 616d 6520 6c69 7374 696e 6720 666f 720a ame listing for.\n-000218b0: 7468 6520 7365 6375 7269 7479 2e0a 0a1f the security....\n-000218c0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-000218d0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 , Node: Command\n-000218e0: 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 652d -line interface-\n-000218f0: 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 Footnotes, Up: \n-00021900: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 Command-line int\n-00021910: 6572 6661 6365 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 2048 erface.. (1) H\n-00021920: 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 7468 6973 2062 6568 owever, this beh\n-00021930: 6176 696f 7220 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6368 avior will be ch\n-00021940: 616e 6765 6420 696e 2074 6865 2066 7574 anged in the fut\n-00021950: 7572 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e2c 2069 6e0a ure version, in.\n-00021960: 6120 7573 6572 2d69 6e76 6973 6962 6c65 a user-invisible\n-00021970: 2077 6179 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 way.....File: g\n-00021980: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00021990: 204d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c Menu interface,\n-000219a0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4d65 6e75 2065 6e74 Next: Menu ent\n-000219b0: 7279 2065 6469 746f 722c 2020 5072 6576 ry editor, Prev\n-000219c0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 : Command-line i\n-000219d0: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 2055 703a 2049 nterface, Up: I\n-000219e0: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a0a 3134 2e32 2054 nterface..14.2 T\n-000219f0: 6865 2073 696d 706c 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 he simple menu i\n-00021a00: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d nterface.=======\n+000211e0: 3d0a 0a54 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c =..The command-l\n+000211f0: 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 7072 ine interface pr\n+00021200: 6f76 6964 6573 2061 2070 726f 6d70 7420 ovides a prompt \n+00021210: 616e 6420 6166 7465 7220 6974 2061 6e20 and after it an \n+00021220: 6564 6974 6162 6c65 0a74 6578 7420 6172 editable.text ar\n+00021230: 6561 206d 7563 6820 6c69 6b65 2061 2063 ea much like a c\n+00021240: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 2055 ommand-line in U\n+00021250: 6e69 7820 6f72 2044 4f53 2e20 4561 6368 nix or DOS. Each\n+00021260: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 730a 696d 6d65 command is.imme\n+00021270: 6469 6174 656c 7920 6578 6563 7574 6564 diately executed\n+00021280: 2061 6674 6572 2069 7420 6973 2065 6e74 after it is ent\n+00021290: 6572 6564 2831 2920 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 ered(1) (*note C\n+000212a0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 650a 696e 7465 ommand-line.inte\n+000212b0: 7266 6163 652d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 rface-Footnote-1\n+000212c0: 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e ::). The comman\n+000212d0: 6473 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 436f 6d6d 616e ds (*note Comman\n+000212e0: 6473 3a3a 2920 6172 6520 6120 7375 6273 ds::) are a subs\n+000212f0: 6574 0a6f 6620 7468 6f73 6520 6176 6169 et.of those avai\n+00021300: 6c61 626c 6520 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6e lable in the con\n+00021310: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652c figuration file,\n+00021320: 2075 7365 6420 7769 7468 2065 7861 6374 used with exact\n+00021330: 6c79 2074 6865 2073 616d 650a 7379 6e74 ly the same.synt\n+00021340: 6178 2e0a 0a20 2020 4375 7273 6f72 206d ax... Cursor m\n+00021350: 6f76 656d 656e 7420 616e 6420 6564 6974 ovement and edit\n+00021360: 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 2074 6578 7420 ing of the text \n+00021370: 6f6e 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6361 6e20 on the line can \n+00021380: 6265 2064 6f6e 6520 7669 6120 610a 7375 be done via a.su\n+00021390: 6273 6574 206f 6620 7468 6520 6675 6e63 bset of the func\n+000213a0: 7469 6f6e 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 tions available \n+000213b0: 696e 2074 6865 2042 6173 6820 7368 656c in the Bash shel\n+000213c0: 6c3a 0a0a 3c43 2d66 3e0a 3c50 4320 7269 l:.... Mo\n+000213e0: 7665 2066 6f72 7761 7264 206f 6e65 2063 ve forward one c\n+000213f0: 6861 7261 6374 6572 2e0a 0a3c 432d 623e haracter...\n+00021400: 0a3c 5043 206c 6566 7420 6b65 793e 0a20 .. \n+00021410: 2020 2020 4d6f 7665 2062 6163 6b20 6f6e Move back on\n+00021420: 6520 6368 6172 6163 7465 722e 0a0a 3c43 e character..... \n+00021440: 4d6f 7665 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7374 6172 Move to the star\n+00021450: 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c 696e 652e 0a0a t of the line...\n+00021460: 3c43 2d65 3e0a 3c45 4e44 3e0a 2020 2020 .. \n+00021470: 204d 6f76 6520 7468 6520 7468 6520 656e Move the the en\n+00021480: 6420 6f66 2074 6865 206c 696e 652e 0a0a d of the line...\n+00021490: 3c43 2d64 3e0a 3c44 454c 3e0a 2020 2020 .. \n+000214a0: 2044 656c 6574 6520 7468 6520 6368 6172 Delete the char\n+000214b0: 6163 7465 7220 756e 6465 726e 6561 7468 acter underneath\n+000214c0: 2074 6865 2063 7572 736f 722e 0a0a 3c43 the cursor..... De\n+000214e0: 6c65 7465 2074 6865 2063 6861 7261 6374 lete the charact\n+000214f0: 6572 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6c65 6674 206f er to the left o\n+00021500: 6620 7468 6520 6375 7273 6f72 2e0a 0a3c f the cursor...<\n+00021510: 432d 6b3e 0a20 2020 2020 4b69 6c6c 2074 C-k>. Kill t\n+00021520: 6865 2074 6578 7420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 he text from the\n+00021530: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2063 7572 736f 7220 current cursor \n+00021540: 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 7468 6520 position to the \n+00021550: 656e 6420 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 end of the. \n+00021560: 6c69 6e65 2e0a 0a3c 432d 753e 0a20 2020 line.... \n+00021570: 2020 4b69 6c6c 2062 6163 6b77 6172 6420 Kill backward \n+00021580: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2063 7572 736f 7220 from the cursor \n+00021590: 746f 2074 6865 2062 6567 696e 6e69 6e67 to the beginning\n+000215a0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2e0a 0a3c of the line...<\n+000215b0: 432d 793e 0a20 2020 2020 5961 6e6b 2074 C-y>. Yank t\n+000215c0: 6865 206b 696c 6c65 6420 7465 7874 2062 he killed text b\n+000215d0: 6163 6b20 696e 746f 2074 6865 2062 7566 ack into the buf\n+000215e0: 6665 7220 6174 2074 6865 2063 7572 736f fer at the curso\n+000215f0: 722e 0a0a 3c43 2d70 3e0a 3c50 4320 7570 r..... Move \n+00021610: 7570 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2074 6865 2068 up through the h\n+00021620: 6973 746f 7279 206c 6973 742e 0a0a 3c43 istory list..... Move down\n+00021650: 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2074 6865 2068 6973 through the his\n+00021660: 746f 7279 206c 6973 742e 0a0a 2020 2057 tory list... W\n+00021670: 6865 6e20 7479 7069 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 hen typing comma\n+00021680: 6e64 7320 696e 7465 7261 6374 6976 656c nds interactivel\n+00021690: 792c 2069 6620 7468 6520 6375 7273 6f72 y, if the cursor\n+000216a0: 2069 7320 7769 7468 696e 206f 7220 6265 is within or be\n+000216b0: 666f 7265 0a74 6865 2066 6972 7374 2077 fore.the first w\n+000216c0: 6f72 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 ord in the comma\n+000216d0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 652c 2070 7265 7373 696e nd-line, pressin\n+000216e0: 6720 7468 6520 3c54 4142 3e20 6b65 7920 g the key \n+000216f0: 286f 7220 3c43 2d69 3e29 0a77 696c 6c20 (or ).will \n+00021700: 6469 7370 6c61 7920 6120 6c69 7374 696e display a listin\n+00021710: 6720 6f66 2074 6865 2061 7661 696c 6162 g of the availab\n+00021720: 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2061 6e64 le commands, and\n+00021730: 2069 6620 7468 6520 6375 7273 6f72 2069 if the cursor i\n+00021740: 730a 6166 7465 7220 7468 6520 6669 7273 s.after the firs\n+00021750: 7420 776f 7264 2c20 7468 6520 e280 983c t word, the ...<\n+00021760: 5441 423e e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2070 726f TAB>... will pro\n+00021770: 7669 6465 2061 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 696f vide a completio\n+00021780: 6e20 6c69 7374 696e 6720 6f66 0a64 6973 n listing of.dis\n+00021790: 6b73 2c20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2c20 ks, partitions, \n+000217a0: 616e 6420 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6573 2064 and file names d\n+000217b0: 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 7468 6520 epending on the \n+000217c0: 636f 6e74 6578 742e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 context. Note t\n+000217d0: 6861 740a 746f 206f 6274 6169 6e20 6120 hat.to obtain a \n+000217e0: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6472 6976 6573 2c20 list of drives, \n+000217f0: 6f6e 6520 6d75 7374 206f 7065 6e20 6120 one must open a \n+00021800: 7061 7265 6e74 6865 7369 732c 2061 7320 parenthesis, as \n+00021810: e280 9872 6f6f 7420 28e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 ...root (...... \n+00021820: 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 Note that you \n+00021830: 6361 6e6e 6f74 2075 7365 2074 6865 2063 cannot use the c\n+00021840: 6f6d 706c 6574 696f 6e20 6675 6e63 7469 ompletion functi\n+00021850: 6f6e 616c 6974 7920 696e 2074 6865 2054 onality in the T\n+00021860: 4654 500a 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2e20 FTP.filesystem. \n+00021870: 2054 6869 7320 6973 2062 6563 6175 7365 This is because\n+00021880: 2054 4654 5020 646f 6573 6e27 7420 7375 TFTP doesn't su\n+00021890: 7070 6f72 7420 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 pport file name \n+000218a0: 6c69 7374 696e 6720 666f 720a 7468 6520 listing for.the \n+000218b0: 7365 6375 7269 7479 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c security.....Fil\n+000218c0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+000218d0: 6f64 653a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e ode: Command-lin\n+000218e0: 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 652d 466f 6f74 e interface-Foot\n+000218f0: 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d notes, Up: Comm\n+00021900: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 and-line interfa\n+00021910: 6365 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 2048 6f77 6576 ce.. (1) Howev\n+00021920: 6572 2c20 7468 6973 2062 6568 6176 696f er, this behavio\n+00021930: 7220 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6368 616e 6765 r will be change\n+00021940: 6420 696e 2074 6865 2066 7574 7572 6520 d in the future \n+00021950: 7665 7273 696f 6e2c 2069 6e0a 6120 7573 version, in.a us\n+00021960: 6572 2d69 6e76 6973 6962 6c65 2077 6179 er-invisible way\n+00021970: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00021980: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204d 656e info, Node: Men\n+00021990: 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 4e65 u interface, Ne\n+000219a0: 7874 3a20 4d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2065 xt: Menu entry e\n+000219b0: 6469 746f 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 436f ditor, Prev: Co\n+000219c0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 mmand-line inter\n+000219d0: 6661 6365 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e74 6572 face, Up: Inter\n+000219e0: 6661 6365 0a0a 3134 2e32 2054 6865 2073 face..14.2 The s\n+000219f0: 696d 706c 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 imple menu inter\n+00021a00: 6661 6365 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d face.===========\n 00021a10: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00021a20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 206d 656e =======..The men\n-00021a30: 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 6973 2071 u interface is q\n-00021a40: 7569 7465 2065 6173 7920 746f 2075 7365 uite easy to use\n-00021a50: 2e20 2049 7473 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 . Its commands \n-00021a60: 6172 6520 626f 7468 0a72 6561 736f 6e61 are both.reasona\n-00021a70: 626c 7920 696e 7475 6974 6976 6520 616e bly intuitive an\n-00021a80: 6420 6465 7363 7269 6265 6420 6f6e 2073 d described on s\n-00021a90: 6372 6565 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2042 6173 6963 creen... Basic\n-00021aa0: 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 ally, the menu i\n-00021ab0: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2070 726f 7669 6465 nterface provide\n-00021ac0: 7320 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 e280 9c62 s a list of ...b\n-00021ad0: 6f6f 7420 656e 7472 6965 73e2 809d 2074 oot entries... t\n-00021ae0: 6f0a 7468 6520 7573 6572 2074 6f20 6368 o.the user to ch\n-00021af0: 6f6f 7365 2066 726f 6d2e 2020 5573 6520 oose from. Use \n-00021b00: 7468 6520 6172 726f 7720 6b65 7973 2074 the arrow keys t\n-00021b10: 6f20 7365 6c65 6374 2074 6865 2065 6e74 o select the ent\n-00021b20: 7279 206f 660a 6368 6f69 6365 2c20 7468 ry of.choice, th\n-00021b30: 656e 2070 7265 7373 203c 5245 543e 2074 en press t\n-00021b40: 6f20 7275 6e20 6974 2e20 2041 6e20 6f70 o run it. An op\n-00021b50: 7469 6f6e 616c 2074 696d 656f 7574 2069 tional timeout i\n-00021b60: 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 746f 0a62 s available to.b\n-00021b70: 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 oot the default \n-00021b80: 656e 7472 7920 2874 6865 2066 6972 7374 entry (the first\n-00021b90: 206f 6e65 2069 6620 6e6f 7420 7365 7429 one if not set)\n-00021ba0: 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6973 2061 626f 7274 , which is abort\n-00021bb0: 6564 2062 790a 7072 6573 7369 6e67 2061 ed by.pressing a\n-00021bc0: 6e79 206b 6579 2e0a 0a20 2020 436f 6d6d ny key... 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to.en\n-00021d60: 7465 7220 7468 6520 7061 7373 776f 7264 ter the password\n-00021d70: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5072 6573 7369 6e67 203c ... Pressing <\n-00021d80: 4374 726c 2d6c 3e20 7769 6c6c 2072 6566 Ctrl-l> will ref\n-00021d90: 7265 7368 2074 6865 206d 656e 752c 2077 resh the menu, w\n-00021da0: 6869 6368 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6566 hich can be usef\n-00021db0: 756c 2077 6865 6e0a 636f 6e6e 6563 7469 ul when.connecti\n-00021dc0: 6e67 2076 6961 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6166 ng via serial af\n-00021dd0: 7465 7220 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2068 6173 ter the menu has\n-00021de0: 2062 6565 6e20 6472 6177 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a been drawn.....\n-00021df0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00021e00: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d65 6e75 2065 6e74 Node: Menu ent\n-00021e10: 7279 2065 6469 746f 722c 2020 5072 6576 ry editor, Prev\n-00021e20: 3a20 4d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 : Menu interface\n-00021e30: 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 , Up: Interface\n-00021e40: 0a0a 3134 2e33 2045 6469 7469 6e67 2061 ..14.3 Editing a\n-00021e50: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 790a 3d3d 3d3d menu entry.====\n+00021a20: 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 206d 656e 7520 696e ===..The menu in\n+00021a30: 7465 7266 6163 6520 6973 2071 7569 7465 terface is quite\n+00021a40: 2065 6173 7920 746f 2075 7365 2e20 2049 easy to use. I\n+00021a50: 7473 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 6520 ts commands are \n+00021a60: 626f 7468 0a72 6561 736f 6e61 626c 7920 both.reasonably \n+00021a70: 696e 7475 6974 6976 6520 616e 6420 6465 intuitive and de\n+00021a80: 7363 7269 6265 6420 6f6e 2073 6372 6565 scribed on scree\n+00021a90: 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2042 6173 6963 616c 6c79 n... Basically\n+00021aa0: 2c20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 , the menu inter\n+00021ab0: 6661 6365 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 6120 face provides a \n+00021ac0: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 e280 9c62 6f6f 7420 list of ...boot \n+00021ad0: 656e 7472 6965 73e2 809d 2074 6f0a 7468 entries... to.th\n+00021ae0: 6520 7573 6572 2074 6f20 6368 6f6f 7365 e user to choose\n+00021af0: 2066 726f 6d2e 2020 5573 6520 7468 6520 from. Use the \n+00021b00: 6172 726f 7720 6b65 7973 2074 6f20 7365 arrow keys to se\n+00021b10: 6c65 6374 2074 6865 2065 6e74 7279 206f lect the entry o\n+00021b20: 660a 6368 6f69 6365 2c20 7468 656e 2070 f.choice, then p\n+00021b30: 7265 7373 203c 5245 543e 2074 6f20 7275 ress to ru\n+00021b40: 6e20 6974 2e20 2041 6e20 6f70 7469 6f6e n it. An option\n+00021b50: 616c 2074 696d 656f 7574 2069 7320 6176 al timeout is av\n+00021b60: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 746f 0a62 6f6f 7420 ailable to.boot \n+00021b70: 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 the default entr\n+00021b80: 7920 2874 6865 2066 6972 7374 206f 6e65 y (the first one\n+00021b90: 2069 6620 6e6f 7420 7365 7429 2c20 7768 if not set), wh\n+00021ba0: 6963 6820 6973 2061 626f 7274 6564 2062 ich is aborted b\n+00021bb0: 790a 7072 6573 7369 6e67 2061 6e79 206b y.pressing any k\n+00021bc0: 6579 2e0a 0a20 2020 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 ey... Commands\n+00021bd0: 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2074 are available t\n+00021be0: 6f20 656e 7465 7220 6120 6261 7265 2063 o enter a bare c\n+00021bf0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6279 2070 ommand-line by p\n+00021c00: 7265 7373 696e 6720 3c63 3e0a 2877 6869 ressing .(whi\n+00021c10: 6368 206f 7065 7261 7465 7320 6578 6163 ch operates exac\n+00021c20: 746c 7920 6c69 6b65 2074 6865 206e 6f6e tly like the non\n+00021c30: 2d63 6f6e 6669 672d 6669 6c65 2076 6572 -config-file ver\n+00021c40: 7369 6f6e 206f 6620 4752 5542 2c20 6275 sion of GRUB, bu\n+00021c50: 740a 616c 6c6f 7773 206f 6e65 2074 6f20 t.allows one to \n+00021c60: 7265 7475 726e 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6d65 return to the me\n+00021c70: 6e75 2069 6620 6465 7369 7265 6420 6279 nu if desired by\n+00021c80: 2070 7265 7373 696e 6720 3c45 5343 3e29 pressing )\n+00021c90: 206f 7220 746f 0a65 6469 7420 616e 7920 or to.edit any \n+00021ca0: 6f66 2074 6865 20e2 809c 626f 6f74 2065 of the ...boot e\n+00021cb0: 6e74 7269 6573 e280 9d20 6279 2070 7265 ntries... by pre\n+00021cc0: 7373 696e 6720 3c65 3e2e 0a0a 2020 2049 ssing ... I\n+00021cd0: 6620 796f 7520 7072 6f74 6563 7420 7468 f you protect th\n+00021ce0: 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 e menu interface\n+00021cf0: 2077 6974 6820 6120 7061 7373 776f 7264 with a password\n+00021d00: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5365 6375 7269 7479 (*note Security\n+00021d10: 3a3a 292c 0a61 6c6c 2079 6f75 2063 616e ::),.all you can\n+00021d20: 2064 6f20 6973 2063 686f 6f73 6520 616e do is choose an\n+00021d30: 2065 6e74 7279 2062 7920 7072 6573 7369 entry by pressi\n+00021d40: 6e67 203c 5245 543e 2c20 6f72 2070 7265 ng , or pre\n+00021d50: 7373 203c 703e 2074 6f0a 656e 7465 7220 ss

to.enter \n+00021d60: 7468 6520 7061 7373 776f 7264 2e0a 0a20 the password... \n+00021d70: 2020 5072 6573 7369 6e67 203c 4374 726c Pressing will refresh\n+00021d90: 2074 6865 206d 656e 752c 2077 6869 6368 the menu, which\n+00021da0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6566 756c 2077 can be useful w\n+00021db0: 6865 6e0a 636f 6e6e 6563 7469 6e67 2076 hen.connecting v\n+00021dc0: 6961 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6166 7465 7220 ia serial after \n+00021dd0: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2068 6173 2062 6565 the menu has bee\n+00021de0: 6e20 6472 6177 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 n drawn.....File\n+00021df0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00021e00: 6465 3a20 4d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2065 de: Menu entry e\n+00021e10: 6469 746f 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4d65 ditor, Prev: Me\n+00021e20: 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 2055 nu interface, U\n+00021e30: 703a 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a0a 3134 p: Interface..14\n+00021e40: 2e33 2045 6469 7469 6e67 2061 206d 656e .3 Editing a men\n+00021e50: 7520 656e 7472 790a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d u entry.========\n 00021e60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00021e70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 206d 656e 7520 =====..The menu \n-00021e80: 656e 7472 7920 6564 6974 6f72 206c 6f6f entry editor loo\n-00021e90: 6b73 206d 7563 6820 6c69 6b65 2074 6865 ks much like the\n-00021ea0: 206d 6169 6e20 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 main menu inter\n-00021eb0: 6661 6365 2c20 6275 7420 7468 650a 6c69 face, but the.li\n-00021ec0: 6e65 7320 696e 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 nes in the menu \n-00021ed0: 6172 6520 696e 6469 7669 6475 616c 2063 are individual c\n-00021ee0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 696e 2074 6865 2073 ommands in the s\n-00021ef0: 656c 6563 7465 6420 656e 7472 7920 696e elected entry in\n-00021f00: 7374 6561 640a 6f66 2065 6e74 7279 206e stead.of entry n\n-00021f10: 616d 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2061 6e20 ames... If an \n-00021f20: 3c45 5343 3e20 6973 2070 7265 7373 6564 is pressed\n-00021f30: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6564 6974 6f72 2c20 in the editor, \n-00021f40: 6974 2061 626f 7274 7320 616c 6c20 7468 it aborts all th\n-00021f50: 6520 6368 616e 6765 7320 6d61 6465 0a74 e changes made.t\n-00021f60: 6f20 7468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 o the configurat\n-00021f70: 696f 6e20 656e 7472 7920 616e 6420 7265 ion entry and re\n-00021f80: 7475 726e 7320 746f 2074 6865 206d 6169 turns to the mai\n-00021f90: 6e20 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 n menu interface\n-00021fa0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4561 6368 206c 696e 6520 ... Each line \n-00021fb0: 696e 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 in the menu entr\n-00021fc0: 7920 6361 6e20 6265 2065 6469 7465 6420 y can be edited \n-00021fd0: 6672 6565 6c79 2c20 616e 6420 796f 7520 freely, and you \n-00021fe0: 6361 6e20 6164 6420 6e65 770a 6c69 6e65 can add new.line\n-00021ff0: 7320 6279 2070 7265 7373 696e 6720 3c52 s by pressing at the end o\n-00022010: 6620 6120 6c69 6e65 2e20 2054 6f20 626f f a line. To bo\n-00022020: 6f74 2074 6865 2065 6469 7465 6420 656e ot the edited en\n-00022030: 7472 792c 0a70 7265 7373 203c 4374 726c try,.press ... Althoug\n-00022050: 6820 4752 5542 2075 6e66 6f72 7475 6e61 h GRUB unfortuna\n-00022060: 7465 6c79 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 7375 tely does not su\n-00022070: 7070 6f72 7420 e280 9c75 6e64 6fe2 809d pport ...undo...\n-00022080: 2c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 646f 0a61 6c6d , you can do.alm\n-00022090: 6f73 7420 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2074 6869 ost the same thi\n-000220a0: 6e67 2062 7920 6a75 7374 2072 6574 7572 ng by just retur\n-000220b0: 6e69 6e67 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6d61 696e ning to the main\n-000220c0: 206d 656e 7520 7573 696e 6720 3c45 5343 menu using .....File: grub\n-000220e0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 456e .info, Node: En\n-000220f0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 742c 2020 4e65 7874 vironment, Next\n-00022100: 3a20 4d6f 6475 6c65 732c 2020 5072 6576 : Modules, Prev\n-00022110: 3a20 496e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 5570 : Interface, Up\n-00022120: 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3520 4752 5542 2065 : Top..15 GRUB e\n-00022130: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-00022140: 626c 6573 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a bles.***********\n-00022150: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00022160: 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 2073 7570 706f 7274 **..GRUB support\n-00022170: 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 s environment va\n-00022180: 7269 6162 6c65 7320 7768 6963 6820 6172 riables which ar\n-00022190: 6520 7261 7468 6572 206c 696b 6520 7468 e rather like th\n-000221a0: 6f73 6520 6f66 6665 7265 640a 6279 2061 ose offered.by a\n-000221b0: 6c6c 2055 6e69 782d 6c69 6b65 2073 7973 ll Unix-like sys\n-000221c0: 7465 6d73 2e20 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 tems. 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They may \n-00022260: 6265 2073 6574 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 be set (*note se\n-00022270: 743a 3a29 2c20 756e 7365 740a 282a 6e6f t::), unset.(*no\n-00022280: 7465 2075 6e73 6574 3a3a 292c 206f 7220 te unset::), or \n-00022290: 6c6f 6f6b 6564 2075 7020 282a 6e6f 7465 looked up (*note\n-000222a0: 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 Shell-like scri\n-000222b0: 7074 696e 673a 3a29 2062 7920 6e61 6d65 pting::) by name\n-000222c0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4120 6e75 6d62 6572 206f ... A number o\n-000222d0: 6620 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 f environment va\n-000222e0: 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6861 7665 2073 7065 riables have spe\n-000222f0: 6369 616c 206d 6561 6e69 6e67 7320 746f cial meanings to\n-00022300: 2076 6172 696f 7573 0a70 6172 7473 206f various.parts o\n-00022310: 6620 4752 5542 2e20 4f74 6865 7273 206d f GRUB. Others m\n-00022320: 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 2066 7265 656c ay be used freel\n-00022330: 7920 696e 2047 5255 4220 636f 6e66 6967 y in GRUB config\n-00022340: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 732e 0a0a uration files...\n-00022350: 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2053 7065 6369 * Menu:..* Speci\n-00022360: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n-00022370: 6172 6961 626c 6573 3a3a 0a2a 2045 6e76 ariables::.* Env\n-00022380: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a ironment block::\n-00022390: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-000223a0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5370 6563 nfo, Node: Spec\n-000223b0: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n-000223c0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 732c 2020 4e65 7874 variables, Next\n-000223d0: 3a20 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c : Environment bl\n-000223e0: 6f63 6b2c 2020 5570 3a20 456e 7669 726f ock, Up: Enviro\n-000223f0: 6e6d 656e 740a 0a31 352e 3120 5370 6563 nment..15.1 Spec\n-00022400: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n-00022410: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d variables.======\n+00021e70: 3d0a 0a54 6865 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 =..The menu entr\n+00021e80: 7920 6564 6974 6f72 206c 6f6f 6b73 206d y editor looks m\n+00021e90: 7563 6820 6c69 6b65 2074 6865 206d 6169 uch like the mai\n+00021ea0: 6e20 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 n menu interface\n+00021eb0: 2c20 6275 7420 7468 650a 6c69 6e65 7320 , but the.lines \n+00021ec0: 696e 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6172 6520 in the menu are \n+00021ed0: 696e 6469 7669 6475 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 individual comma\n+00021ee0: 6e64 7320 696e 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 nds in the selec\n+00021ef0: 7465 6420 656e 7472 7920 696e 7374 6561 ted entry instea\n+00021f00: 640a 6f66 2065 6e74 7279 206e 616d 6573 d.of entry names\n+00021f10: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2061 6e20 3c45 5343 ... 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723a 3a0a 2a20 726f 6f74 3a3a 0a2a 2073 r::.* root::.* s\n+000227c0: 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 3a3a 0a2a 2073 7570 him_lock::.* sup\n+000227d0: 6572 7573 6572 733a 3a0a 2a20 7468 656d erusers::.* them\n+000227e0: 653a 3a0a 2a20 7469 6d65 6f75 743a 3a0a e::.* timeout::.\n+000227f0: 2a20 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 7374 796c 653a * timeout_style:\n+00022800: 3a0a 2a20 7470 6d5f 6661 696c 5f66 6174 :.* tpm_fail_fat\n+00022810: 616c 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 al::....File: gr\n+00022820: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00022830: 6269 6f73 6e75 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 biosnum, Next: \n+00022840: 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 check_signatures\n+00022850: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n+00022860: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00022870: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 2062 696f bles..15.1.1 bio\n+00022880: 736e 756d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d snum.-----------\n+00022890: 2d2d 2d0a 0a57 6865 6e20 6368 6169 6e2d ---..When chain-\n+000228a0: 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 616e 6f74 6865 7220 loading another \n+000228b0: 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 282a 6e6f boot loader (*no\n+000228c0: 7465 2043 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 te Chain-loading\n+000228d0: 3a3a 292c 2047 5255 4220 6d61 790a 6e65 ::), GRUB may.ne\n+000228e0: 6564 2074 6f20 6b6e 6f77 2077 6861 7420 ed to know what \n+000228f0: 4249 4f53 2064 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 BIOS drive numbe\n+00022900: 7220 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 7320 746f r corresponds to\n+00022910: 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 the root device\n+00022920: 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 726f 6f74 3a3a 2920 .(*note root::) \n+00022930: 736f 2074 6861 7420 6974 2063 616e 2073 so that it can s\n+00022940: 6574 2075 7020 7265 6769 7374 6572 7320 et up registers \n+00022950: 7072 6f70 6572 6c79 2e20 2049 6620 7468 properly. If th\n+00022960: 6520 4249 4f53 4e55 4d0a 7661 7269 6162 e BIOSNUM.variab\n+00022970: 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6f76 le is set, it ov\n+00022980: 6572 7269 6465 7320 4752 5542 2773 206f errides GRUB's o\n+00022990: 776e 206d 6561 6e73 206f 6620 6775 6573 wn means of gues\n+000229a0: 7369 6e67 2074 6869 732e 0a0a 2020 2046 sing this... F\n+000229b0: 6f72 2061 6e20 616c 7465 726e 6174 6976 or an alternativ\n+000229c0: 6520 6170 7072 6f61 6368 2077 6869 6368 e approach which\n+000229d0: 2061 6c73 6f20 6368 616e 6765 7320 4249 also changes BI\n+000229e0: 4f53 2064 7269 7665 206d 6170 7069 6e67 OS drive mapping\n+000229f0: 730a 666f 7220 7468 6520 6368 6169 6e2d s.for the chain-\n+00022a00: 6c6f 6164 6564 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 202a loaded system, *\n+00022a10: 6e6f 7465 2064 7269 7665 6d61 703a 3a2e note drivemap::.\n+00022a20: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00022a30: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6368 6563 nfo, Node: chec\n+00022a40: 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2c20 204e k_signatures, N\n+00022a50: 6578 743a 2063 686f 7365 6e2c 2020 5072 ext: chosen, Pr\n+00022a60: 6576 3a20 6269 6f73 6e75 6d2c 2020 5570 ev: biosnum, Up\n+00022a70: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n+00022a80: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n+00022a90: 0a31 352e 312e 3220 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 .15.1.2 check_si\n+00022aa0: 676e 6174 7572 6573 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d gnatures.-------\n 00022ab0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00022ac0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 ----..This varia\n-00022ad0: 626c 6520 636f 6e74 726f 6c73 2077 6865 ble controls whe\n-00022ae0: 7468 6572 2047 5255 4220 656e 666f 7263 ther GRUB enforc\n-00022af0: 6573 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 es digital signa\n-00022b00: 7475 7265 0a76 616c 6964 6174 696f 6e20 ture.validation \n-00022b10: 6f6e 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6669 6c65 732e on loaded files.\n-00022b20: 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 696e 6720 6469 *Note Using di\n-00022b30: 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 gital signatures\n-00022b40: 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ::.....File: gru\n-00022b50: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 b.info, Node: c\n-00022b60: 686f 7365 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636d hosen, Next: cm\n-00022b70: 6470 6174 682c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6368 dpath, Prev: ch\n-00022b80: 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2c20 eck_signatures, \n-00022b90: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-00022ba0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00022bb0: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 2063 686f 7365 es..15.1.3 chose\n-00022bc0: 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a n.-------------.\n-00022bd0: 0a57 6865 6e20 6578 6563 7574 696e 6720 .When executing \n-00022be0: 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2c20 4752 a menu entry, GR\n-00022bf0: 5542 2073 6574 7320 7468 6520 4348 4f53 UB sets the CHOS\n-00022c00: 454e 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f 2074 EN variable to t\n-00022c10: 6865 2074 6974 6c65 0a6f 6620 7468 6520 he title.of the \n-00022c20: 656e 7472 7920 6265 696e 6720 6578 6563 entry being exec\n-00022c30: 7574 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2074 6865 uted... If the\n-00022c40: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6973 2069 menu entry is i\n-00022c50: 6e20 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 7375 n one or more su\n-00022c60: 626d 656e 7573 2c20 7468 656e 2043 484f bmenus, then CHO\n-00022c70: 5345 4e20 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f0a 7468 SEN is set to.th\n-00022c80: 6520 7469 746c 6573 206f 6620 6561 6368 e titles of each\n-00022c90: 206f 6620 7468 6520 7375 626d 656e 7573 of the submenus\n-00022ca0: 2073 7461 7274 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2074 starting from t\n-00022cb0: 6865 2074 6f70 206c 6576 656c 2066 6f6c he top level fol\n-00022cc0: 6c6f 7765 640a 6279 2074 6865 2074 6974 lowed.by the tit\n-00022cd0: 6c65 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 le of the menu e\n-00022ce0: 6e74 7279 2069 7473 656c 662c 2073 6570 ntry itself, sep\n-00022cf0: 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 e280 983e e280 arated by ...>..\n-00022d00: 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ......File: grub\n-00022d10: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d .info, Node: cm\n-00022d20: 6470 6174 682c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636f dpath, Next: co\n-00022d30: 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 742c 2020 lor_highlight, \n-00022d40: 5072 6576 3a20 6368 6f73 656e 2c20 2055 Prev: chosen, U\n-00022d50: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n-00022d60: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-00022d70: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 2063 6d64 7061 7468 ..15.1.4 cmdpath\n-00022d80: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a .--------------.\n-00022d90: 0a54 6865 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6672 .The location fr\n-00022da0: 6f6d 2077 6869 6368 20e2 8098 636f 7265 om which ...core\n-00022db0: 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 7761 7320 6c6f 6164 .img... was load\n-00022dc0: 6564 2061 7320 616e 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 ed as an absolut\n-00022dd0: 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a 6e61 6d65 e directory.name\n-00022de0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 206e 616d (*note File nam\n-00022df0: 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 e syntax::). Th\n-00022e00: 6973 2069 7320 7365 7420 6279 2047 5255 is is set by GRU\n-00022e10: 4220 6174 2073 7461 7274 7570 2062 6173 B at startup bas\n-00022e20: 6564 0a6f 6e20 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f ed.on informatio\n-00022e30: 6e20 7265 7475 726e 6564 2062 7920 706c n returned by pl\n-00022e40: 6174 666f 726d 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e atform firmware.\n-00022e50: 2020 4e6f 7420 6576 6572 7920 706c 6174 Not every plat\n-00022e60: 666f 726d 0a70 726f 7669 6465 7320 7468 form.provides th\n-00022e70: 6973 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 is information a\n-00022e80: 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 6d61 7920 7265 7475 nd some may retu\n-00022e90: 726e 206f 6e6c 7920 6465 7669 6365 2077 rn only device w\n-00022ea0: 6974 686f 7574 2070 6174 680a 6e61 6d65 ithout path.name\n-00022eb0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00022ec0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6f6c info, Node: col\n-00022ed0: 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 2c20 204e or_highlight, N\n-00022ee0: 6578 743a 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 ext: color_norma\n-00022ef0: 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636d 6470 6174 l, Prev: cmdpat\n-00022f00: 682c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 h, Up: Special \n-00022f10: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-00022f20: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3520 636f ables..15.1.5 co\n-00022f30: 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 740a 2d2d lor_highlight.--\n+00022ac0: 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 ..This variable \n+00022ad0: 636f 6e74 726f 6c73 2077 6865 7468 6572 controls whether\n+00022ae0: 2047 5255 4220 656e 666f 7263 6573 2064 GRUB enforces d\n+00022af0: 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 igital signature\n+00022b00: 0a76 616c 6964 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 206c .validation on l\n+00022b10: 6f61 6465 6420 6669 6c65 732e 2020 2a4e oaded files. *N\n+00022b20: 6f74 6520 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 ote Using digita\n+00022b30: 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2e0a l signatures::..\n+00022b40: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00022b50: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 686f 7365 fo, Node: chose\n+00022b60: 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636d 6470 6174 n, Next: cmdpat\n+00022b70: 682c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6368 6563 6b5f h, Prev: check_\n+00022b80: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2c20 2055 703a signatures, Up:\n+00022b90: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n+00022ba0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n+00022bb0: 3135 2e31 2e33 2063 686f 7365 6e0a 2d2d 15.1.3 chosen.--\n+00022bc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a57 6865 -----------..Whe\n+00022bd0: 6e20 6578 6563 7574 696e 6720 6120 6d65 n executing a me\n+00022be0: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2c20 4752 5542 2073 nu entry, GRUB s\n+00022bf0: 6574 7320 7468 6520 4348 4f53 454e 2076 ets the CHOSEN v\n+00022c00: 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f 2074 6865 2074 ariable to the t\n+00022c10: 6974 6c65 0a6f 6620 7468 6520 656e 7472 itle.of the entr\n+00022c20: 7920 6265 696e 6720 6578 6563 7574 6564 y being executed\n+00022c30: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2074 6865 206d 656e ... If the men\n+00022c40: 7520 656e 7472 7920 6973 2069 6e20 6f6e u entry is in on\n+00022c50: 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 7375 626d 656e e or more submen\n+00022c60: 7573 2c20 7468 656e 2043 484f 5345 4e20 us, then CHOSEN \n+00022c70: 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f0a 7468 6520 7469 is set to.the ti\n+00022c80: 746c 6573 206f 6620 6561 6368 206f 6620 tles of each of \n+00022c90: 7468 6520 7375 626d 656e 7573 2073 7461 the submenus sta\n+00022ca0: 7274 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2074 rting from the t\n+00022cb0: 6f70 206c 6576 656c 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 op level followe\n+00022cc0: 640a 6279 2074 6865 2074 6974 6c65 206f d.by the title o\n+00022cd0: 6620 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 f the menu entry\n+00022ce0: 2069 7473 656c 662c 2073 6570 6172 6174 itself, separat\n+00022cf0: 6564 2062 7920 e280 983e e280 992e 0a0a ed by ...>......\n+00022d00: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00022d10: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 6470 6174 o, Node: cmdpat\n+00022d20: 682c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f h, Next: color_\n+00022d30: 6869 6768 6c69 6768 742c 2020 5072 6576 highlight, Prev\n+00022d40: 3a20 6368 6f73 656e 2c20 2055 703a 2053 : chosen, Up: S\n+00022d50: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n+00022d60: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n+00022d70: 2e31 2e34 2063 6d64 7061 7468 0a2d 2d2d .1.4 cmdpath.---\n+00022d80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6865 -----------..The\n+00022d90: 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6672 6f6d 2077 location from w\n+00022da0: 6869 6368 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 hich ...core.img\n+00022db0: e280 9920 7761 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 ... was loaded a\n+00022dc0: 7320 616e 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 6469 s an absolute di\n+00022dd0: 7265 6374 6f72 790a 6e61 6d65 2028 2a6e rectory.name (*n\n+00022de0: 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 ote File name sy\n+00022df0: 6e74 6178 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 2069 ntax::). This i\n+00022e00: 7320 7365 7420 6279 2047 5255 4220 6174 s set by GRUB at\n+00022e10: 2073 7461 7274 7570 2062 6173 6564 0a6f startup based.o\n+00022e20: 6e20 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7265 n information re\n+00022e30: 7475 726e 6564 2062 7920 706c 6174 666f turned by platfo\n+00022e40: 726d 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e 2020 4e6f rm firmware. No\n+00022e50: 7420 6576 6572 7920 706c 6174 666f 726d t every platform\n+00022e60: 0a70 726f 7669 6465 7320 7468 6973 2069 .provides this i\n+00022e70: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 2073 nformation and s\n+00022e80: 6f6d 6520 6d61 7920 7265 7475 726e 206f ome may return o\n+00022e90: 6e6c 7920 6465 7669 6365 2077 6974 686f nly device witho\n+00022ea0: 7574 2070 6174 680a 6e61 6d65 2e0a 0a1f ut path.name....\n+00022eb0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00022ec0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f68 , Node: color_h\n+00022ed0: 6967 686c 6967 6874 2c20 204e 6578 743a ighlight, Next:\n+00022ee0: 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 color_normal, \n+00022ef0: 5072 6576 3a20 636d 6470 6174 682c 2020 Prev: cmdpath, \n+00022f00: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n+00022f10: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+00022f20: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3520 636f 6c6f 725f s..15.1.5 color_\n+00022f30: 6869 6768 6c69 6768 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d highlight.------\n 00022f40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00022f50: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 ----..This varia\n-00022f60: 626c 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 ble contains the\n-00022f70: 2022 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7422 2066 6f72 \"highlight\" for\n-00022f80: 6567 726f 756e 6420 616e 6420 6261 636b eground and back\n-00022f90: 6772 6f75 6e64 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 ground.terminal \n-00022fa0: 636f 6c6f 7273 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 colors, separate\n-00022fb0: 6420 6279 2061 2073 6c61 7368 2028 e280 d by a slash (..\n-00022fc0: 982f e280 9929 2e20 2053 6574 7469 6e67 ./...). Setting\n-00022fd0: 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 0a63 this variable.c\n-00022fe0: 6861 6e67 6573 2074 686f 7365 2063 6f6c hanges those col\n-00022ff0: 6f72 732e 2020 466f 7220 7468 6520 6176 ors. For the av\n-00023000: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 6e61 ailable color na\n-00023010: 6d65 732c 202a 6e6f 7465 0a63 6f6c 6f72 mes, *note.color\n-00023020: 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2054 _normal::... T\n-00023030: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 e280 he default is ..\n-00023040: 9862 6c61 636b 2f6c 6967 6874 2d67 7261 .black/light-gra\n-00023050: 79e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 y........File: g\n-00023060: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00023070: 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 color_normal, \n-00023080: 4e65 7874 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 5f64 6972 Next: config_dir\n-00023090: 6563 746f 7279 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 ectory, Prev: c\n-000230a0: 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 2c20 olor_highlight, \n-000230b0: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-000230c0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-000230d0: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e36 2063 6f6c 6f72 es..15.1.6 color\n-000230e0: 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _normal.--------\n-000230f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 -----------..Thi\n-00023100: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6f6e 7461 s variable conta\n-00023110: 696e 7320 7468 6520 226e 6f72 6d61 6c22 ins the \"normal\"\n-00023120: 2066 6f72 6567 726f 756e 6420 616e 6420 foreground and \n-00023130: 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2074 6572 6d69 background termi\n-00023140: 6e61 6c0a 636f 6c6f 7273 2c20 7365 7061 nal.colors, sepa\n-00023150: 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 2073 6c61 7368 rated by a slash\n-00023160: 2028 e280 982f e280 9929 2e20 2053 6574 (.../...). Set\n-00023170: 7469 6e67 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 ting this variab\n-00023180: 6c65 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2074 686f 7365 le changes those\n-00023190: 0a63 6f6c 6f72 732e 2020 4561 6368 2063 .colors. Each c\n-000231a0: 6f6c 6f72 206d 7573 7420 6265 2061 206e olor must be a n\n-000231b0: 616d 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2066 6f6c ame from the fol\n-000231c0: 6c6f 7769 6e67 206c 6973 743a 0a0a 2020 lowing list:.. \n-000231d0: 20e2 80a2 2062 6c61 636b 0a20 2020 e280 ... black. ..\n-000231e0: a220 626c 7565 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6772 . blue. ... gr\n-000231f0: 6565 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2063 7961 6e0a een. ... cyan.\n-00023200: 2020 20e2 80a2 2072 6564 0a20 2020 e280 ... red. ..\n-00023210: a220 6d61 6765 6e74 610a 2020 20e2 80a2 . magenta. ...\n-00023220: 2062 726f 776e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6c69 brown. ... li\n-00023230: 6768 742d 6772 6179 0a20 2020 e280 a220 ght-gray. ... \n-00023240: 6461 726b 2d67 7261 790a 2020 20e2 80a2 dark-gray. ...\n-00023250: 206c 6967 6874 2d62 6c75 650a 2020 20e2 light-blue. .\n-00023260: 80a2 206c 6967 6874 2d67 7265 656e 0a20 .. light-green. \n-00023270: 2020 e280 a220 6c69 6768 742d 6379 616e ... light-cyan\n-00023280: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6c69 6768 742d 7265 . ... light-re\n-00023290: 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 206c 6967 6874 2d6d d. ... light-m\n-000232a0: 6167 656e 7461 0a20 2020 e280 a220 7965 agenta. ... ye\n-000232b0: 6c6c 6f77 0a20 2020 e280 a220 7768 6974 llow. ... whit\n-000232c0: 650a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c e.. The defaul\n-000232d0: 7420 6973 20e2 8098 6c69 6768 742d 6772 t is ...light-gr\n-000232e0: 6179 2f62 6c61 636b e280 992e 0a0a 2020 ay/black...... \n-000232f0: 2054 6865 2063 6f6c 6f72 2073 7570 706f The color suppo\n-00023300: 7274 2073 7570 706f 7274 2076 6172 6965 rt support varie\n-00023310: 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 s from terminal \n-00023320: 746f 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 2020 to terminal... \n-00023330: 20e2 8098 6d6f 7273 65e2 8099 2068 6173 ...morse... has\n-00023340: 206e 6f20 636f 6c6f 7220 7375 7070 6f72 no color suppor\n-00023350: 7420 6174 2061 6c6c 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 t at all... ..\n-00023360: 986d 6461 5f74 6578 74e2 8099 2063 6f6c .mda_text... col\n-00023370: 6f72 2073 7570 706f 7274 2069 7320 6c69 or support is li\n-00023380: 6d69 7465 6420 746f 2068 6967 686c 6967 mited to highlig\n-00023390: 6874 696e 6720 6279 2062 6c61 636b 2f77 hting by black/w\n-000233a0: 6869 7465 0a72 6576 6572 7361 6c2e 0a0a hite.reversal...\n-000233b0: 2020 20e2 8098 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 ...console...\n-000233c0: 206f 6e20 4152 432c 2045 4d55 2061 6e64 on ARC, EMU and\n-000233d0: 2049 4545 4531 3237 352c 20e2 8098 7365 IEEE1275, ...se\n-000233e0: 7269 616c 5f2a e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 rial_*... and ..\n-000233f0: 9873 706b 6d6f 6465 6de2 8099 2061 7265 .spkmodem... are\n-00023400: 0a67 6f76 6572 6e65 6420 6279 2074 6572 .governed by ter\n-00023410: 6d69 6e66 6f20 616e 6420 7375 7070 6f72 minfo and suppor\n-00023420: 7420 6f6e 6c79 2038 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 t only 8 colors \n-00023430: 6966 2069 6e20 6d6f 6465 7320 e280 9876 if in modes ...v\n-00023440: 7431 3030 2d63 6f6c 6f72 e280 990a 2864 t100-color....(d\n-00023450: 6566 6175 6c74 2066 6f72 2063 6f6e 736f efault for conso\n-00023460: 6c65 206f 6e20 656d 7529 2c20 e280 9861 le on emu), ...a\n-00023470: 7263 e280 9920 2864 6566 6175 6c74 2066 rc... (default f\n-00023480: 6f72 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 206f 6e20 4152 or console on AR\n-00023490: 4329 2c0a e280 9869 6565 6531 3237 35e2 C),....ieee1275.\n-000234a0: 8099 2028 6465 6661 756c 7420 666f 7220 .. (default for \n-000234b0: 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6f6e 2049 4545 4531 console on IEEE1\n-000234c0: 3237 3529 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 696e 206d 275). When in m\n-000234d0: 6f64 6520 e280 9876 7431 3030 e280 9920 ode ...vt100... \n-000234e0: 7468 656e 0a74 6865 2063 6f6c 6f72 2073 then.the color s\n-000234f0: 7570 706f 7274 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 upport is limite\n-00023500: 6420 746f 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 696e d to highlightin\n-00023510: 6720 6279 2062 6c61 636b 2f77 6869 7465 g by black/white\n-00023520: 2072 6576 6572 7361 6c2e 0a57 6865 6e20 reversal..When \n-00023530: 696e 206d 6f64 6520 e280 9864 756d 62e2 in mode ...dumb.\n-00023540: 8099 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6e6f 2063 .. there is no c\n-00023550: 6f6c 6f72 2073 7570 706f 7274 2e0a 0a20 olor support... \n-00023560: 2020 5768 656e 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2073 When console s\n-00023570: 7570 706f 7274 7320 6e6f 2063 6f6c 6f72 upports no color\n-00023580: 7320 7468 6973 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2069 s this setting i\n-00023590: 7320 6967 6e6f 7265 642e 2020 5768 656e s ignored. When\n-000235a0: 0a63 6f6e 736f 6c65 2073 7570 706f 7274 .console support\n-000235b0: 7320 3820 636f 6c6f 7273 2c20 7468 656e s 8 colors, then\n-000235c0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 6672 6f6d the colors from\n-000235d0: 2074 6865 2073 6563 6f6e 6420 6861 6c66 the second half\n-000235e0: 206f 6620 7468 650a 7072 6576 696f 7573 of the.previous\n-000235f0: 206c 6973 7420 6172 6520 6d61 7070 6564 list are mapped\n-00023600: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 to the matching\n-00023610: 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 6f66 2066 6972 7374 colors of first\n-00023620: 2068 616c 662e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 636f half... ...co\n-00023630: 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 206f 6e20 4546 4920 nsole... on EFI \n-00023640: 616e 6420 4249 4f53 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 and BIOS and ...\n-00023650: 7667 615f 7465 7874 e280 9920 7375 7070 vga_text... supp\n-00023660: 6f72 7420 616c 6c20 3136 2063 6f6c 6f72 ort all 16 color\n-00023670: 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6766 7874 6572 s... ...gfxter\n-00023680: 6de2 8099 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 616c m... supports al\n-00023690: 6c20 3136 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 616e 6420 l 16 colors and \n-000236a0: 776f 756c 6420 6265 2074 6865 6f72 6574 would be theoret\n-000236b0: 6963 616c 6c79 0a65 7874 656e 6461 626c ically.extendabl\n-000236c0: 6520 746f 2073 7570 706f 7274 2077 686f e to support who\n-000236d0: 6c65 2072 6762 3234 2070 616c 6574 7465 le rgb24 palette\n-000236e0: 2062 7574 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2074 but currently t\n-000236f0: 6865 7265 2069 7320 6e6f 0a63 6f6d 7065 here is no.compe\n-00023700: 6c6c 696e 6720 7265 6173 6f6e 2074 6f20 lling reason to \n-00023710: 676f 2062 6579 6f6e 6420 7468 6520 6375 go beyond the cu\n-00023720: 7272 656e 7420 3136 2063 6f6c 6f72 732e rrent 16 colors.\n-00023730: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00023740: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f 6e66 nfo, Node: conf\n-00023750: 6967 5f64 6972 6563 746f 7279 2c20 204e ig_directory, N\n-00023760: 6578 743a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6669 6c65 ext: config_file\n-00023770: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e , Prev: color_n\n-00023780: 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 ormal, Up: Spec\n-00023790: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n-000237a0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n-000237b0: 3720 636f 6e66 6967 5f64 6972 6563 746f 7 config_directo\n-000237c0: 7279 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ry.-------------\n-000237d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 ----------..This\n-000237e0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2061 7574 variable is aut\n-000237f0: 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2073 6574 2062 omatically set b\n-00023800: 7920 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6469 y GRUB to the di\n-00023810: 7265 6374 6f72 7920 7061 7274 206f 660a rectory part of.\n-00023820: 6375 7272 656e 7420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 current configur\n-00023830: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 ation file name \n-00023840: 282a 6e6f 7465 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6669 (*note config_fi\n-00023850: 6c65 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 le::).....File: \n-00023860: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00023870: 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 5f66 696c 652c 2020 : config_file, \n-00023880: 4e65 7874 3a20 6465 6275 672c 2020 5072 Next: debug, Pr\n-00023890: 6576 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 5f64 6972 6563 ev: config_direc\n-000238a0: 746f 7279 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 tory, Up: Speci\n-000238b0: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n-000238c0: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e38 ariables..15.1.8\n-000238d0: 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6669 6c65 0a2d 2d2d config_file.---\n-000238e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-000238f0: 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 .This variable i\n-00023900: 7320 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 s automatically \n-00023910: 7365 7420 6279 2047 5255 4220 746f 2074 set by GRUB to t\n-00023920: 6865 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2063 6f6e 6669 he name of confi\n-00023930: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a66 696c 6520 7468 guration.file th\n-00023940: 6174 2069 7320 6265 696e 6720 7072 6f63 at is being proc\n-00023950: 6573 7365 6420 6279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 essed by command\n-00023960: 7320 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 s ...configfile.\n-00023970: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 636f 6e66 6967 .. (*note.config\n-00023980: 6669 6c65 3a3a 2920 6f72 20e2 8098 6e6f file::) or ...no\n-00023990: 726d 616c e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 206e rmal... (*note n\n-000239a0: 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a29 2e20 2049 7420 6973 ormal::). It is\n-000239b0: 2072 6573 746f 7265 6420 746f 2074 6865 restored to the\n-000239c0: 0a70 7265 7669 6f75 7320 7661 6c75 6520 .previous value \n-000239d0: 7768 656e 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 6f6d when command com\n-000239e0: 706c 6574 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a pletes.....File:\n-000239f0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00023a00: 653a 2064 6562 7567 2c20 204e 6578 743a e: debug, Next:\n-00023a10: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 2050 7265 763a default, Prev:\n-00023a20: 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6669 6c65 2c20 2055 config_file, U\n-00023a30: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n-00023a40: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-00023a50: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e39 2064 6562 7567 0a2d ..15.1.9 debug.-\n-00023a60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 -----------..Thi\n-00023a70: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206d 6179 2062 s variable may b\n-00023a80: 6520 7365 7420 746f 2065 6e61 626c 6520 e set to enable \n-00023a90: 6465 6275 6767 696e 6720 6f75 7470 7574 debugging output\n-00023aa0: 2066 726f 6d20 7661 7269 6f75 730a 636f from various.co\n-00023ab0: 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 206f 6620 4752 5542 mponents of GRUB\n-00023ac0: 2e20 5468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6973 2061 . The value is a\n-00023ad0: 6e20 6f72 6465 7265 6420 6c69 7374 206f n ordered list o\n-00023ae0: 6620 6465 6275 6720 6661 6369 6c69 7479 f debug facility\n-00023af0: 206e 616d 6573 0a73 6570 6172 6174 6564 names.separated\n-00023b00: 2062 7920 7768 6974 6573 7061 6365 206f by whitespace o\n-00023b10: 7220 e280 982c e280 992e 2020 4966 2074 r ...,.... If t\n-00023b20: 6865 2073 7065 6369 616c 2066 6163 696c he special facil\n-00023b30: 6974 7920 6e61 6d65 6420 e280 9861 6c6c ity named ...all\n-00023b40: e280 9920 6973 0a70 7265 7365 6e74 2074 ... is.present t\n-00023b50: 6865 6e20 6465 6275 6767 696e 6720 6f75 hen debugging ou\n-00023b60: 7470 7574 206f 6620 616c 6c20 6661 6369 tput of all faci\n-00023b70: 6c69 7479 206e 616d 6573 2069 7320 656e lity names is en\n-00023b80: 6162 6c65 6420 6174 2074 6865 0a73 7461 abled at the.sta\n-00023b90: 7274 206f 6620 7072 6f63 6573 7369 6e67 rt of processing\n-00023ba0: 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 the value of th\n-00023bb0: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 652e 2020 4120 is variable. A \n-00023bc0: 6661 6369 6c69 7479 2773 2064 6562 7567 facility's debug\n-00023bd0: 0a6f 7574 7075 7420 6361 6e20 7468 656e .output can then\n-00023be0: 2062 6520 6469 7361 626c 6564 2062 7920 be disabled by \n-00023bf0: 7072 6566 6978 696e 6720 6974 7320 6e61 prefixing its na\n-00023c00: 6d65 2077 6974 6820 6120 e280 982d e280 me with a ...-..\n-00023c10: 992e 2020 5468 6520 6c61 7374 0a6f 6363 .. The last.occ\n-00023c20: 7572 656e 6365 2066 6163 696c 6974 7920 urence facility \n-00023c30: 6e61 6d65 2077 6974 6820 6f72 2077 6974 name with or wit\n-00023c40: 686f 7574 2061 206c 6561 6469 6e67 20e2 hout a leading .\n-00023c50: 8098 2de2 8099 2074 616b 6573 2070 7265 ..-... takes pre\n-00023c60: 6365 6e64 656e 740a 6f76 6572 2061 6e79 cendent.over any\n-00023c70: 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 6f63 6375 7265 previous occure\n-00023c80: 6e63 652e 2020 5468 6973 2061 6c6c 6f77 nce. This allow\n-00023c90: 7320 7468 6520 6561 7379 2065 6e61 626c s the easy enabl\n-00023ca0: 696e 6720 6f72 2064 6973 6162 6c69 6e67 ing or disabling\n-00023cb0: 0a6f 6620 6661 6369 6c69 7469 6573 2062 .of facilities b\n-00023cc0: 7920 6170 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6120 e280 y appending a ..\n-00023cd0: 982c e280 9920 616e 6420 7468 656e 2074 .,... and then t\n-00023ce0: 6865 2066 6163 696c 6974 7920 6e61 6d65 he facility name\n-00023cf0: 2077 6974 6820 6f72 0a77 6974 686f 7574 with or.without\n-00023d00: 2074 6865 206c 6561 6469 6e67 20e2 8098 the leading ...\n-00023d10: 2de2 8099 2c20 7768 6963 6820 7769 6c6c -..., which will\n-00023d20: 2070 7265 7365 7276 6520 7468 6520 7374 preserve the st\n-00023d30: 6174 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2072 6573 7420 ate of the rest \n-00023d40: 6f66 0a74 6865 2066 6163 696c 6974 6965 of.the facilitie\n-00023d50: 732e 2020 5468 6520 6661 6369 6c69 7479 s. The facility\n-00023d60: 206e 616d 6573 2061 7265 2074 6865 2066 names are the f\n-00023d70: 6972 7374 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 746f irst argument to\n-00023d80: 0a67 7275 625f 6470 7269 6e74 662e 2020 .grub_dprintf. \n-00023d90: 436f 6e73 756c 7420 7468 6520 736f 7572 Consult the sour\n-00023da0: 6365 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6465 7461 ce for more deta\n-00023db0: 696c 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ils.....File: gr\n-00023dc0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00023dd0: 6465 6661 756c 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 default, Next: \n-00023de0: 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2c20 2050 7265 763a fallback, Prev:\n-00023df0: 2064 6562 7567 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 debug, Up: Spe\n-00023e00: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n-00023e10: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n-00023e20: 2e31 3020 6465 6661 756c 740a 2d2d 2d2d .10 default.----\n-00023e30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 -----------..If \n-00023e40: 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 this variable is\n-00023e50: 2073 6574 2c20 6974 2069 6465 6e74 6966 set, it identif\n-00023e60: 6965 7320 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 ies a menu entry\n-00023e70: 2074 6861 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 650a that should be.\n-00023e80: 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2062 7920 6465 6661 selected by defa\n-00023e90: 756c 742c 2070 6f73 7369 626c 7920 6166 ult, possibly af\n-00023ea0: 7465 7220 6120 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 282a ter a timeout (*\n-00023eb0: 6e6f 7465 2074 696d 656f 7574 3a3a 292e note timeout::).\n-00023ec0: 2020 5468 650a 656e 7472 7920 6d61 7920 The.entry may \n-00023ed0: 6265 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 6420 6279 be identified by\n-00023ee0: 206e 756d 6265 7220 2873 7461 7274 696e number (startin\n-00023ef0: 6720 6672 6f6d 2030 2061 7420 6561 6368 g from 0 at each\n-00023f00: 206c 6576 656c 206f 6620 7468 650a 6869 level of the.hi\n-00023f10: 6572 6172 6368 7929 2c20 6279 2074 6974 erarchy), by tit\n-00023f20: 6c65 2c20 6f72 2062 7920 6964 2e0a 0a20 le, or by id... \n-00023f30: 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2069 For example, i\n-00023f40: 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 3a0a 0a6d 656e f you have:..men\n-00023f50: 7565 6e74 7279 2027 4578 616d 706c 6520 uentry 'Example \n-00023f60: 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 6469 7374 7269 GNU/Linux distri\n-00023f70: 6275 7469 6f6e 2720 2d2d 636c 6173 7320 bution' --class \n-00023f80: 676e 752d 6c69 6e75 7820 2d2d 6964 2065 gnu-linux --id e\n-00023f90: 7861 6d70 6c65 2d67 6e75 2d6c 696e 7578 xample-gnu-linux\n-00023fa0: 207b 0a09 2e2e 2e0a 7d0a 0a20 2020 7468 {......}.. th\n-00023fb0: 656e 2079 6f75 2063 616e 206d 616b 6520 en you can make \n-00023fc0: 7468 6973 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 this the default\n-00023fd0: 2075 7369 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6465 using:.. de\n-00023fe0: 6661 756c 743d 6578 616d 706c 652d 676e fault=example-gn\n-00023ff0: 752d 6c69 6e75 780a 0a20 2020 4966 2074 u-linux.. If t\n-00024000: 6865 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7320 696e 2061 he entry is in a\n-00024010: 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2c20 7468 656e 2069 submenu, then i\n-00024020: 7420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6964 656e 7469 t must be identi\n-00024030: 6669 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 0a6e fied using the.n\n-00024040: 756d 6265 722c 2074 6974 6c65 2c20 6f72 umber, title, or\n-00024050: 2069 6420 6f66 2065 6163 6820 6f66 2074 id of each of t\n-00024060: 6865 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 7320 7374 6172 he submenus star\n-00024070: 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 746f ting from the to\n-00024080: 700a 6c65 7665 6c2c 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 p.level, followe\n-00024090: 6420 6279 2074 6865 206e 756d 6265 722c d by the number,\n-000240a0: 2074 6974 6c65 2c20 6f72 2069 6420 6f66 title, or id of\n-000240b0: 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 the menu entry \n-000240c0: 6974 7365 6c66 2c0a 7769 7468 2065 6163 itself,.with eac\n-000240d0: 6820 656c 656d 656e 7420 7365 7061 7261 h element separa\n-000240e0: 7465 6420 6279 20e2 8098 3ee2 8099 2e20 ted by ...>.... \n-000240f0: 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 7461 For example, ta\n-00024100: 6b65 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 ke the following\n-00024110: 0a6d 656e 7520 7374 7275 6374 7572 653a .menu structure:\n-00024120: 0a0a 2020 2020 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 6420 .. GNU/Hurd \n-00024130: 2d2d 6964 2067 6e75 2d68 7572 640a 2020 --id gnu-hurd. \n-00024140: 2020 2020 2053 7461 6e64 6172 6420 426f Standard Bo\n-00024150: 6f74 202d 2d69 643d 676e 752d 6875 7264 ot --id=gnu-hurd\n-00024160: 2d73 7464 0a20 2020 2020 2020 5265 7363 -std. Resc\n-00024170: 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 202d 2d69 643d 676e ue shell --id=gn\n-00024180: 752d 6875 7264 2d72 6573 6375 650a 2020 u-hurd-rescue. \n-00024190: 2020 204f 7468 6572 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 Other platfor\n-000241a0: 6d73 202d 2d69 643d 6f74 6865 720a 2020 ms --id=other. \n-000241b0: 2020 2020 204d 696e 6978 202d 2d69 643d Minix --id=\n-000241c0: 6d69 6e69 780a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2056 minix. V\n-000241d0: 6572 7369 6f6e 2033 2e34 2e30 202d 2d69 ersion 3.4.0 --i\n-000241e0: 643d 6d69 6e69 782d 332e 342e 300a 2020 d=minix-3.4.0. \n-000241f0: 2020 2020 2020 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2033 Version 3\n-00024200: 2e33 2e30 202d 2d69 643d 6d69 6e69 782d .3.0 --id=minix-\n-00024210: 332e 332e 300a 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 3.3.0. GRU\n-00024220: 4220 496e 7661 6465 7273 202d 2d69 643d B Invaders --id=\n-00024230: 6772 7562 2d69 6e76 6164 6572 730a 0a20 grub-invaders.. \n-00024240: 2020 5468 6520 6d6f 7265 2072 6563 656e The more recen\n-00024250: 7420 7265 6c65 6173 6520 6f66 204d 696e t release of Min\n-00024260: 6978 2077 6f75 6c64 2074 6865 6e20 6265 ix would then be\n-00024270: 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 6420 6173 20e2 identified as .\n-00024280: 8098 4f74 6865 720a 706c 6174 666f 726d ..Other.platform\n-00024290: 733e 4d69 6e69 783e 5665 7273 696f 6e20 s>Minix>Version \n-000242a0: 332e 342e 30e2 8099 2c20 6f72 2061 7320 3.4.0..., or as \n-000242b0: e280 9831 3e30 3e30 e280 992c 206f 7220 ...1>0>0..., or \n-000242c0: 6173 0ae2 8098 6f74 6865 723e 6d69 6e69 as....other>mini\n-000242d0: 783e 6d69 6e69 782d 332e 342e 30e2 8099 x>minix-3.4.0...\n-000242e0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 ... This varia\n-000242f0: 626c 6520 6973 206f 6674 656e 2073 6574 ble is often set\n-00024300: 2062 7920 e280 9847 5255 425f 4445 4641 by ...GRUB_DEFA\n-00024310: 554c 54e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 ULT... (*note Si\n-00024320: 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 mple.configurati\n-00024330: 6f6e 3a3a 292c 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d73 on::), ...grub-s\n-00024340: 6574 2d64 6566 6175 6c74 e280 992c 206f et-default..., o\n-00024350: 7220 e280 9867 7275 622d 7265 626f 6f74 r ...grub-reboot\n-00024360: e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ........File: gr\n-00024370: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00024380: 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2c20 204e 6578 743a fallback, Next:\n-00024390: 2067 6678 6d6f 6465 2c20 2050 7265 763a gfxmode, Prev:\n-000243a0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 2055 703a 2053 default, Up: S\n-000243b0: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n-000243c0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n-000243d0: 2e31 2e31 3120 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 0a2d .1.11 fallback.-\n-000243e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-000243f0: 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c .If this variabl\n-00024400: 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 2069 6465 e is set, it ide\n-00024410: 6e74 6966 6965 7320 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 ntifies a menu e\n-00024420: 6e74 7279 2074 6861 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 ntry that should\n-00024430: 2062 650a 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2069 6620 be.selected if \n-00024440: 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 the default menu\n-00024450: 2065 6e74 7279 2066 6169 6c73 2074 6f20 entry fails to \n-00024460: 626f 6f74 2e20 2045 6e74 7269 6573 2061 boot. Entries a\n-00024470: 7265 0a69 6465 6e74 6966 6965 6420 696e re.identified in\n-00024480: 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 7761 7920 6173 the same way as\n-00024490: 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 6465 6661 756c 74e2 for ...default.\n-000244a0: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6465 6661 756c .. (*note defaul\n-000244b0: 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 t::).....File: g\n-000244c0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-000244d0: 2067 6678 6d6f 6465 2c20 204e 6578 743a gfxmode, Next:\n-000244e0: 2067 6678 7061 796c 6f61 642c 2020 5072 gfxpayload, Pr\n-000244f0: 6576 3a20 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2c20 2055 ev: fallback, U\n-00024500: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n-00024510: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-00024520: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3220 6766 786d 6f64 ..15.1.12 gfxmod\n-00024530: 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d e.--------------\n-00024540: 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 -..If this varia\n-00024550: 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 2073 ble is set, it s\n-00024560: 6574 7320 7468 6520 7265 736f 6c75 7469 ets the resoluti\n-00024570: 6f6e 2075 7365 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 20e2 on used on the .\n-00024580: 8098 6766 7874 6572 6de2 8099 0a67 7261 ..gfxterm....gra\n-00024590: 7068 6963 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e phical terminal.\n-000245a0: 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 Note that you \n-000245b0: 6361 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2075 7365 206d 6f64 can only use mod\n-000245c0: 6573 2077 6869 6368 2079 6f75 720a 6772 es which your.gr\n-000245d0: 6170 6869 6373 2063 6172 6420 7375 7070 aphics card supp\n-000245e0: 6f72 7473 2076 6961 2056 4553 4120 4249 orts via VESA BI\n-000245f0: 4f53 2045 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 2856 OS Extensions (V\n-00024600: 4245 292c 2073 6f20 666f 7220 6578 616d BE), so for exam\n-00024610: 706c 650a 6e61 7469 7665 204c 4344 2070 ple.native LCD p\n-00024620: 616e 656c 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e73 anel resolutions\n-00024630: 206d 6179 206e 6f74 2062 6520 6176 6169 may not be avai\n-00024640: 6c61 626c 652e 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 lable. The defa\n-00024650: 756c 7420 6973 0ae2 8098 6175 746f e280 ult is....auto..\n-00024660: 992c 2077 6869 6368 2073 656c 6563 7473 ., which selects\n-00024670: 2061 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 a platform-spec\n-00024680: 6966 6963 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2074 6861 ific default tha\n-00024690: 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 206c 6f6f 6b0a 7265 t should look.re\n-000246a0: 6173 6f6e 6162 6c65 2e20 2053 7570 706f asonable. Suppo\n-000246b0: 7274 6564 206d 6f64 6573 2063 616e 2062 rted modes can b\n-000246c0: 6520 6c69 7374 6564 2062 7920 e280 9876 e listed by ...v\n-000246d0: 6964 656f 696e 666f e280 9920 636f 6d6d ideoinfo... comm\n-000246e0: 616e 6420 696e 0a47 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 and in.GRUB... \n-000246f0: 2054 6865 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e20 The resolution \n-00024700: 6d61 7920 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 may be specified\n-00024710: 2061 7320 6120 7365 7175 656e 6365 206f as a sequence o\n-00024720: 6620 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6d6f f one or more mo\n-00024730: 6465 732c 0a73 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 des,.separated b\n-00024740: 7920 636f 6d6d 6173 2028 e280 982c e280 y commas (...,..\n-00024750: 9929 206f 7220 7365 6d69 636f 6c6f 6e73 .) or semicolons\n-00024760: 2028 e280 983b e280 9929 3b20 6561 6368 (...;...); each\n-00024770: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2074 7269 6564 2069 will be tried i\n-00024780: 6e0a 7475 726e 2075 6e74 696c 206f 6e65 n.turn until one\n-00024790: 2069 7320 666f 756e 642e 2020 4561 6368 is found. Each\n-000247a0: 206d 6f64 6520 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 mode should be \n-000247b0: 6569 7468 6572 20e2 8098 6175 746f e280 either ...auto..\n-000247c0: 992c 0ae2 8098 5749 4454 4878 4845 4947 .,....WIDTHxHEIG\n-000247d0: 4854 e280 992c 206f 7220 e280 9857 4944 HT..., or ...WID\n-000247e0: 5448 7848 4549 4748 5478 4445 5054 48e2 THxHEIGHTxDEPTH.\n-000247f0: 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 .......File: gru\n-00024800: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 b.info, Node: g\n-00024810: 6678 7061 796c 6f61 642c 2020 4e65 7874 fxpayload, Next\n-00024820: 3a20 6766 7874 6572 6d5f 666f 6e74 2c20 : gfxterm_font, \n-00024830: 2050 7265 763a 2067 6678 6d6f 6465 2c20 Prev: gfxmode, \n-00024840: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-00024850: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00024860: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3320 6766 7870 es..15.1.13 gfxp\n-00024870: 6179 6c6f 6164 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ayload.---------\n-00024880: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 ---------..If th\n-00024890: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 is variable is s\n-000248a0: 6574 2c20 6974 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 7320 et, it controls \n-000248b0: 7468 6520 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 2069 the video mode i\n-000248c0: 6e20 7768 6963 6820 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 n which the Linu\n-000248d0: 780a 6b65 726e 656c 2073 7461 7274 7320 x.kernel starts \n-000248e0: 7570 2c20 7265 706c 6163 696e 6720 7468 up, replacing th\n-000248f0: 6520 e280 9876 6761 3de2 8099 2062 6f6f e ...vga=... boo\n-00024900: 7420 6f70 7469 6f6e 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 t option (*note \n-00024910: 6c69 6e75 783a 3a29 2e20 2049 740a 6d61 linux::). It.ma\n-00024920: 7920 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9874 y be set to ...t\n-00024930: 6578 74e2 8099 2074 6f20 666f 7263 6520 ext... to force \n-00024940: 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c the Linux kernel\n-00024950: 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2069 6e20 6e6f 726d to boot in norm\n-00024960: 616c 2074 6578 740a 6d6f 6465 2c20 e280 al text.mode, ..\n-00024970: 986b 6565 70e2 8099 2074 6f20 7072 6573 .keep... to pres\n-00024980: 6572 7665 2074 6865 2067 7261 7068 6963 erve the graphic\n-00024990: 7320 6d6f 6465 2073 6574 2075 7369 6e67 s mode set using\n-000249a0: 20e2 8098 6766 786d 6f64 65e2 8099 2c20 ...gfxmode..., \n-000249b0: 6f72 2061 6e79 0a6f 6620 7468 6520 7065 or any.of the pe\n-000249c0: 726d 6974 7465 6420 7661 6c75 6573 2066 rmitted values f\n-000249d0: 6f72 20e2 8098 6766 786d 6f64 65e2 8099 or ...gfxmode...\n-000249e0: 2074 6f20 7365 7420 6120 7061 7274 6963 to set a partic\n-000249f0: 756c 6172 2067 7261 7068 6963 7320 6d6f ular graphics mo\n-00024a00: 6465 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 6766 786d 6f64 de.(*note gfxmod\n-00024a10: 653a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 4465 7065 6e64 e::)... Depend\n-00024a20: 696e 6720 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6b65 726e ing on your kern\n-00024a30: 656c 2c20 796f 7572 2064 6973 7472 6962 el, your distrib\n-00024a40: 7574 696f 6e2c 2079 6f75 7220 6772 6170 ution, your grap\n-00024a50: 6869 6373 2063 6172 642c 2061 6e64 0a74 hics card, and.t\n-00024a60: 6865 2070 6861 7365 206f 6620 7468 6520 he phase of the \n-00024a70: 6d6f 6f6e 2c20 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 moon, note that \n-00024a80: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f using this optio\n-00024a90: 6e20 6d61 7920 6361 7573 6520 474e 552f n may cause GNU/\n-00024aa0: 4c69 6e75 780a 746f 2073 7566 6665 7220 Linux.to suffer \n-00024ab0: 6672 6f6d 2076 6172 696f 7573 2064 6973 from various dis\n-00024ac0: 706c 6179 2070 726f 626c 656d 732c 2070 play problems, p\n-00024ad0: 6172 7469 6375 6c61 726c 7920 6475 7269 articularly duri\n-00024ae0: 6e67 2074 6865 2065 6172 6c79 0a70 6172 ng the early.par\n-00024af0: 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 t of the boot se\n-00024b00: 7175 656e 6365 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 quence. If you \n-00024b10: 6861 7665 2070 726f 626c 656d 732c 2073 have problems, s\n-00024b20: 6574 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 et this variable\n-00024b30: 2074 6f0a e280 9874 6578 74e2 8099 2061 to....text... a\n-00024b40: 6e64 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2074 656c nd GRUB will tel\n-00024b50: 6c20 4c69 6e75 7820 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 l Linux to boot \n-00024b60: 696e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 7465 7874 206d in normal text m\n-00024b70: 6f64 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 ode... The def\n-00024b80: 6175 6c74 2069 7320 706c 6174 666f 726d ault is platform\n-00024b90: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 632e 2020 4f6e 2070 -specific. On p\n-00024ba0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2077 6974 6820 6120 latforms with a \n-00024bb0: 6e61 7469 7665 2074 6578 740a 6d6f 6465 native text.mode\n-00024bc0: 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 5043 2042 494f (such as PC BIO\n-00024bd0: 5320 706c 6174 666f 726d 7329 2c20 7468 S platforms), th\n-00024be0: 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 20e2 8098 e default is ...\n-00024bf0: 7465 7874 e280 992e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 text.... Otherw\n-00024c00: 6973 6520 7468 650a 6465 6661 756c 7420 ise the.default \n-00024c10: 6d61 7920 6265 20e2 8098 6175 746f e280 may be ...auto..\n-00024c20: 9920 6f72 2061 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 . or a specific \n-00024c30: 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 2e0a 0a20 2020 video mode... \n-00024c40: 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 This variable is\n-00024c50: 206f 6674 656e 2073 6574 2062 7920 e280 often set by ..\n-00024c60: 9847 5255 425f 4746 5850 4159 4c4f 4144 .GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD\n-00024c70: 5f4c 494e 5558 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 _LINUX... (*note\n-00024c80: 2053 696d 706c 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 Simple.configur\n-00024c90: 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ation::).....Fil\n-00024ca0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00024cb0: 6f64 653a 2067 6678 7465 726d 5f66 6f6e ode: gfxterm_fon\n-00024cc0: 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6772 7562 5f63 t, Next: grub_c\n-00024cd0: 7075 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2067 6678 7061 pu, Prev: gfxpa\n-00024ce0: 796c 6f61 642c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 yload, Up: Spec\n-00024cf0: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n-00024d00: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n-00024d10: 3134 2067 6678 7465 726d 5f66 6f6e 740a 14 gfxterm_font.\n+00022f50: 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 ..This variable \n+00022f60: 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 2022 6869 contains the \"hi\n+00022f70: 6768 6c69 6768 7422 2066 6f72 6567 726f ghlight\" foregro\n+00022f80: 756e 6420 616e 6420 6261 636b 6772 6f75 und and backgrou\n+00022f90: 6e64 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 636f 6c6f nd.terminal colo\n+00022fa0: 7273 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 rs, separated by\n+00022fb0: 2061 2073 6c61 7368 2028 e280 982f e280 a slash (.../..\n+00022fc0: 9929 2e20 2053 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6869 .). Setting thi\n+00022fd0: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 0a63 6861 6e67 s variable.chang\n+00022fe0: 6573 2074 686f 7365 2063 6f6c 6f72 732e es those colors.\n+00022ff0: 2020 466f 7220 7468 6520 6176 6169 6c61 For the availa\n+00023000: 626c 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 6e61 6d65 732c ble color names,\n+00023010: 202a 6e6f 7465 0a63 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 *note.color_nor\n+00023020: 6d61 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2064 mal::... The d\n+00023030: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 e280 9862 6c61 efault is ...bla\n+00023040: 636b 2f6c 6967 6874 2d67 7261 79e2 8099 ck/light-gray...\n+00023050: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00023060: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6f6c info, Node: col\n+00023070: 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 or_normal, Next\n+00023080: 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 5f64 6972 6563 746f : config_directo\n+00023090: 7279 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 6f6c 6f72 ry, Prev: color\n+000230a0: 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 2c20 2055 703a _highlight, Up:\n+000230b0: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n+000230c0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n+000230d0: 3135 2e31 2e36 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 15.1.6 color_nor\n+000230e0: 6d61 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d mal.------------\n+000230f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 -------..This va\n+00023100: 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 riable contains \n+00023110: 7468 6520 226e 6f72 6d61 6c22 2066 6f72 the \"normal\" for\n+00023120: 6567 726f 756e 6420 616e 6420 6261 636b eground and back\n+00023130: 6772 6f75 6e64 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a ground terminal.\n+00023140: 636f 6c6f 7273 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 colors, separate\n+00023150: 6420 6279 2061 2073 6c61 7368 2028 e280 d by a slash (..\n+00023160: 982f e280 9929 2e20 2053 6574 7469 6e67 ./...). Setting\n+00023170: 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 this variable c\n+00023180: 6861 6e67 6573 2074 686f 7365 0a63 6f6c hanges those.col\n+00023190: 6f72 732e 2020 4561 6368 2063 6f6c 6f72 ors. Each color\n+000231a0: 206d 7573 7420 6265 2061 206e 616d 6520 must be a name \n+000231b0: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 from the followi\n+000231c0: 6e67 206c 6973 743a 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 ng list:.. ...\n+000231d0: 2062 6c61 636b 0a20 2020 e280 a220 626c black. ... bl\n+000231e0: 7565 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6772 6565 6e0a ue. ... green.\n+000231f0: 2020 20e2 80a2 2063 7961 6e0a 2020 20e2 ... cyan. .\n+00023200: 80a2 2072 6564 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6d61 .. red. ... ma\n+00023210: 6765 6e74 610a 2020 20e2 80a2 2062 726f genta. ... bro\n+00023220: 776e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6c69 6768 742d wn. ... light-\n+00023230: 6772 6179 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6461 726b gray. ... dark\n+00023240: 2d67 7261 790a 2020 20e2 80a2 206c 6967 -gray. ... lig\n+00023250: 6874 2d62 6c75 650a 2020 20e2 80a2 206c ht-blue. ... l\n+00023260: 6967 6874 2d67 7265 656e 0a20 2020 e280 ight-green. ..\n+00023270: a220 6c69 6768 742d 6379 616e 0a20 2020 . light-cyan. \n+00023280: e280 a220 6c69 6768 742d 7265 640a 2020 ... light-red. \n+00023290: 20e2 80a2 206c 6967 6874 2d6d 6167 656e ... light-magen\n+000232a0: 7461 0a20 2020 e280 a220 7965 6c6c 6f77 ta. ... yellow\n+000232b0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 7768 6974 650a 0a20 . ... white.. \n+000232c0: 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 The default is\n+000232d0: 20e2 8098 6c69 6768 742d 6772 6179 2f62 ...light-gray/b\n+000232e0: 6c61 636b e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 lack...... The\n+000232f0: 2063 6f6c 6f72 2073 7570 706f 7274 2073 color support s\n+00023300: 7570 706f 7274 2076 6172 6965 7320 6672 upport varies fr\n+00023310: 6f6d 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 746f 2074 om terminal to t\n+00023320: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 erminal... ...\n+00023330: 6d6f 7273 65e2 8099 2068 6173 206e 6f20 morse... has no \n+00023340: 636f 6c6f 7220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6174 color support at\n+00023350: 2061 6c6c 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 986d 6461 all... ...mda\n+00023360: 5f74 6578 74e2 8099 2063 6f6c 6f72 2073 _text... color s\n+00023370: 7570 706f 7274 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 upport is limite\n+00023380: 6420 746f 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 696e d to highlightin\n+00023390: 6720 6279 2062 6c61 636b 2f77 6869 7465 g by black/white\n+000233a0: 0a72 6576 6572 7361 6c2e 0a0a 2020 20e2 .reversal... .\n+000233b0: 8098 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 206f 6e20 ..console... on \n+000233c0: 4152 432c 2045 4d55 2061 6e64 2049 4545 ARC, EMU and IEE\n+000233d0: 4531 3237 352c 20e2 8098 7365 7269 616c E1275, ...serial\n+000233e0: 5f2a e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9873 706b _*... and ...spk\n+000233f0: 6d6f 6465 6de2 8099 2061 7265 0a67 6f76 modem... are.gov\n+00023400: 6572 6e65 6420 6279 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 erned by terminf\n+00023410: 6f20 616e 6420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6f6e o and support on\n+00023420: 6c79 2038 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 6966 2069 ly 8 colors if i\n+00023430: 6e20 6d6f 6465 7320 e280 9876 7431 3030 n modes ...vt100\n+00023440: 2d63 6f6c 6f72 e280 990a 2864 6566 6175 -color....(defau\n+00023450: 6c74 2066 6f72 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 206f lt for console o\n+00023460: 6e20 656d 7529 2c20 e280 9861 7263 e280 n emu), ...arc..\n+00023470: 9920 2864 6566 6175 6c74 2066 6f72 2063 . (default for c\n+00023480: 6f6e 736f 6c65 206f 6e20 4152 4329 2c0a onsole on ARC),.\n+00023490: e280 9869 6565 6531 3237 35e2 8099 2028 ...ieee1275... (\n+000234a0: 6465 6661 756c 7420 666f 7220 636f 6e73 default for cons\n+000234b0: 6f6c 6520 6f6e 2049 4545 4531 3237 3529 ole on IEEE1275)\n+000234c0: 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 696e 206d 6f64 6520 . When in mode \n+000234d0: e280 9876 7431 3030 e280 9920 7468 656e ...vt100... then\n+000234e0: 0a74 6865 2063 6f6c 6f72 2073 7570 706f .the color suppo\n+000234f0: 7274 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f rt is limited to\n+00023500: 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 696e 6720 6279 highlighting by\n+00023510: 2062 6c61 636b 2f77 6869 7465 2072 6576 black/white rev\n+00023520: 6572 7361 6c2e 0a57 6865 6e20 696e 206d ersal..When in m\n+00023530: 6f64 6520 e280 9864 756d 62e2 8099 2074 ode ...dumb... t\n+00023540: 6865 7265 2069 7320 6e6f 2063 6f6c 6f72 here is no color\n+00023550: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 support... Wh\n+00023560: 656e 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2073 7570 706f en console suppo\n+00023570: 7274 7320 6e6f 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 7468 rts no colors th\n+00023580: 6973 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2069 7320 6967 is setting is ig\n+00023590: 6e6f 7265 642e 2020 5768 656e 0a63 6f6e nored. When.con\n+000235a0: 736f 6c65 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 3820 sole supports 8 \n+000235b0: 636f 6c6f 7273 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 colors, then the\n+000235c0: 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 colors from the\n+000235d0: 2073 6563 6f6e 6420 6861 6c66 206f 6620 second half of \n+000235e0: 7468 650a 7072 6576 696f 7573 206c 6973 the.previous lis\n+000235f0: 7420 6172 6520 6d61 7070 6564 2074 6f20 t are mapped to \n+00023600: 7468 6520 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 2063 6f6c the matching col\n+00023610: 6f72 7320 6f66 2066 6972 7374 2068 616c ors of first hal\n+00023620: 662e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 636f 6e73 6f6c f... ...consol\n+00023630: 65e2 8099 206f 6e20 4546 4920 616e 6420 e... on EFI and \n+00023640: 4249 4f53 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 7667 615f BIOS and ...vga_\n+00023650: 7465 7874 e280 9920 7375 7070 6f72 7420 text... support \n+00023660: 616c 6c20 3136 2063 6f6c 6f72 732e 0a0a all 16 colors...\n+00023670: 2020 20e2 8098 6766 7874 6572 6de2 8099 ...gfxterm...\n+00023680: 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 616c 6c20 3136 supports all 16\n+00023690: 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 616e 6420 776f 756c colors and woul\n+000236a0: 6420 6265 2074 6865 6f72 6574 6963 616c d be theoretical\n+000236b0: 6c79 0a65 7874 656e 6461 626c 6520 746f ly.extendable to\n+000236c0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2077 686f 6c65 2072 support whole r\n+000236d0: 6762 3234 2070 616c 6574 7465 2062 7574 gb24 palette but\n+000236e0: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2074 6865 7265 currently there\n+000236f0: 2069 7320 6e6f 0a63 6f6d 7065 6c6c 696e is no.compellin\n+00023700: 6720 7265 6173 6f6e 2074 6f20 676f 2062 g reason to go b\n+00023710: 6579 6f6e 6420 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e eyond the curren\n+00023720: 7420 3136 2063 6f6c 6f72 732e 0a0a 1f0a t 16 colors.....\n+00023730: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00023740: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 5f64 Node: config_d\n+00023750: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2c20 204e 6578 743a irectory, Next:\n+00023760: 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6669 6c65 2c20 2050 config_file, P\n+00023770: 7265 763a 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 rev: color_norma\n+00023780: 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 l, Up: Special \n+00023790: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+000237a0: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3720 636f ables..15.1.7 co\n+000237b0: 6e66 6967 5f64 6972 6563 746f 7279 0a2d nfig_directory.-\n+000237c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+000237d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 ------..This var\n+000237e0: 6961 626c 6520 6973 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 iable is automat\n+000237f0: 6963 616c 6c79 2073 6574 2062 7920 4752 ically set by GR\n+00023800: 5542 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 UB to the direct\n+00023810: 6f72 7920 7061 7274 206f 660a 6375 7272 ory part of.curr\n+00023820: 656e 7420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ent configuratio\n+00023830: 6e20 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 282a 6e6f n file name (*no\n+00023840: 7465 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6669 6c65 3a3a te config_file::\n+00023850: 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ).....File: grub\n+00023860: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f .info, Node: co\n+00023870: 6e66 6967 5f66 696c 652c 2020 4e65 7874 nfig_file, Next\n+00023880: 3a20 6465 6275 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 : debug, Prev: \n+00023890: 636f 6e66 6967 5f64 6972 6563 746f 7279 config_directory\n+000238a0: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n+000238b0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+000238c0: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e38 2063 6f6e bles..15.1.8 con\n+000238d0: 6669 675f 6669 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d fig_file.-------\n+000238e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 -----------..Thi\n+000238f0: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 6175 s variable is au\n+00023900: 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 7365 7420 tomatically set \n+00023910: 6279 2047 5255 4220 746f 2074 6865 206e by GRUB to the n\n+00023920: 616d 6520 6f66 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 ame of configura\n+00023930: 7469 6f6e 0a66 696c 6520 7468 6174 2069 tion.file that i\n+00023940: 7320 6265 696e 6720 7072 6f63 6573 7365 s being processe\n+00023950: 6420 6279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 e280 d by commands ..\n+00023960: 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 2028 .configfile... (\n+00023970: 2a6e 6f74 650a 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 *note.configfile\n+00023980: 3a3a 2920 6f72 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c ::) or ...normal\n+00023990: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 206e 6f72 6d61 ... (*note norma\n+000239a0: 6c3a 3a29 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2072 6573 l::). It is res\n+000239b0: 746f 7265 6420 746f 2074 6865 0a70 7265 tored to the.pre\n+000239c0: 7669 6f75 7320 7661 6c75 6520 7768 656e vious value when\n+000239d0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 command complet\n+000239e0: 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 es.....File: gru\n+000239f0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2064 b.info, Node: d\n+00023a00: 6562 7567 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2064 6566 ebug, Next: def\n+00023a10: 6175 6c74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 6f6e ault, Prev: con\n+00023a20: 6669 675f 6669 6c65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 fig_file, Up: S\n+00023a30: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n+00023a40: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n+00023a50: 2e31 2e39 2064 6562 7567 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d .1.9 debug.-----\n+00023a60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 -------..This va\n+00023a70: 7269 6162 6c65 206d 6179 2062 6520 7365 riable may be se\n+00023a80: 7420 746f 2065 6e61 626c 6520 6465 6275 t to enable debu\n+00023a90: 6767 696e 6720 6f75 7470 7574 2066 726f gging output fro\n+00023aa0: 6d20 7661 7269 6f75 730a 636f 6d70 6f6e m various.compon\n+00023ab0: 656e 7473 206f 6620 4752 5542 2e20 5468 ents of GRUB. Th\n+00023ac0: 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6973 2061 6e20 6f72 e value is an or\n+00023ad0: 6465 7265 6420 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6465 dered list of de\n+00023ae0: 6275 6720 6661 6369 6c69 7479 206e 616d bug facility nam\n+00023af0: 6573 0a73 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 es.separated by \n+00023b00: 7768 6974 6573 7061 6365 206f 7220 e280 whitespace or ..\n+00023b10: 982c e280 992e 2020 4966 2074 6865 2073 .,.... If the s\n+00023b20: 7065 6369 616c 2066 6163 696c 6974 7920 pecial facility \n+00023b30: 6e61 6d65 6420 e280 9861 6c6c e280 9920 named ...all... \n+00023b40: 6973 0a70 7265 7365 6e74 2074 6865 6e20 is.present then \n+00023b50: 6465 6275 6767 696e 6720 6f75 7470 7574 debugging output\n+00023b60: 206f 6620 616c 6c20 6661 6369 6c69 7479 of all facility\n+00023b70: 206e 616d 6573 2069 7320 656e 6162 6c65 names is enable\n+00023b80: 6420 6174 2074 6865 0a73 7461 7274 206f d at the.start o\n+00023b90: 6620 7072 6f63 6573 7369 6e67 2074 6865 f processing the\n+00023ba0: 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 6973 2076 value of this v\n+00023bb0: 6172 6961 626c 652e 2020 4120 6661 6369 ariable. A faci\n+00023bc0: 6c69 7479 2773 2064 6562 7567 0a6f 7574 lity's debug.out\n+00023bd0: 7075 7420 6361 6e20 7468 656e 2062 6520 put can then be \n+00023be0: 6469 7361 626c 6564 2062 7920 7072 6566 disabled by pref\n+00023bf0: 6978 696e 6720 6974 7320 6e61 6d65 2077 ixing its name w\n+00023c00: 6974 6820 6120 e280 982d e280 992e 2020 ith a ...-.... \n+00023c10: 5468 6520 6c61 7374 0a6f 6363 7572 656e The last.occuren\n+00023c20: 6365 2066 6163 696c 6974 7920 6e61 6d65 ce facility name\n+00023c30: 2077 6974 6820 6f72 2077 6974 686f 7574 with or without\n+00023c40: 2061 206c 6561 6469 6e67 20e2 8098 2de2 a leading ...-.\n+00023c50: 8099 2074 616b 6573 2070 7265 6365 6e64 .. takes precend\n+00023c60: 656e 740a 6f76 6572 2061 6e79 2070 7265 ent.over any pre\n+00023c70: 7669 6f75 7320 6f63 6375 7265 6e63 652e vious occurence.\n+00023c80: 2020 5468 6973 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 7468 This allows th\n+00023c90: 6520 6561 7379 2065 6e61 626c 696e 6720 e easy enabling \n+00023ca0: 6f72 2064 6973 6162 6c69 6e67 0a6f 6620 or disabling.of \n+00023cb0: 6661 6369 6c69 7469 6573 2062 7920 6170 facilities by ap\n+00023cc0: 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6120 e280 982c e280 pending a ...,..\n+00023cd0: 9920 616e 6420 7468 656e 2074 6865 2066 . and then the f\n+00023ce0: 6163 696c 6974 7920 6e61 6d65 2077 6974 acility name wit\n+00023cf0: 6820 6f72 0a77 6974 686f 7574 2074 6865 h or.without the\n+00023d00: 206c 6561 6469 6e67 20e2 8098 2de2 8099 leading ...-...\n+00023d10: 2c20 7768 6963 6820 7769 6c6c 2070 7265 , which will pre\n+00023d20: 7365 7276 6520 7468 6520 7374 6174 6520 serve the state \n+00023d30: 6f66 2074 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 0a74 of the rest of.t\n+00023d40: 6865 2066 6163 696c 6974 6965 732e 2020 he facilities. \n+00023d50: 5468 6520 6661 6369 6c69 7479 206e 616d The facility nam\n+00023d60: 6573 2061 7265 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 es are the first\n+00023d70: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 746f 0a67 7275 argument to.gru\n+00023d80: 625f 6470 7269 6e74 662e 2020 436f 6e73 b_dprintf. Cons\n+00023d90: 756c 7420 7468 6520 736f 7572 6365 2066 ult the source f\n+00023da0: 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6465 7461 696c 732e or more details.\n+00023db0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00023dc0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6465 6661 nfo, Node: defa\n+00023dd0: 756c 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6661 6c6c ult, Next: fall\n+00023de0: 6261 636b 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2064 6562 back, Prev: deb\n+00023df0: 7567 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c ug, Up: Special\n+00023e00: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+00023e10: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3020 iables..15.1.10 \n+00023e20: 6465 6661 756c 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d default.--------\n+00023e30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 -------..If this\n+00023e40: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 variable is set\n+00023e50: 2c20 6974 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7320 , it identifies \n+00023e60: 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2074 6861 a menu entry tha\n+00023e70: 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 650a 7365 6c65 t should be.sele\n+00023e80: 6374 6564 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c 742c cted by default,\n+00023e90: 2070 6f73 7369 626c 7920 6166 7465 7220 possibly after \n+00023ea0: 6120 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 282a 6e6f 7465 a timeout (*note\n+00023eb0: 2074 696d 656f 7574 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 timeout::). Th\n+00023ec0: 650a 656e 7472 7920 6d61 7920 6265 2069 e.entry may be i\n+00023ed0: 6465 6e74 6966 6965 6420 6279 206e 756d dentified by num\n+00023ee0: 6265 7220 2873 7461 7274 696e 6720 6672 ber (starting fr\n+00023ef0: 6f6d 2030 2061 7420 6561 6368 206c 6576 om 0 at each lev\n+00023f00: 656c 206f 6620 7468 650a 6869 6572 6172 el of the.hierar\n+00023f10: 6368 7929 2c20 6279 2074 6974 6c65 2c20 chy), by title, \n+00023f20: 6f72 2062 7920 6964 2e0a 0a20 2020 466f or by id... Fo\n+00023f30: 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2069 6620 796f r example, if yo\n+00023f40: 7520 6861 7665 3a0a 0a6d 656e 7565 6e74 u have:..menuent\n+00023f50: 7279 2027 4578 616d 706c 6520 474e 552f ry 'Example GNU/\n+00023f60: 4c69 6e75 7820 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 Linux distributi\n+00023f70: 6f6e 2720 2d2d 636c 6173 7320 676e 752d on' --class gnu-\n+00023f80: 6c69 6e75 7820 2d2d 6964 2065 7861 6d70 linux --id examp\n+00023f90: 6c65 2d67 6e75 2d6c 696e 7578 207b 0a09 le-gnu-linux {..\n+00023fa0: 2e2e 2e0a 7d0a 0a20 2020 7468 656e 2079 ....}.. then y\n+00023fb0: 6f75 2063 616e 206d 616b 6520 7468 6973 ou can make this\n+00023fc0: 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2075 7369 the default usi\n+00023fd0: 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c ng:.. defaul\n+00023fe0: 743d 6578 616d 706c 652d 676e 752d 6c69 t=example-gnu-li\n+00023ff0: 6e75 780a 0a20 2020 4966 2074 6865 2065 nux.. If the e\n+00024000: 6e74 7279 2069 7320 696e 2061 2073 7562 ntry is in a sub\n+00024010: 6d65 6e75 2c20 7468 656e 2069 7420 6d75 menu, then it mu\n+00024020: 7374 2062 6520 6964 656e 7469 6669 6564 st be identified\n+00024030: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 0a6e 756d 6265 using the.numbe\n+00024040: 722c 2074 6974 6c65 2c20 6f72 2069 6420 r, title, or id \n+00024050: 6f66 2065 6163 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2073 of each of the s\n+00024060: 7562 6d65 6e75 7320 7374 6172 7469 6e67 ubmenus starting\n+00024070: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 746f 700a 6c65 from the top.le\n+00024080: 7665 6c2c 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 6279 vel, followed by\n+00024090: 2074 6865 206e 756d 6265 722c 2074 6974 the number, tit\n+000240a0: 6c65 2c20 6f72 2069 6420 6f66 2074 6865 le, or id of the\n+000240b0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6974 7365 menu entry itse\n+000240c0: 6c66 2c0a 7769 7468 2065 6163 6820 656c lf,.with each el\n+000240d0: 656d 656e 7420 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 ement separated \n+000240e0: 6279 20e2 8098 3ee2 8099 2e20 2046 6f72 by ...>.... For\n+000240f0: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 7461 6b65 2074 example, take t\n+00024100: 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 0a6d 656e he following.men\n+00024110: 7520 7374 7275 6374 7572 653a 0a0a 2020 u structure:.. \n+00024120: 2020 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 6420 2d2d 6964 GNU/Hurd --id\n+00024130: 2067 6e75 2d68 7572 640a 2020 2020 2020 gnu-hurd. \n+00024140: 2053 7461 6e64 6172 6420 426f 6f74 202d Standard Boot -\n+00024150: 2d69 643d 676e 752d 6875 7264 2d73 7464 -id=gnu-hurd-std\n+00024160: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 5265 7363 7565 2073 . Rescue s\n+00024170: 6865 6c6c 202d 2d69 643d 676e 752d 6875 hell --id=gnu-hu\n+00024180: 7264 2d72 6573 6375 650a 2020 2020 204f rd-rescue. O\n+00024190: 7468 6572 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 202d ther platforms -\n+000241a0: 2d69 643d 6f74 6865 720a 2020 2020 2020 -id=other. \n+000241b0: 204d 696e 6978 202d 2d69 643d 6d69 6e69 Minix --id=mini\n+000241c0: 780a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2056 6572 7369 x. Versi\n+000241d0: 6f6e 2033 2e34 2e30 202d 2d69 643d 6d69 on 3.4.0 --id=mi\n+000241e0: 6e69 782d 332e 342e 300a 2020 2020 2020 nix-3.4.0. \n+000241f0: 2020 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2033 2e33 2e30 Version 3.3.0\n+00024200: 202d 2d69 643d 6d69 6e69 782d 332e 332e --id=minix-3.3.\n+00024210: 300a 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 496e 0. GRUB In\n+00024220: 7661 6465 7273 202d 2d69 643d 6772 7562 vaders --id=grub\n+00024230: 2d69 6e76 6164 6572 730a 0a20 2020 5468 -invaders.. Th\n+00024240: 6520 6d6f 7265 2072 6563 656e 7420 7265 e more recent re\n+00024250: 6c65 6173 6520 6f66 204d 696e 6978 2077 lease of Minix w\n+00024260: 6f75 6c64 2074 6865 6e20 6265 2069 6465 ould then be ide\n+00024270: 6e74 6966 6965 6420 6173 20e2 8098 4f74 ntified as ...Ot\n+00024280: 6865 720a 706c 6174 666f 726d 733e 4d69 her.platforms>Mi\n+00024290: 6e69 783e 5665 7273 696f 6e20 332e 342e nix>Version 3.4.\n+000242a0: 30e2 8099 2c20 6f72 2061 7320 e280 9831 0..., or as ...1\n+000242b0: 3e30 3e30 e280 992c 206f 7220 6173 0ae2 >0>0..., or as..\n+000242c0: 8098 6f74 6865 723e 6d69 6e69 783e 6d69 ..other>minix>mi\n+000242d0: 6e69 782d 332e 342e 30e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 nix-3.4.0...... \n+000242e0: 2020 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 This variable \n+000242f0: 6973 206f 6674 656e 2073 6574 2062 7920 is often set by \n+00024300: e280 9847 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c 54e2 ...GRUB_DEFAULT.\n+00024310: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 .. (*note Simple\n+00024320: 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a .configuration::\n+00024330: 292c 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d73 6574 2d64 ), ...grub-set-d\n+00024340: 6566 6175 6c74 e280 992c 206f 7220 e280 efault..., or ..\n+00024350: 9867 7275 622d 7265 626f 6f74 e280 992e .grub-reboot....\n+00024360: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00024370: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6661 6c6c nfo, Node: fall\n+00024380: 6261 636b 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 6678 back, Next: gfx\n+00024390: 6d6f 6465 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2064 6566 mode, Prev: def\n+000243a0: 6175 6c74 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 ault, Up: Speci\n+000243b0: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n+000243c0: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 ariables..15.1.1\n+000243d0: 3120 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 1 fallback.-----\n+000243e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 -----------..If \n+000243f0: 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 this variable is\n+00024400: 2073 6574 2c20 6974 2069 6465 6e74 6966 set, it identif\n+00024410: 6965 7320 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 ies a menu entry\n+00024420: 2074 6861 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 650a that should be.\n+00024430: 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2069 6620 7468 6520 selected if the \n+00024440: 6465 6661 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 default menu ent\n+00024450: 7279 2066 6169 6c73 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 ry fails to boot\n+00024460: 2e20 2045 6e74 7269 6573 2061 7265 0a69 . Entries are.i\n+00024470: 6465 6e74 6966 6965 6420 696e 2074 6865 dentified in the\n+00024480: 2073 616d 6520 7761 7920 6173 2066 6f72 same way as for\n+00024490: 20e2 8098 6465 6661 756c 74e2 8099 2028 ...default... (\n+000244a0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6465 6661 756c 743a 3a29 *note default::)\n+000244b0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+000244c0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 6678 info, Node: gfx\n+000244d0: 6d6f 6465 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 6678 mode, Next: gfx\n+000244e0: 7061 796c 6f61 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 payload, Prev: \n+000244f0: 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2c20 2055 703a 2053 fallback, Up: S\n+00024500: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n+00024510: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n+00024520: 2e31 2e31 3220 6766 786d 6f64 650a 2d2d .1.12 gfxmode.--\n+00024530: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 -------------..I\n+00024540: 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 f this variable \n+00024550: 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 2073 6574 7320 is set, it sets \n+00024560: 7468 6520 7265 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 2075 the resolution u\n+00024570: 7365 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6766 sed on the ...gf\n+00024580: 7874 6572 6de2 8099 0a67 7261 7068 6963 xterm....graphic\n+00024590: 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 2020 4e6f al terminal. No\n+000245a0: 7465 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 6361 6e20 te that you can \n+000245b0: 6f6e 6c79 2075 7365 206d 6f64 6573 2077 only use modes w\n+000245c0: 6869 6368 2079 6f75 720a 6772 6170 6869 hich your.graphi\n+000245d0: 6373 2063 6172 6420 7375 7070 6f72 7473 cs card supports\n+000245e0: 2076 6961 2056 4553 4120 4249 4f53 2045 via VESA BIOS E\n+000245f0: 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 2856 4245 292c xtensions (VBE),\n+00024600: 2073 6f20 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c 650a so for example.\n+00024610: 6e61 7469 7665 204c 4344 2070 616e 656c native LCD panel\n+00024620: 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e73 206d 6179 resolutions may\n+00024630: 206e 6f74 2062 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c not be availabl\n+00024640: 652e 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 e. The default \n+00024650: 6973 0ae2 8098 6175 746f e280 992c 2077 is....auto..., w\n+00024660: 6869 6368 2073 656c 6563 7473 2061 2070 hich selects a p\n+00024670: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 latform-specific\n+00024680: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2074 6861 7420 7368 default that sh\n+00024690: 6f75 6c64 206c 6f6f 6b0a 7265 6173 6f6e ould look.reason\n+000246a0: 6162 6c65 2e20 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 able. Supported\n+000246b0: 206d 6f64 6573 2063 616e 2062 6520 6c69 modes can be li\n+000246c0: 7374 6564 2062 7920 e280 9876 6964 656f sted by ...video\n+000246d0: 696e 666f e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 info... command \n+000246e0: 696e 0a47 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 in.GRUB... The\n+000246f0: 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e20 6d61 7920 resolution may \n+00024700: 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2061 7320 be specified as \n+00024710: 6120 7365 7175 656e 6365 206f 6620 6f6e a sequence of on\n+00024720: 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6d6f 6465 732c e or more modes,\n+00024730: 0a73 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 636f .separated by co\n+00024740: 6d6d 6173 2028 e280 982c e280 9929 206f mmas (...,...) o\n+00024750: 7220 7365 6d69 636f 6c6f 6e73 2028 e280 r semicolons (..\n+00024760: 983b e280 9929 3b20 6561 6368 2077 696c .;...); each wil\n+00024770: 6c20 6265 2074 7269 6564 2069 6e0a 7475 l be tried in.tu\n+00024780: 726e 2075 6e74 696c 206f 6e65 2069 7320 rn until one is \n+00024790: 666f 756e 642e 2020 4561 6368 206d 6f64 found. Each mod\n+000247a0: 6520 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6569 7468 e should be eith\n+000247b0: 6572 20e2 8098 6175 746f e280 992c 0ae2 er ...auto...,..\n+000247c0: 8098 5749 4454 4878 4845 4947 4854 e280 ..WIDTHxHEIGHT..\n+000247d0: 992c 206f 7220 e280 9857 4944 5448 7848 ., or ...WIDTHxH\n+000247e0: 4549 4748 5478 4445 5054 48e2 8099 2e0a EIGHTxDEPTH.....\n+000247f0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00024800: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 6678 7061 fo, Node: gfxpa\n+00024810: 796c 6f61 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6766 yload, Next: gf\n+00024820: 7874 6572 6d5f 666f 6e74 2c20 2050 7265 xterm_font, Pre\n+00024830: 763a 2067 6678 6d6f 6465 2c20 2055 703a v: gfxmode, Up:\n+00024840: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n+00024850: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n+00024860: 3135 2e31 2e31 3320 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 15.1.13 gfxpaylo\n+00024870: 6164 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ad.-------------\n+00024880: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 -----..If this v\n+00024890: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 ariable is set, \n+000248a0: 6974 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 7320 7468 6520 it controls the \n+000248b0: 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 2069 6e20 7768 video mode in wh\n+000248c0: 6963 6820 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 780a 6b65 ich the Linux.ke\n+000248d0: 726e 656c 2073 7461 7274 7320 7570 2c20 rnel starts up, \n+000248e0: 7265 706c 6163 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 replacing the ..\n+000248f0: 9876 6761 3de2 8099 2062 6f6f 7420 6f70 .vga=... boot op\n+00024900: 7469 6f6e 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 tion (*note linu\n+00024910: 783a 3a29 2e20 2049 740a 6d61 7920 6265 x::). It.may be\n+00024920: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9874 6578 74e2 set to ...text.\n+00024930: 8099 2074 6f20 666f 7263 6520 7468 6520 .. to force the \n+00024940: 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2074 6f20 Linux kernel to \n+00024950: 626f 6f74 2069 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c 2074 boot in normal t\n+00024960: 6578 740a 6d6f 6465 2c20 e280 986b 6565 ext.mode, ...kee\n+00024970: 70e2 8099 2074 6f20 7072 6573 6572 7665 p... to preserve\n+00024980: 2074 6865 2067 7261 7068 6963 7320 6d6f the graphics mo\n+00024990: 6465 2073 6574 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 de set using ...\n+000249a0: 6766 786d 6f64 65e2 8099 2c20 6f72 2061 gfxmode..., or a\n+000249b0: 6e79 0a6f 6620 7468 6520 7065 726d 6974 ny.of the permit\n+000249c0: 7465 6420 7661 6c75 6573 2066 6f72 20e2 ted values for .\n+000249d0: 8098 6766 786d 6f64 65e2 8099 2074 6f20 ..gfxmode... to \n+000249e0: 7365 7420 6120 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 set a particular\n+000249f0: 2067 7261 7068 6963 7320 6d6f 6465 0a28 graphics mode.(\n+00024a00: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6766 786d 6f64 653a 3a29 *note gfxmode::)\n+00024a10: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 ... Depending \n+00024a20: 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6b65 726e 656c 2c20 on your kernel, \n+00024a30: 796f 7572 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f your distributio\n+00024a40: 6e2c 2079 6f75 7220 6772 6170 6869 6373 n, your graphics\n+00024a50: 2063 6172 642c 2061 6e64 0a74 6865 2070 card, and.the p\n+00024a60: 6861 7365 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d6f 6f6e hase of the moon\n+00024a70: 2c20 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 7573 696e , note that usin\n+00024a80: 6720 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6d61 g this option ma\n+00024a90: 7920 6361 7573 6520 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 y cause GNU/Linu\n+00024aa0: 780a 746f 2073 7566 6665 7220 6672 6f6d x.to suffer from\n+00024ab0: 2076 6172 696f 7573 2064 6973 706c 6179 various display\n+00024ac0: 2070 726f 626c 656d 732c 2070 6172 7469 problems, parti\n+00024ad0: 6375 6c61 726c 7920 6475 7269 6e67 2074 cularly during t\n+00024ae0: 6865 2065 6172 6c79 0a70 6172 7420 6f66 he early.part of\n+00024af0: 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 7175 656e the boot sequen\n+00024b00: 6365 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 ce. If you have\n+00024b10: 2070 726f 626c 656d 732c 2073 6574 2074 problems, set t\n+00024b20: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2074 6f0a his variable to.\n+00024b30: e280 9874 6578 74e2 8099 2061 6e64 2047 ...text... and G\n+00024b40: 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2074 656c 6c20 4c69 RUB will tell Li\n+00024b50: 6e75 7820 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 696e 206e nux to boot in n\n+00024b60: 6f72 6d61 6c20 7465 7874 206d 6f64 652e ormal text mode.\n+00024b70: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 .. The default\n+00024b80: 2069 7320 706c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 is platform-spe\n+00024b90: 6369 6669 632e 2020 4f6e 2070 6c61 7466 cific. On platf\n+00024ba0: 6f72 6d73 2077 6974 6820 6120 6e61 7469 orms with a nati\n+00024bb0: 7665 2074 6578 740a 6d6f 6465 2028 7375 ve text.mode (su\n+00024bc0: 6368 2061 7320 5043 2042 494f 5320 706c ch as PC BIOS pl\n+00024bd0: 6174 666f 726d 7329 2c20 7468 6520 6465 atforms), the de\n+00024be0: 6661 756c 7420 6973 20e2 8098 7465 7874 fault is ...text\n+00024bf0: e280 992e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 .... Otherwise \n+00024c00: 7468 650a 6465 6661 756c 7420 6d61 7920 the.default may \n+00024c10: 6265 20e2 8098 6175 746f e280 9920 6f72 be ...auto... or\n+00024c20: 2061 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 7669 6465 a specific vide\n+00024c30: 6f20 6d6f 6465 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 o mode... This\n+00024c40: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 206f 6674 variable is oft\n+00024c50: 656e 2073 6574 2062 7920 e280 9847 5255 en set by ...GRU\n+00024c60: 425f 4746 5850 4159 4c4f 4144 5f4c 494e B_GFXPAYLOAD_LIN\n+00024c70: 5558 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d UX... (*note Sim\n+00024c80: 706c 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ple.configuratio\n+00024c90: 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 n::).....File: g\n+00024ca0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00024cb0: 2067 6678 7465 726d 5f66 6f6e 742c 2020 gfxterm_font, \n+00024cc0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6772 7562 5f63 7075 2c20 Next: grub_cpu, \n+00024cd0: 2050 7265 763a 2067 6678 7061 796c 6f61 Prev: gfxpayloa\n+00024ce0: 642c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 d, Up: Special \n+00024cf0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+00024d00: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3134 2067 ables..15.1.14 g\n+00024d10: 6678 7465 726d 5f66 6f6e 740a 2d2d 2d2d fxterm_font.----\n 00024d20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00024d30: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 ----..If this va\n-00024d40: 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 riable is set, i\n-00024d50: 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 6120 666f 6e74 2074 t names a font t\n-00024d60: 6f20 7573 6520 666f 7220 7465 7874 206f o use for text o\n-00024d70: 6e20 7468 650a e280 9867 6678 7465 726d n the....gfxterm\n-00024d80: e280 9920 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 7465 ... graphical te\n-00024d90: 726d 696e 616c 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 rminal. Otherwi\n-00024da0: 7365 2c20 e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 se, ...gfxterm..\n-00024db0: 9920 6d61 7920 7573 6520 616e 790a 6176 . may use any.av\n-00024dc0: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 666f 6e74 2e0a 0a1f ailable font....\n-00024dd0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00024de0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 7275 625f 6370 , Node: grub_cp\n-00024df0: 752c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6772 7562 5f70 u, Next: grub_p\n-00024e00: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 latform, Prev: \n-00024e10: 6766 7874 6572 6d5f 666f 6e74 2c20 2055 gfxterm_font, U\n-00024e20: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n-00024e30: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-00024e40: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3520 6772 7562 5f63 ..15.1.15 grub_c\n-00024e50: 7075 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d pu.-------------\n-00024e60: 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c 206d ---..In normal m\n-00024e70: 6f64 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 206e 6f72 6d61 ode (*note norma\n-00024e80: 6c3a 3a29 2c20 4752 5542 2073 6574 7320 l::), GRUB sets \n-00024e90: 7468 6520 e280 9867 7275 625f 6370 75e2 the ...grub_cpu.\n-00024ea0: 8099 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f 0a74 .. variable to.t\n-00024eb0: 6865 2043 5055 2074 7970 6520 666f 7220 he CPU type for \n-00024ec0: 7768 6963 6820 4752 5542 2077 6173 2062 which GRUB was b\n-00024ed0: 7569 6c74 2028 652e 672e 2020 e280 9869 uilt (e.g. ...i\n-00024ee0: 3338 36e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9870 6f77 386... or ...pow\n-00024ef0: 6572 7063 e280 9929 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c erpc...).....Fil\n-00024f00: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00024f10: 6f64 653a 2067 7275 625f 706c 6174 666f ode: grub_platfo\n-00024f20: 726d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2069 636f 6e64 rm, Next: icond\n-00024f30: 6972 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2067 7275 625f ir, Prev: grub_\n-00024f40: 6370 752c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 cpu, Up: Specia\n-00024f50: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n-00024f60: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3136 riables..15.1.16\n-00024f70: 2067 7275 625f 706c 6174 666f 726d 0a2d grub_platform.-\n+00024d30: 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 ..If this variab\n+00024d40: 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6e61 le is set, it na\n+00024d50: 6d65 7320 6120 666f 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 mes a font to us\n+00024d60: 6520 666f 7220 7465 7874 206f 6e20 7468 e for text on th\n+00024d70: 650a e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 9920 e....gfxterm... \n+00024d80: 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 7465 726d 696e graphical termin\n+00024d90: 616c 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 al. Otherwise, \n+00024da0: e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 9920 6d61 ...gfxterm... ma\n+00024db0: 7920 7573 6520 616e 790a 6176 6169 6c61 y use any.availa\n+00024dc0: 626c 6520 666f 6e74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ble font.....Fil\n+00024dd0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00024de0: 6f64 653a 2067 7275 625f 6370 752c 2020 ode: grub_cpu, \n+00024df0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6772 7562 5f70 6c61 7466 Next: grub_platf\n+00024e00: 6f72 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6766 7874 orm, Prev: gfxt\n+00024e10: 6572 6d5f 666f 6e74 2c20 2055 703a 2053 erm_font, Up: S\n+00024e20: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n+00024e30: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n+00024e40: 2e31 2e31 3520 6772 7562 5f63 7075 0a2d .1.15 grub_cpu.-\n+00024e50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00024e60: 0a49 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 6520 .In normal mode \n+00024e70: 282a 6e6f 7465 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a29 (*note normal::)\n+00024e80: 2c20 4752 5542 2073 6574 7320 7468 6520 , GRUB sets the \n+00024e90: e280 9867 7275 625f 6370 75e2 8099 2076 ...grub_cpu... v\n+00024ea0: 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f 0a74 6865 2043 ariable to.the C\n+00024eb0: 5055 2074 7970 6520 666f 7220 7768 6963 PU type for whic\n+00024ec0: 6820 4752 5542 2077 6173 2062 7569 6c74 h GRUB was built\n+00024ed0: 2028 652e 672e 2020 e280 9869 3338 36e2 (e.g. ...i386.\n+00024ee0: 8099 206f 7220 e280 9870 6f77 6572 7063 .. or ...powerpc\n+00024ef0: e280 9929 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ...).....File: g\n+00024f00: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00024f10: 2067 7275 625f 706c 6174 666f 726d 2c20 grub_platform, \n+00024f20: 204e 6578 743a 2069 636f 6e64 6972 2c20 Next: icondir, \n+00024f30: 2050 7265 763a 2067 7275 625f 6370 752c Prev: grub_cpu,\n+00024f40: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n+00024f50: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00024f60: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3136 2067 7275 les..15.1.16 gru\n+00024f70: 625f 706c 6174 666f 726d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d b_platform.-----\n 00024f80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00024f90: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 496e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 ----..In normal \n-00024fa0: 6d6f 6465 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d mode (*note norm\n-00024fb0: 616c 3a3a 292c 2047 5255 4220 7365 7473 al::), GRUB sets\n-00024fc0: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6772 7562 5f70 6c61 the ...grub_pla\n-00024fd0: 7466 6f72 6de2 8099 2076 6172 6961 626c tform... variabl\n-00024fe0: 650a 746f 2074 6865 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 e.to the platfor\n-00024ff0: 6d20 666f 7220 7768 6963 6820 4752 5542 m for which GRUB\n-00025000: 2077 6173 2062 7569 6c74 2028 652e 672e was built (e.g.\n-00025010: 2020 e280 9870 63e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 ...pc... or ..\n-00025020: 9865 6669 e280 9929 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c .efi...).....Fil\n-00025030: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00025040: 6f64 653a 2069 636f 6e64 6972 2c20 204e ode: icondir, N\n-00025050: 6578 743a 206c 616e 672c 2020 5072 6576 ext: lang, Prev\n-00025060: 3a20 6772 7562 5f70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2c : grub_platform,\n-00025070: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n-00025080: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-00025090: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3137 2069 636f les..15.1.17 ico\n-000250a0: 6e64 6972 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ndir.-----------\n-000250b0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 ----..If this va\n-000250c0: 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 riable is set, i\n-000250d0: 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 6120 6469 7265 6374 t names a direct\n-000250e0: 6f72 7920 696e 2077 6869 6368 2074 6865 ory in which the\n-000250f0: 2047 5255 420a 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 GRUB.graphical \n-00025100: 6d65 6e75 2073 686f 756c 6420 6c6f 6f6b menu should look\n-00025110: 2066 6f72 2069 636f 6e73 2061 6674 6572 for icons after\n-00025120: 206c 6f6f 6b69 6e67 2069 6e20 7468 6520 looking in the \n-00025130: 7468 656d 6527 730a e280 9869 636f 6e73 theme's....icons\n-00025140: e280 9920 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792e 2020 ... directory. \n-00025150: 2a4e 6f74 6520 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 *Note Theme file\n-00025160: 2066 6f72 6d61 743a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 format::.....Fi\n-00025170: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00025180: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c61 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 Node: lang, Nex\n-00025190: 743a 206c 6f63 616c 655f 6469 722c 2020 t: locale_dir, \n-000251a0: 5072 6576 3a20 6963 6f6e 6469 722c 2020 Prev: icondir, \n-000251b0: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n-000251c0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-000251d0: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3138 206c 616e 670a s..15.1.18 lang.\n-000251e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 ------------..If\n-000251f0: 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 this variable i\n-00025200: 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 s set, it names \n-00025210: 7468 6520 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2063 6f64 the language cod\n-00025220: 6520 7468 6174 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6765 e that the ...ge\n-00025230: 7474 6578 74e2 8099 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ttext....command\n-00025240: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6765 7474 6578 743a (*note gettext:\n-00025250: 3a29 2075 7365 7320 746f 2074 7261 6e73 :) uses to trans\n-00025260: 6c61 7465 2073 7472 696e 6773 2e20 2046 late strings. F\n-00025270: 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a 4672 656e or example,.Fren\n-00025280: 6368 2077 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6e61 6d65 ch would be name\n-00025290: 6420 6173 20e2 8098 6672 e280 992c 2061 d as ...fr..., a\n-000252a0: 6e64 2053 696d 706c 6966 6965 6420 4368 nd Simplified Ch\n-000252b0: 696e 6573 6520 6173 20e2 8098 7a68 5f43 inese as ...zh_C\n-000252c0: 4ee2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 N...... ...gru\n-000252d0: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 282a b-mkconfig... (*\n-000252e0: 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 note Simple conf\n-000252f0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2077 696c iguration::) wil\n-00025300: 6c20 7472 7920 746f 2073 6574 2061 0a72 l try to set a.r\n-00025310: 6561 736f 6e61 626c 6520 6465 6661 756c easonable defaul\n-00025320: 7420 666f 7220 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 t for this varia\n-00025330: 626c 6520 6261 7365 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 ble based on the\n-00025340: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6c6f 6361 6c65 2e0a system locale..\n-00025350: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00025360: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 6f63 616c fo, Node: local\n-00025370: 655f 6469 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c6f e_dir, Next: lo\n-00025380: 636b 646f 776e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c ckdown, Prev: l\n-00025390: 616e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 ang, Up: Specia\n-000253a0: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n-000253b0: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3139 riables..15.1.19\n-000253c0: 206c 6f63 616c 655f 6469 720a 2d2d 2d2d locale_dir.----\n-000253d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-000253e0: 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 If this variable\n-000253f0: 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6e61 6d65 is set, it name\n-00025400: 7320 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 s the directory \n-00025410: 7768 6572 6520 7472 616e 736c 6174 696f where translatio\n-00025420: 6e20 6669 6c65 730a 6d61 7920 6265 2066 n files.may be f\n-00025430: 6f75 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6765 7474 ound (*note gett\n-00025440: 6578 743a 3a29 2c20 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 ext::), usually \n-00025450: e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6c6f .../boot/grub/lo\n-00025460: 6361 6c65 e280 992e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 cale.... Otherw\n-00025470: 6973 652c 0a69 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e ise,.internation\n-00025480: 616c 697a 6174 696f 6e20 6973 2064 6973 alization is dis\n-00025490: 6162 6c65 642e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 abled... ...gr\n-000254a0: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2028 ub-mkconfig... (\n-000254b0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e *note Simple con\n-000254c0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 7769 figuration::) wi\n-000254d0: 6c6c 2073 6574 2061 2072 6561 736f 6e61 ll set a reasona\n-000254e0: 626c 650a 6465 6661 756c 7420 666f 7220 ble.default for \n-000254f0: 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6966 this variable if\n-00025500: 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 697a internationaliz\n-00025510: 6174 696f 6e20 6973 206e 6565 6465 6420 ation is needed \n-00025520: 616e 6420 616e 790a 7472 616e 736c 6174 and any.translat\n-00025530: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 6172 6520 6176 ion files are av\n-00025540: 6169 6c61 626c 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 ailable.....File\n-00025550: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00025560: 6465 3a20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2c20 204e de: lockdown, N\n-00025570: 6578 743a 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f ext: menu_color_\n-00025580: 6869 6768 6c69 6768 742c 2020 5072 6576 highlight, Prev\n-00025590: 3a20 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 2c20 2055 : locale_dir, U\n-000255a0: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n-000255b0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-000255c0: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3020 6c6f 636b 646f ..15.1.20 lockdo\n-000255d0: 776e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d wn.-------------\n-000255e0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 ---..If this var\n-000255f0: 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 iable is set to \n-00025600: e280 9879 e280 992c 2069 7420 6d65 616e ...y..., it mean\n-00025610: 7320 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 6861 7320 s that GRUB has \n-00025620: 656e 7465 7265 6420 2a6e 6f74 650a 4c6f entered *note.Lo\n-00025630: 636b 646f 776e 3a3a 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a ckdown:: mode...\n-00025640: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00025650: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d65 6e75 5f63 o, Node: menu_c\n-00025660: 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 2c20 olor_highlight, \n-00025670: 204e 6578 743a 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f Next: menu_colo\n-00025680: 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a r_normal, Prev:\n-00025690: 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 lockdown, Up: \n-000256a0: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n-000256b0: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n-000256c0: 352e 312e 3231 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 5.1.21 menu_colo\n-000256d0: 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 740a 2d2d 2d2d r_highlight.----\n+00024f90: 0a0a 496e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 ..In normal mode\n+00024fa0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a (*note normal::\n+00024fb0: 292c 2047 5255 4220 7365 7473 2074 6865 ), GRUB sets the\n+00024fc0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 5f70 6c61 7466 6f72 ...grub_platfor\n+00024fd0: 6de2 8099 2076 6172 6961 626c 650a 746f m... variable.to\n+00024fe0: 2074 6865 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 666f the platform fo\n+00024ff0: 7220 7768 6963 6820 4752 5542 2077 6173 r which GRUB was\n+00025000: 2062 7569 6c74 2028 652e 672e 2020 e280 built (e.g. ..\n+00025010: 9870 63e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9865 6669 .pc... or ...efi\n+00025020: e280 9929 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ...).....File: g\n+00025030: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00025040: 2069 636f 6e64 6972 2c20 204e 6578 743a icondir, Next:\n+00025050: 206c 616e 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6772 lang, Prev: gr\n+00025060: 7562 5f70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2c 2020 5570 ub_platform, Up\n+00025070: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n+00025080: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n+00025090: 0a31 352e 312e 3137 2069 636f 6e64 6972 .15.1.17 icondir\n+000250a0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+000250b0: 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 ..If this variab\n+000250c0: 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6e61 le is set, it na\n+000250d0: 6d65 7320 6120 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 mes a directory \n+000250e0: 696e 2077 6869 6368 2074 6865 2047 5255 in which the GRU\n+000250f0: 420a 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 6d65 6e75 B.graphical 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4966 2074 6869 --------..If thi\n+000251f0: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 s variable is se\n+00025200: 742c 2069 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 7468 6520 t, it names the \n+00025210: 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2063 6f64 6520 7468 language code th\n+00025220: 6174 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6765 7474 6578 at the ...gettex\n+00025230: 74e2 8099 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e t....command (*n\n+00025240: 6f74 6520 6765 7474 6578 743a 3a29 2075 ote gettext::) u\n+00025250: 7365 7320 746f 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7465 ses to translate\n+00025260: 2073 7472 696e 6773 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 strings. For e\n+00025270: 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a 4672 656e 6368 2077 xample,.French w\n+00025280: 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 6173 ould be named as\n+00025290: 20e2 8098 6672 e280 992c 2061 6e64 2053 ...fr..., and S\n+000252a0: 696d 706c 6966 6965 6420 4368 696e 6573 implified Chines\n+000252b0: 6520 6173 20e2 8098 7a68 5f43 4ee2 8099 e as ...zh_CN...\n+000252c0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b ... ...grub-mk\n+000252d0: 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 config... (*note\n+000252e0: 2053 696d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 Simple configur\n+000252f0: 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2077 696c 6c20 7472 ation::) will tr\n+00025300: 7920 746f 2073 6574 2061 0a72 6561 736f y to set a.reaso\n+00025310: 6e61 626c 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 666f nable default fo\n+00025320: 7220 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 r this variable \n+00025330: 6261 7365 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 7973 based on the sys\n+00025340: 7465 6d20 6c6f 6361 6c65 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 tem locale.....F\n+00025350: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00025360: 204e 6f64 653a 206c 6f63 616c 655f 6469 Node: locale_di\n+00025370: 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c6f 636b 646f r, Next: lockdo\n+00025380: 776e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 616e 672c wn, Prev: lang,\n+00025390: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n+000253a0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+000253b0: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3139 206c 6f63 les..15.1.19 loc\n+000253c0: 616c 655f 6469 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ale_dir.--------\n+000253d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 ----------..If t\n+000253e0: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 his variable is \n+000253f0: 7365 742c 2069 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 7468 set, it names th\n+00025400: 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 7768 6572 e directory wher\n+00025410: 6520 7472 616e 736c 6174 696f 6e20 6669 e translation fi\n+00025420: 6c65 730a 6d61 7920 6265 2066 6f75 6e64 les.may be found\n+00025430: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6765 7474 6578 743a (*note gettext:\n+00025440: 3a29 2c20 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 e280 982f :), usually .../\n+00025450: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6c6f 6361 6c65 boot/grub/locale\n+00025460: e280 992e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c .... Otherwise,\n+00025470: 0a69 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 697a .internationaliz\n+00025480: 6174 696f 6e20 6973 2064 6973 6162 6c65 ation is disable\n+00025490: 642e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d d... ...grub-m\n+000254a0: 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 kconfig... (*not\n+000254b0: 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 e Simple configu\n+000254c0: 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 7769 6c6c 2073 ration::) will s\n+000254d0: 6574 2061 2072 6561 736f 6e61 626c 650a et a reasonable.\n+000254e0: 6465 6661 756c 7420 666f 7220 7468 6973 default for this\n+000254f0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6966 2069 6e74 variable if int\n+00025500: 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 697a 6174 696f ernationalizatio\n+00025510: 6e20 6973 206e 6565 6465 6420 616e 6420 n is needed and \n+00025520: 616e 790a 7472 616e 736c 6174 696f 6e20 any.translation \n+00025530: 6669 6c65 7320 6172 6520 6176 6169 6c61 files are availa\n+00025540: 626c 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ble.....File: gr\n+00025550: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00025560: 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2c20 204e 6578 743a lockdown, Next:\n+00025570: 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 menu_color_high\n+00025580: 6c69 6768 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c6f light, Prev: lo\n+00025590: 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 2c20 2055 703a 2053 cale_dir, Up: S\n+000255a0: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n+000255b0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n+000255c0: 2e31 2e32 3020 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 0a2d .1.20 lockdown.-\n+000255d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+000255e0: 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c .If this variabl\n+000255f0: 6520 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9879 e is set to ...y\n+00025600: e280 992c 2069 7420 6d65 616e 7320 7468 ..., it means th\n+00025610: 6174 2047 5255 4220 6861 7320 656e 7465 at GRUB has ente\n+00025620: 7265 6420 2a6e 6f74 650a 4c6f 636b 646f red *note.Lockdo\n+00025630: 776e 3a3a 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 wn:: mode.....Fi\n+00025640: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00025650: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 Node: menu_color\n+00025660: 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 2c20 204e 6578 _highlight, Nex\n+00025670: 743a 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f t: menu_color_no\n+00025680: 726d 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 6f63 rmal, Prev: loc\n+00025690: 6b64 6f77 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 kdown, Up: Spec\n+000256a0: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n+000256b0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n+000256c0: 3231 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 21 menu_color_hi\n+000256d0: 6768 6c69 6768 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ghlight.--------\n 000256e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000256f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 --------..This v\n-00025700: 6172 6961 626c 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 ariable contains\n-00025710: 2074 6865 2066 6f72 6567 726f 756e 6420 the foreground \n-00025720: 616e 6420 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 and background c\n-00025730: 6f6c 6f72 7320 746f 2062 6520 7573 6564 olors to be used\n-00025740: 0a66 6f72 2074 6865 2068 6967 686c 6967 .for the highlig\n-00025750: 6874 6564 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 792c hted menu entry,\n-00025760: 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 6120 separated by a \n-00025770: 736c 6173 6820 28e2 8098 2fe2 8099 292e slash (.../...).\n-00025780: 2020 5365 7474 696e 670a 7468 6973 2076 Setting.this v\n-00025790: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6368 616e 6765 7320 ariable changes \n-000257a0: 7468 6f73 6520 636f 6c6f 7273 2e20 2046 those colors. F\n-000257b0: 6f72 2074 6865 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 or the available\n-000257c0: 2063 6f6c 6f72 206e 616d 6573 2c0a 2a6e color names,.*n\n-000257d0: 6f74 6520 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c ote color_normal\n-000257e0: 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 ::... The defa\n-000257f0: 756c 7420 6973 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 ult is the value\n-00025800: 206f 6620 e280 9863 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 of ...color_hig\n-00025810: 686c 6967 6874 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 hlight... (*note\n-00025820: 0a63 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 .color_highlight\n-00025830: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ::).....File: gr\n-00025840: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00025850: 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 menu_color_norma\n-00025860: 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 l, Next: net__boot_f\n-00025880: 696c 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6d65 6e75 ile, Prev: menu\n-00025890: 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 _color_highlight\n-000258a0: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n-000258b0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-000258c0: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3220 6d65 bles..15.1.22 me\n-000258d0: 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c0a nu_color_normal.\n+000256f0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 ----..This varia\n+00025700: 626c 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 ble contains the\n+00025710: 2066 6f72 6567 726f 756e 6420 616e 6420 foreground and \n+00025720: 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 background color\n+00025730: 7320 746f 2062 6520 7573 6564 0a66 6f72 s to be used.for\n+00025740: 2074 6865 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 6564 the highlighted\n+00025750: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 792c 2073 6570 menu entry, sep\n+00025760: 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 6120 736c 6173 arated by a slas\n+00025770: 6820 28e2 8098 2fe2 8099 292e 2020 5365 h (.../...). Se\n+00025780: 7474 696e 670a 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 tting.this varia\n+00025790: 626c 6520 6368 616e 6765 7320 7468 6f73 ble changes thos\n+000257a0: 6520 636f 6c6f 7273 2e20 2046 6f72 2074 e colors. For t\n+000257b0: 6865 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2063 6f6c he available col\n+000257c0: 6f72 206e 616d 6573 2c0a 2a6e 6f74 6520 or names,.*note \n+000257d0: 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 2e0a color_normal::..\n+000257e0: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 . The default \n+000257f0: 6973 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 is the value of \n+00025800: e280 9863 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 ...color_highlig\n+00025810: 6874 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a63 6f6c ht... (*note.col\n+00025820: 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 3a3a 292e or_highlight::).\n+00025830: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00025840: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d65 6e75 nfo, Node: menu\n+00025850: 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 _color_normal, \n+00025860: 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Next: net__boot_file,\n+00025880: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c Prev: menu_col\n+00025890: 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 2c20 2055 or_highlight, U\n+000258a0: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n+000258b0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+000258c0: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3220 6d65 6e75 5f63 ..15.1.22 menu_c\n+000258d0: 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d olor_normal.----\n 000258e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000258f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 ---------..This \n-00025900: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6f6e 7461 696e variable contain\n-00025910: 7320 7468 6520 666f 7265 6772 6f75 6e64 s the foreground\n-00025920: 2061 6e64 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 and background \n-00025930: 636f 6c6f 7273 2074 6f20 6265 2075 7365 colors to be use\n-00025940: 640a 666f 7220 6e6f 6e2d 6869 6768 6c69 d.for non-highli\n-00025950: 6768 7465 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 ghted menu entri\n-00025960: 6573 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 es, separated by\n-00025970: 2061 2073 6c61 7368 2028 e280 982f e280 a slash (.../..\n-00025980: 9929 2e20 2053 6574 7469 6e67 0a74 6869 .). Setting.thi\n-00025990: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6861 6e67 s variable chang\n-000259a0: 6573 2074 686f 7365 2063 6f6c 6f72 732e es those colors.\n-000259b0: 2020 466f 7220 7468 6520 6176 6169 6c61 For the availa\n-000259c0: 626c 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 6e61 6d65 732c ble color names,\n-000259d0: 0a2a 6e6f 7465 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 .*note color_nor\n-000259e0: 6d61 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2064 mal::... The d\n-000259f0: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 7468 6520 7661 efault is the va\n-00025a00: 6c75 6520 6f66 20e2 8098 636f 6c6f 725f lue of ...color_\n-00025a10: 6e6f 726d 616c e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 normal... (*note\n-00025a20: 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a29 color_normal::)\n-00025a30: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00025a40: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n-00025a50: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f62 6f6f __boo\n-00025a60: 745f 6669 6c65 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e t_file, Next: n\n-00025a70: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f63 et__c\n-00025a80: 6c69 656e 7469 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 lientid, Prev: \n-00025a90: 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 menu_color_norma\n-00025aa0: 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 l, Up: Special \n-00025ab0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-00025ac0: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3233 206e ables..15.1.23 n\n-00025ad0: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f62 et__b\n-00025ae0: 6f6f 745f 6669 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d oot_file.-------\n+000258f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 -----..This vari\n+00025900: 6162 6c65 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 7468 able contains th\n+00025910: 6520 666f 7265 6772 6f75 6e64 2061 6e64 e foreground and\n+00025920: 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 636f 6c6f background colo\n+00025930: 7273 2074 6f20 6265 2075 7365 640a 666f rs to be used.fo\n+00025940: 7220 6e6f 6e2d 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7465 r non-highlighte\n+00025950: 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2c20 d menu entries, \n+00025960: 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 2073 separated by a s\n+00025970: 6c61 7368 2028 e280 982f e280 9929 2e20 lash (.../...). \n+00025980: 2053 6574 7469 6e67 0a74 6869 7320 7661 Setting.this va\n+00025990: 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2074 riable changes t\n+000259a0: 686f 7365 2063 6f6c 6f72 732e 2020 466f hose colors. Fo\n+000259b0: 7220 7468 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 r the available \n+000259c0: 636f 6c6f 7220 6e61 6d65 732c 0a2a 6e6f color names,.*no\n+000259d0: 7465 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c3a te color_normal:\n+000259e0: 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 :... The defau\n+000259f0: 6c74 2069 7320 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 lt is the value \n+00025a00: 6f66 20e2 8098 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d of ...color_norm\n+00025a10: 616c e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2063 6f6c al... (*note col\n+00025a20: 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f or_normal::)....\n+00025a30: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00025a40: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Node: net__boot_fi\n+00025a60: 6c65 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c le, Next: net_<\n+00025a70: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f63 6c69 656e INTERFACE>_clien\n+00025a80: 7469 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6d65 6e75 tid, Prev: menu\n+00025a90: 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 _color_normal, \n+00025aa0: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n+00025ab0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+00025ac0: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3233 206e 6574 5f3c s..15.1.23 net_<\n+00025ad0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f62 6f6f 745f INTERFACE>_boot_\n+00025ae0: 6669 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d file.-----------\n 00025af0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025b00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 ----------..*Not\n-00025b10: 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a e Network::.....\n-00025b20: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00025b30: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Node: net__clientid\n-00025b50: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Next: net__clientu\n-00025b70: 7569 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f uid, Prev: net_\n-00025b80: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 626f 6f74 _boot\n-00025b90: 5f66 696c 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 _file, Up: Spec\n-00025ba0: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n-00025bb0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n-00025bc0: 3234 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 24 net__clientid.----\n+00025b00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 ------..*Note Ne\n+00025b10: 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 twork::.....File\n+00025b20: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00025b30: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 de: net__clientid, N\n+00025b50: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ext: net__clientuuid,\n+00025b70: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Prev: net__boot_fil\n+00025b90: 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 e, Up: Special \n+00025ba0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+00025bb0: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3234 206e ables..15.1.24 n\n+00025bc0: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f63 et__c\n+00025bd0: 6c69 656e 7469 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d lientid.--------\n 00025be0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025bf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e ------------..*N\n-00025c00: 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a ote Network::...\n-00025c10: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00025c20: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 o, Node: net__client\n-00025c40: 7575 6964 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 uuid, Next: net\n-00025c50: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 6863 __dhc\n-00025c60: 705f 7365 7276 6572 5f6e 616d 652c 2020 p_server_name, \n-00025c70: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Prev: net__clientid, \n-00025c90: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-00025ca0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00025cb0: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3520 6e65 745f es..15.1.25 net_\n-00025cc0: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 636c 6965 _clie\n-00025cd0: 6e74 7575 6964 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ntuuid.---------\n+00025bf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 --------..*Note \n+00025c00: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 Network::.....Fi\n+00025c10: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00025c20: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Node: net__clientuuid\n+00025c40: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Next: net__dhcp_se\n+00025c60: 7276 6572 5f6e 616d 652c 2020 5072 6576 rver_name, Prev\n+00025c70: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__clientid, Up:\n+00025c90: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n+00025ca0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n+00025cb0: 3135 2e31 2e32 3520 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 15.1.25 net__clientuu\n+00025cd0: 6964 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d id.-------------\n 00025ce0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025cf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 ---------..*Note\n-00025d00: 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 Network::.....F\n-00025d10: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00025d20: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Node: net__dhcp_serv\n-00025d40: 6572 5f6e 616d 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 er_name, Next: \n-00025d50: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-00025d60: 646f 6d61 696e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e domain, Prev: n\n-00025d70: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f63 et__c\n-00025d80: 6c69 656e 7475 7569 642c 2020 5570 3a20 lientuuid, Up: \n-00025d90: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n-00025da0: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n-00025db0: 352e 312e 3236 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5.1.26 net__dhcp_serv\n-00025dd0: 6572 5f6e 616d 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d er_name.--------\n+00025cf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 -----..*Note Net\n+00025d00: 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a work::.....File:\n+00025d10: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00025d20: 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 e: net__dhcp_server_n\n+00025d40: 616d 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f ame, Next: net_\n+00025d50: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 646f 6d61 _doma\n+00025d60: 696e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c in, Prev: net_<\n+00025d70: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f63 6c69 656e INTERFACE>_clien\n+00025d80: 7475 7569 642c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 tuuid, Up: Spec\n+00025d90: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n+00025da0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n+00025db0: 3236 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 26 net__dhcp_server_n\n+00025dd0: 616d 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ame.------------\n 00025de0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025df0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025e00: 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a ..*Note Network:\n-00025e10: 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 :.....File: grub\n-00025e20: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .info, Node: ne\n-00025e30: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 646f t__do\n-00025e40: 6d61 696e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 main, Next: net\n-00025e50: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f65 7874 __ext\n-00025e60: 656e 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 682c 2020 5072 ensionspath, Pr\n-00025e70: 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 ev: net__dhcp_server_\n-00025e90: 6e61 6d65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 name, Up: Speci\n-00025ea0: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n-00025eb0: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 ariables..15.1.2\n-00025ec0: 3720 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 7 net__domain.-------\n+00025df0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e ------------..*N\n+00025e00: 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a ote Network::...\n+00025e10: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00025e20: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 o, Node: net__domain\n+00025e40: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Next: net__extensi\n+00025e60: 6f6e 7370 6174 682c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 onspath, Prev: \n+00025e70: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+00025e80: 6468 6370 5f73 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 dhcp_server_name\n+00025e90: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n+00025ea0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00025eb0: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3720 6e65 bles..15.1.27 ne\n+00025ec0: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 646f t__do\n+00025ed0: 6d61 696e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d main.-----------\n 00025ee0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025ef0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e -------..*Note N\n-00025f00: 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c etwork::.....Fil\n-00025f10: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00025f20: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ode: net__extensionsp\n-00025f40: 6174 682c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f ath, Next: net_\n-00025f50: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 686f 7374 _host\n-00025f60: 6e61 6d65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 name, Prev: net\n-00025f70: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 6f6d __dom\n-00025f80: 6169 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 ain, Up: Specia\n-00025f90: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n-00025fa0: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3238 riables..15.1.28\n-00025fb0: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n-00025fc0: 5f65 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 680a _extensionspath.\n+00025ef0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f ---..*Note Netwo\n+00025f00: 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 rk::.....File: g\n+00025f10: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00025f20: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n+00025f30: 5f65 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 682c _extensionspath,\n+00025f40: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Next: net__hostname\n+00025f60: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Prev: net__domain,\n+00025f80: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n+00025f90: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00025fa0: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3238 206e 6574 les..15.1.28 net\n+00025fb0: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f65 7874 __ext\n+00025fc0: 656e 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 680a 2d2d 2d2d ensionspath.----\n 00025fd0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 00025fe0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025ff0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 ------..*Note Ne\n-00026000: 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 twork::.....File\n-00026010: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00026020: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 de: net__hostname, N\n-00026040: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ext: net__ip, Prev: \n-00026060: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-00026070: 6578 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 7061 7468 2c20 extensionspath, \n-00026080: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-00026090: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-000260a0: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3920 6e65 745f es..15.1.29 net_\n-000260b0: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 686f 7374 _host\n-000260c0: 6e61 6d65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d name.-----------\n+00025ff0: 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 --..*Note Networ\n+00026000: 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 k::.....File: gr\n+00026010: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00026020: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+00026030: 686f 7374 6e61 6d65 2c20 204e 6578 743a hostname, Next:\n+00026040: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n+00026050: 5f69 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f _ip, Prev: net_\n+00026060: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6578 7465 _exte\n+00026070: 6e73 696f 6e73 7061 7468 2c20 2055 703a nsionspath, Up:\n+00026080: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n+00026090: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n+000260a0: 3135 2e31 2e32 3920 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 15.1.29 net__hostname\n+000260c0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n 000260d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000260e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 -----..*Note Net\n-000260f0: 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a work::.....File:\n-00026100: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00026110: 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 e: net__ip, Next: ne\n-00026130: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6d61 t__ma\n-00026140: 632c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 c, Prev: net__hostna\n-00026160: 6d65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c me, Up: Special\n-00026170: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-00026180: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3020 iables..15.1.30 \n-00026190: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-000261a0: 6970 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ip.-------------\n-000261b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a -------------..*\n-000261c0: 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a Note Network::..\n-000261d0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-000261e0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c fo, Node: net_<\n-000261f0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6d 6163 2c20 INTERFACE>_mac, \n-00026200: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Next: net__next_serv\n-00026220: 6572 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c er, Prev: net_<\n-00026230: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f69 702c 2020 INTERFACE>_ip, \n-00026240: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n-00026250: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-00026260: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3331 206e 6574 5f3c s..15.1.31 net_<\n-00026270: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6d 6163 0a2d INTERFACE>_mac.-\n+000260e0: 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b -..*Note Network\n+000260f0: 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ::.....File: gru\n+00026100: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n+00026110: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f69 et__i\n+00026120: 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 p, Next: net__mac, \n+00026140: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Prev: net__hostname, \n+00026160: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n+00026170: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+00026180: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3020 6e65 745f es..15.1.30 net_\n+00026190: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6970 0a2d _ip.-\n+000261a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+000261b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 ---------..*Note\n+000261c0: 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 Network::.....F\n+000261d0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+000261e0: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Node: net__mac, Nex\n+00026200: 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 t: net__next_server, \n+00026220: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Prev: net__ip, Up: \n+00026240: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n+00026250: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n+00026260: 352e 312e 3331 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5.1.31 net__mac.-----\n 00026280: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026290: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 ----------..*Not\n-000262a0: 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a e Network::.....\n-000262b0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-000262c0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Node: net__next_ser\n-000262e0: 7665 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f ver, Next: net_\n-000262f0: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 726f 6f74 _root\n-00026300: 7061 7468 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 path, Prev: net\n-00026310: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6d 6163 __mac\n-00026320: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n-00026330: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-00026340: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3220 6e65 bles..15.1.32 ne\n-00026350: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6e65 t__ne\n-00026360: 7874 5f73 6572 7665 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d xt_server.------\n+00026290: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 ------..*Note Ne\n+000262a0: 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 twork::.....File\n+000262b0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+000262c0: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 de: net__next_server,\n+000262e0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Next: net__rootpath\n+00026300: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Prev: net__mac, U\n+00026320: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n+00026330: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+00026340: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3220 6e65 745f 3c49 ..15.1.32 net__next_s\n+00026360: 6572 7665 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d erver.----------\n 00026370: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026380: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a -------------..*\n-00026390: 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a Note Network::..\n-000263a0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-000263b0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c fo, Node: net_<\n-000263c0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f72 6f6f 7470 INTERFACE>_rootp\n-000263d0: 6174 682c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f ath, Next: net_\n-000263e0: 6465 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 default_interfac\n-000263f0: 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 e, Prev: net__next_s\n-00026410: 6572 7665 722c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 erver, Up: Spec\n-00026420: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n-00026430: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n-00026440: 3333 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 33 net__rootpath.----\n+00026380: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 ---------..*Note\n+00026390: 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 Network::.....F\n+000263a0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+000263b0: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Node: net__rootpath,\n+000263d0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 Next: net_defa\n+000263e0: 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 ult_interface, \n+000263f0: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Prev: net__next_serve\n+00026410: 722c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 r, Up: Special \n+00026420: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+00026430: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3333 206e ables..15.1.33 n\n+00026440: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f72 et__r\n+00026450: 6f6f 7470 6174 680a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ootpath.--------\n 00026460: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026470: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e ------------..*N\n-00026480: 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a ote Network::...\n-00026490: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-000264a0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 o, Node: net_de\n-000264b0: 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c fault_interface,\n-000264c0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 Next: net_defa\n-000264d0: 756c 745f 6970 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e ult_ip, Prev: n\n-000264e0: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f72 et__r\n-000264f0: 6f6f 7470 6174 682c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 ootpath, Up: Sp\n-00026500: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n-00026510: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n-00026520: 312e 3334 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 1.34 net_default\n-00026530: 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d _interface.-----\n+00026470: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 --------..*Note \n+00026480: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 Network::.....Fi\n+00026490: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+000264a0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c Node: net_defaul\n+000264b0: 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 4e65 t_interface, Ne\n+000264c0: 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f xt: net_default_\n+000264d0: 6970 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c ip, Prev: net_<\n+000264e0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f72 6f6f 7470 INTERFACE>_rootp\n+000264f0: 6174 682c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 ath, Up: Specia\n+00026500: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n+00026510: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3334 riables..15.1.34\n+00026520: 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 net_default_int\n+00026530: 6572 6661 6365 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d erface.---------\n 00026540: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026550: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 --------..*Note \n-00026560: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 Network::.....Fi\n-00026570: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00026580: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c Node: net_defaul\n-00026590: 745f 6970 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 t_ip, Next: net\n-000265a0: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 2c20 2050 _default_mac, P\n-000265b0: 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 rev: net_default\n-000265c0: 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 2055 703a _interface, Up:\n-000265d0: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n-000265e0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n-000265f0: 3135 2e31 2e33 3520 6e65 745f 6465 6661 15.1.35 net_defa\n-00026600: 756c 745f 6970 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ult_ip.---------\n-00026610: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a -------------..*\n-00026620: 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a Note Network::..\n-00026630: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00026640: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 fo, Node: net_d\n-00026650: 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 2c20 204e 6578 efault_mac, Nex\n-00026660: 743a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 t: net_default_s\n-00026670: 6572 7665 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 erver, Prev: ne\n-00026680: 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6970 2c20 2055 t_default_ip, U\n-00026690: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n-000266a0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-000266b0: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3620 6e65 745f 6465 ..15.1.36 net_de\n-000266c0: 6661 756c 745f 6d61 630a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d fault_mac.------\n-000266d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000266e0: 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b -..*Note Network\n-000266f0: 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ::.....File: gru\n-00026700: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n-00026710: 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 et_default_serve\n-00026720: 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7061 6765 722c r, Next: pager,\n-00026730: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 Prev: net_defa\n-00026740: 756c 745f 6d61 632c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 ult_mac, Up: Sp\n-00026750: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n-00026760: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n-00026770: 312e 3337 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 1.37 net_default\n-00026780: 5f73 6572 7665 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _server.--------\n-00026790: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000267a0: 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 --..*Note Networ\n-000267b0: 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 k::.....File: gr\n-000267c0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-000267d0: 7061 6765 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7072 pager, Next: pr\n-000267e0: 6566 6978 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 efix, Prev: net\n-000267f0: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 722c _default_server,\n-00026800: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n-00026810: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-00026820: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3338 2070 6167 les..15.1.38 pag\n-00026830: 6572 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d er.-------------\n-00026840: 0a0a 4966 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9831 ..If set to ...1\n-00026850: e280 992c 2070 6175 7365 206f 7574 7075 ..., pause outpu\n-00026860: 7420 6166 7465 7220 6561 6368 2073 6372 t after each scr\n-00026870: 6565 6e66 756c 2061 6e64 2077 6169 7420 eenful and wait \n-00026880: 666f 7220 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 0a69 6e70 for keyboard.inp\n-00026890: 7574 2e20 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 ut. The default\n-000268a0: 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 746f 2070 6175 7365 is not to pause\n-000268b0: 206f 7574 7075 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 output.....File\n-000268c0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-000268d0: 6465 3a20 7072 6566 6978 2c20 204e 6578 de: prefix, Nex\n-000268e0: 743a 2070 7865 5f62 6c6b 7369 7a65 2c20 t: pxe_blksize, \n-000268f0: 2050 7265 763a 2070 6167 6572 2c20 2055 Prev: pager, U\n-00026900: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n-00026910: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-00026920: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3920 7072 6566 6978 ..15.1.39 prefix\n-00026930: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a .--------------.\n-00026940: 0a54 6865 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 .The location of\n-00026950: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 the .../boot/gr\n-00026960: 7562 e280 9920 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 ub... directory \n-00026970: 6173 2061 6e20 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2066 as an absolute f\n-00026980: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 ile name.(*note \n-00026990: 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 File name syntax\n-000269a0: 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6e6f ::). This is no\n-000269b0: 726d 616c 6c79 2073 6574 2062 7920 4752 rmally set by GR\n-000269c0: 5542 2061 7420 7374 6172 7475 700a 6261 UB at startup.ba\n-000269d0: 7365 6420 6f6e 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 sed on informati\n-000269e0: 6f6e 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 20e2 on provided by .\n-000269f0: 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 ..grub-install..\n-00026a00: 992e 2020 4752 5542 206d 6f64 756c 6573 .. GRUB modules\n-00026a10: 2061 7265 0a64 796e 616d 6963 616c 6c79 are.dynamically\n-00026a20: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6869 loaded from thi\n-00026a30: 7320 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792c 2073 6f20 s directory, so \n-00026a40: 6974 206d 7573 7420 6265 2073 6574 2063 it must be set c\n-00026a50: 6f72 7265 6374 6c79 2069 6e0a 6f72 6465 orrectly in.orde\n-00026a60: 7220 666f 7220 6d61 6e79 2070 6172 7473 r for many parts\n-00026a70: 206f 6620 4752 5542 2074 6f20 776f 726b of GRUB to work\n-00026a80: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00026a90: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 7865 info, Node: pxe\n-00026aa0: 5f62 6c6b 7369 7a65 2c20 204e 6578 743a _blksize, Next:\n-00026ab0: 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f67 6174 pxe_default_gat\n-00026ac0: 6577 6179 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 7265 eway, Prev: pre\n-00026ad0: 6669 782c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 fix, Up: Specia\n-00026ae0: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n-00026af0: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3430 riables..15.1.40\n-00026b00: 2070 7865 5f62 6c6b 7369 7a65 0a2d 2d2d pxe_blksize.---\n-00026b10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026b20: 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a ..*Note Network:\n-00026b30: 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 :.....File: grub\n-00026b40: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7078 .info, Node: px\n-00026b50: 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6761 7465 7761 e_default_gatewa\n-00026b60: 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7078 655f 6465 y, Next: pxe_de\n-00026b70: 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 2050 fault_server, P\n-00026b80: 7265 763a 2070 7865 5f62 6c6b 7369 7a65 rev: pxe_blksize\n-00026b90: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n-00026ba0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-00026bb0: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3120 7078 bles..15.1.41 px\n-00026bc0: 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6761 7465 7761 e_default_gatewa\n-00026bd0: 790a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d y.--------------\n-00026be0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a -------------..*\n-00026bf0: 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a Note Network::..\n-00026c00: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00026c10: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 7865 5f64 fo, Node: pxe_d\n-00026c20: 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 722c 2020 efault_server, \n-00026c30: 4e65 7874 3a20 726f 6f74 2c20 2050 7265 Next: root, Pre\n-00026c40: 763a 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f67 v: pxe_default_g\n-00026c50: 6174 6577 6179 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 ateway, Up: Spe\n-00026c60: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n-00026c70: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n-00026c80: 2e34 3220 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f .42 pxe_default_\n-00026c90: 7365 7276 6572 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d server.---------\n-00026ca0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026cb0: 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b -..*Note Network\n-00026cc0: 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ::.....File: gru\n-00026cd0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2072 b.info, Node: r\n-00026ce0: 6f6f 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7368 696d oot, Next: shim\n-00026cf0: 5f6c 6f63 6b2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7078 _lock, Prev: px\n-00026d00: 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 e_default_server\n-00026d10: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n-00026d20: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-00026d30: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3320 726f bles..15.1.43 ro\n-00026d40: 6f74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ot.------------.\n-00026d50: 0a54 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 .The root device\n-00026d60: 206e 616d 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 2044 6576 name (*note Dev\n-00026d70: 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292e 2020 ice syntax::). \n-00026d80: 416e 7920 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6573 2074 Any file names t\n-00026d90: 6861 7420 646f 0a6e 6f74 2073 7065 6369 hat do.not speci\n-00026da0: 6679 2061 6e20 6578 706c 6963 6974 2064 fy an explicit d\n-00026db0: 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2061 7265 2072 evice name are r\n-00026dc0: 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6869 7320 6465 ead from this de\n-00026dd0: 7669 6365 2e20 2054 6865 0a64 6566 6175 vice. The.defau\n-00026de0: 6c74 2069 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2073 lt is normally s\n-00026df0: 6574 2062 7920 4752 5542 2061 7420 7374 et by GRUB at st\n-00026e00: 6172 7475 7020 6261 7365 6420 6f6e 2074 artup based on t\n-00026e10: 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 660a e280 9870 he value of....p\n-00026e20: 7265 6669 78e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 refix... (*note \n-00026e30: 7072 6566 6978 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2046 prefix::)... F\n-00026e40: 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 6966 2047 or example, if G\n-00026e50: 5255 4220 7761 7320 696e 7374 616c 6c65 RUB was installe\n-00026e60: 6420 746f 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 d to the first p\n-00026e70: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 650a artition of the.\n-00026e80: 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2c first hard disk,\n-00026e90: 2074 6865 6e20 e280 9870 7265 6669 78e2 then ...prefix.\n-00026ea0: 8099 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 7365 7420 .. might be set \n-00026eb0: 746f 20e2 8098 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 to ...(hd0,msdos\n-00026ec0: 3129 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 990a 1)/boot/grub....\n-00026ed0: 616e 6420 e280 9872 6f6f 74e2 8099 2074 and ...root... t\n-00026ee0: 6f20 e280 9868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 31e2 o ...hd0,msdos1.\n-00026ef0: 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 .......File: gru\n-00026f00: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 b.info, Node: s\n-00026f10: 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 2c20 204e 6578 743a him_lock, Next:\n-00026f20: 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 732c 2020 5072 superusers, Pr\n-00026f30: 6576 3a20 726f 6f74 2c20 2055 703a 2053 ev: root, Up: S\n-00026f40: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n-00026f50: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n-00026f60: 2e31 2e34 3420 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b0a .1.44 shim_lock.\n-00026f70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026f80: 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 -..If this varia\n-00026f90: 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 ble is set to ..\n-00026fa0: 9879 e280 992c 2069 7420 6d65 616e 7320 .y..., it means \n-00026fb0: 7468 6174 2074 6865 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f that the shim_lo\n-00026fc0: 636b 2076 6572 6966 6965 7220 6973 0a72 ck verifier is.r\n-00026fd0: 6567 6973 7465 7265 6420 2873 6565 202a egistered (see *\n-00026fe0: 6e6f 7465 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 note UEFI secure\n-00026ff0: 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7368 696d 3a3a boot and shim::\n-00027000: 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ).....File: grub\n-00027010: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7375 .info, Node: su\n-00027020: 7065 7275 7365 7273 2c20 204e 6578 743a perusers, Next:\n-00027030: 2074 6865 6d65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 theme, Prev: s\n-00027040: 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 2c20 2055 703a 2053 him_lock, Up: S\n-00027050: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n-00027060: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n-00027070: 2e31 2e34 3520 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 .1.45 superusers\n-00027080: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-00027090: 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 ---..This variab\n-000270a0: 6c65 206d 6179 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f le may be set to\n-000270b0: 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2073 7570 6572 a list of super\n-000270c0: 7573 6572 206e 616d 6573 2074 6f20 656e user names to en\n-000270d0: 6162 6c65 0a61 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 able.authenticat\n-000270e0: 696f 6e20 7375 7070 6f72 742e 2020 2a4e ion support. *N\n-000270f0: 6f74 6520 5365 6375 7269 7479 3a3a 2e0a ote Security::..\n-00027100: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00027110: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 6865 6d65 fo, Node: theme\n-00027120: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 696d 656f 7574 , Next: timeout\n-00027130: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 7570 6572 7573 , Prev: superus\n-00027140: 6572 732c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 ers, Up: Specia\n-00027150: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n-00027160: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3436 riables..15.1.46\n-00027170: 2074 6865 6d65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d theme.---------\n-00027180: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 ----..This varia\n-00027190: 626c 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2073 6574 2074 ble may be set t\n-000271a0: 6f20 6120 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 636f o a directory co\n-000271b0: 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 ntaining a GRUB \n-000271c0: 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 6d65 6e75 0a74 graphical menu.t\n-000271d0: 6865 6d65 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2054 6865 heme. *Note The\n-000271e0: 6d65 2066 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 3a3a me file format::\n-000271f0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 ... This varia\n-00027200: 626c 6520 6973 206f 6674 656e 2073 6574 ble is often set\n-00027210: 2062 7920 e280 9847 5255 425f 5448 454d by ...GRUB_THEM\n-00027220: 45e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 E... (*note Simp\n-00027230: 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e le.configuration\n-00027240: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ::).....File: gr\n-00027250: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00027260: 7469 6d65 6f75 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 timeout, Next: \n-00027270: 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 7374 796c 652c 2020 timeout_style, \n-00027280: 5072 6576 3a20 7468 656d 652c 2020 5570 Prev: theme, Up\n-00027290: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n-000272a0: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n-000272b0: 0a31 352e 312e 3437 2074 696d 656f 7574 .15.1.47 timeout\n-000272c0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-000272d0: 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 ..If this variab\n-000272e0: 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 7370 le is set, it sp\n-000272f0: 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 7469 6d65 ecifies the time\n-00027300: 2069 6e20 7365 636f 6e64 7320 746f 2077 in seconds to w\n-00027310: 6169 7420 666f 720a 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 ait for.keyboard\n-00027320: 2069 6e70 7574 2062 6566 6f72 6520 626f input before bo\n-00027330: 6f74 696e 6720 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c oting the defaul\n-00027340: 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 2041 t menu entry. A\n-00027350: 2074 696d 656f 7574 206f 6620 e280 9830 timeout of ...0\n-00027360: e280 990a 6d65 616e 7320 746f 2062 6f6f ....means to boo\n-00027370: 7420 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e t the default en\n-00027380: 7472 7920 696d 6d65 6469 6174 656c 7920 try immediately \n-00027390: 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6469 7370 6c61 7969 without displayi\n-000273a0: 6e67 2074 6865 206d 656e 753b 0a61 2074 ng the menu;.a t\n-000273b0: 696d 656f 7574 206f 6620 e280 982d 31e2 imeout of ...-1.\n-000273c0: 8099 2028 6f72 2075 6e73 6574 2920 6d65 .. (or unset) me\n-000273d0: 616e 7320 746f 2077 6169 7420 696e 6465 ans to wait inde\n-000273e0: 6669 6e69 7465 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 finitely... If\n-000273f0: 20e2 8098 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 7374 796c ...timeout_styl\n-00027400: 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7469 6d65 e... (*note time\n-00027410: 6f75 745f 7374 796c 653a 3a29 2069 7320 out_style::) is \n-00027420: 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 636f 756e 7464 set to ...countd\n-00027430: 6f77 6ee2 8099 206f 720a e280 9868 6964 own... or....hid\n-00027440: 6465 6ee2 8099 2c20 7468 6520 7469 6d65 den..., the time\n-00027450: 6f75 7420 6973 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2063 out is instead c\n-00027460: 6f75 6e74 6564 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7468 ounted before th\n-00027470: 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 7320 6469 7370 6c61 e menu is displa\n-00027480: 7965 642e 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7661 yed... This va\n-00027490: 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 riable is often \n-000274a0: 7365 7420 6279 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 set by ...GRUB_T\n-000274b0: 494d 454f 5554 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 IMEOUT... (*note\n-000274c0: 2053 696d 706c 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 Simple.configur\n-000274d0: 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ation::).....Fil\n-000274e0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-000274f0: 6f64 653a 2074 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 ode: timeout_sty\n-00027500: 6c65 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 706d 5f66 le, Next: tpm_f\n-00027510: 6169 6c5f 6661 7461 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 ail_fatal, Prev\n-00027520: 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 742c 2020 5570 3a20 : timeout, Up: \n-00027530: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n-00027540: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n-00027550: 352e 312e 3438 2074 696d 656f 7574 5f73 5.1.48 timeout_s\n-00027560: 7479 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d tyle.-----------\n-00027570: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 ----------..This\n-00027580: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6d61 7920 6265 variable may be\n-00027590: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 986d 656e 75e2 set to ...menu.\n-000275a0: 8099 2c20 e280 9863 6f75 6e74 646f 776e .., ...countdown\n-000275b0: e280 992c 206f 7220 e280 9868 6964 6465 ..., or ...hidde\n-000275c0: 6ee2 8099 2074 6f20 636f 6e74 726f 6c0a n... to control.\n-000275d0: 7468 6520 7761 7920 696e 2077 6869 6368 the way in which\n-000275e0: 2074 6865 2074 696d 656f 7574 2028 2a6e the timeout (*n\n-000275f0: 6f74 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 743a 3a29 2069 ote timeout::) i\n-00027600: 6e74 6572 6163 7473 2077 6974 6820 6469 nteracts with di\n-00027610: 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 0a74 6865 206d 656e splaying.the men\n-00027620: 752e 2020 5365 6520 7468 6520 646f 6375 u. See the docu\n-00027630: 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 20e2 8098 mentation of ...\n-00027640: 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 GRUB_TIMEOUT_STY\n-00027650: 4c45 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d LE... (*note Sim\n-00027660: 706c 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ple.configuratio\n-00027670: 6e3a 3a29 2066 6f72 2064 6574 6169 6c73 n::) for details\n-00027680: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00027690: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 706d info, Node: tpm\n-000276a0: 5f66 6169 6c5f 6661 7461 6c2c 2020 5072 _fail_fatal, Pr\n-000276b0: 6576 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 7374 796c ev: timeout_styl\n-000276c0: 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 e, Up: Special \n-000276d0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-000276e0: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3439 2074 ables..15.1.49 t\n-000276f0: 706d 5f66 6169 6c5f 6661 7461 6c0a 2d2d pm_fail_fatal.--\n+00026550: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 ----..*Note Netw\n+00026560: 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ork::.....File: \n+00026570: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00026580: 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6970 : net_default_ip\n+00026590: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 , Next: net_def\n+000265a0: 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 2c20 2050 7265 763a ault_mac, Prev:\n+000265b0: 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 net_default_int\n+000265c0: 6572 6661 6365 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 erface, Up: Spe\n+000265d0: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n+000265e0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n+000265f0: 2e33 3520 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f .35 net_default_\n+00026600: 6970 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ip.-------------\n+00026610: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 ---------..*Note\n+00026620: 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 Network::.....F\n+00026630: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00026640: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 Node: net_defau\n+00026650: 6c74 5f6d 6163 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e lt_mac, Next: n\n+00026660: 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 et_default_serve\n+00026670: 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 r, Prev: net_de\n+00026680: 6661 756c 745f 6970 2c20 2055 703a 2053 fault_ip, Up: S\n+00026690: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n+000266a0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n+000266b0: 2e31 2e33 3620 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c .1.36 net_defaul\n+000266c0: 745f 6d61 630a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t_mac.----------\n+000266d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a -------------..*\n+000266e0: 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a Note Network::..\n+000266f0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00026700: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 fo, Node: net_d\n+00026710: 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 722c 2020 efault_server, \n+00026720: 4e65 7874 3a20 7061 6765 722c 2020 5072 Next: pager, Pr\n+00026730: 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f ev: net_default_\n+00026740: 6d61 632c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 mac, Up: Specia\n+00026750: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n+00026760: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3337 riables..15.1.37\n+00026770: 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 net_default_ser\n+00026780: 7665 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ver.------------\n+00026790: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+000267a0: 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e *Note Network::.\n+000267b0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+000267c0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 6765 nfo, Node: page\n+000267d0: 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7072 6566 6978 r, Next: prefix\n+000267e0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 , Prev: net_def\n+000267f0: 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 722c 2020 5570 ault_server, Up\n+00026800: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n+00026810: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n+00026820: 0a31 352e 312e 3338 2070 6167 6572 0a2d .15.1.38 pager.-\n+00026830: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 ------------..If\n+00026840: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9831 e280 992c set to ...1...,\n+00026850: 2070 6175 7365 206f 7574 7075 7420 6166 pause output af\n+00026860: 7465 7220 6561 6368 2073 6372 6565 6e66 ter each screenf\n+00026870: 756c 2061 6e64 2077 6169 7420 666f 7220 ul and wait for \n+00026880: 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 0a69 6e70 7574 2e20 keyboard.input. \n+00026890: 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 The default is \n+000268a0: 6e6f 7420 746f 2070 6175 7365 206f 7574 not to pause out\n+000268b0: 7075 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 put.....File: gr\n+000268c0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+000268d0: 7072 6566 6978 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 prefix, Next: p\n+000268e0: 7865 5f62 6c6b 7369 7a65 2c20 2050 7265 xe_blksize, Pre\n+000268f0: 763a 2070 6167 6572 2c20 2055 703a 2053 v: pager, Up: S\n+00026900: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n+00026910: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n+00026920: 2e31 2e33 3920 7072 6566 6978 0a2d 2d2d .1.39 prefix.---\n+00026930: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6865 -----------..The\n+00026940: 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 location of the\n+00026950: 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 .../boot/grub..\n+00026960: 9920 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6173 2061 . directory as a\n+00026970: 6e20 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2066 696c 6520 n absolute file \n+00026980: 6e61 6d65 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 name.(*note File\n+00026990: 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292e name syntax::).\n+000269a0: 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6e6f 726d 616c This is normal\n+000269b0: 6c79 2073 6574 2062 7920 4752 5542 2061 ly set by GRUB a\n+000269c0: 7420 7374 6172 7475 700a 6261 7365 6420 t startup.based \n+000269d0: 6f6e 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2070 on information p\n+000269e0: 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 20e2 8098 6772 rovided by ...gr\n+000269f0: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 992e 2020 ub-install.... \n+00026a00: 4752 5542 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2061 7265 GRUB modules are\n+00026a10: 0a64 796e 616d 6963 616c 6c79 206c 6f61 .dynamically loa\n+00026a20: 6465 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6869 7320 6469 ded from this di\n+00026a30: 7265 6374 6f72 792c 2073 6f20 6974 206d rectory, so it m\n+00026a40: 7573 7420 6265 2073 6574 2063 6f72 7265 ust be set corre\n+00026a50: 6374 6c79 2069 6e0a 6f72 6465 7220 666f ctly in.order fo\n+00026a60: 7220 6d61 6e79 2070 6172 7473 206f 6620 r many parts of \n+00026a70: 4752 5542 2074 6f20 776f 726b 2e0a 0a1f GRUB to work....\n+00026a80: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00026a90: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 7865 5f62 6c6b , Node: pxe_blk\n+00026aa0: 7369 7a65 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 7865 size, Next: pxe\n+00026ab0: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f67 6174 6577 6179 _default_gateway\n+00026ac0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 7265 6669 782c , Prev: prefix,\n+00026ad0: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n+00026ae0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00026af0: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3430 2070 7865 les..15.1.40 pxe\n+00026b00: 5f62 6c6b 7369 7a65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _blksize.-------\n+00026b10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e ------------..*N\n+00026b20: 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a ote Network::...\n+00026b30: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00026b40: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7078 655f 6465 o, Node: pxe_de\n+00026b50: 6661 756c 745f 6761 7465 7761 792c 2020 fault_gateway, \n+00026b60: 4e65 7874 3a20 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c Next: pxe_defaul\n+00026b70: 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 2050 7265 763a t_server, Prev:\n+00026b80: 2070 7865 5f62 6c6b 7369 7a65 2c20 2055 pxe_blksize, U\n+00026b90: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n+00026ba0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+00026bb0: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3120 7078 655f 6465 ..15.1.41 pxe_de\n+00026bc0: 6661 756c 745f 6761 7465 7761 790a 2d2d fault_gateway.--\n+00026bd0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00026be0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 ---------..*Note\n+00026bf0: 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 Network::.....F\n+00026c00: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00026c10: 204e 6f64 653a 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 Node: pxe_defau\n+00026c20: 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 722c 2020 4e65 7874 lt_server, Next\n+00026c30: 3a20 726f 6f74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 : root, Prev: p\n+00026c40: 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f67 6174 6577 xe_default_gatew\n+00026c50: 6179 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c ay, Up: Special\n+00026c60: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+00026c70: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3220 iables..15.1.42 \n+00026c80: 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 pxe_default_serv\n+00026c90: 6572 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d er.-------------\n+00026ca0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a -------------..*\n+00026cb0: 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a Note Network::..\n+00026cc0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00026cd0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2072 6f6f 742c fo, Node: root,\n+00026ce0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 Next: shim_loc\n+00026cf0: 6b2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7078 655f 6465 k, Prev: pxe_de\n+00026d00: 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 2055 fault_server, U\n+00026d10: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n+00026d20: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+00026d30: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3320 726f 6f74 0a2d ..15.1.43 root.-\n+00026d40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6865 -----------..The\n+00026d50: 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d root device nam\n+00026d60: 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 2044 6576 6963 6520 e (*note Device \n+00026d70: 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292e 2020 416e 7920 syntax::). Any \n+00026d80: 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6573 2074 6861 7420 file names that \n+00026d90: 646f 0a6e 6f74 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 do.not specify a\n+00026da0: 6e20 6578 706c 6963 6974 2064 6576 6963 n explicit devic\n+00026db0: 6520 6e61 6d65 2061 7265 2072 6561 6420 e name are read \n+00026dc0: 6672 6f6d 2074 6869 7320 6465 7669 6365 from this device\n+00026dd0: 2e20 2054 6865 0a64 6566 6175 6c74 2069 . The.default i\n+00026de0: 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2073 6574 2062 s normally set b\n+00026df0: 7920 4752 5542 2061 7420 7374 6172 7475 y GRUB at startu\n+00026e00: 7020 6261 7365 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2076 p based on the v\n+00026e10: 616c 7565 206f 660a e280 9870 7265 6669 alue of....prefi\n+00026e20: 78e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7072 6566 x... (*note pref\n+00026e30: 6978 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2065 ix::)... For e\n+00026e40: 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 6966 2047 5255 4220 xample, if GRUB \n+00026e50: 7761 7320 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 746f was installed to\n+00026e60: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 the first parti\n+00026e70: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 650a 6669 7273 tion of the.firs\n+00026e80: 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2c 2074 6865 t hard disk, the\n+00026e90: 6e20 e280 9870 7265 6669 78e2 8099 206d n ...prefix... m\n+00026ea0: 6967 6874 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 20e2 ight be set to .\n+00026eb0: 8098 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 3129 2f62 ..(hd0,msdos1)/b\n+00026ec0: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 990a 616e 6420 oot/grub....and \n+00026ed0: e280 9872 6f6f 74e2 8099 2074 6f20 e280 ...root... to ..\n+00026ee0: 9868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 31e2 8099 2e0a .hd0,msdos1.....\n+00026ef0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00026f00: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6869 6d5f fo, Node: shim_\n+00026f10: 6c6f 636b 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 7570 lock, Next: sup\n+00026f20: 6572 7573 6572 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 erusers, Prev: \n+00026f30: 726f 6f74 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 root, Up: Speci\n+00026f40: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n+00026f50: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 ariables..15.1.4\n+00026f60: 3420 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b0a 2d2d 2d2d 4 shim_lock.----\n+00026f70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 -------------..I\n+00026f80: 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 f this variable \n+00026f90: 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9879 e280 is set to ...y..\n+00026fa0: 992c 2069 7420 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 ., it means that\n+00026fb0: 2074 6865 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 2076 the shim_lock v\n+00026fc0: 6572 6966 6965 7220 6973 0a72 6567 6973 erifier is.regis\n+00026fd0: 7465 7265 6420 2873 6565 202a 6e6f 7465 tered (see *note\n+00026fe0: 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f UEFI secure boo\n+00026ff0: 7420 616e 6420 7368 696d 3a3a 292e 0a0a t and shim::)...\n+00027000: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00027010: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7375 7065 7275 o, Node: superu\n+00027020: 7365 7273 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 6865 sers, Next: the\n+00027030: 6d65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 6869 6d5f me, Prev: shim_\n+00027040: 6c6f 636b 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 lock, Up: Speci\n+00027050: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n+00027060: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 ariables..15.1.4\n+00027070: 3520 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 0a2d 2d2d 5 superusers.---\n+00027080: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00027090: 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206d .This variable m\n+000270a0: 6179 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 2061 206c ay be set to a l\n+000270b0: 6973 7420 6f66 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 ist of superuser\n+000270c0: 206e 616d 6573 2074 6f20 656e 6162 6c65 names to enable\n+000270d0: 0a61 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 .authentication \n+000270e0: 7375 7070 6f72 742e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 support. *Note \n+000270f0: 5365 6375 7269 7479 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 Security::.....F\n+00027100: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00027110: 204e 6f64 653a 2074 6865 6d65 2c20 204e Node: theme, N\n+00027120: 6578 743a 2074 696d 656f 7574 2c20 2050 ext: timeout, P\n+00027130: 7265 763a 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 732c rev: superusers,\n+00027140: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n+00027150: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00027160: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3436 2074 6865 les..15.1.46 the\n+00027170: 6d65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d me.-------------\n+00027180: 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 ..This variable \n+00027190: 6d61 7920 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 6120 may be set to a \n+000271a0: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 636f 6e74 6169 directory contai\n+000271b0: 6e69 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 6772 6170 ning a GRUB grap\n+000271c0: 6869 6361 6c20 6d65 6e75 0a74 6865 6d65 hical menu.theme\n+000271d0: 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2054 6865 6d65 2066 . *Note Theme f\n+000271e0: 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 ile format::... \n+000271f0: 2020 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 This variable \n+00027200: 6973 206f 6674 656e 2073 6574 2062 7920 is often set by \n+00027210: e280 9847 5255 425f 5448 454d 45e2 8099 ...GRUB_THEME...\n+00027220: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 0a63 (*note Simple.c\n+00027230: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e onfiguration::).\n+00027240: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00027250: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7469 6d65 nfo, Node: time\n+00027260: 6f75 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7469 6d65 out, Next: time\n+00027270: 6f75 745f 7374 796c 652c 2020 5072 6576 out_style, Prev\n+00027280: 3a20 7468 656d 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 : theme, Up: Sp\n+00027290: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n+000272a0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n+000272b0: 312e 3437 2074 696d 656f 7574 0a2d 2d2d 1.47 timeout.---\n+000272c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 ------------..If\n+000272d0: 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 this variable i\n+000272e0: 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 7370 6563 6966 s set, it specif\n+000272f0: 6965 7320 7468 6520 7469 6d65 2069 6e20 ies the time in \n+00027300: 7365 636f 6e64 7320 746f 2077 6169 7420 seconds to wait \n+00027310: 666f 720a 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2069 6e70 for.keyboard inp\n+00027320: 7574 2062 6566 6f72 6520 626f 6f74 696e ut before bootin\n+00027330: 6720 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6d65 g the default me\n+00027340: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 2041 2074 696d nu entry. A tim\n+00027350: 656f 7574 206f 6620 e280 9830 e280 990a eout of ...0....\n+00027360: 6d65 616e 7320 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 7468 means to boot th\n+00027370: 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 7920 e default entry \n+00027380: 696d 6d65 6469 6174 656c 7920 7769 7468 immediately with\n+00027390: 6f75 7420 6469 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 2074 out displaying t\n+000273a0: 6865 206d 656e 753b 0a61 2074 696d 656f he menu;.a timeo\n+000273b0: 7574 206f 6620 e280 982d 31e2 8099 2028 ut of ...-1... (\n+000273c0: 6f72 2075 6e73 6574 2920 6d65 616e 7320 or unset) means \n+000273d0: 746f 2077 6169 7420 696e 6465 6669 6e69 to wait indefini\n+000273e0: 7465 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 20e2 8098 tely... If ...\n+000273f0: 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 7374 796c 65e2 8099 timeout_style...\n+00027400: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 745f (*note timeout_\n+00027410: 7374 796c 653a 3a29 2069 7320 7365 7420 style::) is set \n+00027420: 746f 20e2 8098 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 to ...countdown.\n+00027430: 8099 206f 720a e280 9868 6964 6465 6ee2 .. or....hidden.\n+00027440: 8099 2c20 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 .., the timeout \n+00027450: 6973 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2063 6f75 6e74 is instead count\n+00027460: 6564 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7468 6520 6d65 ed before the me\n+00027470: 6e75 2069 7320 6469 7370 6c61 7965 642e nu is displayed.\n+00027480: 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 .. This variab\n+00027490: 6c65 2069 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 7365 7420 le is often set \n+000274a0: 6279 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f by ...GRUB_TIMEO\n+000274b0: 5554 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d UT... (*note Sim\n+000274c0: 706c 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ple.configuratio\n+000274d0: 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 n::).....File: g\n+000274e0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+000274f0: 2074 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 2c20 timeout_style, \n+00027500: 204e 6578 743a 2074 706d 5f66 6169 6c5f Next: tpm_fail_\n+00027510: 6661 7461 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7469 fatal, Prev: ti\n+00027520: 6d65 6f75 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 meout, Up: Spec\n+00027530: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n+00027540: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n+00027550: 3438 2074 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 48 timeout_style\n+00027560: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+00027570: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 ------..This var\n+00027580: 6961 626c 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2073 6574 iable may be set\n+00027590: 2074 6f20 e280 986d 656e 75e2 8099 2c20 to ...menu..., \n+000275a0: e280 9863 6f75 6e74 646f 776e e280 992c ...countdown...,\n+000275b0: 206f 7220 e280 9868 6964 6465 6ee2 8099 or ...hidden...\n+000275c0: 2074 6f20 636f 6e74 726f 6c0a 7468 6520 to control.the \n+000275d0: 7761 7920 696e 2077 6869 6368 2074 6865 way in which the\n+000275e0: 2074 696d 656f 7574 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 timeout (*note \n+000275f0: 7469 6d65 6f75 743a 3a29 2069 6e74 6572 timeout::) inter\n+00027600: 6163 7473 2077 6974 6820 6469 7370 6c61 acts with displa\n+00027610: 7969 6e67 0a74 6865 206d 656e 752e 2020 ying.the menu. \n+00027620: 5365 6520 7468 6520 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 See the document\n+00027630: 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 20e2 8098 4752 5542 ation of ...GRUB\n+00027640: 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 e280 _TIMEOUT_STYLE..\n+00027650: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c 650a . (*note Simple.\n+00027660: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 configuration::)\n+00027670: 2066 6f72 2064 6574 6169 6c73 2e0a 0a1f for details....\n+00027680: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00027690: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 706d 5f66 6169 , Node: tpm_fai\n+000276a0: 6c5f 6661 7461 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 l_fatal, Prev: \n+000276b0: 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 7374 796c 652c 2020 timeout_style, \n+000276c0: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n+000276d0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+000276e0: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3439 2074 706d 5f66 s..15.1.49 tpm_f\n+000276f0: 6169 6c5f 6661 7461 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ail_fatal.------\n 00027700: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00027710: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 ----..If this va\n-00027720: 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 7420 616e riable is set an\n-00027730: 6420 7472 7565 2028 692e 652e 2c20 6e6f d true (i.e., no\n-00027740: 7420 7365 7420 746f 2022 3022 2c20 2266 t set to \"0\", \"f\n-00027750: 616c 7365 222c 0a22 6469 7361 626c 6522 alse\",.\"disable\"\n-00027760: 2c20 6f72 2022 6e6f 2229 2c20 5450 4d20 , or \"no\"), TPM \n-00027770: 6d65 6173 7572 656d 656e 7473 2074 6861 measurements tha\n-00027780: 7420 6661 696c 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2074 t fail will be t\n-00027790: 7265 6174 6564 2061 730a 6661 7461 6c2e reated as.fatal.\n-000277a0: 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 2074 6865 Otherwise, the\n-000277b0: 7920 7769 6c6c 206d 6572 656c 7920 6265 y will merely be\n-000277c0: 2064 6562 7567 2d6c 6f67 6765 6420 616e debug-logged an\n-000277d0: 6420 626f 6f74 2077 696c 6c0a 636f 6e74 d boot will.cont\n-000277e0: 696e 7565 2e0a 0a20 2020 4361 6c6c 2074 inue... Call t\n-000277f0: 6f20 4546 4920 6669 726d 7761 7265 2c20 o EFI firmware, \n-00027800: 6c69 6b65 2068 6173 685f 6c6f 675f 6578 like hash_log_ex\n-00027810: 7465 6e64 5f65 7665 6e74 2829 2c20 6361 tend_event(), ca\n-00027820: 6e20 7265 7475 726e 2061 6e0a 756e 6b6e n return an.unkn\n-00027830: 6f77 6e20 6572 726f 722c 2069 2e65 2e20 own error, i.e. \n-00027840: 2064 7565 2074 6f20 6275 6720 7072 6573 due to bug pres\n-00027850: 656e 7420 696e 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e ent in firmware.\n-00027860: 2020 5768 656e 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 When this vari\n-00027870: 6162 6c65 0a69 7320 7365 7420 616e 6420 able.is set and \n-00027880: 7472 7565 2028 7361 6d65 2076 616c 7565 true (same value\n-00027890: 7320 6173 2077 6974 6820 5450 4d20 6d65 s as with TPM me\n-000278a0: 6173 7572 656d 656e 7473 2920 7468 6973 asurements) this\n-000278b0: 2073 6974 7561 7469 6f6e 0a77 696c 6c20 situation.will \n-000278c0: 6265 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 7265 6420 746f be considered to\n-000278d0: 2062 6520 6661 7461 6c20 616e 6420 6572 be fatal and er\n-000278e0: 726f 722d 6c6f 6767 6564 2061 7320 2275 ror-logged as \"u\n-000278f0: 6e6b 6e6f 776e 2054 504d 2065 7272 6f72 nknown TPM error\n-00027900: 222e 0a49 6620 6e6f 7420 7365 742c 2062 \"..If not set, b\n-00027910: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2074 6865 204f 5320 7769 ooting the OS wi\n-00027920: 6c6c 2062 6520 656e 6162 6c65 642e 0a0a ll be enabled...\n-00027930: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00027940: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 456e 7669 726f o, Node: Enviro\n-00027950: 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b2c 2020 5072 nment block, Pr\n-00027960: 6576 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 ev: Special envi\n-00027970: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-00027980: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 456e 7669 726f 6e6d s, Up: Environm\n-00027990: 656e 740a 0a31 352e 3220 5468 6520 4752 ent..15.2 The GR\n-000279a0: 5542 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 UB environment b\n-000279b0: 6c6f 636b 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d lock.===========\n+00027710: 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 ..If this variab\n+00027720: 6c65 2069 7320 7365 7420 616e 6420 7472 le is set and tr\n+00027730: 7565 2028 692e 652e 2c20 6e6f 7420 7365 ue (i.e., not se\n+00027740: 7420 746f 2022 3022 2c20 2266 616c 7365 t to \"0\", \"false\n+00027750: 222c 0a22 6469 7361 626c 6522 2c20 6f72 \",.\"disable\", or\n+00027760: 2022 6e6f 2229 2c20 5450 4d20 6d65 6173 \"no\"), TPM meas\n+00027770: 7572 656d 656e 7473 2074 6861 7420 6661 urements that fa\n+00027780: 696c 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2074 7265 6174 il will be treat\n+00027790: 6564 2061 730a 6661 7461 6c2e 2020 4f74 ed as.fatal. Ot\n+000277a0: 6865 7277 6973 652c 2074 6865 7920 7769 herwise, they wi\n+000277b0: 6c6c 206d 6572 656c 7920 6265 2064 6562 ll merely be deb\n+000277c0: 7567 2d6c 6f67 6765 6420 616e 6420 626f ug-logged and bo\n+000277d0: 6f74 2077 696c 6c0a 636f 6e74 696e 7565 ot will.continue\n+000277e0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4361 6c6c 2074 6f20 4546 ... Call to EF\n+000277f0: 4920 6669 726d 7761 7265 2c20 6c69 6b65 I firmware, like\n+00027800: 2068 6173 685f 6c6f 675f 6578 7465 6e64 hash_log_extend\n+00027810: 5f65 7665 6e74 2829 2c20 6361 6e20 7265 _event(), can re\n+00027820: 7475 726e 2061 6e0a 756e 6b6e 6f77 6e20 turn an.unknown \n+00027830: 6572 726f 722c 2069 2e65 2e20 2064 7565 error, i.e. due\n+00027840: 2074 6f20 6275 6720 7072 6573 656e 7420 to bug present \n+00027850: 696e 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e 2020 5768 in firmware. Wh\n+00027860: 656e 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 en this variable\n+00027870: 0a69 7320 7365 7420 616e 6420 7472 7565 .is set and true\n+00027880: 2028 7361 6d65 2076 616c 7565 7320 6173 (same values as\n+00027890: 2077 6974 6820 5450 4d20 6d65 6173 7572 with TPM measur\n+000278a0: 656d 656e 7473 2920 7468 6973 2073 6974 ements) this sit\n+000278b0: 7561 7469 6f6e 0a77 696c 6c20 6265 2063 uation.will be c\n+000278c0: 6f6e 7369 6465 7265 6420 746f 2062 6520 onsidered to be \n+000278d0: 6661 7461 6c20 616e 6420 6572 726f 722d fatal and error-\n+000278e0: 6c6f 6767 6564 2061 7320 2275 6e6b 6e6f logged as \"unkno\n+000278f0: 776e 2054 504d 2065 7272 6f72 222e 0a49 wn TPM error\"..I\n+00027900: 6620 6e6f 7420 7365 742c 2062 6f6f 7469 f not set, booti\n+00027910: 6e67 2074 6865 204f 5320 7769 6c6c 2062 ng the OS will b\n+00027920: 6520 656e 6162 6c65 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 e enabled.....Fi\n+00027930: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00027940: 4e6f 6465 3a20 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e Node: Environmen\n+00027950: 7420 626c 6f63 6b2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 t block, Prev: \n+00027960: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n+00027970: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 732c 2020 ent variables, \n+00027980: 5570 3a20 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 740a Up: Environment.\n+00027990: 0a31 352e 3220 5468 6520 4752 5542 2065 .15.2 The GRUB e\n+000279a0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b nvironment block\n+000279b0: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n 000279c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000279d0: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4974 2069 7320 6f66 7465 ====..It is ofte\n-000279e0: 6e20 7573 6566 756c 2074 6f20 6265 2061 n useful to be a\n-000279f0: 626c 6520 746f 2072 656d 656d 6265 7220 ble to remember \n-00027a00: 6120 736d 616c 6c20 616d 6f75 6e74 206f a small amount o\n-00027a10: 6620 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e0a 6672 f information.fr\n-00027a20: 6f6d 206f 6e65 2062 6f6f 7420 746f 2074 om one boot to t\n-00027a30: 6865 206e 6578 742e 2020 466f 7220 6578 he next. For ex\n-00027a40: 616d 706c 652c 2079 6f75 206d 6967 6874 ample, you might\n-00027a50: 2077 616e 7420 746f 2073 6574 2074 6865 want to set the\n-00027a60: 0a64 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 656e .default menu en\n-00027a70: 7472 7920 6261 7365 6420 6f6e 2077 6861 try based on wha\n-00027a80: 7420 7761 7320 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2074 t was selected t\n-00027a90: 6865 206c 6173 7420 7469 6d65 2e20 2047 he last time. G\n-00027aa0: 5255 420a 6465 6c69 6265 7261 7465 6c79 RUB.deliberately\n-00027ab0: 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 696d 706c 656d does not implem\n-00027ac0: 656e 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 666f 7220 ent support for \n-00027ad0: 7772 6974 696e 6720 6669 6c65 7320 696e writing files in\n-00027ae0: 206f 7264 6572 2074 6f0a 6d69 6e69 6d69 order to.minimi\n-00027af0: 7365 2074 6865 2070 6f73 7369 6269 6c69 se the possibili\n-00027b00: 7479 206f 6620 7468 6520 626f 6f74 206c ty of the boot l\n-00027b10: 6f61 6465 7220 6265 696e 6720 7265 7370 oader being resp\n-00027b20: 6f6e 7369 626c 6520 666f 7220 6669 6c65 onsible for file\n-00027b30: 0a73 7973 7465 6d20 636f 7272 7570 7469 .system corrupti\n-00027b40: 6f6e 2c20 736f 2061 2047 5255 4220 636f on, so a GRUB co\n-00027b50: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n-00027b60: 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 6a75 7374 2063 7265 cannot just cre\n-00027b70: 6174 6520 610a 6669 6c65 2069 6e20 7468 ate a.file in th\n-00027b80: 6520 6f72 6469 6e61 7279 2077 6179 2e20 e ordinary way. \n-00027b90: 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 4752 5542 2070 However, GRUB p\n-00027ba0: 726f 7669 6465 7320 616e 2022 656e 7669 rovides an \"envi\n-00027bb0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b22 0a77 ronment block\".w\n-00027bc0: 6869 6368 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 hich can be used\n-00027bd0: 2074 6f20 7361 7665 2061 2073 6d61 6c6c to save a small\n-00027be0: 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 2073 7461 7465 amount of state\n-00027bf0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 656e 7669 726f ... The enviro\n-00027c00: 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b20 6973 2061 nment block is a\n-00027c10: 2070 7265 616c 6c6f 6361 7465 6420 3130 preallocated 10\n-00027c20: 3234 2d62 7974 6520 6669 6c65 2c20 7768 24-byte file, wh\n-00027c30: 6963 680a 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 206c 6976 ich.normally liv\n-00027c40: 6573 2069 6e20 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 es in .../boot/g\n-00027c50: 7275 622f 6772 7562 656e 76e2 8099 2028 rub/grubenv... (\n-00027c60: 616c 7468 6f75 6768 2079 6f75 2073 686f although you sho\n-00027c70: 756c 6420 6e6f 7420 6173 7375 6d65 0a74 uld not assume.t\n-00027c80: 6869 7329 2e20 2041 7420 626f 6f74 2074 his). At boot t\n-00027c90: 696d 652c 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6c6f 6164 ime, the ...load\n-00027ca0: 5f65 6e76 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 _env... command \n-00027cb0: 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 6f61 645f 656e 763a (*note load_env:\n-00027cc0: 3a29 206c 6f61 6473 0a65 6e76 6972 6f6e :) loads.environ\n-00027cd0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2066 ment variables f\n-00027ce0: 726f 6d20 6974 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 rom it, and the \n-00027cf0: e280 9873 6176 655f 656e 76e2 8099 2028 ...save_env... (\n-00027d00: 2a6e 6f74 6520 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 3a3a *note save_env::\n-00027d10: 290a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7361 7665 7320 ).command saves \n-00027d20: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-00027d30: 6162 6c65 7320 746f 2069 742e 2020 4672 ables to it. Fr\n-00027d40: 6f6d 2061 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2073 7973 om a running sys\n-00027d50: 7465 6d2c 2074 6865 0ae2 8098 6772 7562 tem, the....grub\n-00027d60: 2d65 6469 7465 6e76 e280 9920 7574 696c -editenv... util\n-00027d70: 6974 7920 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 ity can be used \n-00027d80: 746f 2065 6469 7420 7468 6520 656e 7669 to edit the envi\n-00027d90: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b2e 0a0a ronment block...\n-00027da0: 2020 2046 6f72 2073 6166 6574 7920 7265 For safety re\n-00027db0: 6173 6f6e 732c 2074 6869 7320 7374 6f72 asons, this stor\n-00027dc0: 6167 6520 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 age is only avai\n-00027dd0: 6c61 626c 6520 7768 656e 2069 6e73 7461 lable when insta\n-00027de0: 6c6c 6564 206f 6e0a 6120 706c 6169 6e20 lled on.a plain \n-00027df0: 6469 736b 2028 6e6f 204c 564d 206f 7220 disk (no LVM or \n-00027e00: 5241 4944 292c 2075 7369 6e67 2061 206e RAID), using a n\n-00027e10: 6f6e 2d63 6865 636b 7375 6d6d 696e 6720 on-checksumming \n-00027e20: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2028 6e6f 0a5a filesystem (no.Z\n-00027e30: 4653 292c 2061 6e64 2075 7369 6e67 2042 FS), and using B\n-00027e40: 494f 5320 6f72 2045 4649 2066 756e 6374 IOS or EFI funct\n-00027e50: 696f 6e73 2028 6e6f 2041 5441 2c20 5553 ions (no ATA, US\n-00027e60: 4220 6f72 2049 4545 4531 3237 3529 2e0a B or IEEE1275)..\n-00027e70: 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f . ...grub-mkco\n-00027e80: 6e66 6967 e280 9920 7573 6573 2074 6869 nfig... uses thi\n-00027e90: 7320 6661 6369 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 696d s facility to im\n-00027ea0: 706c 656d 656e 7420 e280 9847 5255 425f plement ...GRUB_\n-00027eb0: 5341 5645 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 0a28 SAVEDEFAULT....(\n-00027ec0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e *note Simple con\n-00027ed0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a figuration::)...\n-00027ee0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00027ef0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d6f 6475 6c65 o, Node: Module\n-00027f00: 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e s, Next: Comman\n-00027f10: 6473 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2045 6e76 6972 ds, Prev: Envir\n-00027f20: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 onment, Up: Top\n-00027f30: 0a0a 3136 204d 6f64 756c 6573 0a2a 2a2a ..16 Modules.***\n-00027f40: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a49 6e20 7468 6973 *******..In this\n-00027f50: 2063 6861 7074 6572 2c20 7765 206c 6973 chapter, we lis\n-00027f60: 7420 616c 6c20 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 7468 t all modules th\n-00027f70: 6174 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 at are available\n-00027f80: 2069 6e20 4752 5542 0a28 6375 7272 656e in GRUB.(curren\n-00027f90: 746c 7920 696e 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 292e tly incomplete).\n-00027fa0: 0a0a 2020 204d 6f64 756c 6573 2063 616e .. Modules can\n-00027fb0: 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 2076 6961 2074 be loaded via t\n-00027fc0: 6865 20e2 8098 696e 736d 6f64 e280 9920 he ...insmod... \n-00027fd0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e73 6d6f 643a 3a29 (*note insmod::)\n-00027fe0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e command...* Men\n-00027ff0: 753a 0a0a 2a20 626c 693a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 u:..* bli::....F\n-00028000: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00028010: 204e 6f64 653a 2062 6c69 2c20 2055 703a Node: bli, Up:\n-00028020: 204d 6f64 756c 6573 0a0a 3136 2e31 2062 Modules..16.1 b\n-00028030: 6c69 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6869 li.========..Thi\n-00028040: 7320 6d6f 6475 6c65 2070 726f 7669 6465 s module provide\n-00028050: 7320 6261 7369 6320 7375 7070 6f72 7420 s basic support \n-00028060: 666f 7220 7468 6520 426f 6f74 204c 6f61 for the Boot Loa\n-00028070: 6465 7220 496e 7465 7266 6163 652e 2020 der Interface. \n-00028080: 5468 650a 426f 6f74 204c 6f61 6465 7220 The.Boot Loader \n-00028090: 496e 7465 7266 6163 6520 7370 6563 6966 Interface specif\n-000280a0: 6965 7320 6120 7365 7420 6f66 2045 4649 ies a set of EFI\n-000280b0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2074 6861 7420 variables that \n-000280c0: 6172 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f0a 636f 6d6d are used to.comm\n-000280d0: 756e 6963 6174 6520 626f 6f74 2d74 696d unicate boot-tim\n-000280e0: 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6265 e information be\n-000280f0: 7477 6565 6e20 7468 6520 626f 6f74 6c6f tween the bootlo\n-00028100: 6164 6572 2061 6e64 2074 6865 0a6f 7065 ader and the.ope\n-00028110: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d2e 0a0a rating system...\n-00028120: 2020 2054 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 The following\n-00028130: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2061 7265 2070 variables are p\n-00028140: 6c61 6365 6420 756e 6465 7220 7468 6520 laced under the \n-00028150: 7665 6e64 6f72 2055 5549 440a e280 9834 vendor UUID....4\n-00028160: 6136 3762 3038 322d 3061 3463 2d34 3163 a67b082-0a4c-41c\n-00028170: 662d 6236 6337 2d34 3430 6232 3962 6238 f-b6c7-440b29bb8\n-00028180: 6334 66e2 8099 2077 6865 6e20 7468 6520 c4f... when the \n-00028190: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 module is loaded\n-000281a0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 4750 5420 7061 :.. The GPT pa\n-000281b0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 5555 4944 206f 6620 rtition UUID of \n-000281c0: 7468 6520 4546 4920 5379 7374 656d 2050 the EFI System P\n-000281d0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2075 7365 6420 6475 artition used du\n-000281e0: 7269 6e67 2062 6f6f 740a 6973 2070 7562 ring boot.is pub\n-000281f0: 6c69 7368 6564 2076 6961 2074 6865 20e2 lished via the .\n-00028200: 8098 4c6f 6164 6572 4465 7669 6365 5061 ..LoaderDevicePa\n-00028210: 7274 5555 4944 e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 rtUUID... variab\n-00028220: 6c65 2e20 2054 6865 2042 6f6f 7420 4c6f le. The Boot Lo\n-00028230: 6164 6572 0a49 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2073 ader.Interface s\n-00028240: 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2072 6571 pecification req\n-00028250: 7569 7265 7320 4750 5420 666f 726d 6174 uires GPT format\n-00028260: 7465 6420 6472 6976 6573 2e20 2054 6865 ted drives. The\n-00028270: 2062 6c69 206d 6f64 756c 650a 6967 6e6f bli module.igno\n-00028280: 7265 7320 6472 6976 6573 2f70 6172 7469 res drives/parti\n-00028290: 7469 6f6e 7320 696e 2061 6e79 206f 7468 tions in any oth\n-000282a0: 6572 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 2020 4966 2047 er format. If G\n-000282b0: 5255 4220 6973 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6672 RUB is loaded fr\n-000282c0: 6f6d 2061 0a6e 6f6e 2d47 5054 2070 6172 om a.non-GPT par\n-000282d0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 652e 672e 2020 6672 tition, e.g. fr\n-000282e0: 6f6d 2061 6e20 4d53 444f 5320 666f 726d om an MSDOS form\n-000282f0: 6174 7465 6420 6472 6976 6520 6f72 206e atted drive or n\n-00028300: 6574 776f 726b 2c20 7468 6973 0a76 6172 etwork, this.var\n-00028310: 6961 626c 6520 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 2062 iable will not b\n-00028320: 6520 7365 742e 0a0a 2020 2041 2073 7472 e set... A str\n-00028330: 696e 6720 6964 656e 7469 6679 696e 6720 ing identifying \n-00028340: 4752 5542 2061 7320 7468 6520 6163 7469 GRUB as the acti\n-00028350: 7665 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 696e ve bootloader in\n-00028360: 636c 7564 696e 6720 7468 650a 7665 7273 cluding the.vers\n-00028370: 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 2069 7320 7374 ion number is st\n-00028380: 6f72 6564 2069 6e20 e280 984c 6f61 6465 ored in ...Loade\n-00028390: 7249 6e66 6fe2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 rInfo...... Th\n-000283a0: 6973 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6973 206f 6e6c is module is onl\n-000283b0: 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2055 y available on U\n-000283c0: 4546 4920 706c 6174 666f 726d 732e 0a0a EFI platforms...\n-000283d0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-000283e0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e o, Node: Comman\n-000283f0: 6473 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e74 6572 ds, Next: Inter\n-00028400: 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e2c nationalisation,\n-00028410: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4d6f 6475 6c65 732c Prev: Modules,\n-00028420: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3720 4176 Up: Top..17 Av\n-00028430: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 ailable commands\n-00028440: 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a .***************\n-00028450: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 496e 2074 6869 7320 ******..In this \n-00028460: 6368 6170 7465 722c 2077 6520 6c69 7374 chapter, we list\n-00028470: 2061 6c6c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7468 all commands th\n-00028480: 6174 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 at are available\n-00028490: 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 436f in GRUB... Co\n-000284a0: 6d6d 616e 6473 2062 656c 6f6e 6720 746f mmands belong to\n-000284b0: 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2067 726f 7570 different group\n-000284c0: 732e 2020 4120 6665 7720 6361 6e20 6f6e s. 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All \n-00029210: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 7468 6520 options are the \n-00029220: 7361 6d65 2061 7320 696e 2074 6865 20e2 same as in the .\n-00029230: 8098 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 79e2 8099 2063 ..menuentry... c\n-00029240: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 ommand (*note. \n-00029250: 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 3a3a 292e menuentry::).\n-00029260: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00029270: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4c6f 6164 nfo, Node: Load\n-00029280: 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 4e65 er commands, Ne\n-00029290: 7874 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d xt: General comm\n-000292a0: 616e 6473 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204d 656e ands, Prev: Men\n-000292b0: 752d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2063 6f6d 6d61 u-specific comma\n-000292c0: 6e64 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e nds, Up: Comman\n-000292d0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e32 2056 6172 696f 7573 ds..17.2 Various\n-000292e0: 206c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 loader commands\n-000292f0: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n-00029300: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 =============..T\n-00029310: 6865 7365 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 hese commands ar\n-00029320: 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 206e e used to load n\n-00029330: 6563 6573 7361 7279 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 ecessary compone\n-00029340: 6e74 7320 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 6465 7369 nts to boot desi\n-00029350: 7265 6420 4f53 2e0a 4d61 6e79 206f 6620 red OS..Many of \n-00029360: 7468 6520 6c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 the loader comma\n-00029370: 6e64 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 7375 6666 nds are not suff\n-00029380: 6963 6965 6e74 6c79 2064 6f63 756d 656e iciently documen\n-00029390: 7465 642e 2020 5468 650a 666f 6c6c 6f77 ted. The.follow\n-000293a0: 696e 6720 6973 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 ing is a list of\n-000293b0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7468 6174 2063 commands that c\n-000293c0: 6f75 6c64 2075 7365 206d 6f72 6520 646f ould use more do\n-000293d0: 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 cumentation:.. \n-000293e0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6170 706c 656c 6f61 ... ...appleloa\n-000293f0: 6465 72e2 8099 202d 2042 6f6f 7420 4249 der... - Boot BI\n-00029400: 4f53 2d62 6173 6564 2073 7973 7465 6d2e OS-based system.\n-00029410: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9866 7265 6564 . ... ...freed\n-00029420: 6f73 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2046 7265 os... - Load Fre\n-00029430: 6544 4f53 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 7379 732e eDOS kernel.sys.\n-00029440: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986b 6672 6565 . ... ...kfree\n-00029450: 6273 645f 6c6f 6164 656e 76e2 8099 202d bsd_loadenv... -\n-00029460: 204c 6f61 6420 4672 6565 4253 4420 656e Load FreeBSD en\n-00029470: 762e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986b 6672 v.. ... ...kfr\n-00029480: 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 eebsd_module_elf\n-00029490: e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2046 7265 6542 ... - Load FreeB\n-000294a0: 5344 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6d6f 6475 6c65 SD kernel module\n-000294b0: 2028 454c 4629 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 (ELF).. ... .\n-000294c0: 8098 6b66 7265 6562 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c ..kfreebsd_modul\n-000294d0: 65e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 4672 6565 e... - Load Free\n-000294e0: 4253 4420 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6f64 756c BSD kernel modul\n-000294f0: 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986b 6672 e.. ... ...kfr\n-00029500: 6565 6273 64e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 eebsd... - Load \n-00029510: 6b65 726e 656c 206f 6620 4672 6565 4253 kernel of FreeBS\n-00029520: 442e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986b 6e65 D.. ... ...kne\n-00029530: 7462 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c 655f 656c 66e2 tbsd_module_elf.\n-00029540: 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 4e65 7442 5344 .. - Load NetBSD\n-00029550: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2028 kernel module (\n-00029560: 454c 4629 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 ELF).. ... ...\n-00029570: 6b6e 6574 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 e280 knetbsd_module..\n-00029580: 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 204e 6574 4253 4420 . - Load NetBSD \n-00029590: 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6f64 756c 652e 0a20 kernel module.. \n-000295a0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986b 6e65 7462 7364 ... ...knetbsd\n-000295b0: e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 206b 6572 6e65 ... - Load kerne\n-000295c0: 6c20 6f66 204e 6574 4253 442e 0a20 2020 l of NetBSD.. \n-000295d0: e280 a220 e280 986b 6f70 656e 6273 64e2 ... ...kopenbsd.\n-000295e0: 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6b65 726e 656c .. - Load kernel\n-000295f0: 206f 6620 4f70 656e 4253 442e 0a20 2020 of OpenBSD.. \n-00029600: e280 a220 e280 986b 6f70 656e 6273 645f ... ...kopenbsd_\n-00029610: 7261 6d64 6973 6be2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 ramdisk... - Loa\n-00029620: 6420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2072 616d 6469 d kOpenBSD ramdi\n-00029630: 736b 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 sk.. ... ...le\n-00029640: 6761 6379 5f69 6e69 7472 645f 6e6f 756e gacy_initrd_noun\n-00029650: 7a69 70e2 8099 202d 2053 696d 756c 6174 zip... - Simulat\n-00029660: 6520 6772 7562 2d6c 6567 6163 7920 276d e grub-legacy 'm\n-00029670: 6f64 756c 656e 6f75 6e7a 6970 270a 2020 odulenounzip'. \n-00029680: 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a20 2020 e280 command. ..\n-00029690: a220 e280 986c 6567 6163 795f 696e 6974 . ...legacy_init\n-000296a0: 7264 e280 9920 2d20 5369 6d75 6c61 7465 rd... - Simulate\n-000296b0: 2067 7275 622d 6c65 6761 6379 2027 696e grub-legacy 'in\n-000296c0: 6974 7264 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 itrd' command. \n-000296d0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 6761 6379 5f6b ... ...legacy_k\n-000296e0: 6572 6e65 6ce2 8099 202d 2053 696d 756c ernel... - Simul\n-000296f0: 6174 6520 6772 7562 2d6c 6567 6163 7920 ate grub-legacy \n-00029700: 276b 6572 6e65 6c27 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 'kernel' command\n-00029710: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986d 6f64 756c . ... ...modul\n-00029720: 6532 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 206d e2... - Load a m\n-00029730: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2032 206d 6f64 756c ultiboot 2 modul\n-00029740: 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986d 6f64 e.. ... ...mod\n-00029750: 756c 65e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6120 ule... - Load a \n-00029760: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6d6f 6475 6c65 multiboot module\n-00029770: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6d75 6c74 .. ... ...mult\n-00029780: 6962 6f6f 7432 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 iboot2... - Load\n-00029790: 2061 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2032 206b a multiboot 2 k\n-000297a0: 6572 6e65 6c2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 ernel.. ... ..\n-000297b0: 986d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 e280 9920 2d20 .multiboot... - \n-000297c0: 4c6f 6164 2061 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 Load a multiboot\n-000297d0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 kernel.. ... \n-000297e0: e280 986e 746c 6472 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f ...ntldr... - Lo\n-000297f0: 6164 204e 544c 4452 206f 7220 426f 6f74 ad NTLDR or Boot\n-00029800: 4d47 522e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9870 MGR.. ... ...p\n-00029810: 6c61 6e39 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2050 lan9... - Load P\n-00029820: 6c61 6e39 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 0a20 2020 lan9 kernel.. \n-00029830: e280 a220 e280 9870 7865 6368 6169 6e6c ... ...pxechainl\n-00029840: 6f61 6465 72e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 oader... - Load \n-00029850: 6120 5058 4520 696d 6167 652e 0a20 2020 a PXE image.. \n-00029860: e280 a220 e280 9874 7275 6563 7279 7074 ... ...truecrypt\n-00029870: e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2054 7275 6563 ... - Load Truec\n-00029880: 7279 7074 2049 534f 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 rypt ISO.. ...\n-00029890: 20e2 8098 786e 755f 6b65 726e 656c 3634 ...xnu_kernel64\n-000298a0: e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2036 342d 6269 ... - Load 64-bi\n-000298b0: 7420 584e 5520 696d 6167 652e 0a20 2020 t XNU image.. \n-000298c0: e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f6b 6572 6e65 ... ...xnu_kerne\n-000298d0: 6ce2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 584e 5520 l... - Load XNU \n-000298e0: 696d 6167 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 image.. ... ..\n-000298f0: 9878 6e75 5f6b 6578 7464 6972 e280 9920 .xnu_kextdir... \n-00029900: 2d20 4c6f 6164 2058 4e55 2065 7874 656e - Load XNU exten\n-00029910: 7369 6f6e 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2e0a sion directory..\n-00029920: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f 6b65 ... ...xnu_ke\n-00029930: 7874 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2058 4e55 xt... - Load XNU\n-00029940: 2065 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 2e0a 2020 20e2 extension.. .\n-00029950: 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f 6d6b 6578 74e2 .. ...xnu_mkext.\n-00029960: 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 584e 5520 6578 .. - Load XNU ex\n-00029970: 7465 6e73 696f 6e20 7061 636b 6167 652e tension package.\n-00029980: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f72 . ... ...xnu_r\n-00029990: 616d 6469 736b e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 amdisk... - Load\n-000299a0: 2058 4e55 2072 616d 6469 736b 2e20 2049 XNU ramdisk. I\n-000299b0: 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6176 6169 6c61 t will be availa\n-000299c0: 626c 6520 696e 204f 5320 6173 0a20 2020 ble in OS as. \n-000299d0: 2020 6d64 302e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 md0.. ... ..\n-000299e0: 9878 6e75 5f72 6573 756d 65e2 8099 202d .xnu_resume... -\n-000299f0: 204c 6f61 6420 616e 2069 6d61 6765 206f Load an image o\n-00029a00: 6620 6869 6265 726e 6174 6564 2058 4e55 f hibernated XNU\n-00029a10: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f .. ... ...xnu_\n-00029a20: 7370 6c61 7368 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 splash... - Load\n-00029a30: 2061 2073 706c 6173 6820 696d 6167 6520 a splash image \n-00029a40: 666f 7220 584e 552e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 for XNU...* Menu\n-00029a50: 3a0a 0a2a 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 :..* chainloader\n-00029a60: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-00029a70: 2020 2043 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 616e Chain-load an\n-00029a80: 6f74 6865 7220 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 other boot loade\n-00029a90: 720a 2a20 696e 6974 7264 3a3a 2020 2020 r.* initrd:: \n-00029aa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00029ab0: 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 204c 696e 7578 2069 Load a Linux i\n-00029ac0: 6e69 7472 640a 2a20 696e 6974 7264 3136 nitrd.* initrd16\n-00029ad0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-00029ae0: 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 204c 696e Load a Lin\n-00029af0: 7578 2069 6e69 7472 6420 2831 362d 6269 ux initrd (16-bi\n-00029b00: 7420 6d6f 6465 290a 2a20 6c69 6e75 783a t mode).* linux:\n-00029b10: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-00029b20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 204c Load a L\n-00029b30: 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2a20 6c69 inux kernel.* li\n-00029b40: 6e75 7831 363a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 nux16:: \n-00029b50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 Load\n-00029b60: 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 a Linux kernel \n-00029b70: 2831 362d 6269 7420 6d6f 6465 290a 2a20 (16-bit mode).* \n-00029b80: 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 3a3a xen_hypervisor::\n-00029b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f Lo\n-00029ba0: 6164 2078 656e 2068 7970 6572 7669 736f ad xen hyperviso\n-00029bb0: 7220 6269 6e61 7279 2028 6f6e 6c79 206f r binary (only o\n-00029bc0: 6e20 4141 7263 6836 3429 0a2a 2078 656e n AArch64).* xen\n-00029bd0: 5f6d 6f64 756c 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 _module:: \n-00029be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 Load \n-00029bf0: 7865 6e20 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 666f 7220 xen modules for \n-00029c00: 7865 6e20 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2028 xen hypervisor (\n-00029c10: 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 4141 7263 6836 3429 only on AArch64)\n-00029c20: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00029c30: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6368 6169 nfo, Node: chai\n-00029c40: 6e6c 6f61 6465 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 nloader, Next: \n-00029c50: 696e 6974 7264 2c20 2055 703a 204c 6f61 initrd, Up: Loa\n-00029c60: 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 der commands..17\n-00029c70: 2e32 2e31 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 .2.1 chainloader\n-00029c80: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-00029c90: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-00029ca0: 3a20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 5b2d : chainloader [-\n-00029cb0: 2d66 6f72 6365 5d20 6669 6c65 205b 6172 -force] file [ar\n-00029cc0: 6773 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 gs...]. Load\n-00029cd0: 2046 494c 4520 6173 2061 2063 6861 696e FILE as a chain\n-00029ce0: 2d6c 6f61 6465 722e 2020 4c69 6b65 2061 -loader. Like a\n-00029cf0: 6e79 206f 7468 6572 2066 696c 6520 6c6f ny other file lo\n-00029d00: 6164 6564 2062 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 aded by the. \n-00029d10: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 636f 6465 filesystem code\n-00029d20: 2c20 6974 2063 616e 2075 7365 2074 6865 , it can use the\n-00029d30: 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 206e 6f74 6174 blocklist notat\n-00029d40: 696f 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 2042 6c6f 636b ion (*note Block\n-00029d50: 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 . list synta\n-00029d60: 783a 3a29 2074 6f20 6772 6162 2074 6865 x::) to grab the\n-00029d70: 2066 6972 7374 2073 6563 746f 7220 6f66 first sector of\n-00029d80: 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2070 6172 the current par\n-00029d90: 7469 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 tition. with\n-00029da0: 20e2 8098 2b31 e280 992e 2020 4f6e 2045 ...+1.... On E\n-00029db0: 4649 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2c20 616e FI platforms, an\n-00029dc0: 7920 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 6166 7465 y arguments afte\n-00029dd0: 7220 4649 4c45 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 r FILE will be s\n-00029de0: 656e 740a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 7468 6520 ent. to the \n-00029df0: 6c6f 6164 6564 2069 6d61 6765 2e0a 0a20 loaded image... \n-00029e00: 2020 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2073 7065 6369 If you speci\n-00029e10: 6679 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 fy the option ..\n-00029e20: 982d 2d66 6f72 6365 e280 992c 2074 6865 .--force..., the\n-00029e30: 6e20 6c6f 6164 2046 494c 4520 666f 7263 n load FILE forc\n-00029e40: 6962 6c79 2c0a 2020 2020 2077 6865 7468 ibly,. wheth\n-00029e50: 6572 2069 7420 6861 7320 6120 636f 7272 er it has a corr\n-00029e60: 6563 7420 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 6f72 ect signature or\n-00029e70: 206e 6f74 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2072 not. This is r\n-00029e80: 6571 7569 7265 6420 7768 656e 0a20 2020 equired when. \n-00029e90: 2020 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 6c6f you want to lo\n-00029ea0: 6164 2061 2064 6566 6563 7469 7665 2062 ad a defective b\n-00029eb0: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 7375 6368 oot loader, such\n-00029ec0: 2061 7320 5343 4f20 556e 6978 5761 7265 as SCO UnixWare\n-00029ed0: 2037 2e31 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7.1.....File: g\n-00029ee0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00029ef0: 2069 6e69 7472 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 initrd, Next: \n-00029f00: 696e 6974 7264 3136 2c20 2050 7265 763a initrd16, Prev:\n-00029f10: 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 2055 chainloader, U\n-00029f20: 703a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e p: Loader comman\n-00029f30: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e32 2e32 2069 6e69 7472 ds..17.2.2 initr\n-00029f40: 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a d.-------------.\n-00029f50: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 696e . -- Command: in\n-00029f60: 6974 7264 2066 696c 6520 5b66 696c 6520 itrd file [file \n-00029f70: 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2c20 ...]. Load, \n-00029f80: 696e 206f 7264 6572 2c20 616c 6c20 696e in order, all in\n-00029f90: 6974 7264 7320 666f 7220 6120 4c69 6e75 itrds for a Linu\n-00029fa0: 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2c20 x kernel image, \n-00029fb0: 616e 6420 7365 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 and set the. \n-00029fc0: 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 2070 6172 appropriate par\n-00029fd0: 616d 6574 6572 7320 696e 2074 6865 204c ameters in the L\n-00029fe0: 696e 7578 2073 6574 7570 2061 7265 6120 inux setup area \n-00029ff0: 696e 206d 656d 6f72 792e 2020 5468 6973 in memory. This\n-0002a000: 206d 6179 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e 6c79 2062 may. only b\n-0002a010: 6520 7573 6564 2061 6674 6572 2074 6865 e used after the\n-0002a020: 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 78e2 8099 2063 6f6d ...linux... com\n-0002a030: 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 mand (*note linu\n-0002a040: 783a 3a29 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e0a 2020 x::) has been. \n-0002a050: 2020 2072 756e 2e20 2053 6565 202a 6e6f run. See *no\n-0002a060: 7465 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 3a3a 2066 te GNU/Linux:: f\n-0002a070: 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 206f 6e20 or more info on \n-0002a080: 626f 6f74 696e 6720 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 booting GNU/Linu\n-0002a090: 782e 0a20 2020 2020 466f 7220 6d6f 7265 x.. For more\n-0002a0a0: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 information on \n-0002a0b0: 696e 6974 7264 7320 7365 6520 7468 6520 initrds see the \n-0002a0c0: 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c GNU/Linux kernel\n-0002a0d0: 0a20 2020 2020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 . documentat\n-0002a0e0: 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2028 6874 7470 733a ion. (https:\n-0002a0f0: 2f2f 646f 6373 2e6b 6572 6e65 6c2e 6f72 //docs.kernel.or\n-0002a100: 672f 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 732f 7261 g/filesystems/ra\n-0002a110: 6d66 732d 726f 6f74 6673 2d69 6e69 7472 mfs-rootfs-initr\n-0002a120: 616d 6673 2e68 746d 6c29 2e0a 0a20 2020 amfs.html)... \n-0002a130: 2020 4120 6e65 772d 7374 796c 6520 696e A new-style in\n-0002a140: 6974 7264 2028 666f 7220 6b65 726e 656c itrd (for kernel\n-0002a150: 7320 6e65 7765 7220 7468 616e 2032 2e36 s newer than 2.6\n-0002a160: 2920 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 206f 6e65 ) containing one\n-0002a170: 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 file. with \n-0002a180: 6c65 6164 696e 6720 7061 7468 2063 6f6d leading path com\n-0002a190: 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 6361 6e20 616c 736f ponents can also\n-0002a1a0: 2062 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 6174 be generated at\n-0002a1b0: 2072 756e 2074 696d 652e 0a20 2020 2020 run time.. \n-0002a1c0: 5468 6973 2063 616e 2062 6520 646f 6e65 This can be done\n-0002a1d0: 2062 7920 7072 6566 6978 696e 6720 616e by prefixing an\n-0002a1e0: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 7769 7468 20e2 argument with .\n-0002a1f0: 8098 6e65 7763 3ae2 8099 2066 6f6c 6c6f ..newc:... follo\n-0002a200: 7765 6420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 wed by. the \n-0002a210: 7061 7468 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 6c65 path of the file\n-0002a220: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6e65 7720 696e 6974 in the new init\n-0002a230: 7264 2c20 6120 e280 983a e280 992c 2061 rd, a ...:..., a\n-0002a240: 6e64 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 4752 5542 nd then the GRUB\n-0002a250: 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2070 6174 6820 . file path \n-0002a260: 746f 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 6461 7461 to the file data\n-0002a270: 2074 6f20 6265 2062 6520 696e 636c 7564 to be be includ\n-0002a280: 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 466f 7220 6578 ed... For ex\n-0002a290: 616d 706c 653a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ample:. \n-0002a2a0: 2069 6e69 7472 6420 6e65 7763 3a2f 6574 initrd newc:/et\n-0002a2b0: 632f 7373 682f 636f 6e66 6967 3a28 6864 c/ssh/config:(hd\n-0002a2c0: 302c 3229 2f68 6f6d 652f 7573 6572 2f2e 0,2)/home/user/.\n-0002a2d0: 7373 682f 636f 6e66 6967 205c 0a20 2020 ssh/config \\. \n-0002a2e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 ne\n-0002a2f0: 7763 3a2f 6574 632f 7373 682f 7373 685f wc:/etc/ssh/ssh_\n-0002a300: 686f 7374 5f72 7361 5f6b 6579 3a2f 6574 host_rsa_key:/et\n-0002a310: 632f 7373 682f 7373 685f 686f 7374 5f72 c/ssh/ssh_host_r\n-0002a320: 7361 5f6b 6579 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 sa_key \\. \n-0002a330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2f62 6f6f 742f /boot/\n-0002a340: 696e 6974 7264 2e67 7a20 5c0a 2020 2020 initrd.gz \\. \n-0002a350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6577 new\n-0002a360: 633a 2f69 6e69 743a 2f68 6f6d 652f 7573 c:/init:/home/us\n-0002a370: 6572 2f69 6e69 742e 6669 7865 640a 0a20 er/init.fixed.. \n-0002a380: 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 This command\n-0002a390: 2077 696c 6c20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 2074 will generate t\n-0002a3a0: 776f 206e 6577 2d73 7479 6c65 2069 6e69 wo new-style ini\n-0002a3b0: 7472 6473 206f 6e20 7468 6520 666c 792e trds on the fly.\n-0002a3c0: 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 2066 6972 7374 The. first\n-0002a3d0: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 7468 6520 7061 contains the pa\n-0002a3e0: 7468 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 2f73 7368 2f63 th .../etc/ssh/c\n-0002a3f0: 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2077 6974 6820 7468 onfig... with th\n-0002a400: 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 660a 2020 e contents of. \n-0002a410: 2020 20e2 8098 2868 6430 2c32 292f 686f ...(hd0,2)/ho\n-0002a420: 6d65 2f75 7365 722f 2e73 7368 2f63 6f6e me/user/.ssh/con\n-0002a430: 6669 67e2 8099 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2070 fig... and the p\n-0002a440: 6174 680a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 ath. .../etc\n-0002a450: 2f73 7368 2f73 7368 5f68 6f73 745f 7273 /ssh/ssh_host_rs\n-0002a460: 615f 6b65 79e2 8099 2077 6974 6820 7468 a_key... with th\n-0002a470: 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 660a 2020 e contents of. \n-0002a480: 2020 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 2f73 7368 2f73 .../etc/ssh/s\n-0002a490: 7368 5f68 6f73 745f 7273 615f 6b65 79e2 sh_host_rsa_key.\n-0002a4a0: 8099 206f 6e20 7468 6520 524f 4f54 2064 .. on the ROOT d\n-0002a4b0: 6576 6963 652e 2020 5061 7265 6e74 2064 evice. Parent d\n-0002a4c0: 6972 6563 746f 7279 0a20 2020 2020 7061 irectory. pa\n-0002a4d0: 7468 7320 7769 6c6c 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 ths will automat\n-0002a4e0: 6963 616c 6c79 2062 6520 6765 6e65 7261 ically be genera\n-0002a4f0: 7465 6420 6173 206e 6565 6465 642e 2020 ted as needed. \n-0002a500: 5468 6973 2066 6972 7374 0a20 2020 2020 This first. \n-0002a510: 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 696e 6974 7264 generated initrd\n-0002a520: 2077 696c 6c20 7468 656e 2068 6176 6520 will then have \n-0002a530: e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f69 6e69 7472 642e .../boot/initrd.\n-0002a540: 677a e280 9920 636f 6e63 6174 656e 6174 gz... concatenat\n-0002a550: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6166 7465 7220 6974 ed. after it\n-0002a560: 2e20 204e 6578 742c 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 . Next, another\n-0002a570: 206e 6577 2d73 7479 6c65 2061 7263 6869 new-style archi\n-0002a580: 7665 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2067 656e 6572 ve will be gener\n-0002a590: 6174 6564 2077 6974 680a 2020 2020 2074 ated with. t\n-0002a5a0: 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 20e2 he contents of .\n-0002a5b0: 8098 2f68 6f6d 652f 7573 6572 2f69 6e69 ../home/user/ini\n-0002a5c0: 742e 6669 7865 64e2 8099 2069 6e20 7468 t.fixed... in th\n-0002a5d0: 6520 7061 7468 20e2 8098 2f69 6e69 74e2 e path .../init.\n-0002a5e0: 8099 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6170 7065 .. and. appe\n-0002a5f0: 6e64 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7072 6576 nded to the prev\n-0002a600: 696f 7573 2063 6f6e 6361 7465 6e61 7469 ious concatenati\n-0002a610: 6f6e 2e20 2046 696e 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 on. Finally, th\n-0002a620: 6520 7265 7375 6c74 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 e result will. \n-0002a630: 2020 2062 6520 7365 6e74 2074 6f20 7468 be sent to th\n-0002a640: 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2077 6865 6e20 626f e kernel when bo\n-0002a650: 6f74 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4b65 6570 oted... Keep\n-0002a660: 2069 6e20 6d69 6e64 2074 6861 7420 7061 in mind that pa\n-0002a670: 7468 7320 7468 6174 2063 6f6d 6520 6c61 ths that come la\n-0002a680: 7465 7220 7769 6c6c 2074 616b 6520 7072 ter will take pr\n-0002a690: 6563 6564 656e 6365 2e20 2053 6f0a 2020 ecedence. So. \n-0002a6a0: 2020 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6578 616d 706c in the exampl\n-0002a6b0: 6520 6162 6f76 652c 2074 6865 2067 656e e above, the gen\n-0002a6c0: 6572 6174 6564 2070 6174 6820 e280 982f erated path .../\n-0002a6d0: 696e 6974 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 206f 7665 init... will ove\n-0002a6e0: 7277 7269 7465 2061 6e79 0a20 2020 2020 rwrite any. \n-0002a6f0: e280 982f 696e 6974 e280 9920 696e 20e2 .../init... in .\n-0002a700: 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 696e 6974 7264 2e67 ../boot/initrd.g\n-0002a710: 7ae2 8099 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6361 6e20 z.... This can \n-0002a720: 6265 2075 7365 6675 6c20 7768 656e 2063 be useful when c\n-0002a730: 6861 6e67 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 2020 hanging the. \n-0002a740: 206d 6169 6e20 696e 6974 7264 2069 7320 main initrd is \n-0002a750: 756e 6465 7369 7261 626c 6520 6f72 2064 undesirable or d\n-0002a760: 6966 6669 6375 6c74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ifficult.....Fil\n-0002a770: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0002a780: 6f64 653a 2069 6e69 7472 6431 362c 2020 ode: initrd16, \n-0002a790: 4e65 7874 3a20 6c69 6e75 782c 2020 5072 Next: linux, Pr\n-0002a7a0: 6576 3a20 696e 6974 7264 2c20 2055 703a ev: initrd, Up:\n-0002a7b0: 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 Loader commands\n-0002a7c0: 0a0a 3137 2e32 2e33 2069 6e69 7472 6431 ..17.2.3 initrd1\n-0002a7d0: 360a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 6.--------------\n-0002a7e0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-0002a7f0: 696e 6974 7264 3136 2066 696c 6520 5b66 initrd16 file [f\n-0002a800: 696c 6520 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f ile ...]. Lo\n-0002a810: 6164 2c20 696e 206f 7264 6572 2c20 616c ad, in order, al\n-0002a820: 6c20 696e 6974 7264 7320 666f 7220 6120 l initrds for a \n-0002a830: 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 Linux kernel ima\n-0002a840: 6765 2074 6f20 6265 2062 6f6f 7465 640a ge to be booted.\n-0002a850: 2020 2020 2069 6e20 3136 2d62 6974 206d in 16-bit m\n-0002a860: 6f64 652c 2061 6e64 2073 6574 2074 6865 ode, and set the\n-0002a870: 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 2070 6172 appropriate par\n-0002a880: 616d 6574 6572 7320 696e 2074 6865 204c ameters in the L\n-0002a890: 696e 7578 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7475 7020 inux. setup \n-0002a8a0: 6172 6561 2069 6e20 6d65 6d6f 7279 2e20 area in memory. \n-0002a8b0: 2054 6869 7320 6d61 7920 6f6e 6c79 2062 This may only b\n-0002a8c0: 6520 7573 6564 2061 6674 6572 2074 6865 e used after the\n-0002a8d0: 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 7831 36e2 8099 0a20 ...linux16.... \n-0002a8e0: 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f command (*no\n-0002a8f0: 7465 206c 696e 7578 3136 3a3a 2920 6861 te linux16::) ha\n-0002a900: 7320 6265 656e 2072 756e 2e20 2053 6565 s been run. See\n-0002a910: 2061 6c73 6f20 2a6e 6f74 6520 474e 552f also *note GNU/\n-0002a920: 4c69 6e75 783a 3a0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 Linux::. and\n-0002a930: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 696e 6974 7264 e280 the ...initrd..\n-0002a940: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 . command (*note\n-0002a950: 2069 6e69 7472 643a 3a29 2066 6f72 206d initrd::) for m\n-0002a960: 6f72 6520 6465 7461 696c 7320 6f6e 0a20 ore details on. \n-0002a970: 2020 2020 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732e 0a0a arguments...\n-0002a980: 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e This comman\n-0002a990: 6420 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 d is only availa\n-0002a9a0: 626c 6520 6f6e 2074 6865 2070 6320 706c ble on the pc pl\n-0002a9b0: 6174 666f 726d 2066 6f72 2078 3836 2073 atform for x86 s\n-0002a9c0: 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ystems.....File:\n-0002a9d0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0002a9e0: 653a 206c 696e 7578 2c20 204e 6578 743a e: linux, Next:\n-0002a9f0: 206c 696e 7578 3136 2c20 2050 7265 763a linux16, Prev:\n-0002aa00: 2069 6e69 7472 6431 362c 2020 5570 3a20 initrd16, Up: \n-0002aa10: 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a Loader commands.\n-0002aa20: 0a31 372e 322e 3420 6c69 6e75 780a 2d2d .17.2.4 linux.--\n-0002aa30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-0002aa40: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 696e 7578 2066 Command: linux f\n-0002aa50: 696c 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 ile .... Loa\n-0002aa60: 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c d a Linux kernel\n-0002aa70: 2069 6d61 6765 2066 726f 6d20 4649 4c45 image from FILE\n-0002aa80: 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 2074 . The rest of t\n-0002aa90: 6865 206c 696e 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 he line is. \n-0002aaa0: 7061 7373 6564 2076 6572 6261 7469 6d20 passed verbatim \n-0002aab0: 6173 2074 6865 20e2 809c 6b65 726e 656c as the ...kernel\n-0002aac0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 65e2 809d command-line...\n-0002aad0: 2e20 2041 6e79 2069 6e69 7472 6420 6d75 . Any initrd mu\n-0002aae0: 7374 2062 650a 2020 2020 2072 656c 6f61 st be. reloa\n-0002aaf0: 6465 6420 6166 7465 7220 7573 696e 6720 ded after using \n-0002ab00: 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e this command (*n\n-0002ab10: 6f74 6520 696e 6974 7264 3a3a 292e 0a0a ote initrd::)...\n-0002ab20: 2020 2020 204f 6e20 7838 3620 7379 7374 On x86 syst\n-0002ab30: 656d 732c 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 ems, the kernel \n-0002ab40: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 626f 6f74 6564 2075 will be booted u\n-0002ab50: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2033 322d 6269 7420 sing the 32-bit \n-0002ab60: 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f74 6f63 boot. protoc\n-0002ab70: 6f6c 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2074 ol. Note that t\n-0002ab80: 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 2074 his means that t\n-0002ab90: 6865 20e2 8098 7667 613d e280 9920 626f he ...vga=... bo\n-0002aba0: 6f74 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7769 6c6c 0a20 ot option will. \n-0002abb0: 2020 2020 6e6f 7420 776f 726b 3b20 6966 not work; if\n-0002abc0: 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f 2073 6574 you want to set\n-0002abd0: 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c 2076 6964 656f a special video\n-0002abe0: 206d 6f64 652c 2079 6f75 2077 696c 6c20 mode, you will \n-0002abf0: 6e65 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2075 7365 need to. use\n-0002ac00: 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2073 GRUB commands s\n-0002ac10: 7563 6820 6173 20e2 8098 7365 7420 6766 uch as ...set gf\n-0002ac20: 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 3d31 3032 3478 3736 xpayload=1024x76\n-0002ac30: 38e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9873 6574 0a20 8... or ...set. \n-0002ac40: 2020 2020 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 3d6b gfxpayload=k\n-0002ac50: 6565 70e2 8099 2028 746f 206b 6565 7020 eep... (to keep \n-0002ac60: 7468 6520 7361 6d65 206d 6f64 6520 6173 the same mode as\n-0002ac70: 2075 7365 6420 696e 2047 5255 4229 2069 used in GRUB) i\n-0002ac80: 6e73 7465 6164 2e0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 nstead.. GRU\n-0002ac90: 4220 6361 6e20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 B can automatica\n-0002aca0: 6c6c 7920 6465 7465 6374 2073 6f6d 6520 lly detect some \n-0002acb0: 7573 6573 206f 6620 e280 9876 6761 3de2 uses of ...vga=.\n-0002acc0: 8099 2061 6e64 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7465 .. and translate\n-0002acd0: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 656d 2074 6f20 6170 . them to ap\n-0002ace0: 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 7365 7474 696e propriate settin\n-0002acf0: 6773 206f 6620 e280 9867 6678 7061 796c gs of ...gfxpayl\n-0002ad00: 6f61 64e2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 oad.... The ...\n-0002ad10: 6c69 6e75 7831 36e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 linux16.... \n-0002ad20: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206c command (*note l\n-0002ad30: 696e 7578 3136 3a3a 2920 6176 6f69 6473 inux16::) avoids\n-0002ad40: 2074 6869 7320 7265 7374 7269 6374 696f this restrictio\n-0002ad50: 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 n.....File: grub\n-0002ad60: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 .info, Node: li\n-0002ad70: 6e75 7831 362c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7865 nux16, Next: xe\n-0002ad80: 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2c20 2050 n_hypervisor, P\n-0002ad90: 7265 763a 206c 696e 7578 2c20 2055 703a rev: linux, Up:\n-0002ada0: 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 Loader commands\n-0002adb0: 0a0a 3137 2e32 2e35 206c 696e 7578 3136 ..17.2.5 linux16\n-0002adc0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a .--------------.\n-0002add0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c69 . -- Command: li\n-0002ade0: 6e75 7831 3620 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 0a20 nux16 file .... \n-0002adf0: 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 204c 696e 7578 Load a Linux\n-0002ae00: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6520 6672 kernel image fr\n-0002ae10: 6f6d 2046 494c 4520 696e 2031 362d 6269 om FILE in 16-bi\n-0002ae20: 7420 6d6f 6465 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6573 t mode. The res\n-0002ae30: 7420 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6c69 t of. the li\n-0002ae40: 6e65 2069 7320 7061 7373 6564 2076 6572 ne is passed ver\n-0002ae50: 6261 7469 6d20 6173 2074 6865 20e2 809c batim as the ...\n-0002ae60: 6b65 726e 656c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c kernel command-l\n-0002ae70: 696e 65e2 809d 2e20 2041 6e79 0a20 2020 ine.... Any. \n-0002ae80: 2020 696e 6974 7264 206d 7573 7420 6265 initrd must be\n-0002ae90: 2072 656c 6f61 6465 6420 6166 7465 7220 reloaded after \n-0002aea0: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 using this comma\n-0002aeb0: 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2069 nd (*note. i\n-0002aec0: 6e69 7472 6431 363a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 nitrd16::)... \n-0002aed0: 2020 5468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2077 696c The kernel wil\n-0002aee0: 6c20 6265 2062 6f6f 7465 6420 7573 696e l be booted usin\n-0002aef0: 6720 7468 6520 7472 6164 6974 696f 6e61 g the traditiona\n-0002af00: 6c20 3136 2d62 6974 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 l 16-bit boot. \n-0002af10: 2020 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c2e 2020 4173 protocol. As\n-0002af20: 2077 656c 6c20 6173 2062 7970 6173 7369 well as bypassi\n-0002af30: 6e67 2070 726f 626c 656d 7320 7769 7468 ng problems with\n-0002af40: 20e2 8098 7667 613d e280 9920 6465 7363 ...vga=... desc\n-0002af50: 7269 6265 6420 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2a6e ribed in. *n\n-0002af60: 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 783a 3a2c 2074 6869 ote linux::, thi\n-0002af70: 7320 7065 726d 6974 7320 626f 6f74 696e s permits bootin\n-0002af80: 6720 736f 6d65 206f 7468 6572 2070 726f g some other pro\n-0002af90: 6772 616d 7320 7468 6174 0a20 2020 2020 grams that. \n-0002afa0: 696d 706c 656d 656e 7420 7468 6520 4c69 implement the Li\n-0002afb0: 6e75 7820 626f 6f74 2070 726f 746f 636f nux boot protoco\n-0002afc0: 6c20 666f 7220 7468 6520 7361 6b65 206f l for the sake o\n-0002afd0: 6620 636f 6e76 656e 6965 6e63 652e 0a0a f convenience...\n-0002afe0: 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e This comman\n-0002aff0: 6420 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 d is only availa\n-0002b000: 626c 6520 6f6e 2078 3836 2073 7973 7465 ble on x86 syste\n-0002b010: 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ms.....File: gru\n-0002b020: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2078 b.info, Node: x\n-0002b030: 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f 722c 2020 en_hypervisor, \n-0002b040: 4e65 7874 3a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 Next: xen_module\n-0002b050: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 696e 7578 3136 , Prev: linux16\n-0002b060: 2c20 2055 703a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f , Up: Loader co\n-0002b070: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e32 2e36 2078 mmands..17.2.6 x\n-0002b080: 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f 720a 2d2d en_hypervisor.--\n-0002b090: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0002b0a0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-0002b0b0: 3a20 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 : xen_hypervisor\n-0002b0c0: 2066 696c 6520 5b61 7267 756d 656e 7473 file [arguments\n-0002b0d0: 5d20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 ] .... Load \n-0002b0e0: 6120 5865 6e20 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 a Xen hypervisor\n-0002b0f0: 2062 696e 6172 7920 6672 6f6d 2046 494c binary from FIL\n-0002b100: 452e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7374 206f 6620 E. The rest of \n-0002b110: 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2069 730a 2020 2020 the line is. \n-0002b120: 2070 6173 7365 6420 7665 7262 6174 696d passed verbatim\n-0002b130: 2061 7320 7468 6520 e280 9c6b 6572 6e65 as the ...kerne\n-0002b140: 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 e280 l command-line..\n-0002b150: 9d2e 2020 416e 7920 6f74 6865 7220 6269 .. Any other bi\n-0002b160: 6e61 7269 6573 0a20 2020 2020 6d75 7374 naries. must\n-0002b170: 2062 6520 7265 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 6674 be reloaded aft\n-0002b180: 6572 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6869 7320 636f er using this co\n-0002b190: 6d6d 616e 642e 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d mmand. This com\n-0002b1a0: 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 mand is only. \n-0002b1b0: 2020 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2041 available on A\n-0002b1c0: 4172 6368 3634 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a Arch64 systems..\n-0002b1d0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0002b1e0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2078 656e 5f6d fo, Node: xen_m\n-0002b1f0: 6f64 756c 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7865 odule, Prev: xe\n-0002b200: 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2c20 2055 n_hypervisor, U\n-0002b210: 703a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e p: Loader comman\n-0002b220: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e32 2e37 2078 656e 5f6d ds..17.2.7 xen_m\n-0002b230: 6f64 756c 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d odule.----------\n-0002b240: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-0002b250: 6d61 6e64 3a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 mand: xen_module\n-0002b260: 205b 2d2d 6e6f 756e 7a69 705d 2066 696c [--nounzip] fil\n-0002b270: 6520 5b61 7267 756d 656e 7473 5d0a 2020 e [arguments]. \n-0002b280: 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6d6f 6475 6c65 Load a module\n-0002b290: 2066 6f72 2078 656e 2068 7970 6572 7669 for xen hypervi\n-0002b2a0: 736f 7220 6174 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7469 sor at the booti\n-0002b2b0: 6e67 2070 726f 6365 7373 206f 6620 7865 ng process of xe\n-0002b2c0: 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 7265 7374 n.. The rest\n-0002b2d0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2069 7320 of the line is \n-0002b2e0: 7061 7373 6564 2076 6572 6261 7469 6d20 passed verbatim \n-0002b2f0: 6173 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6520 636f as the module co\n-0002b300: 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2e0a 2020 2020 mmand line.. \n-0002b310: 204d 6f64 756c 6573 2073 686f 756c 6420 Modules should \n-0002b320: 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 696e 2074 6865 be loaded in the\n-0002b330: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7264 6572 following order\n-0002b340: 3a20 2d20 646f 6d30 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a : - dom0 kernel.\n-0002b350: 2020 2020 2069 6d61 6765 202d 2064 6f6d image - dom\n-0002b360: 3020 7261 6d64 6973 6b20 6966 2070 7265 0 ramdisk if pre\n-0002b370: 7365 6e74 202d 2058 534d 2070 6f6c 6963 sent - XSM polic\n-0002b380: 7920 6966 2070 7265 7365 6e74 2054 6869 y if present Thi\n-0002b390: 730a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 s. command i\n-0002b3a0: 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 s only available\n-0002b3b0: 206f 6e20 4141 7263 6836 3420 7379 7374 on AArch64 syst\n-0002b3c0: 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ems.....File: gr\n-0002b3d0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0002b3e0: 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 General commands\n-0002b3f0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 , Next: Command\n-0002b400: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 -line commands, \n-0002b410: 2050 7265 763a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f Prev: Loader co\n-0002b420: 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d mmands, Up: Com\n-0002b430: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 3320 4765 6e65 mands..17.3 Gene\n-0002b440: 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a3d 3d3d ral commands.===\n-0002b450: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0002b460: 3d3d 0a0a 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 2075 7361 ==..Commands usa\n-0002b470: 626c 6520 616e 7977 6865 7265 2069 6e20 ble anywhere in \n-0002b480: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2061 6e64 2069 6e20 the menu and in \n-0002b490: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 the command-line\n-0002b4a0: 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 7365 ...* Menu:..* se\n-0002b4b0: 7269 616c 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rial:: \n-0002b4c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 Set \n-0002b4d0: 7570 2061 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6465 7669 up a serial devi\n-0002b4e0: 6365 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e ce.* terminal_in\n-0002b4f0: 7075 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 put:: \n-0002b500: 2020 204d 616e 6167 6520 696e 7075 7420 Manage input \n-0002b510: 7465 726d 696e 616c 730a 2a20 7465 726d terminals.* term\n-0002b520: 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 743a 3a20 2020 inal_output:: \n-0002b530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d61 6e61 6765 Manage\n-0002b540: 206f 7574 7075 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c output terminal\n-0002b550: 730a 2a20 7465 726d 696e 666f 3a3a 2020 s.* terminfo:: \n-0002b560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002b570: 2020 4465 6669 6e65 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 Define termina\n-0002b580: 6c20 7479 7065 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 l type....File: \n-0002b590: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0002b5a0: 3a20 7365 7269 616c 2c20 204e 6578 743a : serial, Next:\n-0002b5b0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 742c terminal_input,\n-0002b5c0: 2020 5570 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f Up: General co\n-0002b5d0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e33 2e31 2073 mmands..17.3.1 s\n-0002b5e0: 6572 6961 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d erial.----------\n-0002b5f0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-0002b600: 3a20 7365 7269 616c 205b 2d2d 756e 6974 : serial [--unit\n-0002b610: 3d75 6e69 745d 205b 2d2d 706f 7274 3d70 =unit] [--port=p\n-0002b620: 6f72 745d 205b 2d2d 7370 6565 643d 7370 ort] [--speed=sp\n-0002b630: 6565 645d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b eed]. [\n-0002b640: 2d2d 776f 7264 3d77 6f72 645d 205b 2d2d --word=word] [--\n-0002b650: 7061 7269 7479 3d70 6172 6974 795d 205b parity=parity] [\n-0002b660: 2d2d 7374 6f70 3d73 746f 705d 0a20 2020 --stop=stop]. \n-0002b670: 2020 496e 6974 6961 6c69 7a65 2061 2073 Initialize a s\n-0002b680: 6572 6961 6c20 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2055 erial device. U\n-0002b690: 4e49 5420 6973 2061 206e 756d 6265 7220 NIT is a number \n-0002b6a0: 696e 2074 6865 2072 616e 6765 2030 2d33 in the range 0-3\n-0002b6b0: 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 . specifying\n-0002b6c0: 2077 6869 6368 2073 6572 6961 6c20 706f which serial po\n-0002b6d0: 7274 2074 6f20 7573 653b 2064 6566 6175 rt to use; defau\n-0002b6e0: 6c74 2069 7320 302c 2077 6869 6368 0a20 lt is 0, which. \n-0002b6f0: 2020 2020 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 7320 corresponds \n-0002b700: 746f 2074 6865 2070 6f72 7420 6f66 7465 to the port ofte\n-0002b710: 6e20 6361 6c6c 6564 2043 4f4d 312e 0a0a n called COM1...\n-0002b720: 2020 2020 2050 4f52 5420 6973 2074 6865 PORT is the\n-0002b730: 2049 2f4f 2070 6f72 7420 7768 6572 6520 I/O port where \n-0002b740: 7468 6520 5541 5254 2069 7320 746f 2062 the UART is to b\n-0002b750: 6520 666f 756e 6420 6f72 2c20 6966 2070 e found or, if p\n-0002b760: 7265 6669 7865 640a 2020 2020 2077 6974 refixed. wit\n-0002b770: 6820 e280 986d 6d69 6f2c e280 992c 2074 h ...mmio,..., t\n-0002b780: 6865 204d 4d49 4f20 6164 6472 6573 7320 he MMIO address \n-0002b790: 6f66 2074 6865 2055 4152 542e 2049 6620 of the UART. If \n-0002b7a0: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6974 2074 616b specified it tak\n-0002b7b0: 6573 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6563 6564 656e es. preceden\n-0002b7c0: 6365 206f 7665 7220 554e 4954 2e0a 0a20 ce over UNIT... \n-0002b7d0: 2020 2020 4164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 Additionally\n-0002b7e0: 2c20 616e 204d 4d49 4f20 6164 6472 6573 , an MMIO addres\n-0002b7f0: 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2073 7566 6669 7865 s can be suffixe\n-0002b800: 6420 7769 7468 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 d with:. \n-0002b810: e280 a220 e280 982e 62e2 8099 2066 6f72 ... ....b... for\n-0002b820: 2062 7974 6573 2061 6363 6573 7320 2864 bytes access (d\n-0002b830: 6566 6175 6c74 290a 2020 2020 2020 2020 efault). \n-0002b840: e280 a220 e280 982e 77e2 8099 2066 6f72 ... ....w... for\n-0002b850: 2031 362d 6269 7420 776f 7264 2061 6363 16-bit word acc\n-0002b860: 6573 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 ess. ... \n-0002b870: e280 982e 6ce2 8099 2066 6f72 2033 322d ....l... for 32-\n-0002b880: 6269 7420 6c6f 6e67 2077 6f72 6420 6163 bit long word ac\n-0002b890: 6365 7373 206f 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 cess or. \n-0002b8a0: e280 a220 e280 982e 71e2 8099 2066 6f72 ... ....q... for\n-0002b8b0: 2036 342d 6269 7420 6c6f 6e67 206c 6f6e 64-bit long lon\n-0002b8c0: 6720 776f 7264 2061 6363 6573 730a 0a20 g word access.. \n-0002b8d0: 2020 2020 416c 736f 2c20 504f 5254 2063 Also, PORT c\n-0002b8e0: 616e 2062 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6f72 an be of the for\n-0002b8f0: 6d20 e280 9870 6369 2c58 583a 5858 2e58 m ...pci,XX:XX.X\n-0002b900: e280 9920 746f 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6520 ... to indicate \n-0002b910: 6120 7365 7269 616c 0a20 2020 2020 6465 a serial. de\n-0002b920: 7669 6365 2065 7870 6f73 6564 206f 6e20 vice exposed on \n-0002b930: 7468 6520 5043 4920 6275 732e 0a0a 2020 the PCI bus... \n-0002b940: 2020 2053 5045 4544 2069 7320 7468 6520 SPEED is the \n-0002b950: 7472 616e 736d 6973 7369 6f6e 2073 7065 transmission spe\n-0002b960: 6564 3b20 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2039 ed; default is 9\n-0002b970: 3630 302e 2020 574f 5244 2061 6e64 2053 600. WORD and S\n-0002b980: 544f 500a 2020 2020 2061 7265 2074 6865 TOP. are the\n-0002b990: 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2064 6174 6120 number of data \n-0002b9a0: 6269 7473 2061 6e64 2073 746f 7020 6269 bits and stop bi\n-0002b9b0: 7473 2e20 2044 6174 6120 6269 7473 206d ts. Data bits m\n-0002b9c0: 7573 7420 6265 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 ust be in. t\n-0002b9d0: 6865 2072 616e 6765 2035 2d38 2061 6e64 he range 5-8 and\n-0002b9e0: 2073 746f 7020 6269 7473 206d 7573 7420 stop bits must \n-0002b9f0: 6265 2031 206f 7220 322e 2020 4465 6661 be 1 or 2. Defa\n-0002ba00: 756c 7420 6973 2038 2064 6174 6120 6269 ult is 8 data bi\n-0002ba10: 7473 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 6f6e 6520 ts. and one \n-0002ba20: 7374 6f70 2062 6974 2e20 2050 4152 4954 stop bit. PARIT\n-0002ba30: 5920 6973 206f 6e65 206f 6620 e280 986e Y is one of ...n\n-0002ba40: 6fe2 8099 2c20 e280 986f 6464 e280 992c o..., ...odd...,\n-0002ba50: 20e2 8098 6576 656e e280 9920 616e 640a ...even... and.\n-0002ba60: 2020 2020 2064 6566 6175 6c74 7320 746f defaults to\n-0002ba70: 20e2 8098 6e6f e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2020 ...no...... \n-0002ba80: 2049 6620 7061 7373 6564 206e 6f20 554e If passed no UN\n-0002ba90: 4954 206e 6f72 2050 4f52 542c 206f 7220 IT nor PORT, or \n-0002baa0: 6966 2050 4f52 5420 6973 2073 6574 2074 if PORT is set t\n-0002bab0: 6f20 e280 9861 7574 6fe2 8099 2074 6865 o ...auto... the\n-0002bac0: 6e20 4752 5542 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c n GRUB. will\n-0002bad0: 2061 7474 656d 7074 2074 6f20 7573 6520 attempt to use \n-0002bae0: 4143 5049 2074 6f20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 ACPI to automati\n-0002baf0: 6361 6c6c 7920 6465 7465 6374 2074 6865 cally detect the\n-0002bb00: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6465 6661 756c 740a system default.\n-0002bb10: 2020 2020 2073 6572 6961 6c20 706f 7274 serial port\n-0002bb20: 2061 6e64 2069 7473 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 and its configu\n-0002bb30: 7261 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6973 ration. If this\n-0002bb40: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 information is \n-0002bb50: 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 not. availab\n-0002bb60: 6c65 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6465 6661 le, it will defa\n-0002bb70: 756c 7420 746f 2055 4e49 5420 302e 0a0a ult to UNIT 0...\n-0002bb80: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2073 6572 6961 6c20 The serial \n-0002bb90: 706f 7274 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7573 6564 port is not used\n-0002bba0: 2061 7320 6120 636f 6d6d 756e 6963 6174 as a communicat\n-0002bbb0: 696f 6e20 6368 616e 6e65 6c20 756e 6c65 ion channel unle\n-0002bbc0: 7373 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9874 ss the. ...t\n-0002bbd0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 74e2 8099 erminal_input...\n-0002bbe0: 206f 7220 e280 9874 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f or ...terminal_\n-0002bbf0: 6f75 7470 7574 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e output... comman\n-0002bc00: 6420 6973 2075 7365 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 d is used (*note\n-0002bc10: 0a20 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 . terminal_i\n-0002bc20: 6e70 7574 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 7465 nput::, *note te\n-0002bc30: 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 743a 3a29 rminal_output::)\n-0002bc40: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 2c20 7661 ... Note, va\n-0002bc50: 6c69 6420 504f 5254 2076 616c 7565 732c lid PORT values,\n-0002bc60: 2065 7863 6c75 6469 6e67 2049 4f20 706f excluding IO po\n-0002bc70: 7274 2061 6464 7265 7373 6573 2c20 6361 rt addresses, ca\n-0002bc80: 6e20 6265 2066 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 n be found. \n-0002bc90: 6279 206c 6973 7469 6e67 2074 6572 6d69 by listing termi\n-0002bca0: 6e61 6c73 2077 6974 6820 e280 9874 6572 nals with ...ter\n-0002bcb0: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 e280 992c minal_output...,\n-0002bcc0: 2073 656c 6563 7469 6e67 2061 6c6c 206e selecting all n\n-0002bcd0: 616d 6573 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6566 6978 ames. prefix\n-0002bce0: 6564 2062 7920 e280 9873 6572 6961 6c5f ed by ...serial_\n-0002bcf0: e280 9920 616e 6420 7265 6d6f 7669 6e67 ... and removing\n-0002bd00: 2074 6861 7420 7072 6566 6978 2e0a 0a20 that prefix... \n-0002bd10: 2020 2020 4578 616d 706c 6573 3a0a 2020 Examples:. \n-0002bd20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7269 616c 202d serial -\n-0002bd30: 2d70 6f72 743d 3078 3366 3820 2d2d 7370 -port=0x3f8 --sp\n-0002bd40: 6565 643d 3936 3030 0a20 2020 2020 2020 eed=9600. \n-0002bd50: 2020 2073 6572 6961 6c20 2d2d 706f 7274 serial --port\n-0002bd60: 3d6d 6d69 6f2c 6665 6662 3030 3030 2e6c =mmio,fefb0000.l\n-0002bd70: 202d 2d73 7065 6564 3d31 3135 3230 300a --speed=115200.\n-0002bd80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7269 616c serial\n-0002bd90: 202d 2d70 6f72 743d 7063 692c 3030 3a31 --port=pci,00:1\n-0002bda0: 362e 3320 2d2d 7370 6565 643d 3131 3532 6.3 --speed=1152\n-0002bdb0: 3030 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6565 2061 6c73 00.. See als\n-0002bdc0: 6f20 2a6e 6f74 6520 5365 7269 616c 2074 o *note Serial t\n-0002bdd0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 erminal::.....Fi\n-0002bde0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0002bdf0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 Node: terminal_i\n-0002be00: 6e70 7574 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 6572 nput, Next: ter\n-0002be10: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 2c20 2050 minal_output, P\n-0002be20: 7265 763a 2073 6572 6961 6c2c 2020 5570 rev: serial, Up\n-0002be30: 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e : General comman\n-0002be40: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e33 2e32 2074 6572 6d69 ds..17.3.2 termi\n-0002be50: 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nal_input.------\n-0002be60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-0002be70: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7465 . -- Command: te\n-0002be80: 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 205b 2d2d rminal_input [--\n-0002be90: 6170 7065 6e64 7c2d 2d72 656d 6f76 655d append|--remove]\n-0002bea0: 205b 7465 726d 696e 616c 315d 205b 7465 [terminal1] [te\n-0002beb0: 726d 696e 616c 325d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 rminal2]. \n-0002bec0: 2020 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 .... List\n-0002bed0: 206f 7220 7365 6c65 6374 2061 6e20 696e or select an in\n-0002bee0: 7075 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e0a 0a20 put terminal... \n-0002bef0: 2020 2020 5769 7468 206e 6f20 6172 6775 With no argu\n-0002bf00: 6d65 6e74 732c 206c 6973 7420 7468 6520 ments, list the \n-0002bf10: 6163 7469 7665 2061 6e64 2061 7661 696c active and avail\n-0002bf20: 6162 6c65 2069 6e70 7574 2074 6572 6d69 able input termi\n-0002bf30: 6e61 6c73 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 nals... With\n-0002bf40: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6170 7065 6e64 e280 992c ...--append...,\n-0002bf50: 2061 6464 2074 6865 206e 616d 6564 2074 add the named t\n-0002bf60: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 2074 6f20 7468 6520 erminals to the \n-0002bf70: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6163 7469 7665 0a20 list of active. \n-0002bf80: 2020 2020 696e 7075 7420 7465 726d 696e input termin\n-0002bf90: 616c 733b 2061 6e79 206f 6620 7468 6573 als; any of thes\n-0002bfa0: 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f e may be used to\n-0002bfb0: 2070 726f 7669 6465 2069 6e70 7574 2074 provide input t\n-0002bfc0: 6f20 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 o GRUB... Wi\n-0002bfd0: 7468 20e2 8098 2d2d 7265 6d6f 7665 e280 th ...--remove..\n-0002bfe0: 992c 2072 656d 6f76 6520 7468 6520 6e61 ., remove the na\n-0002bff0: 6d65 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c 7320 6672 med terminals fr\n-0002c000: 6f6d 2074 6865 2061 6374 6976 6520 6c69 om the active li\n-0002c010: 7374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 206e st... With n\n-0002c020: 6f20 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6275 7420 6120 o options but a \n-0002c030: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7465 726d 696e 616c list of terminal\n-0002c040: 206e 616d 6573 2c20 6d61 6b65 206f 6e6c names, make onl\n-0002c050: 7920 7468 6520 6c69 7374 6564 0a20 2020 y the listed. \n-0002c060: 2020 7465 726d 696e 616c 206e 616d 6573 terminal names\n-0002c070: 2061 6374 6976 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 active.....File\n-0002c080: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0002c090: 6465 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 de: terminal_out\n-0002c0a0: 7075 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7465 726d put, Next: term\n-0002c0b0: 696e 666f 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 6572 info, Prev: ter\n-0002c0c0: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 742c 2020 5570 minal_input, Up\n-0002c0d0: 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e : General comman\n-0002c0e0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e33 2e33 2074 6572 6d69 ds..17.3.3 termi\n-0002c0f0: 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d nal_output.-----\n-0002c100: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0002c110: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-0002c120: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 7420 terminal_output \n-0002c130: 5b2d 2d61 7070 656e 647c 2d2d 7265 6d6f [--append|--remo\n-0002c140: 7665 5d20 5b74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c31 5d20 ve] [terminal1] \n-0002c150: 5b74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c32 5d0a 2020 2020 [terminal2]. \n-0002c160: 2020 2020 2020 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c .... L\n-0002c170: 6973 7420 6f72 2073 656c 6563 7420 616e ist or select an\n-0002c180: 206f 7574 7075 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c output terminal\n-0002c190: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 206e 6f20 ... With no \n-0002c1a0: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732c 206c 6973 7420 arguments, list \n-0002c1b0: 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 2061 6e64 2061 the active and a\n-0002c1c0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 7574 7075 7420 vailable output \n-0002c1d0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 terminals... \n-0002c1e0: 2057 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d61 7070 656e With ...--appen\n-0002c1f0: 64e2 8099 2c20 6164 6420 7468 6520 6e61 d..., add the na\n-0002c200: 6d65 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c 7320 746f med terminals to\n-0002c210: 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2061 6374 the list of act\n-0002c220: 6976 650a 2020 2020 206f 7574 7075 7420 ive. output \n-0002c230: 7465 726d 696e 616c 733b 2061 6c6c 206f terminals; all o\n-0002c240: 6620 7468 6573 6520 7769 6c6c 2072 6563 f these will rec\n-0002c250: 6569 7665 206f 7574 7075 7420 6672 6f6d eive output from\n-0002c260: 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 GRUB... Wit\n-0002c270: 6820 e280 982d 2d72 656d 6f76 65e2 8099 h ...--remove...\n-0002c280: 2c20 7265 6d6f 7665 2074 6865 206e 616d , remove the nam\n-0002c290: 6564 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 2066 726f ed terminals fro\n-0002c2a0: 6d20 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 206c 6973 m the active lis\n-0002c2b0: 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 6e6f t... With no\n-0002c2c0: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2062 7574 2061 206c options but a l\n-0002c2d0: 6973 7420 6f66 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 ist of terminal \n-0002c2e0: 6e61 6d65 732c 206d 616b 6520 6f6e 6c79 names, make only\n-0002c2f0: 2074 6865 206c 6973 7465 640a 2020 2020 the listed. \n-0002c300: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6e61 6d65 7320 terminal names \n-0002c310: 6163 7469 7665 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a active.....File:\n-0002c320: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0002c330: 653a 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f2c 2020 5072 e: terminfo, Pr\n-0002c340: 6576 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 ev: terminal_out\n-0002c350: 7075 742c 2020 5570 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 put, Up: Genera\n-0002c360: 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e33 l commands..17.3\n-0002c370: 2e34 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f0a 2d2d 2d2d .4 terminfo.----\n-0002c380: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-0002c390: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7465 726d 696e Command: termin\n-0002c3a0: 666f 205b 2d61 7c2d 757c 2d76 5d20 5b2d fo [-a|-u|-v] [-\n-0002c3b0: 6720 5778 485d 205b 7465 726d 5d20 5b74 g WxH] [term] [t\n-0002c3c0: 7970 655d 0a20 2020 2020 4465 6669 6e65 ype]. Define\n-0002c3d0: 2074 6865 2063 6170 6162 696c 6974 6965 the capabilitie\n-0002c3e0: 7320 6f66 2079 6f75 7220 7465 726d 696e s of your termin\n-0002c3f0: 616c 2062 7920 6769 7669 6e67 2074 6865 al by giving the\n-0002c400: 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 name of an. \n-0002c410: 2065 6e74 7279 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7465 entry in the te\n-0002c420: 726d 696e 666f 2064 6174 6162 6173 652c rminfo database,\n-0002c430: 2077 6869 6368 2073 686f 756c 6420 636f which should co\n-0002c440: 7272 6573 706f 6e64 2072 6f75 6768 6c79 rrespond roughly\n-0002c450: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2061 20e2 8098 5445 to. a ...TE\n-0002c460: 524d e280 9920 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e RM... environmen\n-0002c470: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 556e t variable in Un\n-0002c480: 6978 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6375 ix... The cu\n-0002c490: 7272 656e 746c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c rrently availabl\n-0002c4a0: 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 2074 7970 6573 e terminal types\n-0002c4b0: 2061 7265 20e2 8098 7674 3130 30e2 8099 are ...vt100...\n-0002c4c0: 2c20 e280 9876 7431 3030 2d63 6f6c 6f72 , ...vt100-color\n-0002c4d0: e280 992c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9869 6565 ...,. ...iee\n-0002c4e0: 6531 3237 35e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 e1275..., and ..\n-0002c4f0: 9864 756d 62e2 8099 2e20 2049 6620 796f .dumb.... If yo\n-0002c500: 7520 6e65 6564 206f 7468 6572 2074 6572 u need other ter\n-0002c510: 6d69 6e61 6c20 7479 7065 732c 2070 6c65 minal types, ple\n-0002c520: 6173 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7461 6374 ase. contact\n-0002c530: 2075 7320 746f 2064 6973 6375 7373 2074 us to discuss t\n-0002c540: 6865 2062 6573 7420 7761 7920 746f 2069 he best way to i\n-0002c550: 6e63 6c75 6465 2073 7570 706f 7274 2066 nclude support f\n-0002c560: 6f72 2074 6865 7365 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 or these in. \n-0002c570: 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 GRUB... The\n-0002c580: 20e2 8098 2d61 e280 9920 28e2 8098 2d2d ...-a... (...--\n-0002c590: 6173 6369 69e2 8099 292c 20e2 8098 2d75 ascii...), ...-u\n-0002c5a0: e280 9920 28e2 8098 2d2d 7574 6638 e280 ... (...--utf8..\n-0002c5b0: 9929 2c20 616e 6420 e280 982d 76e2 8099 .), and ...-v...\n-0002c5c0: 2028 e280 982d 2d76 6973 7561 6c2d 7574 (...--visual-ut\n-0002c5d0: 6638 e280 9929 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 7469 f8...). opti\n-0002c5e0: 6f6e 7320 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 686f 7720 ons control how \n-0002c5f0: 6e6f 6e2d 4153 4349 4920 7465 7874 2069 non-ASCII text i\n-0002c600: 7320 6469 7370 6c61 7965 642e 2020 e280 s displayed. ..\n-0002c610: 982d 61e2 8099 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 .-a... specifies\n-0002c620: 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2041 5343 4949 2d6f an. ASCII-o\n-0002c630: 6e6c 7920 7465 726d 696e 616c 3b20 e280 nly terminal; ..\n-0002c640: 982d 75e2 8099 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 .-u... specifies\n-0002c650: 206c 6f67 6963 616c 6c79 2d6f 7264 6572 logically-order\n-0002c660: 6564 2055 5446 2d38 3b20 616e 640a 2020 ed UTF-8; and. \n-0002c670: 2020 20e2 8098 2d76 e280 9920 7370 6563 ...-v... spec\n-0002c680: 6966 6965 7320 2276 6973 7561 6c6c 792d ifies \"visually-\n-0002c690: 6f72 6465 7265 6420 5554 462d 3822 2028 ordered UTF-8\" (\n-0002c6a0: 696e 206f 7468 6572 2077 6f72 6473 2c20 in other words, \n-0002c6b0: 6172 7261 6e67 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7375 arranged. su\n-0002c6c0: 6368 2074 6861 7420 6120 7465 726d 696e ch that a termin\n-0002c6d0: 616c 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 7220 7769 7468 al emulator with\n-0002c6e0: 6f75 7420 6269 6469 7265 6374 696f 6e61 out bidirectiona\n-0002c6f0: 6c20 7465 7874 2073 7570 706f 7274 0a20 l text support. \n-0002c700: 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 706c 6179 will display\n-0002c710: 2072 6967 6874 2d74 6f2d 6c65 6674 2074 right-to-left t\n-0002c720: 6578 7420 696e 2074 6865 2070 726f 7065 ext in the prope\n-0002c730: 7220 6f72 6465 723b 2074 6869 7320 6973 r order; this is\n-0002c740: 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 7265 616c 6c79 not. really\n-0002c750: 2070 726f 7065 7220 5554 462d 382c 2062 proper UTF-8, b\n-0002c760: 7574 2061 2077 6f72 6b61 726f 756e 6429 ut a workaround)\n-0002c770: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d ... The ...-\n-0002c780: 67e2 8099 2028 e280 982d 2d67 656f 6d65 g... (...--geome\n-0002c790: 7472 79e2 8099 2920 6361 6e20 6265 2075 try...) can be u\n-0002c7a0: 7365 6420 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2074 sed to specify t\n-0002c7b0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6765 6f6d 6574 7279 erminal geometry\n-0002c7c0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 206e 6f20 6f70 ... 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When this e\n+00028b60: 6e74 7279 2069 730a 2020 2020 2073 656c ntry is. sel\n+00028b70: 6563 7465 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 206d ected from the m\n+00028b80: 656e 752c 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2073 enu, GRUB will s\n+00028b90: 6574 2074 6865 2043 484f 5345 4e20 656e et the CHOSEN en\n+00028ba0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 740a 2020 2020 2076 vironment. v\n+00028bb0: 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f 2076 616c 7565 ariable to value\n+00028bc0: 206f 6620 e280 982d 2d69 64e2 8099 2069 of ...--id... i\n+00028bd0: 6620 e280 982d 2d69 64e2 8099 2069 7320 f ...--id... is \n+00028be0: 6769 7665 6e2c 2065 7865 6375 7465 2074 given, execute t\n+00028bf0: 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 he list of. \n+00028c00: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2067 6976 656e 2077 commands given w\n+00028c10: 6974 6869 6e20 6272 6163 6573 2c20 616e ithin braces, an\n+00028c20: 6420 6966 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 636f d if the last co\n+00028c30: 6d6d 616e 6420 696e 2074 6865 206c 6973 mmand in the lis\n+00028c40: 740a 2020 2020 2072 6574 7572 6e65 6420 t. returned \n+00028c50: 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2061 6e64 successfully and\n+00028c60: 2061 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 7761 7320 6c6f a kernel was lo\n+00028c70: 6164 6564 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2065 7865 aded it will exe\n+00028c80: 6375 7465 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 e280 cute the. ..\n+00028c90: 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 .boot... command\n+00028ca0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d ... The ...-\n+00028cb0: 2d63 6c61 7373 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e -class... option\n+00028cc0: 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 2061 6e79 may be used any\n+00028cd0: 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2074 696d 6573 number of times\n+00028ce0: 2074 6f20 6772 6f75 7020 6d65 6e75 0a20 to group menu. \n+00028cf0: 2020 2020 656e 7472 6965 7320 696e 746f entries into\n+00028d00: 2063 6c61 7373 6573 2e20 204d 656e 7520 classes. Menu \n+00028d10: 7468 656d 6573 206d 6179 2064 6973 706c themes may displ\n+00028d20: 6179 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2063 6c61 ay different cla\n+00028d30: 7373 6573 0a20 2020 2020 7573 696e 6720 sses. using \n+00028d40: 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 7374 796c 6573 different styles\n+00028d50: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d ... The ...-\n+00028d60: 2d75 7365 7273 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e -users... option\n+00028d70: 2067 7261 6e74 7320 7370 6563 6966 6963 grants specific\n+00028d80: 2075 7365 7273 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f users access to\n+00028d90: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 6d65 6e75 0a20 specific menu. \n+00028da0: 2020 2020 656e 7472 6965 732e 2020 2a4e entries. *N\n+00028db0: 6f74 6520 5365 6375 7269 7479 3a3a 2e0a ote Security::..\n+00028dc0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d 2d75 . The ...--u\n+00028dd0: 6e72 6573 7472 6963 7465 64e2 8099 206f nrestricted... o\n+00028de0: 7074 696f 6e20 6772 616e 7473 2061 6c6c ption grants all\n+00028df0: 2075 7365 7273 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f users access to\n+00028e00: 2073 7065 6369 6669 630a 2020 2020 206d specific. m\n+00028e10: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 732e 2020 2a4e enu entries. *N\n+00028e20: 6f74 6520 5365 6375 7269 7479 3a3a 2e0a ote Security::..\n+00028e30: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d 2d68 . The ...--h\n+00028e40: 6f74 6b65 79e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 otkey... option \n+00028e50: 6173 736f 6369 6174 6573 2061 2068 6f74 associates a hot\n+00028e60: 6b65 7920 7769 7468 2061 206d 656e 7520 key with a menu \n+00028e70: 656e 7472 792e 2020 4b45 590a 2020 2020 entry. KEY. \n+00028e80: 206d 6179 2062 6520 6120 7369 6e67 6c65 may be a single\n+00028e90: 206c 6574 7465 722c 206f 7220 6f6e 6520 letter, or one \n+00028ea0: 6f66 2074 6865 2061 6c69 6173 6573 20e2 of the aliases .\n+00028eb0: 8098 6261 636b 7370 6163 65e2 8099 2c20 ..backspace..., \n+00028ec0: e280 9874 6162 e280 992c 0a20 2020 2020 ...tab...,. \n+00028ed0: 6f72 20e2 8098 6465 6c65 7465 e280 992e or ...delete....\n+00028ee0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d .. The ...--\n+00028ef0: 6964 e280 9920 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 id... may be use\n+00028f00: 6420 746f 2061 7373 6f63 6961 7465 2075 d to associate u\n+00028f10: 6e69 7175 6520 6964 656e 7469 6669 6572 nique identifier\n+00028f20: 2077 6974 6820 6120 6d65 6e75 0a20 2020 with a menu. \n+00028f30: 2020 656e 7472 792e 2020 4944 2069 7320 entry. ID is \n+00028f40: 7374 7269 6e67 206f 6620 4153 4349 4920 string of ASCII \n+00028f50: 6170 6861 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6368 6172 aphanumeric char\n+00028f60: 6163 7465 7273 2c20 756e 6465 7273 636f acters, undersco\n+00028f70: 7265 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 6879 7068 re. and hyph\n+00028f80: 656e 2061 6e64 2073 686f 756c 6420 6e6f en and should no\n+00028f90: 7420 7374 6172 7420 7769 7468 2061 2064 t start with a d\n+00028fa0: 6967 6974 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6c20 igit... All \n+00028fb0: 6f74 6865 7220 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 other arguments \n+00028fc0: 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 5449 544c 4520 including TITLE \n+00028fd0: 6172 6520 7061 7373 6564 2061 7320 706f are passed as po\n+00028fe0: 7369 7469 6f6e 616c 0a20 2020 2020 7061 sitional. pa\n+00028ff0: 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2077 6865 6e20 6c69 rameters when li\n+00029000: 7374 206f 6620 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2069 st of commands i\n+00029010: 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 2077 6974 6820 s executed with \n+00029020: 5449 544c 4520 616c 7761 7973 0a20 2020 TITLE always. \n+00029030: 2020 6173 7369 676e 6564 2074 6f20 e280 assigned to ..\n+00029040: 9824 31e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a .$1........File:\n+00029050: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00029060: 653a 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2c20 2050 7265 e: submenu, Pre\n+00029070: 763a 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2c20 2055 v: menuentry, U\n+00029080: 703a 204d 656e 752d 7370 6563 6966 6963 p: Menu-specific\n+00029090: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 312e commands..17.1.\n+000290a0: 3220 7375 626d 656e 750a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2 submenu.------\n+000290b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+000290c0: 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2054 mmand: submenu T\n+000290d0: 4954 4c45 205b 2d2d 636c 6173 733d 636c ITLE [--class=cl\n+000290e0: 6173 7320 2e2e 2e5d 205b 2d2d 7573 6572 ass ...] [--user\n+000290f0: 733d 7573 6572 735d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 s=users]. \n+00029100: 2020 205b 2d2d 756e 7265 7374 7269 6374 [--unrestrict\n+00029110: 6564 5d20 5b2d 2d68 6f74 6b65 793d 6b65 ed] [--hotkey=ke\n+00029120: 795d 205b 2d2d 6964 3d69 645d 207b 204d y] [--id=id] { M\n+00029130: 454e 5520 454e 5452 4945 5320 2e2e 2e20 ENU ENTRIES ... \n+00029140: 7d0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6465 6669 }. 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Boot BIOS-b\n+00029400: 6173 6564 2073 7973 7465 6d2e 0a20 2020 ased system.. \n+00029410: e280 a220 e280 9866 7265 6564 6f73 e280 ... ...freedos..\n+00029420: 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2046 7265 6544 4f53 . - Load FreeDOS\n+00029430: 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 7379 732e 0a20 2020 kernel.sys.. \n+00029440: e280 a220 e280 986b 6672 6565 6273 645f ... ...kfreebsd_\n+00029450: 6c6f 6164 656e 76e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 loadenv... - Loa\n+00029460: 6420 4672 6565 4253 4420 656e 762e 0a20 d FreeBSD env.. \n+00029470: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986b 6672 6565 6273 ... ...kfreebs\n+00029480: 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 e280 9920 d_module_elf... \n+00029490: 2d20 4c6f 6164 2046 7265 6542 5344 206b - Load FreeBSD k\n+000294a0: 6572 6e65 6c20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2028 454c ernel module (EL\n+000294b0: 4629 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b66 F).. ... ...kf\n+000294c0: 7265 6562 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c 65e2 8099 reebsd_module...\n+000294d0: 202d 204c 6f61 6420 4672 6565 4253 4420 - Load FreeBSD \n+000294e0: 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6f64 756c 652e 0a20 kernel module.. \n+000294f0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986b 6672 6565 6273 ... ...kfreebs\n+00029500: 64e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6b65 726e d... - Load kern\n+00029510: 656c 206f 6620 4672 6565 4253 442e 0a20 el of FreeBSD.. \n+00029520: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986b 6e65 7462 7364 ... ...knetbsd\n+00029530: 5f6d 6f64 756c 655f 656c 66e2 8099 202d _module_elf... -\n+00029540: 204c 6f61 6420 4e65 7442 5344 206b 6572 Load NetBSD ker\n+00029550: 6e65 6c20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2028 454c 4629 nel module (ELF)\n+00029560: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 .. ... ...knet\n+00029570: 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 bsd_module... - \n+00029580: 4c6f 6164 204e 6574 4253 4420 6b65 726e Load NetBSD kern\n+00029590: 656c 206d 6f64 756c 652e 0a20 2020 e280 el module.. ..\n+000295a0: a220 e280 986b 6e65 7462 7364 e280 9920 . ...knetbsd... \n+000295b0: 2d20 4c6f 6164 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f66 - Load kernel of\n+000295c0: 204e 6574 4253 442e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 NetBSD.. ... \n+000295d0: e280 986b 6f70 656e 6273 64e2 8099 202d ...kopenbsd... -\n+000295e0: 204c 6f61 6420 6b65 726e 656c 206f 6620 Load kernel of \n+000295f0: 4f70 656e 4253 442e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 OpenBSD.. ... \n+00029600: e280 986b 6f70 656e 6273 645f 7261 6d64 ...kopenbsd_ramd\n+00029610: 6973 6be2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6b4f isk... - Load kO\n+00029620: 7065 6e42 5344 2072 616d 6469 736b 2e0a penBSD ramdisk..\n+00029630: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 6761 6379 ... ...legacy\n+00029640: 5f69 6e69 7472 645f 6e6f 756e 7a69 70e2 _initrd_nounzip.\n+00029650: 8099 202d 2053 696d 756c 6174 6520 6772 .. - Simulate gr\n+00029660: 7562 2d6c 6567 6163 7920 276d 6f64 756c ub-legacy 'modul\n+00029670: 656e 6f75 6e7a 6970 270a 2020 2020 2063 enounzip'. c\n+00029680: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 ommand. ... ..\n+00029690: 986c 6567 6163 795f 696e 6974 7264 e280 .legacy_initrd..\n+000296a0: 9920 2d20 5369 6d75 6c61 7465 2067 7275 . - Simulate gru\n+000296b0: 622d 6c65 6761 6379 2027 696e 6974 7264 b-legacy 'initrd\n+000296c0: 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 ' command. ...\n+000296d0: 20e2 8098 6c65 6761 6379 5f6b 6572 6e65 ...legacy_kerne\n+000296e0: 6ce2 8099 202d 2053 696d 756c 6174 6520 l... - Simulate \n+000296f0: 6772 7562 2d6c 6567 6163 7920 276b 6572 grub-legacy 'ker\n+00029700: 6e65 6c27 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a20 2020 nel' command. \n+00029710: e280 a220 e280 986d 6f64 756c 6532 e280 ... ...module2..\n+00029720: 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 206d 756c 7469 . - Load a multi\n+00029730: 626f 6f74 2032 206d 6f64 756c 652e 0a20 boot 2 module.. \n+00029740: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986d 6f64 756c 65e2 ... ...module.\n+00029750: 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6d75 6c74 .. - Load a mult\n+00029760: 6962 6f6f 7420 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e0a 2020 iboot module.. \n+00029770: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f ... ...multiboo\n+00029780: 7432 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 206d t2... - Load a m\n+00029790: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2032 206b 6572 6e65 ultiboot 2 kerne\n+000297a0: 6c2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986d 756c l.. ... ...mul\n+000297b0: 7469 626f 6f74 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 tiboot... - Load\n+000297c0: 2061 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 206b 6572 a multiboot ker\n+000297d0: 6e65 6c2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986e nel.. ... ...n\n+000297e0: 746c 6472 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 204e tldr... - Load N\n+000297f0: 544c 4452 206f 7220 426f 6f74 4d47 522e TLDR or BootMGR.\n+00029800: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9870 6c61 6e39 . ... ...plan9\n+00029810: e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2050 6c61 6e39 ... - Load Plan9\n+00029820: 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 kernel.. ... \n+00029830: e280 9870 7865 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 ...pxechainloade\n+00029840: 72e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6120 5058 r... - Load a PX\n+00029850: 4520 696d 6167 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 E image.. ... \n+00029860: e280 9874 7275 6563 7279 7074 e280 9920 ...truecrypt... \n+00029870: 2d20 4c6f 6164 2054 7275 6563 7279 7074 - Load Truecrypt\n+00029880: 2049 534f 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 ISO.. ... ...\n+00029890: 786e 755f 6b65 726e 656c 3634 e280 9920 xnu_kernel64... \n+000298a0: 2d20 4c6f 6164 2036 342d 6269 7420 584e - Load 64-bit XN\n+000298b0: 5520 696d 6167 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 U image.. ... \n+000298c0: e280 9878 6e75 5f6b 6572 6e65 6ce2 8099 ...xnu_kernel...\n+000298d0: 202d 204c 6f61 6420 584e 5520 696d 6167 - Load XNU imag\n+000298e0: 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 e.. ... ...xnu\n+000298f0: 5f6b 6578 7464 6972 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f _kextdir... - Lo\n+00029900: 6164 2058 4e55 2065 7874 656e 7369 6f6e ad XNU extension\n+00029910: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2e0a 2020 20e2 directory.. .\n+00029920: 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f 6b65 7874 e280 .. ...xnu_kext..\n+00029930: 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2058 4e55 2065 7874 . - Load XNU ext\n+00029940: 656e 7369 6f6e 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 ension.. ... .\n+00029950: 8098 786e 755f 6d6b 6578 74e2 8099 202d ..xnu_mkext... -\n+00029960: 204c 6f61 6420 584e 5520 6578 7465 6e73 Load XNU extens\n+00029970: 696f 6e20 7061 636b 6167 652e 0a20 2020 ion package.. \n+00029980: e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f72 616d 6469 ... ...xnu_ramdi\n+00029990: 736b e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2058 4e55 sk... - Load XNU\n+000299a0: 2072 616d 6469 736b 2e20 2049 7420 7769 ramdisk. It wi\n+000299b0: 6c6c 2062 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 ll be available \n+000299c0: 696e 204f 5320 6173 0a20 2020 2020 6d64 in OS as. md\n+000299d0: 302e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 0.. ... ...xnu\n+000299e0: 5f72 6573 756d 65e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 _resume... - Loa\n+000299f0: 6420 616e 2069 6d61 6765 206f 6620 6869 d an image of hi\n+00029a00: 6265 726e 6174 6564 2058 4e55 2e0a 2020 bernated XNU.. \n+00029a10: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f 7370 6c61 ... ...xnu_spla\n+00029a20: 7368 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 2073 sh... - Load a s\n+00029a30: 706c 6173 6820 696d 6167 6520 666f 7220 plash image for \n+00029a40: 584e 552e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a XNU...* Menu:..*\n+00029a50: 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 3a3a 2020 chainloader:: \n+00029a60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 C\n+00029a70: 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 616e 6f74 6865 hain-load anothe\n+00029a80: 7220 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 720a 2a20 r boot loader.* \n+00029a90: 696e 6974 7264 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 initrd:: \n+00029aa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f Lo\n+00029ab0: 6164 2061 204c 696e 7578 2069 6e69 7472 ad a Linux initr\n+00029ac0: 640a 2a20 696e 6974 7264 3136 3a3a 2020 d.* initrd16:: \n+00029ad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00029ae0: 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 204c 696e 7578 2069 Load a Linux i\n+00029af0: 6e69 7472 6420 2831 362d 6269 7420 6d6f nitrd (16-bit mo\n+00029b00: 6465 290a 2a20 6c69 6e75 783a 3a20 2020 de).* linux:: \n+00029b10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00029b20: 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 204c 696e 7578 Load a Linux\n+00029b30: 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2a20 6c69 6e75 7831 kernel.* linux1\n+00029b40: 363a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6:: \n+00029b50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 204c Load a L\n+00029b60: 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 2831 362d inux kernel (16-\n+00029b70: 6269 7420 6d6f 6465 290a 2a20 7865 6e5f bit mode).* xen_\n+00029b80: 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 3a3a 2020 2020 hypervisor:: \n+00029b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2078 Load x\n+00029ba0: 656e 2068 7970 6572 7669 736f 7220 6269 en hypervisor bi\n+00029bb0: 6e61 7279 2028 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 4141 nary (only on AA\n+00029bc0: 7263 6836 3429 0a2a 2078 656e 5f6d 6f64 rch64).* xen_mod\n+00029bd0: 756c 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ule:: \n+00029be0: 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 7865 6e20 Load xen \n+00029bf0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 666f 7220 7865 6e20 modules for xen \n+00029c00: 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2028 6f6e 6c79 hypervisor (only\n+00029c10: 206f 6e20 4141 7263 6836 3429 0a0a 1f0a on AArch64)....\n+00029c20: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00029c30: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 Node: chainloa\n+00029c40: 6465 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 696e 6974 der, Next: init\n+00029c50: 7264 2c20 2055 703a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 rd, Up: Loader \n+00029c60: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e32 2e31 commands..17.2.1\n+00029c70: 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 0a2d 2d2d chainloader.---\n+00029c80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00029c90: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6368 . -- Command: ch\n+00029ca0: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 5b2d 2d66 6f72 ainloader [--for\n+00029cb0: 6365 5d20 6669 6c65 205b 6172 6773 2e2e ce] file [args..\n+00029cc0: 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2046 494c .]. Load FIL\n+00029cd0: 4520 6173 2061 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 E as a chain-loa\n+00029ce0: 6465 722e 2020 4c69 6b65 2061 6e79 206f der. Like any o\n+00029cf0: 7468 6572 2066 696c 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 ther file loaded\n+00029d00: 2062 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 2066 696c by the. fil\n+00029d10: 6573 7973 7465 6d20 636f 6465 2c20 6974 esystem code, it\n+00029d20: 2063 616e 2075 7365 2074 6865 2062 6c6f can use the blo\n+00029d30: 636b 6c69 7374 206e 6f74 6174 696f 6e20 cklist notation \n+00029d40: 282a 6e6f 7465 2042 6c6f 636b 0a20 2020 (*note Block. \n+00029d50: 2020 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 list syntax::)\n+00029d60: 2074 6f20 6772 6162 2074 6865 2066 6972 to grab the fir\n+00029d70: 7374 2073 6563 746f 7220 6f66 2074 6865 st sector of the\n+00029d80: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2070 6172 7469 7469 current partiti\n+00029d90: 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 20e2 8098 on. with ...\n+00029da0: 2b31 e280 992e 2020 4f6e 2045 4649 2070 +1.... On EFI p\n+00029db0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2c20 616e 7920 6172 latforms, any ar\n+00029dc0: 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 6166 7465 7220 4649 guments after FI\n+00029dd0: 4c45 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 656e 740a LE will be sent.\n+00029de0: 2020 2020 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6c6f 6164 to the load\n+00029df0: 6564 2069 6d61 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 ed image... \n+00029e00: 4966 2079 6f75 2073 7065 6369 6679 2074 If you specify t\n+00029e10: 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d66 he option ...--f\n+00029e20: 6f72 6365 e280 992c 2074 6865 6e20 6c6f orce..., then lo\n+00029e30: 6164 2046 494c 4520 666f 7263 6962 6c79 ad FILE forcibly\n+00029e40: 2c0a 2020 2020 2077 6865 7468 6572 2069 ,. whether i\n+00029e50: 7420 6861 7320 6120 636f 7272 6563 7420 t has a correct \n+00029e60: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 6f72 206e 6f74 signature or not\n+00029e70: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2072 6571 7569 . This is requi\n+00029e80: 7265 6420 7768 656e 0a20 2020 2020 796f red when. yo\n+00029e90: 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 2061 u want to load a\n+00029ea0: 2064 6566 6563 7469 7665 2062 6f6f 7420 defective boot \n+00029eb0: 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 7375 6368 2061 7320 loader, such as \n+00029ec0: 5343 4f20 556e 6978 5761 7265 2037 2e31 SCO UnixWare 7.1\n+00029ed0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00029ee0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2069 6e69 info, Node: ini\n+00029ef0: 7472 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 696e 6974 trd, Next: init\n+00029f00: 7264 3136 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 6861 rd16, Prev: cha\n+00029f10: 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 2055 703a 204c inloader, Up: L\n+00029f20: 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a oader commands..\n+00029f30: 3137 2e32 2e32 2069 6e69 7472 640a 2d2d 17.2.2 initrd.--\n+00029f40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+00029f50: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 696e 6974 7264 Command: initrd\n+00029f60: 2066 696c 6520 5b66 696c 6520 2e2e 2e5d file [file ...]\n+00029f70: 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2c20 696e 206f . Load, in o\n+00029f80: 7264 6572 2c20 616c 6c20 696e 6974 7264 rder, all initrd\n+00029f90: 7320 666f 7220 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 s for a Linux ke\n+00029fa0: 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2c20 616e 6420 rnel image, and \n+00029fb0: 7365 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 2061 7070 set the. app\n+00029fc0: 726f 7072 6961 7465 2070 6172 616d 6574 ropriate paramet\n+00029fd0: 6572 7320 696e 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 ers in the Linux\n+00029fe0: 2073 6574 7570 2061 7265 6120 696e 206d setup area in m\n+00029ff0: 656d 6f72 792e 2020 5468 6973 206d 6179 emory. This may\n+0002a000: 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e 6c79 2062 6520 7573 . only be us\n+0002a010: 6564 2061 6674 6572 2074 6865 20e2 8098 ed after the ...\n+0002a020: 6c69 6e75 78e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 linux... command\n+0002a030: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 783a 3a29 (*note linux::)\n+0002a040: 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e0a 2020 2020 2072 has been. r\n+0002a050: 756e 2e20 2053 6565 202a 6e6f 7465 2047 un. See *note G\n+0002a060: 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 3a3a 2066 6f72 206d NU/Linux:: for m\n+0002a070: 6f72 6520 696e 666f 206f 6e20 626f 6f74 ore info on boot\n+0002a080: 696e 6720 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 782e 0a20 ing GNU/Linux.. \n+0002a090: 2020 2020 466f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 For more inf\n+0002a0a0: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 696e 6974 ormation on init\n+0002a0b0: 7264 7320 7365 6520 7468 6520 474e 552f rds see the GNU/\n+0002a0c0: 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 0a20 2020 Linux kernel. \n+0002a0d0: 2020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e0a documentation.\n+0002a0e0: 2020 2020 2028 6874 7470 733a 2f2f 646f (https://do\n+0002a0f0: 6373 2e6b 6572 6e65 6c2e 6f72 672f 6669 cs.kernel.org/fi\n+0002a100: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 732f 7261 6d66 732d lesystems/ramfs-\n+0002a110: 726f 6f74 6673 2d69 6e69 7472 616d 6673 rootfs-initramfs\n+0002a120: 2e68 746d 6c29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4120 .html)... A \n+0002a130: 6e65 772d 7374 796c 6520 696e 6974 7264 new-style initrd\n+0002a140: 2028 666f 7220 6b65 726e 656c 7320 6e65 (for kernels ne\n+0002a150: 7765 7220 7468 616e 2032 2e36 2920 636f wer than 2.6) co\n+0002a160: 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 206f 6e65 2066 696c ntaining one fil\n+0002a170: 650a 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 6c65 6164 e. with lead\n+0002a180: 696e 6720 7061 7468 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 ing path compone\n+0002a190: 6e74 7320 6361 6e20 616c 736f 2062 6520 nts can also be \n+0002a1a0: 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 6174 2072 756e generated at run\n+0002a1b0: 2074 696d 652e 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 time.. This\n+0002a1c0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 646f 6e65 2062 7920 can be done by \n+0002a1d0: 7072 6566 6978 696e 6720 616e 2061 7267 prefixing an arg\n+0002a1e0: 756d 656e 7420 7769 7468 20e2 8098 6e65 ument with ...ne\n+0002a1f0: 7763 3ae2 8099 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 wc:... followed \n+0002a200: 6279 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 7061 7468 by. the path\n+0002a210: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2069 6e20 of the file in \n+0002a220: 7468 6520 6e65 7720 696e 6974 7264 2c20 the new initrd, \n+0002a230: 6120 e280 983a e280 992c 2061 6e64 2074 a ...:..., and t\n+0002a240: 6865 6e20 7468 6520 4752 5542 0a20 2020 hen the GRUB. \n+0002a250: 2020 6669 6c65 2070 6174 6820 746f 2074 file path to t\n+0002a260: 6865 2066 696c 6520 6461 7461 2074 6f20 he file data to \n+0002a270: 6265 2062 6520 696e 636c 7564 6564 2e0a be be included..\n+0002a280: 0a20 2020 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c . For exampl\n+0002a290: 653a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e69 e:. ini\n+0002a2a0: 7472 6420 6e65 7763 3a2f 6574 632f 7373 trd newc:/etc/ss\n+0002a2b0: 682f 636f 6e66 6967 3a28 6864 302c 3229 h/config:(hd0,2)\n+0002a2c0: 2f68 6f6d 652f 7573 6572 2f2e 7373 682f /home/user/.ssh/\n+0002a2d0: 636f 6e66 6967 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 config \\. \n+0002a2e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 7763 3a2f newc:/\n+0002a2f0: 6574 632f 7373 682f 7373 685f 686f 7374 etc/ssh/ssh_host\n+0002a300: 5f72 7361 5f6b 6579 3a2f 6574 632f 7373 _rsa_key:/etc/ss\n+0002a310: 682f 7373 685f 686f 7374 5f72 7361 5f6b h/ssh_host_rsa_k\n+0002a320: 6579 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ey \\. \n+0002a330: 2020 2020 2020 2f62 6f6f 742f 696e 6974 /boot/init\n+0002a340: 7264 2e67 7a20 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 rd.gz \\. \n+0002a350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6577 633a 2f69 newc:/i\n+0002a360: 6e69 743a 2f68 6f6d 652f 7573 6572 2f69 nit:/home/user/i\n+0002a370: 6e69 742e 6669 7865 640a 0a20 2020 2020 nit.fixed.. \n+0002a380: 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2077 696c This command wil\n+0002a390: 6c20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 2074 776f 206e l generate two n\n+0002a3a0: 6577 2d73 7479 6c65 2069 6e69 7472 6473 ew-style initrds\n+0002a3b0: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 666c 792e 2020 5468 on the fly. Th\n+0002a3c0: 650a 2020 2020 2066 6972 7374 2063 6f6e e. first con\n+0002a3d0: 7461 696e 7320 7468 6520 7061 7468 20e2 tains the path .\n+0002a3e0: 8098 2f65 7463 2f73 7368 2f63 6f6e 6669 ../etc/ssh/confi\n+0002a3f0: 67e2 8099 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 636f g... with the co\n+0002a400: 6e74 656e 7473 206f 660a 2020 2020 20e2 ntents of. .\n+0002a410: 8098 2868 6430 2c32 292f 686f 6d65 2f75 ..(hd0,2)/home/u\n+0002a420: 7365 722f 2e73 7368 2f63 6f6e 6669 67e2 ser/.ssh/config.\n+0002a430: 8099 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2070 6174 680a .. and the path.\n+0002a440: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 2f73 7368 .../etc/ssh\n+0002a450: 2f73 7368 5f68 6f73 745f 7273 615f 6b65 /ssh_host_rsa_ke\n+0002a460: 79e2 8099 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 636f y... with the co\n+0002a470: 6e74 656e 7473 206f 660a 2020 2020 20e2 ntents of. .\n+0002a480: 8098 2f65 7463 2f73 7368 2f73 7368 5f68 ../etc/ssh/ssh_h\n+0002a490: 6f73 745f 7273 615f 6b65 79e2 8099 206f ost_rsa_key... o\n+0002a4a0: 6e20 7468 6520 524f 4f54 2064 6576 6963 n the ROOT devic\n+0002a4b0: 652e 2020 5061 7265 6e74 2064 6972 6563 e. Parent direc\n+0002a4c0: 746f 7279 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7468 7320 tory. paths \n+0002a4d0: 7769 6c6c 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c will automatical\n+0002a4e0: 6c79 2062 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 ly be generated \n+0002a4f0: 6173 206e 6565 6465 642e 2020 5468 6973 as needed. This\n+0002a500: 2066 6972 7374 0a20 2020 2020 6765 6e65 first. gene\n+0002a510: 7261 7465 6420 696e 6974 7264 2077 696c rated initrd wil\n+0002a520: 6c20 7468 656e 2068 6176 6520 e280 982f l then have .../\n+0002a530: 626f 6f74 2f69 6e69 7472 642e 677a e280 boot/initrd.gz..\n+0002a540: 9920 636f 6e63 6174 656e 6174 6564 0a20 . concatenated. \n+0002a550: 2020 2020 6166 7465 7220 6974 2e20 204e after it. N\n+0002a560: 6578 742c 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 206e 6577 ext, another new\n+0002a570: 2d73 7479 6c65 2061 7263 6869 7665 2077 -style archive w\n+0002a580: 696c 6c20 6265 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 ill be generated\n+0002a590: 2077 6974 680a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 with. the c\n+0002a5a0: 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 20e2 8098 2f68 ontents of .../h\n+0002a5b0: 6f6d 652f 7573 6572 2f69 6e69 742e 6669 ome/user/init.fi\n+0002a5c0: 7865 64e2 8099 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7061 xed... in the pa\n+0002a5d0: 7468 20e2 8098 2f69 6e69 74e2 8099 2061 th .../init... a\n+0002a5e0: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6170 7065 6e64 6564 nd. appended\n+0002a5f0: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7072 6576 696f 7573 to the previous\n+0002a600: 2063 6f6e 6361 7465 6e61 7469 6f6e 2e20 concatenation. \n+0002a610: 2046 696e 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 6520 7265 Finally, the re\n+0002a620: 7375 6c74 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 2062 sult will. b\n+0002a630: 6520 7365 6e74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6b65 e sent to the ke\n+0002a640: 726e 656c 2077 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 6564 rnel when booted\n+0002a650: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4b65 6570 2069 6e20 ... Keep in \n+0002a660: 6d69 6e64 2074 6861 7420 7061 7468 7320 mind that paths \n+0002a670: 7468 6174 2063 6f6d 6520 6c61 7465 7220 that come later \n+0002a680: 7769 6c6c 2074 616b 6520 7072 6563 6564 will take preced\n+0002a690: 656e 6365 2e20 2053 6f0a 2020 2020 2069 ence. So. i\n+0002a6a0: 6e20 7468 6520 6578 616d 706c 6520 6162 n the example ab\n+0002a6b0: 6f76 652c 2074 6865 2067 656e 6572 6174 ove, the generat\n+0002a6c0: 6564 2070 6174 6820 e280 982f 696e 6974 ed path .../init\n+0002a6d0: e280 9920 7769 6c6c 206f 7665 7277 7269 ... will overwri\n+0002a6e0: 7465 2061 6e79 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982f te any. .../\n+0002a6f0: 696e 6974 e280 9920 696e 20e2 8098 2f62 init... in .../b\n+0002a700: 6f6f 742f 696e 6974 7264 2e67 7ae2 8099 oot/initrd.gz...\n+0002a710: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2075 . This can be u\n+0002a720: 7365 6675 6c20 7768 656e 2063 6861 6e67 seful when chang\n+0002a730: 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 2020 206d 6169 ing the. mai\n+0002a740: 6e20 696e 6974 7264 2069 7320 756e 6465 n initrd is unde\n+0002a750: 7369 7261 626c 6520 6f72 2064 6966 6669 sirable or diffi\n+0002a760: 6375 6c74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 cult.....File: g\n+0002a770: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0002a780: 2069 6e69 7472 6431 362c 2020 4e65 7874 initrd16, Next\n+0002a790: 3a20 6c69 6e75 782c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 : linux, Prev: \n+0002a7a0: 696e 6974 7264 2c20 2055 703a 204c 6f61 initrd, Up: Loa\n+0002a7b0: 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 der commands..17\n+0002a7c0: 2e32 2e33 2069 6e69 7472 6431 360a 2d2d .2.3 initrd16.--\n+0002a7d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+0002a7e0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 696e 6974 -- Command: init\n+0002a7f0: 7264 3136 2066 696c 6520 5b66 696c 6520 rd16 file [file \n+0002a800: 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2c20 ...]. Load, \n+0002a810: 696e 206f 7264 6572 2c20 616c 6c20 696e in order, all in\n+0002a820: 6974 7264 7320 666f 7220 6120 4c69 6e75 itrds for a Linu\n+0002a830: 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2074 x kernel image t\n+0002a840: 6f20 6265 2062 6f6f 7465 640a 2020 2020 o be booted. \n+0002a850: 2069 6e20 3136 2d62 6974 206d 6f64 652c in 16-bit mode,\n+0002a860: 2061 6e64 2073 6574 2074 6865 2061 7070 and set the app\n+0002a870: 726f 7072 6961 7465 2070 6172 616d 6574 ropriate paramet\n+0002a880: 6572 7320 696e 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 ers in the Linux\n+0002a890: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7475 7020 6172 6561 . setup area\n+0002a8a0: 2069 6e20 6d65 6d6f 7279 2e20 2054 6869 in memory. Thi\n+0002a8b0: 7320 6d61 7920 6f6e 6c79 2062 6520 7573 s may only be us\n+0002a8c0: 6564 2061 6674 6572 2074 6865 20e2 8098 ed after the ...\n+0002a8d0: 6c69 6e75 7831 36e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 linux16.... \n+0002a8e0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206c command (*note l\n+0002a8f0: 696e 7578 3136 3a3a 2920 6861 7320 6265 inux16::) has be\n+0002a900: 656e 2072 756e 2e20 2053 6565 2061 6c73 en run. See als\n+0002a910: 6f20 2a6e 6f74 6520 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 o *note GNU/Linu\n+0002a920: 783a 3a0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2074 6865 x::. and the\n+0002a930: 20e2 8098 696e 6974 7264 e280 9920 636f ...initrd... co\n+0002a940: 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 mmand (*note ini\n+0002a950: 7472 643a 3a29 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 trd::) for more \n+0002a960: 6465 7461 696c 7320 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 details on. \n+0002a970: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 arguments... \n+0002a980: 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 This command is\n+0002a990: 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 only available \n+0002a9a0: 6f6e 2074 6865 2070 6320 706c 6174 666f on the pc platfo\n+0002a9b0: 726d 2066 6f72 2078 3836 2073 7973 7465 rm for x86 syste\n+0002a9c0: 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ms.....File: gru\n+0002a9d0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c b.info, Node: l\n+0002a9e0: 696e 7578 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 696e inux, Next: lin\n+0002a9f0: 7578 3136 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2069 6e69 ux16, Prev: ini\n+0002aa00: 7472 6431 362c 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 trd16, Up: Load\n+0002aa10: 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e er commands..17.\n+0002aa20: 322e 3420 6c69 6e75 780a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2.4 linux.------\n+0002aa30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+0002aa40: 616e 643a 206c 696e 7578 2066 696c 6520 and: linux file \n+0002aa50: 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 .... Load a \n+0002aa60: 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 Linux kernel ima\n+0002aa70: 6765 2066 726f 6d20 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 ge from FILE. T\n+0002aa80: 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c he rest of the l\n+0002aa90: 696e 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7373 ine is. pass\n+0002aaa0: 6564 2076 6572 6261 7469 6d20 6173 2074 ed verbatim as t\n+0002aab0: 6865 20e2 809c 6b65 726e 656c 2063 6f6d he ...kernel com\n+0002aac0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 65e2 809d 2e20 2041 mand-line.... A\n+0002aad0: 6e79 2069 6e69 7472 6420 6d75 7374 2062 ny initrd must b\n+0002aae0: 650a 2020 2020 2072 656c 6f61 6465 6420 e. reloaded \n+0002aaf0: 6166 7465 7220 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 after using this\n+0002ab00: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 command (*note \n+0002ab10: 696e 6974 7264 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 initrd::)... \n+0002ab20: 204f 6e20 7838 3620 7379 7374 656d 732c On x86 systems,\n+0002ab30: 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 7769 6c6c the kernel will\n+0002ab40: 2062 6520 626f 6f74 6564 2075 7369 6e67 be booted using\n+0002ab50: 2074 6865 2033 322d 6269 7420 626f 6f74 the 32-bit boot\n+0002ab60: 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2e20 . protocol. \n+0002ab70: 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2074 6869 7320 Note that this \n+0002ab80: 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 20e2 means that the .\n+0002ab90: 8098 7667 613d e280 9920 626f 6f74 206f ..vga=... boot o\n+0002aba0: 7074 696f 6e20 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 ption will. \n+0002abb0: 6e6f 7420 776f 726b 3b20 6966 2079 6f75 not work; if you\n+0002abc0: 2077 616e 7420 746f 2073 6574 2061 2073 want to set a s\n+0002abd0: 7065 6369 616c 2076 6964 656f 206d 6f64 pecial video mod\n+0002abe0: 652c 2079 6f75 2077 696c 6c20 6e65 6564 e, you will need\n+0002abf0: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2075 7365 2047 5255 to. use GRU\n+0002ac00: 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2073 7563 6820 B commands such \n+0002ac10: 6173 20e2 8098 7365 7420 6766 7870 6179 as ...set gfxpay\n+0002ac20: 6c6f 6164 3d31 3032 3478 3736 38e2 8099 load=1024x768...\n+0002ac30: 206f 7220 e280 9873 6574 0a20 2020 2020 or ...set. \n+0002ac40: 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 3d6b 6565 70e2 gfxpayload=keep.\n+0002ac50: 8099 2028 746f 206b 6565 7020 7468 6520 .. (to keep the \n+0002ac60: 7361 6d65 206d 6f64 6520 6173 2075 7365 same mode as use\n+0002ac70: 6420 696e 2047 5255 4229 2069 6e73 7465 d in GRUB) inste\n+0002ac80: 6164 2e0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 6361 ad.. GRUB ca\n+0002ac90: 6e20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 n automatically \n+0002aca0: 6465 7465 6374 2073 6f6d 6520 7573 6573 detect some uses\n+0002acb0: 206f 6620 e280 9876 6761 3de2 8099 2061 of ...vga=... a\n+0002acc0: 6e64 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7465 0a20 2020 nd translate. \n+0002acd0: 2020 7468 656d 2074 6f20 6170 7072 6f70 them to approp\n+0002ace0: 7269 6174 6520 7365 7474 696e 6773 206f riate settings o\n+0002acf0: 6620 e280 9867 6678 7061 796c 6f61 64e2 f ...gfxpayload.\n+0002ad00: 8099 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 ... The ...linu\n+0002ad10: 7831 36e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d x16.... comm\n+0002ad20: 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 696e 7578 and (*note linux\n+0002ad30: 3136 3a3a 2920 6176 6f69 6473 2074 6869 16::) avoids thi\n+0002ad40: 7320 7265 7374 7269 6374 696f 6e2e 0a0a s restriction...\n+0002ad50: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0002ad60: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 6e75 7831 o, Node: linux1\n+0002ad70: 362c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7865 6e5f 6879 6, Next: xen_hy\n+0002ad80: 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2c20 2050 7265 763a pervisor, Prev:\n+0002ad90: 206c 696e 7578 2c20 2055 703a 204c 6f61 linux, Up: Loa\n+0002ada0: 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 der commands..17\n+0002adb0: 2e32 2e35 206c 696e 7578 3136 0a2d 2d2d .2.5 linux16.---\n+0002adc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+0002add0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c69 6e75 7831 Command: linux1\n+0002ade0: 3620 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 6 file .... \n+0002adf0: 4c6f 6164 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 Load a Linux ker\n+0002ae00: 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6520 6672 6f6d 2046 nel image from F\n+0002ae10: 494c 4520 696e 2031 362d 6269 7420 6d6f ILE in 16-bit mo\n+0002ae20: 6465 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 de. The rest of\n+0002ae30: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2069 . the line i\n+0002ae40: 7320 7061 7373 6564 2076 6572 6261 7469 s passed verbati\n+0002ae50: 6d20 6173 2074 6865 20e2 809c 6b65 726e m as the ...kern\n+0002ae60: 656c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 65e2 el command-line.\n+0002ae70: 809d 2e20 2041 6e79 0a20 2020 2020 696e ... Any. in\n+0002ae80: 6974 7264 206d 7573 7420 6265 2072 656c itrd must be rel\n+0002ae90: 6f61 6465 6420 6166 7465 7220 7573 696e oaded after usin\n+0002aea0: 6720 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 g this command (\n+0002aeb0: 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2069 6e69 7472 *note. initr\n+0002aec0: 6431 363a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 d16::)... Th\n+0002aed0: 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2077 696c 6c20 6265 e kernel will be\n+0002aee0: 2062 6f6f 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 7468 booted using th\n+0002aef0: 6520 7472 6164 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 3136 e traditional 16\n+0002af00: 2d62 6974 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2070 -bit boot. p\n+0002af10: 726f 746f 636f 6c2e 2020 4173 2077 656c rotocol. As wel\n+0002af20: 6c20 6173 2062 7970 6173 7369 6e67 2070 l as bypassing p\n+0002af30: 726f 626c 656d 7320 7769 7468 20e2 8098 roblems with ...\n+0002af40: 7667 613d e280 9920 6465 7363 7269 6265 vga=... describe\n+0002af50: 6420 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2a6e 6f74 6520 d in. *note \n+0002af60: 6c69 6e75 783a 3a2c 2074 6869 7320 7065 linux::, this pe\n+0002af70: 726d 6974 7320 626f 6f74 696e 6720 736f rmits booting so\n+0002af80: 6d65 206f 7468 6572 2070 726f 6772 616d me other program\n+0002af90: 7320 7468 6174 0a20 2020 2020 696d 706c s that. impl\n+0002afa0: 656d 656e 7420 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 ement the Linux \n+0002afb0: 626f 6f74 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c20 666f boot protocol fo\n+0002afc0: 7220 7468 6520 7361 6b65 206f 6620 636f r the sake of co\n+0002afd0: 6e76 656e 6965 6e63 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 nvenience... \n+0002afe0: 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 This command is\n+0002aff0: 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 only available \n+0002b000: 6f6e 2078 3836 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a on x86 systems..\n+0002b010: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0002b020: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2078 656e 5f68 fo, Node: xen_h\n+0002b030: 7970 6572 7669 736f 722c 2020 4e65 7874 ypervisor, Next\n+0002b040: 3a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 2c20 2050 : xen_module, P\n+0002b050: 7265 763a 206c 696e 7578 3136 2c20 2055 rev: linux16, U\n+0002b060: 703a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e p: Loader comman\n+0002b070: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e32 2e36 2078 656e 5f68 ds..17.2.6 xen_h\n+0002b080: 7970 6572 7669 736f 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ypervisor.------\n+0002b090: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+0002b0a0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7865 . -- Command: xe\n+0002b0b0: 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2066 696c n_hypervisor fil\n+0002b0c0: 6520 5b61 7267 756d 656e 7473 5d20 2e2e e [arguments] ..\n+0002b0d0: 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 5865 .. Load a Xe\n+0002b0e0: 6e20 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2062 696e n hypervisor bin\n+0002b0f0: 6172 7920 6672 6f6d 2046 494c 452e 2020 ary from FILE. \n+0002b100: 5468 6520 7265 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 The rest of the \n+0002b110: 6c69 6e65 2069 730a 2020 2020 2070 6173 line is. pas\n+0002b120: 7365 6420 7665 7262 6174 696d 2061 7320 sed verbatim as \n+0002b130: 7468 6520 e280 9c6b 6572 6e65 6c20 636f the ...kernel co\n+0002b140: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 e280 9d2e 2020 mmand-line.... \n+0002b150: 416e 7920 6f74 6865 7220 6269 6e61 7269 Any other binari\n+0002b160: 6573 0a20 2020 2020 6d75 7374 2062 6520 es. must be \n+0002b170: 7265 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 6674 6572 2075 reloaded after u\n+0002b180: 7369 6e67 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e sing this comman\n+0002b190: 642e 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 d. This command\n+0002b1a0: 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 6176 is only. av\n+0002b1b0: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2041 4172 6368 ailable on AArch\n+0002b1c0: 3634 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 64 systems.....F\n+0002b1d0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0002b1e0: 204e 6f64 653a 2078 656e 5f6d 6f64 756c Node: xen_modul\n+0002b1f0: 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7865 6e5f 6879 e, Prev: xen_hy\n+0002b200: 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2c20 2055 703a 204c pervisor, Up: L\n+0002b210: 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a oader commands..\n+0002b220: 3137 2e32 2e37 2078 656e 5f6d 6f64 756c 17.2.7 xen_modul\n+0002b230: 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d e.--------------\n+0002b240: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+0002b250: 3a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 205b 2d2d : xen_module [--\n+0002b260: 6e6f 756e 7a69 705d 2066 696c 6520 5b61 nounzip] file [a\n+0002b270: 7267 756d 656e 7473 5d0a 2020 2020 204c rguments]. L\n+0002b280: 6f61 6420 6120 6d6f 6475 6c65 2066 6f72 oad a module for\n+0002b290: 2078 656e 2068 7970 6572 7669 736f 7220 xen hypervisor \n+0002b2a0: 6174 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2070 at the booting p\n+0002b2b0: 726f 6365 7373 206f 6620 7865 6e2e 0a20 rocess of xen.. \n+0002b2c0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 7265 7374 206f 6620 The rest of \n+0002b2d0: 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2069 7320 7061 7373 the line is pass\n+0002b2e0: 6564 2076 6572 6261 7469 6d20 6173 2074 ed verbatim as t\n+0002b2f0: 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e he module comman\n+0002b300: 6420 6c69 6e65 2e0a 2020 2020 204d 6f64 d line.. Mod\n+0002b310: 756c 6573 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 206c ules should be l\n+0002b320: 6f61 6465 6420 696e 2074 6865 2066 6f6c oaded in the fol\n+0002b330: 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7264 6572 3a20 2d20 lowing order: - \n+0002b340: 646f 6d30 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 dom0 kernel. \n+0002b350: 2069 6d61 6765 202d 2064 6f6d 3020 7261 image - dom0 ra\n+0002b360: 6d64 6973 6b20 6966 2070 7265 7365 6e74 mdisk if present\n+0002b370: 202d 2058 534d 2070 6f6c 6963 7920 6966 - XSM policy if\n+0002b380: 2070 7265 7365 6e74 2054 6869 730a 2020 present This. \n+0002b390: 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e command is on\n+0002b3a0: 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 ly available on \n+0002b3b0: 4141 7263 6836 3420 7379 7374 656d 732e AArch64 systems.\n+0002b3c0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0002b3d0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4765 6e65 nfo, Node: Gene\n+0002b3e0: 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 204e ral commands, N\n+0002b3f0: 6578 743a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e ext: Command-lin\n+0002b400: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2050 7265 e commands, Pre\n+0002b410: 763a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e v: Loader comman\n+0002b420: 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ds, Up: Command\n+0002b430: 730a 0a31 372e 3320 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 s..17.3 General \n+0002b440: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d commands.=======\n+0002b450: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n+0002b460: 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 2075 7361 626c 6520 Commands usable \n+0002b470: 616e 7977 6865 7265 2069 6e20 7468 6520 anywhere in the \n+0002b480: 6d65 6e75 2061 6e64 2069 6e20 7468 6520 menu and in the \n+0002b490: 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2e0a 0a2a command-line...*\n+0002b4a0: 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 7365 7269 616c Menu:..* serial\n+0002b4b0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+0002b4c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 7570 2061 Set up a\n+0002b4d0: 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6465 7669 6365 0a2a serial device.*\n+0002b4e0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 743a terminal_input:\n+0002b4f0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d : M\n+0002b500: 616e 6167 6520 696e 7075 7420 7465 726d anage input term\n+0002b510: 696e 616c 730a 2a20 7465 726d 696e 616c inals.* terminal\n+0002b520: 5f6f 7574 7075 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 _output:: \n+0002b530: 2020 2020 2020 4d61 6e61 6765 206f 7574 Manage out\n+0002b540: 7075 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c 730a 2a20 put terminals.* \n+0002b550: 7465 726d 696e 666f 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 terminfo:: \n+0002b560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4465 De\n+0002b570: 6669 6e65 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7479 fine terminal ty\n+0002b580: 7065 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 pe....File: grub\n+0002b590: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7365 .info, Node: se\n+0002b5a0: 7269 616c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 6572 rial, Next: ter\n+0002b5b0: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 742c 2020 5570 minal_input, Up\n+0002b5c0: 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e : General comman\n+0002b5d0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e33 2e31 2073 6572 6961 ds..17.3.1 seria\n+0002b5e0: 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a l.-------------.\n+0002b5f0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7365 . -- Command: se\n+0002b600: 7269 616c 205b 2d2d 756e 6974 3d75 6e69 rial [--unit=uni\n+0002b610: 745d 205b 2d2d 706f 7274 3d70 6f72 745d t] [--port=port]\n+0002b620: 205b 2d2d 7370 6565 643d 7370 6565 645d [--speed=speed]\n+0002b630: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 776f . [--wo\n+0002b640: 7264 3d77 6f72 645d 205b 2d2d 7061 7269 rd=word] [--pari\n+0002b650: 7479 3d70 6172 6974 795d 205b 2d2d 7374 ty=parity] [--st\n+0002b660: 6f70 3d73 746f 705d 0a20 2020 2020 496e op=stop]. In\n+0002b670: 6974 6961 6c69 7a65 2061 2073 6572 6961 itialize a seria\n+0002b680: 6c20 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2055 4e49 5420 l device. UNIT \n+0002b690: 6973 2061 206e 756d 6265 7220 696e 2074 is a number in t\n+0002b6a0: 6865 2072 616e 6765 2030 2d33 0a20 2020 he range 0-3. \n+0002b6b0: 2020 7370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2077 6869 specifying whi\n+0002b6c0: 6368 2073 6572 6961 6c20 706f 7274 2074 ch serial port t\n+0002b6d0: 6f20 7573 653b 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 o use; default i\n+0002b6e0: 7320 302c 2077 6869 6368 0a20 2020 2020 s 0, which. \n+0002b6f0: 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 7320 746f 2074 corresponds to t\n+0002b700: 6865 2070 6f72 7420 6f66 7465 6e20 6361 he port often ca\n+0002b710: 6c6c 6564 2043 4f4d 312e 0a0a 2020 2020 lled COM1... \n+0002b720: 2050 4f52 5420 6973 2074 6865 2049 2f4f PORT is the I/O\n+0002b730: 2070 6f72 7420 7768 6572 6520 7468 6520 port where the \n+0002b740: 5541 5254 2069 7320 746f 2062 6520 666f UART is to be fo\n+0002b750: 756e 6420 6f72 2c20 6966 2070 7265 6669 und or, if prefi\n+0002b760: 7865 640a 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 e280 xed. with ..\n+0002b770: 986d 6d69 6f2c e280 992c 2074 6865 204d .mmio,..., the M\n+0002b780: 4d49 4f20 6164 6472 6573 7320 6f66 2074 MIO address of t\n+0002b790: 6865 2055 4152 542e 2049 6620 7370 6563 he UART. If spec\n+0002b7a0: 6966 6965 6420 6974 2074 616b 6573 0a20 ified it takes. \n+0002b7b0: 2020 2020 7072 6563 6564 656e 6365 206f precedence o\n+0002b7c0: 7665 7220 554e 4954 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 ver UNIT... \n+0002b7d0: 4164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2c20 616e Additionally, an\n+0002b7e0: 204d 4d49 4f20 6164 6472 6573 7320 6361 MMIO address ca\n+0002b7f0: 6e20 6265 2073 7566 6669 7865 6420 7769 n be suffixed wi\n+0002b800: 7468 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 th:. ... \n+0002b810: e280 982e 62e2 8099 2066 6f72 2062 7974 ....b... for byt\n+0002b820: 6573 2061 6363 6573 7320 2864 6566 6175 es access (defau\n+0002b830: 6c74 290a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 lt). ... \n+0002b840: e280 982e 77e2 8099 2066 6f72 2031 362d ....w... for 16-\n+0002b850: 6269 7420 776f 7264 2061 6363 6573 730a bit word access.\n+0002b860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 e280 982e ... ....\n+0002b870: 6ce2 8099 2066 6f72 2033 322d 6269 7420 l... for 32-bit \n+0002b880: 6c6f 6e67 2077 6f72 6420 6163 6365 7373 long word access\n+0002b890: 206f 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 or. ... \n+0002b8a0: e280 982e 71e2 8099 2066 6f72 2036 342d ....q... for 64-\n+0002b8b0: 6269 7420 6c6f 6e67 206c 6f6e 6720 776f bit long long wo\n+0002b8c0: 7264 2061 6363 6573 730a 0a20 2020 2020 rd access.. \n+0002b8d0: 416c 736f 2c20 504f 5254 2063 616e 2062 Also, PORT can b\n+0002b8e0: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6f72 6d20 e280 e of the form ..\n+0002b8f0: 9870 6369 2c58 583a 5858 2e58 e280 9920 .pci,XX:XX.X... \n+0002b900: 746f 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6520 6120 7365 to indicate a se\n+0002b910: 7269 616c 0a20 2020 2020 6465 7669 6365 rial. device\n+0002b920: 2065 7870 6f73 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 exposed on the \n+0002b930: 5043 4920 6275 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 PCI bus... S\n+0002b940: 5045 4544 2069 7320 7468 6520 7472 616e PEED is the tran\n+0002b950: 736d 6973 7369 6f6e 2073 7065 6564 3b20 smission speed; \n+0002b960: 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2039 3630 302e default is 9600.\n+0002b970: 2020 574f 5244 2061 6e64 2053 544f 500a WORD and STOP.\n+0002b980: 2020 2020 2061 7265 2074 6865 206e 756d are the num\n+0002b990: 6265 7220 6f66 2064 6174 6120 6269 7473 ber of data bits\n+0002b9a0: 2061 6e64 2073 746f 7020 6269 7473 2e20 and stop bits. \n+0002b9b0: 2044 6174 6120 6269 7473 206d 7573 7420 Data bits must \n+0002b9c0: 6265 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2072 be in. the r\n+0002b9d0: 616e 6765 2035 2d38 2061 6e64 2073 746f ange 5-8 and sto\n+0002b9e0: 7020 6269 7473 206d 7573 7420 6265 2031 p bits must be 1\n+0002b9f0: 206f 7220 322e 2020 4465 6661 756c 7420 or 2. Default \n+0002ba00: 6973 2038 2064 6174 6120 6269 7473 0a20 is 8 data bits. \n+0002ba10: 2020 2020 616e 6420 6f6e 6520 7374 6f70 and one stop\n+0002ba20: 2062 6974 2e20 2050 4152 4954 5920 6973 bit. PARITY is\n+0002ba30: 206f 6e65 206f 6620 e280 986e 6fe2 8099 one of ...no...\n+0002ba40: 2c20 e280 986f 6464 e280 992c 20e2 8098 , ...odd..., ...\n+0002ba50: 6576 656e e280 9920 616e 640a 2020 2020 even... and. \n+0002ba60: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 7320 746f 20e2 8098 defaults to ...\n+0002ba70: 6e6f e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 no...... If \n+0002ba80: 7061 7373 6564 206e 6f20 554e 4954 206e passed no UNIT n\n+0002ba90: 6f72 2050 4f52 542c 206f 7220 6966 2050 or PORT, or if P\n+0002baa0: 4f52 5420 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 ORT is set to ..\n+0002bab0: 9861 7574 6fe2 8099 2074 6865 6e20 4752 .auto... then GR\n+0002bac0: 5542 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2061 7474 UB. will att\n+0002bad0: 656d 7074 2074 6f20 7573 6520 4143 5049 empt to use ACPI\n+0002bae0: 2074 6f20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c to automaticall\n+0002baf0: 7920 6465 7465 6374 2074 6865 2073 7973 y detect the sys\n+0002bb00: 7465 6d20 6465 6661 756c 740a 2020 2020 tem default. \n+0002bb10: 2073 6572 6961 6c20 706f 7274 2061 6e64 serial port and\n+0002bb20: 2069 7473 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 its configurati\n+0002bb30: 6f6e 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6973 2069 6e66 on. If this inf\n+0002bb40: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6e6f 740a ormation is not.\n+0002bb50: 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2c20 available, \n+0002bb60: 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6465 6661 756c 7420 it will default \n+0002bb70: 746f 2055 4e49 5420 302e 0a0a 2020 2020 to UNIT 0... \n+0002bb80: 2054 6865 2073 6572 6961 6c20 706f 7274 The serial port\n+0002bb90: 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7573 6564 2061 7320 is not used as \n+0002bba0: 6120 636f 6d6d 756e 6963 6174 696f 6e20 a communication \n+0002bbb0: 6368 616e 6e65 6c20 756e 6c65 7373 2074 channel unless t\n+0002bbc0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9874 6572 6d69 he. ...termi\n+0002bbd0: 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 74e2 8099 206f 7220 nal_input... or \n+0002bbe0: e280 9874 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 ...terminal_outp\n+0002bbf0: 7574 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 ut... command is\n+0002bc00: 2075 7365 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 used (*note. \n+0002bc10: 2020 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 terminal_input\n+0002bc20: 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 7465 726d 696e ::, *note termin\n+0002bc30: 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 al_output::)... \n+0002bc40: 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 2c20 7661 6c69 6420 Note, valid \n+0002bc50: 504f 5254 2076 616c 7565 732c 2065 7863 PORT values, exc\n+0002bc60: 6c75 6469 6e67 2049 4f20 706f 7274 2061 luding IO port a\n+0002bc70: 6464 7265 7373 6573 2c20 6361 6e20 6265 ddresses, can be\n+0002bc80: 2066 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6279 206c found. by l\n+0002bc90: 6973 7469 6e67 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 isting terminals\n+0002bca0: 2077 6974 6820 e280 9874 6572 6d69 6e61 with ...termina\n+0002bcb0: 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 e280 992c 2073 656c l_output..., sel\n+0002bcc0: 6563 7469 6e67 2061 6c6c 206e 616d 6573 ecting all names\n+0002bcd0: 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6566 6978 6564 2062 . prefixed b\n+0002bce0: 7920 e280 9873 6572 6961 6c5f e280 9920 y ...serial_... \n+0002bcf0: 616e 6420 7265 6d6f 7669 6e67 2074 6861 and removing tha\n+0002bd00: 7420 7072 6566 6978 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 t prefix... \n+0002bd10: 4578 616d 706c 6573 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 Examples:. \n+0002bd20: 2020 2020 7365 7269 616c 202d 2d70 6f72 serial --por\n+0002bd30: 743d 3078 3366 3820 2d2d 7370 6565 643d t=0x3f8 --speed=\n+0002bd40: 3936 3030 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 9600. s\n+0002bd50: 6572 6961 6c20 2d2d 706f 7274 3d6d 6d69 erial --port=mmi\n+0002bd60: 6f2c 6665 6662 3030 3030 2e6c 202d 2d73 o,fefb0000.l --s\n+0002bd70: 7065 6564 3d31 3135 3230 300a 2020 2020 peed=115200. \n+0002bd80: 2020 2020 2020 7365 7269 616c 202d 2d70 serial --p\n+0002bd90: 6f72 743d 7063 692c 3030 3a31 362e 3320 ort=pci,00:16.3 \n+0002bda0: 2d2d 7370 6565 643d 3131 3532 3030 0a0a --speed=115200..\n+0002bdb0: 2020 2020 2053 6565 2061 6c73 6f20 2a6e See also *n\n+0002bdc0: 6f74 6520 5365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 ote Serial termi\n+0002bdd0: 6e61 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 nal::.....File: \n+0002bde0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0002bdf0: 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 : terminal_input\n+0002be00: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 , Next: termina\n+0002be10: 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 2c20 2050 7265 763a l_output, Prev:\n+0002be20: 2073 6572 6961 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 4765 serial, Up: Ge\n+0002be30: 6e65 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a neral commands..\n+0002be40: 3137 2e33 2e32 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 17.3.2 terminal_\n+0002be50: 696e 7075 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d input.----------\n+0002be60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+0002be70: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7465 726d 696e Command: termin\n+0002be80: 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 205b 2d2d 6170 7065 al_input [--appe\n+0002be90: 6e64 7c2d 2d72 656d 6f76 655d 205b 7465 nd|--remove] [te\n+0002bea0: 726d 696e 616c 315d 205b 7465 726d 696e rminal1] [termin\n+0002beb0: 616c 325d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 202e al2]. .\n+0002bec0: 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 206f 7220 ... List or \n+0002bed0: 7365 6c65 6374 2061 6e20 696e 7075 7420 select an input \n+0002bee0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 terminal... \n+0002bef0: 5769 7468 206e 6f20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 With no argument\n+0002bf00: 732c 206c 6973 7420 7468 6520 6163 7469 s, list the acti\n+0002bf10: 7665 2061 6e64 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 ve and available\n+0002bf20: 2069 6e70 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 input terminals\n+0002bf30: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 20e2 8098 ... With ...\n+0002bf40: 2d2d 6170 7065 6e64 e280 992c 2061 6464 --append..., add\n+0002bf50: 2074 6865 206e 616d 6564 2074 6572 6d69 the named termi\n+0002bf60: 6e61 6c73 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6c69 7374 nals to the list\n+0002bf70: 206f 6620 6163 7469 7665 0a20 2020 2020 of active. \n+0002bf80: 696e 7075 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c 733b input terminals;\n+0002bf90: 2061 6e79 206f 6620 7468 6573 6520 6d61 any of these ma\n+0002bfa0: 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2070 726f y be used to pro\n+0002bfb0: 7669 6465 2069 6e70 7574 2074 6f20 4752 vide input to GR\n+0002bfc0: 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 20e2 UB... With .\n+0002bfd0: 8098 2d2d 7265 6d6f 7665 e280 992c 2072 ..--remove..., r\n+0002bfe0: 656d 6f76 6520 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 emove the named \n+0002bff0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 terminals from t\n+0002c000: 6865 2061 6374 6976 6520 6c69 7374 2e0a he active list..\n+0002c010: 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 206e 6f20 6f70 . With no op\n+0002c020: 7469 6f6e 7320 6275 7420 6120 6c69 7374 tions but a list\n+0002c030: 206f 6620 7465 726d 696e 616c 206e 616d of terminal nam\n+0002c040: 6573 2c20 6d61 6b65 206f 6e6c 7920 7468 es, make only th\n+0002c050: 6520 6c69 7374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7465 e listed. te\n+0002c060: 726d 696e 616c 206e 616d 6573 2061 6374 rminal names act\n+0002c070: 6976 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ive.....File: gr\n+0002c080: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0002c090: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 742c terminal_output,\n+0002c0a0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7465 726d 696e 666f Next: terminfo\n+0002c0b0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 , Prev: termina\n+0002c0c0: 6c5f 696e 7075 742c 2020 5570 3a20 4765 l_input, Up: Ge\n+0002c0d0: 6e65 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a neral commands..\n+0002c0e0: 3137 2e33 2e33 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 17.3.3 terminal_\n+0002c0f0: 6f75 7470 7574 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d output.---------\n+0002c100: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+0002c110: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7465 726d -- Command: term\n+0002c120: 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 7420 5b2d 2d61 inal_output [--a\n+0002c130: 7070 656e 647c 2d2d 7265 6d6f 7665 5d20 ppend|--remove] \n+0002c140: 5b74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c31 5d20 5b74 6572 [terminal1] [ter\n+0002c150: 6d69 6e61 6c32 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 minal2]. \n+0002c160: 2020 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 .... List \n+0002c170: 6f72 2073 656c 6563 7420 616e 206f 7574 or select an out\n+0002c180: 7075 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e0a 0a20 put terminal... \n+0002c190: 2020 2020 5769 7468 206e 6f20 6172 6775 With no argu\n+0002c1a0: 6d65 6e74 732c 206c 6973 7420 7468 6520 ments, list the \n+0002c1b0: 6163 7469 7665 2061 6e64 2061 7661 696c active and avail\n+0002c1c0: 6162 6c65 206f 7574 7075 7420 7465 726d able output term\n+0002c1d0: 696e 616c 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 inals... Wit\n+0002c1e0: 6820 e280 982d 2d61 7070 656e 64e2 8099 h ...--append...\n+0002c1f0: 2c20 6164 6420 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 , add the named \n+0002c200: 7465 726d 696e 616c 7320 746f 2074 6865 terminals to the\n+0002c210: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2061 6374 6976 650a list of active.\n+0002c220: 2020 2020 206f 7574 7075 7420 7465 726d output term\n+0002c230: 696e 616c 733b 2061 6c6c 206f 6620 7468 inals; all of th\n+0002c240: 6573 6520 7769 6c6c 2072 6563 6569 7665 ese will receive\n+0002c250: 206f 7574 7075 7420 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 output from GRU\n+0002c260: 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 e280 B... With ..\n+0002c270: 982d 2d72 656d 6f76 65e2 8099 2c20 7265 .--remove..., re\n+0002c280: 6d6f 7665 2074 6865 206e 616d 6564 2074 move the named t\n+0002c290: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 2066 726f 6d20 7468 erminals from th\n+0002c2a0: 6520 6163 7469 7665 206c 6973 742e 0a0a e active list...\n+0002c2b0: 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 6e6f 206f 7074 With no opt\n+0002c2c0: 696f 6e73 2062 7574 2061 206c 6973 7420 ions but a list \n+0002c2d0: 6f66 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6e61 6d65 of terminal name\n+0002c2e0: 732c 206d 616b 6520 6f6e 6c79 2074 6865 s, make only the\n+0002c2f0: 206c 6973 7465 640a 2020 2020 2074 6572 listed. ter\n+0002c300: 6d69 6e61 6c20 6e61 6d65 7320 6163 7469 minal names acti\n+0002c310: 7665 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ve.....File: gru\n+0002c320: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 b.info, Node: t\n+0002c330: 6572 6d69 6e66 6f2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 erminfo, Prev: \n+0002c340: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 742c terminal_output,\n+0002c350: 2020 5570 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f Up: General co\n+0002c360: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e33 2e34 2074 mmands..17.3.4 t\n+0002c370: 6572 6d69 6e66 6f0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d erminfo.--------\n+0002c380: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0002c390: 6d61 6e64 3a20 7465 726d 696e 666f 205b mand: terminfo [\n+0002c3a0: 2d61 7c2d 757c 2d76 5d20 5b2d 6720 5778 -a|-u|-v] [-g Wx\n+0002c3b0: 485d 205b 7465 726d 5d20 5b74 7970 655d H] [term] [type]\n+0002c3c0: 0a20 2020 2020 4465 6669 6e65 2074 6865 . 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2020 5374 St\n+0002cb40: 6172 7420 7570 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 6572 art up your oper\n+0002cb50: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 0a2a 2063 ating system.* c\n+0002cb60: 6174 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 at:: \n+0002cb70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 686f Sho\n+0002cb80: 7720 7468 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f w the contents o\n+0002cb90: 6620 6120 6669 6c65 0a2a 2063 6c65 6172 f a file.* clear\n+0002cba0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+0002cbb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6c65 6172 2074 Clear t\n+0002cbc0: 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e0a 2a20 636d 6f73 he screen.* cmos\n+0002cbd0: 636c 6561 6e3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 clean:: \n+0002cbe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 436c 6561 7220 Clear \n+0002cbf0: 6269 7420 696e 2043 4d4f 530a 2a20 636d bit in CMOS.* cm\n+0002cc00: 6f73 6475 6d70 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 osdump:: \n+0002cc10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4475 6d70 Dump\n+0002cc20: 2043 4d4f 5320 636f 6e74 656e 7473 0a2a CMOS contents.*\n+0002cc30: 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 743a 3a20 2020 2020 cmostest:: \n+0002cc40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 T\n+0002cc50: 6573 7420 6269 7420 696e 2043 4d4f 530a est bit in CMOS.\n+0002cc60: 2a20 636d 703a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 * cmp:: \n 0002cc70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002cc80: 2020 2020 436f 6d70 6172 6520 7477 6f20 Compare two \n-0002cc90: 6669 6c65 730a 2a20 636f 6e66 6967 6669 files.* configfi\n-0002cca0: 6c65 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 le:: \n-0002ccb0: 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 2063 6f6e Load a con\n-0002ccc0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 650a figuration file.\n-0002ccd0: 2a20 6370 7569 643a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 * cpuid:: \n-0002cce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002ccf0: 4368 6563 6b20 666f 7220 4350 5520 6665 Check for CPU fe\n-0002cd00: 6174 7572 6573 0a2a 2063 7263 3a3a 2020 atures.* crc:: \n+0002cc80: 436f 6d70 6172 6520 7477 6f20 6669 6c65 Compare two file\n+0002cc90: 730a 2a20 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 3a3a s.* configfile::\n+0002cca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002ccb0: 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 Load a configu\n+0002ccc0: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 650a 2a20 6370 ration file.* cp\n+0002ccd0: 7569 643a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 uid:: \n+0002cce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4368 6563 Chec\n+0002ccf0: 6b20 666f 7220 4350 5520 6665 6174 7572 k for CPU featur\n+0002cd00: 6573 0a2a 2063 7263 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 es.* crc:: \n 0002cd10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002cd20: 2020 2020 2020 2043 6f6d 7075 7465 206f Compute o\n-0002cd30: 7220 6368 6563 6b20 4352 4333 3220 6368 r check CRC32 ch\n-0002cd40: 6563 6b73 756d 730a 2a20 6372 7970 746f ecksums.* crypto\n-0002cd50: 6d6f 756e 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 mount:: \n-0002cd60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d6f 756e 7420 6120 Mount a \n-0002cd70: 6372 7970 746f 2064 6576 6963 650a 2a20 crypto device.* \n-0002cd80: 6375 746d 656d 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 cutmem:: \n-0002cd90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 Re\n-0002cda0: 6d6f 7665 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M\n+0002ce90: 6170 2061 2064 7269 7665 2074 6f20 616e ap a drive to an\n+0002cea0: 6f74 6865 720a 2a20 6563 686f 3a3a 2020 other.* echo:: \n+0002ceb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002cec0: 2020 2020 2020 4469 7370 6c61 7920 6120 Display a \n+0002ced0: 6c69 6e65 206f 6620 7465 7874 0a2a 2065 line of text.* e\n+0002cee0: 6669 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 3a3a 2020 2020 fitextmode:: \n+0002cef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 Set\n+0002cf00: 2f47 6574 2074 6578 7420 6f75 7470 7574 /Get text output\n+0002cf10: 206d 6f64 6520 7265 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e mode resolution\n+0002cf20: 0a2a 2065 7661 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 .* eval:: \n 0002cf30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002cf40: 2020 2020 2045 7661 6c75 6174 6520 6167 Evaluate ag\n-0002cf50: 7275 6d65 6e74 7320 6173 2047 5255 4220 ruments as GRUB \n-0002cf60: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a2a 2065 7870 6f72 commands.* expor\n-0002cf70: 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t:: \n-0002cf80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 7870 6f72 7420 Export \n-0002cf90: 616e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 an environment v\n-0002cfa0: 6172 6961 626c 650a 2a20 6661 6c73 653a ariable.* false:\n-0002cfb0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0002cfc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 446f 206e 6f74 6869 Do nothi\n-0002cfd0: 6e67 2c20 756e 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c ng, unsuccessful\n-0002cfe0: 6c79 0a2a 2066 7773 6574 7570 3a3a 2020 ly.* fwsetup:: \n-0002cff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d000: 2020 2052 6562 6f6f 7420 696e 746f 2074 Reboot into t\n-0002d010: 6865 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 7365 7475 he firmware setu\n-0002d020: 7020 6d65 6e75 0a2a 2067 6462 696e 666f p menu.* gdbinfo\n-0002d030: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-0002d040: 2020 2020 2020 2050 726f 7669 6465 2069 Provide i\n-0002d050: 6e66 6f20 666f 7220 6465 6275 6767 696e nfo for debuggin\n-0002d060: 6720 7769 7468 2047 4442 0a2a 2067 6574 g with GDB.* get\n-0002d070: 7465 7874 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 text:: \n-0002d080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 7261 6e73 Trans\n-0002d090: 6c61 7465 2061 2073 7472 696e 670a 2a20 late a string.* \n-0002d0a0: 6770 7473 796e 633a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 gptsync:: \n-0002d0b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4669 Fi\n-0002d0c0: 6c6c 2061 6e20 4d42 5220 6261 7365 6420 ll an MBR based \n-0002d0d0: 6f6e 2047 5054 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a2a on GPT entries.*\n-0002d0e0: 2068 616c 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 halt:: \n-0002d0f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 S\n-0002d100: 6875 7420 646f 776e 2079 6f75 7220 636f hut down your co\n-0002d110: 6d70 7574 6572 0a2a 2068 6173 6873 756d mputer.* hashsum\n-0002d120: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-0002d130: 2020 2020 2020 2043 6f6d 7075 7465 206f Compute o\n-0002d140: 7220 6368 6563 6b20 6861 7368 2063 6865 r check hash che\n-0002d150: 636b 7375 6d0a 2a20 6865 6c70 3a3a 2020 cksum.* help:: \n+0002cf40: 2045 7661 6c75 6174 6520 6167 7275 6d65 Evaluate agrume\n+0002cf50: 6e74 7320 6173 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d6d nts as GRUB comm\n+0002cf60: 616e 6473 0a2a 2065 7870 6f72 743a 3a20 ands.* export:: \n+0002cf70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002cf80: 2020 2020 2045 7870 6f72 7420 616e 2065 Export an e\n+0002cf90: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+0002cfa0: 626c 650a 2a20 6661 6c73 653a 3a20 2020 ble.* false:: \n+0002cfb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002cfc0: 2020 2020 446f 206e 6f74 6869 6e67 2c20 Do nothing, \n+0002cfd0: 756e 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 0a2a unsuccessfully.*\n+0002cfe0: 2066 7773 6574 7570 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 fwsetup:: \n+0002cff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 R\n+0002d000: 6562 6f6f 7420 696e 746f 2074 6865 2066 eboot into the f\n+0002d010: 6972 6d77 6172 6520 7365 7475 7020 6d65 irmware setup me\n+0002d020: 6e75 0a2a 2067 6462 696e 666f 3a3a 2020 nu.* gdbinfo:: \n+0002d030: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d040: 2020 2050 726f 7669 6465 2069 6e66 6f20 Provide info \n+0002d050: 666f 7220 6465 6275 6767 696e 6720 7769 for debugging wi\n+0002d060: 7468 2047 4442 0a2a 2067 6574 7465 7874 th GDB.* gettext\n+0002d070: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+0002d080: 2020 2020 2020 2054 7261 6e73 6c61 7465 Translate\n+0002d090: 2061 2073 7472 696e 670a 2a20 6770 7473 a string.* gpts\n+0002d0a0: 796e 633a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ync:: \n+0002d0b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4669 6c6c 2061 Fill a\n+0002d0c0: 6e20 4d42 5220 6261 7365 6420 6f6e 2047 n MBR based on G\n+0002d0d0: 5054 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a2a 2068 616c PT entries.* hal\n+0002d0e0: 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t:: \n+0002d0f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6875 7420 Shut \n+0002d100: 646f 776e 2079 6f75 7220 636f 6d70 7574 down your comput\n+0002d110: 6572 0a2a 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a 2020 er.* hashsum:: \n+0002d120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d130: 2020 2043 6f6d 7075 7465 206f 7220 6368 Compute or ch\n+0002d140: 6563 6b20 6861 7368 2063 6865 636b 7375 eck hash checksu\n+0002d150: 6d0a 2a20 6865 6c70 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 m.* help:: \n 0002d160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d170: 2020 2020 2020 5368 6f77 2068 656c 7020 Show help \n-0002d180: 6d65 7373 6167 6573 0a2a 2068 6578 6475 messages.* hexdu\n-0002d190: 6d70 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mp:: \n-0002d1a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 686f 7720 7261 Show ra\n-0002d1b0: 7720 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 6120 w contents of a \n-0002d1c0: 6669 6c65 206f 7220 6d65 6d6f 7279 0a2a file or memory.*\n-0002d1d0: 2069 6e73 6d6f 643a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 insmod:: \n-0002d1e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 I\n-0002d1f0: 6e73 6572 7420 6120 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a2a nsert a module.*\n-0002d200: 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 3a3a 2020 2020 keystatus:: \n-0002d210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 C\n-0002d220: 6865 636b 206b 6579 206d 6f64 6966 6965 heck key modifie\n-0002d230: 7220 7374 6174 7573 0a2a 206c 6973 745f r status.* list_\n-0002d240: 656e 763a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 env:: \n-0002d250: 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6475 6c65 D5 hash.* module\n-0002d450: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-0002d460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 206d 6f64 Load mod\n-0002d470: 756c 6520 666f 7220 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f ule for multiboo\n-0002d480: 7420 6b65 726e 656c 0a2a 206d 756c 7469 t kernel.* multi\n-0002d490: 626f 6f74 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 boot:: \n-0002d4a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6d75 Load mu\n-0002d4b0: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 636f 6d70 6c69 616e ltiboot complian\n-0002d4c0: 7420 6b65 726e 656c 0a2a 206e 6174 6976 t kernel.* nativ\n-0002d4d0: 6564 6973 6b3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 edisk:: \n-0002d4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 7769 7463 6820 Switch \n-0002d4f0: 746f 206e 6174 6976 6520 6469 736b 2064 to native disk d\n-0002d500: 7269 7665 7273 0a2a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a rivers.* normal:\n-0002d510: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0002d520: 2020 2020 2020 2045 6e74 6572 206e 6f72 Enter nor\n-0002d530: 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 0a2a 206e 6f72 6d61 mal mode.* norma\n-0002d540: 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2072 d user input.* r\n-0002d740: 6562 6f6f 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 eboot:: \n-0002d750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 6562 Reb\n-0002d760: 6f6f 7420 796f 7572 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 oot your compute\n-0002d770: 720a 2a20 7265 6765 7870 3a3a 2020 2020 r.* regexp:: \n-0002d780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d790: 2020 5465 7374 2069 6620 7265 6775 6c61 Test if regula\n-0002d7a0: 7220 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 206d 6174 r expression mat\n-0002d7b0: 6368 6573 2073 7472 696e 670a 2a20 726d ches string.* rm\n-0002d7c0: 6d6f 643a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mod:: \n-0002d7d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 6d6f Remo\n-0002d7e0: 7665 2061 206d 6f64 756c 650a 2a20 7361 ve a module.* sa\n-0002d7f0: 7665 5f65 6e76 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ve_env:: \n-0002d800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5361 7665 Save\n-0002d810: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2074 6f20 656e variables to en\n-0002d820: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b0a vironment block.\n-0002d830: 2a20 7365 6172 6368 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 * search:: \n-0002d840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d850: 5365 6172 6368 2064 6576 6963 6573 2062 Search devices b\n-0002d860: 7920 6669 6c65 2c20 6c61 6265 6c2c 206f y file, label, o\n-0002d870: 7220 5555 4944 0a2a 2073 656e 646b 6579 r UUID.* sendkey\n-0002d880: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-0002d890: 2020 2020 2020 2045 6d75 6c61 7465 206b Emulate k\n-0002d8a0: 6579 7374 726f 6b65 730a 2a20 7365 743a eystrokes.* set:\n-0002d8b0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0002d8c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 616e Set an\n-0002d8d0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-0002d8e0: 6961 626c 650a 2a20 7368 6131 7375 6d3a iable.* sha1sum:\n-0002d8f0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0002d900: 2020 2020 2020 436f 6d70 7574 6520 6f72 Compute or\n-0002d910: 2063 6865 636b 2053 4841 3120 6861 7368 check SHA1 hash\n-0002d920: 0a2a 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 3a3a 2020 .* sha256sum:: \n-0002d930: 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source:: \n-0002da30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 Re\n-0002da40: 6164 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 ad a configurati\n-0002da50: 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 696e 2073 616d 6520 on file in same \n-0002da60: 636f 6e74 6578 740a 2a20 7465 7374 3a3a context.* test::\n+0002d170: 2020 5368 6f77 2068 656c 7020 6d65 7373 Show help mess\n+0002d180: 6167 6573 0a2a 2068 6578 6475 6d70 3a3a ages.* hexdump::\n+0002d190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d1a0: 2020 2020 2053 686f 7720 7261 7720 636f Show raw co\n+0002d1b0: 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 6120 6669 6c65 ntents of a file\n+0002d1c0: 206f 7220 6d65 6d6f 7279 0a2a 2069 6e73 or memory.* ins\n+0002d1d0: 6d6f 643a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mod:: \n+0002d1e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 6e73 6572 Inser\n+0002d1f0: 7420 6120 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a2a 206b 6579 t a module.* key\n+0002d200: 7374 6174 7573 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 status:: \n+0002d210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6865 636b Check\n+0002d220: 206b 6579 206d 6f64 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fon\n+0002d320: 7420 6669 6c65 730a 2a20 6c6f 6f70 6261 t files.* loopba\n+0002d330: 636b 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ck:: \n+0002d340: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d61 6b65 2061 2064 Make a d\n+0002d350: 6576 6963 6520 6672 6f6d 2061 2066 696c evice from a fil\n+0002d360: 6573 7973 7465 6d20 696d 6167 650a 2a20 esystem image.* \n+0002d370: 6c73 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ls:: \n+0002d380: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 Li\n+0002d390: 7374 2064 6576 6963 6573 206f 7220 6669 st devices or fi\n+0002d3a0: 6c65 730a 2a20 6c73 666f 6e74 733a 3a20 les.* lsfonts:: \n+0002d3b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d3c0: 2020 2020 4c69 7374 206c 6f61 6465 6420 List loaded \n+0002d3d0: 666f 6e74 730a 2a20 6c73 6d6f 643a 3a20 fonts.* lsmod:: \n+0002d3e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d3f0: 2020 2020 2020 5368 6f77 206c 6f61 6465 Show loade\n+0002d400: 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 730a 2a20 6d64 3573 d modules.* md5s\n+0002d410: 756d 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 um:: \n+0002d420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f 6d70 7574 Comput\n+0002d430: 6520 6f72 2063 6865 636b 204d 4435 2068 e or check MD5 h\n+0002d440: 6173 680a 2a20 6d6f 6475 6c65 3a3a 2020 ash.* module:: \n+0002d450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d460: 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 206d 6f64 756c 6520 Load module \n+0002d470: 666f 7220 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 for multiboot ke\n+0002d480: 726e 656c 0a2a 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 rnel.* multiboot\n+0002d490: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+0002d4a0: 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6d75 6c74 6962 Load multib\n+0002d4b0: 6f6f 7420 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 6b65 oot compliant ke\n+0002d4c0: 726e 656c 0a2a 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 rnel.* nativedis\n+0002d4d0: 6b3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 k:: \n+0002d4e0: 2020 2020 2053 7769 7463 6820 746f 206e Switch to n\n+0002d4f0: 6174 6976 6520 6469 736b 2064 7269 7665 ative disk drive\n+0002d500: 7273 0a2a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a20 2020 rs.* normal:: \n+0002d510: 2020 2020 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hashed\n+0002d610: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 640a 2a20 706c 6169 password.* plai\n+0002d620: 6e6d 6f75 6e74 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 nmount:: \n+0002d630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4f70 656e 2064 Open d\n+0002d640: 6576 6963 6520 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 evice encrypted \n+0002d650: 696e 2070 6c61 696e 206d 6f64 650a 2a20 in plain mode.* \n+0002d660: 706c 6179 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 play:: \n+0002d670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 506c Pl\n+0002d680: 6179 2061 2074 756e 650a 2a20 7072 6f62 ay a tune.* prob\n+0002d690: 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e:: \n+0002d6a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 7472 6965 Retrie\n+0002d6b0: 7665 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e 666f 0a2a ve device info.*\n+0002d6c0: 2072 646d 7372 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 rdmsr:: \n+0002d6d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 R\n+0002d6e0: 6561 6420 7661 6c75 6573 2066 726f 6d20 ead values from \n+0002d6f0: 6d6f 6465 6c2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2072 model-specific r\n+0002d700: 6567 6973 7465 7273 0a2a 2072 6561 643a egisters.* read:\n+0002d710: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0002d720: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 6561 6420 7573 Read us\n+0002d730: 6572 2069 6e70 7574 0a2a 2072 6562 6f6f er input.* reboo\n+0002d740: 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t:: \n+0002d750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 6562 6f6f 7420 Reboot \n+0002d760: 796f 7572 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 720a 2a20 your computer.* \n+0002d770: 7265 6765 7870 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 regexp:: \n+0002d780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5465 Te\n+0002d790: 7374 2069 6620 7265 6775 6c61 7220 6578 st if regular ex\n+0002d7a0: 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 206d 6174 6368 6573 pression matches\n+0002d7b0: 2073 7472 696e 670a 2a20 726d 6d6f 643a string.* rmmod:\n+0002d7c0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0002d7d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2061 Remove a\n+0002d7e0: 206d 6f64 756c 650a 2a20 7361 7665 5f65 module.* save_e\n+0002d7f0: 6e76 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nv:: \n+0002d800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5361 7665 2076 6172 Save var\n+0002d810: 6961 626c 6573 2074 6f20 656e 7669 726f iables to enviro\n+0002d820: 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b0a 2a20 7365 nment block.* se\n+0002d830: 6172 6368 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 arch:: \n+0002d840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 6172 Sear\n+0002d850: 6368 2064 6576 6963 6573 2062 7920 6669 ch devices by fi\n+0002d860: 6c65 2c20 6c61 6265 6c2c 206f 7220 5555 le, label, or UU\n+0002d870: 4944 0a2a 2073 656e 646b 6579 3a3a 2020 ID.* sendkey:: \n+0002d880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d890: 2020 2045 6d75 6c61 7465 206b 6579 7374 Emulate keyst\n+0002d8a0: 726f 6b65 730a 2a20 7365 743a 3a20 2020 rokes.* set:: \n+0002d8b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d8c0: 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 616e 2065 6e76 Set an env\n+0002d8d0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+0002d8e0: 650a 2a20 7368 6131 7375 6d3a 3a20 2020 e.* sha1sum:: \n+0002d8f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d900: 2020 436f 6d70 7574 6520 6f72 2063 6865 Compute or che\n+0002d910: 636b 2053 4841 3120 6861 7368 0a2a 2073 ck SHA1 hash.* s\n+0002d920: 6861 3235 3673 756d 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 ha256sum:: \n+0002d930: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6f6d Com\n+0002d940: 7075 7465 206f 7220 6368 6563 6b20 5348 pute or check SH\n+0002d950: 4132 3536 2068 6173 680a 2a20 7368 6135 A256 hash.* sha5\n+0002d960: 3132 7375 6d3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 12sum:: \n+0002d970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f 6d70 7574 Comput\n+0002d980: 6520 6f72 2063 6865 636b 2053 4841 3531 e or check SHA51\n+0002d990: 3220 6861 7368 0a2a 2073 6c65 6570 3a3a 2 hash.* sleep::\n+0002d9a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d9b0: 2020 2020 2020 2057 6169 7420 666f 7220 Wait for \n+0002d9c0: 6120 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6e75 6d62 a specified numb\n+0002d9d0: 6572 206f 6620 7365 636f 6e64 730a 2a20 er of seconds.* \n+0002d9e0: 736d 6269 6f73 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 smbios:: \n+0002d9f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 Re\n+0002da00: 7472 6965 7665 2053 4d42 494f 5320 696e trieve SMBIOS in\n+0002da10: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 736f 7572 formation.* sour\n+0002da20: 6365 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ce:: \n+0002da30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 6164 2061 Read a\n+0002da40: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 configuration f\n+0002da50: 696c 6520 696e 2073 616d 6520 636f 6e74 ile in same cont\n+0002da60: 6578 740a 2a20 7465 7374 3a3a 2020 2020 ext.* test:: \n 0002da70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002da80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4368 6563 6b20 6669 Check fi\n-0002da90: 6c65 2074 7970 6573 2061 6e64 2063 6f6d le types and com\n-0002daa0: 7061 7265 2076 616c 7565 730a 2a20 7472 pare values.* tr\n-0002dab0: 7565 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ue:: \n-0002dac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 446f 206e Do n\n-0002dad0: 6f74 6869 6e67 2c20 7375 6363 6573 7366 othing, successf\n-0002dae0: 756c 6c79 0a2a 2074 7275 7374 3a3a 2020 ully.* trust:: \n+0002da80: 2020 2020 4368 6563 6b20 6669 6c65 2074 Check file t\n+0002da90: 7970 6573 2061 6e64 2063 6f6d 7061 7265 ypes and compare\n+0002daa0: 2076 616c 7565 730a 2a20 7472 7565 3a3a values.* true::\n+0002dab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002dac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 446f 206e 6f74 6869 Do nothi\n+0002dad0: 6e67 2c20 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 ng, successfully\n+0002dae0: 0a2a 2074 7275 7374 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 .* trust:: \n 0002daf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002db00: 2020 2020 2041 6464 2070 7562 6c69 6320 Add public \n-0002db10: 6b65 7920 746f 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2074 key to list of t\n-0002db20: 7275 7374 6564 206b 6579 730a 2a20 756e rusted keys.* un\n-0002db30: 7365 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 set:: \n-0002db40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 556e 7365 Unse\n-0002db50: 7420 616e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 t an environment\n-0002db60: 2076 6172 6961 626c 650a 2a20 7665 7269 variable.* veri\n-0002db70: 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 643a 3a20 2020 fy_detached:: \n-0002db80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5665 7269 6679 Verify\n-0002db90: 2064 6574 6163 6865 6420 6469 6769 7461 detached digita\n-0002dba0: 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 650a 2a20 7669 l signature.* vi\n-0002dbb0: 6465 6f69 6e66 6f3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 deoinfo:: \n-0002dbc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 List\n-0002dbd0: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2076 6964 656f available video\n-0002dbe0: 206d 6f64 6573 0a2a 2077 726d 7372 3a3a modes.* wrmsr::\n+0002db00: 2041 6464 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7920 Add public key \n+0002db10: 746f 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2074 7275 7374 to list of trust\n+0002db20: 6564 206b 6579 730a 2a20 756e 7365 743a ed keys.* unset:\n+0002db30: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0002db40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 556e 7365 7420 616e Unset an\n+0002db50: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+0002db60: 6961 626c 650a 2a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 iable.* verify_d\n+0002db70: 6574 6163 6865 643a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 etached:: \n+0002db80: 2020 2020 2020 5665 7269 6679 2064 6574 Verify det\n+0002db90: 6163 6865 6420 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 ached digital si\n+0002dba0: 676e 6174 7572 650a 2a20 7669 6465 6f69 gnature.* videoi\n+0002dbb0: 6e66 6f3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nfo:: \n+0002dbc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2061 7661 List ava\n+0002dbd0: 696c 6162 6c65 2076 6964 656f 206d 6f64 ilable video mod\n+0002dbe0: 6573 0a2a 2077 726d 7372 3a3a 2020 2020 es.* wrmsr:: \n 0002dbf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002dc00: 2020 2020 2020 2057 7269 7465 2076 616c Write val\n-0002dc10: 7565 7320 746f 206d 6f64 656c 2d73 7065 ues to model-spe\n-0002dc20: 6369 6669 6320 7265 6769 7374 6572 730a cific registers.\n-0002dc30: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0002dc40: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 205b 2c20 204e fo, Node: [, N\n-0002dc50: 6578 743a 2061 6370 692c 2020 5570 3a20 ext: acpi, Up: \n-0002dc60: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-0002dc70: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3120 5b0a mands..17.4.1 [.\n-0002dc80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-0002dc90: 6d6d 616e 643a 205b 2065 7870 7265 7373 mmand: [ express\n-0002dca0: 696f 6e20 5d0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 ion ]. Alias\n-0002dcb0: 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 7465 7374 2045 5850 for ...test EXP\n-0002dcc0: 5245 5353 494f 4ee2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 RESSION... (*not\n-0002dcd0: 6520 7465 7374 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 e test::).....Fi\n-0002dce0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0002dcf0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6163 7069 2c20 204e 6578 Node: acpi, Nex\n-0002dd00: 743a 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 652c t: authenticate,\n-0002dd10: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5b2c 2020 5570 3a20 Prev: [, Up: \n-0002dd20: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-0002dd30: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3220 6163 mands..17.4.2 ac\n-0002dd40: 7069 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a pi.-----------..\n-0002dd50: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2061 6370 -- Command: acp\n-0002dd60: 6920 5b2d 317c 2d32 5d20 5b2d 2d65 7863 i [-1|-2] [--exc\n-0002dd70: 6c75 6465 3d74 6162 6c65 312c 2e2e 2e7c lude=table1,...|\n-0002dd80: 2d2d 6c6f 6164 2d6f 6e6c 793d 7461 626c --load-only=tabl\n-0002dd90: 6531 2c2e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e1,...]. \n-0002dda0: 2020 5b2d 2d6f 656d 6964 3d69 645d 205b [--oemid=id] [\n-0002ddb0: 2d2d 6f65 6d74 6162 6c65 3d74 6162 6c65 --oemtable=table\n-0002ddc0: 5d20 5b2d 2d6f 656d 7461 626c 6572 6576 ] [--oemtablerev\n-0002ddd0: 3d72 6576 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 =rev]. \n-0002dde0: 5b2d 2d6f 656d 7461 626c 6563 7265 6174 [--oemtablecreat\n-0002ddf0: 6f72 3d63 7265 6174 6f72 5d20 5b2d 2d6f or=creator] [--o\n-0002de00: 656d 7461 626c 6563 7265 6174 6f72 7265 emtablecreatorre\n-0002de10: 763d 7265 765d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 v=rev]. \n-0002de20: 205b 2d2d 6e6f 2d65 6264 615d 2066 696c [--no-ebda] fil\n-0002de30: 656e 616d 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204d ename .... M\n-0002de40: 6f64 6572 6e20 4249 4f53 2073 7973 7465 odern BIOS syste\n-0002de50: 6d73 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 696d 706c ms normally impl\n-0002de60: 656d 656e 7420 7468 6520 4164 7661 6e63 ement the Advanc\n-0002de70: 6564 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e ed Configuration\n-0002de80: 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 506f 7765 7220 . and Power \n-0002de90: 496e 7465 7266 6163 6520 2841 4350 4929 Interface (ACPI)\n-0002dea0: 2c20 616e 6420 6465 6669 6e65 2076 6172 , and define var\n-0002deb0: 696f 7573 2074 6162 6c65 7320 7468 6174 ious tables that\n-0002dec0: 2064 6573 6372 6962 650a 2020 2020 2074 describe. t\n-0002ded0: 6865 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2062 6574 he interface bet\n-0002dee0: 7765 656e 2061 6e20 4143 5049 2d63 6f6d ween an ACPI-com\n-0002def0: 706c 6961 6e74 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 pliant operating\n-0002df00: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 616e 6420 7468 650a system and the.\n-0002df10: 2020 2020 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e 2020 firmware. \n-0002df20: 496e 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 7365 732c 2074 In some cases, t\n-0002df30: 6865 2074 6162 6c65 7320 7072 6f76 6964 he tables provid\n-0002df40: 6564 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c 7420 6f6e ed by default on\n-0002df50: 6c79 2077 6f72 6b0a 2020 2020 2077 656c ly work. wel\n-0002df60: 6c20 7769 7468 2063 6572 7461 696e 206f l with certain o\n-0002df70: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 perating systems\n-0002df80: 2c20 616e 6420 6974 206d 6179 2062 6520 , and it may be \n-0002df90: 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 746f 0a20 2020 necessary to. \n-0002dfa0: 2020 7265 706c 6163 6520 736f 6d65 206f replace some o\n-0002dfb0: 6620 7468 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f f them... No\n-0002dfc0: 726d 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 6973 2063 6f6d rmally, this com\n-0002dfd0: 6d61 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 7265 706c 6163 mand will replac\n-0002dfe0: 6520 7468 6520 526f 6f74 2053 7973 7465 e the Root Syste\n-0002dff0: 6d20 4465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e0a 2020 m Description. \n-0002e000: 2020 2050 6f69 6e74 6572 2028 5253 4450 Pointer (RSDP\n-0002e010: 2920 696e 2074 6865 2045 7874 656e 6465 ) in the Extende\n-0002e020: 6420 4249 4f53 2044 6174 6120 4172 6561 d BIOS Data Area\n-0002e030: 2074 6f20 706f 696e 7420 746f 2074 6865 to point to the\n-0002e040: 206e 6577 0a20 2020 2020 7461 626c 6573 new. tables\n-0002e050: 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d6e . If the ...--n\n-0002e060: 6f2d 6562 6461 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e o-ebda... option\n-0002e070: 2069 7320 7573 6564 2c20 7468 6520 6e65 is used, the ne\n-0002e080: 7720 7461 626c 6573 2077 696c 6c20 6265 w tables will be\n-0002e090: 0a20 2020 2020 6b6e 6f77 6e20 6f6e 6c79 . known only\n-0002e0a0: 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 to GRUB, but ma\n-0002e0b0: 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 6279 2047 5255 y be used by GRU\n-0002e0c0: 4227 7320 4546 4920 656d 756c 6174 696f B's EFI emulatio\n-0002e0d0: 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 653a 2054 n... Note: T\n-0002e0e0: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6e6f he command is no\n-0002e0f0: 7420 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 7768 656e 206c t allowed when l\n-0002e100: 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 6973 2065 6e66 6f72 ockdown is enfor\n-0002e110: 6365 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 ced (*note. \n-0002e120: 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 3a3a 292e 2020 4f74 Lockdown::). Ot\n-0002e130: 6865 7277 6973 6520 616e 2061 7474 6163 herwise an attac\n-0002e140: 6b65 7220 6361 6e20 696e 7374 7275 6374 ker can instruct\n-0002e150: 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 746f 206c 6f61 the GRUB to loa\n-0002e160: 640a 2020 2020 2061 6e20 5353 4454 2074 d. an SSDT t\n-0002e170: 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6f76 6572 7772 6974 able to overwrit\n-0002e180: 6520 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 206c 6f63 e the kernel loc\n-0002e190: 6b64 6f77 6e20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 kdown configurat\n-0002e1a0: 696f 6e20 616e 640a 2020 2020 206c 6174 ion and. lat\n-0002e1b0: 6572 206c 6f61 6420 616e 6420 6578 6563 er load and exec\n-0002e1c0: 7574 6520 756e 7369 676e 6564 2063 6f64 ute unsigned cod\n-0002e1d0: 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 e.....File: grub\n-0002e1e0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6175 .info, Node: au\n-0002e1f0: 7468 656e 7469 6361 7465 2c20 204e 6578 thenticate, Nex\n-0002e200: 743a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 636f t: background_co\n-0002e210: 6c6f 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6163 7069 lor, Prev: acpi\n-0002e220: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-0002e230: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-0002e240: 2e34 2e33 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 .4.3 authenticat\n-0002e250: 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d e.--------------\n-0002e260: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-0002e270: 6e64 3a20 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7465 nd: authenticate\n-0002e280: 205b 7573 6572 6c69 7374 5d0a 2020 2020 [userlist]. \n-0002e290: 2043 6865 636b 2077 6865 7468 6572 2075 Check whether u\n-0002e2a0: 7365 7220 6973 2069 6e20 5553 4552 4c49 ser is in USERLI\n-0002e2b0: 5354 206f 7220 6c69 7374 6564 2069 6e20 ST or listed in \n-0002e2c0: 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 the value of. \n-0002e2d0: 2020 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 7375 variable ...su\n-0002e2e0: 7065 7275 7365 7273 e280 992e 2020 5365 perusers.... Se\n-0002e2f0: 6520 2a6e 6f74 6520 7375 7065 7275 7365 e *note superuse\n-0002e300: 7273 3a3a 2066 6f72 2076 616c 6964 2075 rs:: for valid u\n-0002e310: 7365 7220 6c69 7374 0a20 2020 2020 666f ser list. fo\n-0002e320: 726d 6174 2e20 2049 6620 e280 9873 7570 rmat. If ...sup\n-0002e330: 6572 7573 6572 73e2 8099 2069 7320 656d erusers... is em\n-0002e340: 7074 792c 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e pty, this comman\n-0002e350: 6420 7265 7475 726e 7320 7472 7565 2e0a d returns true..\n-0002e360: 2020 2020 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 *Note Secur\n-0002e370: 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ity::.....File: \n-0002e380: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0002e390: 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c : background_col\n-0002e3a0: 6f72 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2062 6163 6b67 or, Next: backg\n-0002e3b0: 726f 756e 645f 696d 6167 652c 2020 5072 round_image, Pr\n-0002e3c0: 6576 3a20 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7465 ev: authenticate\n-0002e3d0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-0002e3e0: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-0002e3f0: 2e34 2e34 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f .4.4 background_\n-0002e400: 636f 6c6f 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d color.----------\n-0002e410: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-0002e420: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6261 636b -- Command: back\n-0002e430: 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2063 6f6c ground_color col\n-0002e440: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7420 6261 636b or. Set back\n-0002e450: 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 2066 6f72 ground color for\n-0002e460: 2061 6374 6976 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c active terminal\n-0002e470: 2e20 2046 6f72 2076 616c 6964 2063 6f6c . For valid col\n-0002e480: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 6963 or. specific\n-0002e490: 6174 696f 6e73 2073 6565 202a 6e6f 7465 ations see *note\n-0002e4a0: 2043 6f6c 6f72 733a 2054 6865 6d65 2066 Colors: Theme f\n-0002e4b0: 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 2e20 2042 6163 ile format. Bac\n-0002e4c0: 6b67 726f 756e 640a 2020 2020 2063 6f6c kground. col\n-0002e4d0: 6f72 2063 616e 2062 6520 6368 616e 6765 or can be change\n-0002e4e0: 6420 6f6e 6c79 2077 6865 6e20 7573 696e d only when usin\n-0002e4f0: 6720 e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 9920 g ...gfxterm... \n-0002e500: 666f 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c 206f 7574 for terminal out\n-0002e510: 7075 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 put... This \n-0002e520: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7365 7473 2063 6f6c command sets col\n-0002e530: 6f72 206f 6620 656d 7074 7920 6172 6561 or of empty area\n-0002e540: 7320 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7465 7874 2e20 s without text. \n-0002e550: 2054 6578 740a 2020 2020 2062 6163 6b67 Text. backg\n-0002e560: 726f 756e 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 6973 2063 round color is c\n-0002e570: 6f6e 7472 6f6c 6c65 6420 6279 2065 6e76 ontrolled by env\n-0002e580: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-0002e590: 6573 0a20 2020 2020 434f 4c4f 525f 4e4f es. COLOR_NO\n-0002e5a0: 524d 414c 2c20 434f 4c4f 525f 4849 4748 RMAL, COLOR_HIGH\n-0002e5b0: 4c49 4748 542c 204d 454e 555f 434f 4c4f LIGHT, MENU_COLO\n-0002e5c0: 525f 4e4f 524d 414c 2c0a 2020 2020 204d R_NORMAL,. M\n-0002e5d0: 454e 555f 434f 4c4f 525f 4849 4748 4c49 ENU_COLOR_HIGHLI\n-0002e5e0: 4748 542e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5370 6563 GHT. *Note Spec\n-0002e5f0: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n-0002e600: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 733a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a variables::.....\n-0002e610: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0002e620: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 Node: backgrou\n-0002e630: 6e64 5f69 6d61 6765 2c20 204e 6578 743a nd_image, Next:\n-0002e640: 2062 6164 7261 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 badram, Prev: \n-0002e650: 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c 6f72 background_color\n-0002e660: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-0002e670: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-0002e680: 2e34 2e35 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f .4.5 background_\n-0002e690: 696d 6167 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d image.----------\n-0002e6a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-0002e6b0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6261 636b -- Command: back\n-0002e6c0: 6772 6f75 6e64 5f69 6d61 6765 205b 5b2d ground_image [[-\n-0002e6d0: 2d6d 6f64 6520 7374 7265 7463 687c 6e6f -mode stretch|no\n-0002e6e0: 726d 616c 5d20 6669 6c65 5d0a 2020 2020 rmal] file]. \n-0002e6f0: 204c 6f61 6420 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 Load background\n-0002e700: 2069 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 2061 6374 6976 image for activ\n-0002e710: 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 2066 726f 6d20 e terminal from \n-0002e720: 4649 4c45 2e20 2049 6d61 6765 2069 730a FILE. Image is.\n-0002e730: 2020 2020 2073 7472 6574 6368 6564 2074 stretched t\n-0002e740: 6f20 6669 6c6c 2075 7020 656e 7469 7265 o fill up entire\n-0002e750: 2073 6372 6565 6e20 756e 6c65 7373 206f screen unless o\n-0002e760: 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d6d 6f64 65e2 ption ...--mode.\n-0002e770: 8099 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c e280 990a .. ...normal....\n-0002e780: 2020 2020 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2e 2020 is given. \n-0002e790: 5769 7468 6f75 7420 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 Without argument\n-0002e7a0: 7320 7265 6d6f 7665 2063 7572 7265 6e74 s remove current\n-0002e7b0: 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6261 636b 6772 ly loaded backgr\n-0002e7c0: 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 696d 6167 652e ound. image.\n-0002e7d0: 2020 4261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2069 6d61 Background ima\n-0002e7e0: 6765 2063 616e 2062 6520 6368 616e 6765 ge can be change\n-0002e7f0: 6420 6f6e 6c79 2077 6865 6e20 7573 696e d only when usin\n-0002e800: 6720 e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 990a g ...gfxterm....\n-0002e810: 2020 2020 2066 6f72 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 for termina\n-0002e820: 6c20 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c l output.....Fil\n-0002e830: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0002e840: 6f64 653a 2062 6164 7261 6d2c 2020 4e65 ode: badram, Ne\n-0002e850: 7874 3a20 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 742c 2020 xt: blocklist, \n-0002e860: 5072 6576 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 Prev: background\n-0002e870: 5f69 6d61 6765 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d _image, Up: Com\n-0002e880: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-0002e890: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 2062 6164 7261 ds..17.4.6 badra\n-0002e8a0: 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a m.-------------.\n-0002e8b0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6261 . -- Command: ba\n-0002e8c0: 6472 616d 2061 6464 722c 6d61 736b 5b2c dram addr,mask[,\n-0002e8d0: 6164 6472 2c6d 6173 6b2e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 addr,mask...]. \n-0002e8e0: 2020 2046 696c 7465 7220 6f75 7420 6261 Filter out ba\n-0002e8f0: 6420 5241 4d2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 d RAM... Thi\n-0002e900: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6e6f 7469 6669 s command notifi\n-0002e910: 6573 2074 6865 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 es the memory ma\n-0002e920: 6e61 6765 7220 7468 6174 2073 7065 6369 nager that speci\n-0002e930: 6669 6564 2072 6567 696f 6e73 206f 660a fied regions of.\n-0002e940: 2020 2020 2052 414d 206f 7567 6874 2074 RAM ought t\n-0002e950: 6f20 6265 2066 696c 7465 7265 6420 6f75 o be filtered ou\n-0002e960: 7420 2875 7375 616c 6c79 2c20 6265 6361 t (usually, beca\n-0002e970: 7573 6520 7468 6579 2772 6520 6461 6d61 use they're dama\n-0002e980: 6765 6429 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 ged).. This \n-0002e990: 7265 6d61 696e 7320 696e 2065 6666 6563 remains in effec\n-0002e9a0: 7420 6166 7465 7220 6120 7061 796c 6f61 t after a payloa\n-0002e9b0: 6420 6b65 726e 656c 2068 6173 2062 6565 d kernel has bee\n-0002e9c0: 6e20 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 n loaded by. \n-0002e9d0: 2047 5255 422c 2061 7320 6c6f 6e67 2061 GRUB, as long a\n-0002e9e0: 7320 7468 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 206b 6572 s the loaded ker\n-0002e9f0: 6e65 6c20 6f62 7461 696e 7320 6974 7320 nel obtains its \n-0002ea00: 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 6170 2066 726f 6d0a memory map from.\n-0002ea10: 2020 2020 2047 5255 422e 2020 4b65 726e GRUB. Kern\n-0002ea20: 656c 7320 7468 6174 2073 7570 706f 7274 els that support\n-0002ea30: 2074 6869 7320 696e 636c 7564 6520 4c69 this include Li\n-0002ea40: 6e75 782c 2047 4e55 204d 6163 682c 2074 nux, GNU Mach, t\n-0002ea50: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 206f he. kernel o\n-0002ea60: 6620 4672 6565 4253 4420 616e 6420 4d75 f FreeBSD and Mu\n-0002ea70: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c 7320 ltiboot kernels \n-0002ea80: 696e 2067 656e 6572 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 in general... \n-0002ea90: 2020 5379 6e74 6178 2069 7320 7468 6520 Syntax is the \n-0002eaa0: 7361 6d65 2061 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 same as provided\n-0002eab0: 2062 7920 7468 6520 4d65 6d74 6573 7438 by the Memtest8\n-0002eac0: 362b 2075 7469 6c69 7479 0a20 2020 2020 6+ utility. \n-0002ead0: 2868 7474 703a 2f2f 7777 772e 6d65 6d74 (http://www.memt\n-0002eae0: 6573 742e 6f72 672f 293a 2061 206c 6973 est.org/): a lis\n-0002eaf0: 7420 6f66 2061 6464 7265 7373 2f6d 6173 t of address/mas\n-0002eb00: 6b20 7061 6972 732e 2020 4769 7665 6e20 k pairs. Given \n-0002eb10: 610a 2020 2020 2070 6167 652d 616c 6967 a. page-alig\n-0002eb20: 6e65 6420 6164 6472 6573 7320 616e 6420 ned address and \n-0002eb30: 6120 6261 7365 2061 6464 7265 7373 202f a base address /\n-0002eb40: 206d 6173 6b20 7061 6972 2c20 6966 2061 mask pair, if a\n-0002eb50: 6c6c 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6269 7473 ll the. bits\n-0002eb60: 206f 6620 7468 6520 7061 6765 2d61 6c69 of the page-ali\n-0002eb70: 676e 6564 2061 6464 7265 7373 2074 6861 gned address tha\n-0002eb80: 7420 6172 6520 656e 6162 6c65 6420 6279 t are enabled by\n-0002eb90: 2074 6865 206d 6173 6b20 6d61 7463 680a the mask match.\n-0002eba0: 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6261 with the ba\n-0002ebb0: 7365 2061 6464 7265 7373 2c20 6974 206d se address, it m\n-0002ebc0: 6561 6e73 2074 6869 7320 7061 6765 2069 eans this page i\n-0002ebd0: 7320 746f 2062 6520 6669 6c74 6572 6564 s to be filtered\n-0002ebe0: 2e20 2054 6869 730a 2020 2020 2073 796e . This. syn\n-0002ebf0: 7461 7820 6d61 6b65 7320 6974 2065 6173 tax makes it eas\n-0002ec00: 7920 746f 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 2070 y to represent p\n-0002ec10: 6174 7465 726e 7320 7468 6174 2061 7265 atterns that are\n-0002ec20: 206f 6674 656e 2072 6573 756c 7420 6f66 often result of\n-0002ec30: 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6d6f 7279 2064 616d . memory dam\n-0002ec40: 6167 652c 2064 7565 2074 6f20 7068 7973 age, due to phys\n-0002ec50: 6963 616c 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f ical distributio\n-0002ec60: 6e20 6f66 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6365 6c6c n of memory cell\n-0002ec70: 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 6f6d s... The com\n-0002ec80: 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 mand is similar \n-0002ec90: 746f 20e2 8098 6375 746d 656d e280 9920 to ...cutmem... \n-0002eca0: 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e command... N\n-0002ecb0: 6f74 653a 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ote: The command\n-0002ecc0: 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 is not allowed \n-0002ecd0: 7768 656e 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 6973 when lockdown is\n-0002ece0: 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 enforced (*note\n-0002ecf0: 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 3a3a . Lockdown::\n-0002ed00: 292e 2020 5468 6973 2070 7265 7665 6e74 ). This prevent\n-0002ed10: 7320 7265 6d6f 7669 6e67 2045 4649 206d s removing EFI m\n-0002ed20: 656d 6f72 7920 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 746f emory regions to\n-0002ed30: 0a20 2020 2020 706f 7465 6e74 6961 6c6c . potentiall\n-0002ed40: 7920 7375 6276 6572 7420 7468 6520 7365 y subvert the se\n-0002ed50: 6375 7269 7479 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d curity mechanism\n-0002ed60: 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 7468 s provided by th\n-0002ed70: 6520 5545 4649 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6375 e UEFI. secu\n-0002ed80: 7265 2062 6f6f 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 re boot.....File\n-0002ed90: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0002eda0: 6465 3a20 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 742c 2020 de: blocklist, \n-0002edb0: 4e65 7874 3a20 626f 6f74 2c20 2050 7265 Next: boot, Pre\n-0002edc0: 763a 2062 6164 7261 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 v: badram, Up: \n-0002edd0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-0002ede0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3720 626c mands..17.4.7 bl\n-0002edf0: 6f63 6b6c 6973 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ocklist.--------\n-0002ee00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-0002ee10: 6d6d 616e 643a 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 mmand: blocklist\n-0002ee20: 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 file. Print\n-0002ee30: 2061 2062 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 282a a block list (*\n-0002ee40: 6e6f 7465 2042 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 note Block list \n-0002ee50: 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 4649 syntax::) for FI\n-0002ee60: 4c45 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 LE.....File: gru\n-0002ee70: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2062 b.info, Node: b\n-0002ee80: 6f6f 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6361 742c oot, Next: cat,\n-0002ee90: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 Prev: blocklis\n-0002eea0: 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d t, Up: Command-\n-0002eeb0: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n-0002eec0: 372e 342e 3820 626f 6f74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 7.4.8 boot.-----\n-0002eed0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0002eee0: 616e 643a 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2042 and: boot. B\n-0002eef0: 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 4f53 206f 7220 6368 oot the OS or ch\n-0002ef00: 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 6572 2077 6869 6368 ain-loader which\n-0002ef10: 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e20 6c6f 6164 6564 has been loaded\n-0002ef20: 2e20 204f 6e6c 7920 6e65 6365 7373 6172 . Only necessar\n-0002ef30: 790a 2020 2020 2069 6620 7275 6e6e 696e y. if runnin\n-0002ef40: 6720 7468 6520 6675 6c6c 7920 696e 7465 g the fully inte\n-0002ef50: 7261 6374 6976 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d ractive command-\n-0002ef60: 6c69 6e65 2028 6974 2069 7320 696d 706c line (it is impl\n-0002ef70: 6963 6974 2061 740a 2020 2020 2074 6865 icit at. the\n-0002ef80: 2065 6e64 206f 6620 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 end of a menu e\n-0002ef90: 6e74 7279 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ntry).....File: \n-0002efa0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0002efb0: 3a20 6361 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636c : cat, Next: cl\n-0002efc0: 6561 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 626f 6f74 ear, Prev: boot\n-0002efd0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-0002efe0: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-0002eff0: 2e34 2e39 2063 6174 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .4.9 cat.-------\n-0002f000: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-0002f010: 3a20 6361 7420 5b2d 2d64 6f73 5d20 6669 : cat [--dos] fi\n-0002f020: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 4469 7370 6c61 7920 le. Display \n-0002f030: 7468 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 the contents of \n-0002f040: 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2046 494c 452e 2020 the file FILE. \n-0002f050: 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206d 6179 This command may\n-0002f060: 2062 6520 7573 6566 756c 0a20 2020 2020 be useful. \n-0002f070: 746f 2072 656d 696e 6420 796f 7520 6f66 to remind you of\n-0002f080: 2079 6f75 7220 4f53 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 your OS's root \n-0002f090: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 partition:.. \n-0002f0a0: 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6361 7420 grub> cat \n-0002f0b0: 2f65 7463 2f66 7374 6162 0a0a 2020 2020 /etc/fstab.. \n-0002f0c0: 2049 6620 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d64 6f73 If the ...--dos\n-0002f0d0: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7573 ... option is us\n-0002f0e0: 6564 2c20 7468 656e 2063 6172 7269 6167 ed, then carriag\n-0002f0f0: 6520 7265 7475 726e 202f 206e 6577 206c e return / new l\n-0002f100: 696e 650a 2020 2020 2070 6169 7273 2077 ine. pairs w\n-0002f110: 696c 6c20 6265 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 ill be displayed\n-0002f120: 2061 7320 6120 7369 6d70 6c65 206e 6577 as a simple new\n-0002f130: 206c 696e 652e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 line. Otherwis\n-0002f140: 652c 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6361 7272 e, the. carr\n-0002f150: 6961 6765 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7769 6c6c iage return will\n-0002f160: 2062 6520 6469 7370 6c61 7965 6420 6173 be displayed as\n-0002f170: 2061 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 2063 6861 7261 a control chara\n-0002f180: 6374 6572 2028 e280 983c 643e e280 9929 cter (......)\n-0002f190: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 206d 616b 6520 6974 to. make it\n-0002f1a0: 2065 6173 6965 7220 746f 2073 6565 2077 easier to see w\n-0002f1b0: 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 2070 726f 626c 656d hen boot problem\n-0002f1c0: 7320 6172 6520 6361 7573 6564 2062 7920 s are caused by \n-0002f1d0: 6120 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 666f 726d a file. form\n-0002f1e0: 6174 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 444f 532d atted using DOS-\n-0002f1f0: 7374 796c 6520 6c69 6e65 2065 6e64 696e style line endin\n-0002f200: 6773 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 gs... Note: \n-0002f210: e280 9863 6174 e280 9920 6361 6e20 6265 ...cat... can be\n-0002f220: 2075 7365 6420 746f 2076 6965 7720 7468 used to view th\n-0002f230: 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 6465 e contents of de\n-0002f240: 7669 6365 7320 7573 696e 6720 7468 650a vices using the.\n-0002f250: 2020 2020 2062 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 block list \n-0002f260: 7379 6e74 6178 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 426c syntax (*note Bl\n-0002f270: 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 783a ock list syntax:\n-0002f280: 3a29 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 6974 :). However, it\n-0002f290: 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2061 6476 is not. adv\n-0002f2a0: 6973 6564 2074 6f20 7669 6577 2062 696e ised to view bin\n-0002f2b0: 6172 7920 6461 7461 2062 6563 6175 7365 ary data because\n-0002f2c0: 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2074 7279 2074 6f20 it will try to \n-0002f2d0: 6465 636f 6465 2055 5446 2d38 0a20 2020 decode UTF-8. \n-0002f2e0: 2020 7374 7269 6e67 732c 2077 6869 6368 strings, which\n-0002f2f0: 2063 616e 206c 6561 6420 746f 2073 6f6d can lead to som\n-0002f300: 6520 6279 7465 7320 6d69 7373 696e 6720 e bytes missing \n-0002f310: 6f72 2061 6464 6564 2069 6e20 7468 650a or added in the.\n-0002f320: 2020 2020 206f 7574 7075 742e 2020 496e output. In\n-0002f330: 7374 6561 642c 2075 7365 2074 6865 20e2 stead, use the .\n-0002f340: 8098 6865 7864 756d 70e2 8099 2063 6f6d ..hexdump... com\n-0002f350: 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6865 7864 mand (*note hexd\n-0002f360: 756d 703a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ump::).....File:\n-0002f370: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0002f380: 653a 2063 6c65 6172 2c20 204e 6578 743a e: clear, Next:\n-0002f390: 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 2c20 2050 7265 cmosclean, Pre\n-0002f3a0: 763a 2063 6174 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d v: cat, Up: Com\n-0002f3b0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-0002f3c0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3020 636c 6561 ds..17.4.10 clea\n-0002f3d0: 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a r.-------------.\n-0002f3e0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 636c . -- Command: cl\n-0002f3f0: 6561 720a 2020 2020 2043 6c65 6172 2074 ear. Clear t\n-0002f400: 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 he screen.....Fi\n-0002f410: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0002f420: 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6e2c Node: cmosclean,\n-0002f430: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636d 6f73 6475 6d70 Next: cmosdump\n-0002f440: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 6c65 6172 2c20 , Prev: clear, \n-0002f450: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-0002f460: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n-0002f470: 2e31 3120 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6e0a 2d2d .11 cmosclean.--\n-0002f480: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-0002f490: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 636d . -- Command: cm\n-0002f4a0: 6f73 636c 6561 6e20 6279 7465 3a62 6974 osclean byte:bit\n-0002f4b0: 0a20 2020 2020 436c 6561 7220 7661 6c75 . Clear valu\n-0002f4c0: 6520 6f66 2062 6974 2069 6e20 434d 4f53 e of bit in CMOS\n-0002f4d0: 2061 7420 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2042 5954 at location BYT\n-0002f4e0: 453a 4249 542e 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d E:BIT. This com\n-0002f4f0: 6d61 6e64 2069 730a 2020 2020 2061 7661 mand is. ava\n-0002f500: 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2070 ilable only on p\n-0002f510: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2074 6861 7420 7375 latforms that su\n-0002f520: 7070 6f72 7420 434d 4f53 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 pport CMOS.....F\n-0002f530: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0002f540: 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6d6f 7364 756d 702c Node: cmosdump,\n-0002f550: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636d 6f73 7465 7374 Next: cmostest\n-0002f560: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 , Prev: cmoscle\n-0002f570: 616e 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 an, Up: Command\n-0002f580: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-0002f590: 3137 2e34 2e31 3220 636d 6f73 6475 6d70 17.4.12 cmosdump\n-0002f5a0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-0002f5b0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2044 756d 703a 2043 4d4f -.. -- Dump: CMO\n-0002f5c0: 5320 636f 6e74 656e 7473 0a20 2020 2020 S contents. \n-0002f5d0: 4475 6d70 2066 756c 6c20 434d 4f53 2063 Dump full CMOS c\n-0002f5e0: 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6173 2068 6578 6164 ontents as hexad\n-0002f5f0: 6563 696d 616c 2076 616c 7565 732e 2020 ecimal values. \n-0002f600: 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 730a This command is.\n-0002f610: 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f available o\n-0002f620: 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 nly on platforms\n-0002f630: 2074 6861 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 434d that support CM\n-0002f640: 4f53 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 OS.....File: gru\n-0002f650: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 b.info, Node: c\n-0002f660: 6d6f 7374 6573 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 mostest, Next: \n-0002f670: 636d 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636d 6f73 cmp, Prev: cmos\n-0002f680: 6475 6d70 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 dump, Up: Comma\n-0002f690: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-0002f6a0: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3320 636d 6f73 7465 ..17.4.13 cmoste\n-0002f6b0: 7374 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d st.-------------\n-0002f6c0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-0002f6d0: 3a20 636d 6f73 7465 7374 2062 7974 653a : cmostest byte:\n-0002f6e0: 6269 740a 2020 2020 2054 6573 7420 7661 bit. Test va\n-0002f6f0: 6c75 6520 6f66 2062 6974 2069 6e20 434d lue of bit in CM\n-0002f700: 4f53 2061 7420 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2042 OS at location B\n-0002f710: 5954 453a 4249 542e 2020 4578 6974 2073 YTE:BIT. Exit s\n-0002f720: 7461 7475 7320 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7a65 tatus is. ze\n-0002f730: 726f 2069 6620 6269 7420 6973 2073 6574 ro if bit is set\n-0002f740: 2c20 6e6f 6e20 7a65 726f 206f 7468 6572 , non zero other\n-0002f750: 7769 7365 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d wise. This comm\n-0002f760: 616e 6420 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 and is available\n-0002f770: 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 706c . only on pl\n-0002f780: 6174 666f 726d 7320 7468 6174 2073 7570 atforms that sup\n-0002f790: 706f 7274 2043 4d4f 532e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 port CMOS.....Fi\n-0002f7a0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0002f7b0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 702c 2020 4e65 7874 Node: cmp, Next\n-0002f7c0: 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 2c20 2050 : configfile, P\n-0002f7d0: 7265 763a 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 742c 2020 rev: cmostest, \n-0002f7e0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-0002f7f0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-0002f800: 3134 2063 6d70 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 14 cmp.---------\n-0002f810: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-0002f820: 2063 6d70 205b 2d76 5d20 6669 6c65 3120 cmp [-v] file1 \n-0002f830: 6669 6c65 320a 2020 2020 2043 6f6d 7061 file2. Compa\n-0002f840: 7265 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 4649 4c45 re the file FILE\n-0002f850: 3120 7769 7468 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 1 with the file \n-0002f860: 4649 4c45 322e 2020 4966 2074 6865 7920 FILE2. If they \n-0002f870: 6172 6520 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 6c79 0a20 are completely. \n-0002f880: 2020 2020 6964 656e 7469 6361 6c2c 20e2 identical, .\n-0002f890: 8098 243f e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 ..$?... will be \n-0002f8a0: 7365 7420 746f 2030 2e20 204f 7468 6572 set to 0. Other\n-0002f8b0: 7769 7365 2c20 6966 2074 6865 2066 696c wise, if the fil\n-0002f8c0: 6573 2061 7265 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 es are not. \n-0002f8d0: 6964 656e 7469 6361 6c2c 20e2 8098 243f identical, ...$?\n-0002f8e0: e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 7420 ... will be set \n-0002f8f0: 746f 2061 206e 6f6e 7a65 726f 2076 616c to a nonzero val\n-0002f900: 7565 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4279 2064 6566 ue... By def\n-0002f910: 6175 6c74 206e 6f74 6869 6e67 2077 696c ault nothing wil\n-0002f920: 6c20 6265 206f 7574 7075 742e 2020 4966 l be output. If\n-0002f930: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d76 e280 9920 6973 the ...-v... is\n-0002f940: 2075 7365 642c 2076 6572 626f 7365 0a20 used, verbose. \n-0002f950: 2020 2020 6d6f 6465 2069 7320 656e 6162 mode is enab\n-0002f960: 6c65 642e 2020 496e 2074 6869 7320 6d6f led. In this mo\n-0002f970: 6465 2077 6865 6e20 7768 656e 2074 6865 de when when the\n-0002f980: 2066 696c 6573 2064 6966 6665 7220 696e files differ in\n-0002f990: 2073 697a 652c 0a20 2020 2020 7072 696e size,. prin\n-0002f9a0: 7420 7468 6520 7369 7a65 7320 6c69 6b65 t the sizes like\n-0002f9b0: 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 this:.. \n-0002f9c0: 2020 4469 6666 6572 2069 6e20 7369 7a65 Differ in size\n-0002f9d0: 3a20 3078 3132 3334 205b 666f 6f5d 2c20 : 0x1234 [foo], \n-0002f9e0: 3078 3433 3231 205b 6261 725d 0a0a 2020 0x4321 [bar].. \n-0002f9f0: 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 7369 7a65 7320 If the sizes \n-0002fa00: 6172 6520 6571 7561 6c20 6275 7420 7468 are equal but th\n-0002fa10: 6520 6279 7465 7320 6174 2061 6e20 6f66 e bytes at an of\n-0002fa20: 6673 6574 2064 6966 6665 722c 2074 6865 fset differ, the\n-0002fa30: 6e0a 2020 2020 2070 7269 6e74 2074 6865 n. print the\n-0002fa40: 2062 7974 6573 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 bytes like this\n-0002fa50: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 6966 :.. Dif\n-0002fa60: 6665 7220 6174 2074 6865 206f 6666 7365 fer at the offse\n-0002fa70: 7420 3737 373a 2030 7862 6520 5b66 6f6f t 777: 0xbe [foo\n-0002fa80: 5d2c 2030 7865 6620 5b62 6172 5d0a 0a1f ], 0xef [bar]...\n-0002fa90: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0002faa0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 , Node: configf\n-0002fab0: 696c 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6370 7569 ile, Next: cpui\n-0002fac0: 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636d 702c 2020 d, Prev: cmp, \n-0002fad0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-0002fae0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-0002faf0: 3135 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 650a 2d2d 15 configfile.--\n-0002fb00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0002fb10: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 .. -- Command: c\n-0002fb20: 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 6520 6669 6c65 0a20 onfigfile file. \n-0002fb30: 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2046 494c 4520 6173 Load FILE as\n-0002fb40: 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e a configuration\n-0002fb50: 2066 696c 652e 2020 4966 2046 494c 4520 file. If FILE \n-0002fb60: 6465 6669 6e65 7320 616e 7920 6d65 6e75 defines any menu\n-0002fb70: 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7472 6965 732c 2074 . entries, t\n-0002fb80: 6865 6e20 7368 6f77 2061 206d 656e 7520 hen show a menu \n-0002fb90: 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 6d20 containing them \n-0002fba0: 696d 6d65 6469 6174 656c 792e 2020 416e immediately. An\n-0002fbb0: 790a 2020 2020 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 y. environme\n-0002fbc0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6368 616e nt variable chan\n-0002fbd0: 6765 7320 6d61 6465 2062 7920 7468 6520 ges made by the \n-0002fbe0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2069 6e20 4649 4c45 commands in FILE\n-0002fbf0: 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2062 will not. b\n-0002fc00: 6520 7072 6573 6572 7665 6420 6166 7465 e preserved afte\n-0002fc10: 7220 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 r ...configfile.\n-0002fc20: 8099 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 .. returns.....F\n-0002fc30: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0002fc40: 204e 6f64 653a 2063 7075 6964 2c20 204e Node: cpuid, N\n-0002fc50: 6578 743a 2063 7263 2c20 2050 7265 763a ext: crc, Prev:\n-0002fc60: 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 652c 2020 5570 configfile, Up\n-0002fc70: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-0002fc80: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3136 ommands..17.4.16\n-0002fc90: 2063 7075 6964 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d cpuid.---------\n-0002fca0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-0002fcb0: 643a 2063 7075 6964 205b 2d6c 5d20 5b2d d: cpuid [-l] [-\n-0002fcc0: 705d 0a20 2020 2020 4368 6563 6b20 666f p]. Check fo\n-0002fcd0: 7220 4350 5520 6665 6174 7572 6573 2e20 r CPU features. \n-0002fce0: 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 This command is\n-0002fcf0: 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 only available \n-0002fd00: 6f6e 2078 3836 0a20 2020 2020 7379 7374 on x86. syst\n-0002fd10: 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 ems... With \n-0002fd20: 7468 6520 e280 982d 6ce2 8099 206f 7074 the ...-l... opt\n-0002fd30: 696f 6e2c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7472 7565 ion, return true\n-0002fd40: 2069 6620 7468 6520 4350 5520 7375 7070 if the CPU supp\n-0002fd50: 6f72 7473 206c 6f6e 6720 6d6f 6465 0a20 orts long mode. \n-0002fd60: 2020 2020 2836 342d 6269 7429 2e0a 0a20 (64-bit)... \n-0002fd70: 2020 2020 5769 7468 2074 6865 20e2 8098 With the ...\n-0002fd80: 2d70 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 7265 -p... option, re\n-0002fd90: 7475 726e 2074 7275 6520 6966 2074 6865 turn true if the\n-0002fda0: 2043 5055 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 5068 CPU supports Ph\n-0002fdb0: 7973 6963 616c 0a20 2020 2020 4164 6472 ysical. Addr\n-0002fdc0: 6573 7320 4578 7465 6e73 696f 6e20 2850 ess Extension (P\n-0002fdd0: 4145 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 696e AE)... If in\n-0002fde0: 766f 6b65 6420 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6f70 voked without op\n-0002fdf0: 7469 6f6e 732c 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d tions, this comm\n-0002fe00: 616e 6420 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6265 and currently be\n-0002fe10: 6861 7665 7320 6173 2069 6620 6974 0a20 haves as if it. \n-0002fe20: 2020 2020 6861 6420 6265 656e 2069 6e76 had been inv\n-0002fe30: 6f6b 6564 2077 6974 6820 e280 982d 6ce2 oked with ...-l.\n-0002fe40: 8099 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d61 7920 6368 ... This may ch\n-0002fe50: 616e 6765 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6675 7475 ange in the futu\n-0002fe60: 7265 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 re.....File: gru\n-0002fe70: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 b.info, Node: c\n-0002fe80: 7263 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 7279 7074 rc, Next: crypt\n-0002fe90: 6f6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 omount, Prev: c\n-0002fea0: 7075 6964 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 puid, Up: Comma\n-0002feb0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-0002fec0: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3720 6372 630a 2d2d ..17.4.17 crc.--\n-0002fed0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-0002fee0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6372 6320 6172 6720 ommand: crc arg \n-0002fef0: 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 2066 .... Alias f\n-0002ff00: 6f72 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d or ...hashsum --\n-0002ff10: 6861 7368 2063 7263 3332 2061 7267 202e hash crc32 arg .\n-0002ff20: 2e2e e280 992e 2020 5365 6520 636f 6d6d ...... See comm\n-0002ff30: 616e 6420 e280 9868 6173 6873 756d e280 and ...hashsum..\n-0002ff40: 990a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6861 .. (*note ha\n-0002ff50: 7368 7375 6d3a 3a29 2066 6f72 2066 756c shsum::) for ful\n-0002ff60: 6c20 6465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a l description...\n-0002ff70: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0002ff80: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6372 7970 746f o, Node: crypto\n-0002ff90: 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6375 mount, Next: cu\n-0002ffa0: 746d 656d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 7263 tmem, Prev: crc\n-0002ffb0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-0002ffc0: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-0002ffd0: 2e34 2e31 3820 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e .4.18 cryptomoun\n-0002ffe0: 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t.--------------\n-0002fff0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-00030000: 6e64 3a20 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 7420 nd: cryptomount \n-00030010: 5b20 5b2d 7020 7061 7373 776f 7264 5d20 [ [-p password] \n-00030020: 7c20 5b2d 6b20 6b65 7966 696c 6520 5b2d | [-k keyfile [-\n-00030030: 4f20 6b65 796f 6666 7365 745d 0a20 2020 O keyoffset]. \n-00030040: 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d53 206b 6579 7369 [-S keysi\n-00030050: 7a65 5d20 5d20 5d20 5b2d 4820 6669 6c65 ze] ] ] [-H file\n-00030060: 5d20 6465 7669 6365 7c2d 7520 7575 6964 ] device|-u uuid\n-00030070: 7c2d 617c 2d62 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7475 |-a|-b. Setu\n-00030080: 7020 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 656e 6372 p access to encr\n-00030090: 7970 7465 6420 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2041 ypted device. A\n-000300a0: 2070 6173 7370 6872 6173 6520 7769 6c6c passphrase will\n-000300b0: 2062 6520 7265 7175 6573 7465 640a 2020 be requested. \n-000300c0: 2020 2069 6e74 6572 6163 7469 7665 6c79 interactively\n-000300d0: 2c20 6966 206e 6569 7468 6572 2074 6865 , if neither the\n-000300e0: 20e2 8098 2d70 e280 9920 6e6f 7220 e280 ...-p... nor ..\n-000300f0: 982d 6be2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 .-k... options a\n-00030100: 7265 2067 6976 656e 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 re given. The. \n-00030110: 2020 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d70 option ...-p\n-00030120: e280 9920 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 ... can be used \n-00030130: 746f 2073 7570 706c 7920 6120 7061 7373 to supply a pass\n-00030140: 7068 7261 7365 2028 7573 6566 756c 2066 phrase (useful f\n-00030150: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7363 7269 7074 7329 or. scripts)\n-00030160: 2e20 2041 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 6c79 . Alternatively\n-00030170: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d6b e280 9920 6f70 the ...-k... op\n-00030180: 7469 6f6e 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 tion can be used\n-00030190: 2074 6f20 7375 7070 6c79 2061 0a20 2020 to supply a. \n-000301a0: 2020 6b65 7966 696c 6520 7769 7468 206f keyfile with o\n-000301b0: 7074 696f 6e73 20e2 8098 2d4f e280 9920 ptions ...-O... \n-000301c0: 616e 6420 e280 982d 53e2 8099 206f 7074 and ...-S... opt\n-000301d0: 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 7375 7070 6c79 696e ionally supplyin\n-000301e0: 6720 7468 6520 6f66 6673 6574 0a20 2020 g the offset. \n-000301f0: 2020 616e 6420 7369 7a65 2c20 7265 7370 and size, resp\n-00030200: 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2c20 6f66 2074 6865 ectively, of the\n-00030210: 206b 6579 2064 6174 6120 696e 2074 6865 key data in the\n-00030220: 2067 6976 656e 206b 6579 2066 696c 652e given key file.\n-00030230: 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d48 The. ...-H\n-00030240: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6361 6e20 ... options can \n-00030250: 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 7570 706c be used to suppl\n-00030260: 7920 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 7420 6261 y cryptomount ba\n-00030270: 636b 656e 6473 2077 6974 6820 616e 0a20 ckends with an. \n-00030280: 2020 2020 616c 7465 726e 6174 6976 6520 alternative \n-00030290: 6865 6164 6572 2066 696c 6520 2861 6b61 header file (aka\n-000302a0: 2064 6574 6163 6865 6420 6865 6164 6572 detached header\n-000302b0: 292e 2020 4e6f 7420 616c 6c20 6261 636b ). Not all back\n-000302c0: 656e 6473 0a20 2020 2020 6861 7665 2068 ends. have h\n-000302d0: 6561 6465 7273 206e 6f72 2073 7570 706f eaders nor suppo\n-000302e0: 7274 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 2068 rt alternative h\n-000302f0: 6561 6465 7220 6669 6c65 7320 2863 7572 eader files (cur\n-00030300: 7265 6e74 6c79 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 rently only. \n-00030310: 204c 554b 5331 2061 6e64 204c 554b 5332 LUKS1 and LUKS2\n-00030320: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2074 6865 6d29 2e20 support them). \n-00030330: 2041 7267 756d 656e 7420 4445 5649 4345 Argument DEVICE\n-00030340: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 7320 7370 6563 configures spec\n-00030350: 6966 6963 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2064 ific. grub d\n-00030360: 6576 6963 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 204e 616d evice (*note Nam\n-00030370: 696e 6720 636f 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e 3a3a ing convention::\n-00030380: 293b 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 75e2 ); option ...-u.\n-00030390: 8099 2055 5549 440a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e .. UUID. con\n-000303a0: 6669 6775 7265 7320 6465 7669 6365 2077 figures device w\n-000303b0: 6974 6820 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 5555 ith specified UU\n-000303c0: 4944 3b20 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d61 ID; option ...-a\n-000303d0: e280 9920 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6573 2061 ... configures a\n-000303e0: 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 6465 7465 6374 6564 ll. detected\n-000303f0: 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2064 6576 6963 encrypted devic\n-00030400: 6573 3b20 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d62 es; option ...-b\n-00030410: e280 9920 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6573 2061 ... configures a\n-00030420: 6c6c 2067 656c 690a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e ll geli. con\n-00030430: 7461 696e 6572 7320 7468 6174 2068 6176 tainers that hav\n-00030440: 6520 626f 6f74 2066 6c61 6720 7365 742e e boot flag set.\n-00030450: 0a0a 2020 2020 2044 6576 6963 6573 2061 .. Devices a\n-00030460: 7265 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2074 re not allowed t\n-00030470: 6f20 6265 2067 6976 656e 2061 7320 6b65 o be given as ke\n-00030480: 7920 6669 6c65 7320 6e6f 7220 6173 2064 y files nor as d\n-00030490: 6574 6163 6865 640a 2020 2020 2068 6561 etached. hea\n-000304a0: 6465 7220 6669 6c65 732e 2020 486f 7765 der files. Howe\n-000304b0: 7665 722c 2074 6869 7320 6c69 6d69 7461 ver, this limita\n-000304c0: 7469 6f6e 2063 616e 2062 6520 776f 726b tion can be work\n-000304d0: 6564 2061 726f 756e 6420 6279 0a20 2020 ed around by. \n-000304e0: 2020 7573 696e 6720 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 using blocklis\n-000304f0: 7420 7379 6e74 6178 2e20 2053 6f20 666f t syntax. So fo\n-00030500: 7220 696e 7374 616e 6365 2c20 e280 9828 r instance, ...(\n-00030510: 6864 312c 6770 7432 29e2 8099 2063 616e hd1,gpt2)... can\n-00030520: 206e 6f74 2062 650a 2020 2020 2075 7365 not be. use\n-00030530: 642c 2062 7574 20e2 8098 2868 6431 2c67 d, but ...(hd1,g\n-00030540: 7074 3229 302b e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2061 pt2)0+... will a\n-00030550: 6368 6965 7665 2074 6865 2064 6573 6972 chieve the desir\n-00030560: 6564 2072 6573 756c 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 ed result... \n-00030570: 2047 5255 4220 7375 706f 7274 7320 6465 GRUB suports de\n-00030580: 7669 6365 7320 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 vices encrypted \n-00030590: 7573 696e 6720 4c55 4b53 2c20 4c55 4b53 using LUKS, LUKS\n-000305a0: 3220 616e 6420 6765 6c69 2e20 204e 6f74 2 and geli. Not\n-000305b0: 650a 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 6e65 6365 e. that nece\n-000305c0: 7373 6172 7920 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 284c ssary modules (L\n-000305d0: 554b 532c 204c 554b 5332 2061 6e64 2047 UKS, LUKS2 and G\n-000305e0: 454c 4929 2068 6176 6520 746f 2062 6520 ELI) have to be \n-000305f0: 6c6f 6164 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6e75 loaded. manu\n-00030600: 616c 6c79 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7468 6973 ally before this\n-00030610: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 616e 2062 6520 command can be \n-00030620: 7573 6564 2e20 2046 6f72 204c 554b 5332 used. For LUKS2\n-00030630: 206f 6e6c 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 2050 only the. P\n-00030640: 424b 4446 3220 6b65 7920 6465 7269 7661 BKDF2 key deriva\n-00030650: 7469 6f6e 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6973 tion function is\n-00030660: 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2c20 6173 2041 supported, as A\n-00030670: 7267 6f6e 3220 6973 206e 6f74 2079 6574 rgon2 is not yet\n-00030680: 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 6f72 7465 642e . supported.\n-00030690: 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 7563 6365 7373 6675 .. Successfu\n-000306a0: 6c6c 7920 6465 6372 7970 7465 6420 6469 lly decrypted di\n-000306b0: 736b 7320 6172 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 6173 sks are named as\n-000306c0: 2028 6372 7970 746f 5829 2061 6e64 2068 (cryptoX) and h\n-000306d0: 6176 650a 2020 2020 2069 6e63 7265 6173 ave. increas\n-000306e0: 696e 6720 6e75 6d65 7261 7469 6f6e 2073 ing numeration s\n-000306f0: 7566 6669 7820 666f 7220 6561 6368 206e uffix for each n\n-00030700: 6577 2064 6563 7279 7074 6564 2064 6973 ew decrypted dis\n-00030710: 6b2e 2020 4966 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 k. If the. \n-00030720: 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 6469 736b 2068 encrypted disk h\n-00030730: 6f73 7473 2073 6f6d 6520 6869 6768 6572 osts some higher\n-00030740: 206c 6576 656c 206f 6620 6162 7374 7261 level of abstra\n-00030750: 6374 696f 6e20 286c 696b 6520 4c56 4d32 ction (like LVM2\n-00030760: 206f 720a 2020 2020 204d 4452 4149 4429 or. MDRAID)\n-00030770: 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6372 6561 it will be crea\n-00030780: 7465 6420 756e 6465 7220 6120 7365 7061 ted under a sepa\n-00030790: 7261 7465 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 rate device name\n-000307a0: 7370 6163 6520 696e 0a20 2020 2020 6164 space in. ad\n-000307b0: 6469 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6372 dition to the cr\n-000307c0: 7970 746f 6469 736b 206e 616d 6573 7061 yptodisk namespa\n-000307d0: 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5375 7070 6f72 ce... Suppor\n-000307e0: 7420 666f 7220 706c 6169 6e20 656e 6372 t for plain encr\n-000307f0: 7970 7469 6f6e 206d 6f64 6520 2870 6c61 yption mode (pla\n-00030800: 696e 2064 6d2d 6372 7970 7429 2069 7320 in dm-crypt) is \n-00030810: 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2076 6961 0a20 2020 provided via. \n-00030820: 2020 7365 7061 7261 7465 20e2 8098 2a6e separate ...*n\n-00030830: 6f74 6520 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 3a3a ote plainmount::\n-00030840: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 1f0a ... command.....\n-00030850: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00030860: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6375 746d 656d 2c20 Node: cutmem, \n-00030870: 204e 6578 743a 2064 6174 652c 2020 5072 Next: date, Pr\n-00030880: 6576 3a20 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 742c ev: cryptomount,\n-00030890: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-000308a0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-000308b0: 342e 3139 2063 7574 6d65 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 4.19 cutmem.----\n-000308c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-000308d0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 7574 6d65 6d20 Command: cutmem \n-000308e0: 6672 6f6d 5b4b 7c4d 7c47 5d20 746f 5b4b from[K|M|G] to[K\n-000308f0: 7c4d 7c47 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 |M|G]. Remov\n-00030900: 6520 616e 7920 6d65 6d6f 7279 2072 6567 e any memory reg\n-00030910: 696f 6e73 2069 6e20 7370 6563 6966 6965 ions in specifie\n-00030920: 6420 7261 6e67 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 d range... T\n-00030930: 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6e6f 7469 his command noti\n-00030940: 6669 6573 2074 6865 206d 656d 6f72 7920 fies the memory \n-00030950: 6d61 6e61 6765 7220 7468 6174 2073 7065 manager that spe\n-00030960: 6369 6669 6564 2072 6567 696f 6e73 206f cified regions o\n-00030970: 660a 2020 2020 2052 414d 206f 7567 6874 f. RAM ought\n-00030980: 2074 6f20 6265 2066 696c 7465 7265 6420 to be filtered \n-00030990: 6f75 742e 2020 5468 6973 2072 656d 6169 out. This remai\n-000309a0: 6e73 2069 6e20 6566 6665 6374 2061 6674 ns in effect aft\n-000309b0: 6572 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7061 796c 6f61 er a. payloa\n-000309c0: 6420 6b65 726e 656c 2068 6173 2062 6565 d kernel has bee\n-000309d0: 6e20 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 n loaded by GRUB\n-000309e0: 2c20 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 2074 6865 , as long as the\n-000309f0: 206c 6f61 6465 640a 2020 2020 206b 6572 loaded. ker\n-00030a00: 6e65 6c20 6f62 7461 696e 7320 6974 7320 nel obtains its \n-00030a10: 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 6170 2066 726f 6d20 memory map from \n-00030a20: 4752 5542 2e20 4b65 726e 656c 7320 7468 GRUB. Kernels th\n-00030a30: 6174 2073 7570 706f 7274 2074 6869 730a at support this.\n-00030a40: 2020 2020 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 204c 696e include Lin\n-00030a50: 7578 2c20 474e 5520 4d61 6368 2c20 7468 ux, GNU Mach, th\n-00030a60: 6520 6b65 726e 656c 206f 6620 4672 6565 e kernel of Free\n-00030a70: 4253 4420 616e 6420 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f BSD and Multiboo\n-00030a80: 740a 2020 2020 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2069 t. kernels i\n-00030a90: 6e20 6765 6e65 7261 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2020 n general... \n-00030aa0: 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 The command is \n-00030ab0: 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 20e2 8098 6261 similar to ...ba\n-00030ac0: 6472 616d e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642e dram... command.\n-00030ad0: 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 653a 2054 6865 .. Note: The\n-00030ae0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 command is not \n-00030af0: 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 7768 656e 206c 6f63 allowed when loc\n-00030b00: 6b64 6f77 6e20 6973 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 kdown is enforce\n-00030b10: 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f d (*note. Lo\n-00030b20: 636b 646f 776e 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 ckdown::). This\n-00030b30: 2070 7265 7665 6e74 7320 7265 6d6f 7669 prevents removi\n-00030b40: 6e67 2045 4649 206d 656d 6f72 7920 7265 ng EFI memory re\n-00030b50: 6769 6f6e 7320 746f 0a20 2020 2020 706f gions to. po\n-00030b60: 7465 6e74 6961 6c6c 7920 7375 6276 6572 tentially subver\n-00030b70: 7420 7468 6520 7365 6375 7269 7479 206d t the security m\n-00030b80: 6563 6861 6e69 736d 7320 7072 6f76 6964 echanisms provid\n-00030b90: 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 5545 4649 0a20 ed by the UEFI. \n-00030ba0: 2020 2020 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 742e secure boot.\n-00030bb0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00030bc0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6461 7465 nfo, Node: date\n-00030bd0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2064 6576 6963 6574 , Next: devicet\n-00030be0: 7265 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6375 746d ree, Prev: cutm\n-00030bf0: 656d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 em, Up: Command\n-00030c00: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-00030c10: 3137 2e34 2e32 3020 6461 7465 0a2d 2d2d 17.4.20 date.---\n-00030c20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-00030c30: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6461 7465 205b 5b79 ommand: date [[y\n-00030c40: 6561 722d 5d6d 6f6e 7468 2d64 6179 5d20 ear-]month-day] \n-00030c50: 5b68 6f75 723a 6d69 6e75 7465 5b3a 7365 [hour:minute[:se\n-00030c60: 636f 6e64 5d5d 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 cond]]. With\n-00030c70: 206e 6f20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732c 2070 no arguments, p\n-00030c80: 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 rint the current\n-00030c90: 2064 6174 6520 616e 6420 7469 6d65 2e0a date and time..\n-00030ca0: 0a20 2020 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c . Otherwise,\n-00030cb0: 2074 616b 6520 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e take the curren\n-00030cc0: 7420 6461 7465 2061 6e64 2074 696d 652c t date and time,\n-00030cd0: 2063 6861 6e67 6520 616e 7920 656c 656d change any elem\n-00030ce0: 656e 7473 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 ents. specif\n-00030cf0: 6965 6420 6173 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 ied as arguments\n-00030d00: 2c20 616e 6420 7365 7420 7468 6520 7265 , and set the re\n-00030d10: 7375 6c74 2061 7320 7468 6520 6e65 7720 sult as the new \n-00030d20: 6461 7465 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7469 date and. ti\n-00030d30: 6d65 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 me. For example\n-00030d40: 2c20 2764 6174 6520 3031 2d30 3127 2077 , 'date 01-01' w\n-00030d50: 696c 6c20 7365 7420 7468 6520 6375 7272 ill set the curr\n-00030d60: 656e 7420 6d6f 6e74 6820 616e 6420 6461 ent month and da\n-00030d70: 790a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 4a61 6e75 6172 y. to Januar\n-00030d80: 7920 312c 2062 7574 206c 6561 7665 2074 y 1, but leave t\n-00030d90: 6865 2079 6561 722c 2068 6f75 722c 206d he year, hour, m\n-00030da0: 696e 7574 652c 2061 6e64 2073 6563 6f6e inute, and secon\n-00030db0: 640a 2020 2020 2075 6e63 6861 6e67 6564 d. unchanged\n-00030dc0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00030dd0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2064 6576 info, Node: dev\n-00030de0: 6963 6574 7265 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 icetree, Next: \n-00030df0: 6469 7374 7275 7374 2c20 2050 7265 763a distrust, Prev:\n-00030e00: 2064 6174 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d date, Up: Comm\n-00030e10: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n-00030e20: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3231 2064 6576 6963 s..17.4.21 devic\n-00030e30: 6574 7265 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d etree.----------\n-00030e40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-00030e50: 6d6d 616e 643a 2064 6576 6963 6574 7265 mmand: devicetre\n-00030e60: 6520 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 e file. Load\n-00030e70: 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 7472 6565 2062 a device tree b\n-00030e80: 6c6f 6220 282e 6474 6229 2066 726f 6d20 lob (.dtb) from \n-00030e90: 6120 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2c20 666f a filesystem, fo\n-00030ea0: 7220 6c61 7465 7220 7573 6520 6279 0a20 r later use by. \n-00030eb0: 2020 2020 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e a Linux kern\n-00030ec0: 656c 2e20 2044 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 7065 el. Does not pe\n-00030ed0: 7266 6f72 6d20 6d65 7267 696e 6720 7769 rform merging wi\n-00030ee0: 7468 2061 6e79 2064 6576 6963 6520 7472 th any device tr\n-00030ef0: 6565 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 6c69 6564 ee. supplied\n-00030f00: 2062 7920 6669 726d 7761 7265 2c20 6275 by firmware, bu\n-00030f10: 7420 7261 7468 6572 2072 6570 6c61 6365 t rather replace\n-00030f20: 7320 6974 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 656c 792e s it completely.\n-00030f30: 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 653a 2054 6865 .. Note: The\n-00030f40: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 command is not \n-00030f50: 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 7768 656e 206c 6f63 allowed when loc\n-00030f60: 6b64 6f77 6e20 6973 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 kdown is enforce\n-00030f70: 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f d (*note. Lo\n-00030f80: 636b 646f 776e 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 ckdown::). This\n-00030f90: 2069 7320 646f 6e65 2074 6f20 7072 6576 is done to prev\n-00030fa0: 656e 7420 7375 6276 6572 7469 6e67 2076 ent subverting v\n-00030fb0: 6172 696f 7573 2073 6563 7572 6974 790a arious security.\n-00030fc0: 2020 2020 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d 732e mechanisms.\n-00030fd0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00030fe0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6469 7374 nfo, Node: dist\n-00030ff0: 7275 7374 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2064 7269 rust, Next: dri\n-00031000: 7665 6d61 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6465 vemap, Prev: de\n-00031010: 7669 6365 7472 6565 2c20 2055 703a 2043 vicetree, Up: C\n-00031020: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-00031030: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3220 6469 ands..17.4.22 di\n-00031040: 7374 7275 7374 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d strust.---------\n-00031050: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-00031060: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6469 7374 7275 7374 2070 mand: distrust p\n-00031070: 7562 6b65 795f 6964 0a20 2020 2020 5265 ubkey_id. Re\n-00031080: 6d6f 7665 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7920 move public key \n-00031090: 5055 424b 4559 5f49 4420 6672 6f6d 2047 PUBKEY_ID from G\n-000310a0: 5255 4227 7320 6b65 7972 696e 6720 6f66 RUB's keyring of\n-000310b0: 2074 7275 7374 6564 206b 6579 732e 0a20 trusted keys.. \n-000310c0: 2020 2020 5055 424b 4559 5f49 4420 6973 PUBKEY_ID is\n-000310d0: 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 666f 7572 2062 the last four b\n-000310e0: 7974 6573 2028 6569 6768 7420 6865 7861 ytes (eight hexa\n-000310f0: 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 6469 6769 7473 2920 decimal digits) \n-00031100: 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 4750 4720 of the. GPG \n-00031110: 7634 206b 6579 2069 642c 2077 6869 6368 v4 key id, which\n-00031120: 2069 7320 616c 736f 2074 6865 206f 7574 is also the out\n-00031130: 7075 7420 6f66 20e2 8098 6c69 7374 5f74 put of ...list_t\n-00031140: 7275 7374 6564 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 rusted... (*note\n-00031150: 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 . list_trust\n-00031160: 6564 3a3a 292e 2020 4f75 7473 6964 6520 ed::). Outside \n-00031170: 6f66 2047 5255 422c 2074 6865 206b 6579 of GRUB, the key\n-00031180: 2069 6420 6361 6e20 6265 206f 6274 6169 id can be obtai\n-00031190: 6e65 6420 7573 696e 670a 2020 2020 20e2 ned using. .\n-000311a0: 8098 6770 6720 2d2d 6669 6e67 6572 7072 ..gpg --fingerpr\n-000311b0: 696e 74e2 8099 292e 2020 5468 6573 6520 int...). These \n-000311c0: 6b65 7973 2061 7265 2075 7365 6420 746f keys are used to\n-000311d0: 2076 616c 6964 6174 6520 7369 676e 6174 validate signat\n-000311e0: 7572 6573 0a20 2020 2020 7768 656e 2065 ures. when e\n-000311f0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-00031200: 626c 6520 e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 ble ...check_sig\n-00031210: 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 natures... is se\n-00031220: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 t to ...enforce.\n-00031230: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2063 ... (*note c\n-00031240: 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a heck_signatures:\n-00031250: 3a29 2c20 616e 6420 6279 2073 6f6d 6520 :), and by some \n-00031260: 696e 766f 6361 7469 6f6e 7320 6f66 0a20 invocations of. \n-00031270: 2020 2020 e280 9876 6572 6966 795f 6465 ...verify_de\n-00031280: 7461 6368 6564 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 tached... (*note\n-00031290: 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 verify_detached\n-000312a0: 3a3a 292e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 696e ::). *Note Usin\n-000312b0: 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 g digital. s\n-000312c0: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 ignatures::, for\n-000312d0: 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f more informatio\n-000312e0: 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 n.....File: grub\n-000312f0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6472 .info, Node: dr\n-00031300: 6976 656d 6170 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2065 ivemap, Next: e\n-00031310: 6368 6f2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6469 7374 cho, Prev: dist\n-00031320: 7275 7374 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 rust, Up: Comma\n-00031330: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-00031340: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3320 6472 6976 656d ..17.4.23 drivem\n-00031350: 6170 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ap.-------------\n-00031360: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-00031370: 3a20 6472 6976 656d 6170 202d 6c7c 2d72 : drivemap -l|-r\n-00031380: 7c5b 2d73 5d20 6672 6f6d 5f64 7269 7665 |[-s] from_drive\n-00031390: 2074 6f5f 6472 6976 650a 2020 2020 2057 to_drive. W\n-000313a0: 6974 686f 7574 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2c20 ithout options, \n-000313b0: 6d61 7020 7468 6520 6472 6976 6520 4652 map the drive FR\n-000313c0: 4f4d 5f44 5249 5645 2074 6f20 7468 6520 OM_DRIVE to the \n-000313d0: 6472 6976 6520 544f 5f44 5249 5645 2e0a drive TO_DRIVE..\n-000313e0: 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6973 206e 6563 This is nec\n-000313f0: 6573 7361 7279 2077 6865 6e20 796f 7520 essary when you \n-00031400: 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 2073 6f6d 6520 chain-load some \n-00031410: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n-00031420: 732c 2073 7563 680a 2020 2020 2061 7320 s, such. as \n-00031430: 444f 532c 2069 6620 7375 6368 2061 6e20 DOS, if such an \n-00031440: 4f53 2072 6573 6964 6573 2061 7420 6120 OS resides at a \n-00031450: 6e6f 6e2d 6669 7273 7420 6472 6976 652e non-first drive.\n-00031460: 2020 466f 720a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7665 For. conve\n-00031470: 6e69 656e 6365 2c20 616e 7920 7061 7274 nience, any part\n-00031480: 6974 696f 6e20 7375 6666 6978 206f 6e20 ition suffix on \n-00031490: 7468 6520 6472 6976 6520 6973 2069 676e the drive is ign\n-000314a0: 6f72 6564 2c20 736f 2079 6f75 0a20 2020 ored, so you. \n-000314b0: 2020 6361 6e20 7361 6665 6c79 2075 7365 can safely use\n-000314c0: 2024 7b72 6f6f 747d 2061 7320 6120 6472 ${root} as a dr\n-000314d0: 6976 6520 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f ive specificatio\n-000314e0: 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 7468 n... With th\n-000314f0: 6520 e280 982d 73e2 8099 206f 7074 696f e ...-s... optio\n-00031500: 6e2c 2070 6572 666f 726d 2074 6865 2072 n, perform the r\n-00031510: 6576 6572 7365 206d 6170 7069 6e67 2061 everse mapping a\n-00031520: 7320 7765 6c6c 2c20 7377 6170 7069 6e67 s well, swapping\n-00031530: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 7477 6f20 6472 . the two dr\n-00031540: 6976 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 ives... With\n-00031550: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d6c e280 9920 6f70 the ...-l... op\n-00031560: 7469 6f6e 2c20 6c69 7374 2074 6865 2063 tion, list the c\n-00031570: 7572 7265 6e74 206d 6170 7069 6e67 732e urrent mappings.\n-00031580: 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 7468 6520 .. With the \n-00031590: e280 982d 72e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e2c ...-r... option,\n-000315a0: 2072 6573 6574 2061 6c6c 206d 6170 7069 reset all mappi\n-000315b0: 6e67 7320 746f 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 ngs to the defau\n-000315c0: 6c74 2076 616c 7565 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 lt values... \n-000315d0: 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 For example:.. \n-000315e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 7269 7665 6d61 drivema\n-000315f0: 7020 2d73 2028 6864 3029 2028 6864 3129 p -s (hd0) (hd1)\n-00031600: 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 4f54 453a 204f 6e6c .. NOTE: Onl\n-00031610: 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2069 y available on i\n-00031620: 3338 362d 7063 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 386-pc.....File:\n-00031630: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00031640: 653a 2065 6368 6f2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 e: echo, Next: \n-00031650: 6566 6974 6578 746d 6f64 652c 2020 5072 efitextmode, Pr\n-00031660: 6576 3a20 6472 6976 656d 6170 2c20 2055 ev: drivemap, U\n-00031670: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-00031680: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 commands..17.4.2\n-00031690: 3420 6563 686f 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 4 echo.---------\n-000316a0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-000316b0: 3a20 6563 686f 205b 2d6e 5d20 5b2d 655d : echo [-n] [-e]\n-000316c0: 2073 7472 696e 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 string .... \n-000316d0: 2044 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 2072 6571 Display the req\n-000316e0: 7565 7374 6564 2074 6578 7420 616e 642c uested text and,\n-000316f0: 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 7468 6520 e280 982d unless the ...-\n-00031700: 6ee2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2075 n... option is u\n-00031710: 7365 642c 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7472 6169 sed, a. trai\n-00031720: 6c69 6e67 206e 6577 206c 696e 652e 2020 ling new line. \n-00031730: 4966 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6d6f 7265 If there is more\n-00031740: 2074 6861 6e20 6f6e 6520 7374 7269 6e67 than one string\n-00031750: 2c20 7468 6579 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 , they are. \n-00031760: 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2073 7061 separated by spa\n-00031770: 6365 7320 696e 2074 6865 206f 7574 7075 ces in the outpu\n-00031780: 742e 2020 4173 2075 7375 616c 2069 6e20 t. As usual in \n-00031790: 4752 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 0a20 GRUB commands,. \n-000317a0: 2020 2020 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6d61 variables ma\n-000317b0: 7920 6265 2073 7562 7374 6974 7574 6564 y be substituted\n-000317c0: 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 247b 7661 727d using ...${var}\n-000317d0: e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 ...... The .\n-000317e0: 8098 2d65 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2065 ..-e... option e\n-000317f0: 6e61 626c 6573 2069 6e74 6572 7072 6574 nables interpret\n-00031800: 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 ation of backsla\n-00031810: 7368 2065 7363 6170 6573 2e20 2054 6865 sh escapes. The\n-00031820: 0a20 2020 2020 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 . following \n-00031830: 7365 7175 656e 6365 7320 6172 6520 7265 sequences are re\n-00031840: 636f 676e 6973 6564 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 cognised:.. \n-00031850: e280 985c 5ce2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ...\\\\.... \n-00031860: 2020 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 0a0a 2020 backslash.. \n-00031870: 2020 20e2 8098 5c61 e280 990a 2020 2020 ...\\a.... \n-00031880: 2020 2020 2020 616c 6572 7420 2842 454c alert (BEL\n-00031890: 290a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 985c 63e2 8099 ).. ...\\c...\n-000318a0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 7570 7072 . suppr\n-000318b0: 6573 7320 7472 6169 6c69 6e67 206e 6577 ess trailing new\n-000318c0: 206c 696e 650a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 985c line.. ...\\\n-000318d0: 66e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 f.... f\n-000318e0: 6f72 6d20 6665 6564 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 orm feed.. .\n-000318f0: 8098 5c6e e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ..\\n.... \n-00031900: 2020 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 0a0a 2020 2020 new line.. \n-00031910: 20e2 8098 5c72 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 ...\\r.... \n-00031920: 2020 2020 6361 7272 6961 6765 2072 6574 carriage ret\n-00031930: 7572 6e0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 985c 74e2 urn.. ...\\t.\n-00031940: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6f72 ... hor\n-00031950: 697a 6f6e 7461 6c20 7461 620a 0a20 2020 izontal tab.. \n-00031960: 2020 e280 985c 76e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 ...\\v.... \n-00031970: 2020 2020 2076 6572 7469 6361 6c20 7461 vertical ta\n-00031980: 620a 0a20 2020 2020 5768 656e 2069 6e74 b.. When int\n-00031990: 6572 7072 6574 696e 6720 6261 636b 736c erpreting backsl\n-000319a0: 6173 6820 6573 6361 7065 732c 2062 6163 ash escapes, bac\n-000319b0: 6b73 6c61 7368 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 kslash followed \n-000319c0: 6279 2061 6e79 0a20 2020 2020 6f74 6865 by any. othe\n-000319d0: 7220 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 7769 6c6c r character will\n-000319e0: 2070 7269 6e74 2074 6861 7420 6368 6172 print that char\n-000319f0: 6163 7465 722e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 acter.....File: \n-00031a00: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00031a10: 3a20 6566 6974 6578 746d 6f64 652c 2020 : efitextmode, \n-00031a20: 4e65 7874 3a20 6576 616c 2c20 2050 7265 Next: eval, Pre\n-00031a30: 763a 2065 6368 6f2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f v: echo, Up: Co\n-00031a40: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-00031a50: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3235 2065 6669 nds..17.4.25 efi\n-00031a60: 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d textmode.-------\n-00031a70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-00031a80: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2065 6669 7465 - Command: efite\n-00031a90: 7874 6d6f 6465 205b 6d69 6e20 7c20 6d61 xtmode [min | ma\n-00031aa0: 7820 7c20 3c6d 6f64 655f 6e75 6d3e 207c x | |\n-00031ab0: 203c 636f 6c73 3e20 3c72 6f77 733e 5d0a ].\n-00031ac0: 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 7573 6564 2077 When used w\n-00031ad0: 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 ith no arguments\n-00031ae0: 2064 6973 706c 6179 7320 616c 6c20 6176 displays all av\n-00031af0: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7465 7874 206f 7574 ailable text out\n-00031b00: 7075 740a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 6573 2e20 put. modes. \n-00031b10: 2054 6865 2073 6574 206d 6f64 6520 6465 The set mode de\n-00031b20: 7465 726d 696e 6573 2074 6865 2063 6f6c termines the col\n-00031b30: 756d 6e73 2061 6e64 2072 6f77 7320 6f66 umns and rows of\n-00031b40: 2074 6865 2074 6578 740a 2020 2020 2064 the text. d\n-00031b50: 6973 706c 6179 2077 6865 6e20 696e 2074 isplay when in t\n-00031b60: 6578 7420 6d6f 6465 2e20 2041 6e20 6173 ext mode. An as\n-00031b70: 7465 7269 736b 2c20 e280 982a e280 992c terisk, ...*...,\n-00031b80: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2061 7420 7468 6520 will be at the \n-00031b90: 656e 6420 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 end of. the \n-00031ba0: 6c69 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6520 6375 7272 line of the curr\n-00031bb0: 656e 746c 7920 7365 7420 6d6f 6465 2e0a ently set mode..\n-00031bc0: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2067 6976 656e 2061 . If given a\n-00031bd0: 2073 696e 676c 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 single paramete\n-00031be0: 722c 2069 7420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 e280 r, it must be ..\n-00031bf0: 986d 696e e280 992c 20e2 8098 6d61 78e2 .min..., ...max.\n-00031c00: 8099 2c20 6f72 2061 206d 6f64 650a 2020 .., or a mode. \n-00031c10: 2020 206e 756d 6265 7220 6769 7665 6e20 number given \n-00031c20: 6279 2074 6865 206c 6973 7469 6e67 2077 by the listing w\n-00031c30: 6865 6e20 7275 6e20 7769 7468 206e 6f20 hen run with no \n-00031c40: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732e 2020 5468 6573 arguments. Thes\n-00031c50: 650a 2020 2020 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 e. arguments\n-00031c60: 2073 6574 2074 6865 206d 6f64 6520 746f set the mode to\n-00031c70: 2074 6865 206d 696e 696d 756d 2c20 6d61 the minimum, ma\n-00031c80: 7869 6d75 6d2c 2061 6e64 2070 6172 7469 ximum, and parti\n-00031c90: 6375 6c61 7220 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 2020 cular mode. \n-00031ca0: 7265 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2e0a 0a20 respectively... \n-00031cb0: 2020 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 2074 Otherwise, t\n-00031cc0: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206d 7573 7420 he command must \n-00031cd0: 6265 2067 6976 656e 2074 776f 206e 756d be given two num\n-00031ce0: 6572 6963 616c 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 erical arguments\n-00031cf0: 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 . specifying\n-00031d00: 2074 6865 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 2061 6e64 the columns and\n-00031d10: 2072 6f77 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6573 rows of the des\n-00031d20: 6972 6564 206d 6f64 652e 2020 5370 6563 ired mode. Spec\n-00031d30: 6966 7969 6e67 2061 0a20 2020 2020 636f ifying a. co\n-00031d40: 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 2063 lumns and rows c\n-00031d50: 6f6d 6269 6e61 7469 6f6e 2074 6861 7420 ombination that \n-00031d60: 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 7320 746f 206e corresponds to n\n-00031d70: 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6d6f 6465 o supported mode\n-00031d80: 2c0a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 7265 7475 ,. will retu\n-00031d90: 726e 2065 7272 6f72 2c20 6275 7420 6f74 rn error, but ot\n-00031da0: 6865 7277 6973 6520 6861 7665 206e 6f20 herwise have no \n-00031db0: 6566 6665 6374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4279 effect... By\n-00031dc0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2047 5255 4220 7769 default GRUB wi\n-00031dd0: 6c6c 2073 7461 7274 2069 6e20 7768 6174 ll start in what\n-00031de0: 6576 6572 206d 6f64 6520 7468 6520 4546 ever mode the EF\n-00031df0: 4920 6669 726d 7761 7265 0a20 2020 2020 I firmware. \n-00031e00: 6465 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f2e 2020 5468 defaults to. Th\n-00031e10: 6572 6520 6172 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 ere are firmware\n-00031e20: 7320 6b6e 6f77 6e20 746f 2073 6574 2075 s known to set u\n-00031e30: 7020 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6d6f p the default mo\n-00031e40: 6465 0a20 2020 2020 7375 6368 2074 6861 de. such tha\n-00031e50: 7420 6f75 7470 7574 2062 6568 6176 6573 t output behaves\n-00031e60: 2073 7472 616e 6765 6c79 2c20 666f 7220 strangely, for \n-00031e70: 6578 616d 706c 6520 7468 6520 6375 7273 example the curs\n-00031e80: 6f72 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2047 or in the. G\n-00031e90: 5255 4220 7368 656c 6c20 6e65 7665 7220 RUB shell never \n-00031ea0: 7265 6163 6865 7320 7468 6520 626f 7474 reaches the bott\n-00031eb0: 6f6d 206f 6620 7468 6520 7363 7265 656e om of the screen\n-00031ec0: 206f 722c 2077 6865 6e20 7479 7069 6e67 or, when typing\n-00031ed0: 0a20 2020 2020 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 . characters\n-00031ee0: 2061 7420 7468 6520 7072 6f6d 7074 2c20 at the prompt, \n-00031ef0: 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 2066 726f 6d20 characters from \n-00031f00: 7072 6576 696f 7573 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 previous command\n-00031f10: 206f 7574 7075 740a 2020 2020 2061 7265 output. are\n-00031f20: 206f 7665 7277 7269 7474 656e 2e20 2053 overwritten. S\n-00031f30: 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6865 206d 6f64 6520 etting the mode \n-00031f40: 6d61 7920 6669 7820 7468 6973 2e0a 0a20 may fix this... \n-00031f50: 2020 2020 5468 6520 4546 4920 7370 6563 The EFI spec\n-00031f60: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 7361 7973 2074 ification says t\n-00031f70: 6861 7420 6d6f 6465 2030 206d 7573 7420 hat mode 0 must \n-00031f80: 6265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2061 6e64 be available and\n-00031f90: 2068 6176 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6c 756d have. colum\n-00031fa0: 6e73 2061 6e64 2072 6f77 7320 6f66 2038 ns and rows of 8\n-00031fb0: 3020 616e 6420 3235 2072 6573 7065 6374 0 and 25 respect\n-00031fc0: 6976 656c 792e 2020 4d6f 6465 2031 206d ively. Mode 1 m\n-00031fd0: 6179 2062 6520 6465 6669 6e65 640a 2020 ay be defined. \n-00031fe0: 2020 2061 6e64 2069 6620 736f 206d 7573 and if so mus\n-00031ff0: 7420 6861 7665 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 2061 t have columns a\n-00032000: 6e64 2072 6f77 7320 6f66 2038 3020 616e nd rows of 80 an\n-00032010: 6420 3530 2072 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c d 50 respectivel\n-00032020: 792e 0a20 2020 2020 416e 7920 6f74 6865 y.. Any othe\n-00032030: 7220 6d6f 6465 7320 6d61 7920 6861 7665 r modes may have\n-00032040: 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 2061 6e64 2072 6f77 columns and row\n-00032050: 7320 6172 6269 7472 6172 696c 7920 6465 s arbitrarily de\n-00032060: 6669 6e65 6420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 7468 fined by. th\n-00032070: 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e20 2054 6869 e firmware. Thi\n-00032080: 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 2061 206d s means that a m\n-00032090: 6f64 6520 7769 7468 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 ode with columns\n-000320a0: 2061 6e64 2072 6f77 7320 6f66 2031 3030 and rows of 100\n-000320b0: 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 3331 206f 6e20 . and 31 on \n-000320c0: 6f6e 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 206d 6179 one firmware may\n-000320d0: 2062 6520 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 be a different \n-000320e0: 6d6f 6465 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f6e 2061 mode number on a\n-000320f0: 0a20 2020 2020 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 . different \n-00032100: 6669 726d 7761 7265 206f 7220 6e6f 7420 firmware or not \n-00032110: 6578 6973 7420 6174 2061 6c6c 2e20 204c exist at all. L\n-00032120: 696b 6577 6973 652c 206d 6f64 6520 6e75 ikewise, mode nu\n-00032130: 6d62 6572 2032 206f 6e0a 2020 2020 206f mber 2 on. o\n-00032140: 6e65 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 6d61 7920 ne firmware may \n-00032150: 6861 7665 2061 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 have a different\n-00032160: 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2063 6f6c 756d number of colum\n-00032170: 6e73 2061 6e64 2072 6f77 7320 7468 616e ns and rows than\n-00032180: 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f 6465 2032 206f 6e20 . mode 2 on \n-00032190: 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6669 726d a different firm\n-000321a0: 7761 7265 2e20 2053 6f20 6f6e 6520 7368 ware. So one sh\n-000321b0: 6f75 6c64 206e 6f74 2072 656c 7920 6f6e ould not rely on\n-000321c0: 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 6963 756c a. particul\n-000321d0: 6172 206d 6f64 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f ar mode number o\n-000321e0: 7220 6120 6d6f 6465 206f 6620 6120 6365 r a mode of a ce\n-000321f0: 7274 6169 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 rtain number of \n-00032200: 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 640a 2020 2020 columns and. \n-00032210: 2072 6f77 7320 6578 6973 7469 6e67 206f rows existing o\n-00032220: 6e20 616c 6c20 6669 726d 7761 7265 732c n all firmwares,\n-00032230: 2065 7863 6570 7420 666f 7220 6d6f 6465 except for mode\n-00032240: 2030 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 0... Note: \n-00032250: 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 This command is \n-00032260: 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f only available o\n-00032270: 6e20 4546 4920 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 n EFI platforms \n-00032280: 616e 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7369 6d69 and is. simi\n-00032290: 6c61 7220 746f 2045 4649 2073 6865 6c6c lar to EFI shell\n-000322a0: 2022 6d6f 6465 2220 636f 6d6d 616e 642e \"mode\" command.\n-000322b0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-000322c0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6576 616c nfo, Node: eval\n-000322d0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2065 7870 6f72 742c , Next: export,\n-000322e0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6566 6974 6578 746d Prev: efitextm\n-000322f0: 6f64 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e ode, Up: Comman\n-00032300: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-00032310: 0a31 372e 342e 3236 2065 7661 6c0a 2d2d .17.4.26 eval.--\n-00032320: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-00032330: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2065 7661 6c20 7374 Command: eval st\n-00032340: 7269 6e67 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 436f ring .... Co\n-00032350: 6e63 6174 656e 6174 6520 6172 6775 6d65 ncatenate argume\n-00032360: 6e74 7320 746f 6765 7468 6572 2075 7369 nts together usi\n-00032370: 6e67 2073 696e 676c 6520 7370 6163 6520 ng single space \n-00032380: 6173 2073 6570 6172 6174 6f72 2061 6e64 as separator and\n-00032390: 0a20 2020 2020 6576 616c 7561 7465 2072 . evaluate r\n-000323a0: 6573 756c 7420 6173 2073 6571 7565 6e63 esult as sequenc\n-000323b0: 6520 6f66 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d6d 616e e of GRUB comman\n-000323c0: 6473 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ds.....File: gru\n-000323d0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2065 b.info, Node: e\n-000323e0: 7870 6f72 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6661 xport, Next: fa\n-000323f0: 6c73 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6576 616c lse, Prev: eval\n-00032400: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-00032410: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-00032420: 2e34 2e32 3720 6578 706f 7274 0a2d 2d2d .4.27 export.---\n-00032430: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-00032440: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6578 706f 7274 Command: export\n-00032450: 2065 6e76 7661 720a 2020 2020 2045 7870 envvar. Exp\n-00032460: 6f72 7420 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d ort the environm\n-00032470: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2045 4e56 ent variable ENV\n-00032480: 5641 522e 2020 4578 706f 7274 6564 2076 VAR. Exported v\n-00032490: 6172 6961 626c 6573 2061 7265 0a20 2020 ariables are. \n-000324a0: 2020 7669 7369 626c 6520 746f 2073 7562 visible to sub\n-000324b0: 7369 6469 6172 7920 636f 6e66 6967 7572 sidiary configur\n-000324c0: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 6c6f 6164 ation files load\n-000324d0: 6564 2075 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 e280 ed using. ..\n-000324e0: 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 2e0a .configfile.....\n-000324f0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00032500: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2066 616c 7365 fo, Node: false\n-00032510: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2066 7773 6574 7570 , Next: fwsetup\n-00032520: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2065 7870 6f72 742c , Prev: export,\n-00032530: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-00032540: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-00032550: 342e 3238 2066 616c 7365 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 4.28 false.-----\n-00032560: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-00032570: 6d6d 616e 643a 2066 616c 7365 0a20 2020 mmand: false. \n-00032580: 2020 446f 206e 6f74 6869 6e67 2c20 756e Do nothing, un\n-00032590: 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2e20 2054 successfully. T\n-000325a0: 6869 7320 6973 206d 6169 6e6c 7920 7573 his is mainly us\n-000325b0: 6566 756c 2069 6e20 636f 6e74 726f 6c0a eful in control.\n-000325c0: 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7374 7275 6374 7320 constructs \n-000325d0: 7375 6368 2061 7320 e280 9869 66e2 8099 such as ...if...\n-000325e0: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 7768 696c 65e2 8099 and ...while...\n-000325f0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 (*note Shell-li\n-00032600: 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 3a3a 292e ke scripting::).\n-00032610: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00032620: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6677 7365 nfo, Node: fwse\n-00032630: 7475 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6764 6269 tup, Next: gdbi\n-00032640: 6e66 6f2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6661 6c73 nfo, Prev: fals\n-00032650: 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d e, Up: Command-\n-00032660: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n-00032670: 372e 342e 3239 2066 7773 6574 7570 0a2d 7.4.29 fwsetup.-\n-00032680: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00032690: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2066 7773 -- Command: fws\n-000326a0: 6574 7570 205b 2d2d 6973 2d73 7570 706f etup [--is-suppo\n-000326b0: 7274 6564 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6562 6f6f rted]. Reboo\n-000326c0: 7420 696e 746f 2074 6865 2066 6972 6d77 t into the firmw\n-000326d0: 6172 6520 7365 7475 7020 6d65 6e75 2e20 are setup menu. \n-000326e0: 2049 6620 e280 982d 2d69 732d 7375 7070 If ...--is-supp\n-000326f0: 6f72 7465 64e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 orted... option \n-00032700: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 6965 is. specifie\n-00032710: 642c 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2063 6865 636b d, instead check\n-00032720: 2077 6865 7468 6572 2074 6865 2066 6972 whether the fir\n-00032730: 6d77 6172 6520 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2061 mware supports a\n-00032740: 2073 6574 7570 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 setup menu. \n-00032750: 2061 6e64 2065 7869 7420 7375 6363 6573 and exit succes\n-00032760: 7366 756c 6c79 2069 6620 736f 2e0a 0a1f sfully if so....\n-00032770: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00032780: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 6462 696e 666f , Node: gdbinfo\n-00032790: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 6574 7465 7874 , Next: gettext\n-000327a0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2066 7773 6574 7570 , Prev: fwsetup\n-000327b0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-000327c0: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-000327d0: 2e34 2e33 3020 6764 6269 6e66 6f0a 2d2d .4.30 gdbinfo.--\n-000327e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-000327f0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6764 6269 -- Command: gdbi\n-00032800: 6e66 6f0a 2020 2020 204f 7574 7075 7420 nfo. Output \n-00032810: 7465 7874 2074 6f20 6265 2075 7365 6420 text to be used \n-00032820: 6173 2061 2047 4442 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 as a GDB command\n-00032830: 2066 6f72 2061 2047 4442 2073 6573 7369 for a GDB sessi\n-00032840: 6f6e 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 on using the. \n-00032850: 2020 6764 625f 6772 7562 2073 6372 6970 gdb_grub scrip\n-00032860: 7420 616e 6420 6174 7461 6368 6564 2074 t and attached t\n-00032870: 6f20 6120 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 4752 5542 o a running GRUB\n-00032880: 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 652e 2020 5468 6520 instance. The \n-00032890: 4744 420a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 GDB. command\n-000328a0: 2074 6861 7420 6973 206f 7574 7075 7420 that is output \n-000328b0: 7769 6c6c 2074 656c 6c20 4744 4220 686f will tell GDB ho\n-000328c0: 7720 746f 206c 6f61 6420 6465 6275 6767 w to load debugg\n-000328d0: 696e 6720 7379 6d62 6f6c 730a 2020 2020 ing symbols. \n-000328e0: 2074 6f20 7468 6569 7220 7072 6f70 6572 to their proper\n-000328f0: 2072 756e 7469 6d65 2061 6464 7265 7373 runtime address\n-00032900: 2e20 2043 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2074 6869 . Currently thi\n-00032910: 7320 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 s is only availa\n-00032920: 626c 650a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 2045 4649 ble. for EFI\n-00032930: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2e20 2053 6565 platforms. See\n-00032940: 2074 6865 2044 6562 7567 6769 6e67 2069 the Debugging i\n-00032950: 6e20 7468 6520 6465 7665 6c6f 7065 720a n the developer.\n-00032960: 2020 2020 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 documentati\n-00032970: 6f6e 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f on for more info\n-00032980: 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 rmation.....File\n-00032990: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-000329a0: 6465 3a20 6765 7474 6578 742c 2020 4e65 de: gettext, Ne\n-000329b0: 7874 3a20 6770 7473 796e 632c 2020 5072 xt: gptsync, Pr\n-000329c0: 6576 3a20 6764 6269 6e66 6f2c 2020 5570 ev: gdbinfo, Up\n-000329d0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-000329e0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3331 ommands..17.4.31\n-000329f0: 2067 6574 7465 7874 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d gettext.-------\n-00032a00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-00032a10: 6d6d 616e 643a 2067 6574 7465 7874 2073 mmand: gettext s\n-00032a20: 7472 696e 670a 2020 2020 2054 7261 6e73 tring. Trans\n-00032a30: 6c61 7465 2053 5452 494e 4720 696e 746f late STRING into\n-00032a40: 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 206c 616e the current lan\n-00032a50: 6775 6167 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 guage... The\n-00032a60: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 206c 616e 6775 6167 current languag\n-00032a70: 6520 636f 6465 2069 7320 7374 6f72 6564 e code is stored\n-00032a80: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 e280 986c 616e 67e2 in the ...lang.\n-00032a90: 8099 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 696e 0a20 .. variable in. \n-00032aa0: 2020 2020 4752 5542 2773 2065 6e76 6972 GRUB's envir\n-00032ab0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c61 onment (*note la\n-00032ac0: 6e67 3a3a 292e 2020 5472 616e 736c 6174 ng::). Translat\n-00032ad0: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 696e 204d 4f20 ion files in MO \n-00032ae0: 666f 726d 6174 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6520 format. are \n-00032af0: 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 e280 986c 6f63 read from ...loc\n-00032b00: 616c 655f 6469 72e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 ale_dir... (*not\n-00032b10: 6520 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 3a3a 292c e locale_dir::),\n-00032b20: 2075 7375 616c 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 e280 usually. ..\n-00032b30: 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6c6f 6361 ./boot/grub/loca\n-00032b40: 6c65 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 le........File: \n-00032b50: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00032b60: 3a20 6770 7473 796e 632c 2020 4e65 7874 : gptsync, Next\n-00032b70: 3a20 6861 6c74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2067 : halt, Prev: g\n-00032b80: 6574 7465 7874 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d ettext, Up: Com\n-00032b90: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-00032ba0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3220 6770 7473 ds..17.4.32 gpts\n-00032bb0: 796e 630a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ync.------------\n-00032bc0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-00032bd0: 3a20 6770 7473 796e 6320 6465 7669 6365 : gptsync device\n-00032be0: 205b 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e5b 2b2f 2d5b [partition[+/-[\n-00032bf0: 7479 7065 5d5d 5d20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 type]]] .... \n-00032c00: 2044 6973 6b73 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 Disks using the\n-00032c10: 2047 5549 4420 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 GUID Partition \n-00032c20: 5461 626c 6520 2847 5054 2920 616c 736f Table (GPT) also\n-00032c30: 2068 6176 6520 6120 6c65 6761 6379 0a20 have a legacy. \n-00032c40: 2020 2020 4d61 7374 6572 2042 6f6f 7420 Master Boot \n-00032c50: 5265 636f 7264 2028 4d42 5229 2070 6172 Record (MBR) par\n-00032c60: 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 tition table for\n-00032c70: 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 2077 compatibility w\n-00032c80: 6974 6820 7468 650a 2020 2020 2042 494f ith the. BIO\n-00032c90: 5320 616e 6420 7769 7468 206f 6c64 6572 S and with older\n-00032ca0: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n-00032cb0: 6d73 2e20 2054 6865 206c 6567 6163 7920 ms. The legacy \n-00032cc0: 4d42 5220 6361 6e20 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 MBR can only. \n-00032cd0: 2020 7265 7072 6573 656e 7420 6120 6c69 represent a li\n-00032ce0: 6d69 7465 6420 7375 6273 6574 206f 6620 mited subset of \n-00032cf0: 4750 5420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 656e GPT partition en\n-00032d00: 7472 6965 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 tries... Thi\n-00032d10: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 706f 7075 6c61 s command popula\n-00032d20: 7465 7320 7468 6520 6c65 6761 6379 204d tes the legacy M\n-00032d30: 4252 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 7370 6563 BR with the spec\n-00032d40: 6966 6965 6420 5041 5254 4954 494f 4e0a ified PARTITION.\n-00032d50: 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7269 6573 206f 6e20 entries on \n-00032d60: 4445 5649 4345 2e20 2055 7020 746f 2074 DEVICE. Up to t\n-00032d70: 6872 6565 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 hree partitions \n-00032d80: 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 642e 0a0a 2020 may be used... \n-00032d90: 2020 2054 5950 4520 6973 2061 6e20 4d42 TYPE is an MB\n-00032da0: 5220 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7479 7065 R partition type\n-00032db0: 2063 6f64 653b 2070 7265 6669 7820 7769 code; prefix wi\n-00032dc0: 7468 20e2 8098 3078 e280 9920 6966 2079 th ...0x... if y\n-00032dd0: 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 ou want to. \n-00032de0: 656e 7465 7220 7468 6973 2069 6e20 6865 enter this in he\n-00032df0: 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c2e 2020 5468 6520 xadecimal. The \n-00032e00: 7365 7061 7261 746f 7220 6265 7477 6565 separator betwee\n-00032e10: 6e20 5041 5254 4954 494f 4e20 616e 640a n PARTITION and.\n-00032e20: 2020 2020 2054 5950 4520 6d61 7920 6265 TYPE may be\n-00032e30: 20e2 8098 2be2 8099 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 ...+... to make\n-00032e40: 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2061 the partition a\n-00032e50: 6374 6976 652c 206f 7220 e280 982d e280 ctive, or ...-..\n-00032e60: 9920 746f 206d 616b 6520 6974 0a20 2020 . to make it. \n-00032e70: 2020 696e 6163 7469 7665 3b20 6f6e 6c79 inactive; only\n-00032e80: 206f 6e65 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206d one partition m\n-00032e90: 6179 2062 6520 6163 7469 7665 2e20 2049 ay be active. I\n-00032ea0: 6620 626f 7468 2074 6865 2073 6570 6172 f both the separ\n-00032eb0: 6174 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 7479 ator. and ty\n-00032ec0: 7065 2061 7265 206f 6d69 7474 6564 2c20 pe are omitted, \n-00032ed0: 7468 656e 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 then the partiti\n-00032ee0: 6f6e 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2069 6e61 6374 on will be inact\n-00032ef0: 6976 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ive.....File: gr\n-00032f00: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00032f10: 6861 6c74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2068 6173 halt, Next: has\n-00032f20: 6873 756d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2067 7074 hsum, Prev: gpt\n-00032f30: 7379 6e63 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 sync, Up: Comma\n-00032f40: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-00032f50: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3320 6861 6c74 0a2d ..17.4.33 halt.-\n-00032f60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-00032f70: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6861 6c74 205b Command: halt [\n-00032f80: 2d2d 6e6f 2d61 706d 5d0a 2020 2020 2054 --no-apm]. T\n-00032f90: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2068 616c 7473 he command halts\n-00032fa0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 722e 2020 the computer. \n-00032fb0: 4f6e 2074 6865 2069 3338 362d 7063 2074 On the i386-pc t\n-00032fc0: 6172 6765 742c 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 arget, the. \n-00032fd0: e280 982d 2d6e 6f2d 6170 6de2 8099 206f ...--no-apm... o\n-00032fe0: 7074 696f 6e2c 206f 7220 7368 6f72 7420 ption, or short \n-00032ff0: e280 982d 6ee2 8099 2c20 6973 2073 7065 ...-n..., is spe\n-00033000: 6369 6669 6564 2c20 6e6f 2041 504d 2042 cified, no APM B\n-00033010: 494f 5320 6361 6c6c 2069 730a 2020 2020 IOS call is. \n-00033020: 2070 6572 666f 726d 6564 2e20 204f 7468 performed. Oth\n-00033030: 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7468 6520 636f 6d70 erwise, the comp\n-00033040: 7574 6572 2069 7320 7368 7574 2064 6f77 uter is shut dow\n-00033050: 6e20 7573 696e 6720 4150 4d20 6f6e 2074 n using APM on t\n-00033060: 6861 740a 2020 2020 2074 6172 6765 742e hat. target.\n-00033070: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00033080: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6861 7368 nfo, Node: hash\n-00033090: 7375 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6865 6c70 sum, Next: help\n-000330a0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2068 616c 742c 2020 , Prev: halt, \n-000330b0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-000330c0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-000330d0: 3334 2068 6173 6873 756d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 34 hashsum.-----\n-000330e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-000330f0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2068 6173 6873 756d Command: hashsum\n-00033100: 202d 2d68 6173 6820 6861 7368 202d 2d6b --hash hash --k\n-00033110: 6565 702d 676f 696e 6720 2d2d 756e 636f eep-going --unco\n-00033120: 6d70 7265 7373 202d 2d63 6865 636b 2066 mpress --check f\n-00033130: 696c 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d ile. [-\n-00033140: 2d70 7265 6669 7820 6469 725d 7c66 696c -prefix dir]|fil\n-00033150: 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2043 6f6d 7075 e .... Compu\n-00033160: 7465 206f 7220 7665 7269 6679 2066 696c te or verify fil\n-00033170: 6520 6861 7368 6573 2e20 2048 6173 6820 e hashes. Hash \n-00033180: 7479 7065 2069 7320 7365 6c65 6374 6564 type is selected\n-00033190: 2077 6974 6820 6f70 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 with option. \n-000331a0: 2020 e280 982d 2d68 6173 68e2 8099 2e20 ...--hash.... \n-000331b0: 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 2068 6173 6865 Supported hashe\n-000331c0: 7320 6172 653a 20e2 8098 6164 6c65 7233 s are: ...adler3\n-000331d0: 32e2 8099 2c20 e280 9863 7263 3634 e280 2..., ...crc64..\n-000331e0: 992c 20e2 8098 6372 6333 32e2 8099 2c0a ., ...crc32...,.\n-000331f0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6372 6333 3272 6663 ...crc32rfc\n-00033200: 3135 3130 e280 992c 20e2 8098 6372 6332 1510..., ...crc2\n-00033210: 3472 6663 3234 3430 e280 992c 20e2 8098 4rfc2440..., ...\n-00033220: 6d64 34e2 8099 2c20 e280 986d 6435 e280 md4..., ...md5..\n-00033230: 992c 20e2 8098 7269 7065 6d64 3136 30e2 ., ...ripemd160.\n-00033240: 8099 2c20 e280 9873 6861 31e2 8099 2c0a .., ...sha1...,.\n-00033250: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7368 6132 3234 e280 ...sha224..\n-00033260: 992c 20e2 8098 7368 6132 3536 e280 992c ., ...sha256...,\n-00033270: 20e2 8098 7368 6135 3132 e280 992c 20e2 ...sha512..., .\n-00033280: 8098 7368 6133 3834 e280 992c 20e2 8098 ..sha384..., ...\n-00033290: 7469 6765 7231 3932 e280 992c 20e2 8098 tiger192..., ...\n-000332a0: 7469 6765 72e2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 tiger...,. .\n-000332b0: 8098 7469 6765 7232 e280 992c 20e2 8098 ..tiger2..., ...\n-000332c0: 7768 6972 6c70 6f6f 6ce2 8099 2e20 204f whirlpool.... O\n-000332d0: 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d75 6e63 6f6d ption ...--uncom\n-000332e0: 7072 6573 73e2 8099 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 press... uncompr\n-000332f0: 6573 7365 7320 6669 6c65 730a 2020 2020 esses files. \n-00033300: 2062 6566 6f72 6520 636f 6d70 7574 696e before computin\n-00033310: 6720 6861 7368 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5768 g hash... Wh\n-00033320: 656e 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2066 696c 6573 en list of files\n-00033330: 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2068 6173 6820 is given, hash \n-00033340: 6f66 2065 6163 6820 6669 6c65 2069 7320 of each file is \n-00033350: 636f 6d70 7574 6564 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 computed and. \n-00033360: 2020 7072 696e 7465 642c 2066 6f6c 6c6f printed, follo\n-00033370: 7765 6420 6279 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 wed by file name\n-00033380: 2c20 6561 6368 2066 696c 6520 6f6e 2061 , each file on a\n-00033390: 206e 6577 206c 696e 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 new line... \n-000333a0: 2057 6865 6e20 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 When option ...\n-000333b0: 2d2d 6368 6563 6be2 8099 2069 7320 6769 --check... is gi\n-000333c0: 7665 6e2c 2069 7420 706f 696e 7473 2074 ven, it points t\n-000333d0: 6f20 6120 6669 6c65 2074 6861 7420 636f o a file that co\n-000333e0: 6e74 6169 6e73 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 7374 ntains. list\n-000333f0: 206f 6620 4841 5348 204e 414d 4520 7061 of HASH NAME pa\n-00033400: 6972 7320 696e 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 irs in the same \n-00033410: 666f 726d 6174 2061 7320 7573 6564 2062 format as used b\n-00033420: 7920 554e 4958 20e2 8098 6d64 3573 756d y UNIX ...md5sum\n-00033430: e280 990a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 .... command\n-00033440: 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d70 . Option ...--p\n-00033450: 7265 6669 78e2 8099 206d 6179 2062 6520 refix... may be \n-00033460: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6769 7665 2064 6972 used to give dir\n-00033470: 6563 746f 7279 2077 6865 7265 0a20 2020 ectory where. \n-00033480: 2020 6669 6c65 7320 6172 6520 6c6f 6361 files are loca\n-00033490: 7465 642e 2020 4861 7368 2076 6572 6966 ted. Hash verif\n-000334a0: 6963 6174 696f 6e20 7374 6f70 7320 6166 ication stops af\n-000334b0: 7465 7220 7468 6520 6669 7273 740a 2020 ter the first. \n-000334c0: 2020 206d 6973 6d61 7463 6820 7761 7320 mismatch was \n-000334d0: 666f 756e 6420 756e 6c65 7373 206f 7074 found unless opt\n-000334e0: 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d6b 6565 702d 676f ion ...--keep-go\n-000334f0: 696e 67e2 8099 2077 6173 2067 6976 656e ing... was given\n-00033500: 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6578 6974 . The. exit\n-00033510: 2063 6f64 6520 e280 9824 3fe2 8099 2069 code ...$?... i\n-00033520: 7320 7365 7420 746f 2030 2069 6620 6861 s set to 0 if ha\n-00033530: 7368 2076 6572 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 sh verification \n-00033540: 6973 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c2e 2020 is successful. \n-00033550: 4966 0a20 2020 2020 6974 2066 6169 6c73 If. it fails\n-00033560: 2c20 e280 9824 3fe2 8099 2069 7320 7365 , ...$?... is se\n-00033570: 7420 746f 2061 206e 6f6e 7a65 726f 2076 t to a nonzero v\n-00033580: 616c 7565 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 alue.....File: g\n-00033590: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-000335a0: 2068 656c 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6865 help, Next: he\n-000335b0: 7864 756d 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6861 xdump, Prev: ha\n-000335c0: 7368 7375 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d shsum, Up: Comm\n-000335d0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n-000335e0: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3335 2068 656c 700a s..17.4.35 help.\n-000335f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-00033600: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2068 656c 7020 - Command: help \n-00033610: 5b70 6174 7465 726e 202e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 [pattern ...]. \n-00033620: 2020 2044 6973 706c 6179 2068 656c 7066 Display helpf\n-00033630: 756c 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 ul information a\n-00033640: 626f 7574 2062 7569 6c74 696e 2063 6f6d bout builtin com\n-00033650: 6d61 6e64 732e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2064 mands. If you d\n-00033660: 6f20 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 o not. speci\n-00033670: 6679 2050 4154 5445 524e 2c20 7468 6973 fy PATTERN, this\n-00033680: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2073 686f 7773 2073 command shows s\n-00033690: 686f 7274 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e hort description\n-000336a0: 7320 6f66 2061 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 6176 s of all. av\n-000336b0: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 ailable commands\n-000336c0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2073 ... If you s\n-000336d0: 7065 6369 6679 2061 6e79 2050 4154 5445 pecify any PATTE\n-000336e0: 524e 532c 2069 7420 6469 7370 6c61 7973 RNS, it displays\n-000336f0: 206c 6f6e 6765 7220 696e 666f 726d 6174 longer informat\n-00033700: 696f 6e20 6162 6f75 740a 2020 2020 2065 ion about. e\n-00033710: 6163 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 ach of the comma\n-00033720: 6e64 7320 7768 6f73 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 nds whose names \n-00033730: 6265 6769 6e20 7769 7468 2074 686f 7365 begin with those\n-00033740: 2050 4154 5445 524e 532e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 PATTERNS.....Fi\n-00033750: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00033760: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6865 7864 756d 702c 2020 Node: hexdump, \n-00033770: 4e65 7874 3a20 696e 736d 6f64 2c20 2050 Next: insmod, P\n-00033780: 7265 763a 2068 656c 702c 2020 5570 3a20 rev: help, Up: \n-00033790: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-000337a0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3336 2068 mands..17.4.36 h\n-000337b0: 6578 6475 6d70 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d exdump.---------\n-000337c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-000337d0: 616e 643a 2068 6578 6475 6d70 205b 2d2d and: hexdump [--\n-000337e0: 736b 6970 206f 6666 7365 745d 205b 2d2d skip offset] [--\n-000337f0: 6c65 6e67 7468 206c 656e 5d20 4649 4c45 length len] FILE\n-00033800: 5f4f 525f 4445 5649 4345 0a20 2020 2020 _OR_DEVICE. \n-00033810: 5368 6f77 2072 6177 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 Show raw content\n-00033820: 7320 6f66 2061 2066 696c 6520 6f72 206d s of a file or m\n-00033830: 656d 6f72 792e 2020 5768 656e 206f 7074 emory. When opt\n-00033840: 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d73 6b69 70e2 8099 ion ...--skip...\n-00033850: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2067 6976 656e 2c20 is. given, \n-00033860: e280 986f 6666 7365 74e2 8099 206e 756d ...offset... num\n-00033870: 6265 7220 6f66 2062 7974 6573 2061 7265 ber of bytes are\n-00033880: 2073 6b69 7070 6564 2066 726f 6d20 7468 skipped from th\n-00033890: 6520 7374 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 e start of the. \n-000338a0: 2020 2020 6465 7669 6365 206f 7220 6669 device or fi\n-000338b0: 6c65 2067 6976 656e 2e20 2041 6e64 20e2 le given. And .\n-000338c0: 8098 2d2d 6c65 6e67 7468 e280 9920 616c ..--length... al\n-000338d0: 6c6f 7773 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 lows specifying \n-000338e0: 6120 6d61 7869 6d75 6d0a 2020 2020 206e a maximum. n\n-000338f0: 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2062 7974 6573 2074 umber of bytes t\n-00033900: 6f20 6265 2073 686f 776e 2e0a 0a20 2020 o be shown... \n-00033910: 2020 4966 2067 6976 656e 2074 6865 2073 If given the s\n-00033920: 7065 6369 616c 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 pecial device na\n-00033930: 6d65 6420 e280 9828 6d65 6d29 e280 992c med ...(mem)...,\n-00033940: 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 e280 986f 6666 then the ...off\n-00033950: 7365 74e2 8099 2067 6976 656e 0a20 2020 set... given. \n-00033960: 2020 746f 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 e280 to ...--skip..\n-00033970: 9920 6973 2074 7265 6174 6564 2061 7320 . is treated as \n-00033980: 7468 6520 6164 6472 6573 7320 6f66 2061 the address of a\n-00033990: 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e memory location\n-000339a0: 2074 6f20 6475 6d70 0a20 2020 2020 6672 to dump. fr\n-000339b0: 6f6d 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 om.....File: gru\n-000339c0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2069 b.info, Node: i\n-000339d0: 6e73 6d6f 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6b65 nsmod, Next: ke\n-000339e0: 7973 7461 7475 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ystatus, Prev: \n-000339f0: 6865 7864 756d 702c 2020 5570 3a20 436f hexdump, Up: Co\n-00033a00: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-00033a10: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3337 2069 6e73 nds..17.4.37 ins\n-00033a20: 6d6f 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d mod.------------\n-00033a30: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-00033a40: 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a20 insmod module. \n-00033a50: 2020 2020 496e 7365 7274 2074 6865 2064 Insert the d\n-00033a60: 796e 616d 6963 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 ynamic GRUB modu\n-00033a70: 6c65 2063 616c 6c65 6420 4d4f 4455 4c45 le called MODULE\n-00033a80: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00033a90: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206b 6579 info, Node: key\n-00033aa0: 7374 6174 7573 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c status, Next: l\n-00033ab0: 6973 745f 656e 762c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ist_env, Prev: \n-00033ac0: 696e 736d 6f64 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d insmod, Up: Com\n-00033ad0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-00033ae0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3820 6b65 7973 ds..17.4.38 keys\n-00033af0: 7461 7475 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d tatus.----------\n-00033b00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-00033b10: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6b65 7973 7461 7475 7320 mand: keystatus \n-00033b20: 5b2d 2d73 6869 6674 5d20 5b2d 2d63 7472 [--shift] [--ctr\n-00033b30: 6c5d 205b 2d2d 616c 745d 0a20 2020 2020 l] [--alt]. \n-00033b40: 5265 7475 726e 2074 7275 6520 6966 2074 Return true if t\n-00033b50: 6865 2053 6869 6674 2c20 436f 6e74 726f he Shift, Contro\n-00033b60: 6c2c 206f 7220 416c 7420 6d6f 6469 6669 l, or Alt modifi\n-00033b70: 6572 206b 6579 7320 6172 6520 6865 6c64 er keys are held\n-00033b80: 0a20 2020 2020 646f 776e 2c20 6173 2072 . down, as r\n-00033b90: 6571 7565 7374 6564 2062 7920 6f70 7469 equested by opti\n-00033ba0: 6f6e 732e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 7573 ons. This is us\n-00033bb0: 6566 756c 2069 6e20 7363 7269 7074 696e eful in scriptin\n-00033bc0: 672c 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2061 6c6c 6f77 g, to. allow\n-00033bd0: 2073 6f6d 6520 7573 6572 2063 6f6e 7472 some user contr\n-00033be0: 6f6c 206f 7665 7220 6265 6861 7669 6f75 ol over behaviou\n-00033bf0: 7220 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6861 7669 6e67 r without having\n-00033c00: 2074 6f20 7761 6974 2066 6f72 2061 0a20 to wait for a. \n-00033c10: 2020 2020 6b65 7970 7265 7373 2e0a 0a20 keypress... \n-00033c20: 2020 2020 4368 6563 6b69 6e67 206b 6579 Checking key\n-00033c30: 206d 6f64 6966 6965 7220 7374 6174 7573 modifier status\n-00033c40: 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2073 7570 706f 7274 is only support\n-00033c50: 6564 206f 6e20 736f 6d65 2070 6c61 7466 ed on some platf\n-00033c60: 6f72 6d73 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 696e orms.. If in\n-00033c70: 766f 6b65 6420 7769 7468 6f75 7420 616e voked without an\n-00033c80: 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e 732c 2074 6865 20e2 y options, the .\n-00033c90: 8098 6b65 7973 7461 7475 73e2 8099 2063 ..keystatus... c\n-00033ca0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2072 6574 7572 6e73 0a20 ommand returns. \n-00033cb0: 2020 2020 7472 7565 2069 6620 616e 6420 true if and \n-00033cc0: 6f6e 6c79 2069 6620 6368 6563 6b69 6e67 only if checking\n-00033cd0: 206b 6579 206d 6f64 6966 6965 7220 7374 key modifier st\n-00033ce0: 6174 7573 2069 7320 7375 7070 6f72 7465 atus is supporte\n-00033cf0: 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 d.....File: grub\n-00033d00: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 .info, Node: li\n-00033d10: 7374 5f65 6e76 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c st_env, Next: l\n-00033d20: 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 642c 2020 5072 ist_trusted, Pr\n-00033d30: 6576 3a20 6b65 7973 7461 7475 732c 2020 ev: keystatus, \n-00033d40: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-00033d50: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-00033d60: 3339 206c 6973 745f 656e 760a 2d2d 2d2d 39 list_env.----\n-00033d70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-00033d80: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 6973 745f - Command: list_\n-00033d90: 656e 7620 5b2d 2d66 696c 6520 6669 6c65 env [--file file\n-00033da0: 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 616c 6c20 ]. List all \n-00033db0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 696e 2074 6865 variables in the\n-00033dc0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f environment blo\n-00033dd0: 636b 2066 696c 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 650a ck file. *Note.\n-00033de0: 2020 2020 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 Environment\n-00033df0: 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 block::... \n-00033e00: 5468 6520 e280 982d 2d66 696c 65e2 8099 The ...--file...\n-00033e10: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6f76 6572 7269 6465 option override\n-00033e20: 7320 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6c6f s the default lo\n-00033e30: 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 cation of the. \n-00033e40: 2020 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 environment b\n-00033e50: 6c6f 636b 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 lock.....File: g\n-00033e60: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00033e70: 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 642c 2020 list_trusted, \n-00033e80: 4e65 7874 3a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 2c20 Next: load_env, \n-00033e90: 2050 7265 763a 206c 6973 745f 656e 762c Prev: list_env,\n-00033ea0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-00033eb0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-00033ec0: 342e 3430 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 4.40 list_truste\n-00033ed0: 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d d.--------------\n-00033ee0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-00033ef0: 616e 643a 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 and: list_truste\n-00033f00: 640a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 616c 6c20 d. List all \n-00033f10: 7075 626c 6963 206b 6579 7320 7472 7573 public keys trus\n-00033f20: 7465 6420 6279 2047 5255 4220 666f 7220 ted by GRUB for \n-00033f30: 7661 6c69 6461 7469 6e67 2073 6967 6e61 validating signa\n-00033f40: 7475 7265 732e 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 tures.. The \n-00033f50: 6f75 7470 7574 2069 7320 696e 2047 5047 output is in GPG\n-00033f60: 2773 2076 3420 6b65 7920 6669 6e67 6572 's v4 key finger\n-00033f70: 7072 696e 7420 666f 726d 6174 2028 692e print format (i.\n-00033f80: 652e 2c20 7468 6520 6f75 7470 7574 0a20 e., the output. \n-00033f90: 2020 2020 6f66 20e2 8098 6770 6720 2d2d of ...gpg --\n-00033fa0: 6669 6e67 6572 7072 696e 74e2 8099 292e fingerprint...).\n-00033fb0: 2020 5468 6520 6c65 6173 7420 7369 676e The least sign\n-00033fc0: 6966 6963 616e 7420 666f 7572 2062 7974 ificant four byt\n-00033fd0: 6573 2028 6c61 7374 0a20 2020 2020 6569 es (last. ei\n-00033fe0: 6768 7420 6865 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 ght hexadecimal \n-00033ff0: 6469 6769 7473 2920 6361 6e20 6265 2075 digits) can be u\n-00034000: 7365 6420 6173 2061 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 sed as an argume\n-00034010: 6e74 2074 6f20 e280 9864 6973 7472 7573 nt to ...distrus\n-00034020: 74e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 t.... (*note\n-00034030: 2064 6973 7472 7573 743a 3a29 2e20 202a distrust::). *\n-00034040: 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 Note Using digit\n-00034050: 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a2c al signatures::,\n-00034060: 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 650a 2020 2020 2069 for more. i\n-00034070: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 626f 7574 nformation about\n-00034080: 2075 7365 7320 666f 7220 7468 6573 6520 uses for these \n-00034090: 6b65 7973 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 keys.....File: g\n-000340a0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-000340b0: 206c 6f61 645f 656e 762c 2020 4e65 7874 load_env, Next\n-000340c0: 3a20 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 2c20 2050 7265 : loadfont, Pre\n-000340d0: 763a 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 642c v: list_trusted,\n-000340e0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-000340f0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-00034100: 342e 3431 206c 6f61 645f 656e 760a 2d2d 4.41 load_env.--\n-00034110: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00034120: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 6f61 -- Command: loa\n-00034130: 645f 656e 7620 5b2d 2d66 696c 6520 6669 d_env [--file fi\n-00034140: 6c65 5d20 5b2d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 675d le] [--skip-sig]\n-00034150: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 7768 6974 . [whit\n-00034160: 656c 6973 7465 645f 7661 7269 6162 6c65 elisted_variable\n-00034170: 5f6e 616d 655d 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 _name] .... \n-00034180: 4c6f 6164 2061 6c6c 2076 6172 6961 626c Load all variabl\n-00034190: 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 656e 7669 es from the envi\n-000341a0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b20 6669 ronment block fi\n-000341b0: 6c65 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 650a 2020 2020 le into the. \n-000341c0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2e20 202a environment. *\n-000341d0: 4e6f 7465 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 Note Environment\n-000341e0: 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 block::... \n-000341f0: 5468 6520 e280 982d 2d66 696c 65e2 8099 The ...--file...\n-00034200: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6f76 6572 7269 6465 option override\n-00034210: 7320 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6c6f s the default lo\n-00034220: 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 cation of the. \n-00034230: 2020 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 environment b\n-00034240: 6c6f 636b 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 lock... The \n-00034250: e280 982d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 67e2 8099 ...--skip-sig...\n-00034260: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 736b 6970 7320 7369 option skips si\n-00034270: 676e 6174 7572 6520 6368 6563 6b69 6e67 gnature checking\n-00034280: 2065 7665 6e20 7768 656e 2074 6865 0a20 even when the. \n-00034290: 2020 2020 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2065 6e76 value of env\n-000342a0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-000342b0: 6520 e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 e ...check_signa\n-000342c0: 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 tures... is set \n-000342d0: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9865 6e66 6f72 to. ...enfor\n-000342e0: 6365 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2063 6865 ce... (*note che\n-000342f0: 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a29 ck_signatures::)\n-00034300: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 206f 6e65 206f ... If one o\n-00034310: 7220 6d6f 7265 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 r more variable \n-00034320: 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 6520 7072 6f76 6964 names are provid\n-00034330: 6564 2061 7320 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732c ed as arguments,\n-00034340: 2074 6865 7920 6172 650a 2020 2020 2069 they are. i\n-00034350: 6e74 6572 7072 6574 6564 2061 7320 6120 nterpreted as a \n-00034360: 7768 6974 656c 6973 7420 6f66 2076 6172 whitelist of var\n-00034370: 6961 626c 6573 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 2066 iables to load f\n-00034380: 726f 6d20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2065 6e76 rom the. env\n-00034390: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2066 ironment block f\n-000343a0: 696c 652e 2020 5661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 ile. Variables \n-000343b0: 7365 7420 696e 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 set in the file \n-000343c0: 6275 7420 6e6f 7420 7072 6573 656e 740a but not present.\n-000343d0: 2020 2020 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7768 6974 in the whit\n-000343e0: 656c 6973 7420 6172 6520 6967 6e6f 7265 elist are ignore\n-000343f0: 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 d... The ...\n-00034400: 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 e280 9920 6f70 --skip-sig... op\n-00034410: 7469 6f6e 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2075 tion should be u\n-00034420: 7365 6420 7769 7468 2063 6172 652c 2061 sed with care, a\n-00034430: 6e64 2073 686f 756c 6420 616c 7761 7973 nd should always\n-00034440: 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2075 7365 6420 696e . be used in\n-00034450: 2063 6f6e 6365 7274 2077 6974 6820 6120 concert with a \n-00034460: 7768 6974 656c 6973 7420 6f66 2061 6363 whitelist of acc\n-00034470: 6570 7461 626c 6520 7661 7269 6162 6c65 eptable variable\n-00034480: 7320 7768 6f73 650a 2020 2020 2076 616c s whose. val\n-00034490: 7565 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7365 ues should be se\n-000344a0: 742e 2020 4661 696c 7572 6520 746f 2065 t. Failure to e\n-000344b0: 6d70 6c6f 7920 6120 6361 7265 6675 6c6c mploy a carefull\n-000344c0: 7920 636f 6e73 7472 7563 7465 640a 2020 y constructed. \n-000344d0: 2020 2077 6869 7465 6c69 7374 2063 6f75 whitelist cou\n-000344e0: 6c64 2072 6573 756c 7420 696e 2072 6561 ld result in rea\n-000344f0: 6469 6e67 2061 206d 616c 6963 696f 7573 ding a malicious\n-00034500: 2076 616c 7565 2069 6e74 6f20 6372 6974 value into crit\n-00034510: 6963 616c 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f ical. enviro\n-00034520: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 nment variables \n-00034530: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2066 696c 652c 2073 from the file, s\n-00034540: 7563 6820 6173 2073 6574 7469 6e67 0a20 uch as setting. \n-00034550: 2020 2020 e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 ...check_sig\n-00034560: 6e61 7475 7265 733d 6e6f e280 992c 206d natures=no..., m\n-00034570: 6f64 6966 7969 6e67 20e2 8098 7072 6566 odifying ...pref\n-00034580: 6978 e280 9920 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 6672 ix... to boot fr\n-00034590: 6f6d 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2075 6e65 7870 om an. unexp\n-000345a0: 6563 7465 6420 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f ected location o\n-000345b0: 7220 6e6f 7420 6174 2061 6c6c 2c20 6574 r not at all, et\n-000345c0: 632e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 7573 c... When us\n-000345d0: 6564 2077 6974 6820 6361 7265 2c20 e280 ed with care, ..\n-000345e0: 982d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 67e2 8099 2061 .--skip-sig... a\n-000345f0: 6e64 2074 6865 2077 6869 7465 6c69 7374 nd the whitelist\n-00034600: 2065 6e61 626c 6520 616e 0a20 2020 2020 enable an. \n-00034610: 6164 6d69 6e69 7374 7261 746f 7220 746f administrator to\n-00034620: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 2061 2073 7973 configure a sys\n-00034630: 7465 6d20 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 6f6e 6c79 tem to boot only\n-00034640: 2073 6967 6e65 640a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e signed. con\n-00034650: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 732c 2062 7574 figurations, but\n-00034660: 2074 6f20 616c 6c6f 7720 7468 6520 7573 to allow the us\n-00034670: 6572 2074 6f20 7365 6c65 6374 2066 726f er to select fro\n-00034680: 6d20 616d 6f6e 6720 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 m among multiple\n-00034690: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 . configurat\n-000346a0: 696f 6e73 2c20 616e 6420 746f 2065 6e61 ions, and to ena\n-000346b0: 626c 6520 226f 6e65 2d73 686f 7422 2062 ble \"one-shot\" b\n-000346c0: 6f6f 7420 6174 7465 6d70 7473 2061 6e64 oot attempts and\n-000346d0: 0a20 2020 2020 2273 6176 6564 6566 6175 . \"savedefau\n-000346e0: 6c74 2220 6265 6861 7669 6f72 2e20 202a lt\" behavior. *\n-000346f0: 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 Note Using digit\n-00034700: 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a2c al signatures::,\n-00034710: 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 650a 2020 2020 2069 for more. i\n-00034720: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 nformation.....F\n-00034730: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00034740: 204e 6f64 653a 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e 742c Node: loadfont,\n-00034750: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b Next: loopback\n-00034760: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 6f61 645f 656e , Prev: load_en\n-00034770: 762c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d v, Up: Command-\n-00034780: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n-00034790: 372e 342e 3432 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e 740a 7.4.42 loadfont.\n-000347a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000347b0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c .. -- Command: l\n-000347c0: 6f61 6466 6f6e 7420 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e oadfont file ...\n-000347d0: 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2073 7065 6369 . Load speci\n-000347e0: 6669 6564 2066 6f6e 7420 6669 6c65 732e fied font files.\n-000347f0: 2020 556e 6c65 7373 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 Unless absolut\n-00034800: 6520 7061 7468 6e61 6d65 2069 7320 6769 e pathname is gi\n-00034810: 7665 6e2c 2046 494c 450a 2020 2020 2069 ven, FILE. i\n-00034820: 7320 6173 7375 6d65 6420 746f 2062 6520 s assumed to be \n-00034830: 696e 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 20e2 8098 in directory ...\n-00034840: 2470 7265 6669 782f 666f 6e74 73e2 8099 $prefix/fonts...\n-00034850: 2077 6974 6820 7375 6666 6978 20e2 8098 with suffix ...\n-00034860: 2e70 6632 e280 990a 2020 2020 2061 7070 .pf2.... app\n-00034870: 656e 6465 642e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 466f ended. *Note Fo\n-00034880: 6e74 733a 2054 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6520 nts: Theme file \n-00034890: 666f 726d 6174 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a format.....File:\n-000348a0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-000348b0: 653a 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b2c 2020 4e65 e: loopback, Ne\n-000348c0: 7874 3a20 6c73 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c xt: ls, Prev: l\n-000348d0: 6f61 6466 6f6e 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f oadfont, Up: Co\n-000348e0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-000348f0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3433 206c 6f6f nds..17.4.43 loo\n-00034900: 7062 6163 6b0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d pback.----------\n-00034910: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-00034920: 616e 643a 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 5b2d and: loopback [-\n-00034930: 645d 205b 2d44 5d20 6465 7669 6365 2066 d] [-D] device f\n-00034940: 696c 650a 2020 2020 204d 616b 6520 7468 ile. Make th\n-00034950: 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6564 2044 e device named D\n-00034960: 4556 4943 4520 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 EVICE correspond\n-00034970: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 to the contents\n-00034980: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2066 696c of the. fil\n-00034990: 6573 7973 7465 6d20 696d 6167 6520 696e esystem image in\n-000349a0: 2046 494c 452e 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d FILE. For exam\n-000349b0: 706c 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ple:.. \n-000349c0: 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 206c 6f6f 7030 202f loopback loop0 /\n-000349d0: 7061 7468 2f74 6f2f 696d 6167 650a 2020 path/to/image. \n-000349e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c73 2028 6c6f 6f70 ls (loop\n-000349f0: 3029 2f0a 0a20 2020 2020 5370 6563 6966 0)/.. Specif\n-00034a00: 7969 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d44 e280 ying the ...-D..\n-00034a10: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 . option allows \n-00034a20: 7468 6520 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2066 696c the loopback fil\n-00034a30: 6520 746f 2062 650a 2020 2020 2074 7261 e to be. tra\n-00034a40: 6e70 6172 656e 746c 7920 6465 636f 6d70 nparently decomp\n-00034a50: 7265 7373 6564 2069 6620 7468 6572 6520 ressed if there \n-00034a60: 6973 2061 6e20 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 is an appropriat\n-00034a70: 6520 6465 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6f72 0a20 e decompressor. \n-00034a80: 2020 2020 6c6f 6164 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 loaded... \n-00034a90: 2020 5769 7468 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d64 With the ...-d\n-00034aa0: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 6465 6c65 ... option, dele\n-00034ab0: 7465 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 7072 6576 te a device prev\n-00034ac0: 696f 7573 6c79 2063 7265 6174 6564 2075 iously created u\n-00034ad0: 7369 6e67 2074 6869 730a 2020 2020 2063 sing this. c\n-00034ae0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ommand.....File:\n-00034af0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00034b00: 653a 206c 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c73 e: ls, Next: ls\n-00034b10: 666f 6e74 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c6f fonts, Prev: lo\n-00034b20: 6f70 6261 636b 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d opback, Up: Com\n-00034b30: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-00034b40: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3420 6c73 0a2d ds..17.4.44 ls.-\n-00034b50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-00034b60: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c73 205b 6172 6720 ommand: ls [arg \n-00034b70: 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2064 ...]. List d\n-00034b80: 6576 6963 6573 206f 7220 6669 6c65 732e evices or files.\n-00034b90: 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 .. With no a\n-00034ba0: 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 7072 696e 7420 rguments, print \n-00034bb0: 616c 6c20 6465 7669 6365 7320 6b6e 6f77 all devices know\n-00034bc0: 6e20 746f 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 n to GRUB... \n-00034bd0: 2049 6620 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 If the argument\n-00034be0: 2069 7320 6120 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d is a device nam\n-00034bf0: 6520 656e 636c 6f73 6564 2069 6e20 7061 e enclosed in pa\n-00034c00: 7265 6e74 6865 7365 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 rentheses (*note\n-00034c10: 0a20 2020 2020 4465 7669 6365 2073 796e . Device syn\n-00034c20: 7461 783a 3a29 2c20 7468 656e 2070 7269 tax::), then pri\n-00034c30: 6e74 2074 6865 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2074 nt the name of t\n-00034c40: 6865 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 6f66 he filesystem of\n-00034c50: 2074 6861 740a 2020 2020 2064 6576 6963 that. devic\n-00034c60: 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 e... If the \n-00034c70: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 6120 6469 argument is a di\n-00034c80: 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6769 7665 6e20 6173 rectory given as\n-00034c90: 2061 6e20 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2066 696c an absolute fil\n-00034ca0: 6520 6e61 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f e name. (*no\n-00034cb0: 7465 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e te File name syn\n-00034cc0: 7461 783a 3a29 2c20 7468 656e 206c 6973 tax::), then lis\n-00034cd0: 7420 7468 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f t the contents o\n-00034ce0: 6620 7468 6174 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7265 f that. dire\n-00034cf0: 6374 6f72 792e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ctory.....File: \n-00034d00: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00034d10: 3a20 6c73 666f 6e74 732c 2020 4e65 7874 : lsfonts, Next\n-00034d20: 3a20 6c73 6d6f 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 : lsmod, Prev: \n-00034d30: 6c73 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ls, Up: Command\n-00034d40: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-00034d50: 3137 2e34 2e34 3520 6c73 666f 6e74 730a 17.4.45 lsfonts.\n-00034d60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-00034d70: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c73 . -- Command: ls\n-00034d80: 666f 6e74 730a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 fonts. List \n-00034d90: 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 6f6e 7473 2e0a 0a1f loaded fonts....\n-00034da0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00034db0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 736d 6f64 2c20 , Node: lsmod, \n-00034dc0: 204e 6578 743a 206d 6435 7375 6d2c 2020 Next: md5sum, \n-00034dd0: 5072 6576 3a20 6c73 666f 6e74 732c 2020 Prev: lsfonts, \n-00034de0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-00034df0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-00034e00: 3436 206c 736d 6f64 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 46 lsmod.-------\n-00034e10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-00034e20: 616e 643a 206c 736d 6f64 0a20 2020 2020 and: lsmod. \n-00034e30: 5368 6f77 206c 6973 7420 6f66 206c 6f61 Show list of loa\n-00034e40: 6465 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a 1f0a ded modules.....\n-00034e50: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00034e60: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d64 3573 756d 2c20 Node: md5sum, \n-00034e70: 204e 6578 743a 206d 6f64 756c 652c 2020 Next: module, \n-00034e80: 5072 6576 3a20 6c73 6d6f 642c 2020 5570 Prev: lsmod, Up\n-00034e90: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-00034ea0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3437 ommands..17.4.47\n-00034eb0: 206d 6435 7375 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d md5sum.--------\n-00034ec0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-00034ed0: 616e 643a 206d 6435 7375 6d20 6172 6720 and: md5sum arg \n-00034ee0: 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 2066 .... Alias f\n-00034ef0: 6f72 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d or ...hashsum --\n-00034f00: 6861 7368 206d 6435 2061 7267 202e 2e2e hash md5 arg ...\n-00034f10: e280 992e 2020 5365 6520 636f 6d6d 616e .... See comman\n-00034f20: 6420 e280 9868 6173 6873 756d e280 990a d ...hashsum....\n-00034f30: 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6861 7368 (*note hash\n-00034f40: 7375 6d3a 3a29 2066 6f72 2066 756c 6c20 sum::) for full \n-00034f50: 6465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a description.....\n-00034f60: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00034f70: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2c20 Node: module, \n-00034f80: 204e 6578 743a 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 Next: multiboot\n-00034f90: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206d 6435 7375 6d2c , Prev: md5sum,\n-00034fa0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-00034fb0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-00034fc0: 342e 3438 206d 6f64 756c 650a 2d2d 2d2d 4.48 module.----\n-00034fd0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-00034fe0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206d 6f64 756c 6520 Command: module \n-00034ff0: 5b2d 2d6e 6f75 6e7a 6970 5d20 6669 6c65 [--nounzip] file\n-00035000: 205b 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 735d 0a20 2020 [arguments]. \n-00035010: 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 206d 6f64 756c 6520 Load a module \n-00035020: 666f 7220 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 for multiboot ke\n-00035030: 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2054 6865 rnel image. The\n-00035040: 2072 6573 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c 696e rest of the lin\n-00035050: 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7373 6564 e is. passed\n-00035060: 2076 6572 6261 7469 6d20 6173 2074 6865 verbatim as the\n-00035070: 206d 6f64 756c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 module command \n-00035080: 6c69 6e65 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 line.....File: g\n-00035090: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-000350a0: 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2c20 204e 6578 multiboot, Nex\n-000350b0: 743a 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b2c 2020 t: nativedisk, \n-000350c0: 5072 6576 3a20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2c20 2055 Prev: module, U\n-000350d0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-000350e0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 commands..17.4.4\n-000350f0: 3920 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 740a 2d2d 2d2d 9 multiboot.----\n-00035100: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-00035110: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6d75 6c74 -- Command: mult\n-00035120: 6962 6f6f 7420 5b2d 2d71 7569 726b 2d62 iboot [--quirk-b\n-00035130: 6164 2d6b 6c75 6467 655d 0a20 2020 2020 ad-kludge]. \n-00035140: 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 7175 6972 6b2d 6d6f [--quirk-mo\n-00035150: 6475 6c65 732d 6166 7465 722d 6b65 726e dules-after-kern\n-00035160: 656c 5d20 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 el] file .... \n-00035170: 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 206d 756c 7469 626f Load a multibo\n-00035180: 6f74 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6520 ot kernel image \n-00035190: 6672 6f6d 2046 494c 452e 2020 5468 6520 from FILE. The \n-000351a0: 7265 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 rest of the line\n-000351b0: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2070 6173 7365 6420 is. passed \n-000351c0: 7665 7262 6174 696d 2061 7320 7468 6520 verbatim as the \n-000351d0: e280 9c6b 6572 6e65 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e ...kernel comman\n-000351e0: 642d 6c69 6e65 e280 9d2e 2020 416e 7920 d-line.... Any \n-000351f0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 206d 7573 7420 6265 0a20 module must be. \n-00035200: 2020 2020 7265 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 6674 reloaded aft\n-00035210: 6572 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6869 7320 636f er using this co\n-00035220: 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206d 6f64 mmand (*note mod\n-00035230: 756c 653a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 536f ule::)... So\n-00035240: 6d65 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2068 6176 6520 me kernels have \n-00035250: 6b6e 6f77 6e20 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2e20 known problems. \n-00035260: 2059 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2073 7065 You need to spe\n-00035270: 6369 6679 202d 7175 6972 6b2d 2a20 666f cify -quirk-* fo\n-00035280: 720a 2020 2020 2074 686f 7365 2e20 202d r. those. -\n-00035290: 7175 6972 6b2d 6261 642d 6b6c 7564 6765 quirk-bad-kludge\n-000352a0: 2069 7320 6120 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 7365 is a problem se\n-000352b0: 656e 2069 6e20 7365 7665 7261 6c20 7072 en in several pr\n-000352c0: 6f64 7563 7473 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6174 oducts. that\n-000352d0: 2074 6865 7920 696e 636c 7564 6520 6c6f they include lo\n-000352e0: 6164 696e 6720 6b6c 7564 6765 2069 6e66 ading kludge inf\n-000352f0: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 6820 696e ormation with in\n-00035300: 7661 6c69 6420 6461 7461 2069 6e0a 2020 valid data in. \n-00035310: 2020 2045 4c46 2066 696c 652e 2020 4752 ELF file. GR\n-00035320: 5542 2070 7269 6f72 2074 6f20 302e 3937 UB prior to 0.97\n-00035330: 2061 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 6375 7374 6f6d and some custom\n-00035340: 2062 7569 6c64 7320 7072 6566 6572 7265 builds preferre\n-00035350: 6420 454c 460a 2020 2020 2069 6e66 6f72 d ELF. infor\n-00035360: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2077 6869 6c65 2030 2e39 mation while 0.9\n-00035370: 3720 616e 6420 4752 5542 2032 2075 7365 7 and GRUB 2 use\n-00035380: 206b 6c75 6467 652e 2020 5573 6520 7468 kludge. Use th\n-00035390: 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f 0a20 2020 is option to. \n-000353a0: 2020 6967 6e6f 7265 206b 6c75 6467 652e ignore kludge.\n-000353b0: 2020 4b6e 6f77 6e20 6166 6665 6374 6564 Known affected\n-000353c0: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 3a20 6f6c 6420 536f systems: old So\n-000353d0: 6c61 7269 732c 2053 6b79 4f53 2e0a 0a20 laris, SkyOS... \n-000353e0: 2020 2020 2d71 7569 726b 2d6d 6f64 756c -quirk-modul\n-000353f0: 6573 2d61 6674 6572 2d6b 6572 6e65 6c20 es-after-kernel \n-00035400: 6973 206e 6565 6465 6420 666f 7220 6b65 is needed for ke\n-00035410: 726e 656c 7320 7768 6963 6820 6c6f 6164 rnels which load\n-00035420: 2061 740a 2020 2020 2072 656c 6174 6976 at. relativ\n-00035430: 656c 7920 6869 6768 2061 6464 7265 7373 ely high address\n-00035440: 2065 2e67 2e20 2031 364d 6942 206d 6172 e.g. 16MiB mar\n-00035450: 6b20 616e 6420 6361 6e27 7420 636f 7065 k and can't cope\n-00035460: 2077 6974 680a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 756c with. modul\n-00035470: 6573 2073 7475 6666 6564 2062 6574 7765 es stuffed betwe\n-00035480: 656e 2031 4d69 4220 6d61 726b 2061 6e64 en 1MiB mark and\n-00035490: 2062 6567 696e 6e69 6e67 206f 6620 7468 beginning of th\n-000354a0: 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2e0a 2020 2020 204b e kernel.. K\n-000354b0: 6e6f 776e 2061 6666 7465 6374 6564 2073 nown afftected s\n-000354c0: 7973 7465 6d73 3a20 564d 5761 7265 2e0a ystems: VMWare..\n-000354d0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-000354e0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6174 6976 fo, Node: nativ\n-000354f0: 6564 6973 6b2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e6f edisk, Next: no\n-00035500: 726d 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206d 756c rmal, Prev: mul\n-00035510: 7469 626f 6f74 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d tiboot, Up: Com\n-00035520: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-00035530: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3020 6e61 7469 ds..17.4.50 nati\n-00035540: 7665 6469 736b 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d vedisk.---------\n-00035550: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-00035560: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e61 7469 7665 6469 ommand: nativedi\n-00035570: 736b 0a20 2020 2020 5377 6974 6368 2066 sk. Switch f\n-00035580: 726f 6d20 6669 726d 7761 7265 2064 6973 rom firmware dis\n-00035590: 6b20 6472 6976 6572 7320 746f 206e 6174 k drivers to nat\n-000355a0: 6976 6520 6f6e 6573 2e20 2052 6561 6c6c ive ones. Reall\n-000355b0: 7920 7573 6566 756c 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e y useful. on\n-000355c0: 6c79 206f 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 ly on platforms \n-000355d0: 7768 6572 6520 626f 7468 2066 6972 6d77 where both firmw\n-000355e0: 6172 6520 616e 6420 6e61 7469 7665 2064 are and native d\n-000355f0: 6973 6b20 6472 6976 6573 2061 7265 0a20 isk drives are. \n-00035600: 2020 2020 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 available. \n-00035610: 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6933 3836 2d70 Currently i386-p\n-00035620: 632c 2069 3338 362d 6566 692c 2069 3338 c, i386-efi, i38\n-00035630: 362d 6965 6565 3132 3735 2061 6e64 0a20 6-ieee1275 and. \n-00035640: 2020 2020 7838 365f 3634 2d65 6669 2e0a x86_64-efi..\n-00035650: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00035660: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6f72 6d61 fo, Node: norma\n-00035670: 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c l, Next: normal\n-00035680: 5f65 7869 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e61 _exit, Prev: na\n-00035690: 7469 7665 6469 736b 2c20 2055 703a 2043 tivedisk, Up: C\n-000356a0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-000356b0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3120 6e6f ands..17.4.51 no\n-000356c0: 726d 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rmal.-----------\n-000356d0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-000356e0: 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 205b 6669 6c65 5d0a : normal [file].\n-000356f0: 2020 2020 2045 6e74 6572 206e 6f72 6d61 Enter norma\n-00035700: 6c20 6d6f 6465 2061 6e64 2064 6973 706c l mode and displ\n-00035710: 6179 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 6d65 6e75 ay the GRUB menu\n-00035720: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 496e 206e 6f72 6d61 ... In norma\n-00035730: 6c20 6d6f 6465 2c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 l mode, commands\n-00035740: 2c20 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 206d 6f64 , filesystem mod\n-00035750: 756c 6573 2c20 616e 6420 6372 7970 746f ules, and crypto\n-00035760: 6772 6170 6879 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f 6475 graphy. modu\n-00035770: 6c65 7320 6172 6520 6175 746f 6d61 7469 les are automati\n-00035780: 6361 6c6c 7920 6c6f 6164 6564 2c20 616e cally loaded, an\n-00035790: 6420 7468 6520 6675 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 d the full GRUB \n-000357a0: 7363 7269 7074 2070 6172 7365 720a 2020 script parser. \n-000357b0: 2020 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e is available.\n-000357c0: 2020 4f74 6865 7220 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 Other modules \n-000357d0: 6d61 7920 6265 2065 7870 6c69 6369 746c may be explicitl\n-000357e0: 7920 6c6f 6164 6564 2075 7369 6e67 0a20 y loaded using. \n-000357f0: 2020 2020 e280 9869 6e73 6d6f 64e2 8099 ...insmod...\n-00035800: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e 736d 6f64 3a3a (*note insmod::\n-00035810: 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 6120 4649 )... If a FI\n-00035820: 4c45 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2074 6865 LE is given, the\n-00035830: 6e20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2077 696c 6c20 n commands will \n-00035840: 6265 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6861 be read from tha\n-00035850: 7420 6669 6c65 2e0a 2020 2020 204f 7468 t file.. Oth\n-00035860: 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7468 6579 2077 696c erwise, they wil\n-00035870: 6c20 6265 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 20e2 l be read from .\n-00035880: 8098 2470 7265 6669 782f 6772 7562 2e63 ..$prefix/grub.c\n-00035890: 6667 e280 9920 6966 2069 7420 6578 6973 fg... if it exis\n-000358a0: 7473 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 986e 6f72 ts... ...nor\n-000358b0: 6d61 6ce2 8099 206d 6179 2062 6520 6361 mal... may be ca\n-000358c0: 6c6c 6564 2066 726f 6d20 7769 7468 696e lled from within\n-000358d0: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 2c20 6372 normal mode, cr\n-000358e0: 6561 7469 6e67 2061 206e 6573 7465 640a eating a nested.\n-000358f0: 2020 2020 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 environment\n-00035900: 2e20 2049 7420 6973 206d 6f72 6520 7573 . It is more us\n-00035910: 7561 6c20 746f 2075 7365 20e2 8098 636f ual to use ...co\n-00035920: 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 9920 282a 6e6f nfigfile... (*no\n-00035930: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 6669 te. configfi\n-00035940: 6c65 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 7468 6973 2e0a le::) for this..\n-00035950: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00035960: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6f72 6d61 fo, Node: norma\n-00035970: 6c5f 6578 6974 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 l_exit, Next: p\n-00035980: 6172 7474 6f6f 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 arttool, Prev: \n-00035990: 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d normal, Up: Com\n-000359a0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-000359b0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3220 6e6f 726d ds..17.4.52 norm\n-000359c0: 616c 5f65 7869 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d al_exit.--------\n-000359d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-000359e0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c Command: normal\n-000359f0: 5f65 7869 740a 2020 2020 2045 7869 7420 _exit. Exit \n-00035a00: 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 6520 282a 6e6f normal mode (*no\n-00035a10: 7465 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a29 2e20 2049 te normal::). I\n-00035a20: 6620 7468 6973 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 6520 f this instance \n-00035a30: 6f66 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 0a20 of normal mode. \n-00035a40: 2020 2020 7761 7320 6e6f 7420 6e65 7374 was not nest\n-00035a50: 6564 2077 6974 6869 6e20 616e 6f74 6865 ed within anothe\n-00035a60: 7220 6f6e 652c 2074 6865 6e20 7265 7475 r one, then retu\n-00035a70: 726e 2074 6f20 7265 7363 7565 206d 6f64 rn to rescue mod\n-00035a80: 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 e.....File: grub\n-00035a90: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 .info, Node: pa\n-00035aa0: 7274 746f 6f6c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 rttool, Next: p\n-00035ab0: 6173 7377 6f72 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 assword, Prev: \n-00035ac0: 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 742c 2020 5570 normal_exit, Up\n-00035ad0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-00035ae0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3533 ommands..17.4.53\n-00035af0: 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d parttool.------\n-00035b00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-00035b10: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2070 6172 7474 6f6f Command: parttoo\n-00035b20: 6c20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 636f 6d6d l partition comm\n-00035b30: 616e 6473 0a20 2020 2020 4d61 6b65 2076 ands. Make v\n-00035b40: 6172 696f 7573 206d 6f64 6966 6963 6174 arious modificat\n-00035b50: 696f 6e73 2074 6f20 7061 7274 6974 696f ions to partitio\n-00035b60: 6e20 7461 626c 6520 656e 7472 6965 732e n table entries.\n-00035b70: 0a0a 2020 2020 2045 6163 6820 434f 4d4d .. Each COMM\n-00035b80: 414e 4420 6973 2065 6974 6865 7220 6120 AND is either a \n-00035b90: 626f 6f6c 6561 6e20 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 boolean option, \n-00035ba0: 696e 2077 6869 6368 2063 6173 6520 6974 in which case it\n-00035bb0: 206d 7573 7420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 666f must be. fo\n-00035bc0: 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 6974 6820 e280 982b llowed with ...+\n-00035bd0: e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 2de2 8099 2028 ... or ...-... (\n-00035be0: 7769 7468 206e 6f20 696e 7465 7276 656e with no interven\n-00035bf0: 696e 6720 7370 6163 6529 2074 6f20 656e ing space) to en\n-00035c00: 6162 6c65 206f 720a 2020 2020 2064 6973 able or. dis\n-00035c10: 6162 6c65 2074 6861 7420 6f70 7469 6f6e able that option\n-00035c20: 2c20 6f72 2065 6c73 6520 6974 2074 616b , or else it tak\n-00035c30: 6573 2061 2076 616c 7565 2069 6e20 7468 es a value in th\n-00035c40: 6520 666f 726d 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9843 e form. ...C\n-00035c50: 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3d56 414c 5545 e280 992e OMMAND=VALUE....\n-00035c60: 0a0a 2020 2020 2043 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 .. Currently\n-00035c70: 2c20 e280 9870 6172 7474 6f6f 6ce2 8099 , ...parttool...\n-00035c80: 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2075 7365 6675 6c20 is only useful \n-00035c90: 6f6e 2044 4f53 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e on DOS partition\n-00035ca0: 2074 6162 6c65 7320 2861 6c73 6f0a 2020 tables (also. \n-00035cb0: 2020 206b 6e6f 776e 2061 7320 4d61 7374 known as Mast\n-00035cc0: 6572 2042 6f6f 7420 5265 636f 7264 2c20 er Boot Record, \n-00035cd0: 6f72 204d 4252 292e 204f 6e20 7468 6573 or MBR). On thes\n-00035ce0: 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c e partition tabl\n-00035cf0: 6573 2c0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2066 6f6c es,. the fol\n-00035d00: 6c6f 7769 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 lowing commands \n-00035d10: 6172 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 653a 0a0a are available:..\n-00035d20: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 e280 9920 ...boot... \n-00035d30: 2862 6f6f 6c65 616e 290a 2020 2020 2020 (boolean). \n-00035d40: 2020 2020 5768 656e 2065 6e61 626c 6564 When enabled\n-00035d50: 2c20 7468 6973 206d 616b 6573 2074 6865 , this makes the\n-00035d60: 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 7061 7274 6974 selected partit\n-00035d70: 696f 6e20 6265 2074 6865 2061 6374 6976 ion be the activ\n-00035d80: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2862 6f6f e. (boo\n-00035d90: 7461 626c 6529 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e table) partition\n-00035da0: 206f 6e20 6974 7320 6469 736b 2c20 636c on its disk, cl\n-00035db0: 6561 7269 6e67 2074 6865 2061 6374 6976 earing the activ\n-00035dc0: 6520 666c 6167 206f 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 e flag on. \n-00035dd0: 2020 2020 616c 6c20 6f74 6865 7220 7061 all other pa\n-00035de0: 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2e20 2054 6869 7320 rtitions. This \n-00035df0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206c 696d 6974 command is limit\n-00035e00: 6564 2074 6f20 5f70 7269 6d61 7279 5f0a ed to _primary_.\n-00035e10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6974 partit\n-00035e20: 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9874 ions... ...t\n-00035e30: 7970 65e2 8099 2028 7661 6c75 6529 0a20 ype... (value). \n-00035e40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6861 6e67 6520 Change \n-00035e50: 7468 6520 7479 7065 206f 6620 616e 2065 the type of an e\n-00035e60: 7869 7374 696e 6720 7061 7274 6974 696f xisting partitio\n-00035e70: 6e2e 2020 5468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6d75 n. The value mu\n-00035e80: 7374 2062 6520 610a 2020 2020 2020 2020 st be a. \n-00035e90: 2020 6e75 6d62 6572 2069 6e20 7468 6520 number in the \n-00035ea0: 7261 6e67 6520 302d 3078 4646 2028 7072 range 0-0xFF (pr\n-00035eb0: 6566 6978 2077 6974 6820 e280 9830 78e2 efix with ...0x.\n-00035ec0: 8099 2074 6f20 656e 7465 7220 6974 2069 .. to enter it i\n-00035ed0: 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 7861 n. hexa\n-00035ee0: 6465 6369 6d61 6c29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 decimal)... \n-00035ef0: e280 9868 6964 6465 6ee2 8099 2028 626f ...hidden... (bo\n-00035f00: 6f6c 6561 6e29 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 olean). \n-00035f10: 2057 6865 6e20 656e 6162 6c65 642c 2074 When enabled, t\n-00035f20: 6869 7320 6869 6465 7320 7468 6520 7365 his hides the se\n-00035f30: 6c65 6374 6564 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e lected partition\n-00035f40: 2062 7920 7365 7474 696e 6720 7468 650a by setting the.\n-00035f50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 9c68 6964 ...hid\n-00035f60: 6465 6ee2 809d 2062 6974 2069 6e20 6974 den... bit in it\n-00035f70: 7320 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7479 7065 s partition type\n-00035f80: 2063 6f64 653b 2077 6865 6e20 6469 7361 code; when disa\n-00035f90: 626c 6564 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 bled,. \n-00035fa0: 756e 6869 6465 7320 7468 6520 7365 6c65 unhides the sele\n-00035fb0: 6374 6564 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2062 cted partition b\n-00035fc0: 7920 636c 6561 7269 6e67 2074 6869 7320 y clearing this \n-00035fd0: 6269 742e 2020 5468 6973 2069 730a 2020 bit. This is. \n-00035fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7573 6566 756c 206f useful o\n-00035ff0: 6e6c 7920 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 nly when booting\n-00036000: 2044 4f53 206f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 DOS or Windows \n-00036010: 616e 6420 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2070 7269 and multiple pri\n-00036020: 6d61 7279 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 mary. F\n-00036030: 4154 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 6578 AT partitions ex\n-00036040: 6973 7420 696e 206f 6e65 2064 6973 6b2e ist in one disk.\n-00036050: 2020 5365 6520 616c 736f 202a 6e6f 7465 See also *note\n-00036060: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 4f53 2f57 . DOS/W\n-00036070: 696e 646f 7773 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c indows::.....Fil\n-00036080: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00036090: 6f64 653a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 642c 2020 ode: password, \n-000360a0: 4e65 7874 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 Next: password_p\n-000360b0: 626b 6466 322c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7061 bkdf2, Prev: pa\n-000360c0: 7274 746f 6f6c 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d rttool, Up: Com\n-000360d0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-000360e0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3420 7061 7373 ds..17.4.54 pass\n-000360f0: 776f 7264 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d word.-----------\n-00036100: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-00036110: 6e64 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 2075 7365 nd: password use\n-00036120: 7220 636c 6561 722d 7061 7373 776f 7264 r clear-password\n-00036130: 0a20 2020 2020 4465 6669 6e65 2061 2075 . Define a u\n-00036140: 7365 7220 6e61 6d65 6420 5553 4552 2077 ser named USER w\n-00036150: 6974 6820 7061 7373 776f 7264 2043 4c45 ith password CLE\n-00036160: 4152 2d50 4153 5357 4f52 442e 2020 2a4e AR-PASSWORD. *N\n-00036170: 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2053 6563 7572 6974 ote. Securit\n-00036180: 793a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 y::.....File: gr\n-00036190: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-000361a0: 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 322c password_pbkdf2,\n-000361b0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 Next: plainmou\n-000361c0: 6e74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 6173 7377 nt, Prev: passw\n-000361d0: 6f72 642c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e ord, Up: Comman\n-000361e0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-000361f0: 0a31 372e 342e 3535 2070 6173 7377 6f72 .17.4.55 passwor\n-00036200: 645f 7062 6b64 6632 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d d_pbkdf2.-------\n-00036210: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00036220: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2070 .. -- Command: p\n-00036230: 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 2075 assword_pbkdf2 u\n-00036240: 7365 7220 6861 7368 6564 2d70 6173 7377 ser hashed-passw\n-00036250: 6f72 640a 2020 2020 2044 6566 696e 6520 ord. Define \n-00036260: 6120 7573 6572 206e 616d 6564 2055 5345 a user named USE\n-00036270: 5220 7769 7468 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 R with password \n-00036280: 6861 7368 2048 4153 4845 442d 5041 5353 hash HASHED-PASS\n-00036290: 574f 5244 2e20 2055 7365 0a20 2020 2020 WORD. Use. \n-000362a0: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 ...grub-mkpasswd\n-000362b0: 2d70 626b 6466 32e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 -pbkdf2... (*not\n-000362c0: 6520 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d e Invoking grub-\n-000362d0: 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 323a mkpasswd-pbkdf2:\n-000362e0: 3a29 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2067 656e 6572 :) to. gener\n-000362f0: 6174 6520 7061 7373 776f 7264 2068 6173 ate password has\n-00036300: 6865 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5365 6375 hes. *Note Secu\n-00036310: 7269 7479 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a rity::.....File:\n-00036320: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00036330: 653a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 e: plainmount, \n-00036340: 4e65 7874 3a20 706c 6179 2c20 2050 7265 Next: play, Pre\n-00036350: 763a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 v: password_pbkd\n-00036360: 6632 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 f2, Up: Command\n-00036370: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-00036380: 3137 2e34 2e35 3620 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 17.4.56 plainmou\n-00036390: 6e74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nt.-------------\n-000363a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-000363b0: 6e64 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2064 nd: plainmount d\n-000363c0: 6576 6963 6520 2d63 2063 6970 6865 7220 evice -c cipher \n-000363d0: 2d73 206b 6579 2073 697a 6520 5b2d 6820 -s key size [-h \n-000363e0: 6861 7368 5d0a 2020 2020 205b e280 982d hash]. [...-\n-000363f0: 53e2 8099 2073 6563 746f 7220 7369 7a65 S... sector size\n-00036400: 5d20 5be2 8098 2d70 e280 9920 7061 7373 ] [...-p... pass\n-00036410: 776f 7264 5d20 5be2 8098 2d75 e280 9920 word] [...-u... \n-00036420: 7575 6964 5d20 5b5b e280 982d 64e2 8099 uuid] [[...-d...\n-00036430: 206b 6579 6669 6c65 5d0a 2020 2020 205b keyfile]. [\n-00036440: e280 982d 4fe2 8099 206b 6579 6669 6c65 ...-O... keyfile\n-00036450: 206f 6666 7365 745d 5d0a 0a20 2020 2020 offset]].. \n-00036460: 5365 7475 7020 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 Setup access to \n-00036470: 7468 6520 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 6465 the encrypted de\n-00036480: 7669 6365 2069 6e20 706c 6169 6e20 6d6f vice in plain mo\n-00036490: 6465 2e20 204f 6666 7365 7420 6f66 2074 de. Offset of t\n-000364a0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 656e 6372 7970 7465 he. encrypte\n-000364b0: 6420 6461 7461 2061 7420 7468 6520 6465 d data at the de\n-000364c0: 7669 6365 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 vice is specifie\n-000364d0: 6420 696e 2074 6572 6d73 206f 6620 3531 d in terms of 51\n-000364e0: 3220 6279 7465 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6374 2 byte. sect\n-000364f0: 6f72 7320 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 626c ors using the bl\n-00036500: 6f63 6b6c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 2061 ocklist syntax a\n-00036510: 6e64 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 6465 7669 nd loopback devi\n-00036520: 6365 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 666f ce. The. fo\n-00036530: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6578 616d 706c 6520 llowing example \n-00036540: 7368 6f77 7320 686f 7720 746f 2073 7065 shows how to spe\n-00036550: 6369 6679 2031 4d69 4220 6f66 6673 6574 cify 1MiB offset\n-00036560: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 6f6f :.. loo\n-00036570: 7062 6163 6b20 6e6f 6465 2028 6864 302c pback node (hd0,\n-00036580: 6770 7431 2932 3034 382b 0a20 2020 2020 gpt1)2048+. \n-00036590: 2020 2020 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 7420 plainmount \n-000365a0: 6e6f 6465 202e 2e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 node ..... T\n-000365b0: 6865 20e2 8098 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 he ...plainmount\n-000365c0: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6361 6e20 ... command can \n-000365d0: 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 206f 7065 6e20 be used to open \n-000365e0: 4c55 4b53 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2076 LUKS encrypted v\n-000365f0: 6f6c 756d 650a 2020 2020 2069 6620 6974 olume. if it\n-00036600: 7320 6d61 7374 6572 206b 6579 2061 6e64 s master key and\n-00036610: 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 286b 6579 parameters (key\n-00036620: 2073 697a 652c 2063 6970 6865 722c 206f size, cipher, o\n-00036630: 6666 7365 742c 2065 7463 290a 2020 2020 ffset, etc). \n-00036640: 2061 7265 206b 6e6f 776e 2e0a 0a20 2020 are known... \n-00036650: 2020 5468 6572 6520 6172 6520 7477 6f20 There are two \n-00036660: 7761 7973 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 ways to specify \n-00036670: 6120 7061 7373 776f 7264 3a20 6120 6b65 a password: a ke\n-00036680: 7966 696c 6520 616e 6420 6120 7365 6372 yfile and a secr\n-00036690: 6574 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7373 7068 7261 et. passphra\n-000366a0: 7365 2e20 2054 6865 206b 6579 6669 6c65 se. The keyfile\n-000366b0: 2070 6174 6820 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7220 path parameter \n-000366c0: 6861 7320 6869 6768 6572 2070 7269 6f72 has higher prior\n-000366d0: 6974 7920 7468 616e 0a20 2020 2020 7468 ity than. th\n-000366e0: 6520 7365 6372 6574 2070 6173 7370 6872 e secret passphr\n-000366f0: 6173 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7220 616e ase parameter an\n-00036700: 6420 6973 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2077 d is specified w\n-00036710: 6974 6820 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 0a20 ith the option. \n-00036720: 2020 2020 e280 982d 64e2 8099 2e20 2050 ...-d.... P\n-00036730: 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6461 7461 206f 6274 assword data obt\n-00036740: 6169 6e65 6420 6672 6f6d 206b 6579 6669 ained from keyfi\n-00036750: 6c65 7320 6973 206e 6f74 2068 6173 6865 les is not hashe\n-00036760: 6420 616e 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7573 d and is. us\n-00036770: 6564 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 6173 2061 ed directly as a\n-00036780: 2063 6970 6865 7220 6b65 792e 2020 416e cipher key. An\n-00036790: 206f 7074 696f 6e61 6c20 6f66 6673 6574 optional offset\n-000367a0: 206f 6620 7061 7373 776f 7264 2064 6174 of password dat\n-000367b0: 610a 2020 2020 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6b65 a. in the ke\n-000367c0: 7966 696c 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2073 7065 yfile can be spe\n-000367d0: 6369 6669 6564 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 cified with the \n-000367e0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d4f e280 9920 option ...-O... \n-000367f0: 6f72 2064 6972 6563 746c 790a 2020 2020 or directly. \n-00036800: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e with the option\n-00036810: 20e2 8098 2d64 e280 9920 616e 6420 4752 ...-d... and GR\n-00036820: 5542 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 2073 796e UB blocklist syn\n-00036830: 7461 782c 2069 6620 7468 6520 6b65 7966 tax, if the keyf\n-00036840: 696c 6520 6461 7461 0a20 2020 2020 6361 ile data. ca\n-00036850: 6e20 6265 2061 6363 6573 7365 6420 6672 n be accessed fr\n-00036860: 6f6d 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 616e 6420 om a device and \n-00036870: 6973 2035 3132 2062 7974 6520 616c 6967 is 512 byte alig\n-00036880: 6e65 642e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 2066 ned. The. f\n-00036890: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 ollowing example\n-000368a0: 2073 686f 7773 2062 6f74 6820 6d65 7468 shows both meth\n-000368b0: 6f64 7320 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2070 ods to specify p\n-000368c0: 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6461 7461 2069 6e0a assword data in.\n-000368d0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 206b 6579 6669 6c65 the keyfile\n-000368e0: 2061 7420 6f66 6673 6574 2031 4d69 423a at offset 1MiB:\n-000368f0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 706c 6169 .. plai\n-00036900: 6e6d 6f75 6e74 202d 6420 2868 6430 2c67 nmount -d (hd0,g\n-00036910: 7074 3129 3230 3438 2b20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 pt1)2048+ .... \n-00036920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 plainmou\n-00036930: 6e74 202d 6420 2868 6430 2c67 7074 3129 nt -d (hd0,gpt1)\n-00036940: 2b20 2d4f 2031 3034 3835 3736 202e 2e2e + -O 1048576 ...\n-00036950: 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 6e6f 206b 6579 .. If no key\n-00036960: 6669 6c65 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 file is specifie\n-00036970: 6420 7468 656e 2074 6865 2070 6173 7377 d then the passw\n-00036980: 6f72 6420 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 7468 ord is set to th\n-00036990: 6520 7374 7269 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 7370 e string. sp\n-000369a0: 6563 6966 6965 6420 6279 206f 7074 696f ecified by optio\n-000369b0: 6e20 e280 982d 70e2 8099 206f 7220 6973 n ...-p... or is\n-000369c0: 2072 6571 7565 7374 6564 2069 6e74 6572 requested inter\n-000369d0: 6163 7469 7665 6c79 2066 726f 6d20 7468 actively from th\n-000369e0: 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2e20 e. console. \n-000369f0: 2049 6e20 626f 7468 2063 6173 6573 2074 In both cases t\n-00036a00: 6865 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 7061 7373 he provided pass\n-00036a10: 776f 7264 2069 7320 6861 7368 6564 2077 word is hashed w\n-00036a20: 6974 6820 7468 650a 2020 2020 2061 6c67 ith the. alg\n-00036a30: 6f72 6974 686d 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 orithm specified\n-00036a40: 2062 7920 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 by the option .\n-00036a50: 8098 2d68 e280 992e 2020 5468 6973 206f ..-h.... This o\n-00036a60: 7074 696f 6e20 6973 206d 616e 6461 746f ption is mandato\n-00036a70: 7279 0a20 2020 2020 6966 206e 6f20 6b65 ry. if no ke\n-00036a80: 7966 696c 6520 6973 2073 7065 6369 6669 yfile is specifi\n-00036a90: 6564 2c20 6275 7420 6974 2063 616e 2062 ed, but it can b\n-00036aa0: 6520 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 706c 6169 e set to ...plai\n-00036ab0: 6ee2 8099 2077 6869 6368 0a20 2020 2020 n... which. \n-00036ac0: 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 206e 6f20 6861 means that no ha\n-00036ad0: 7368 696e 6720 6973 2064 6f6e 6520 616e shing is done an\n-00036ae0: 6420 7375 6368 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 d such password \n-00036af0: 6973 2075 7365 6420 6469 7265 6374 6c79 is used directly\n-00036b00: 2061 730a 2020 2020 2061 206b 6579 2e0a as. a key..\n-00036b10: 0a20 2020 2020 4369 7068 6572 20e2 8098 . Cipher ...\n-00036b20: 2d63 e280 9920 616e 6420 6b65 7973 697a -c... and keysiz\n-00036b30: 6520 e280 982d 73e2 8099 206f 7074 696f e ...-s... optio\n-00036b40: 6e73 2073 7065 6369 6679 2074 6865 2063 ns specify the c\n-00036b50: 6970 6865 7220 616c 676f 7269 7468 6d0a ipher algorithm.\n-00036b60: 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2074 6865 206b 6579 and the key\n-00036b70: 2073 697a 6520 7265 7370 6563 7469 7665 size respective\n-00036b80: 6c79 2061 6e64 2061 7265 206d 616e 6461 ly and are manda\n-00036b90: 746f 7279 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2e20 2043 tory options. C\n-00036ba0: 6970 6865 720a 2020 2020 206d 7573 7420 ipher. must \n-00036bb0: 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2077 6974 be specified wit\n-00036bc0: 6820 7468 6520 6d6f 6465 2073 6570 6172 h the mode separ\n-00036bd0: 6174 6564 2062 7920 6120 6461 7368 2028 ated by a dash (\n-00036be0: 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 0a20 2020 for example,. \n-00036bf0: 2020 e280 9861 6573 2d78 7473 2d70 6c61 ...aes-xts-pla\n-00036c00: 696e 3634 e280 9929 2e20 204b 6579 2073 in64...). Key s\n-00036c10: 697a 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d73 ize option ...-s\n-00036c20: e280 9920 6973 2074 6865 206b 6579 2073 ... is the key s\n-00036c30: 697a 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ize of the. \n-00036c40: 6369 7068 6572 2069 6e20 6269 7473 2c20 cipher in bits, \n-00036c50: 6e6f 7420 746f 2062 6520 636f 6e66 7573 not to be confus\n-00036c60: 6564 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6f66 6673 ed with the offs\n-00036c70: 6574 206f 6620 7468 6520 6b65 7920 6461 et of the key da\n-00036c80: 7461 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2061 206b 6579 ta. in a key\n-00036c90: 6669 6c65 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2077 file specified w\n-00036ca0: 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 982d 4fe2 8099 ith the ...-O...\n-00036cb0: 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 2020 4974 206d 7573 option. It mus\n-00036cc0: 7420 6e6f 7420 6578 6365 6564 0a20 2020 t not exceed. \n-00036cd0: 2020 3130 3234 2062 6974 732c 2073 6f20 1024 bits, so \n-00036ce0: 6120 3332 2062 7974 6520 6b65 7920 776f a 32 byte key wo\n-00036cf0: 756c 6420 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 uld be specified\n-00036d00: 2061 7320 3235 3620 6269 7473 0a0a 2020 as 256 bits.. \n-00036d10: 2020 2054 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e61 6c20 The optional \n-00036d20: 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7220 e280 982d 53e2 parameter ...-S.\n-00036d30: 8099 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 2065 6e63 .. specifies enc\n-00036d40: 7279 7074 6564 2064 6576 6963 6520 7365 rypted device se\n-00036d50: 6374 6f72 2073 697a 652e 0a20 2020 2020 ctor size.. \n-00036d60: 4974 206d 7573 7420 6265 2061 7420 6c65 It must be at le\n-00036d70: 6173 7420 3531 3220 6279 7465 7320 6c6f ast 512 bytes lo\n-00036d80: 6e67 2028 6465 6661 756c 7420 7661 6c75 ng (default valu\n-00036d90: 6529 2061 6e64 2061 2070 6f77 6572 206f e) and a power o\n-00036da0: 660a 2020 2020 2032 2e20 2028 3129 2020 f. 2. (1) \n-00036db0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e (*note plainmoun\n-00036dc0: 742d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 292e t-Footnote-1::).\n-00036dd0: 2020 4469 736b 2073 6563 746f 7220 7369 Disk sector si\n-00036de0: 7a65 2069 730a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 ze is. confi\n-00036df0: 6775 7265 6420 7768 656e 2063 7265 6174 gured when creat\n-00036e00: 696e 6720 7468 6520 656e 6372 7970 7465 ing the encrypte\n-00036e10: 6420 766f 6c75 6d65 2e20 2041 7474 656d d volume. Attem\n-00036e20: 7074 696e 6720 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6465 pting to. de\n-00036e30: 6372 7970 7420 766f 6c75 6d65 7320 7769 crypt volumes wi\n-00036e40: 7468 2061 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2073 th a different s\n-00036e50: 6563 746f 7220 7369 7a65 2074 6861 6e20 ector size than \n-00036e60: 6974 2077 6173 2063 7265 6174 6564 0a20 it was created. \n-00036e70: 2020 2020 7769 7468 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f with will no\n-00036e80: 7420 7265 7375 6c74 2069 6e20 616e 2065 t result in an e\n-00036e90: 7272 6f72 2c20 6275 7420 7769 6c6c 2064 rror, but will d\n-00036ea0: 6563 7279 7074 2074 6f20 7261 6e64 6f6d ecrypt to random\n-00036eb0: 2062 7974 6573 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 bytes. and \n-00036ec0: 7468 7573 2070 7265 7665 6e74 2061 6363 thus prevent acc\n-00036ed0: 6573 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2076 6f6c 756d essing the volum\n-00036ee0: 6520 2869 6e20 736f 6d65 2063 6173 6573 e (in some cases\n-00036ef0: 2074 6865 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d0a the filesystem.\n-00036f00: 2020 2020 2064 7269 7665 7220 6361 6e20 driver can \n-00036f10: 6465 7465 6374 2074 6865 2070 7265 7365 detect the prese\n-00036f20: 6e63 6520 6f66 2061 2066 696c 6573 7973 nce of a filesys\n-00036f30: 7465 6d2c 2062 7574 206e 6576 6572 7468 tem, but neverth\n-00036f40: 656c 6573 730a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 eless. will \n-00036f50: 7265 6675 7365 2074 6f20 6d6f 756e 7420 refuse to mount \n-00036f60: 6974 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2042 7920 6465 it)... By de\n-00036f70: 6661 756c 7420 6e65 7720 706c 6169 6e6d fault new plainm\n-00036f80: 6f75 6e74 2064 6576 6963 6573 2077 696c ount devices wil\n-00036f90: 6c20 6265 2067 6976 656e 2061 2055 5549 l be given a UUI\n-00036fa0: 4420 7374 6172 7469 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 D starting. \n-00036fb0: 7769 7468 2027 3130 3966 6561 3834 2d61 with '109fea84-a\n-00036fc0: 3662 372d 3334 6138 2d34 6264 312d 3163 6b7-34a8-4bd1-1c\n-00036fd0: 3530 3633 3035 6134 3031 2720 7768 6572 506305a401' wher\n-00036fe0: 6520 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2064 6967 6974 e the last digit\n-00036ff0: 730a 2020 2020 2061 7265 2069 6e63 7265 s. are incre\n-00037000: 6d65 6e74 6564 2062 7920 6f6e 6520 666f mented by one fo\n-00037010: 7220 6561 6368 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e r each plainmoun\n-00037020: 7465 6420 6465 7669 6365 2062 6579 6f6e ted device beyon\n-00037030: 6420 7468 650a 2020 2020 2066 6972 7374 d the. first\n-00037040: 2075 7020 746f 2032 5e31 3020 6465 7669 up to 2^10 devi\n-00037050: 6365 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 6c6c 2065 ces... All e\n-00037060: 6e63 7279 7074 696f 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 ncryption argume\n-00037070: 6e74 7320 2863 6970 6865 722c 2068 6173 nts (cipher, has\n-00037080: 682c 206b 6579 2073 697a 652c 2064 6973 h, key size, dis\n-00037090: 6b20 6f66 6673 6574 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 k offset and. \n-000370a0: 2020 6469 736b 2073 6563 746f 7220 7369 disk sector si\n-000370b0: 7a65 2920 6d75 7374 206d 6174 6368 2074 ze) must match t\n-000370c0: 6865 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 7573 he parameters us\n-000370d0: 6564 2074 6f20 6372 6561 7465 2074 6865 ed to create the\n-000370e0: 0a20 2020 2020 766f 6c75 6d65 2e20 2049 . volume. I\n-000370f0: 6620 616e 7920 6f66 2074 6865 6d20 646f f any of them do\n-00037100: 6573 206e 6f74 206d 6174 6368 2074 6865 es not match the\n-00037110: 2061 6374 7561 6c20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 actual argument\n-00037120: 7320 7573 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6475 7269 s used. duri\n-00037130: 6e67 2074 6865 2069 6e69 7469 616c 2065 ng the initial e\n-00037140: 6e63 7279 7074 696f 6e2c 2070 6c61 696e ncryption, plain\n-00037150: 6d6f 756e 7420 7769 6c6c 2063 7265 6174 mount will creat\n-00037160: 6520 7669 7274 7561 6c0a 2020 2020 2064 e virtual. d\n-00037170: 6576 6963 6520 7769 7468 2074 6865 2067 evice with the g\n-00037180: 6172 6261 6765 2064 6174 6120 616e 6420 arbage data and \n-00037190: 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7265 706f 7274 GRUB will report\n-000371a0: 2075 6e6b 6e6f 776e 0a20 2020 2020 6669 unknown. fi\n-000371b0: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2066 6f72 2073 7563 lesystem for suc\n-000371c0: 6820 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c h device.....Fil\n-000371d0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-000371e0: 6f64 653a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 742d ode: plainmount-\n-000371f0: 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 Footnotes, Up: \n-00037200: 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 0a0a 2020 2028 plainmount.. (\n-00037210: 3129 2043 7572 7265 6e74 2069 6d70 6c65 1) Current imple\n-00037220: 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2063 7279 mentation of cry\n-00037230: 7074 7365 7475 7020 7375 7070 6f72 7473 ptsetup supports\n-00037240: 206f 6e6c 790a 3531 322f 3130 3234 2f32 only.512/1024/2\n-00037250: 3034 382f 3430 3936 2062 7974 6520 7365 048/4096 byte se\n-00037260: 6374 6f72 730a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ctors....File: g\n-00037270: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00037280: 2070 6c61 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7072 play, Next: pr\n-00037290: 6f62 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 706c 6169 obe, Prev: plai\n-000372a0: 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d nmount, Up: Com\n-000372b0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-000372c0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3720 706c 6179 ds..17.4.57 play\n-000372d0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 .------------.. \n-000372e0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 706c 6179 -- Command: play\n-000372f0: 2066 696c 6520 7c20 7465 6d70 6f20 5b70 file | tempo [p\n-00037300: 6974 6368 3120 6475 7261 7469 6f6e 315d itch1 duration1]\n-00037310: 205b 7069 7463 6832 2064 7572 6174 696f [pitch2 duratio\n-00037320: 6e32 5d20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2050 6c61 n2] .... Pla\n-00037330: 7973 2061 2074 756e 650a 0a20 2020 2020 ys a tune.. \n-00037340: 4966 2074 6865 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 If the argument \n-00037350: 6973 2061 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2028 is a file name (\n-00037360: 2a6e 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 *note File name \n-00037370: 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c 2070 6c61 7920 syntax::), play \n-00037380: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2074 756e 6520 7265 the. tune re\n-00037390: 636f 7264 6564 2069 6e20 6974 2e20 2054 corded in it. T\n-000373a0: 6865 2066 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 2069 he file format i\n-000373b0: 7320 6669 7273 7420 7468 6520 7465 6d70 s first the temp\n-000373c0: 6f20 6173 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2075 6e73 o as an. uns\n-000373d0: 6967 6e65 6420 3332 6269 7420 6c69 7474 igned 32bit litt\n-000373e0: 6c65 2d65 6e64 6961 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 le-endian number\n-000373f0: 2c20 7468 656e 2070 6169 7273 206f 6620 , then pairs of \n-00037400: 756e 7369 676e 6564 2031 3662 6974 0a20 unsigned 16bit. \n-00037410: 2020 2020 6c69 7474 6c65 2d65 6e64 6961 little-endia\n-00037420: 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 666f 7220 7069 n numbers for pi\n-00037430: 7463 6820 616e 6420 6475 7261 7469 6f6e tch and duration\n-00037440: 2070 6169 7273 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 pairs... If\n-00037450: 2074 6865 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2061 the arguments a\n-00037460: 7265 2061 2073 6572 6965 7320 6f66 206e re a series of n\n-00037470: 756d 6265 7273 2c20 706c 6179 2074 6865 umbers, play the\n-00037480: 2069 6e6c 696e 6520 7475 6e65 2e0a 0a20 inline tune... \n-00037490: 2020 2020 5468 6520 7465 6d70 6f20 6973 The tempo is\n-000374a0: 2074 6865 2062 6173 6520 666f 7220 616c the base for al\n-000374b0: 6c20 6e6f 7465 2064 7572 6174 696f 6e73 l note durations\n-000374c0: 2e20 2036 3020 6769 7665 7320 6120 312d . 60 gives a 1-\n-000374d0: 7365 636f 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6261 7365 second. base\n-000374e0: 2c20 3132 3020 6769 7665 7320 6120 6861 , 120 gives a ha\n-000374f0: 6c66 2d73 6563 6f6e 6420 6261 7365 2c20 lf-second base, \n-00037500: 6574 632e 2020 5069 7463 6865 7320 6172 etc. Pitches ar\n-00037510: 6520 487a 2e20 2053 6574 0a20 2020 2020 e Hz. Set. \n-00037520: 7069 7463 6820 746f 2030 2074 6f20 7072 pitch to 0 to pr\n-00037530: 6f64 7563 6520 6120 7265 7374 2e0a 0a1f oduce a rest....\n-00037540: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00037550: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 726f 6265 2c20 , Node: probe, \n-00037560: 204e 6578 743a 2072 646d 7372 2c20 2050 Next: rdmsr, P\n-00037570: 7265 763a 2070 6c61 792c 2020 5570 3a20 rev: play, Up: \n-00037580: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-00037590: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3538 2070 mands..17.4.58 p\n-000375a0: 726f 6265 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d robe.-----------\n-000375b0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-000375c0: 2070 726f 6265 205b 2d2d 7365 7420 7661 probe [--set va\n-000375d0: 725d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d 2d64 r]. --d\n-000375e0: 7269 7665 727c 2d2d 7061 7274 6d61 707c river|--partmap|\n-000375f0: 2d2d 6673 7c2d 2d66 732d 7575 6964 7c2d --fs|--fs-uuid|-\n-00037600: 2d6c 6162 656c 7c2d 2d70 6172 742d 7575 -label|--part-uu\n-00037610: 6964 2064 6576 6963 650a 2020 2020 2052 id device. R\n-00037620: 6574 7269 6576 6520 6465 7669 6365 2069 etrieve device i\n-00037630: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 6620 nformation. If \n-00037640: 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 7365 74e2 option ...--set.\n-00037650: 8099 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2061 7373 .. is given, ass\n-00037660: 6967 6e0a 2020 2020 2072 6573 756c 7420 ign. result \n-00037670: 746f 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 5641 522c to variable VAR,\n-00037680: 206f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2070 7269 6e74 otherwise print\n-00037690: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 information on \n-000376a0: 7468 6520 7363 7265 656e 2e0a 0a20 2020 the screen... \n-000376b0: 2020 5468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 The option ...\n-000376c0: 2d2d 7061 7274 2d75 7569 64e2 8099 2069 --part-uuid... i\n-000376d0: 7320 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6f6e 6c79 s currently only\n-000376e0: 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 2066 6f72 implemented for\n-000376f0: 204d 5344 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 MSDOS. and \n-00037700: 4750 5420 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 6469 GPT formatted di\n-00037710: 736b 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 sks.....File: gr\n-00037720: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00037730: 7264 6d73 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7265 rdmsr, Next: re\n-00037740: 6164 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 726f 6265 ad, Prev: probe\n-00037750: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-00037760: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-00037770: 2e34 2e35 3920 7264 6d73 720a 2d2d 2d2d .4.59 rdmsr.----\n-00037780: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-00037790: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a3a 2072 646d 7372 2030 ommand:: rdmsr 0\n-000377a0: 7841 4444 5220 5b2d 7620 5641 524e 414d xADDR [-v VARNAM\n-000377b0: 455d 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6164 2061 206d E]. Read a m\n-000377c0: 6f64 656c 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 7265 odel-specific re\n-000377d0: 6769 7374 6572 2061 7420 6164 6472 6573 gister at addres\n-000377e0: 7320 3078 4144 4452 2e20 4966 2074 6865 s 0xADDR. If the\n-000377f0: 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 0a20 2020 2020 parameter. \n-00037800: e280 982d 76e2 8099 2069 7320 7573 6564 ...-v... is used\n-00037810: 2061 6e64 2061 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d and an environm\n-00037820: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2056 4152 ent variable VAR\n-00037830: 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2073 NAME is given, s\n-00037840: 6574 2074 6861 740a 2020 2020 2065 6e76 et that. env\n-00037850: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00037860: 6520 746f 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 2074 e to the value t\n-00037870: 6861 7420 7761 7320 7265 6164 2e0a 0a20 hat was read... \n-00037880: 2020 2020 506c 6561 7365 206e 6f74 6520 Please note \n-00037890: 7468 6174 206f 6e20 534d 5020 7379 7374 that on SMP syst\n-000378a0: 656d 732c 2072 6561 6469 6e67 2066 726f ems, reading fro\n-000378b0: 6d20 6120 4d53 5220 7468 6174 2068 6173 m a MSR that has\n-000378c0: 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7363 6f70 6520 7065 a. scope pe\n-000378d0: 7220 6861 7264 7761 7265 2074 6872 6561 r hardware threa\n-000378e0: 642c 2069 6d70 6c69 6573 2074 6861 7420 d, implies that \n-000378f0: 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 7468 6174 2069 the value that i\n-00037900: 7320 7265 7475 726e 6564 0a20 2020 2020 s returned. \n-00037910: 6f6e 6c79 2061 7070 6c69 6573 2074 6f20 only applies to \n-00037920: 7468 6520 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 2063 the particular c\n-00037930: 7075 2f63 6f72 652f 7468 7265 6164 2074 pu/core/thread t\n-00037940: 6861 7420 7275 6e73 2074 6865 0a20 2020 hat runs the. \n-00037950: 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 command... \n-00037960: 2041 6c73 6f2c 2069 6620 796f 7520 7370 Also, if you sp\n-00037970: 6563 6966 7920 6120 7265 7365 7276 6564 ecify a reserved\n-00037980: 206f 7220 756e 696d 706c 656d 656e 7465 or unimplemente\n-00037990: 6420 4d53 5220 6164 6472 6573 732c 2069 d MSR address, i\n-000379a0: 740a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6361 7573 t. will caus\n-000379b0: 6520 6120 6765 6e65 7261 6c20 7072 6f74 e a general prot\n-000379c0: 6563 7469 6f6e 2065 7863 6570 7469 6f6e ection exception\n-000379d0: 2028 7768 6963 6820 6973 206e 6f74 2063 (which is not c\n-000379e0: 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 6265 urrently. be\n-000379f0: 696e 6720 6861 6e64 6c65 6429 2061 6e64 ing handled) and\n-00037a00: 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7769 6c6c the system will\n-00037a10: 2072 6562 6f6f 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 reboot.....File\n-00037a20: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00037a30: 6465 3a20 7265 6164 2c20 204e 6578 743a de: read, Next:\n-00037a40: 2072 6562 6f6f 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 reboot, Prev: \n-00037a50: 7264 6d73 722c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d rdmsr, Up: Comm\n-00037a60: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n-00037a70: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3630 2072 6561 640a s..17.4.60 read.\n-00037a80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-00037a90: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2072 6561 6420 - Command: read \n-00037aa0: 5b2d 735d 205b 7661 725d 0a20 2020 2020 [-s] [var]. \n-00037ab0: 5265 6164 2061 206c 696e 6520 6f66 2069 Read a line of i\n-00037ac0: 6e70 7574 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 7573 nput from the us\n-00037ad0: 6572 2e20 2049 6620 616e 2065 6e76 6972 er. If an envir\n-00037ae0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 onment variable \n-00037af0: 5641 520a 2020 2020 2069 7320 6769 7665 VAR. is give\n-00037b00: 6e2c 2073 6574 2074 6861 7420 656e 7669 n, set that envi\n-00037b10: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-00037b20: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 206f 6620 to the line of \n-00037b30: 696e 7075 7420 7468 6174 0a20 2020 2020 input that. \n-00037b40: 7761 7320 7265 6164 2c20 7769 7468 206e was read, with n\n-00037b50: 6f20 7465 726d 696e 6174 696e 6720 6e65 o terminating ne\n-00037b60: 776c 696e 652e 2020 4966 2074 6865 2070 wline. If the p\n-00037b70: 6172 616d 6574 6572 20e2 8098 2d73 e280 arameter ...-s..\n-00037b80: 9920 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6564 2c20 . is. used, \n-00037b90: 656e 6162 6c65 2073 696c 656e 7420 6d6f enable silent mo\n-00037ba0: 6465 2077 6865 7265 2069 6e70 7574 2069 de where input i\n-00037bb0: 7320 6e6f 7420 7072 696e 7465 6420 746f s not printed to\n-00037bc0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e the. termin\n-00037bd0: 616c 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 al.....File: gru\n-00037be0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2072 b.info, Node: r\n-00037bf0: 6562 6f6f 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7265 eboot, Next: re\n-00037c00: 6765 7870 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 6561 gexp, Prev: rea\n-00037c10: 642c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d d, Up: Command-\n-00037c20: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n-00037c30: 372e 342e 3631 2072 6562 6f6f 740a 2d2d 7.4.61 reboot.--\n-00037c40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-00037c50: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2072 6562 6f6f - Command: reboo\n-00037c60: 740a 2020 2020 2052 6562 6f6f 7420 7468 t. Reboot th\n-00037c70: 6520 636f 6d70 7574 6572 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 e computer.....F\n-00037c80: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00037c90: 204e 6f64 653a 2072 6567 6578 702c 2020 Node: regexp, \n-00037ca0: 4e65 7874 3a20 726d 6d6f 642c 2020 5072 Next: rmmod, Pr\n-00037cb0: 6576 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 2055 703a ev: reboot, Up:\n-00037cc0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-00037cd0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3220 mmands..17.4.62 \n-00037ce0: 7265 6765 7870 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d regexp.---------\n-00037cf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-00037d00: 6e64 3a20 7265 6765 7870 205b 2d2d 7365 nd: regexp [--se\n-00037d10: 7420 5b6e 756d 6265 723a 5d76 6172 5d20 t [number:]var] \n-00037d20: 7265 6765 7870 2073 7472 696e 670a 2020 regexp string. \n-00037d30: 2020 2054 6573 7420 6966 2072 6567 756c Test if regul\n-00037d40: 6172 2065 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e20 5245 ar expression RE\n-00037d50: 4745 5850 206d 6174 6368 6573 2053 5452 GEXP matches STR\n-00037d60: 494e 472e 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7465 640a ING. Supported.\n-00037d70: 2020 2020 2072 6567 756c 6172 2065 7870 regular exp\n-00037d80: 7265 7373 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2050 4f53 ressions are POS\n-00037d90: 4958 2e32 2045 7874 656e 6465 6420 5265 IX.2 Extended Re\n-00037da0: 6775 6c61 7220 4578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e gular Expression\n-00037db0: 732e 2020 4966 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 7469 s. If. opti\n-00037dc0: 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 7365 74e2 8099 2069 on ...--set... i\n-00037dd0: 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2073 746f 7265 204e s given, store N\n-00037de0: 554d 4245 5274 6820 6d61 7463 6865 6420 UMBERth matched \n-00037df0: 7375 6265 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e20 696e subexpression in\n-00037e00: 0a20 2020 2020 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2056 . variable V\n-00037e10: 4152 2e20 2053 7562 6578 7072 6573 7369 AR. Subexpressi\n-00037e20: 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 6564 ons are numbered\n-00037e30: 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 2074 6865 in order of the\n-00037e40: 6972 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 656e 696e 6720 ir. opening \n-00037e50: 7061 7265 6e74 6865 7365 7320 7374 6172 parentheses star\n-00037e60: 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 e280 9831 e280 ting from ...1..\n-00037e70: 992e 2020 4e55 4d42 4552 2064 6566 6175 .. NUMBER defau\n-00037e80: 6c74 7320 746f 20e2 8098 31e2 8099 2e0a lts to ...1.....\n-00037e90: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00037ea0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2072 6d6d 6f64 fo, Node: rmmod\n-00037eb0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6176 655f 656e , Next: save_en\n-00037ec0: 762c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7265 6765 7870 v, Prev: regexp\n-00037ed0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-00037ee0: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-00037ef0: 2e34 2e36 3320 726d 6d6f 640a 2d2d 2d2d .4.63 rmmod.----\n-00037f00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-00037f10: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 726d 6d6f 6420 6d6f ommand: rmmod mo\n-00037f20: 6475 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 dule. Remove\n-00037f30: 2061 206c 6f61 6465 6420 4d4f 4455 4c45 a loaded MODULE\n-00037f40: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00037f50: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6176 info, Node: sav\n-00037f60: 655f 656e 762c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7365 e_env, Next: se\n-00037f70: 6172 6368 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 6d6d arch, Prev: rmm\n-00037f80: 6f64 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 od, Up: Command\n-00037f90: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-00037fa0: 3137 2e34 2e36 3420 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 17.4.64 save_env\n-00037fb0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-00037fc0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-00037fd0: 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 205b 2d2d 6669 6c65 save_env [--file\n-00037fe0: 2066 696c 655d 2076 6172 202e 2e2e 0a20 file] var .... \n-00037ff0: 2020 2020 5361 7665 2074 6865 206e 616d Save the nam\n-00038000: 6564 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2066 726f ed variables fro\n-00038010: 6d20 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e m the environmen\n-00038020: 7420 746f 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e t to the environ\n-00038030: 6d65 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 626c 6f63 6b20 ment. block \n-00038040: 6669 6c65 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2045 6e76 file. *Note Env\n-00038050: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a ironment block::\n-00038060: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d ... The ...-\n-00038070: 2d66 696c 65e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 -file... option \n-00038080: 6f76 6572 7269 6465 7320 7468 6520 6465 overrides the de\n-00038090: 6661 756c 7420 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f fault location o\n-000380a0: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2065 6e76 6972 f the. envir\n-000380b0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2e0a 0a20 onment block... \n-000380c0: 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 This command\n-000380d0: 2077 696c 6c20 6f70 6572 6174 6520 7375 will operate su\n-000380e0: 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2065 7665 6e20 ccessfully even \n-000380f0: 7768 656e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 when environment\n-00038100: 0a20 2020 2020 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 . variable .\n-00038110: 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 ..check_signatur\n-00038120: 6573 e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 es... is set to \n-00038130: e280 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 9920 282a ...enforce... (*\n-00038140: 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 6368 6563 6b5f note. check_\n-00038150: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 292c 2073 signatures::), s\n-00038160: 696e 6365 2069 7420 7772 6974 6573 2074 ince it writes t\n-00038170: 6f20 6469 736b 2061 6e64 2064 6f65 7320 o disk and does \n-00038180: 6e6f 7420 616c 7465 7220 7468 650a 2020 not alter the. \n-00038190: 2020 2062 6568 6176 696f 7220 6f66 2047 behavior of G\n-000381a0: 5255 4220 6261 7365 6420 6f6e 2061 6e79 RUB based on any\n-000381b0: 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2064 6973 contents of dis\n-000381c0: 6b20 7468 6174 2068 6176 6520 6265 656e k that have been\n-000381d0: 2072 6561 642e 0a20 2020 2020 4974 2069 read.. It i\n-000381e0: 7320 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 6d6f s possible to mo\n-000381f0: 6469 6679 2061 2064 6967 6974 616c 6c79 dify a digitally\n-00038200: 2073 6967 6e65 6420 656e 7669 726f 6e6d signed environm\n-00038210: 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b20 6669 6c65 0a20 ent block file. \n-00038220: 2020 2020 6672 6f6d 2077 6974 6869 6e20 from within \n-00038230: 4752 5542 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6869 7320 GRUB using this \n-00038240: 636f 6d6d 616e 642c 2073 7563 6820 7468 command, such th\n-00038250: 6174 2069 7473 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 at its signature\n-00038260: 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 206e 6f20 6c6f will. no lo\n-00038270: 6e67 6572 2062 6520 7661 6c69 6420 6f6e nger be valid on\n-00038280: 2073 7562 7365 7175 656e 7420 626f 6f74 subsequent boot\n-00038290: 732e 2020 4361 7265 2073 686f 756c 6420 s. Care should \n-000382a0: 6265 2074 616b 656e 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 be taken in. \n-000382b0: 2073 7563 6820 6164 7661 6e63 6564 2063 such advanced c\n-000382c0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 7320 746f onfigurations to\n-000382d0: 2061 766f 6964 2072 656e 6465 7269 6e67 avoid rendering\n-000382e0: 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 the system. \n-000382f0: 2075 6e62 6f6f 7461 626c 652e 2020 2a4e unbootable. *N\n-00038300: 6f74 6520 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 ote Using digita\n-00038310: 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 l signatures::, \n-00038320: 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 0a20 2020 2020 696e for more. in\n-00038330: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 formation.....Fi\n-00038340: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00038350: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7365 6172 6368 2c20 204e Node: search, N\n-00038360: 6578 743a 2073 656e 646b 6579 2c20 2050 ext: sendkey, P\n-00038370: 7265 763a 2073 6176 655f 656e 762c 2020 rev: save_env, \n-00038380: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-00038390: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-000383a0: 3635 2073 6561 7263 680a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 65 search.------\n-000383b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-000383c0: 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6561 7263 6820 5b2d mmand: search [-\n-000383d0: 2d66 696c 657c 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c7c 2d2d -file|--label|--\n-000383e0: 6673 2d75 7569 645d 205b 2d2d 7365 7420 fs-uuid] [--set \n-000383f0: 5b76 6172 5d5d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 [var]]. \n-00038400: 205b 2d2d 6e6f 2d66 6c6f 7070 797c 2d2d [--no-floppy|--\n-00038410: 6566 6964 6973 6b2d 6f6e 6c79 5d20 6e61 efidisk-only] na\n-00038420: 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6172 6368 2064 me. Search d\n-00038430: 6576 6963 6573 2062 7920 6669 6c65 2028 evices by file (\n-00038440: e280 982d 66e2 8099 2c20 e280 982d 2d66 ...-f..., ...--f\n-00038450: 696c 65e2 8099 292c 2066 696c 6573 7973 ile...), filesys\n-00038460: 7465 6d20 6c61 6265 6c20 28e2 8098 2d6c tem label (...-l\n-00038470: e280 992c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d 2d6c ...,. ...--l\n-00038480: 6162 656c e280 9929 2c20 6f72 2066 696c abel...), or fil\n-00038490: 6573 7973 7465 6d20 5555 4944 2028 e280 esystem UUID (..\n-000384a0: 982d 75e2 8099 2c20 e280 982d 2d66 732d .-u..., ...--fs-\n-000384b0: 7575 6964 e280 9929 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 uuid...)... \n-000384c0: 4966 2074 6865 2028 e280 982d 73e2 8099 If the (...-s...\n-000384d0: 2c20 e280 982d 2d73 6574 e280 9929 206f , ...--set...) o\n-000384e0: 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2075 7365 642c 2074 ption is used, t\n-000384f0: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2064 6576 6963 6520 he first device \n-00038500: 666f 756e 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7365 found is. se\n-00038510: 7420 6173 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f t as the value o\n-00038520: 6620 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 f environment va\n-00038530: 7269 6162 6c65 2056 4152 2e20 2054 6865 riable VAR. The\n-00038540: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2076 6172 6961 626c default variabl\n-00038550: 650a 2020 2020 2069 7320 e280 9872 6f6f e. is ...roo\n-00038560: 74e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 t...... The \n-00038570: 28e2 8098 2d6e e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d (...-n..., ...--\n-00038580: 6e6f 2d66 6c6f 7070 79e2 8099 2920 6f70 no-floppy...) op\n-00038590: 7469 6f6e 2070 7265 7665 6e74 7320 7365 tion prevents se\n-000385a0: 6172 6368 696e 6720 666c 6f70 7079 2064 arching floppy d\n-000385b0: 6576 6963 6573 2c0a 2020 2020 2077 6869 evices,. whi\n-000385c0: 6368 2063 616e 2062 6520 736c 6f77 2e0a ch can be slow..\n-000385d0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 28e2 8098 2d2d . The (...--\n-000385e0: 6566 6964 6973 6b2d 6f6e 6c79 e280 9929 efidisk-only...)\n-000385f0: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7072 6576 656e 7473 option prevents\n-00038600: 2073 6561 7263 6869 6e67 2061 6e79 206f searching any o\n-00038610: 7468 6572 2064 6576 6963 6573 0a20 2020 ther devices. \n-00038620: 2020 7468 656e 2045 4649 2064 6973 6b73 then EFI disks\n-00038630: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2074 7970 6963 . This is typic\n-00038640: 616c 6c79 2075 7365 6420 7768 656e 2063 ally used when c\n-00038650: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 746f 206c hainloading to l\n-00038660: 6f63 616c 0a20 2020 2020 4546 4920 7061 ocal. EFI pa\n-00038670: 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 rtition... T\n-00038680: 6865 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 2e66 696c he ...search.fil\n-00038690: 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 6561 7263 682e e..., ...search.\n-000386a0: 6673 5f6c 6162 656c e280 992c 2061 6e64 fs_label..., and\n-000386b0: 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 2e66 735f 7575 ...search.fs_uu\n-000386c0: 6964 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a20 id... commands. \n-000386d0: 2020 2020 6172 6520 616c 6961 7365 7320 are aliases \n-000386e0: 666f 7220 e280 9873 6561 7263 6820 2d2d for ...search --\n-000386f0: 6669 6c65 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7365 6172 file..., ...sear\n-00038700: 6368 202d 2d6c 6162 656c e280 992c 2061 ch --label..., a\n-00038710: 6e64 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 0a20 2020 nd ...search. \n-00038720: 2020 2d2d 6673 2d75 7569 64e2 8099 2072 --fs-uuid... r\n-00038730: 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 espectively... \n-00038740: 2020 2041 6c73 6f20 6869 6e74 7320 6173 Also hints as\n-00038750: 2074 6f20 7768 6963 6820 6465 7669 6365 to which device\n-00038760: 206d 6179 2062 6520 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 may be the most\n-00038770: 206c 696b 656c 7920 746f 2063 6f6e 7461 likely to conta\n-00038780: 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d in the. item\n-00038790: 2073 6561 7263 6865 6420 666f 7220 6d61 searched for ma\n-000387a0: 7920 6265 2067 6976 656e 2076 6961 2074 y be given via t\n-000387b0: 6865 2028 e280 982d 68e2 8099 2c20 e280 he (...-h..., ..\n-000387c0: 982d 2d68 696e 74e2 8099 2920 6f70 7469 .--hint...) opti\n-000387d0: 6f6e 2077 6974 680a 2020 2020 2061 2064 on with. a d\n-000387e0: 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2061 7320 616e evice name as an\n-000387f0: 2061 7267 756d 656e 742e 2020 4966 2074 argument. If t\n-00038800: 6865 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 656e 6473 he argument ends\n-00038810: 2077 6974 6820 6120 636f 6d6d 612c 0a20 with a comma,. \n-00038820: 2020 2020 7468 656e 2070 6172 7469 7469 then partiti\n-00038830: 6f6e 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 ons on the devic\n-00038840: 6520 6172 6520 616c 736f 2073 6561 7263 e are also searc\n-00038850: 6865 642e 2020 4675 7274 6865 726d 6f72 hed. Furthermor\n-00038860: 652c 0a20 2020 2020 706c 6174 666f 726d e,. platform\n-00038870: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 6869 6e74 7320 specific hints \n-00038880: 6d61 7920 6265 2067 6976 656e 2076 6961 may be given via\n-00038890: 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e73 0a20 2020 the options. \n-000388a0: 2020 e280 982d 2d68 696e 742d 6965 6565 ...--hint-ieee\n-000388b0: 3132 3735 e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 1275..., ...--hi\n-000388c0: 6e74 2d62 696f 73e2 8099 2c20 e280 982d nt-bios..., ...-\n-000388d0: 2d68 696e 742d 6261 7265 6d65 7461 6ce2 -hint-baremetal.\n-000388e0: 8099 2c20 e280 982d 2d68 696e 742d 6566 .., ...--hint-ef\n-000388f0: 69e2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 20e2 i...,. and .\n-00038900: 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 2d61 7263 e280 992e ..--hint-arc....\n-00038910: 2020 5768 656e 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 When specified\n-00038920: 2c20 7468 6573 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 , these options \n-00038930: 7461 6b65 2061 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 take an argument\n-00038940: 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 6f70 6572 6174 . and operat\n-00038950: 6520 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 e like ...--hint\n-00038960: e280 992c 2062 7574 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e ..., but only on\n-00038970: 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2070 the specified p\n-00038980: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 latform.....File\n-00038990: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-000389a0: 6465 3a20 7365 6e64 6b65 792c 2020 4e65 de: sendkey, Ne\n-000389b0: 7874 3a20 7365 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 xt: set, Prev: \n-000389c0: 7365 6172 6368 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d search, Up: Com\n-000389d0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-000389e0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3620 7365 6e64 ds..17.4.66 send\n-000389f0: 6b65 790a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d key.------------\n-00038a00: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-00038a10: 3a20 7365 6e64 6b65 790a 2020 2020 2020 : sendkey. \n-00038a20: 2020 2020 5b2d 2d6e 756d 7c2d 2d63 6170 [--num|--cap\n-00038a30: 737c 2d2d 7363 726f 6c6c 7c2d 2d69 6e73 s|--scroll|--ins\n-00038a40: 6572 747c 2d2d 7061 7573 657c 2d2d 6c65 ert|--pause|--le\n-00038a50: 6674 2d73 6869 6674 7c2d 2d72 6967 6874 ft-shift|--right\n-00038a60: 2d73 6869 6674 7c2d 2d73 7973 7271 7c2d -shift|--sysrq|-\n-00038a70: 2d6e 756d 6b65 797c 2d2d 6361 7073 6b65 -numkey|--capske\n-00038a80: 797c 2d2d 7363 726f 6c6c 6b65 797c 2d2d y|--scrollkey|--\n-00038a90: 696e 7365 7274 6b65 797c 2d2d 6c65 6674 insertkey|--left\n-00038aa0: 2d61 6c74 7c2d 2d72 6967 6874 2d61 6c74 -alt|--right-alt\n-00038ab0: 7c2d 2d6c 6566 742d 6374 726c 7c2d 2d72 |--left-ctrl|--r\n-00038ac0: 6967 6874 2d63 7472 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 ight-ctrl. \n-00038ad0: 2020 2020 6f6e 7c6f 6666 5d2e 2e2e 205b on|off]... [\n-00038ae0: 6e6f 2d6c 6564 5d20 6b65 7973 7472 6f6b no-led] keystrok\n-00038af0: 650a 2020 2020 2049 6e73 6572 7420 6b65 e. Insert ke\n-00038b00: 7973 7472 6f6b 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 ystrokes into th\n-00038b10: 6520 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2062 7566 6665 e keyboard buffe\n-00038b20: 7220 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2e20 r when booting. \n-00038b30: 2053 6f6d 6574 696d 6573 0a20 2020 2020 Sometimes. \n-00038b40: 616e 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 an operating sys\n-00038b50: 7465 6d20 6f72 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 tem or chainload\n-00038b60: 6564 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2072 ed boot loader r\n-00038b70: 6571 7569 7265 7320 7061 7274 6963 756c equires particul\n-00038b80: 6172 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 7973 2074 6f20 ar. keys to \n-00038b90: 6265 2070 7265 7373 6564 3a20 666f 7220 be pressed: for \n-00038ba0: 6578 616d 706c 652c 206f 6e65 206d 6967 example, one mig\n-00038bb0: 6874 206e 6565 6420 746f 2070 7265 7373 ht need to press\n-00038bc0: 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 6963 756c a. particul\n-00038bd0: 6172 206b 6579 2074 6f20 656e 7465 7220 ar key to enter \n-00038be0: 2273 6166 6520 6d6f 6465 222c 206f 7220 \"safe mode\", or \n-00038bf0: 7768 656e 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 696e when chainloadin\n-00038c00: 6720 616e 6f74 6865 720a 2020 2020 2062 g another. b\n-00038c10: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 206f 6e65 206d oot loader one m\n-00038c20: 6967 6874 2073 656e 6420 6b65 7973 7472 ight send keystr\n-00038c30: 6f6b 6573 2074 6f20 6974 2074 6f20 6e61 okes to it to na\n-00038c40: 7669 6761 7465 2069 7473 206d 656e 752e vigate its menu.\n-00038c50: 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 653a 2054 6869 .. Note: Thi\n-00038c60: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2063 7572 s command is cur\n-00038c70: 7265 6e74 6c79 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 rently only avai\n-00038c80: 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2074 6865 2069 3338 lable on the i38\n-00038c90: 362d 7063 0a20 2020 2020 7461 7267 6574 6-pc. target\n-00038ca0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 596f 7520 6d61 7920 ... You may \n-00038cb0: 7072 6f76 6964 6520 7570 2074 6f20 3136 provide up to 16\n-00038cc0: 206b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 7320 2874 6865 keystrokes (the\n-00038cd0: 206c 656e 6774 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2042 length of the B\n-00038ce0: 494f 530a 2020 2020 206b 6579 626f 6172 IOS. keyboar\n-00038cf0: 6420 6275 6666 6572 292e 2020 4b65 7973 d buffer). Keys\n-00038d00: 7472 6f6b 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6d61 7920 troke names may \n-00038d10: 6265 2075 7070 6572 2d63 6173 6520 6f72 be upper-case or\n-00038d20: 206c 6f77 6572 2d63 6173 650a 2020 2020 lower-case. \n-00038d30: 206c 6574 7465 7273 2c20 6469 6769 7473 letters, digits\n-00038d40: 2c20 6f72 2074 616b 656e 2066 726f 6d20 , or taken from \n-00038d50: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7461 the following ta\n-00038d60: 626c 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 616d 6520 ble:.. Name \n+0002dc00: 2020 2057 7269 7465 2076 616c 7565 7320 Write values \n+0002dc10: 746f 206d 6f64 656c 2d73 7065 6369 6669 to model-specifi\n+0002dc20: 6320 7265 6769 7374 6572 730a 0a1f 0a46 c registers....F\n+0002dc30: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0002dc40: 204e 6f64 653a 205b 2c20 204e 6578 743a Node: [, Next:\n+0002dc50: 2061 6370 692c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d acpi, Up: Comm\n+0002dc60: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+0002dc70: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3120 5b0a 2d2d 2d2d s..17.4.1 [.----\n+0002dc80: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+0002dc90: 643a 205b 2065 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e20 d: [ expression \n+0002dca0: 5d0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 ]. Alias for\n+0002dcb0: 20e2 8098 7465 7374 2045 5850 5245 5353 ...test EXPRESS\n+0002dcc0: 494f 4ee2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7465 ION... (*note te\n+0002dcd0: 7374 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 st::).....File: \n+0002dce0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0002dcf0: 3a20 6163 7069 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2061 : acpi, Next: a\n+0002dd00: 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 652c 2020 5072 uthenticate, Pr\n+0002dd10: 6576 3a20 5b2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d ev: [, Up: Comm\n+0002dd20: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+0002dd30: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3220 6163 7069 0a2d s..17.4.2 acpi.-\n+0002dd40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+0002dd50: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2061 6370 6920 5b2d Command: acpi [-\n+0002dd60: 317c 2d32 5d20 5b2d 2d65 7863 6c75 6465 1|-2] [--exclude\n+0002dd70: 3d74 6162 6c65 312c 2e2e 2e7c 2d2d 6c6f =table1,...|--lo\n+0002dd80: 6164 2d6f 6e6c 793d 7461 626c 6531 2c2e ad-only=table1,.\n+0002dd90: 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d ..]. [-\n+0002dda0: 2d6f 656d 6964 3d69 645d 205b 2d2d 6f65 -oemid=id] [--oe\n+0002ddb0: 6d74 6162 6c65 3d74 6162 6c65 5d20 5b2d mtable=table] [-\n+0002ddc0: 2d6f 656d 7461 626c 6572 6576 3d72 6576 -oemtablerev=rev\n+0002ddd0: 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d6f ]. [--o\n+0002dde0: 656d 7461 626c 6563 7265 6174 6f72 3d63 emtablecreator=c\n+0002ddf0: 7265 6174 6f72 5d20 5b2d 2d6f 656d 7461 reator] [--oemta\n+0002de00: 626c 6563 7265 6174 6f72 7265 763d 7265 blecreatorrev=re\n+0002de10: 765d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d v]. [--\n+0002de20: 6e6f 2d65 6264 615d 2066 696c 656e 616d no-ebda] filenam\n+0002de30: 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204d 6f64 6572 e .... Moder\n+0002de40: 6e20 4249 4f53 2073 7973 7465 6d73 206e n BIOS systems n\n+0002de50: 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 696d 706c 656d 656e ormally implemen\n+0002de60: 7420 7468 6520 4164 7661 6e63 6564 2043 t the Advanced C\n+0002de70: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 onfiguration. \n+0002de80: 2020 616e 6420 506f 7765 7220 496e 7465 and Power Inte\n+0002de90: 7266 6163 6520 2841 4350 4929 2c20 616e rface (ACPI), an\n+0002dea0: 6420 6465 6669 6e65 2076 6172 696f 7573 d define various\n+0002deb0: 2074 6162 6c65 7320 7468 6174 2064 6573 tables that des\n+0002dec0: 6372 6962 650a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2069 cribe. the i\n+0002ded0: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2062 6574 7765 656e nterface between\n+0002dee0: 2061 6e20 4143 5049 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 an ACPI-complia\n+0002def0: 6e74 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 nt operating sys\n+0002df00: 7465 6d20 616e 6420 7468 650a 2020 2020 tem and the. \n+0002df10: 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e 2020 496e 2073 firmware. In s\n+0002df20: 6f6d 6520 6361 7365 732c 2074 6865 2074 ome cases, the t\n+0002df30: 6162 6c65 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 ables provided b\n+0002df40: 7920 6465 6661 756c 7420 6f6e 6c79 2077 y default only w\n+0002df50: 6f72 6b0a 2020 2020 2077 656c 6c20 7769 ork. well wi\n+0002df60: 7468 2063 6572 7461 696e 206f 7065 7261 th certain opera\n+0002df70: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 616e ting systems, an\n+0002df80: 6420 6974 206d 6179 2062 6520 6e65 6365 d it may be nece\n+0002df90: 7373 6172 7920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7265 ssary to. re\n+0002dfa0: 706c 6163 6520 736f 6d65 206f 6620 7468 place some of th\n+0002dfb0: 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 726d 616c em... Normal\n+0002dfc0: 6c79 2c20 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ly, this command\n+0002dfd0: 2077 696c 6c20 7265 706c 6163 6520 7468 will replace th\n+0002dfe0: 6520 526f 6f74 2053 7973 7465 6d20 4465 e Root System De\n+0002dff0: 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2050 scription. P\n+0002e000: 6f69 6e74 6572 2028 5253 4450 2920 696e ointer (RSDP) in\n+0002e010: 2074 6865 2045 7874 656e 6465 6420 4249 the Extended BI\n+0002e020: 4f53 2044 6174 6120 4172 6561 2074 6f20 OS Data Area to \n+0002e030: 706f 696e 7420 746f 2074 6865 206e 6577 point to the new\n+0002e040: 0a20 2020 2020 7461 626c 6573 2e20 2049 . tables. I\n+0002e050: 6620 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d6e 6f2d 6562 f the ...--no-eb\n+0002e060: 6461 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 da... option is \n+0002e070: 7573 6564 2c20 7468 6520 6e65 7720 7461 used, the new ta\n+0002e080: 626c 6573 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 bles will be. \n+0002e090: 2020 6b6e 6f77 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2074 6f20 known only to \n+0002e0a0: 4752 5542 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 6265 GRUB, but may be\n+0002e0b0: 2075 7365 6420 6279 2047 5255 4227 7320 used by GRUB's \n+0002e0c0: 4546 4920 656d 756c 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a EFI emulation...\n+0002e0d0: 2020 2020 204e 6f74 653a 2054 6865 2063 Note: The c\n+0002e0e0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 616c ommand is not al\n+0002e0f0: 6c6f 7765 6420 7768 656e 206c 6f63 6b64 lowed when lockd\n+0002e100: 6f77 6e20 6973 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 6420 own is enforced \n+0002e110: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 636b (*note. Lock\n+0002e120: 646f 776e 3a3a 292e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 down::). Otherw\n+0002e130: 6973 6520 616e 2061 7474 6163 6b65 7220 ise an attacker \n+0002e140: 6361 6e20 696e 7374 7275 6374 2074 6865 can instruct the\n+0002e150: 2047 5255 4220 746f 206c 6f61 640a 2020 GRUB to load. \n+0002e160: 2020 2061 6e20 5353 4454 2074 6162 6c65 an SSDT table\n+0002e170: 2074 6f20 6f76 6572 7772 6974 6520 7468 to overwrite th\n+0002e180: 6520 6b65 726e 656c 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 e kernel lockdow\n+0002e190: 6e20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 n configuration \n+0002e1a0: 616e 640a 2020 2020 206c 6174 6572 206c and. later l\n+0002e1b0: 6f61 6420 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 6520 oad and execute \n+0002e1c0: 756e 7369 676e 6564 2063 6f64 652e 0a0a unsigned code...\n+0002e1d0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0002e1e0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6175 7468 656e o, Node: authen\n+0002e1f0: 7469 6361 7465 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2062 ticate, Next: b\n+0002e200: 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 636f 6c6f 722c ackground_color,\n+0002e210: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6163 7069 2c20 2055 Prev: acpi, U\n+0002e220: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+0002e230: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 commands..17.4.3\n+0002e240: 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 650a 2d2d authenticate.--\n+0002e250: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0002e260: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+0002e270: 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7465 205b 7573 authenticate [us\n+0002e280: 6572 6c69 7374 5d0a 2020 2020 2043 6865 erlist]. Che\n+0002e290: 636b 2077 6865 7468 6572 2075 7365 7220 ck whether user \n+0002e2a0: 6973 2069 6e20 5553 4552 4c49 5354 206f is in USERLIST o\n+0002e2b0: 7220 6c69 7374 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 r listed in the \n+0002e2c0: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7661 value of. va\n+0002e2d0: 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 7375 7065 7275 riable ...superu\n+0002e2e0: 7365 7273 e280 992e 2020 5365 6520 2a6e sers.... See *n\n+0002e2f0: 6f74 6520 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 3a3a ote superusers::\n+0002e300: 2066 6f72 2076 616c 6964 2075 7365 7220 for valid user \n+0002e310: 6c69 7374 0a20 2020 2020 666f 726d 6174 list. format\n+0002e320: 2e20 2049 6620 e280 9873 7570 6572 7573 . If ...superus\n+0002e330: 6572 73e2 8099 2069 7320 656d 7074 792c ers... is empty,\n+0002e340: 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7265 this command re\n+0002e350: 7475 726e 7320 7472 7565 2e0a 2020 2020 turns true.. \n+0002e360: 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 6974 793a *Note Security:\n+0002e370: 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 :.....File: grub\n+0002e380: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6261 .info, Node: ba\n+0002e390: 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2c20 ckground_color, \n+0002e3a0: 204e 6578 743a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e Next: backgroun\n+0002e3b0: 645f 696d 6167 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 d_image, Prev: \n+0002e3c0: 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7465 2c20 2055 authenticate, U\n+0002e3d0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+0002e3e0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 commands..17.4.4\n+0002e3f0: 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 636f 6c6f background_colo\n+0002e400: 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d r.--------------\n+0002e410: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+0002e420: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 ommand: backgrou\n+0002e430: 6e64 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2063 6f6c 6f72 0a20 nd_color color. \n+0002e440: 2020 2020 5365 7420 6261 636b 6772 6f75 Set backgrou\n+0002e450: 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 2066 6f72 2061 6374 nd color for act\n+0002e460: 6976 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e20 2046 ive terminal. F\n+0002e470: 6f72 2076 616c 6964 2063 6f6c 6f72 0a20 or valid color. \n+0002e480: 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f specificatio\n+0002e490: 6e73 2073 6565 202a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6c ns see *note Col\n+0002e4a0: 6f72 733a 2054 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6520 ors: Theme file \n+0002e4b0: 666f 726d 6174 2e20 2042 6163 6b67 726f format. Backgro\n+0002e4c0: 756e 640a 2020 2020 2063 6f6c 6f72 2063 und. color c\n+0002e4d0: 616e 2062 6520 6368 616e 6765 6420 6f6e an be changed on\n+0002e4e0: 6c79 2077 6865 6e20 7573 696e 6720 e280 ly when using ..\n+0002e4f0: 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 9920 666f 7220 .gfxterm... for \n+0002e500: 7465 726d 696e 616c 206f 7574 7075 742e terminal output.\n+0002e510: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d .. This comm\n+0002e520: 616e 6420 7365 7473 2063 6f6c 6f72 206f and sets color o\n+0002e530: 6620 656d 7074 7920 6172 6561 7320 7769 f empty areas wi\n+0002e540: 7468 6f75 7420 7465 7874 2e20 2054 6578 thout text. Tex\n+0002e550: 740a 2020 2020 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e t. backgroun\n+0002e560: 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 6973 2063 6f6e 7472 d color is contr\n+0002e570: 6f6c 6c65 6420 6279 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e olled by environ\n+0002e580: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a20 ment variables. \n+0002e590: 2020 2020 434f 4c4f 525f 4e4f 524d 414c COLOR_NORMAL\n+0002e5a0: 2c20 434f 4c4f 525f 4849 4748 4c49 4748 , COLOR_HIGHLIGH\n+0002e5b0: 542c 204d 454e 555f 434f 4c4f 525f 4e4f T, MENU_COLOR_NO\n+0002e5c0: 524d 414c 2c0a 2020 2020 204d 454e 555f RMAL,. MENU_\n+0002e5d0: 434f 4c4f 525f 4849 4748 4c49 4748 542e COLOR_HIGHLIGHT.\n+0002e5e0: 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5370 6563 6961 6c20 *Note Special \n+0002e5f0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+0002e600: 6162 6c65 733a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 ables::.....File\n+0002e610: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0002e620: 6465 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f69 de: background_i\n+0002e630: 6d61 6765 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2062 6164 mage, Next: bad\n+0002e640: 7261 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6261 636b ram, Prev: back\n+0002e650: 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2c20 2055 ground_color, U\n+0002e660: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+0002e670: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 commands..17.4.5\n+0002e680: 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 696d 6167 background_imag\n+0002e690: 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d e.--------------\n+0002e6a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+0002e6b0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 ommand: backgrou\n+0002e6c0: 6e64 5f69 6d61 6765 205b 5b2d 2d6d 6f64 nd_image [[--mod\n+0002e6d0: 6520 7374 7265 7463 687c 6e6f 726d 616c e stretch|normal\n+0002e6e0: 5d20 6669 6c65 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 ] file]. Loa\n+0002e6f0: 6420 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2069 6d61 d background ima\n+0002e700: 6765 2066 6f72 2061 6374 6976 6520 7465 ge for active te\n+0002e710: 726d 696e 616c 2066 726f 6d20 4649 4c45 rminal from FILE\n+0002e720: 2e20 2049 6d61 6765 2069 730a 2020 2020 . Image is. \n+0002e730: 2073 7472 6574 6368 6564 2074 6f20 6669 stretched to fi\n+0002e740: 6c6c 2075 7020 656e 7469 7265 2073 6372 ll up entire scr\n+0002e750: 6565 6e20 756e 6c65 7373 206f 7074 696f een unless optio\n+0002e760: 6e20 e280 982d 2d6d 6f64 65e2 8099 20e2 n ...--mode... .\n+0002e770: 8098 6e6f 726d 616c e280 990a 2020 2020 ..normal.... \n+0002e780: 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2e 2020 5769 7468 is given. With\n+0002e790: 6f75 7420 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 7265 out arguments re\n+0002e7a0: 6d6f 7665 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 206c move currently l\n+0002e7b0: 6f61 6465 6420 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 oaded background\n+0002e7c0: 0a20 2020 2020 696d 6167 652e 2020 4261 . image. Ba\n+0002e7d0: 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2069 6d61 6765 2063 ckground image c\n+0002e7e0: 616e 2062 6520 6368 616e 6765 6420 6f6e an be changed on\n+0002e7f0: 6c79 2077 6865 6e20 7573 696e 6720 e280 ly when using ..\n+0002e800: 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 990a 2020 2020 .gfxterm.... \n+0002e810: 2066 6f72 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6f75 for terminal ou\n+0002e820: 7470 7574 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tput.....File: g\n+0002e830: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0002e840: 2062 6164 7261 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 badram, Next: \n+0002e850: 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 742c 2020 5072 6576 blocklist, Prev\n+0002e860: 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f69 6d61 : background_ima\n+0002e870: 6765 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ge, Up: Command\n+0002e880: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+0002e890: 3137 2e34 2e36 2062 6164 7261 6d0a 2d2d 17.4.6 badram.--\n+0002e8a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+0002e8b0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6261 6472 616d Command: badram\n+0002e8c0: 2061 6464 722c 6d61 736b 5b2c 6164 6472 addr,mask[,addr\n+0002e8d0: 2c6d 6173 6b2e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 2046 ,mask...]. F\n+0002e8e0: 696c 7465 7220 6f75 7420 6261 6420 5241 ilter out bad RA\n+0002e8f0: 4d2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 636f M... This co\n+0002e900: 6d6d 616e 6420 6e6f 7469 6669 6573 2074 mmand notifies t\n+0002e910: 6865 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 6e61 6765 he memory manage\n+0002e920: 7220 7468 6174 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 r that specified\n+0002e930: 2072 6567 696f 6e73 206f 660a 2020 2020 regions of. \n+0002e940: 2052 414d 206f 7567 6874 2074 6f20 6265 RAM ought to be\n+0002e950: 2066 696c 7465 7265 6420 6f75 7420 2875 filtered out (u\n+0002e960: 7375 616c 6c79 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 sually, because \n+0002e970: 7468 6579 2772 6520 6461 6d61 6765 6429 they're damaged)\n+0002e980: 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 7265 6d61 .. This rema\n+0002e990: 696e 7320 696e 2065 6666 6563 7420 6166 ins in effect af\n+0002e9a0: 7465 7220 6120 7061 796c 6f61 6420 6b65 ter a payload ke\n+0002e9b0: 726e 656c 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e20 6c6f rnel has been lo\n+0002e9c0: 6164 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 2047 5255 aded by. GRU\n+0002e9d0: 422c 2061 7320 6c6f 6e67 2061 7320 7468 B, as long as th\n+0002e9e0: 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 e loaded kernel \n+0002e9f0: 6f62 7461 696e 7320 6974 7320 6d65 6d6f obtains its memo\n+0002ea00: 7279 206d 6170 2066 726f 6d0a 2020 2020 ry map from. \n+0002ea10: 2047 5255 422e 2020 4b65 726e 656c 7320 GRUB. Kernels \n+0002ea20: 7468 6174 2073 7570 706f 7274 2074 6869 that support thi\n+0002ea30: 7320 696e 636c 7564 6520 4c69 6e75 782c s include Linux,\n+0002ea40: 2047 4e55 204d 6163 682c 2074 6865 0a20 GNU Mach, the. \n+0002ea50: 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 206f 6620 4672 kernel of Fr\n+0002ea60: 6565 4253 4420 616e 6420 4d75 6c74 6962 eeBSD and Multib\n+0002ea70: 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c 7320 696e 2067 oot kernels in g\n+0002ea80: 656e 6572 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5379 eneral... Sy\n+0002ea90: 6e74 6178 2069 7320 7468 6520 7361 6d65 ntax is the same\n+0002eaa0: 2061 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 as provided by \n+0002eab0: 7468 6520 4d65 6d74 6573 7438 362b 2075 the Memtest86+ u\n+0002eac0: 7469 6c69 7479 0a20 2020 2020 2868 7474 tility. (htt\n+0002ead0: 703a 2f2f 7777 772e 6d65 6d74 6573 742e p://www.memtest.\n+0002eae0: 6f72 672f 293a 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 org/): a list of\n+0002eaf0: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2f6d 6173 6b20 7061 address/mask pa\n+0002eb00: 6972 732e 2020 4769 7665 6e20 610a 2020 irs. Given a. \n+0002eb10: 2020 2070 6167 652d 616c 6967 6e65 6420 page-aligned \n+0002eb20: 6164 6472 6573 7320 616e 6420 6120 6261 address and a ba\n+0002eb30: 7365 2061 6464 7265 7373 202f 206d 6173 se address / mas\n+0002eb40: 6b20 7061 6972 2c20 6966 2061 6c6c 2074 k pair, if all t\n+0002eb50: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6269 7473 206f 6620 he. bits of \n+0002eb60: 7468 6520 7061 6765 2d61 6c69 676e 6564 the page-aligned\n+0002eb70: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2074 6861 7420 6172 address that ar\n+0002eb80: 6520 656e 6162 6c65 6420 6279 2074 6865 e enabled by the\n+0002eb90: 206d 6173 6b20 6d61 7463 680a 2020 2020 mask match. \n+0002eba0: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6261 7365 2061 with the base a\n+0002ebb0: 6464 7265 7373 2c20 6974 206d 6561 6e73 ddress, it means\n+0002ebc0: 2074 6869 7320 7061 6765 2069 7320 746f this page is to\n+0002ebd0: 2062 6520 6669 6c74 6572 6564 2e20 2054 be filtered. T\n+0002ebe0: 6869 730a 2020 2020 2073 796e 7461 7820 his. syntax \n+0002ebf0: 6d61 6b65 7320 6974 2065 6173 7920 746f makes it easy to\n+0002ec00: 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 2070 6174 7465 represent patte\n+0002ec10: 726e 7320 7468 6174 2061 7265 206f 6674 rns that are oft\n+0002ec20: 656e 2072 6573 756c 7420 6f66 0a20 2020 en result of. \n+0002ec30: 2020 6d65 6d6f 7279 2064 616d 6167 652c memory damage,\n+0002ec40: 2064 7565 2074 6f20 7068 7973 6963 616c due to physical\n+0002ec50: 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e20 6f66 distribution of\n+0002ec60: 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6365 6c6c 732e 0a0a memory cells...\n+0002ec70: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 The command\n+0002ec80: 2069 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 20e2 is similar to .\n+0002ec90: 8098 6375 746d 656d e280 9920 636f 6d6d ..cutmem... comm\n+0002eca0: 616e 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 653a and... Note:\n+0002ecb0: 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 The command is \n+0002ecc0: 6e6f 7420 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 7768 656e not allowed when\n+0002ecd0: 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 6973 2065 6e66 lockdown is enf\n+0002ece0: 6f72 6365 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 orced (*note. \n+0002ecf0: 2020 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 3a3a 292e 2020 Lockdown::). \n+0002ed00: 5468 6973 2070 7265 7665 6e74 7320 7265 This prevents re\n+0002ed10: 6d6f 7669 6e67 2045 4649 206d 656d 6f72 moving EFI memor\n+0002ed20: 7920 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 746f 0a20 2020 y regions to. \n+0002ed30: 2020 706f 7465 6e74 6961 6c6c 7920 7375 potentially su\n+0002ed40: 6276 6572 7420 7468 6520 7365 6375 7269 bvert the securi\n+0002ed50: 7479 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d 7320 7072 ty mechanisms pr\n+0002ed60: 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 5545 ovided by the UE\n+0002ed70: 4649 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6375 7265 2062 FI. secure b\n+0002ed80: 6f6f 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 oot.....File: gr\n+0002ed90: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0002eda0: 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 742c 2020 4e65 7874 blocklist, Next\n+0002edb0: 3a20 626f 6f74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 : boot, Prev: b\n+0002edc0: 6164 7261 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d adram, Up: Comm\n+0002edd0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+0002ede0: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3720 626c 6f63 6b6c s..17.4.7 blockl\n+0002edf0: 6973 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ist.------------\n+0002ee00: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+0002ee10: 643a 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 2066 696c d: blocklist fil\n+0002ee20: 650a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2062 e. Print a b\n+0002ee30: 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 282a 6e6f 7465 lock list (*note\n+0002ee40: 2042 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 Block list synt\n+0002ee50: 6178 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 4649 4c45 2e0a ax::) for FILE..\n+0002ee60: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0002ee70: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2062 6f6f 742c fo, Node: boot,\n+0002ee80: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6361 742c 2020 5072 Next: cat, Pr\n+0002ee90: 6576 3a20 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 742c 2020 ev: blocklist, \n+0002eea0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+0002eeb0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n+0002eec0: 3820 626f 6f74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 8 boot.---------\n+0002eed0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0002eee0: 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2042 6f6f 7420 boot. Boot \n+0002eef0: 7468 6520 4f53 206f 7220 6368 6169 6e2d the OS or chain-\n+0002ef00: 6c6f 6164 6572 2077 6869 6368 2068 6173 loader which has\n+0002ef10: 2062 6565 6e20 6c6f 6164 6564 2e20 204f been loaded. O\n+0002ef20: 6e6c 7920 6e65 6365 7373 6172 790a 2020 nly necessary. \n+0002ef30: 2020 2069 6620 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 7468 if running th\n+0002ef40: 6520 6675 6c6c 7920 696e 7465 7261 6374 e fully interact\n+0002ef50: 6976 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 ive command-line\n+0002ef60: 2028 6974 2069 7320 696d 706c 6963 6974 (it is implicit\n+0002ef70: 2061 740a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2065 6e64 at. the end\n+0002ef80: 206f 6620 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 of a menu entry\n+0002ef90: 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ).....File: grub\n+0002efa0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6361 .info, Node: ca\n+0002efb0: 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636c 6561 722c t, Next: clear,\n+0002efc0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 626f 6f74 2c20 2055 Prev: boot, U\n+0002efd0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+0002efe0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e39 commands..17.4.9\n+0002eff0: 2063 6174 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a cat.----------.\n+0002f000: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6361 . -- Command: ca\n+0002f010: 7420 5b2d 2d64 6f73 5d20 6669 6c65 0a20 t [--dos] file. \n+0002f020: 2020 2020 4469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 Display the \n+0002f030: 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 7468 6520 contents of the \n+0002f040: 6669 6c65 2046 494c 452e 2020 5468 6973 file FILE. This\n+0002f050: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206d 6179 2062 6520 command may be \n+0002f060: 7573 6566 756c 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2072 useful. to r\n+0002f070: 656d 696e 6420 796f 7520 6f66 2079 6f75 emind you of you\n+0002f080: 7220 4f53 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 7061 7274 r OS's root part\n+0002f090: 6974 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ition:.. \n+0002f0a0: 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6361 7420 2f65 7463 grub> cat /etc\n+0002f0b0: 2f66 7374 6162 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 /fstab.. If \n+0002f0c0: 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d64 6f73 e280 9920 the ...--dos... \n+0002f0d0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7573 6564 2c20 option is used, \n+0002f0e0: 7468 656e 2063 6172 7269 6167 6520 7265 then carriage re\n+0002f0f0: 7475 726e 202f 206e 6577 206c 696e 650a turn / new line.\n+0002f100: 2020 2020 2070 6169 7273 2077 696c 6c20 pairs will \n+0002f110: 6265 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 2061 7320 be displayed as \n+0002f120: 6120 7369 6d70 6c65 206e 6577 206c 696e a simple new lin\n+0002f130: 652e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 2074 e. Otherwise, t\n+0002f140: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6361 7272 6961 6765 he. carriage\n+0002f150: 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 return will be \n+0002f160: 6469 7370 6c61 7965 6420 6173 2061 2063 displayed as a c\n+0002f170: 6f6e 7472 6f6c 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 ontrol character\n+0002f180: 2028 e280 983c 643e e280 9929 2074 6f0a (......) to.\n+0002f190: 2020 2020 206d 616b 6520 6974 2065 6173 make it eas\n+0002f1a0: 6965 7220 746f 2073 6565 2077 6865 6e20 ier to see when \n+0002f1b0: 626f 6f74 2070 726f 626c 656d 7320 6172 boot problems ar\n+0002f1c0: 6520 6361 7573 6564 2062 7920 6120 6669 e caused by a fi\n+0002f1d0: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 666f 726d 6174 7465 le. formatte\n+0002f1e0: 6420 7573 696e 6720 444f 532d 7374 796c d using DOS-styl\n+0002f1f0: 6520 6c69 6e65 2065 6e64 696e 6773 2e0a e line endings..\n+0002f200: 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 e280 9863 . Note: ...c\n+0002f210: 6174 e280 9920 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 at... can be use\n+0002f220: 6420 746f 2076 6965 7720 7468 6520 636f d to view the co\n+0002f230: 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 6465 7669 6365 ntents of device\n+0002f240: 7320 7573 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 2020 s using the. \n+0002f250: 2062 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 block list synt\n+0002f260: 6178 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 426c 6f63 6b20 ax (*note Block \n+0002f270: 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2e20 list syntax::). \n+0002f280: 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 6974 2069 7320 However, it is \n+0002f290: 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2061 6476 6973 6564 not. advised\n+0002f2a0: 2074 6f20 7669 6577 2062 696e 6172 7920 to view binary \n+0002f2b0: 6461 7461 2062 6563 6175 7365 2069 7420 data because it \n+0002f2c0: 7769 6c6c 2074 7279 2074 6f20 6465 636f will try to deco\n+0002f2d0: 6465 2055 5446 2d38 0a20 2020 2020 7374 de UTF-8. st\n+0002f2e0: 7269 6e67 732c 2077 6869 6368 2063 616e rings, which can\n+0002f2f0: 206c 6561 6420 746f 2073 6f6d 6520 6279 lead to some by\n+0002f300: 7465 7320 6d69 7373 696e 6720 6f72 2061 tes missing or a\n+0002f310: 6464 6564 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 dded in the. \n+0002f320: 206f 7574 7075 742e 2020 496e 7374 6561 output. Instea\n+0002f330: 642c 2075 7365 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6865 d, use the ...he\n+0002f340: 7864 756d 70e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 xdump... command\n+0002f350: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6865 7864 756d 703a (*note hexdump:\n+0002f360: 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 :).....File: gru\n+0002f370: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 b.info, Node: c\n+0002f380: 6c65 6172 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6d6f lear, Next: cmo\n+0002f390: 7363 6c65 616e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 sclean, Prev: c\n+0002f3a0: 6174 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 at, Up: Command\n+0002f3b0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+0002f3c0: 3137 2e34 2e31 3020 636c 6561 720a 2d2d 17.4.10 clear.--\n+0002f3d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+0002f3e0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 636c 6561 720a Command: clear.\n+0002f3f0: 2020 2020 2043 6c65 6172 2074 6865 2073 Clear the s\n+0002f400: 6372 6565 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 creen.....File: \n+0002f410: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0002f420: 3a20 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6e2c 2020 4e65 : cmosclean, Ne\n+0002f430: 7874 3a20 636d 6f73 6475 6d70 2c20 2050 xt: cmosdump, P\n+0002f440: 7265 763a 2063 6c65 6172 2c20 2055 703a rev: clear, Up:\n+0002f450: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+0002f460: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3120 mmands..17.4.11 \n+0002f470: 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d cmosclean.------\n+0002f480: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+0002f490: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 636d 6f73 636c Command: cmoscl\n+0002f4a0: 6561 6e20 6279 7465 3a62 6974 0a20 2020 ean byte:bit. \n+0002f4b0: 2020 436c 6561 7220 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 Clear value of\n+0002f4c0: 2062 6974 2069 6e20 434d 4f53 2061 7420 bit in CMOS at \n+0002f4d0: 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2042 5954 453a 4249 location BYTE:BI\n+0002f4e0: 542e 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 T. This command\n+0002f4f0: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 is. availab\n+0002f500: 6c65 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2070 6c61 7466 le only on platf\n+0002f510: 6f72 6d73 2074 6861 7420 7375 7070 6f72 orms that suppor\n+0002f520: 7420 434d 4f53 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a t CMOS.....File:\n+0002f530: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0002f540: 653a 2063 6d6f 7364 756d 702c 2020 4e65 e: cmosdump, Ne\n+0002f550: 7874 3a20 636d 6f73 7465 7374 2c20 2050 xt: cmostest, P\n+0002f560: 7265 763a 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 2c20 rev: cmosclean, \n+0002f570: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+0002f580: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+0002f590: 2e31 3220 636d 6f73 6475 6d70 0a2d 2d2d .12 cmosdump.---\n+0002f5a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+0002f5b0: 2d2d 2044 756d 703a 2043 4d4f 5320 636f -- Dump: CMOS co\n+0002f5c0: 6e74 656e 7473 0a20 2020 2020 4475 6d70 ntents. Dump\n+0002f5d0: 2066 756c 6c20 434d 4f53 2063 6f6e 7465 full CMOS conte\n+0002f5e0: 6e74 7320 6173 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d nts as hexadecim\n+0002f5f0: 616c 2076 616c 7565 732e 2020 5468 6973 al values. This\n+0002f600: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 730a 2020 2020 command is. \n+0002f610: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e6c 7920 available only \n+0002f620: 6f6e 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2074 6861 on platforms tha\n+0002f630: 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 434d 4f53 2e0a t support CMOS..\n+0002f640: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0002f650: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6d6f 7374 fo, Node: cmost\n+0002f660: 6573 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636d 702c est, Next: cmp,\n+0002f670: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636d 6f73 6475 6d70 Prev: cmosdump\n+0002f680: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+0002f690: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n+0002f6a0: 2e34 2e31 3320 636d 6f73 7465 7374 0a2d .4.13 cmostest.-\n+0002f6b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+0002f6c0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 636d . -- Command: cm\n+0002f6d0: 6f73 7465 7374 2062 7974 653a 6269 740a ostest byte:bit.\n+0002f6e0: 2020 2020 2054 6573 7420 7661 6c75 6520 Test value \n+0002f6f0: 6f66 2062 6974 2069 6e20 434d 4f53 2061 of bit in CMOS a\n+0002f700: 7420 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2042 5954 453a t location BYTE:\n+0002f710: 4249 542e 2020 4578 6974 2073 7461 7475 BIT. Exit statu\n+0002f720: 7320 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7a65 726f 2069 s is. zero i\n+0002f730: 6620 6269 7420 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6e6f f bit is set, no\n+0002f740: 6e20 7a65 726f 206f 7468 6572 7769 7365 n zero otherwise\n+0002f750: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 . This command \n+0002f760: 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 is available. \n+0002f770: 2020 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 706c 6174 666f only on platfo\n+0002f780: 726d 7320 7468 6174 2073 7570 706f 7274 rms that support\n+0002f790: 2043 4d4f 532e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 CMOS.....File: \n+0002f7a0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0002f7b0: 3a20 636d 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636f : cmp, Next: co\n+0002f7c0: 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 763a nfigfile, Prev:\n+0002f7d0: 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 742c 2020 5570 3a20 cmostest, Up: \n+0002f7e0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+0002f7f0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3134 2063 mands..17.4.14 c\n+0002f800: 6d70 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a mp.-----------..\n+0002f810: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6d70 -- Command: cmp\n+0002f820: 205b 2d76 5d20 6669 6c65 3120 6669 6c65 [-v] file1 file\n+0002f830: 320a 2020 2020 2043 6f6d 7061 7265 2074 2. Compare t\n+0002f840: 6865 2066 696c 6520 4649 4c45 3120 7769 he file FILE1 wi\n+0002f850: 7468 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 4649 4c45 th the file FILE\n+0002f860: 322e 2020 4966 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 2. If they are \n+0002f870: 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 completely. \n+0002f880: 6964 656e 7469 6361 6c2c 20e2 8098 243f identical, ...$?\n+0002f890: e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 7420 ... will be set \n+0002f8a0: 746f 2030 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 to 0. Otherwise\n+0002f8b0: 2c20 6966 2074 6865 2066 696c 6573 2061 , if the files a\n+0002f8c0: 7265 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6964 656e re not. iden\n+0002f8d0: 7469 6361 6c2c 20e2 8098 243f e280 9920 tical, ...$?... \n+0002f8e0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 2061 will be set to a\n+0002f8f0: 206e 6f6e 7a65 726f 2076 616c 7565 2e0a nonzero value..\n+0002f900: 0a20 2020 2020 4279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 . By default\n+0002f910: 206e 6f74 6869 6e67 2077 696c 6c20 6265 nothing will be\n+0002f920: 206f 7574 7075 742e 2020 4966 2074 6865 output. If the\n+0002f930: 20e2 8098 2d76 e280 9920 6973 2075 7365 ...-v... is use\n+0002f940: 642c 2076 6572 626f 7365 0a20 2020 2020 d, verbose. \n+0002f950: 6d6f 6465 2069 7320 656e 6162 6c65 642e mode is enabled.\n+0002f960: 2020 496e 2074 6869 7320 6d6f 6465 2077 In this mode w\n+0002f970: 6865 6e20 7768 656e 2074 6865 2066 696c hen when the fil\n+0002f980: 6573 2064 6966 6665 7220 696e 2073 697a es differ in siz\n+0002f990: 652c 0a20 2020 2020 7072 696e 7420 7468 e,. print th\n+0002f9a0: 6520 7369 7a65 7320 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 e sizes like thi\n+0002f9b0: 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4469 s:.. Di\n+0002f9c0: 6666 6572 2069 6e20 7369 7a65 3a20 3078 ffer in size: 0x\n+0002f9d0: 3132 3334 205b 666f 6f5d 2c20 3078 3433 1234 [foo], 0x43\n+0002f9e0: 3231 205b 6261 725d 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 21 [bar].. I\n+0002f9f0: 6620 7468 6520 7369 7a65 7320 6172 6520 f the sizes are \n+0002fa00: 6571 7561 6c20 6275 7420 7468 6520 6279 equal but the by\n+0002fa10: 7465 7320 6174 2061 6e20 6f66 6673 6574 tes at an offset\n+0002fa20: 2064 6966 6665 722c 2074 6865 6e0a 2020 differ, then. \n+0002fa30: 2020 2070 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2062 7974 print the byt\n+0002fa40: 6573 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 es like this:.. \n+0002fa50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 6966 6665 7220 Differ \n+0002fa60: 6174 2074 6865 206f 6666 7365 7420 3737 at the offset 77\n+0002fa70: 373a 2030 7862 6520 5b66 6f6f 5d2c 2030 7: 0xbe [foo], 0\n+0002fa80: 7865 6620 5b62 6172 5d0a 0a1f 0a46 696c xef [bar]....Fil\n+0002fa90: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0002faa0: 6f64 653a 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 652c ode: configfile,\n+0002fab0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6370 7569 642c 2020 Next: cpuid, \n+0002fac0: 5072 6576 3a20 636d 702c 2020 5570 3a20 Prev: cmp, Up: \n+0002fad0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+0002fae0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3135 2063 mands..17.4.15 c\n+0002faf0: 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d onfigfile.------\n+0002fb00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+0002fb10: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6f6e 6669 - Command: confi\n+0002fb20: 6766 696c 6520 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 gfile file. \n+0002fb30: 4c6f 6164 2046 494c 4520 6173 2061 2063 Load FILE as a c\n+0002fb40: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n+0002fb50: 652e 2020 4966 2046 494c 4520 6465 6669 e. If FILE defi\n+0002fb60: 6e65 7320 616e 7920 6d65 6e75 0a20 2020 nes any menu. \n+0002fb70: 2020 656e 7472 6965 732c 2074 6865 6e20 entries, then \n+0002fb80: 7368 6f77 2061 206d 656e 7520 636f 6e74 show a menu cont\n+0002fb90: 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 6d20 696d 6d65 aining them imme\n+0002fba0: 6469 6174 656c 792e 2020 416e 790a 2020 diately. Any. \n+0002fbb0: 2020 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 environment v\n+0002fbc0: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6368 616e 6765 7320 ariable changes \n+0002fbd0: 6d61 6465 2062 7920 7468 6520 636f 6d6d made by the comm\n+0002fbe0: 616e 6473 2069 6e20 4649 4c45 2077 696c ands in FILE wil\n+0002fbf0: 6c20 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2062 6520 7072 l not. be pr\n+0002fc00: 6573 6572 7665 6420 6166 7465 7220 e280 eserved after ..\n+0002fc10: 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 2072 .configfile... r\n+0002fc20: 6574 7572 6e73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a eturns.....File:\n+0002fc30: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0002fc40: 653a 2063 7075 6964 2c20 204e 6578 743a e: cpuid, Next:\n+0002fc50: 2063 7263 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 6f6e crc, Prev: con\n+0002fc60: 6669 6766 696c 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f figfile, Up: Co\n+0002fc70: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+0002fc80: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3136 2063 7075 nds..17.4.16 cpu\n+0002fc90: 6964 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d id.-------------\n+0002fca0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 .. -- Command: c\n+0002fcb0: 7075 6964 205b 2d6c 5d20 5b2d 705d 0a20 puid [-l] [-p]. \n+0002fcc0: 2020 2020 4368 6563 6b20 666f 7220 4350 Check for CP\n+0002fcd0: 5520 6665 6174 7572 6573 2e20 2054 6869 U features. Thi\n+0002fce0: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206f 6e6c s command is onl\n+0002fcf0: 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2078 y available on x\n+0002fd00: 3836 0a20 2020 2020 7379 7374 656d 732e 86. systems.\n+0002fd10: 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 7468 6520 .. With the \n+0002fd20: e280 982d 6ce2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e2c ...-l... option,\n+0002fd30: 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7472 7565 2069 6620 return true if \n+0002fd40: 7468 6520 4350 5520 7375 7070 6f72 7473 the CPU supports\n+0002fd50: 206c 6f6e 6720 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 2020 long mode. \n+0002fd60: 2836 342d 6269 7429 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 (64-bit)... \n+0002fd70: 5769 7468 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d70 e280 With the ...-p..\n+0002fd80: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 7265 7475 726e . option, return\n+0002fd90: 2074 7275 6520 6966 2074 6865 2043 5055 true if the CPU\n+0002fda0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 5068 7973 6963 supports Physic\n+0002fdb0: 616c 0a20 2020 2020 4164 6472 6573 7320 al. Address \n+0002fdc0: 4578 7465 6e73 696f 6e20 2850 4145 292e Extension (PAE).\n+0002fdd0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 696e 766f 6b65 .. If invoke\n+0002fde0: 6420 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6f70 7469 6f6e d without option\n+0002fdf0: 732c 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 s, this command \n+0002fe00: 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6265 6861 7665 currently behave\n+0002fe10: 7320 6173 2069 6620 6974 0a20 2020 2020 s as if it. \n+0002fe20: 6861 6420 6265 656e 2069 6e76 6f6b 6564 had been invoked\n+0002fe30: 2077 6974 6820 e280 982d 6ce2 8099 2e20 with ...-l.... \n+0002fe40: 2054 6869 7320 6d61 7920 6368 616e 6765 This may change\n+0002fe50: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6675 7475 7265 2e0a in the future..\n+0002fe60: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0002fe70: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 7263 2c20 fo, Node: crc, \n+0002fe80: 204e 6578 743a 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 Next: cryptomou\n+0002fe90: 6e74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 7075 6964 nt, Prev: cpuid\n+0002fea0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+0002feb0: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n+0002fec0: 2e34 2e31 3720 6372 630a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .4.17 crc.------\n+0002fed0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+0002fee0: 6e64 3a20 6372 6320 6172 6720 2e2e 2e0a nd: crc arg ....\n+0002fef0: 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 20e2 Alias for .\n+0002ff00: 8098 6861 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 ..hashsum --hash\n+0002ff10: 2063 7263 3332 2061 7267 202e 2e2e e280 crc32 arg .....\n+0002ff20: 992e 2020 5365 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 .. See command \n+0002ff30: e280 9868 6173 6873 756d e280 990a 2020 ...hashsum.... \n+0002ff40: 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6861 7368 7375 (*note hashsu\n+0002ff50: 6d3a 3a29 2066 6f72 2066 756c 6c20 6465 m::) for full de\n+0002ff60: 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 scription.....Fi\n+0002ff70: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0002ff80: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e Node: cryptomoun\n+0002ff90: 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6375 746d 656d t, Next: cutmem\n+0002ffa0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 7263 2c20 2055 , Prev: crc, U\n+0002ffb0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+0002ffc0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 commands..17.4.1\n+0002ffd0: 3820 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 740a 2d2d 8 cryptomount.--\n+0002ffe0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0002fff0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+00030000: 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 7420 5b20 5b2d cryptomount [ [-\n+00030010: 7020 7061 7373 776f 7264 5d20 7c20 5b2d p password] | [-\n+00030020: 6b20 6b65 7966 696c 6520 5b2d 4f20 6b65 k keyfile [-O ke\n+00030030: 796f 6666 7365 745d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 yoffset]. \n+00030040: 2020 205b 2d53 206b 6579 7369 7a65 5d20 [-S keysize] \n+00030050: 5d20 5d20 5b2d 4820 6669 6c65 5d20 6465 ] ] [-H file] de\n+00030060: 7669 6365 7c2d 7520 7575 6964 7c2d 617c vice|-u uuid|-a|\n+00030070: 2d62 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7475 7020 6163 -b. Setup ac\n+00030080: 6365 7373 2074 6f20 656e 6372 7970 7465 cess to encrypte\n+00030090: 6420 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2041 2070 6173 d device. A pas\n+000300a0: 7370 6872 6173 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 sphrase will be \n+000300b0: 7265 7175 6573 7465 640a 2020 2020 2069 requested. i\n+000300c0: 6e74 6572 6163 7469 7665 6c79 2c20 6966 nteractively, if\n+000300d0: 206e 6569 7468 6572 2074 6865 20e2 8098 neither the ...\n+000300e0: 2d70 e280 9920 6e6f 7220 e280 982d 6be2 -p... nor ...-k.\n+000300f0: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2067 .. options are g\n+00030100: 6976 656e 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 iven. The. \n+00030110: 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d70 e280 9920 option ...-p... \n+00030120: 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 can be used to s\n+00030130: 7570 706c 7920 6120 7061 7373 7068 7261 upply a passphra\n+00030140: 7365 2028 7573 6566 756c 2066 6f72 0a20 se (useful for. \n+00030150: 2020 2020 7363 7269 7074 7329 2e20 2041 scripts). A\n+00030160: 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 6c79 2074 6865 lternatively the\n+00030170: 20e2 8098 2d6b e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e ...-k... option\n+00030180: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 can be used to \n+00030190: 7375 7070 6c79 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 supply a. ke\n+000301a0: 7966 696c 6520 7769 7468 206f 7074 696f yfile with optio\n+000301b0: 6e73 20e2 8098 2d4f e280 9920 616e 6420 ns ...-O... and \n+000301c0: e280 982d 53e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e61 ...-S... optiona\n+000301d0: 6c6c 7920 7375 7070 6c79 696e 6720 7468 lly supplying th\n+000301e0: 6520 6f66 6673 6574 0a20 2020 2020 616e e offset. an\n+000301f0: 6420 7369 7a65 2c20 7265 7370 6563 7469 d size, respecti\n+00030200: 7665 6c79 2c20 6f66 2074 6865 206b 6579 vely, of the key\n+00030210: 2064 6174 6120 696e 2074 6865 2067 6976 data in the giv\n+00030220: 656e 206b 6579 2066 696c 652e 2020 5468 en key file. Th\n+00030230: 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d48 e280 9920 e. ...-H... \n+00030240: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2075 options can be u\n+00030250: 7365 6420 746f 2073 7570 706c 7920 6372 sed to supply cr\n+00030260: 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 7420 6261 636b 656e yptomount backen\n+00030270: 6473 2077 6974 6820 616e 0a20 2020 2020 ds with an. \n+00030280: 616c 7465 726e 6174 6976 6520 6865 6164 alternative head\n+00030290: 6572 2066 696c 6520 2861 6b61 2064 6574 er file (aka det\n+000302a0: 6163 6865 6420 6865 6164 6572 292e 2020 ached header). \n+000302b0: 4e6f 7420 616c 6c20 6261 636b 656e 6473 Not all backends\n+000302c0: 0a20 2020 2020 6861 7665 2068 6561 6465 . have heade\n+000302d0: 7273 206e 6f72 2073 7570 706f 7274 2061 rs nor support a\n+000302e0: 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 2068 6561 6465 lternative heade\n+000302f0: 7220 6669 6c65 7320 2863 7572 7265 6e74 r files (current\n+00030300: 6c79 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 204c 554b ly only. LUK\n+00030310: 5331 2061 6e64 204c 554b 5332 2073 7570 S1 and LUKS2 sup\n+00030320: 706f 7274 2074 6865 6d29 2e20 2041 7267 port them). Arg\n+00030330: 756d 656e 7420 4445 5649 4345 2063 6f6e ument DEVICE con\n+00030340: 6669 6775 7265 7320 7370 6563 6966 6963 figures specific\n+00030350: 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2064 6576 6963 . grub devic\n+00030360: 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 204e 616d 696e 6720 e (*note Naming \n+00030370: 636f 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e 3a3a 293b 206f convention::); o\n+00030380: 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 75e2 8099 2055 ption ...-u... U\n+00030390: 5549 440a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 UID. configu\n+000303a0: 7265 7320 6465 7669 6365 2077 6974 6820 res device with \n+000303b0: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 5555 4944 3b20 specified UUID; \n+000303c0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d61 e280 9920 option ...-a... \n+000303d0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6573 2061 6c6c 0a20 configures all. \n+000303e0: 2020 2020 6465 7465 6374 6564 2065 6e63 detected enc\n+000303f0: 7279 7074 6564 2064 6576 6963 6573 3b20 rypted devices; \n+00030400: 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d62 e280 9920 option ...-b... \n+00030410: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6573 2061 6c6c 2067 configures all g\n+00030420: 656c 690a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7461 696e eli. contain\n+00030430: 6572 7320 7468 6174 2068 6176 6520 626f ers that have bo\n+00030440: 6f74 2066 6c61 6720 7365 742e 0a0a 2020 ot flag set... \n+00030450: 2020 2044 6576 6963 6573 2061 7265 206e Devices are n\n+00030460: 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2074 6f20 6265 ot allowed to be\n+00030470: 2067 6976 656e 2061 7320 6b65 7920 6669 given as key fi\n+00030480: 6c65 7320 6e6f 7220 6173 2064 6574 6163 les nor as detac\n+00030490: 6865 640a 2020 2020 2068 6561 6465 7220 hed. header \n+000304a0: 6669 6c65 732e 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c files. However,\n+000304b0: 2074 6869 7320 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e this limitation\n+000304c0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 776f 726b 6564 2061 can be worked a\n+000304d0: 726f 756e 6420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 7573 round by. us\n+000304e0: 696e 6720 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 7420 7379 ing blocklist sy\n+000304f0: 6e74 6178 2e20 2053 6f20 666f 7220 696e ntax. So for in\n+00030500: 7374 616e 6365 2c20 e280 9828 6864 312c stance, ...(hd1,\n+00030510: 6770 7432 29e2 8099 2063 616e 206e 6f74 gpt2)... can not\n+00030520: 2062 650a 2020 2020 2075 7365 642c 2062 be. used, b\n+00030530: 7574 20e2 8098 2868 6431 2c67 7074 3229 ut ...(hd1,gpt2)\n+00030540: 302b e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2061 6368 6965 0+... will achie\n+00030550: 7665 2074 6865 2064 6573 6972 6564 2072 ve the desired r\n+00030560: 6573 756c 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 esult... GRU\n+00030570: 4220 7375 706f 7274 7320 6465 7669 6365 B suports device\n+00030580: 7320 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 7573 696e s encrypted usin\n+00030590: 6720 4c55 4b53 2c20 4c55 4b53 3220 616e g LUKS, LUKS2 an\n+000305a0: 6420 6765 6c69 2e20 204e 6f74 650a 2020 d geli. Note. \n+000305b0: 2020 2074 6861 7420 6e65 6365 7373 6172 that necessar\n+000305c0: 7920 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 284c 554b 532c y modules (LUKS,\n+000305d0: 204c 554b 5332 2061 6e64 2047 454c 4929 LUKS2 and GELI)\n+000305e0: 2068 6176 6520 746f 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 have to be load\n+000305f0: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 ed. manually\n+00030600: 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7468 6973 2063 6f6d before this com\n+00030610: 6d61 6e64 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 mand can be used\n+00030620: 2e20 2046 6f72 204c 554b 5332 206f 6e6c . For LUKS2 onl\n+00030630: 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 2050 424b 4446 y the. PBKDF\n+00030640: 3220 6b65 7920 6465 7269 7661 7469 6f6e 2 key derivation\n+00030650: 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6973 2073 7570 function is sup\n+00030660: 706f 7274 6564 2c20 6173 2041 7267 6f6e ported, as Argon\n+00030670: 3220 6973 206e 6f74 2079 6574 0a20 2020 2 is not yet. \n+00030680: 2020 7375 7070 6f72 7465 642e 0a0a 2020 supported... \n+00030690: 2020 2053 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 7920 Successfully \n+000306a0: 6465 6372 7970 7465 6420 6469 736b 7320 decrypted disks \n+000306b0: 6172 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 6173 2028 6372 are named as (cr\n+000306c0: 7970 746f 5829 2061 6e64 2068 6176 650a yptoX) and have.\n+000306d0: 2020 2020 2069 6e63 7265 6173 696e 6720 increasing \n+000306e0: 6e75 6d65 7261 7469 6f6e 2073 7566 6669 numeration suffi\n+000306f0: 7820 666f 7220 6561 6368 206e 6577 2064 x for each new d\n+00030700: 6563 7279 7074 6564 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 ecrypted disk. \n+00030710: 4966 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 656e 6372 If the. encr\n+00030720: 7970 7465 6420 6469 736b 2068 6f73 7473 ypted disk hosts\n+00030730: 2073 6f6d 6520 6869 6768 6572 206c 6576 some higher lev\n+00030740: 656c 206f 6620 6162 7374 7261 6374 696f el of abstractio\n+00030750: 6e20 286c 696b 6520 4c56 4d32 206f 720a n (like LVM2 or.\n+00030760: 2020 2020 204d 4452 4149 4429 2069 7420 MDRAID) it \n+00030770: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6372 6561 7465 6420 will be created \n+00030780: 756e 6465 7220 6120 7365 7061 7261 7465 under a separate\n+00030790: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 7370 6163 device namespac\n+000307a0: 6520 696e 0a20 2020 2020 6164 6469 7469 e in. additi\n+000307b0: 6f6e 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6372 7970 746f on to the crypto\n+000307c0: 6469 736b 206e 616d 6573 7061 6365 2e0a disk namespace..\n+000307d0: 0a20 2020 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7420 666f . Support fo\n+000307e0: 7220 706c 6169 6e20 656e 6372 7970 7469 r plain encrypti\n+000307f0: 6f6e 206d 6f64 6520 2870 6c61 696e 2064 on mode (plain d\n+00030800: 6d2d 6372 7970 7429 2069 7320 7072 6f76 m-crypt) is prov\n+00030810: 6964 6564 2076 6961 0a20 2020 2020 7365 ided via. se\n+00030820: 7061 7261 7465 20e2 8098 2a6e 6f74 6520 parate ...*note \n+00030830: 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 3a3a e280 9920 plainmount::... \n+00030840: 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 command.....File\n+00030850: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00030860: 6465 3a20 6375 746d 656d 2c20 204e 6578 de: cutmem, Nex\n+00030870: 743a 2064 6174 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 t: date, Prev: \n+00030880: 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 5570 cryptomount, Up\n+00030890: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+000308a0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3139 ommands..17.4.19\n+000308b0: 2063 7574 6d65 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d cutmem.--------\n+000308c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+000308d0: 616e 643a 2063 7574 6d65 6d20 6672 6f6d and: cutmem from\n+000308e0: 5b4b 7c4d 7c47 5d20 746f 5b4b 7c4d 7c47 [K|M|G] to[K|M|G\n+000308f0: 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 616e ]. Remove an\n+00030900: 7920 6d65 6d6f 7279 2072 6567 696f 6e73 y memory regions\n+00030910: 2069 6e20 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7261 in specified ra\n+00030920: 6e67 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 nge... This \n+00030930: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6e6f 7469 6669 6573 command notifies\n+00030940: 2074 6865 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 6e61 the memory mana\n+00030950: 6765 7220 7468 6174 2073 7065 6369 6669 ger that specifi\n+00030960: 6564 2072 6567 696f 6e73 206f 660a 2020 ed regions of. \n+00030970: 2020 2052 414d 206f 7567 6874 2074 6f20 RAM ought to \n+00030980: 6265 2066 696c 7465 7265 6420 6f75 742e be filtered out.\n+00030990: 2020 5468 6973 2072 656d 6169 6e73 2069 This remains i\n+000309a0: 6e20 6566 6665 6374 2061 6674 6572 2061 n effect after a\n+000309b0: 0a20 2020 2020 7061 796c 6f61 6420 6b65 . payload ke\n+000309c0: 726e 656c 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e20 6c6f rnel has been lo\n+000309d0: 6164 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 2c20 6173 aded by GRUB, as\n+000309e0: 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 2074 6865 206c 6f61 long as the loa\n+000309f0: 6465 640a 2020 2020 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 ded. kernel \n+00030a00: 6f62 7461 696e 7320 6974 7320 6d65 6d6f obtains its memo\n+00030a10: 7279 206d 6170 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 ry map from GRUB\n+00030a20: 2e20 4b65 726e 656c 7320 7468 6174 2073 . Kernels that s\n+00030a30: 7570 706f 7274 2074 6869 730a 2020 2020 upport this. \n+00030a40: 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 204c 696e 7578 2c20 include Linux, \n+00030a50: 474e 5520 4d61 6368 2c20 7468 6520 6b65 GNU Mach, the ke\n+00030a60: 726e 656c 206f 6620 4672 6565 4253 4420 rnel of FreeBSD \n+00030a70: 616e 6420 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 740a 2020 and Multiboot. \n+00030a80: 2020 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2069 6e20 6765 kernels in ge\n+00030a90: 6e65 7261 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 neral... The\n+00030aa0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 7369 6d69 command is simi\n+00030ab0: 6c61 7220 746f 20e2 8098 6261 6472 616d lar to ...badram\n+00030ac0: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 2020 ... command... \n+00030ad0: 2020 204e 6f74 653a 2054 6865 2063 6f6d Note: The com\n+00030ae0: 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 616c 6c6f mand is not allo\n+00030af0: 7765 6420 7768 656e 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 wed when lockdow\n+00030b00: 6e20 6973 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 6420 282a n is enforced (*\n+00030b10: 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 636b 646f note. Lockdo\n+00030b20: 776e 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 2070 7265 wn::). This pre\n+00030b30: 7665 6e74 7320 7265 6d6f 7669 6e67 2045 vents removing E\n+00030b40: 4649 206d 656d 6f72 7920 7265 6769 6f6e FI memory region\n+00030b50: 7320 746f 0a20 2020 2020 706f 7465 6e74 s to. potent\n+00030b60: 6961 6c6c 7920 7375 6276 6572 7420 7468 ially subvert th\n+00030b70: 6520 7365 6375 7269 7479 206d 6563 6861 e security mecha\n+00030b80: 6e69 736d 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 nisms provided b\n+00030b90: 7920 7468 6520 5545 4649 0a20 2020 2020 y the UEFI. \n+00030ba0: 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 742e 0a0a 1f0a secure boot.....\n+00030bb0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00030bc0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6461 7465 2c20 204e Node: date, N\n+00030bd0: 6578 743a 2064 6576 6963 6574 7265 652c ext: devicetree,\n+00030be0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6375 746d 656d 2c20 Prev: cutmem, \n+00030bf0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+00030c00: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+00030c10: 2e32 3020 6461 7465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .20 date.-------\n+00030c20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+00030c30: 6e64 3a20 6461 7465 205b 5b79 6561 722d nd: date [[year-\n+00030c40: 5d6d 6f6e 7468 2d64 6179 5d20 5b68 6f75 ]month-day] [hou\n+00030c50: 723a 6d69 6e75 7465 5b3a 7365 636f 6e64 r:minute[:second\n+00030c60: 5d5d 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 206e 6f20 ]]. With no \n+00030c70: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732c 2070 7269 6e74 arguments, print\n+00030c80: 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2064 6174 the current dat\n+00030c90: 6520 616e 6420 7469 6d65 2e0a 0a20 2020 e and time... \n+00030ca0: 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 2074 616b Otherwise, tak\n+00030cb0: 6520 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 6461 e the current da\n+00030cc0: 7465 2061 6e64 2074 696d 652c 2063 6861 te and time, cha\n+00030cd0: 6e67 6520 616e 7920 656c 656d 656e 7473 nge any elements\n+00030ce0: 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 . specified \n+00030cf0: 6173 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 616e as arguments, an\n+00030d00: 6420 7365 7420 7468 6520 7265 7375 6c74 d set the result\n+00030d10: 2061 7320 7468 6520 6e65 7720 6461 7465 as the new date\n+00030d20: 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7469 6d65 2e20 and. time. \n+00030d30: 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 2764 For example, 'd\n+00030d40: 6174 6520 3031 2d30 3127 2077 696c 6c20 ate 01-01' will \n+00030d50: 7365 7420 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 set the current \n+00030d60: 6d6f 6e74 6820 616e 6420 6461 790a 2020 month and day. \n+00030d70: 2020 2074 6f20 4a61 6e75 6172 7920 312c to January 1,\n+00030d80: 2062 7574 206c 6561 7665 2074 6865 2079 but leave the y\n+00030d90: 6561 722c 2068 6f75 722c 206d 696e 7574 ear, hour, minut\n+00030da0: 652c 2061 6e64 2073 6563 6f6e 640a 2020 e, and second. \n+00030db0: 2020 2075 6e63 6861 6e67 6564 2e0a 0a1f unchanged....\n+00030dc0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00030dd0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2064 6576 6963 6574 , Node: devicet\n+00030de0: 7265 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6469 7374 ree, Next: dist\n+00030df0: 7275 7374 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2064 6174 rust, Prev: dat\n+00030e00: 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d e, Up: Command-\n+00030e10: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+00030e20: 372e 342e 3231 2064 6576 6963 6574 7265 7.4.21 devicetre\n+00030e30: 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d e.--------------\n+00030e40: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+00030e50: 643a 2064 6576 6963 6574 7265 6520 6669 d: devicetree fi\n+00030e60: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 2064 le. Load a d\n+00030e70: 6576 6963 6520 7472 6565 2062 6c6f 6220 evice tree blob \n+00030e80: 282e 6474 6229 2066 726f 6d20 6120 6669 (.dtb) from a fi\n+00030e90: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2c20 666f 7220 6c61 lesystem, for la\n+00030ea0: 7465 7220 7573 6520 6279 0a20 2020 2020 ter use by. \n+00030eb0: 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2e20 a Linux kernel. \n+00030ec0: 2044 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 7065 7266 6f72 Does not perfor\n+00030ed0: 6d20 6d65 7267 696e 6720 7769 7468 2061 m merging with a\n+00030ee0: 6e79 2064 6576 6963 6520 7472 6565 0a20 ny device tree. \n+00030ef0: 2020 2020 7375 7070 6c69 6564 2062 7920 supplied by \n+00030f00: 6669 726d 7761 7265 2c20 6275 7420 7261 firmware, but ra\n+00030f10: 7468 6572 2072 6570 6c61 6365 7320 6974 ther replaces it\n+00030f20: 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 completely... \n+00030f30: 2020 204e 6f74 653a 2054 6865 2063 6f6d Note: The com\n+00030f40: 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 616c 6c6f mand is not allo\n+00030f50: 7765 6420 7768 656e 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 wed when lockdow\n+00030f60: 6e20 6973 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 6420 282a n is enforced (*\n+00030f70: 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 636b 646f note. Lockdo\n+00030f80: 776e 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 wn::). This is \n+00030f90: 646f 6e65 2074 6f20 7072 6576 656e 7420 done to prevent \n+00030fa0: 7375 6276 6572 7469 6e67 2076 6172 696f subverting vario\n+00030fb0: 7573 2073 6563 7572 6974 790a 2020 2020 us security. \n+00030fc0: 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d 732e 0a0a 1f0a mechanisms.....\n+00030fd0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00030fe0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6469 7374 7275 7374 Node: distrust\n+00030ff0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2064 7269 7665 6d61 , Next: drivema\n+00031000: 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6465 7669 6365 p, Prev: device\n+00031010: 7472 6565 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 tree, Up: Comma\n+00031020: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+00031030: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3220 6469 7374 7275 ..17.4.22 distru\n+00031040: 7374 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d st.-------------\n+00031050: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+00031060: 3a20 6469 7374 7275 7374 2070 7562 6b65 : distrust pubke\n+00031070: 795f 6964 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 y_id. Remove\n+00031080: 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7920 5055 424b public key PUBK\n+00031090: 4559 5f49 4420 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4227 EY_ID from GRUB'\n+000310a0: 7320 6b65 7972 696e 6720 6f66 2074 7275 s keyring of tru\n+000310b0: 7374 6564 206b 6579 732e 0a20 2020 2020 sted keys.. \n+000310c0: 5055 424b 4559 5f49 4420 6973 2074 6865 PUBKEY_ID is the\n+000310d0: 206c 6173 7420 666f 7572 2062 7974 6573 last four bytes\n+000310e0: 2028 6569 6768 7420 6865 7861 6465 6369 (eight hexadeci\n+000310f0: 6d61 6c20 6469 6769 7473 2920 6f66 2074 mal digits) of t\n+00031100: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 4750 4720 7634 206b he. GPG v4 k\n+00031110: 6579 2069 642c 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 ey id, which is \n+00031120: 616c 736f 2074 6865 206f 7574 7075 7420 also the output \n+00031130: 6f66 20e2 8098 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 of ...list_trust\n+00031140: 6564 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 ed... (*note. \n+00031150: 2020 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 3a3a list_trusted::\n+00031160: 292e 2020 4f75 7473 6964 6520 6f66 2047 ). Outside of G\n+00031170: 5255 422c 2074 6865 206b 6579 2069 6420 RUB, the key id \n+00031180: 6361 6e20 6265 206f 6274 6169 6e65 6420 can be obtained \n+00031190: 7573 696e 670a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6770 using. ...gp\n+000311a0: 6720 2d2d 6669 6e67 6572 7072 696e 74e2 g --fingerprint.\n+000311b0: 8099 292e 2020 5468 6573 6520 6b65 7973 ..). These keys\n+000311c0: 2061 7265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2076 616c are used to val\n+000311d0: 6964 6174 6520 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 idate signatures\n+000311e0: 0a20 2020 2020 7768 656e 2065 6e76 6972 . when envir\n+000311f0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 onment variable \n+00031200: e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 ...check_signatu\n+00031210: 7265 73e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f res... is set to\n+00031220: 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 0a20 ...enforce.... \n+00031230: 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2063 6865 636b (*note check\n+00031240: 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a29 2c20 _signatures::), \n+00031250: 616e 6420 6279 2073 6f6d 6520 696e 766f and by some invo\n+00031260: 6361 7469 6f6e 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 cations of. \n+00031270: e280 9876 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 ...verify_detach\n+00031280: 6564 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2076 6572 ed... (*note ver\n+00031290: 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 3a3a 292e ify_detached::).\n+000312a0: 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 696e 6720 6469 *Note Using di\n+000312b0: 6769 7461 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 6967 6e61 gital. signa\n+000312c0: 7475 7265 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 tures::, for mor\n+000312d0: 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a e information...\n+000312e0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+000312f0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6472 6976 656d o, Node: drivem\n+00031300: 6170 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2065 6368 6f2c ap, Next: echo,\n+00031310: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6469 7374 7275 7374 Prev: distrust\n+00031320: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+00031330: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n+00031340: 2e34 2e32 3320 6472 6976 656d 6170 0a2d .4.23 drivemap.-\n+00031350: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00031360: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6472 . -- Command: dr\n+00031370: 6976 656d 6170 202d 6c7c 2d72 7c5b 2d73 ivemap -l|-r|[-s\n+00031380: 5d20 6672 6f6d 5f64 7269 7665 2074 6f5f ] from_drive to_\n+00031390: 6472 6976 650a 2020 2020 2057 6974 686f drive. Witho\n+000313a0: 7574 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2c20 6d61 7020 ut options, map \n+000313b0: 7468 6520 6472 6976 6520 4652 4f4d 5f44 the drive FROM_D\n+000313c0: 5249 5645 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6472 6976 RIVE to the driv\n+000313d0: 6520 544f 5f44 5249 5645 2e0a 2020 2020 e TO_DRIVE.. \n+000313e0: 2054 6869 7320 6973 206e 6563 6573 7361 This is necessa\n+000313f0: 7279 2077 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6368 6169 ry when you chai\n+00031400: 6e2d 6c6f 6164 2073 6f6d 6520 6f70 6572 n-load some oper\n+00031410: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 732c 2073 ating systems, s\n+00031420: 7563 680a 2020 2020 2061 7320 444f 532c uch. as DOS,\n+00031430: 2069 6620 7375 6368 2061 6e20 4f53 2072 if such an OS r\n+00031440: 6573 6964 6573 2061 7420 6120 6e6f 6e2d esides at a non-\n+00031450: 6669 7273 7420 6472 6976 652e 2020 466f first drive. Fo\n+00031460: 720a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7665 6e69 656e r. convenien\n+00031470: 6365 2c20 616e 7920 7061 7274 6974 696f ce, any partitio\n+00031480: 6e20 7375 6666 6978 206f 6e20 7468 6520 n suffix on the \n+00031490: 6472 6976 6520 6973 2069 676e 6f72 6564 drive is ignored\n+000314a0: 2c20 736f 2079 6f75 0a20 2020 2020 6361 , so you. ca\n+000314b0: 6e20 7361 6665 6c79 2075 7365 2024 7b72 n safely use ${r\n+000314c0: 6f6f 747d 2061 7320 6120 6472 6976 6520 oot} as a drive \n+000314d0: 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a specification...\n+000314e0: 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 With the ..\n+000314f0: 982d 73e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2070 .-s... option, p\n+00031500: 6572 666f 726d 2074 6865 2072 6576 6572 erform the rever\n+00031510: 7365 206d 6170 7069 6e67 2061 7320 7765 se mapping as we\n+00031520: 6c6c 2c20 7377 6170 7069 6e67 0a20 2020 ll, swapping. \n+00031530: 2020 7468 6520 7477 6f20 6472 6976 6573 the two drives\n+00031540: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 2074 6865 ... With the\n+00031550: 20e2 8098 2d6c e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e ...-l... option\n+00031560: 2c20 6c69 7374 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 , list the curre\n+00031570: 6e74 206d 6170 7069 6e67 732e 0a0a 2020 nt mappings... \n+00031580: 2020 2057 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 982d With the ...-\n+00031590: 72e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2072 6573 r... option, res\n+000315a0: 6574 2061 6c6c 206d 6170 7069 6e67 7320 et all mappings \n+000315b0: 746f 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2076 to the default v\n+000315c0: 616c 7565 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2046 6f72 alues... For\n+000315d0: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 example:.. \n+000315e0: 2020 2020 2064 7269 7665 6d61 7020 2d73 drivemap -s\n+000315f0: 2028 6864 3029 2028 6864 3129 0a0a 2020 (hd0) (hd1).. \n+00031600: 2020 204e 4f54 453a 204f 6e6c 7920 6176 NOTE: Only av\n+00031610: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2069 3338 362d ailable on i386-\n+00031620: 7063 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 pc.....File: gru\n+00031630: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2065 b.info, Node: e\n+00031640: 6368 6f2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6566 6974 cho, Next: efit\n+00031650: 6578 746d 6f64 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 extmode, Prev: \n+00031660: 6472 6976 656d 6170 2c20 2055 703a 2043 drivemap, Up: C\n+00031670: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+00031680: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3420 6563 ands..17.4.24 ec\n+00031690: 686f 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ho.------------.\n+000316a0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6563 . -- Command: ec\n+000316b0: 686f 205b 2d6e 5d20 5b2d 655d 2073 7472 ho [-n] [-e] str\n+000316c0: 696e 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2044 6973 ing .... Dis\n+000316d0: 706c 6179 2074 6865 2072 6571 7565 7374 play the request\n+000316e0: 6564 2074 6578 7420 616e 642c 2075 6e6c ed text and, unl\n+000316f0: 6573 7320 7468 6520 e280 982d 6ee2 8099 ess the ...-n...\n+00031700: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2075 7365 642c option is used,\n+00031710: 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7472 6169 6c69 6e67 a. trailing\n+00031720: 206e 6577 206c 696e 652e 2020 4966 2074 new line. If t\n+00031730: 6865 7265 2069 7320 6d6f 7265 2074 6861 here is more tha\n+00031740: 6e20 6f6e 6520 7374 7269 6e67 2c20 7468 n one string, th\n+00031750: 6579 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7061 ey are. sepa\n+00031760: 7261 7465 6420 6279 2073 7061 6365 7320 rated by spaces \n+00031770: 696e 2074 6865 206f 7574 7075 742e 2020 in the output. \n+00031780: 4173 2075 7375 616c 2069 6e20 4752 5542 As usual in GRUB\n+00031790: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 0a20 2020 2020 commands,. \n+000317a0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6d61 7920 6265 variables may be\n+000317b0: 2073 7562 7374 6974 7574 6564 2075 7369 substituted usi\n+000317c0: 6e67 20e2 8098 247b 7661 727d e280 992e ng ...${var}....\n+000317d0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d65 .. The ...-e\n+000317e0: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2065 6e61 626c ... option enabl\n+000317f0: 6573 2069 6e74 6572 7072 6574 6174 696f es interpretatio\n+00031800: 6e20 6f66 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 2065 n of backslash e\n+00031810: 7363 6170 6573 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 scapes. The. \n+00031820: 2020 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7365 7175 following sequ\n+00031830: 656e 6365 7320 6172 6520 7265 636f 676e ences are recogn\n+00031840: 6973 6564 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 985c ised:.. ...\\\n+00031850: 5ce2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 \\.... b\n+00031860: 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 ackslash.. .\n+00031870: 8098 5c61 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ..\\a.... \n+00031880: 2020 616c 6572 7420 2842 454c 290a 0a20 alert (BEL).. \n+00031890: 2020 2020 e280 985c 63e2 8099 0a20 2020 ...\\c.... \n+000318a0: 2020 2020 2020 2073 7570 7072 6573 7320 suppress \n+000318b0: 7472 6169 6c69 6e67 206e 6577 206c 696e trailing new lin\n+000318c0: 650a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 985c 66e2 8099 e.. ...\\f...\n+000318d0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 6f72 6d20 . form \n+000318e0: 6665 6564 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 5c6e feed.. ...\\n\n+000318f0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 .... ne\n+00031900: 7720 6c69 6e65 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 w line.. ...\n+00031910: 5c72 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \\r.... \n+00031920: 6361 7272 6961 6765 2072 6574 7572 6e0a carriage return.\n+00031930: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 985c 74e2 8099 0a20 . ...\\t.... \n+00031940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6f72 697a 6f6e horizon\n+00031950: 7461 6c20 7461 620a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 tal tab.. ..\n+00031960: 985c 76e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 .\\v.... \n+00031970: 2076 6572 7469 6361 6c20 7461 620a 0a20 vertical tab.. \n+00031980: 2020 2020 5768 656e 2069 6e74 6572 7072 When interpr\n+00031990: 6574 696e 6720 6261 636b 736c 6173 6820 eting backslash \n+000319a0: 6573 6361 7065 732c 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 escapes, backsla\n+000319b0: 7368 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 6279 2061 sh followed by a\n+000319c0: 6e79 0a20 2020 2020 6f74 6865 7220 6368 ny. other ch\n+000319d0: 6172 6163 7465 7220 7769 6c6c 2070 7269 aracter will pri\n+000319e0: 6e74 2074 6861 7420 6368 6172 6163 7465 nt that characte\n+000319f0: 722e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 r.....File: grub\n+00031a00: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6566 .info, Node: ef\n+00031a10: 6974 6578 746d 6f64 652c 2020 4e65 7874 itextmode, Next\n+00031a20: 3a20 6576 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2065 : eval, Prev: e\n+00031a30: 6368 6f2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e cho, Up: Comman\n+00031a40: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n+00031a50: 0a31 372e 342e 3235 2065 6669 7465 7874 .17.4.25 efitext\n+00031a60: 6d6f 6465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d mode.-----------\n+00031a70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+00031a80: 6d6d 616e 643a 2065 6669 7465 7874 6d6f mmand: efitextmo\n+00031a90: 6465 205b 6d69 6e20 7c20 6d61 7820 7c20 de [min | max | \n+00031aa0: 3c6d 6f64 655f 6e75 6d3e 207c 203c 636f | ]. \n+00031ac0: 2057 6865 6e20 7573 6564 2077 6974 6820 When used with \n+00031ad0: 6e6f 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2064 6973 no arguments dis\n+00031ae0: 706c 6179 7320 616c 6c20 6176 6169 6c61 plays all availa\n+00031af0: 626c 6520 7465 7874 206f 7574 7075 740a ble text output.\n+00031b00: 2020 2020 206d 6f64 6573 2e20 2054 6865 modes. The\n+00031b10: 2073 6574 206d 6f64 6520 6465 7465 726d set mode determ\n+00031b20: 696e 6573 2074 6865 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 ines the columns\n+00031b30: 2061 6e64 2072 6f77 7320 6f66 2074 6865 and rows of the\n+00031b40: 2074 6578 740a 2020 2020 2064 6973 706c text. displ\n+00031b50: 6179 2077 6865 6e20 696e 2074 6578 7420 ay when in text \n+00031b60: 6d6f 6465 2e20 2041 6e20 6173 7465 7269 mode. An asteri\n+00031b70: 736b 2c20 e280 982a e280 992c 2077 696c sk, ...*..., wil\n+00031b80: 6c20 6265 2061 7420 7468 6520 656e 6420 l be at the end \n+00031b90: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 of. the line\n+00031ba0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 746c of the currentl\n+00031bb0: 7920 7365 7420 6d6f 6465 2e0a 0a20 2020 y set mode... \n+00031bc0: 2020 4966 2067 6976 656e 2061 2073 696e If given a sin\n+00031bd0: 676c 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 722c 2069 gle parameter, i\n+00031be0: 7420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 e280 986d 696e t must be ...min\n+00031bf0: e280 992c 20e2 8098 6d61 78e2 8099 2c20 ..., ...max..., \n+00031c00: 6f72 2061 206d 6f64 650a 2020 2020 206e or a mode. n\n+00031c10: 756d 6265 7220 6769 7665 6e20 6279 2074 umber given by t\n+00031c20: 6865 206c 6973 7469 6e67 2077 6865 6e20 he listing when \n+00031c30: 7275 6e20 7769 7468 206e 6f20 6172 6775 run with no argu\n+00031c40: 6d65 6e74 732e 2020 5468 6573 650a 2020 ments. These. \n+00031c50: 2020 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2073 6574 arguments set\n+00031c60: 2074 6865 206d 6f64 6520 746f 2074 6865 the mode to the\n+00031c70: 206d 696e 696d 756d 2c20 6d61 7869 6d75 minimum, maximu\n+00031c80: 6d2c 2061 6e64 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 m, and particula\n+00031c90: 7220 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 2020 7265 7370 r mode. resp\n+00031ca0: 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 ectively... \n+00031cb0: 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 2074 6865 2063 Otherwise, the c\n+00031cc0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206d 7573 7420 6265 2067 ommand must be g\n+00031cd0: 6976 656e 2074 776f 206e 756d 6572 6963 iven two numeric\n+00031ce0: 616c 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 0a20 2020 al arguments. \n+00031cf0: 2020 7370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2074 6865 specifying the\n+00031d00: 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 2061 6e64 2072 6f77 columns and row\n+00031d10: 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6573 6972 6564 s of the desired\n+00031d20: 206d 6f64 652e 2020 5370 6563 6966 7969 mode. Specifyi\n+00031d30: 6e67 2061 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6c75 6d6e ng a. column\n+00031d40: 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 2063 6f6d 6269 s and rows combi\n+00031d50: 6e61 7469 6f6e 2074 6861 7420 636f 7272 nation that corr\n+00031d60: 6573 706f 6e64 7320 746f 206e 6f20 7375 esponds to no su\n+00031d70: 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6d6f 6465 2c0a 2020 pported mode,. \n+00031d80: 2020 2077 696c 6c20 7265 7475 726e 2065 will return e\n+00031d90: 7272 6f72 2c20 6275 7420 6f74 6865 7277 rror, but otherw\n+00031da0: 6973 6520 6861 7665 206e 6f20 6566 6665 ise have no effe\n+00031db0: 6374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4279 2064 6566 ct... By def\n+00031dc0: 6175 6c74 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2073 ault GRUB will s\n+00031dd0: 7461 7274 2069 6e20 7768 6174 6576 6572 tart in whatever\n+00031de0: 206d 6f64 6520 7468 6520 4546 4920 6669 mode the EFI fi\n+00031df0: 726d 7761 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6465 6661 rmware. defa\n+00031e00: 756c 7473 2074 6f2e 2020 5468 6572 6520 ults to. There \n+00031e10: 6172 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 7320 6b6e are firmwares kn\n+00031e20: 6f77 6e20 746f 2073 6574 2075 7020 7468 own to set up th\n+00031e30: 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6d6f 6465 0a20 e default mode. \n+00031e40: 2020 2020 7375 6368 2074 6861 7420 6f75 such that ou\n+00031e50: 7470 7574 2062 6568 6176 6573 2073 7472 tput behaves str\n+00031e60: 616e 6765 6c79 2c20 666f 7220 6578 616d angely, for exam\n+00031e70: 706c 6520 7468 6520 6375 7273 6f72 2069 ple the cursor i\n+00031e80: 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 n the. GRUB \n+00031e90: 7368 656c 6c20 6e65 7665 7220 7265 6163 shell never reac\n+00031ea0: 6865 7320 7468 6520 626f 7474 6f6d 206f hes the bottom o\n+00031eb0: 6620 7468 6520 7363 7265 656e 206f 722c f the screen or,\n+00031ec0: 2077 6865 6e20 7479 7069 6e67 0a20 2020 when typing. \n+00031ed0: 2020 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 2061 7420 characters at \n+00031ee0: 7468 6520 7072 6f6d 7074 2c20 6368 6172 the prompt, char\n+00031ef0: 6163 7465 7273 2066 726f 6d20 7072 6576 acters from prev\n+00031f00: 696f 7573 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206f 7574 ious command out\n+00031f10: 7075 740a 2020 2020 2061 7265 206f 7665 put. are ove\n+00031f20: 7277 7269 7474 656e 2e20 2053 6574 7469 rwritten. Setti\n+00031f30: 6e67 2074 6865 206d 6f64 6520 6d61 7920 ng the mode may \n+00031f40: 6669 7820 7468 6973 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 fix this... \n+00031f50: 5468 6520 4546 4920 7370 6563 6966 6963 The EFI specific\n+00031f60: 6174 696f 6e20 7361 7973 2074 6861 7420 ation says that \n+00031f70: 6d6f 6465 2030 206d 7573 7420 6265 2061 mode 0 must be a\n+00031f80: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2061 6e64 2068 6176 vailable and hav\n+00031f90: 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 2061 e. columns a\n+00031fa0: 6e64 2072 6f77 7320 6f66 2038 3020 616e nd rows of 80 an\n+00031fb0: 6420 3235 2072 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c d 25 respectivel\n+00031fc0: 792e 2020 4d6f 6465 2031 206d 6179 2062 y. Mode 1 may b\n+00031fd0: 6520 6465 6669 6e65 640a 2020 2020 2061 e defined. a\n+00031fe0: 6e64 2069 6620 736f 206d 7573 7420 6861 nd if so must ha\n+00031ff0: 7665 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 2061 6e64 2072 ve columns and r\n+00032000: 6f77 7320 6f66 2038 3020 616e 6420 3530 ows of 80 and 50\n+00032010: 2072 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c 792e 0a20 respectively.. \n+00032020: 2020 2020 416e 7920 6f74 6865 7220 6d6f Any other mo\n+00032030: 6465 7320 6d61 7920 6861 7665 2063 6f6c des may have col\n+00032040: 756d 6e73 2061 6e64 2072 6f77 7320 6172 umns and rows ar\n+00032050: 6269 7472 6172 696c 7920 6465 6669 6e65 bitrarily define\n+00032060: 6420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6669 d by. the fi\n+00032070: 726d 7761 7265 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 rmware. This me\n+00032080: 616e 7320 7468 6174 2061 206d 6f64 6520 ans that a mode \n+00032090: 7769 7468 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 2061 6e64 with columns and\n+000320a0: 2072 6f77 7320 6f66 2031 3030 0a20 2020 rows of 100. \n+000320b0: 2020 616e 6420 3331 206f 6e20 6f6e 6520 and 31 on one \n+000320c0: 6669 726d 7761 7265 206d 6179 2062 6520 firmware may be \n+000320d0: 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6d6f 6465 a different mode\n+000320e0: 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f6e 2061 0a20 2020 number on a. \n+000320f0: 2020 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6669 726d different firm\n+00032100: 7761 7265 206f 7220 6e6f 7420 6578 6973 ware or not exis\n+00032110: 7420 6174 2061 6c6c 2e20 204c 696b 6577 t at all. Likew\n+00032120: 6973 652c 206d 6f64 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 ise, mode number\n+00032130: 2032 206f 6e0a 2020 2020 206f 6e65 2066 2 on. one f\n+00032140: 6972 6d77 6172 6520 6d61 7920 6861 7665 irmware may have\n+00032150: 2061 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 206e 756d a different num\n+00032160: 6265 7220 6f66 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 2061 ber of columns a\n+00032170: 6e64 2072 6f77 7320 7468 616e 0a20 2020 nd rows than. \n+00032180: 2020 6d6f 6465 2032 206f 6e20 6120 6469 mode 2 on a di\n+00032190: 6666 6572 656e 7420 6669 726d 7761 7265 fferent firmware\n+000321a0: 2e20 2053 6f20 6f6e 6520 7368 6f75 6c64 . So one should\n+000321b0: 206e 6f74 2072 656c 7920 6f6e 2061 0a20 not rely on a. \n+000321c0: 2020 2020 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 206d particular m\n+000321d0: 6f64 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 7220 6120 ode number or a \n+000321e0: 6d6f 6465 206f 6620 6120 6365 7274 6169 mode of a certai\n+000321f0: 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 636f 6c75 n number of colu\n+00032200: 6d6e 7320 616e 640a 2020 2020 2072 6f77 mns and. row\n+00032210: 7320 6578 6973 7469 6e67 206f 6e20 616c s existing on al\n+00032220: 6c20 6669 726d 7761 7265 732c 2065 7863 l firmwares, exc\n+00032230: 6570 7420 666f 7220 6d6f 6465 2030 2e0a ept for mode 0..\n+00032240: 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6973 . Note: This\n+00032250: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 command is only\n+00032260: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 4546 available on EF\n+00032270: 4920 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 616e 6420 I platforms and \n+00032280: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 is. similar \n+00032290: 746f 2045 4649 2073 6865 6c6c 2022 6d6f to EFI shell \"mo\n+000322a0: 6465 2220 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 1f0a de\" command.....\n+000322b0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+000322c0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6576 616c 2c20 204e Node: eval, N\n+000322d0: 6578 743a 2065 7870 6f72 742c 2020 5072 ext: export, Pr\n+000322e0: 6576 3a20 6566 6974 6578 746d 6f64 652c ev: efitextmode,\n+000322f0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+00032300: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+00032310: 342e 3236 2065 7661 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 4.26 eval.------\n+00032320: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+00032330: 616e 643a 2065 7661 6c20 7374 7269 6e67 and: eval string\n+00032340: 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 436f 6e63 6174 .... Concat\n+00032350: 656e 6174 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 enate arguments \n+00032360: 746f 6765 7468 6572 2075 7369 6e67 2073 together using s\n+00032370: 696e 676c 6520 7370 6163 6520 6173 2073 ingle space as s\n+00032380: 6570 6172 6174 6f72 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 eparator and. \n+00032390: 2020 6576 616c 7561 7465 2072 6573 756c evaluate resul\n+000323a0: 7420 6173 2073 6571 7565 6e63 6520 6f66 t as sequence of\n+000323b0: 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2e0a GRUB commands..\n+000323c0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+000323d0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2065 7870 6f72 fo, Node: expor\n+000323e0: 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6661 6c73 652c t, Next: false,\n+000323f0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6576 616c 2c20 2055 Prev: eval, U\n+00032400: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+00032410: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 commands..17.4.2\n+00032420: 3720 6578 706f 7274 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 7 export.-------\n+00032430: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+00032440: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6578 706f 7274 2065 6e76 mand: export env\n+00032450: 7661 720a 2020 2020 2045 7870 6f72 7420 var. Export \n+00032460: 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 the environment \n+00032470: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2045 4e56 5641 522e variable ENVVAR.\n+00032480: 2020 4578 706f 7274 6564 2076 6172 6961 Exported varia\n+00032490: 626c 6573 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 7669 bles are. vi\n+000324a0: 7369 626c 6520 746f 2073 7562 7369 6469 sible to subsidi\n+000324b0: 6172 7920 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ary configuratio\n+000324c0: 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2075 n files loaded u\n+000324d0: 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9863 6f6e sing. ...con\n+000324e0: 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 figfile........F\n+000324f0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00032500: 204e 6f64 653a 2066 616c 7365 2c20 204e Node: false, N\n+00032510: 6578 743a 2066 7773 6574 7570 2c20 2050 ext: fwsetup, P\n+00032520: 7265 763a 2065 7870 6f72 742c 2020 5570 rev: export, Up\n+00032530: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+00032540: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3238 ommands..17.4.28\n+00032550: 2066 616c 7365 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d false.---------\n+00032560: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+00032570: 643a 2066 616c 7365 0a20 2020 2020 446f d: false. Do\n+00032580: 206e 6f74 6869 6e67 2c20 756e 7375 6363 nothing, unsucc\n+00032590: 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2e20 2054 6869 7320 essfully. This \n+000325a0: 6973 206d 6169 6e6c 7920 7573 6566 756c is mainly useful\n+000325b0: 2069 6e20 636f 6e74 726f 6c0a 2020 2020 in control. \n+000325c0: 2063 6f6e 7374 7275 6374 7320 7375 6368 constructs such\n+000325d0: 2061 7320 e280 9869 66e2 8099 2061 6e64 as ...if... and\n+000325e0: 20e2 8098 7768 696c 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e ...while... (*n\n+000325f0: 6f74 6520 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 ote Shell-like s\n+00032600: 6372 6970 7469 6e67 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a cripting::).....\n+00032610: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00032620: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6677 7365 7475 702c Node: fwsetup,\n+00032630: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6764 6269 6e66 6f2c Next: gdbinfo,\n+00032640: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6661 6c73 652c 2020 Prev: false, \n+00032650: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+00032660: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n+00032670: 3239 2066 7773 6574 7570 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 29 fwsetup.-----\n+00032680: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+00032690: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2066 7773 6574 7570 Command: fwsetup\n+000326a0: 205b 2d2d 6973 2d73 7570 706f 7274 6564 [--is-supported\n+000326b0: 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6562 6f6f 7420 696e ]. Reboot in\n+000326c0: 746f 2074 6865 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 to the firmware \n+000326d0: 7365 7475 7020 6d65 6e75 2e20 2049 6620 setup menu. If \n+000326e0: e280 982d 2d69 732d 7375 7070 6f72 7465 ...--is-supporte\n+000326f0: 64e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 0a20 d... option is. \n+00032700: 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2069 specified, i\n+00032710: 6e73 7465 6164 2063 6865 636b 2077 6865 nstead check whe\n+00032720: 7468 6572 2074 6865 2066 6972 6d77 6172 ther the firmwar\n+00032730: 6520 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2061 2073 6574 e supports a set\n+00032740: 7570 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 up menu. and\n+00032750: 2065 7869 7420 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c exit successful\n+00032760: 6c79 2069 6620 736f 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ly if so.....Fil\n+00032770: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00032780: 6f64 653a 2067 6462 696e 666f 2c20 204e ode: gdbinfo, N\n+00032790: 6578 743a 2067 6574 7465 7874 2c20 2050 ext: gettext, P\n+000327a0: 7265 763a 2066 7773 6574 7570 2c20 2055 rev: fwsetup, U\n+000327b0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+000327c0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 commands..17.4.3\n+000327d0: 3020 6764 6269 6e66 6f0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0 gdbinfo.------\n+000327e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+000327f0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6764 6269 6e66 6f0a ommand: gdbinfo.\n+00032800: 2020 2020 204f 7574 7075 7420 7465 7874 Output text\n+00032810: 2074 6f20 6265 2075 7365 6420 6173 2061 to be used as a\n+00032820: 2047 4442 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2066 6f72 GDB command for\n+00032830: 2061 2047 4442 2073 6573 7369 6f6e 2075 a GDB session u\n+00032840: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6764 sing the. gd\n+00032850: 625f 6772 7562 2073 6372 6970 7420 616e b_grub script an\n+00032860: 6420 6174 7461 6368 6564 2074 6f20 6120 d attached to a \n+00032870: 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 4752 5542 2069 6e73 running GRUB ins\n+00032880: 7461 6e63 652e 2020 5468 6520 4744 420a tance. The GDB.\n+00032890: 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6861 command tha\n+000328a0: 7420 6973 206f 7574 7075 7420 7769 6c6c t is output will\n+000328b0: 2074 656c 6c20 4744 4220 686f 7720 746f tell GDB how to\n+000328c0: 206c 6f61 6420 6465 6275 6767 696e 6720 load debugging \n+000328d0: 7379 6d62 6f6c 730a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 symbols. to \n+000328e0: 7468 6569 7220 7072 6f70 6572 2072 756e their proper run\n+000328f0: 7469 6d65 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e20 2043 time address. C\n+00032900: 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2074 6869 7320 6973 urrently this is\n+00032910: 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 650a only available.\n+00032920: 2020 2020 2066 6f72 2045 4649 2070 6c61 for EFI pla\n+00032930: 7466 6f72 6d73 2e20 2053 6565 2074 6865 tforms. See the\n+00032940: 2044 6562 7567 6769 6e67 2069 6e20 7468 Debugging in th\n+00032950: 6520 6465 7665 6c6f 7065 720a 2020 2020 e developer. \n+00032960: 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 2066 documentation f\n+00032970: 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 or more informat\n+00032980: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ion.....File: gr\n+00032990: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+000329a0: 6765 7474 6578 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 gettext, Next: \n+000329b0: 6770 7473 796e 632c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 gptsync, Prev: \n+000329c0: 6764 6269 6e66 6f2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f gdbinfo, Up: Co\n+000329d0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+000329e0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3331 2067 6574 nds..17.4.31 get\n+000329f0: 7465 7874 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d text.-----------\n+00032a00: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+00032a10: 643a 2067 6574 7465 7874 2073 7472 696e d: gettext strin\n+00032a20: 670a 2020 2020 2054 7261 6e73 6c61 7465 g. Translate\n+00032a30: 2053 5452 494e 4720 696e 746f 2074 6865 STRING into the\n+00032a40: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 206c 616e 6775 6167 current languag\n+00032a50: 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 7572 e... The cur\n+00032a60: 7265 6e74 206c 616e 6775 6167 6520 636f rent language co\n+00032a70: 6465 2069 7320 7374 6f72 6564 2069 6e20 de is stored in \n+00032a80: 7468 6520 e280 986c 616e 67e2 8099 2076 the ...lang... v\n+00032a90: 6172 6961 626c 6520 696e 0a20 2020 2020 ariable in. \n+00032aa0: 4752 5542 2773 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 GRUB's environme\n+00032ab0: 6e74 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c61 6e67 3a3a nt (*note lang::\n+00032ac0: 292e 2020 5472 616e 736c 6174 696f 6e20 ). Translation \n+00032ad0: 6669 6c65 7320 696e 204d 4f20 666f 726d files in MO form\n+00032ae0: 6174 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6520 7265 6164 at. are read\n+00032af0: 2066 726f 6d20 e280 986c 6f63 616c 655f from ...locale_\n+00032b00: 6469 72e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f dir... (*note lo\n+00032b10: 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 3a3a 292c 2075 7375 cale_dir::), usu\n+00032b20: 616c 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982f 626f ally. .../bo\n+00032b30: 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6c6f 6361 6c65 e280 ot/grub/locale..\n+00032b40: 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ......File: grub\n+00032b50: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6770 .info, Node: gp\n+00032b60: 7473 796e 632c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6861 tsync, Next: ha\n+00032b70: 6c74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2067 6574 7465 lt, Prev: gette\n+00032b80: 7874 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 xt, Up: Command\n+00032b90: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+00032ba0: 3137 2e34 2e33 3220 6770 7473 796e 630a 17.4.32 gptsync.\n+00032bb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00032bc0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6770 . -- Command: gp\n+00032bd0: 7473 796e 6320 6465 7669 6365 205b 7061 tsync device [pa\n+00032be0: 7274 6974 696f 6e5b 2b2f 2d5b 7479 7065 rtition[+/-[type\n+00032bf0: 5d5d 5d20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2044 6973 ]]] .... Dis\n+00032c00: 6b73 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2047 5549 ks using the GUI\n+00032c10: 4420 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 5461 626c D Partition Tabl\n+00032c20: 6520 2847 5054 2920 616c 736f 2068 6176 e (GPT) also hav\n+00032c30: 6520 6120 6c65 6761 6379 0a20 2020 2020 e a legacy. \n+00032c40: 4d61 7374 6572 2042 6f6f 7420 5265 636f Master Boot Reco\n+00032c50: 7264 2028 4d42 5229 2070 6172 7469 7469 rd (MBR) partiti\n+00032c60: 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 2063 6f6d on table for com\n+00032c70: 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 2077 6974 6820 patibility with \n+00032c80: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2042 494f 5320 616e the. BIOS an\n+00032c90: 6420 7769 7468 206f 6c64 6572 206f 7065 d with older ope\n+00032ca0: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e20 rating systems. \n+00032cb0: 2054 6865 206c 6567 6163 7920 4d42 5220 The legacy MBR \n+00032cc0: 6361 6e20 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7265 can only. re\n+00032cd0: 7072 6573 656e 7420 6120 6c69 6d69 7465 present a limite\n+00032ce0: 6420 7375 6273 6574 206f 6620 4750 5420 d subset of GPT \n+00032cf0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 656e 7472 6965 partition entrie\n+00032d00: 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 636f s... This co\n+00032d10: 6d6d 616e 6420 706f 7075 6c61 7465 7320 mmand populates \n+00032d20: 7468 6520 6c65 6761 6379 204d 4252 2077 the legacy MBR w\n+00032d30: 6974 6820 7468 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 ith the specifie\n+00032d40: 6420 5041 5254 4954 494f 4e0a 2020 2020 d PARTITION. \n+00032d50: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 206f 6e20 4445 5649 entries on DEVI\n+00032d60: 4345 2e20 2055 7020 746f 2074 6872 6565 CE. Up to three\n+00032d70: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 6d61 7920 partitions may \n+00032d80: 6265 2075 7365 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 be used... T\n+00032d90: 5950 4520 6973 2061 6e20 4d42 5220 7061 YPE is an MBR pa\n+00032da0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7479 7065 2063 6f64 rtition type cod\n+00032db0: 653b 2070 7265 6669 7820 7769 7468 20e2 e; prefix with .\n+00032dc0: 8098 3078 e280 9920 6966 2079 6f75 2077 ..0x... if you w\n+00032dd0: 616e 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7465 ant to. ente\n+00032de0: 7220 7468 6973 2069 6e20 6865 7861 6465 r this in hexade\n+00032df0: 6369 6d61 6c2e 2020 5468 6520 7365 7061 cimal. The sepa\n+00032e00: 7261 746f 7220 6265 7477 6565 6e20 5041 rator between PA\n+00032e10: 5254 4954 494f 4e20 616e 640a 2020 2020 RTITION and. \n+00032e20: 2054 5950 4520 6d61 7920 6265 20e2 8098 TYPE may be ...\n+00032e30: 2be2 8099 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2074 6865 +... to make the\n+00032e40: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2061 6374 6976 partition activ\n+00032e50: 652c 206f 7220 e280 982d e280 9920 746f e, or ...-... to\n+00032e60: 206d 616b 6520 6974 0a20 2020 2020 696e make it. in\n+00032e70: 6163 7469 7665 3b20 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e65 active; only one\n+00032e80: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 2062 partition may b\n+00032e90: 6520 6163 7469 7665 2e20 2049 6620 626f e active. If bo\n+00032ea0: 7468 2074 6865 2073 6570 6172 6174 6f72 th the separator\n+00032eb0: 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 7479 7065 2061 . and type a\n+00032ec0: 7265 206f 6d69 7474 6564 2c20 7468 656e re omitted, then\n+00032ed0: 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2077 the partition w\n+00032ee0: 696c 6c20 6265 2069 6e61 6374 6976 652e ill be inactive.\n+00032ef0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00032f00: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6861 6c74 nfo, Node: halt\n+00032f10: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2068 6173 6873 756d , Next: hashsum\n+00032f20: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2067 7074 7379 6e63 , Prev: gptsync\n+00032f30: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+00032f40: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n+00032f50: 2e34 2e33 3320 6861 6c74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d .4.33 halt.-----\n+00032f60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+00032f70: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6861 6c74 205b 2d2d 6e6f mand: halt [--no\n+00032f80: 2d61 706d 5d0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 -apm]. The c\n+00032f90: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2068 616c 7473 2074 6865 ommand halts the\n+00032fa0: 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 722e 2020 4f6e 2074 computer. On t\n+00032fb0: 6865 2069 3338 362d 7063 2074 6172 6765 he i386-pc targe\n+00032fc0: 742c 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d t, the. ...-\n+00032fd0: 2d6e 6f2d 6170 6de2 8099 206f 7074 696f -no-apm... optio\n+00032fe0: 6e2c 206f 7220 7368 6f72 7420 e280 982d n, or short ...-\n+00032ff0: 6ee2 8099 2c20 6973 2073 7065 6369 6669 n..., is specifi\n+00033000: 6564 2c20 6e6f 2041 504d 2042 494f 5320 ed, no APM BIOS \n+00033010: 6361 6c6c 2069 730a 2020 2020 2070 6572 call is. per\n+00033020: 666f 726d 6564 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 formed. Otherwi\n+00033030: 7365 2c20 7468 6520 636f 6d70 7574 6572 se, the computer\n+00033040: 2069 7320 7368 7574 2064 6f77 6e20 7573 is shut down us\n+00033050: 696e 6720 4150 4d20 6f6e 2074 6861 740a ing APM on that.\n+00033060: 2020 2020 2074 6172 6765 742e 0a0a 1f0a target.....\n+00033070: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00033080: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6861 7368 7375 6d2c Node: hashsum,\n+00033090: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6865 6c70 2c20 2050 Next: help, P\n+000330a0: 7265 763a 2068 616c 742c 2020 5570 3a20 rev: halt, Up: \n+000330b0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+000330c0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3334 2068 mands..17.4.34 h\n+000330d0: 6173 6873 756d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ashsum.---------\n+000330e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+000330f0: 616e 643a 2068 6173 6873 756d 202d 2d68 and: hashsum --h\n+00033100: 6173 6820 6861 7368 202d 2d6b 6565 702d ash hash --keep-\n+00033110: 676f 696e 6720 2d2d 756e 636f 6d70 7265 going --uncompre\n+00033120: 7373 202d 2d63 6865 636b 2066 696c 650a ss --check file.\n+00033130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d70 7265 [--pre\n+00033140: 6669 7820 6469 725d 7c66 696c 6520 2e2e fix dir]|file ..\n+00033150: 2e0a 2020 2020 2043 6f6d 7075 7465 206f .. Compute o\n+00033160: 7220 7665 7269 6679 2066 696c 6520 6861 r verify file ha\n+00033170: 7368 6573 2e20 2048 6173 6820 7479 7065 shes. Hash type\n+00033180: 2069 7320 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2077 6974 is selected wit\n+00033190: 6820 6f70 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 h option. ..\n+000331a0: 982d 2d68 6173 68e2 8099 2e20 2053 7570 .--hash.... Sup\n+000331b0: 706f 7274 6564 2068 6173 6865 7320 6172 ported hashes ar\n+000331c0: 653a 20e2 8098 6164 6c65 7233 32e2 8099 e: ...adler32...\n+000331d0: 2c20 e280 9863 7263 3634 e280 992c 20e2 , ...crc64..., .\n+000331e0: 8098 6372 6333 32e2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 ..crc32...,. \n+000331f0: 20e2 8098 6372 6333 3272 6663 3135 3130 ...crc32rfc1510\n+00033200: e280 992c 20e2 8098 6372 6332 3472 6663 ..., ...crc24rfc\n+00033210: 3234 3430 e280 992c 20e2 8098 6d64 34e2 2440..., ...md4.\n+00033220: 8099 2c20 e280 986d 6435 e280 992c 20e2 .., ...md5..., .\n+00033230: 8098 7269 7065 6d64 3136 30e2 8099 2c20 ..ripemd160..., \n+00033240: e280 9873 6861 31e2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 ...sha1...,. \n+00033250: 20e2 8098 7368 6132 3234 e280 992c 20e2 ...sha224..., .\n+00033260: 8098 7368 6132 3536 e280 992c 20e2 8098 ..sha256..., ...\n+00033270: 7368 6135 3132 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7368 sha512..., ...sh\n+00033280: 6133 3834 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7469 6765 a384..., ...tige\n+00033290: 7231 3932 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7469 6765 r192..., ...tige\n+000332a0: 72e2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7469 r...,. ...ti\n+000332b0: 6765 7232 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7768 6972 ger2..., ...whir\n+000332c0: 6c70 6f6f 6ce2 8099 2e20 204f 7074 696f lpool.... Optio\n+000332d0: 6e20 e280 982d 2d75 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 n ...--uncompres\n+000332e0: 73e2 8099 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 s... uncompresse\n+000332f0: 7320 6669 6c65 730a 2020 2020 2062 6566 s files. bef\n+00033300: 6f72 6520 636f 6d70 7574 696e 6720 6861 ore computing ha\n+00033310: 7368 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5768 656e 206c sh... When l\n+00033320: 6973 7420 6f66 2066 696c 6573 2069 7320 ist of files is \n+00033330: 6769 7665 6e2c 2068 6173 6820 6f66 2065 given, hash of e\n+00033340: 6163 6820 6669 6c65 2069 7320 636f 6d70 ach file is comp\n+00033350: 7574 6564 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7072 uted and. pr\n+00033360: 696e 7465 642c 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 inted, followed \n+00033370: 6279 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2c20 6561 by file name, ea\n+00033380: 6368 2066 696c 6520 6f6e 2061 206e 6577 ch file on a new\n+00033390: 206c 696e 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6865 line... Whe\n+000333a0: 6e20 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6368 n option ...--ch\n+000333b0: 6563 6be2 8099 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c eck... is given,\n+000333c0: 2069 7420 706f 696e 7473 2074 6f20 6120 it points to a \n+000333d0: 6669 6c65 2074 6861 7420 636f 6e74 6169 file that contai\n+000333e0: 6e73 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 7374 206f 6620 ns. list of \n+000333f0: 4841 5348 204e 414d 4520 7061 6972 7320 HASH NAME pairs \n+00033400: 696e 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 666f 726d in the same form\n+00033410: 6174 2061 7320 7573 6564 2062 7920 554e at as used by UN\n+00033420: 4958 20e2 8098 6d64 3573 756d e280 990a IX ...md5sum....\n+00033430: 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 204f command. O\n+00033440: 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d70 7265 6669 ption ...--prefi\n+00033450: 78e2 8099 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 x... may be used\n+00033460: 2074 6f20 6769 7665 2064 6972 6563 746f to give directo\n+00033470: 7279 2077 6865 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6669 ry where. fi\n+00033480: 6c65 7320 6172 6520 6c6f 6361 7465 642e les are located.\n+00033490: 2020 4861 7368 2076 6572 6966 6963 6174 Hash verificat\n+000334a0: 696f 6e20 7374 6f70 7320 6166 7465 7220 ion stops after \n+000334b0: 7468 6520 6669 7273 740a 2020 2020 206d the first. m\n+000334c0: 6973 6d61 7463 6820 7761 7320 666f 756e ismatch was foun\n+000334d0: 6420 756e 6c65 7373 206f 7074 696f 6e20 d unless option \n+000334e0: e280 982d 2d6b 6565 702d 676f 696e 67e2 ...--keep-going.\n+000334f0: 8099 2077 6173 2067 6976 656e 2e20 2054 .. was given. T\n+00033500: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6578 6974 2063 6f64 he. exit cod\n+00033510: 6520 e280 9824 3fe2 8099 2069 7320 7365 e ...$?... is se\n+00033520: 7420 746f 2030 2069 6620 6861 7368 2076 t to 0 if hash v\n+00033530: 6572 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 6973 2073 erification is s\n+00033540: 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c2e 2020 4966 0a20 uccessful. If. \n+00033550: 2020 2020 6974 2066 6169 6c73 2c20 e280 it fails, ..\n+00033560: 9824 3fe2 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f .$?... is set to\n+00033570: 2061 206e 6f6e 7a65 726f 2076 616c 7565 a nonzero value\n+00033580: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00033590: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2068 656c info, Node: hel\n+000335a0: 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6865 7864 756d p, Next: hexdum\n+000335b0: 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6861 7368 7375 p, Prev: hashsu\n+000335c0: 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d m, Up: Command-\n+000335d0: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+000335e0: 372e 342e 3335 2068 656c 700a 2d2d 2d2d 7.4.35 help.----\n+000335f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+00033600: 6d6d 616e 643a 2068 656c 7020 5b70 6174 mmand: help [pat\n+00033610: 7465 726e 202e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 2044 tern ...]. D\n+00033620: 6973 706c 6179 2068 656c 7066 756c 2069 isplay helpful i\n+00033630: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 626f 7574 nformation about\n+00033640: 2062 7569 6c74 696e 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 builtin command\n+00033650: 732e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2064 6f20 6e6f s. If you do no\n+00033660: 740a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6679 2050 t. specify P\n+00033670: 4154 5445 524e 2c20 7468 6973 2063 6f6d ATTERN, this com\n+00033680: 6d61 6e64 2073 686f 7773 2073 686f 7274 mand shows short\n+00033690: 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 7320 6f66 descriptions of\n+000336a0: 2061 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 6176 6169 6c61 all. availa\n+000336b0: 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2e0a 0a20 ble commands... \n+000336c0: 2020 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2073 7065 6369 If you speci\n+000336d0: 6679 2061 6e79 2050 4154 5445 524e 532c fy any PATTERNS,\n+000336e0: 2069 7420 6469 7370 6c61 7973 206c 6f6e it displays lon\n+000336f0: 6765 7220 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 ger information \n+00033700: 6162 6f75 740a 2020 2020 2065 6163 6820 about. each \n+00033710: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 of the commands \n+00033720: 7768 6f73 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6265 6769 whose names begi\n+00033730: 6e20 7769 7468 2074 686f 7365 2050 4154 n with those PAT\n+00033740: 5445 524e 532e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 TERNS.....File: \n+00033750: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00033760: 3a20 6865 7864 756d 702c 2020 4e65 7874 : hexdump, Next\n+00033770: 3a20 696e 736d 6f64 2c20 2050 7265 763a : insmod, Prev:\n+00033780: 2068 656c 702c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d help, Up: Comm\n+00033790: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+000337a0: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3336 2068 6578 6475 s..17.4.36 hexdu\n+000337b0: 6d70 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d mp.-------------\n+000337c0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+000337d0: 2068 6578 6475 6d70 205b 2d2d 736b 6970 hexdump [--skip\n+000337e0: 206f 6666 7365 745d 205b 2d2d 6c65 6e67 offset] [--leng\n+000337f0: 7468 206c 656e 5d20 4649 4c45 5f4f 525f th len] FILE_OR_\n+00033800: 4445 5649 4345 0a20 2020 2020 5368 6f77 DEVICE. Show\n+00033810: 2072 6177 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 raw contents of\n+00033820: 2061 2066 696c 6520 6f72 206d 656d 6f72 a file or memor\n+00033830: 792e 2020 5768 656e 206f 7074 696f 6e20 y. When option \n+00033840: e280 982d 2d73 6b69 70e2 8099 2069 730a ...--skip... is.\n+00033850: 2020 2020 2067 6976 656e 2c20 e280 986f given, ...o\n+00033860: 6666 7365 74e2 8099 206e 756d 6265 7220 ffset... number \n+00033870: 6f66 2062 7974 6573 2061 7265 2073 6b69 of bytes are ski\n+00033880: 7070 6564 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 7374 pped from the st\n+00033890: 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 art of the. \n+000338a0: 6465 7669 6365 206f 7220 6669 6c65 2067 device or file g\n+000338b0: 6976 656e 2e20 2041 6e64 20e2 8098 2d2d iven. And ...--\n+000338c0: 6c65 6e67 7468 e280 9920 616c 6c6f 7773 length... allows\n+000338d0: 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 6120 6d61 specifying a ma\n+000338e0: 7869 6d75 6d0a 2020 2020 206e 756d 6265 ximum. numbe\n+000338f0: 7220 6f66 2062 7974 6573 2074 6f20 6265 r of bytes to be\n+00033900: 2073 686f 776e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 shown... If\n+00033910: 2067 6976 656e 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 given the speci\n+00033920: 616c 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 al device named \n+00033930: e280 9828 6d65 6d29 e280 992c 2074 6865 ...(mem)..., the\n+00033940: 6e20 7468 6520 e280 986f 6666 7365 74e2 n the ...offset.\n+00033950: 8099 2067 6976 656e 0a20 2020 2020 746f .. given. to\n+00033960: 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 e280 9920 6973 ...--skip... is\n+00033970: 2074 7265 6174 6564 2061 7320 7468 6520 treated as the \n+00033980: 6164 6472 6573 7320 6f66 2061 206d 656d address of a mem\n+00033990: 6f72 7920 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 ory location to \n+000339a0: 6475 6d70 0a20 2020 2020 6672 6f6d 2e0a dump. from..\n+000339b0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+000339c0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2069 6e73 6d6f fo, Node: insmo\n+000339d0: 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6b65 7973 7461 d, Next: keysta\n+000339e0: 7475 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6865 7864 tus, Prev: hexd\n+000339f0: 756d 702c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e ump, Up: Comman\n+00033a00: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n+00033a10: 0a31 372e 342e 3337 2069 6e73 6d6f 640a .17.4.37 insmod.\n+00033a20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00033a30: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2069 6e73 -- Command: ins\n+00033a40: 6d6f 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 mod module. \n+00033a50: 496e 7365 7274 2074 6865 2064 796e 616d Insert the dynam\n+00033a60: 6963 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 2063 ic GRUB module c\n+00033a70: 616c 6c65 6420 4d4f 4455 4c45 2e0a 0a1f alled MODULE....\n+00033a80: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00033a90: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206b 6579 7374 6174 , Node: keystat\n+00033aa0: 7573 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 6973 745f us, Next: list_\n+00033ab0: 656e 762c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 696e 736d env, Prev: insm\n+00033ac0: 6f64 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 od, Up: Command\n+00033ad0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+00033ae0: 3137 2e34 2e33 3820 6b65 7973 7461 7475 17.4.38 keystatu\n+00033af0: 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d s.--------------\n+00033b00: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+00033b10: 3a20 6b65 7973 7461 7475 7320 5b2d 2d73 : keystatus [--s\n+00033b20: 6869 6674 5d20 5b2d 2d63 7472 6c5d 205b hift] [--ctrl] [\n+00033b30: 2d2d 616c 745d 0a20 2020 2020 5265 7475 --alt]. Retu\n+00033b40: 726e 2074 7275 6520 6966 2074 6865 2053 rn true if the S\n+00033b50: 6869 6674 2c20 436f 6e74 726f 6c2c 206f hift, Control, o\n+00033b60: 7220 416c 7420 6d6f 6469 6669 6572 206b r Alt modifier k\n+00033b70: 6579 7320 6172 6520 6865 6c64 0a20 2020 eys are held. \n+00033b80: 2020 646f 776e 2c20 6173 2072 6571 7565 down, as reque\n+00033b90: 7374 6564 2062 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e 732e sted by options.\n+00033ba0: 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 7573 6566 756c This is useful\n+00033bb0: 2069 6e20 7363 7269 7074 696e 672c 2074 in scripting, t\n+00033bc0: 6f0a 2020 2020 2061 6c6c 6f77 2073 6f6d o. allow som\n+00033bd0: 6520 7573 6572 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 206f e user control o\n+00033be0: 7665 7220 6265 6861 7669 6f75 7220 7769 ver behaviour wi\n+00033bf0: 7468 6f75 7420 6861 7669 6e67 2074 6f20 thout having to \n+00033c00: 7761 6974 2066 6f72 2061 0a20 2020 2020 wait for a. \n+00033c10: 6b65 7970 7265 7373 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 keypress... \n+00033c20: 4368 6563 6b69 6e67 206b 6579 206d 6f64 Checking key mod\n+00033c30: 6966 6965 7220 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 ifier status is \n+00033c40: 6f6e 6c79 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 206f only supported o\n+00033c50: 6e20 736f 6d65 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 n some platforms\n+00033c60: 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 696e 766f 6b65 .. If invoke\n+00033c70: 6420 7769 7468 6f75 7420 616e 7920 6f70 d without any op\n+00033c80: 7469 6f6e 732c 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6b65 tions, the ...ke\n+00033c90: 7973 7461 7475 73e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 ystatus... comma\n+00033ca0: 6e64 2072 6574 7572 6e73 0a20 2020 2020 nd returns. \n+00033cb0: 7472 7565 2069 6620 616e 6420 6f6e 6c79 true if and only\n+00033cc0: 2069 6620 6368 6563 6b69 6e67 206b 6579 if checking key\n+00033cd0: 206d 6f64 6966 6965 7220 7374 6174 7573 modifier status\n+00033ce0: 2069 7320 7375 7070 6f72 7465 642e 0a0a is supported...\n+00033cf0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00033d00: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 7374 5f65 o, Node: list_e\n+00033d10: 6e76 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 6973 745f nv, Next: list_\n+00033d20: 7472 7573 7465 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 trusted, Prev: \n+00033d30: 6b65 7973 7461 7475 732c 2020 5570 3a20 keystatus, Up: \n+00033d40: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+00033d50: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3339 206c mands..17.4.39 l\n+00033d60: 6973 745f 656e 760a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ist_env.--------\n+00033d70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+00033d80: 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 6973 745f 656e 7620 mmand: list_env \n+00033d90: 5b2d 2d66 696c 6520 6669 6c65 5d0a 2020 [--file file]. \n+00033da0: 2020 204c 6973 7420 616c 6c20 7661 7269 List all vari\n+00033db0: 6162 6c65 7320 696e 2074 6865 2065 6e76 ables in the env\n+00033dc0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2066 ironment block f\n+00033dd0: 696c 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 ile. *Note. \n+00033de0: 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f Environment blo\n+00033df0: 636b 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 ck::... The \n+00033e00: e280 982d 2d66 696c 65e2 8099 206f 7074 ...--file... opt\n+00033e10: 696f 6e20 6f76 6572 7269 6465 7320 7468 ion overrides th\n+00033e20: 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6c6f 6361 7469 e default locati\n+00033e30: 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2065 on of the. e\n+00033e40: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b nvironment block\n+00033e50: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00033e60: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 6973 info, Node: lis\n+00033e70: 745f 7472 7573 7465 642c 2020 4e65 7874 t_trusted, Next\n+00033e80: 3a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 2c20 2050 7265 : load_env, Pre\n+00033e90: 763a 206c 6973 745f 656e 762c 2020 5570 v: list_env, Up\n+00033ea0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+00033eb0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3430 ommands..17.4.40\n+00033ec0: 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 640a 2d2d list_trusted.--\n+00033ed0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00033ee0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+00033ef0: 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 640a 2020 list_trusted. \n+00033f00: 2020 204c 6973 7420 616c 6c20 7075 626c List all publ\n+00033f10: 6963 206b 6579 7320 7472 7573 7465 6420 ic keys trusted \n+00033f20: 6279 2047 5255 4220 666f 7220 7661 6c69 by GRUB for vali\n+00033f30: 6461 7469 6e67 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 dating signature\n+00033f40: 732e 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6f75 7470 s.. The outp\n+00033f50: 7574 2069 7320 696e 2047 5047 2773 2076 ut is in GPG's v\n+00033f60: 3420 6b65 7920 6669 6e67 6572 7072 696e 4 key fingerprin\n+00033f70: 7420 666f 726d 6174 2028 692e 652e 2c20 t format (i.e., \n+00033f80: 7468 6520 6f75 7470 7574 0a20 2020 2020 the output. \n+00033f90: 6f66 20e2 8098 6770 6720 2d2d 6669 6e67 of ...gpg --fing\n+00033fa0: 6572 7072 696e 74e2 8099 292e 2020 5468 erprint...). Th\n+00033fb0: 6520 6c65 6173 7420 7369 676e 6966 6963 e least signific\n+00033fc0: 616e 7420 666f 7572 2062 7974 6573 2028 ant four bytes (\n+00033fd0: 6c61 7374 0a20 2020 2020 6569 6768 7420 last. eight \n+00033fe0: 6865 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 6469 6769 hexadecimal digi\n+00033ff0: 7473 2920 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 ts) can be used \n+00034000: 6173 2061 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2074 as an argument t\n+00034010: 6f20 e280 9864 6973 7472 7573 74e2 8099 o ...distrust...\n+00034020: 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2064 6973 . (*note dis\n+00034030: 7472 7573 743a 3a29 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 trust::). *Note\n+00034040: 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 Using digital s\n+00034050: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 ignatures::, for\n+00034060: 206d 6f72 650a 2020 2020 2069 6e66 6f72 more. infor\n+00034070: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 626f 7574 2075 7365 mation about use\n+00034080: 7320 666f 7220 7468 6573 6520 6b65 7973 s for these keys\n+00034090: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+000340a0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 6f61 info, Node: loa\n+000340b0: 645f 656e 762c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c6f d_env, Next: lo\n+000340c0: 6164 666f 6e74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c adfont, Prev: l\n+000340d0: 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 642c 2020 5570 ist_trusted, Up\n+000340e0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+000340f0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3431 ommands..17.4.41\n+00034100: 206c 6f61 645f 656e 760a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d load_env.------\n+00034110: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+00034120: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 6f61 645f 656e Command: load_en\n+00034130: 7620 5b2d 2d66 696c 6520 6669 6c65 5d20 v [--file file] \n+00034140: 5b2d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 675d 0a20 2020 [--skip-sig]. \n+00034150: 2020 2020 2020 205b 7768 6974 656c 6973 [whitelis\n+00034160: 7465 645f 7661 7269 6162 6c65 5f6e 616d ted_variable_nam\n+00034170: 655d 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 e] .... Load\n+00034180: 2061 6c6c 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2066 all variables f\n+00034190: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d rom the environm\n+000341a0: 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b20 6669 6c65 2069 ent block file i\n+000341b0: 6e74 6f20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2065 6e76 nto the. env\n+000341c0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 ironment. *Note\n+000341d0: 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f Environment blo\n+000341e0: 636b 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 ck::... The \n+000341f0: e280 982d 2d66 696c 65e2 8099 206f 7074 ...--file... opt\n+00034200: 696f 6e20 6f76 6572 7269 6465 7320 7468 ion overrides th\n+00034210: 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6c6f 6361 7469 e default locati\n+00034220: 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2065 on of the. e\n+00034230: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b nvironment block\n+00034240: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d ... The ...-\n+00034250: 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 67e2 8099 206f 7074 -skip-sig... opt\n+00034260: 696f 6e20 736b 6970 7320 7369 676e 6174 ion skips signat\n+00034270: 7572 6520 6368 6563 6b69 6e67 2065 7665 ure checking eve\n+00034280: 6e20 7768 656e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 n when the. \n+00034290: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e value of environ\n+000342a0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 ment variable ..\n+000342b0: 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 .check_signature\n+000342c0: 73e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 0a20 s... is set to. \n+000342d0: 2020 2020 e280 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 ...enforce..\n+000342e0: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2063 6865 636b 5f73 . (*note check_s\n+000342f0: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 ignatures::)... \n+00034300: 2020 2020 4966 206f 6e65 206f 7220 6d6f If one or mo\n+00034310: 7265 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6e61 6d65 re variable name\n+00034320: 7320 6172 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2061 s are provided a\n+00034330: 7320 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732c 2074 6865 s arguments, the\n+00034340: 7920 6172 650a 2020 2020 2069 6e74 6572 y are. inter\n+00034350: 7072 6574 6564 2061 7320 6120 7768 6974 preted as a whit\n+00034360: 656c 6973 7420 6f66 2076 6172 6961 626c elist of variabl\n+00034370: 6573 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 2066 726f 6d20 es to load from \n+00034380: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e the. environ\n+00034390: 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2066 696c 652e ment block file.\n+000343a0: 2020 5661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 7365 7420 Variables set \n+000343b0: 696e 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 6275 7420 in the file but \n+000343c0: 6e6f 7420 7072 6573 656e 740a 2020 2020 not present. \n+000343d0: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7768 6974 656c 6973 in the whitelis\n+000343e0: 7420 6172 6520 6967 6e6f 7265 642e 0a0a t are ignored...\n+000343f0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b The ...--sk\n+00034400: 6970 2d73 6967 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e ip-sig... option\n+00034410: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2075 7365 6420 should be used \n+00034420: 7769 7468 2063 6172 652c 2061 6e64 2073 with care, and s\n+00034430: 686f 756c 6420 616c 7761 7973 0a20 2020 hould always. \n+00034440: 2020 6265 2075 7365 6420 696e 2063 6f6e be used in con\n+00034450: 6365 7274 2077 6974 6820 6120 7768 6974 cert with a whit\n+00034460: 656c 6973 7420 6f66 2061 6363 6570 7461 elist of accepta\n+00034470: 626c 6520 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 7768 ble variables wh\n+00034480: 6f73 650a 2020 2020 2076 616c 7565 7320 ose. values \n+00034490: 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7365 742e 2020 should be set. \n+000344a0: 4661 696c 7572 6520 746f 2065 6d70 6c6f Failure to emplo\n+000344b0: 7920 6120 6361 7265 6675 6c6c 7920 636f y a carefully co\n+000344c0: 6e73 7472 7563 7465 640a 2020 2020 2077 nstructed. w\n+000344d0: 6869 7465 6c69 7374 2063 6f75 6c64 2072 hitelist could r\n+000344e0: 6573 756c 7420 696e 2072 6561 6469 6e67 esult in reading\n+000344f0: 2061 206d 616c 6963 696f 7573 2076 616c a malicious val\n+00034500: 7565 2069 6e74 6f20 6372 6974 6963 616c ue into critical\n+00034510: 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e . environmen\n+00034520: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d t variables from\n+00034530: 2074 6865 2066 696c 652c 2073 7563 6820 the file, such \n+00034540: 6173 2073 6574 7469 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 as setting. \n+00034550: e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 ...check_signatu\n+00034560: 7265 733d 6e6f e280 992c 206d 6f64 6966 res=no..., modif\n+00034570: 7969 6e67 20e2 8098 7072 6566 6978 e280 ying ...prefix..\n+00034580: 9920 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 6672 6f6d 2061 . to boot from a\n+00034590: 6e0a 2020 2020 2075 6e65 7870 6563 7465 n. unexpecte\n+000345a0: 6420 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 7220 6e6f d location or no\n+000345b0: 7420 6174 2061 6c6c 2c20 6574 632e 0a0a t at all, etc...\n+000345c0: 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 7573 6564 2077 When used w\n+000345d0: 6974 6820 6361 7265 2c20 e280 982d 2d73 ith care, ...--s\n+000345e0: 6b69 702d 7369 67e2 8099 2061 6e64 2074 kip-sig... and t\n+000345f0: 6865 2077 6869 7465 6c69 7374 2065 6e61 he whitelist ena\n+00034600: 626c 6520 616e 0a20 2020 2020 6164 6d69 ble an. admi\n+00034610: 6e69 7374 7261 746f 7220 746f 2063 6f6e nistrator to con\n+00034620: 6669 6775 7265 2061 2073 7973 7465 6d20 figure a system \n+00034630: 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 6f6e 6c79 2073 6967 to boot only sig\n+00034640: 6e65 640a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 ned. configu\n+00034650: 7261 7469 6f6e 732c 2062 7574 2074 6f20 rations, but to \n+00034660: 616c 6c6f 7720 7468 6520 7573 6572 2074 allow the user t\n+00034670: 6f20 7365 6c65 6374 2066 726f 6d20 616d o select from am\n+00034680: 6f6e 6720 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 0a20 2020 ong multiple. \n+00034690: 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 configurations\n+000346a0: 2c20 616e 6420 746f 2065 6e61 626c 6520 , and to enable \n+000346b0: 226f 6e65 2d73 686f 7422 2062 6f6f 7420 \"one-shot\" boot \n+000346c0: 6174 7465 6d70 7473 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 attempts and. \n+000346d0: 2020 2273 6176 6564 6566 6175 6c74 2220 \"savedefault\" \n+000346e0: 6265 6861 7669 6f72 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 behavior. *Note\n+000346f0: 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 Using digital s\n+00034700: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 ignatures::, for\n+00034710: 206d 6f72 650a 2020 2020 2069 6e66 6f72 more. infor\n+00034720: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a mation.....File:\n+00034730: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00034740: 653a 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e 742c 2020 4e65 e: loadfont, Ne\n+00034750: 7874 3a20 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2c20 2050 xt: loopback, P\n+00034760: 7265 763a 206c 6f61 645f 656e 762c 2020 rev: load_env, \n+00034770: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+00034780: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n+00034790: 3432 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e 740a 2d2d 2d2d 42 loadfont.----\n+000347a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+000347b0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 6f61 6466 - Command: loadf\n+000347c0: 6f6e 7420 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 ont file .... \n+000347d0: 2020 4c6f 6164 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 Load specified\n+000347e0: 2066 6f6e 7420 6669 6c65 732e 2020 556e font files. Un\n+000347f0: 6c65 7373 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 7061 less absolute pa\n+00034800: 7468 6e61 6d65 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c thname is given,\n+00034810: 2046 494c 450a 2020 2020 2069 7320 6173 FILE. is as\n+00034820: 7375 6d65 6420 746f 2062 6520 696e 2064 sumed to be in d\n+00034830: 6972 6563 746f 7279 20e2 8098 2470 7265 irectory ...$pre\n+00034840: 6669 782f 666f 6e74 73e2 8099 2077 6974 fix/fonts... wit\n+00034850: 6820 7375 6666 6978 20e2 8098 2e70 6632 h suffix ....pf2\n+00034860: e280 990a 2020 2020 2061 7070 656e 6465 .... appende\n+00034870: 642e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 466f 6e74 733a d. *Note Fonts:\n+00034880: 2054 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6520 666f 726d Theme file form\n+00034890: 6174 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 at.....File: gru\n+000348a0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c b.info, Node: l\n+000348b0: 6f6f 7062 6163 6b2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 oopback, Next: \n+000348c0: 6c73 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 6f61 6466 ls, Prev: loadf\n+000348d0: 6f6e 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e ont, Up: Comman\n+000348e0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n+000348f0: 0a31 372e 342e 3433 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 .17.4.43 loopbac\n+00034900: 6b0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d k.--------------\n+00034910: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+00034920: 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 5b2d 645d 205b loopback [-d] [\n+00034930: 2d44 5d20 6465 7669 6365 2066 696c 650a -D] device file.\n+00034940: 2020 2020 204d 616b 6520 7468 6520 6465 Make the de\n+00034950: 7669 6365 206e 616d 6564 2044 4556 4943 vice named DEVIC\n+00034960: 4520 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 2074 6f20 E correspond to \n+00034970: 7468 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 the contents of \n+00034980: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 7973 the. filesys\n+00034990: 7465 6d20 696d 6167 6520 696e 2046 494c tem image in FIL\n+000349a0: 452e 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 653a E. For example:\n+000349b0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c6f 6f70 .. loop\n+000349c0: 6261 636b 206c 6f6f 7030 202f 7061 7468 back loop0 /path\n+000349d0: 2f74 6f2f 696d 6167 650a 2020 2020 2020 /to/image. \n+000349e0: 2020 2020 6c73 2028 6c6f 6f70 3029 2f0a ls (loop0)/.\n+000349f0: 0a20 2020 2020 5370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 . Specifying\n+00034a00: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d44 e280 9920 6f70 the ...-D... op\n+00034a10: 7469 6f6e 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 7468 6520 tion allows the \n+00034a20: 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2066 696c 6520 746f loopback file to\n+00034a30: 2062 650a 2020 2020 2074 7261 6e70 6172 be. tranpar\n+00034a40: 656e 746c 7920 6465 636f 6d70 7265 7373 ently decompress\n+00034a50: 6564 2069 6620 7468 6572 6520 6973 2061 ed if there is a\n+00034a60: 6e20 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 6465 n appropriate de\n+00034a70: 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 compressor. \n+00034a80: 6c6f 6164 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 loaded... Wi\n+00034a90: 7468 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d64 e280 9920 th the ...-d... \n+00034aa0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 6465 6c65 7465 2061 option, delete a\n+00034ab0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 7072 6576 696f 7573 device previous\n+00034ac0: 6c79 2063 7265 6174 6564 2075 7369 6e67 ly created using\n+00034ad0: 2074 6869 730a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 this. comma\n+00034ae0: 6e64 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 nd.....File: gru\n+00034af0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c b.info, Node: l\n+00034b00: 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c73 666f 6e74 s, Next: lsfont\n+00034b10: 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c6f 6f70 6261 s, Prev: loopba\n+00034b20: 636b 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ck, Up: Command\n+00034b30: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+00034b40: 3137 2e34 2e34 3420 6c73 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 17.4.44 ls.-----\n+00034b50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+00034b60: 6e64 3a20 6c73 205b 6172 6720 2e2e 2e5d nd: ls [arg ...]\n+00034b70: 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2064 6576 6963 . List devic\n+00034b80: 6573 206f 7220 6669 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 es or files... \n+00034b90: 2020 2057 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 756d With no argum\n+00034ba0: 656e 7473 2c20 7072 696e 7420 616c 6c20 ents, print all \n+00034bb0: 6465 7669 6365 7320 6b6e 6f77 6e20 746f devices known to\n+00034bc0: 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 GRUB... If \n+00034bd0: 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 the argument is \n+00034be0: 6120 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 656e a device name en\n+00034bf0: 636c 6f73 6564 2069 6e20 7061 7265 6e74 closed in parent\n+00034c00: 6865 7365 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 heses (*note. \n+00034c10: 2020 4465 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 783a Device syntax:\n+00034c20: 3a29 2c20 7468 656e 2070 7269 6e74 2074 :), then print t\n+00034c30: 6865 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2066 he name of the f\n+00034c40: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 6f66 2074 6861 ilesystem of tha\n+00034c50: 740a 2020 2020 2064 6576 6963 652e 0a0a t. device...\n+00034c60: 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 6172 6775 If the argu\n+00034c70: 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 6120 6469 7265 6374 ment is a direct\n+00034c80: 6f72 7920 6769 7665 6e20 6173 2061 6e20 ory given as an \n+00034c90: 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2066 696c 6520 6e61 absolute file na\n+00034ca0: 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 me. (*note F\n+00034cb0: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 783a ile name syntax:\n+00034cc0: 3a29 2c20 7468 656e 206c 6973 7420 7468 :), then list th\n+00034cd0: 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 7468 e contents of th\n+00034ce0: 6174 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7265 6374 6f72 at. director\n+00034cf0: 792e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 y.....File: grub\n+00034d00: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 .info, Node: ls\n+00034d10: 666f 6e74 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c73 fonts, Next: ls\n+00034d20: 6d6f 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c73 2c20 mod, Prev: ls, \n+00034d30: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+00034d40: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+00034d50: 2e34 3520 6c73 666f 6e74 730a 2d2d 2d2d .45 lsfonts.----\n+00034d60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+00034d70: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c73 666f 6e74 Command: lsfont\n+00034d80: 730a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 6c6f 6164 s. List load\n+00034d90: 6564 2066 6f6e 7473 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ed fonts.....Fil\n+00034da0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00034db0: 6f64 653a 206c 736d 6f64 2c20 204e 6578 ode: lsmod, Nex\n+00034dc0: 743a 206d 6435 7375 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 t: md5sum, Prev\n+00034dd0: 3a20 6c73 666f 6e74 732c 2020 5570 3a20 : lsfonts, Up: \n+00034de0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+00034df0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3436 206c mands..17.4.46 l\n+00034e00: 736d 6f64 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d smod.-----------\n+00034e10: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+00034e20: 206c 736d 6f64 0a20 2020 2020 5368 6f77 lsmod. Show\n+00034e30: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 206c 6f61 6465 6420 list of loaded \n+00034e40: 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 modules.....File\n+00034e50: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00034e60: 6465 3a20 6d64 3573 756d 2c20 204e 6578 de: md5sum, Nex\n+00034e70: 743a 206d 6f64 756c 652c 2020 5072 6576 t: module, Prev\n+00034e80: 3a20 6c73 6d6f 642c 2020 5570 3a20 436f : lsmod, Up: Co\n+00034e90: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+00034ea0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3437 206d 6435 nds..17.4.47 md5\n+00034eb0: 7375 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d sum.------------\n+00034ec0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+00034ed0: 206d 6435 7375 6d20 6172 6720 2e2e 2e0a md5sum arg ....\n+00034ee0: 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 20e2 Alias for .\n+00034ef0: 8098 6861 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 ..hashsum --hash\n+00034f00: 206d 6435 2061 7267 202e 2e2e e280 992e md5 arg .......\n+00034f10: 2020 5365 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 See command ..\n+00034f20: 9868 6173 6873 756d e280 990a 2020 2020 .hashsum.... \n+00034f30: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6861 7368 7375 6d3a (*note hashsum:\n+00034f40: 3a29 2066 6f72 2066 756c 6c20 6465 7363 :) for full desc\n+00034f50: 7269 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 ription.....File\n+00034f60: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00034f70: 6465 3a20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2c20 204e 6578 de: module, Nex\n+00034f80: 743a 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2c20 2050 t: multiboot, P\n+00034f90: 7265 763a 206d 6435 7375 6d2c 2020 5570 rev: md5sum, Up\n+00034fa0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+00034fb0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3438 ommands..17.4.48\n+00034fc0: 206d 6f64 756c 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d module.--------\n+00034fd0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+00034fe0: 616e 643a 206d 6f64 756c 6520 5b2d 2d6e and: module [--n\n+00034ff0: 6f75 6e7a 6970 5d20 6669 6c65 205b 6172 ounzip] file [ar\n+00035000: 6775 6d65 6e74 735d 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f guments]. Lo\n+00035010: 6164 2061 206d 6f64 756c 6520 666f 7220 ad a module for \n+00035020: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c multiboot kernel\n+00035030: 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6573 image. The res\n+00035040: 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6973 t of the line is\n+00035050: 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7373 6564 2076 6572 . passed ver\n+00035060: 6261 7469 6d20 6173 2074 6865 206d 6f64 batim as the mod\n+00035070: 756c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 ule command line\n+00035080: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00035090: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206d 756c info, Node: mul\n+000350a0: 7469 626f 6f74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e tiboot, Next: n\n+000350b0: 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b2c 2020 5072 6576 ativedisk, Prev\n+000350c0: 3a20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2c20 2055 703a 2043 : module, Up: C\n+000350d0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+000350e0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3920 6d75 ands..17.4.49 mu\n+000350f0: 6c74 6962 6f6f 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ltiboot.--------\n+00035100: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+00035110: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f ommand: multiboo\n+00035120: 7420 5b2d 2d71 7569 726b 2d62 6164 2d6b t [--quirk-bad-k\n+00035130: 6c75 6467 655d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ludge]. \n+00035140: 205b 2d2d 7175 6972 6b2d 6d6f 6475 6c65 [--quirk-module\n+00035150: 732d 6166 7465 722d 6b65 726e 656c 5d20 s-after-kernel] \n+00035160: 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f file .... Lo\n+00035170: 6164 2061 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 206b ad a multiboot k\n+00035180: 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6520 6672 6f6d ernel image from\n+00035190: 2046 494c 452e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7374 FILE. The rest\n+000351a0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2069 730a of the line is.\n+000351b0: 2020 2020 2070 6173 7365 6420 7665 7262 passed verb\n+000351c0: 6174 696d 2061 7320 7468 6520 e280 9c6b atim as the ...k\n+000351d0: 6572 6e65 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 ernel command-li\n+000351e0: 6e65 e280 9d2e 2020 416e 7920 6d6f 6475 ne.... Any modu\n+000351f0: 6c65 206d 7573 7420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 le must be. \n+00035200: 7265 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 6674 6572 2075 reloaded after u\n+00035210: 7369 6e67 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e sing this comman\n+00035220: 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206d 6f64 756c 653a d (*note module:\n+00035230: 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 536f 6d65 206b :)... Some k\n+00035240: 6572 6e65 6c73 2068 6176 6520 6b6e 6f77 ernels have know\n+00035250: 6e20 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2e20 2059 6f75 n problems. You\n+00035260: 206e 6565 6420 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 need to specify\n+00035270: 202d 7175 6972 6b2d 2a20 666f 720a 2020 -quirk-* for. \n+00035280: 2020 2074 686f 7365 2e20 202d 7175 6972 those. -quir\n+00035290: 6b2d 6261 642d 6b6c 7564 6765 2069 7320 k-bad-kludge is \n+000352a0: 6120 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 7365 656e 2069 a problem seen i\n+000352b0: 6e20 7365 7665 7261 6c20 7072 6f64 7563 n several produc\n+000352c0: 7473 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6174 2074 6865 ts. that the\n+000352d0: 7920 696e 636c 7564 6520 6c6f 6164 696e y include loadin\n+000352e0: 6720 6b6c 7564 6765 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 g kludge informa\n+000352f0: 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 6820 696e 7661 6c69 tion with invali\n+00035300: 6420 6461 7461 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2045 d data in. E\n+00035310: 4c46 2066 696c 652e 2020 4752 5542 2070 LF file. GRUB p\n+00035320: 7269 6f72 2074 6f20 302e 3937 2061 6e64 rior to 0.97 and\n+00035330: 2073 6f6d 6520 6375 7374 6f6d 2062 7569 some custom bui\n+00035340: 6c64 7320 7072 6566 6572 7265 6420 454c lds preferred EL\n+00035350: 460a 2020 2020 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 F. informati\n+00035360: 6f6e 2077 6869 6c65 2030 2e39 3720 616e on while 0.97 an\n+00035370: 6420 4752 5542 2032 2075 7365 206b 6c75 d GRUB 2 use klu\n+00035380: 6467 652e 2020 5573 6520 7468 6973 206f dge. Use this o\n+00035390: 7074 696f 6e20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6967 ption to. ig\n+000353a0: 6e6f 7265 206b 6c75 6467 652e 2020 4b6e nore kludge. Kn\n+000353b0: 6f77 6e20 6166 6665 6374 6564 2073 7973 own affected sys\n+000353c0: 7465 6d73 3a20 6f6c 6420 536f 6c61 7269 tems: old Solari\n+000353d0: 732c 2053 6b79 4f53 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 s, SkyOS... \n+000353e0: 2d71 7569 726b 2d6d 6f64 756c 6573 2d61 -quirk-modules-a\n+000353f0: 6674 6572 2d6b 6572 6e65 6c20 6973 206e fter-kernel is n\n+00035400: 6565 6465 6420 666f 7220 6b65 726e 656c eeded for kernel\n+00035410: 7320 7768 6963 6820 6c6f 6164 2061 740a s which load at.\n+00035420: 2020 2020 2072 656c 6174 6976 656c 7920 relatively \n+00035430: 6869 6768 2061 6464 7265 7373 2065 2e67 high address e.g\n+00035440: 2e20 2031 364d 6942 206d 6172 6b20 616e . 16MiB mark an\n+00035450: 6420 6361 6e27 7420 636f 7065 2077 6974 d can't cope wit\n+00035460: 680a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2073 h. modules s\n+00035470: 7475 6666 6564 2062 6574 7765 656e 2031 tuffed between 1\n+00035480: 4d69 4220 6d61 726b 2061 6e64 2062 6567 MiB mark and beg\n+00035490: 696e 6e69 6e67 206f 6620 7468 6520 6b65 inning of the ke\n+000354a0: 726e 656c 2e0a 2020 2020 204b 6e6f 776e rnel.. Known\n+000354b0: 2061 6666 7465 6374 6564 2073 7973 7465 afftected syste\n+000354c0: 6d73 3a20 564d 5761 7265 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ms: VMWare.....F\n+000354d0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+000354e0: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 Node: nativedis\n+000354f0: 6b2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c k, Next: normal\n+00035500: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206d 756c 7469 626f , Prev: multibo\n+00035510: 6f74 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ot, Up: Command\n+00035520: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+00035530: 3137 2e34 2e35 3020 6e61 7469 7665 6469 17.4.50 nativedi\n+00035540: 736b 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d sk.-------------\n+00035550: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+00035560: 6e64 3a20 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b 0a20 nd: nativedisk. \n+00035570: 2020 2020 5377 6974 6368 2066 726f 6d20 Switch from \n+00035580: 6669 726d 7761 7265 2064 6973 6b20 6472 firmware disk dr\n+00035590: 6976 6572 7320 746f 206e 6174 6976 6520 ivers to native \n+000355a0: 6f6e 6573 2e20 2052 6561 6c6c 7920 7573 ones. Really us\n+000355b0: 6566 756c 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e 6c79 206f eful. only o\n+000355c0: 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 7768 6572 n platforms wher\n+000355d0: 6520 626f 7468 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 e both firmware \n+000355e0: 616e 6420 6e61 7469 7665 2064 6973 6b20 and native disk \n+000355f0: 6472 6976 6573 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 drives are. \n+00035600: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 4375 7272 available. Curr\n+00035610: 656e 746c 7920 6933 3836 2d70 632c 2069 ently i386-pc, i\n+00035620: 3338 362d 6566 692c 2069 3338 362d 6965 386-efi, i386-ie\n+00035630: 6565 3132 3735 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 ee1275 and. \n+00035640: 7838 365f 3634 2d65 6669 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 x86_64-efi.....F\n+00035650: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00035660: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 Node: normal, \n+00035670: 4e65 7874 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 Next: normal_exi\n+00035680: 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e61 7469 7665 t, Prev: native\n+00035690: 6469 736b 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 disk, Up: Comma\n+000356a0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+000356b0: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3120 6e6f 726d 616c ..17.4.51 normal\n+000356c0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a .--------------.\n+000356d0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e6f . -- Command: no\n+000356e0: 726d 616c 205b 6669 6c65 5d0a 2020 2020 rmal [file]. \n+000356f0: 2045 6e74 6572 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f Enter normal mo\n+00035700: 6465 2061 6e64 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 de and display t\n+00035710: 6865 2047 5255 4220 6d65 6e75 2e0a 0a20 he GRUB menu... \n+00035720: 2020 2020 496e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f In normal mo\n+00035730: 6465 2c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 6669 de, commands, fi\n+00035740: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 206d 6f64 756c 6573 lesystem modules\n+00035750: 2c20 616e 6420 6372 7970 746f 6772 6170 , and cryptograp\n+00035760: 6879 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 hy. modules \n+00035770: 6172 6520 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c are automaticall\n+00035780: 7920 6c6f 6164 6564 2c20 616e 6420 7468 y loaded, and th\n+00035790: 6520 6675 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 7363 7269 e full GRUB scri\n+000357a0: 7074 2070 6172 7365 720a 2020 2020 2069 pt parser. i\n+000357b0: 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 4f74 s available. Ot\n+000357c0: 6865 7220 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6d61 7920 her modules may \n+000357d0: 6265 2065 7870 6c69 6369 746c 7920 6c6f be explicitly lo\n+000357e0: 6164 6564 2075 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 aded using. \n+000357f0: e280 9869 6e73 6d6f 64e2 8099 2028 2a6e ...insmod... (*n\n+00035800: 6f74 6520 696e 736d 6f64 3a3a 292e 0a0a ote insmod::)...\n+00035810: 2020 2020 2049 6620 6120 4649 4c45 2069 If a FILE i\n+00035820: 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2074 6865 6e20 636f s given, then co\n+00035830: 6d6d 616e 6473 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2072 mmands will be r\n+00035840: 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6861 7420 6669 ead from that fi\n+00035850: 6c65 2e0a 2020 2020 204f 7468 6572 7769 le.. Otherwi\n+00035860: 7365 2c20 7468 6579 2077 696c 6c20 6265 se, they will be\n+00035870: 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 2470 read from ...$p\n+00035880: 7265 6669 782f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 refix/grub.cfg..\n+00035890: 9920 6966 2069 7420 6578 6973 7473 2e0a . if it exists..\n+000358a0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 986e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 . ...normal.\n+000358b0: 8099 206d 6179 2062 6520 6361 6c6c 6564 .. may be called\n+000358c0: 2066 726f 6d20 7769 7468 696e 206e 6f72 from within nor\n+000358d0: 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 2c20 6372 6561 7469 mal mode, creati\n+000358e0: 6e67 2061 206e 6573 7465 640a 2020 2020 ng a nested. \n+000358f0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2e20 2049 environment. I\n+00035900: 7420 6973 206d 6f72 6520 7573 7561 6c20 t is more usual \n+00035910: 746f 2075 7365 20e2 8098 636f 6e66 6967 to use ...config\n+00035920: 6669 6c65 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 file... (*note. \n+00035930: 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 3a3a configfile::\n+00035940: 2920 666f 7220 7468 6973 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ) for this.....F\n+00035950: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00035960: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 Node: normal_ex\n+00035970: 6974 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 6172 7474 it, Next: partt\n+00035980: 6f6f 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e6f 726d ool, Prev: norm\n+00035990: 616c 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 al, Up: Command\n+000359a0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+000359b0: 3137 2e34 2e35 3220 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 17.4.52 normal_e\n+000359c0: 7869 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d xit.------------\n+000359d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+000359e0: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 mand: normal_exi\n+000359f0: 740a 2020 2020 2045 7869 7420 6e6f 726d t. Exit norm\n+00035a00: 616c 206d 6f64 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 206e al mode (*note n\n+00035a10: 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a29 2e20 2049 6620 7468 ormal::). If th\n+00035a20: 6973 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 6520 6f66 206e is instance of n\n+00035a30: 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 2020 ormal mode. \n+00035a40: 7761 7320 6e6f 7420 6e65 7374 6564 2077 was not nested w\n+00035a50: 6974 6869 6e20 616e 6f74 6865 7220 6f6e ithin another on\n+00035a60: 652c 2074 6865 6e20 7265 7475 726e 2074 e, then return t\n+00035a70: 6f20 7265 7363 7565 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a o rescue mode...\n+00035a80: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00035a90: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 7274 746f o, Node: partto\n+00035aa0: 6f6c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 6173 7377 ol, Next: passw\n+00035ab0: 6f72 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e6f 726d ord, Prev: norm\n+00035ac0: 616c 5f65 7869 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f al_exit, Up: Co\n+00035ad0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+00035ae0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3533 2070 6172 nds..17.4.53 par\n+00035af0: 7474 6f6f 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ttool.----------\n+00035b00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+00035b10: 616e 643a 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c20 7061 and: parttool pa\n+00035b20: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 rtition commands\n+00035b30: 0a20 2020 2020 4d61 6b65 2076 6172 696f . Make vario\n+00035b40: 7573 206d 6f64 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e73 us modifications\n+00035b50: 2074 6f20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 to partition ta\n+00035b60: 626c 6520 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a0a 2020 ble entries... \n+00035b70: 2020 2045 6163 6820 434f 4d4d 414e 4420 Each COMMAND \n+00035b80: 6973 2065 6974 6865 7220 6120 626f 6f6c is either a bool\n+00035b90: 6561 6e20 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 696e 2077 ean option, in w\n+00035ba0: 6869 6368 2063 6173 6520 6974 206d 7573 hich case it mus\n+00035bb0: 7420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 666f 6c6c 6f77 t be. follow\n+00035bc0: 6564 2077 6974 6820 e280 982b e280 9920 ed with ...+... \n+00035bd0: 6f72 20e2 8098 2de2 8099 2028 7769 7468 or ...-... (with\n+00035be0: 206e 6f20 696e 7465 7276 656e 696e 6720 no intervening \n+00035bf0: 7370 6163 6529 2074 6f20 656e 6162 6c65 space) to enable\n+00035c00: 206f 720a 2020 2020 2064 6973 6162 6c65 or. disable\n+00035c10: 2074 6861 7420 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 6f72 that option, or\n+00035c20: 2065 6c73 6520 6974 2074 616b 6573 2061 else it takes a\n+00035c30: 2076 616c 7565 2069 6e20 7468 6520 666f value in the fo\n+00035c40: 726d 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9843 4f4d 4d41 rm. ...COMMA\n+00035c50: 4e44 3d56 414c 5545 e280 992e 0a0a 2020 ND=VALUE...... \n+00035c60: 2020 2043 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2c20 e280 Currently, ..\n+00035c70: 9870 6172 7474 6f6f 6ce2 8099 2069 7320 .parttool... is \n+00035c80: 6f6e 6c79 2075 7365 6675 6c20 6f6e 2044 only useful on D\n+00035c90: 4f53 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 OS partition tab\n+00035ca0: 6c65 7320 2861 6c73 6f0a 2020 2020 206b les (also. k\n+00035cb0: 6e6f 776e 2061 7320 4d61 7374 6572 2042 nown as Master B\n+00035cc0: 6f6f 7420 5265 636f 7264 2c20 6f72 204d oot Record, or M\n+00035cd0: 4252 292e 204f 6e20 7468 6573 6520 7061 BR). On these pa\n+00035ce0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6573 2c0a rtition tables,.\n+00035cf0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 the followi\n+00035d00: 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 6520 ng commands are \n+00035d10: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 available:.. \n+00035d20: 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 e280 9920 2862 6f6f ...boot... (boo\n+00035d30: 6c65 616e 290a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lean). \n+00035d40: 5768 656e 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2c20 7468 When enabled, th\n+00035d50: 6973 206d 616b 6573 2074 6865 2073 656c is makes the sel\n+00035d60: 6563 7465 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 ected partition \n+00035d70: 6265 2074 6865 2061 6374 6976 650a 2020 be the active. \n+00035d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2862 6f6f 7461 626c (bootabl\n+00035d90: 6529 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 e) partition on \n+00035da0: 6974 7320 6469 736b 2c20 636c 6561 7269 its disk, cleari\n+00035db0: 6e67 2074 6865 2061 6374 6976 6520 666c ng the active fl\n+00035dc0: 6167 206f 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ag on. \n+00035dd0: 616c 6c20 6f74 6865 7220 7061 7274 6974 all other partit\n+00035de0: 696f 6e73 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d ions. This comm\n+00035df0: 616e 6420 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2074 and is limited t\n+00035e00: 6f20 5f70 7269 6d61 7279 5f0a 2020 2020 o _primary_. \n+00035e10: 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 partitions\n+00035e20: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9874 7970 65e2 ... ...type.\n+00035e30: 8099 2028 7661 6c75 6529 0a20 2020 2020 .. (value). \n+00035e40: 2020 2020 2043 6861 6e67 6520 7468 6520 Change the \n+00035e50: 7479 7065 206f 6620 616e 2065 7869 7374 type of an exist\n+00035e60: 696e 6720 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 ing partition. \n+00035e70: 5468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6d75 7374 2062 The value must b\n+00035e80: 6520 610a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e75 e a. nu\n+00035e90: 6d62 6572 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7261 6e67 mber in the rang\n+00035ea0: 6520 302d 3078 4646 2028 7072 6566 6978 e 0-0xFF (prefix\n+00035eb0: 2077 6974 6820 e280 9830 78e2 8099 2074 with ...0x... t\n+00035ec0: 6f20 656e 7465 7220 6974 2069 6e0a 2020 o enter it in. \n+00035ed0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 7861 6465 6369 hexadeci\n+00035ee0: 6d61 6c29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9868 mal)... ...h\n+00035ef0: 6964 6465 6ee2 8099 2028 626f 6f6c 6561 idden... (boolea\n+00035f00: 6e29 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2057 6865 n). Whe\n+00035f10: 6e20 656e 6162 6c65 642c 2074 6869 7320 n enabled, this \n+00035f20: 6869 6465 7320 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 hides the select\n+00035f30: 6564 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2062 7920 ed partition by \n+00035f40: 7365 7474 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 2020 setting the. \n+00035f50: 2020 2020 2020 e280 9c68 6964 6465 6ee2 ...hidden.\n+00035f60: 809d 2062 6974 2069 6e20 6974 7320 7061 .. bit in its pa\n+00035f70: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7479 7065 2063 6f64 rtition type cod\n+00035f80: 653b 2077 6865 6e20 6469 7361 626c 6564 e; when disabled\n+00035f90: 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 756e 6869 ,. unhi\n+00035fa0: 6465 7320 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 des the selected\n+00035fb0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2062 7920 636c partition by cl\n+00035fc0: 6561 7269 6e67 2074 6869 7320 6269 742e earing this bit.\n+00035fd0: 2020 5468 6973 2069 730a 2020 2020 2020 This is. \n+00035fe0: 2020 2020 7573 6566 756c 206f 6e6c 7920 useful only \n+00035ff0: 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2044 4f53 when booting DOS\n+00036000: 206f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 616e 6420 or Windows and \n+00036010: 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2070 7269 6d61 7279 multiple primary\n+00036020: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 4154 2070 . FAT p\n+00036030: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 6578 6973 7420 artitions exist \n+00036040: 696e 206f 6e65 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 5365 in one disk. Se\n+00036050: 6520 616c 736f 202a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 e also *note. \n+00036060: 2020 2020 2020 2044 4f53 2f57 696e 646f DOS/Windo\n+00036070: 7773 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ws::.....File: g\n+00036080: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00036090: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 642c 2020 4e65 7874 password, Next\n+000360a0: 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 : password_pbkdf\n+000360b0: 322c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7061 7274 746f 2, Prev: partto\n+000360c0: 6f6c 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ol, Up: Command\n+000360d0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+000360e0: 3137 2e34 2e35 3420 7061 7373 776f 7264 17.4.54 password\n+000360f0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+00036100: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+00036110: 7061 7373 776f 7264 2075 7365 7220 636c password user cl\n+00036120: 6561 722d 7061 7373 776f 7264 0a20 2020 ear-password. \n+00036130: 2020 4465 6669 6e65 2061 2075 7365 7220 Define a user \n+00036140: 6e61 6d65 6420 5553 4552 2077 6974 6820 named USER with \n+00036150: 7061 7373 776f 7264 2043 4c45 4152 2d50 password CLEAR-P\n+00036160: 4153 5357 4f52 442e 2020 2a4e 6f74 650a ASSWORD. *Note.\n+00036170: 2020 2020 2053 6563 7572 6974 793a 3a2e Security::.\n+00036180: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00036190: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 7373 nfo, Node: pass\n+000361a0: 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 322c 2020 4e65 word_pbkdf2, Ne\n+000361b0: 7874 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 xt: plainmount, \n+000361c0: 2050 7265 763a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 642c Prev: password,\n+000361d0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+000361e0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+000361f0: 342e 3535 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 4.55 password_pb\n+00036200: 6b64 6632 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d kdf2.-----------\n+00036210: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+00036220: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2070 6173 7377 - Command: passw\n+00036230: 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 2075 7365 7220 ord_pbkdf2 user \n+00036240: 6861 7368 6564 2d70 6173 7377 6f72 640a hashed-password.\n+00036250: 2020 2020 2044 6566 696e 6520 6120 7573 Define a us\n+00036260: 6572 206e 616d 6564 2055 5345 5220 7769 er named USER wi\n+00036270: 7468 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6861 7368 th password hash\n+00036280: 2048 4153 4845 442d 5041 5353 574f 5244 HASHED-PASSWORD\n+00036290: 2e20 2055 7365 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9867 . Use. ...g\n+000362a0: 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b rub-mkpasswd-pbk\n+000362b0: 6466 32e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e df2... (*note In\n+000362c0: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 voking grub-mkpa\n+000362d0: 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 323a 3a29 2074 sswd-pbkdf2::) t\n+000362e0: 6f0a 2020 2020 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 o. generate \n+000362f0: 7061 7373 776f 7264 2068 6173 6865 732e password hashes.\n+00036300: 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5365 6375 7269 7479 *Note Security\n+00036310: 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ::.....File: gru\n+00036320: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 b.info, Node: p\n+00036330: 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 4e65 7874 lainmount, Next\n+00036340: 3a20 706c 6179 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 : play, Prev: p\n+00036350: 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 assword_pbkdf2, \n+00036360: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+00036370: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+00036380: 2e35 3620 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 0a2d .56 plainmount.-\n+00036390: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+000363a0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+000363b0: 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2064 6576 6963 plainmount devic\n+000363c0: 6520 2d63 2063 6970 6865 7220 2d73 206b e -c cipher -s k\n+000363d0: 6579 2073 697a 6520 5b2d 6820 6861 7368 ey size [-h hash\n+000363e0: 5d0a 2020 2020 205b e280 982d 53e2 8099 ]. [...-S...\n+000363f0: 2073 6563 746f 7220 7369 7a65 5d20 5be2 sector size] [.\n+00036400: 8098 2d70 e280 9920 7061 7373 776f 7264 ..-p... password\n+00036410: 5d20 5be2 8098 2d75 e280 9920 7575 6964 ] [...-u... uuid\n+00036420: 5d20 5b5b e280 982d 64e2 8099 206b 6579 ] [[...-d... key\n+00036430: 6669 6c65 5d0a 2020 2020 205b e280 982d file]. [...-\n+00036440: 4fe2 8099 206b 6579 6669 6c65 206f 6666 O... keyfile off\n+00036450: 7365 745d 5d0a 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7475 set]].. Setu\n+00036460: 7020 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 7468 6520 p access to the \n+00036470: 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 6465 7669 6365 encrypted device\n+00036480: 2069 6e20 706c 6169 6e20 6d6f 6465 2e20 in plain mode. \n+00036490: 204f 6666 7365 7420 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 Offset of the. \n+000364a0: 2020 2020 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 6461 encrypted da\n+000364b0: 7461 2061 7420 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 ta at the device\n+000364c0: 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 696e is specified in\n+000364d0: 2074 6572 6d73 206f 6620 3531 3220 6279 terms of 512 by\n+000364e0: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6374 6f72 7320 te. sectors \n+000364f0: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 626c 6f63 6b6c using the blockl\n+00036500: 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 2061 6e64 206c ist syntax and l\n+00036510: 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 6465 7669 6365 2e20 oopback device. \n+00036520: 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 666f 6c6c 6f77 The. follow\n+00036530: 696e 6720 6578 616d 706c 6520 7368 6f77 ing example show\n+00036540: 7320 686f 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 s how to specify\n+00036550: 2031 4d69 4220 6f66 6673 6574 3a0a 0a20 1MiB offset:.. \n+00036560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 loopbac\n+00036570: 6b20 6e6f 6465 2028 6864 302c 6770 7431 k node (hd0,gpt1\n+00036580: 2932 3034 382b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 )2048+. \n+00036590: 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 7420 6e6f 6465 plainmount node\n+000365a0: 202e 2e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 ..... The .\n+000365b0: 8098 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 e280 9920 ..plainmount... \n+000365c0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6361 6e20 6265 2075 command can be u\n+000365d0: 7365 6420 746f 206f 7065 6e20 4c55 4b53 sed to open LUKS\n+000365e0: 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2076 6f6c 756d encrypted volum\n+000365f0: 650a 2020 2020 2069 6620 6974 7320 6d61 e. if its ma\n+00036600: 7374 6572 206b 6579 2061 6e64 2070 6172 ster key and par\n+00036610: 616d 6574 6572 7320 286b 6579 2073 697a ameters (key siz\n+00036620: 652c 2063 6970 6865 722c 206f 6666 7365 e, cipher, offse\n+00036630: 742c 2065 7463 290a 2020 2020 2061 7265 t, etc). are\n+00036640: 206b 6e6f 776e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 known... Th\n+00036650: 6572 6520 6172 6520 7477 6f20 7761 7973 ere are two ways\n+00036660: 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 6120 7061 to specify a pa\n+00036670: 7373 776f 7264 3a20 6120 6b65 7966 696c ssword: a keyfil\n+00036680: 6520 616e 6420 6120 7365 6372 6574 0a20 e and a secret. \n+00036690: 2020 2020 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 2e20 passphrase. \n+000366a0: 2054 6865 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2070 6174 The keyfile pat\n+000366b0: 6820 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7220 6861 7320 h parameter has \n+000366c0: 6869 6768 6572 2070 7269 6f72 6974 7920 higher priority \n+000366d0: 7468 616e 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 7365 than. the se\n+000366e0: 6372 6574 2070 6173 7370 6872 6173 6520 cret passphrase \n+000366f0: 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7220 616e 6420 6973 parameter and is\n+00036700: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2077 6974 6820 specified with \n+00036710: 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 the option. \n+00036720: e280 982d 64e2 8099 2e20 2050 6173 7377 ...-d.... Passw\n+00036730: 6f72 6420 6461 7461 206f 6274 6169 6e65 ord data obtaine\n+00036740: 6420 6672 6f6d 206b 6579 6669 6c65 7320 d from keyfiles \n+00036750: 6973 206e 6f74 2068 6173 6865 6420 616e is not hashed an\n+00036760: 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6564 2064 d is. used d\n+00036770: 6972 6563 746c 7920 6173 2061 2063 6970 irectly as a cip\n+00036780: 6865 7220 6b65 792e 2020 416e 206f 7074 her key. An opt\n+00036790: 696f 6e61 6c20 6f66 6673 6574 206f 6620 ional offset of \n+000367a0: 7061 7373 776f 7264 2064 6174 610a 2020 password data. \n+000367b0: 2020 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6b65 7966 696c in the keyfil\n+000367c0: 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 e can be specifi\n+000367d0: 6564 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6f70 7469 ed with the opti\n+000367e0: 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d4f e280 9920 6f72 2064 on ...-O... or d\n+000367f0: 6972 6563 746c 790a 2020 2020 2077 6974 irectly. wit\n+00036800: 6820 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 h the option ...\n+00036810: 2d64 e280 9920 616e 6420 4752 5542 2062 -d... and GRUB b\n+00036820: 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 782c locklist syntax,\n+00036830: 2069 6620 7468 6520 6b65 7966 696c 6520 if the keyfile \n+00036840: 6461 7461 0a20 2020 2020 6361 6e20 6265 data. can be\n+00036850: 2061 6363 6573 7365 6420 6672 6f6d 2061 accessed from a\n+00036860: 2064 6576 6963 6520 616e 6420 6973 2035 device and is 5\n+00036870: 3132 2062 7974 6520 616c 6967 6e65 642e 12 byte aligned.\n+00036880: 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 2066 6f6c 6c6f The. follo\n+00036890: 7769 6e67 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2073 686f wing example sho\n+000368a0: 7773 2062 6f74 6820 6d65 7468 6f64 7320 ws both methods \n+000368b0: 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2070 6173 7377 to specify passw\n+000368c0: 6f72 6420 6461 7461 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 ord data in. \n+000368d0: 2074 6865 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2061 7420 the keyfile at \n+000368e0: 6f66 6673 6574 2031 4d69 423a 0a0a 2020 offset 1MiB:.. \n+000368f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 plainmou\n+00036900: 6e74 202d 6420 2868 6430 2c67 7074 3129 nt -d (hd0,gpt1)\n+00036910: 3230 3438 2b20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2048+ .... \n+00036920: 2020 2020 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 202d plainmount -\n+00036930: 6420 2868 6430 2c67 7074 3129 2b20 2d4f d (hd0,gpt1)+ -O\n+00036940: 2031 3034 3835 3736 202e 2e2e 0a0a 2020 1048576 ..... \n+00036950: 2020 2049 6620 6e6f 206b 6579 6669 6c65 If no keyfile\n+00036960: 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7468 is specified th\n+00036970: 656e 2074 6865 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 en the password \n+00036980: 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7374 is set to the st\n+00036990: 7269 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 ring. specif\n+000369a0: 6965 6420 6279 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 ied by option ..\n+000369b0: 982d 70e2 8099 206f 7220 6973 2072 6571 .-p... or is req\n+000369c0: 7565 7374 6564 2069 6e74 6572 6163 7469 uested interacti\n+000369d0: 7665 6c79 2066 726f 6d20 7468 650a 2020 vely from the. \n+000369e0: 2020 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2e20 2049 6e20 console. In \n+000369f0: 626f 7468 2063 6173 6573 2074 6865 2070 both cases the p\n+00036a00: 726f 7669 6465 6420 7061 7373 776f 7264 rovided password\n+00036a10: 2069 7320 6861 7368 6564 2077 6974 6820 is hashed with \n+00036a20: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2061 6c67 6f72 6974 the. algorit\n+00036a30: 686d 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2062 7920 hm specified by \n+00036a40: 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d68 the option ...-h\n+00036a50: e280 992e 2020 5468 6973 206f 7074 696f .... This optio\n+00036a60: 6e20 6973 206d 616e 6461 746f 7279 0a20 n is mandatory. \n+00036a70: 2020 2020 6966 206e 6f20 6b65 7966 696c if no keyfil\n+00036a80: 6520 6973 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 e is specified, \n+00036a90: 6275 7420 6974 2063 616e 2062 6520 7365 but it can be se\n+00036aa0: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 706c 6169 6ee2 8099 t to ...plain...\n+00036ab0: 2077 6869 6368 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 616e which. mean\n+00036ac0: 7320 7468 6174 206e 6f20 6861 7368 696e s that no hashin\n+00036ad0: 6720 6973 2064 6f6e 6520 616e 6420 7375 g is done and su\n+00036ae0: 6368 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6973 2075 ch password is u\n+00036af0: 7365 6420 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2061 730a sed directly as.\n+00036b00: 2020 2020 2061 206b 6579 2e0a 0a20 2020 a key... \n+00036b10: 2020 4369 7068 6572 20e2 8098 2d63 e280 Cipher ...-c..\n+00036b20: 9920 616e 6420 6b65 7973 697a 6520 e280 . and keysize ..\n+00036b30: 982d 73e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2073 .-s... options s\n+00036b40: 7065 6369 6679 2074 6865 2063 6970 6865 pecify the ciphe\n+00036b50: 7220 616c 676f 7269 7468 6d0a 2020 2020 r algorithm. \n+00036b60: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 206b 6579 2073 697a and the key siz\n+00036b70: 6520 7265 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2061 e respectively a\n+00036b80: 6e64 2061 7265 206d 616e 6461 746f 7279 nd are mandatory\n+00036b90: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2e20 2043 6970 6865 options. Ciphe\n+00036ba0: 720a 2020 2020 206d 7573 7420 6265 2073 r. must be s\n+00036bb0: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2077 6974 6820 7468 pecified with th\n+00036bc0: 6520 6d6f 6465 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 e mode separated\n+00036bd0: 2062 7920 6120 6461 7368 2028 666f 7220 by a dash (for \n+00036be0: 6578 616d 706c 652c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 example,. ..\n+00036bf0: 9861 6573 2d78 7473 2d70 6c61 696e 3634 .aes-xts-plain64\n+00036c00: e280 9929 2e20 204b 6579 2073 697a 6520 ...). Key size \n+00036c10: 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d73 e280 9920 option ...-s... \n+00036c20: 6973 2074 6865 206b 6579 2073 697a 6520 is the key size \n+00036c30: 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6369 7068 of the. ciph\n+00036c40: 6572 2069 6e20 6269 7473 2c20 6e6f 7420 er in bits, not \n+00036c50: 746f 2062 6520 636f 6e66 7573 6564 2077 to be confused w\n+00036c60: 6974 6820 7468 6520 6f66 6673 6574 206f ith the offset o\n+00036c70: 6620 7468 6520 6b65 7920 6461 7461 0a20 f the key data. \n+00036c80: 2020 2020 696e 2061 206b 6579 6669 6c65 in a keyfile\n+00036c90: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2077 6974 6820 specified with \n+00036ca0: 7468 6520 e280 982d 4fe2 8099 206f 7074 the ...-O... opt\n+00036cb0: 696f 6e2e 2020 4974 206d 7573 7420 6e6f ion. It must no\n+00036cc0: 7420 6578 6365 6564 0a20 2020 2020 3130 t exceed. 10\n+00036cd0: 3234 2062 6974 732c 2073 6f20 6120 3332 24 bits, so a 32\n+00036ce0: 2062 7974 6520 6b65 7920 776f 756c 6420 byte key would \n+00036cf0: 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2061 7320 be specified as \n+00036d00: 3235 3620 6269 7473 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 256 bits.. T\n+00036d10: 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e61 6c20 7061 7261 he optional para\n+00036d20: 6d65 7465 7220 e280 982d 53e2 8099 2073 meter ...-S... s\n+00036d30: 7065 6369 6669 6573 2065 6e63 7279 7074 pecifies encrypt\n+00036d40: 6564 2064 6576 6963 6520 7365 6374 6f72 ed device sector\n+00036d50: 2073 697a 652e 0a20 2020 2020 4974 206d size.. It m\n+00036d60: 7573 7420 6265 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 ust be at least \n+00036d70: 3531 3220 6279 7465 7320 6c6f 6e67 2028 512 bytes long (\n+00036d80: 6465 6661 756c 7420 7661 6c75 6529 2061 default value) a\n+00036d90: 6e64 2061 2070 6f77 6572 206f 660a 2020 nd a power of. \n+00036da0: 2020 2032 2e20 2028 3129 2020 282a 6e6f 2. (1) (*no\n+00036db0: 7465 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 742d 466f te plainmount-Fo\n+00036dc0: 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 292e 2020 4469 otnote-1::). Di\n+00036dd0: 736b 2073 6563 746f 7220 7369 7a65 2069 sk sector size i\n+00036de0: 730a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 s. configure\n+00036df0: 6420 7768 656e 2063 7265 6174 696e 6720 d when creating \n+00036e00: 7468 6520 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 766f the encrypted vo\n+00036e10: 6c75 6d65 2e20 2041 7474 656d 7074 696e lume. Attemptin\n+00036e20: 6720 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6465 6372 7970 g to. decryp\n+00036e30: 7420 766f 6c75 6d65 7320 7769 7468 2061 t volumes with a\n+00036e40: 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2073 6563 746f different secto\n+00036e50: 7220 7369 7a65 2074 6861 6e20 6974 2077 r size than it w\n+00036e60: 6173 2063 7265 6174 6564 0a20 2020 2020 as created. \n+00036e70: 7769 7468 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 7265 with will not re\n+00036e80: 7375 6c74 2069 6e20 616e 2065 7272 6f72 sult in an error\n+00036e90: 2c20 6275 7420 7769 6c6c 2064 6563 7279 , but will decry\n+00036ea0: 7074 2074 6f20 7261 6e64 6f6d 2062 7974 pt to random byt\n+00036eb0: 6573 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 7468 7573 es. and thus\n+00036ec0: 2070 7265 7665 6e74 2061 6363 6573 7369 prevent accessi\n+00036ed0: 6e67 2074 6865 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 2869 ng the volume (i\n+00036ee0: 6e20 736f 6d65 2063 6173 6573 2074 6865 n some cases the\n+00036ef0: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 filesystem. \n+00036f00: 2064 7269 7665 7220 6361 6e20 6465 7465 driver can dete\n+00036f10: 6374 2074 6865 2070 7265 7365 6e63 6520 ct the presence \n+00036f20: 6f66 2061 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2c of a filesystem,\n+00036f30: 2062 7574 206e 6576 6572 7468 656c 6573 but nevertheles\n+00036f40: 730a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 7265 6675 s. will refu\n+00036f50: 7365 2074 6f20 6d6f 756e 7420 6974 292e se to mount it).\n+00036f60: 0a0a 2020 2020 2042 7920 6465 6661 756c .. By defaul\n+00036f70: 7420 6e65 7720 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 t new plainmount\n+00036f80: 2064 6576 6963 6573 2077 696c 6c20 6265 devices will be\n+00036f90: 2067 6976 656e 2061 2055 5549 4420 7374 given a UUID st\n+00036fa0: 6172 7469 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 arting. with\n+00036fb0: 2027 3130 3966 6561 3834 2d61 3662 372d '109fea84-a6b7-\n+00036fc0: 3334 6138 2d34 6264 312d 3163 3530 3633 34a8-4bd1-1c5063\n+00036fd0: 3035 6134 3031 2720 7768 6572 6520 7468 05a401' where th\n+00036fe0: 6520 6c61 7374 2064 6967 6974 730a 2020 e last digits. \n+00036ff0: 2020 2061 7265 2069 6e63 7265 6d65 6e74 are increment\n+00037000: 6564 2062 7920 6f6e 6520 666f 7220 6561 ed by one for ea\n+00037010: 6368 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 7465 6420 ch plainmounted \n+00037020: 6465 7669 6365 2062 6579 6f6e 6420 7468 device beyond th\n+00037030: 650a 2020 2020 2066 6972 7374 2075 7020 e. first up \n+00037040: 746f 2032 5e31 3020 6465 7669 6365 732e to 2^10 devices.\n+00037050: 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 6c6c 2065 6e63 7279 .. All encry\n+00037060: 7074 696f 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 ption arguments \n+00037070: 2863 6970 6865 722c 2068 6173 682c 206b (cipher, hash, k\n+00037080: 6579 2073 697a 652c 2064 6973 6b20 6f66 ey size, disk of\n+00037090: 6673 6574 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6469 fset and. di\n+000370a0: 736b 2073 6563 746f 7220 7369 7a65 2920 sk sector size) \n+000370b0: 6d75 7374 206d 6174 6368 2074 6865 2070 must match the p\n+000370c0: 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 7573 6564 2074 arameters used t\n+000370d0: 6f20 6372 6561 7465 2074 6865 0a20 2020 o create the. \n+000370e0: 2020 766f 6c75 6d65 2e20 2049 6620 616e volume. If an\n+000370f0: 7920 6f66 2074 6865 6d20 646f 6573 206e y of them does n\n+00037100: 6f74 206d 6174 6368 2074 6865 2061 6374 ot match the act\n+00037110: 7561 6c20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 7573 ual arguments us\n+00037120: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6475 7269 6e67 2074 ed. during t\n+00037130: 6865 2069 6e69 7469 616c 2065 6e63 7279 he initial encry\n+00037140: 7074 696f 6e2c 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e ption, plainmoun\n+00037150: 7420 7769 6c6c 2063 7265 6174 6520 7669 t will create vi\n+00037160: 7274 7561 6c0a 2020 2020 2064 6576 6963 rtual. devic\n+00037170: 6520 7769 7468 2074 6865 2067 6172 6261 e with the garba\n+00037180: 6765 2064 6174 6120 616e 6420 4752 5542 ge data and GRUB\n+00037190: 2077 696c 6c20 7265 706f 7274 2075 6e6b will report unk\n+000371a0: 6e6f 776e 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 7379 nown. filesy\n+000371b0: 7374 656d 2066 6f72 2073 7563 6820 6465 stem for such de\n+000371c0: 7669 6365 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 vice.....File: g\n+000371d0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+000371e0: 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 742d 466f 6f74 plainmount-Foot\n+000371f0: 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 706c 6169 notes, Up: plai\n+00037200: 6e6d 6f75 6e74 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 2043 nmount.. (1) C\n+00037210: 7572 7265 6e74 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 urrent implement\n+00037220: 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2063 7279 7074 7365 ation of cryptse\n+00037230: 7475 7020 7375 7070 6f72 7473 206f 6e6c tup supports onl\n+00037240: 790a 3531 322f 3130 3234 2f32 3034 382f y.512/1024/2048/\n+00037250: 3430 3936 2062 7974 6520 7365 6374 6f72 4096 byte sector\n+00037260: 730a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e s....File: grub.\n+00037270: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 6c61 info, Node: pla\n+00037280: 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7072 6f62 652c y, Next: probe,\n+00037290: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 Prev: plainmou\n+000372a0: 6e74 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 nt, Up: Command\n+000372b0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+000372c0: 3137 2e34 2e35 3720 706c 6179 0a2d 2d2d 17.4.57 play.---\n+000372d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+000372e0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 706c 6179 2066 696c ommand: play fil\n+000372f0: 6520 7c20 7465 6d70 6f20 5b70 6974 6368 e | tempo [pitch\n+00037300: 3120 6475 7261 7469 6f6e 315d 205b 7069 1 duration1] [pi\n+00037310: 7463 6832 2064 7572 6174 696f 6e32 5d20 tch2 duration2] \n+00037320: 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2050 6c61 7973 2061 .... Plays a\n+00037330: 2074 756e 650a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 tune.. If t\n+00037340: 6865 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 6973 2061 he argument is a\n+00037350: 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2028 2a6e 6f74 file name (*not\n+00037360: 6520 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 e File name synt\n+00037370: 6178 3a3a 292c 2070 6c61 7920 7468 650a ax::), play the.\n+00037380: 2020 2020 2074 756e 6520 7265 636f 7264 tune record\n+00037390: 6564 2069 6e20 6974 2e20 2054 6865 2066 ed in it. The f\n+000373a0: 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 2069 7320 6669 ile format is fi\n+000373b0: 7273 7420 7468 6520 7465 6d70 6f20 6173 rst the tempo as\n+000373c0: 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 an. unsigne\n+000373d0: 6420 3332 6269 7420 6c69 7474 6c65 2d65 d 32bit little-e\n+000373e0: 6e64 6961 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 2c20 7468 ndian number, th\n+000373f0: 656e 2070 6169 7273 206f 6620 756e 7369 en pairs of unsi\n+00037400: 676e 6564 2031 3662 6974 0a20 2020 2020 gned 16bit. \n+00037410: 6c69 7474 6c65 2d65 6e64 6961 6e20 6e75 little-endian nu\n+00037420: 6d62 6572 7320 666f 7220 7069 7463 6820 mbers for pitch \n+00037430: 616e 6420 6475 7261 7469 6f6e 2070 6169 and duration pai\n+00037440: 7273 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 rs... If the\n+00037450: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2061 7265 2061 arguments are a\n+00037460: 2073 6572 6965 7320 6f66 206e 756d 6265 series of numbe\n+00037470: 7273 2c20 706c 6179 2074 6865 2069 6e6c rs, play the inl\n+00037480: 696e 6520 7475 6e65 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 ine tune... \n+00037490: 5468 6520 7465 6d70 6f20 6973 2074 6865 The tempo is the\n+000374a0: 2062 6173 6520 666f 7220 616c 6c20 6e6f base for all no\n+000374b0: 7465 2064 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2e20 2036 te durations. 6\n+000374c0: 3020 6769 7665 7320 6120 312d 7365 636f 0 gives a 1-seco\n+000374d0: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6261 7365 2c20 3132 nd. base, 12\n+000374e0: 3020 6769 7665 7320 6120 6861 6c66 2d73 0 gives a half-s\n+000374f0: 6563 6f6e 6420 6261 7365 2c20 6574 632e econd base, etc.\n+00037500: 2020 5069 7463 6865 7320 6172 6520 487a Pitches are Hz\n+00037510: 2e20 2053 6574 0a20 2020 2020 7069 7463 . Set. pitc\n+00037520: 6820 746f 2030 2074 6f20 7072 6f64 7563 h to 0 to produc\n+00037530: 6520 6120 7265 7374 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c e a rest.....Fil\n+00037540: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00037550: 6f64 653a 2070 726f 6265 2c20 204e 6578 ode: probe, Nex\n+00037560: 743a 2072 646d 7372 2c20 2050 7265 763a t: rdmsr, Prev:\n+00037570: 2070 6c61 792c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d play, Up: Comm\n+00037580: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+00037590: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3538 2070 726f 6265 s..17.4.58 probe\n+000375a0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a .-------------..\n+000375b0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2070 726f -- Command: pro\n+000375c0: 6265 205b 2d2d 7365 7420 7661 725d 0a20 be [--set var]. \n+000375d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d 2d64 7269 7665 --drive\n+000375e0: 727c 2d2d 7061 7274 6d61 707c 2d2d 6673 r|--partmap|--fs\n+000375f0: 7c2d 2d66 732d 7575 6964 7c2d 2d6c 6162 |--fs-uuid|--lab\n+00037600: 656c 7c2d 2d70 6172 742d 7575 6964 2064 el|--part-uuid d\n+00037610: 6576 6963 650a 2020 2020 2052 6574 7269 evice. Retri\n+00037620: 6576 6520 6465 7669 6365 2069 6e66 6f72 eve device infor\n+00037630: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 6620 6f70 7469 mation. If opti\n+00037640: 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 7365 74e2 8099 2069 on ...--set... i\n+00037650: 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2061 7373 6967 6e0a s given, assign.\n+00037660: 2020 2020 2072 6573 756c 7420 746f 2076 result to v\n+00037670: 6172 6961 626c 6520 5641 522c 206f 7468 ariable VAR, oth\n+00037680: 6572 7769 7365 2070 7269 6e74 2069 6e66 erwise print inf\n+00037690: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 7468 6520 ormation on the \n+000376a0: 7363 7265 656e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 screen... Th\n+000376b0: 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 7061 e option ...--pa\n+000376c0: 7274 2d75 7569 64e2 8099 2069 7320 6375 rt-uuid... is cu\n+000376d0: 7272 656e 746c 7920 6f6e 6c79 2069 6d70 rrently only imp\n+000376e0: 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 2066 6f72 204d 5344 lemented for MSD\n+000376f0: 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 4750 5420 OS. and GPT \n+00037700: 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 6469 736b 732e formatted disks.\n+00037710: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00037720: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7264 6d73 nfo, Node: rdms\n+00037730: 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7265 6164 2c20 r, Next: read, \n+00037740: 2050 7265 763a 2070 726f 6265 2c20 2055 Prev: probe, U\n+00037750: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+00037760: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 commands..17.4.5\n+00037770: 3920 7264 6d73 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 9 rdmsr.--------\n+00037780: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+00037790: 6e64 3a3a 2072 646d 7372 2030 7841 4444 nd:: rdmsr 0xADD\n+000377a0: 5220 5b2d 7620 5641 524e 414d 455d 0a20 R [-v VARNAME]. \n+000377b0: 2020 2020 5265 6164 2061 206d 6f64 656c Read a model\n+000377c0: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 7265 6769 7374 -specific regist\n+000377d0: 6572 2061 7420 6164 6472 6573 7320 3078 er at address 0x\n+000377e0: 4144 4452 2e20 4966 2074 6865 2070 6172 ADDR. If the par\n+000377f0: 616d 6574 6572 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d ameter. ...-\n+00037800: 76e2 8099 2069 7320 7573 6564 2061 6e64 v... is used and\n+00037810: 2061 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 an environment \n+00037820: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2056 4152 4e41 4d45 variable VARNAME\n+00037830: 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2073 6574 2074 is given, set t\n+00037840: 6861 740a 2020 2020 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e hat. environ\n+00037850: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f ment variable to\n+00037860: 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 2074 6861 7420 the value that \n+00037870: 7761 7320 7265 6164 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 was read... \n+00037880: 506c 6561 7365 206e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 Please note that\n+00037890: 206f 6e20 534d 5020 7379 7374 656d 732c on SMP systems,\n+000378a0: 2072 6561 6469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 6120 reading from a \n+000378b0: 4d53 5220 7468 6174 2068 6173 2061 0a20 MSR that has a. \n+000378c0: 2020 2020 7363 6f70 6520 7065 7220 6861 scope per ha\n+000378d0: 7264 7761 7265 2074 6872 6561 642c 2069 rdware thread, i\n+000378e0: 6d70 6c69 6573 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 mplies that the \n+000378f0: 7661 6c75 6520 7468 6174 2069 7320 7265 value that is re\n+00037900: 7475 726e 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e 6c79 turned. only\n+00037910: 2061 7070 6c69 6573 2074 6f20 7468 6520 applies to the \n+00037920: 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 2063 7075 2f63 particular cpu/c\n+00037930: 6f72 652f 7468 7265 6164 2074 6861 7420 ore/thread that \n+00037940: 7275 6e73 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 636f runs the. co\n+00037950: 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 6c73 mmand... Als\n+00037960: 6f2c 2069 6620 796f 7520 7370 6563 6966 o, if you specif\n+00037970: 7920 6120 7265 7365 7276 6564 206f 7220 y a reserved or \n+00037980: 756e 696d 706c 656d 656e 7465 6420 4d53 unimplemented MS\n+00037990: 5220 6164 6472 6573 732c 2069 740a 2020 R address, it. \n+000379a0: 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6361 7573 6520 6120 will cause a \n+000379b0: 6765 6e65 7261 6c20 7072 6f74 6563 7469 general protecti\n+000379c0: 6f6e 2065 7863 6570 7469 6f6e 2028 7768 on exception (wh\n+000379d0: 6963 6820 6973 206e 6f74 2063 7572 7265 ich is not curre\n+000379e0: 6e74 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 6265 696e 6720 ntly. being \n+000379f0: 6861 6e64 6c65 6429 2061 6e64 2074 6865 handled) and the\n+00037a00: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7769 6c6c 2072 6562 system will reb\n+00037a10: 6f6f 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 oot.....File: gr\n+00037a20: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00037a30: 7265 6164 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2072 6562 read, Next: reb\n+00037a40: 6f6f 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7264 6d73 oot, Prev: rdms\n+00037a50: 722c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d r, Up: Command-\n+00037a60: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+00037a70: 372e 342e 3630 2072 6561 640a 2d2d 2d2d 7.4.60 read.----\n+00037a80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+00037a90: 6d6d 616e 643a 2072 6561 6420 5b2d 735d mmand: read [-s]\n+00037aa0: 205b 7661 725d 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6164 [var]. Read\n+00037ab0: 2061 206c 696e 6520 6f66 2069 6e70 7574 a line of input\n+00037ac0: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 7573 6572 2e20 from the user. \n+00037ad0: 2049 6620 616e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 If an environme\n+00037ae0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 5641 520a nt variable VAR.\n+00037af0: 2020 2020 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2073 is given, s\n+00037b00: 6574 2074 6861 7420 656e 7669 726f 6e6d et that environm\n+00037b10: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 ent variable to \n+00037b20: 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 206f 6620 696e 7075 the line of inpu\n+00037b30: 7420 7468 6174 0a20 2020 2020 7761 7320 t that. was \n+00037b40: 7265 6164 2c20 7769 7468 206e 6f20 7465 read, with no te\n+00037b50: 726d 696e 6174 696e 6720 6e65 776c 696e rminating newlin\n+00037b60: 652e 2020 4966 2074 6865 2070 6172 616d e. If the param\n+00037b70: 6574 6572 20e2 8098 2d73 e280 9920 6973 eter ...-s... is\n+00037b80: 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6564 2c20 656e 6162 . used, enab\n+00037b90: 6c65 2073 696c 656e 7420 6d6f 6465 2077 le silent mode w\n+00037ba0: 6865 7265 2069 6e70 7574 2069 7320 6e6f here input is no\n+00037bb0: 7420 7072 696e 7465 6420 746f 2074 6865 t printed to the\n+00037bc0: 0a20 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e0a . terminal..\n+00037bd0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00037be0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2072 6562 6f6f fo, Node: reboo\n+00037bf0: 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7265 6765 7870 t, Next: regexp\n+00037c00: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 6561 642c 2020 , Prev: read, \n+00037c10: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+00037c20: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n+00037c30: 3631 2072 6562 6f6f 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 61 reboot.------\n+00037c40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+00037c50: 6d6d 616e 643a 2072 6562 6f6f 740a 2020 mmand: reboot. \n+00037c60: 2020 2052 6562 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 636f Reboot the co\n+00037c70: 6d70 7574 6572 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a mputer.....File:\n+00037c80: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00037c90: 653a 2072 6567 6578 702c 2020 4e65 7874 e: regexp, Next\n+00037ca0: 3a20 726d 6d6f 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 : rmmod, Prev: \n+00037cb0: 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d reboot, Up: Com\n+00037cc0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+00037cd0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3220 7265 6765 ds..17.4.62 rege\n+00037ce0: 7870 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d xp.-------------\n+00037cf0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+00037d00: 7265 6765 7870 205b 2d2d 7365 7420 5b6e regexp [--set [n\n+00037d10: 756d 6265 723a 5d76 6172 5d20 7265 6765 umber:]var] rege\n+00037d20: 7870 2073 7472 696e 670a 2020 2020 2054 xp string. T\n+00037d30: 6573 7420 6966 2072 6567 756c 6172 2065 est if regular e\n+00037d40: 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e20 5245 4745 5850 xpression REGEXP\n+00037d50: 206d 6174 6368 6573 2053 5452 494e 472e matches STRING.\n+00037d60: 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7465 640a 2020 2020 Supported. \n+00037d70: 2072 6567 756c 6172 2065 7870 7265 7373 regular express\n+00037d80: 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2050 4f53 4958 2e32 ions are POSIX.2\n+00037d90: 2045 7874 656e 6465 6420 5265 6775 6c61 Extended Regula\n+00037da0: 7220 4578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 732e 2020 r Expressions. \n+00037db0: 4966 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 If. option .\n+00037dc0: 8098 2d2d 7365 74e2 8099 2069 7320 6769 ..--set... is gi\n+00037dd0: 7665 6e2c 2073 746f 7265 204e 554d 4245 ven, store NUMBE\n+00037de0: 5274 6820 6d61 7463 6865 6420 7375 6265 Rth matched sube\n+00037df0: 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e20 696e 0a20 2020 xpression in. \n+00037e00: 2020 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2056 4152 2e20 variable VAR. \n+00037e10: 2053 7562 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 7320 Subexpressions \n+00037e20: 6172 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 6564 2069 6e20 are numbered in \n+00037e30: 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 2074 6865 6972 0a20 order of their. \n+00037e40: 2020 2020 6f70 656e 696e 6720 7061 7265 opening pare\n+00037e50: 6e74 6865 7365 7320 7374 6172 7469 6e67 ntheses starting\n+00037e60: 2066 726f 6d20 e280 9831 e280 992e 2020 from ...1.... \n+00037e70: 4e55 4d42 4552 2064 6566 6175 6c74 7320 NUMBER defaults \n+00037e80: 746f 20e2 8098 31e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 to ...1........F\n+00037e90: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00037ea0: 204e 6f64 653a 2072 6d6d 6f64 2c20 204e Node: rmmod, N\n+00037eb0: 6578 743a 2073 6176 655f 656e 762c 2020 ext: save_env, \n+00037ec0: 5072 6576 3a20 7265 6765 7870 2c20 2055 Prev: regexp, U\n+00037ed0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+00037ee0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 commands..17.4.6\n+00037ef0: 3320 726d 6d6f 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 3 rmmod.--------\n+00037f00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+00037f10: 6e64 3a20 726d 6d6f 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 nd: rmmod module\n+00037f20: 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2061 206c . Remove a l\n+00037f30: 6f61 6465 6420 4d4f 4455 4c45 2e0a 0a1f oaded MODULE....\n+00037f40: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00037f50: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6176 655f 656e , Node: save_en\n+00037f60: 762c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7365 6172 6368 v, Next: search\n+00037f70: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 6d6d 6f64 2c20 , Prev: rmmod, \n+00037f80: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+00037f90: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+00037fa0: 2e36 3420 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 0a2d 2d2d .64 save_env.---\n+00037fb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+00037fc0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7361 7665 -- Command: save\n+00037fd0: 5f65 6e76 205b 2d2d 6669 6c65 2066 696c _env [--file fil\n+00037fe0: 655d 2076 6172 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 e] var .... \n+00037ff0: 5361 7665 2074 6865 206e 616d 6564 2076 Save the named v\n+00038000: 6172 6961 626c 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7468 ariables from th\n+00038010: 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 746f e environment to\n+00038020: 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 the environment\n+00038030: 0a20 2020 2020 626c 6f63 6b20 6669 6c65 . block file\n+00038040: 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e . *Note Environ\n+00038050: 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 ment block::... \n+00038060: 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d 2d66 696c The ...--fil\n+00038070: 65e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6f76 6572 e... option over\n+00038080: 7269 6465 7320 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c rides the defaul\n+00038090: 7420 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 t location of th\n+000380a0: 650a 2020 2020 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 e. environme\n+000380b0: 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 nt block... \n+000380c0: 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2077 696c This command wil\n+000380d0: 6c20 6f70 6572 6174 6520 7375 6363 6573 l operate succes\n+000380e0: 7366 756c 6c79 2065 7665 6e20 7768 656e sfully even when\n+000380f0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 0a20 2020 environment. \n+00038100: 2020 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 variable ...ch\n+00038110: 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 eck_signatures..\n+00038120: 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9865 . is set to ...e\n+00038130: 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 nforce... (*note\n+00038140: 0a20 2020 2020 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e . check_sign\n+00038150: 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 292c 2073 696e 6365 atures::), since\n+00038160: 2069 7420 7772 6974 6573 2074 6f20 6469 it writes to di\n+00038170: 736b 2061 6e64 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 sk and does not \n+00038180: 616c 7465 7220 7468 650a 2020 2020 2062 alter the. b\n+00038190: 6568 6176 696f 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 ehavior of GRUB \n+000381a0: 6261 7365 6420 6f6e 2061 6e79 2063 6f6e based on any con\n+000381b0: 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2064 6973 6b20 7468 tents of disk th\n+000381c0: 6174 2068 6176 6520 6265 656e 2072 6561 at have been rea\n+000381d0: 642e 0a20 2020 2020 4974 2069 7320 706f d.. It is po\n+000381e0: 7373 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 6d6f 6469 6679 ssible to modify\n+000381f0: 2061 2064 6967 6974 616c 6c79 2073 6967 a digitally sig\n+00038200: 6e65 6420 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ned environment \n+00038210: 626c 6f63 6b20 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 block file. \n+00038220: 6672 6f6d 2077 6974 6869 6e20 4752 5542 from within GRUB\n+00038230: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d using this comm\n+00038240: 616e 642c 2073 7563 6820 7468 6174 2069 and, such that i\n+00038250: 7473 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2077 696c ts signature wil\n+00038260: 6c0a 2020 2020 206e 6f20 6c6f 6e67 6572 l. no longer\n+00038270: 2062 6520 7661 6c69 6420 6f6e 2073 7562 be valid on sub\n+00038280: 7365 7175 656e 7420 626f 6f74 732e 2020 sequent boots. \n+00038290: 4361 7265 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2074 Care should be t\n+000382a0: 616b 656e 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2073 7563 aken in. suc\n+000382b0: 6820 6164 7661 6e63 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 h advanced confi\n+000382c0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 7320 746f 2061 766f gurations to avo\n+000382d0: 6964 2072 656e 6465 7269 6e67 2074 6865 id rendering the\n+000382e0: 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2075 6e62 system. unb\n+000382f0: 6f6f 7461 626c 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 ootable. *Note \n+00038300: 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 Using digital si\n+00038310: 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 gnatures::, for \n+00038320: 6d6f 7265 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d more. inform\n+00038330: 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ation.....File: \n+00038340: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00038350: 3a20 7365 6172 6368 2c20 204e 6578 743a : search, Next:\n+00038360: 2073 656e 646b 6579 2c20 2050 7265 763a sendkey, Prev:\n+00038370: 2073 6176 655f 656e 762c 2020 5570 3a20 save_env, Up: \n+00038380: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+00038390: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3635 2073 mands..17.4.65 s\n+000383a0: 6561 7263 680a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d earch.----------\n+000383b0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+000383c0: 643a 2073 6561 7263 6820 5b2d 2d66 696c d: search [--fil\n+000383d0: 657c 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c7c 2d2d 6673 2d75 e|--label|--fs-u\n+000383e0: 7569 645d 205b 2d2d 7365 7420 5b76 6172 uid] [--set [var\n+000383f0: 5d5d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d ]]. [--\n+00038400: 6e6f 2d66 6c6f 7070 797c 2d2d 6566 6964 no-floppy|--efid\n+00038410: 6973 6b2d 6f6e 6c79 5d20 6e61 6d65 0a20 isk-only] name. \n+00038420: 2020 2020 5365 6172 6368 2064 6576 6963 Search devic\n+00038430: 6573 2062 7920 6669 6c65 2028 e280 982d es by file (...-\n+00038440: 66e2 8099 2c20 e280 982d 2d66 696c 65e2 f..., ...--file.\n+00038450: 8099 292c 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 ..), filesystem \n+00038460: 6c61 6265 6c20 28e2 8098 2d6c e280 992c label (...-l...,\n+00038470: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d 2d6c 6162 656c . ...--label\n+00038480: e280 9929 2c20 6f72 2066 696c 6573 7973 ...), or filesys\n+00038490: 7465 6d20 5555 4944 2028 e280 982d 75e2 tem UUID (...-u.\n+000384a0: 8099 2c20 e280 982d 2d66 732d 7575 6964 .., ...--fs-uuid\n+000384b0: e280 9929 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 ...)... If t\n+000384c0: 6865 2028 e280 982d 73e2 8099 2c20 e280 he (...-s..., ..\n+000384d0: 982d 2d73 6574 e280 9929 206f 7074 696f .--set...) optio\n+000384e0: 6e20 6973 2075 7365 642c 2074 6865 2066 n is used, the f\n+000384f0: 6972 7374 2064 6576 6963 6520 666f 756e irst device foun\n+00038500: 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 6173 d is. set as\n+00038510: 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 656e the value of en\n+00038520: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00038530: 6c65 2056 4152 2e20 2054 6865 2064 6566 le VAR. The def\n+00038540: 6175 6c74 2076 6172 6961 626c 650a 2020 ault variable. \n+00038550: 2020 2069 7320 e280 9872 6f6f 74e2 8099 is ...root...\n+00038560: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 28e2 8098 ... The (...\n+00038570: 2d6e e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6e6f 2d66 -n..., ...--no-f\n+00038580: 6c6f 7070 79e2 8099 2920 6f70 7469 6f6e loppy...) option\n+00038590: 2070 7265 7665 6e74 7320 7365 6172 6368 prevents search\n+000385a0: 696e 6720 666c 6f70 7079 2064 6576 6963 ing floppy devic\n+000385b0: 6573 2c0a 2020 2020 2077 6869 6368 2063 es,. which c\n+000385c0: 616e 2062 6520 736c 6f77 2e0a 0a20 2020 an be slow... \n+000385d0: 2020 5468 6520 28e2 8098 2d2d 6566 6964 The (...--efid\n+000385e0: 6973 6b2d 6f6e 6c79 e280 9929 206f 7074 isk-only...) opt\n+000385f0: 696f 6e20 7072 6576 656e 7473 2073 6561 ion prevents sea\n+00038600: 7263 6869 6e67 2061 6e79 206f 7468 6572 rching any other\n+00038610: 2064 6576 6963 6573 0a20 2020 2020 7468 devices. th\n+00038620: 656e 2045 4649 2064 6973 6b73 2e20 2054 en EFI disks. T\n+00038630: 6869 7320 6973 2074 7970 6963 616c 6c79 his is typically\n+00038640: 2075 7365 6420 7768 656e 2063 6861 696e used when chain\n+00038650: 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 746f 206c 6f63 616c loading to local\n+00038660: 0a20 2020 2020 4546 4920 7061 7274 6974 . EFI partit\n+00038670: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 ion... The .\n+00038680: 8098 7365 6172 6368 2e66 696c 65e2 8099 ..search.file...\n+00038690: 2c20 e280 9873 6561 7263 682e 6673 5f6c , ...search.fs_l\n+000386a0: 6162 656c e280 992c 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 abel..., and ...\n+000386b0: 7365 6172 6368 2e66 735f 7575 6964 e280 search.fs_uuid..\n+000386c0: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a20 2020 2020 . commands. \n+000386d0: 6172 6520 616c 6961 7365 7320 666f 7220 are aliases for \n+000386e0: e280 9873 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 6669 6c65 ...search --file\n+000386f0: e280 992c 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 202d ..., ...search -\n+00038700: 2d6c 6162 656c e280 992c 2061 6e64 20e2 -label..., and .\n+00038710: 8098 7365 6172 6368 0a20 2020 2020 2d2d ..search. --\n+00038720: 6673 2d75 7569 64e2 8099 2072 6573 7065 fs-uuid... respe\n+00038730: 6374 6976 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 ctively... A\n+00038740: 6c73 6f20 6869 6e74 7320 6173 2074 6f20 lso hints as to \n+00038750: 7768 6963 6820 6465 7669 6365 206d 6179 which device may\n+00038760: 2062 6520 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 206c 696b be the most lik\n+00038770: 656c 7920 746f 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 2074 ely to contain t\n+00038780: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 2073 6561 he. item sea\n+00038790: 7263 6865 6420 666f 7220 6d61 7920 6265 rched for may be\n+000387a0: 2067 6976 656e 2076 6961 2074 6865 2028 given via the (\n+000387b0: e280 982d 68e2 8099 2c20 e280 982d 2d68 ...-h..., ...--h\n+000387c0: 696e 74e2 8099 2920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2077 int...) option w\n+000387d0: 6974 680a 2020 2020 2061 2064 6576 6963 ith. a devic\n+000387e0: 6520 6e61 6d65 2061 7320 616e 2061 7267 e name as an arg\n+000387f0: 756d 656e 742e 2020 4966 2074 6865 2061 ument. If the a\n+00038800: 7267 756d 656e 7420 656e 6473 2077 6974 rgument ends wit\n+00038810: 6820 6120 636f 6d6d 612c 0a20 2020 2020 h a comma,. \n+00038820: 7468 656e 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 then partitions \n+00038830: 6f6e 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 6172 on the device ar\n+00038840: 6520 616c 736f 2073 6561 7263 6865 642e e also searched.\n+00038850: 2020 4675 7274 6865 726d 6f72 652c 0a20 Furthermore,. \n+00038860: 2020 2020 706c 6174 666f 726d 2073 7065 platform spe\n+00038870: 6369 6669 6320 6869 6e74 7320 6d61 7920 cific hints may \n+00038880: 6265 2067 6976 656e 2076 6961 2074 6865 be given via the\n+00038890: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 0a20 2020 2020 e280 options. ..\n+000388a0: 982d 2d68 696e 742d 6965 6565 3132 3735 .--hint-ieee1275\n+000388b0: e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 2d62 ..., ...--hint-b\n+000388c0: 696f 73e2 8099 2c20 e280 982d 2d68 696e ios..., ...--hin\n+000388d0: 742d 6261 7265 6d65 7461 6ce2 8099 2c20 t-baremetal..., \n+000388e0: e280 982d 2d68 696e 742d 6566 69e2 8099 ...--hint-efi...\n+000388f0: 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 2d2d ,. and ...--\n+00038900: 6869 6e74 2d61 7263 e280 992e 2020 5768 hint-arc.... Wh\n+00038910: 656e 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 7468 en specified, th\n+00038920: 6573 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 7461 6b65 ese options take\n+00038930: 2061 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 0a20 2020 an argument. \n+00038940: 2020 616e 6420 6f70 6572 6174 6520 6c69 and operate li\n+00038950: 6b65 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 e280 992c ke ...--hint...,\n+00038960: 2062 7574 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2074 6865 but only on the\n+00038970: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2070 6c61 7466 specified platf\n+00038980: 6f72 6d2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 orm.....File: gr\n+00038990: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+000389a0: 7365 6e64 6b65 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 sendkey, Next: \n+000389b0: 7365 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7365 6172 set, Prev: sear\n+000389c0: 6368 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ch, Up: Command\n+000389d0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+000389e0: 3137 2e34 2e36 3620 7365 6e64 6b65 790a 17.4.66 sendkey.\n+000389f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00038a00: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7365 . -- Command: se\n+00038a10: 6e64 6b65 790a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ndkey. \n+00038a20: 5b2d 2d6e 756d 7c2d 2d63 6170 737c 2d2d [--num|--caps|--\n+00038a30: 7363 726f 6c6c 7c2d 2d69 6e73 6572 747c scroll|--insert|\n+00038a40: 2d2d 7061 7573 657c 2d2d 6c65 6674 2d73 --pause|--left-s\n+00038a50: 6869 6674 7c2d 2d72 6967 6874 2d73 6869 hift|--right-shi\n+00038a60: 6674 7c2d 2d73 7973 7271 7c2d 2d6e 756d ft|--sysrq|--num\n+00038a70: 6b65 797c 2d2d 6361 7073 6b65 797c 2d2d key|--capskey|--\n+00038a80: 7363 726f 6c6c 6b65 797c 2d2d 696e 7365 scrollkey|--inse\n+00038a90: 7274 6b65 797c 2d2d 6c65 6674 2d61 6c74 rtkey|--left-alt\n+00038aa0: 7c2d 2d72 6967 6874 2d61 6c74 7c2d 2d6c |--right-alt|--l\n+00038ab0: 6566 742d 6374 726c 7c2d 2d72 6967 6874 eft-ctrl|--right\n+00038ac0: 2d63 7472 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 -ctrl. \n+00038ad0: 6f6e 7c6f 6666 5d2e 2e2e 205b 6e6f 2d6c on|off]... [no-l\n+00038ae0: 6564 5d20 6b65 7973 7472 6f6b 650a 2020 ed] keystroke. \n+00038af0: 2020 2049 6e73 6572 7420 6b65 7973 7472 Insert keystr\n+00038b00: 6f6b 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 6b65 okes into the ke\n+00038b10: 7962 6f61 7264 2062 7566 6665 7220 7768 yboard buffer wh\n+00038b20: 656e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2e20 2053 6f6d en booting. Som\n+00038b30: 6574 696d 6573 0a20 2020 2020 616e 206f etimes. an o\n+00038b40: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 perating system \n+00038b50: 6f72 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 or chainloaded b\n+00038b60: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2072 6571 7569 oot loader requi\n+00038b70: 7265 7320 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 0a20 res particular. \n+00038b80: 2020 2020 6b65 7973 2074 6f20 6265 2070 keys to be p\n+00038b90: 7265 7373 6564 3a20 666f 7220 6578 616d ressed: for exam\n+00038ba0: 706c 652c 206f 6e65 206d 6967 6874 206e ple, one might n\n+00038bb0: 6565 6420 746f 2070 7265 7373 2061 0a20 eed to press a. \n+00038bc0: 2020 2020 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 206b particular k\n+00038bd0: 6579 2074 6f20 656e 7465 7220 2273 6166 ey to enter \"saf\n+00038be0: 6520 6d6f 6465 222c 206f 7220 7768 656e e mode\", or when\n+00038bf0: 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 616e chainloading an\n+00038c00: 6f74 6865 720a 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 7420 other. boot \n+00038c10: 6c6f 6164 6572 206f 6e65 206d 6967 6874 loader one might\n+00038c20: 2073 656e 6420 6b65 7973 7472 6f6b 6573 send keystrokes\n+00038c30: 2074 6f20 6974 2074 6f20 6e61 7669 6761 to it to naviga\n+00038c40: 7465 2069 7473 206d 656e 752e 0a0a 2020 te its menu... \n+00038c50: 2020 204e 6f74 653a 2054 6869 7320 636f Note: This co\n+00038c60: 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2063 7572 7265 6e74 mmand is current\n+00038c70: 6c79 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c ly only availabl\n+00038c80: 6520 6f6e 2074 6865 2069 3338 362d 7063 e on the i386-pc\n+00038c90: 0a20 2020 2020 7461 7267 6574 2e0a 0a20 . target... \n+00038ca0: 2020 2020 596f 7520 6d61 7920 7072 6f76 You may prov\n+00038cb0: 6964 6520 7570 2074 6f20 3136 206b 6579 ide up to 16 key\n+00038cc0: 7374 726f 6b65 7320 2874 6865 206c 656e strokes (the len\n+00038cd0: 6774 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2042 494f 530a gth of the BIOS.\n+00038ce0: 2020 2020 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 6275 keyboard bu\n+00038cf0: 6666 6572 292e 2020 4b65 7973 7472 6f6b ffer). Keystrok\n+00038d00: 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6d61 7920 6265 2075 e names may be u\n+00038d10: 7070 6572 2d63 6173 6520 6f72 206c 6f77 pper-case or low\n+00038d20: 6572 2d63 6173 650a 2020 2020 206c 6574 er-case. let\n+00038d30: 7465 7273 2c20 6469 6769 7473 2c20 6f72 ters, digits, or\n+00038d40: 2074 616b 656e 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 taken from the \n+00038d50: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7461 626c 653a following table:\n+00038d60: 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 616d 6520 2020 2020 .. Name \n 00038d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00038d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204b 6579 0a20 2020 Key. \n-00038d90: 2020 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d --------------\n+00038d80: 2020 2020 204b 6579 0a20 2020 2020 2d2d Key. --\n+00038d90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 00038da0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 00038db0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 00038dc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00038dd0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 2020 2020 2065 7363 6170 -----. escap\n-00038de0: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e \n-00038df0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 7363 6170 650a Escape.\n-00038e00: 2020 2020 2065 7863 6c61 6d20 2020 2020 exclam \n-00038e10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00038e20: 2020 2021 0a20 2020 2020 6174 2020 2020 !. at \n+00038dd0: 2d0a 2020 2020 2065 7363 6170 6520 2020 -. escape \n+00038de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00038df0: 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2020 . capslock \n+00039430: 2020 2073 7061 6365 2062 6172 0a20 2020 space bar. \n+00039440: 2020 6361 7073 6c6f 636b 2020 2020 2020 capslock \n 00039450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039460: 2020 2020 4361 7073 204c 6f63 6b0a 2020 Caps Lock. \n-00039470: 2020 2046 3120 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F1 \n-00039480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039490: 2046 310a 2020 2020 2046 3220 2020 2020 F1. F2 \n+00039460: 4361 7073 204c 6f63 6b0a 2020 2020 2046 Caps Lock. F\n+00039470: 3120 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 1 \n+00039480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 310a F1.\n+00039490: 2020 2020 2046 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 F2 \n 000394a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000394b0: 2020 2020 2020 2046 320a 2020 2020 2046 F2. F\n-000394c0: 3320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3 \n-000394d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 330a F3.\n-000394e0: 2020 2020 2046 3420 2020 2020 2020 2020 F4 \n-000394f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039500: 2020 2046 340a 2020 2020 2046 3520 2020 F4. F5 \n+000394b0: 2020 2046 320a 2020 2020 2046 3320 2020 F2. F3 \n+000394c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000394d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 330a 2020 2020 F3. \n+000394e0: 2046 3420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F4 \n+000394f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 F\n+00039500: 340a 2020 2020 2046 3520 2020 2020 2020 4. F5 \n 00039510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 350a 2020 2020 F5. \n-00039530: 2046 3620 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F6 \n-00039540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 F\n-00039550: 360a 2020 2020 2046 3720 2020 2020 2020 6. F7 \n+00039520: 2020 2020 2046 350a 2020 2020 2046 3620 F5. F6 \n+00039530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 360a 2020 F6. \n+00039550: 2020 2046 3720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F7 \n 00039560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039570: 2020 2020 2046 370a 2020 2020 2046 3820 F7. F8 \n+00039570: 2046 370a 2020 2020 2046 3820 2020 2020 F7. F8 \n 00039580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 380a 2020 F8. \n-000395a0: 2020 2046 3920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F9 \n-000395b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000395c0: 2046 390a 2020 2020 2046 3130 2020 2020 F9. F10 \n+00039590: 2020 2020 2020 2046 380a 2020 2020 2046 F8. F\n+000395a0: 3920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 9 \n+000395b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 390a F9.\n+000395c0: 2020 2020 2046 3130 2020 2020 2020 2020 F10 \n 000395d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000395e0: 2020 2020 2020 2046 3130 0a20 2020 2020 F10. \n-000395f0: 4631 3120 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F11 \n-00039600: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4631 F1\n-00039610: 310a 2020 2020 2046 3132 2020 2020 2020 1. F12 \n+000395e0: 2020 2046 3130 0a20 2020 2020 4631 3120 F10. F11 \n+000395f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039600: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4631 310a 2020 F11. \n+00039610: 2020 2046 3132 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F12 \n 00039620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039630: 2020 2020 2046 3132 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 F12. nu\n-00039640: 6d31 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 m1 \n-00039650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3120 286e 1 (n\n-00039660: 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 umeric keypad). \n-00039670: 2020 2020 6e75 6d32 2020 2020 2020 2020 num2 \n-00039680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039690: 2020 3220 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 2 (numeric key\n-000396a0: 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d33 2020 pad). num3 \n+00039630: 2046 3132 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d31 2020 F12. num1 \n+00039640: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3120 286e 756d 6572 1 (numer\n+00039660: 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 ic keypad). \n+00039670: 6e75 6d32 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 num2 \n+00039680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3220 2 \n+00039690: 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 (numeric keypad)\n+000396a0: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d33 2020 2020 2020 . num3 \n 000396b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000396c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3320 286e 756d 6572 3 (numer\n-000396d0: 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 ic keypad). \n-000396e0: 6e75 6d34 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 num4 \n-000396f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3420 4 \n-00039700: 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 (numeric keypad)\n-00039710: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d35 2020 2020 2020 . num5 \n+000396c0: 2020 2020 3320 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 3 (numeric k\n+000396d0: 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d34 eypad). num4\n+000396e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000396f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3420 286e 756d 4 (num\n+00039700: 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 eric keypad). \n+00039710: 2020 6e75 6d35 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 num5 \n 00039720: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039730: 2020 2020 3520 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 5 (numeric k\n-00039740: 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d36 eypad). num6\n+00039730: 3520 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 5 (numeric keypa\n+00039740: 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d36 2020 2020 d). num6 \n 00039750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3620 286e 756d 6 (num\n-00039770: 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 eric keypad). \n-00039780: 2020 6e75 6d37 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 num7 \n-00039790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000397a0: 3720 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 7 (numeric keypa\n-000397b0: 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d38 2020 2020 d). num8 \n+00039760: 2020 2020 2020 3620 286e 756d 6572 6963 6 (numeric\n+00039770: 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 keypad). nu\n+00039780: 6d37 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 m7 \n+00039790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3720 286e 7 (n\n+000397a0: 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 umeric keypad). \n+000397b0: 2020 2020 6e75 6d38 2020 2020 2020 2020 num8 \n 000397c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000397d0: 2020 2020 2020 3820 286e 756d 6572 6963 8 (numeric\n-000397e0: 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 keypad). nu\n-000397f0: 6d39 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 m9 \n-00039800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3920 286e 9 (n\n-00039810: 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 umeric keypad). \n-00039820: 2020 2020 6e75 6d30 2020 2020 2020 2020 num0 \n-00039830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039840: 2020 3020 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 0 (numeric key\n-00039850: 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d70 6572 pad). numper\n-00039860: 696f 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 iod \n-00039870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2e20 2028 6e75 6d65 . (nume\n-00039880: 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 ric keypad). \n-00039890: 206e 756d 656e 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 numend \n-000398a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 E\n-000398b0: 6e64 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 nd (numeric keyp\n-000398c0: 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 646f 776e ad). numdown\n+000397d0: 2020 3820 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 8 (numeric key\n+000397e0: 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d39 2020 pad). num9 \n+000397f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3920 286e 756d 6572 9 (numer\n+00039810: 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 ic keypad). \n+00039820: 6e75 6d30 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 num0 \n+00039830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3020 0 \n+00039840: 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 (numeric keypad)\n+00039850: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d70 6572 696f 6420 . numperiod \n+00039860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039870: 2020 2020 2e20 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 . (numeric \n+00039880: 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d keypad). num\n+00039890: 656e 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 end \n+000398a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 6e64 2028 End (\n+000398b0: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a numeric keypad).\n+000398c0: 2020 2020 206e 756d 646f 776e 2020 2020 numdown \n 000398d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000398e0: 2020 2020 2020 2044 6f77 6e20 286e 756d Down (num\n-000398f0: 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 eric keypad). \n-00039900: 2020 6e75 6d70 6764 6f77 6e20 2020 2020 numpgdown \n-00039910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039920: 5061 6765 2044 6f77 6e20 286e 756d 6572 Page Down (numer\n-00039930: 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 ic keypad). \n-00039940: 6e75 6d6c 6566 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 numleft \n-00039950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c65 Le\n-00039960: 6674 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 ft (numeric keyp\n-00039970: 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 6365 6e74 ad). numcent\n-00039980: 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 er \n-00039990: 2020 2020 2020 2035 2077 6974 6820 4e75 5 with Nu\n-000399a0: 6d20 4c6f 636b 2069 6e61 6374 6976 6520 m Lock inactive \n-000399b0: 286e 756d 6572 6963 0a20 2020 2020 2020 (numeric. \n+000398e0: 2020 2044 6f77 6e20 286e 756d 6572 6963 Down (numeric\n+000398f0: 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 keypad). nu\n+00039900: 6d70 6764 6f77 6e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 mpgdown \n+00039910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5061 6765 Page\n+00039920: 2044 6f77 6e20 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b Down (numeric k\n+00039930: 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d6c eypad). numl\n+00039940: 6566 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eft \n+00039950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c65 6674 2028 Left (\n+00039960: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a numeric keypad).\n+00039970: 2020 2020 206e 756d 6365 6e74 6572 2020 numcenter \n+00039980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039990: 2020 2035 2077 6974 6820 4e75 6d20 4c6f 5 with Num Lo\n+000399a0: 636b 2069 6e61 6374 6976 6520 286e 756d ck inactive (num\n+000399b0: 6572 6963 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eric. \n 000399c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000399d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6b65 7970 keyp\n-000399e0: 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 7269 6768 ad). numrigh\n-000399f0: 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t \n-00039a00: 2020 2020 2020 2052 6967 6874 2028 6e75 Right (nu\n-00039a10: 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 meric keypad). \n-00039a20: 2020 206e 756d 686f 6d65 2020 2020 2020 numhome \n-00039a30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039a40: 2048 6f6d 6520 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b Home (numeric k\n-00039a50: 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d75 eypad). numu\n-00039a60: 7020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p \n-00039a70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5570 2028 6e75 Up (nu\n-00039a80: 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 meric keypad). \n-00039a90: 2020 206e 756d 7067 7570 2020 2020 2020 numpgup \n-00039aa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039ab0: 2050 6167 6520 5570 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 Page Up (numeri\n-00039ac0: 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e c keypad). n\n-00039ad0: 756d 696e 7365 7274 2020 2020 2020 2020 uminsert \n-00039ae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 6e73 Ins\n-00039af0: 6572 7420 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 ert (numeric key\n-00039b00: 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d64 656c pad). numdel\n-00039b10: 6574 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ete \n-00039b20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4465 6c65 7465 2028 Delete (\n-00039b30: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a numeric keypad).\n-00039b40: 2020 2020 206e 756d 6173 7465 7269 736b numasterisk\n-00039b50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039b60: 2020 202a 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 * (numeric ke\n-00039b70: 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 6d69 ypad). nummi\n-00039b80: 6e75 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nus \n-00039b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d 2028 6e75 6d65 - (nume\n-00039ba0: 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 ric keypad). \n-00039bb0: 206e 756d 706c 7573 2020 2020 2020 2020 numplus \n-00039bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202b +\n-00039bd0: 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 (numeric keypad\n-00039be0: 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 736c 6173 6820 ). numslash \n+000399d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6b65 7970 6164 290a keypad).\n+000399e0: 2020 2020 206e 756d 7269 6768 7420 2020 numright \n+000399f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039a00: 2020 2052 6967 6874 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 Right (numeri\n+00039a10: 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e c keypad). n\n+00039a20: 756d 686f 6d65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 umhome \n+00039a30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f6d Hom\n+00039a40: 6520 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 e (numeric keypa\n+00039a50: 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d75 7020 2020 d). numup \n+00039a60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039a70: 2020 2020 2020 5570 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 Up (numeri\n+00039a80: 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e c keypad). n\n+00039a90: 756d 7067 7570 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 umpgup \n+00039aa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 6167 Pag\n+00039ab0: 6520 5570 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 e Up (numeric ke\n+00039ac0: 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 696e ypad). numin\n+00039ad0: 7365 7274 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sert \n+00039ae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 6e73 6572 7420 Insert \n+00039af0: 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 (numeric keypad)\n+00039b00: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d64 656c 6574 6520 . numdelete \n+00039b10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039b20: 2020 2020 4465 6c65 7465 2028 6e75 6d65 Delete (nume\n+00039b30: 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 ric keypad). \n+00039b40: 206e 756d 6173 7465 7269 736b 2020 2020 numasterisk \n+00039b50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202a *\n+00039b60: 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 (numeric keypad\n+00039b70: 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 6d69 6e75 7320 ). numminus \n+00039b80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039b90: 2020 2020 202d 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 - (numeric \n+00039ba0: 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d keypad). num\n+00039bb0: 706c 7573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 plus \n+00039bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202b 2028 6e75 + (nu\n+00039bd0: 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 meric keypad). \n+00039be0: 2020 206e 756d 736c 6173 6820 2020 2020 numslash \n 00039bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039c00: 2020 2020 202f 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 / (numeric \n-00039c10: 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d keypad). num\n-00039c20: 656e 7465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 enter \n-00039c30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 6e74 6572 Enter\n-00039c40: 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 (numeric keypad\n-00039c50: 290a 2020 2020 2064 656c 6574 6520 2020 ). delete \n+00039c00: 202f 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 / (numeric keyp\n+00039c10: 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 656e 7465 ad). numente\n+00039c20: 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r \n+00039c30: 2020 2020 2020 2045 6e74 6572 2028 6e75 Enter (nu\n+00039c40: 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 meric keypad). \n+00039c50: 2020 2064 656c 6574 6520 2020 2020 2020 delete \n 00039c60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039c70: 2020 2020 2044 656c 6574 650a 2020 2020 Delete. \n-00039c80: 2069 6e73 6572 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 insert \n-00039c90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 I\n-00039ca0: 6e73 6572 740a 2020 2020 2068 6f6d 6520 nsert. home \n+00039c70: 2044 656c 6574 650a 2020 2020 2069 6e73 Delete. ins\n+00039c80: 6572 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ert \n+00039c90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 6e73 6572 Inser\n+00039ca0: 740a 2020 2020 2068 6f6d 6520 2020 2020 t. home \n 00039cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039cc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f6d 650a 2020 Home. \n-00039cd0: 2020 2065 6e64 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 end \n-00039ce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039cf0: 2045 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7067 646f 776e End. pgdown\n+00039cc0: 2020 2020 2048 6f6d 650a 2020 2020 2065 Home. e\n+00039cd0: 6e64 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nd \n+00039ce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 6e64 End\n+00039cf0: 0a20 2020 2020 7067 646f 776e 2020 2020 . pgdown \n 00039d00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5061 6765 2044 6f77 Page Dow\n-00039d20: 6e0a 2020 2020 2070 6775 7020 2020 2020 n. pgup \n+00039d10: 2020 2020 5061 6765 2044 6f77 6e0a 2020 Page Down. \n+00039d20: 2020 2070 6775 7020 2020 2020 2020 2020 pgup \n 00039d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039d40: 2020 2020 2050 6167 6520 5570 0a20 2020 Page Up. \n-00039d50: 2020 646f 776e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 down \n-00039d60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039d70: 446f 776e 0a20 2020 2020 7570 2020 2020 Down. up \n+00039d40: 2050 6167 6520 5570 0a20 2020 2020 646f Page Up. do\n+00039d50: 776e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 wn \n+00039d60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 446f 776e Down\n+00039d70: 0a20 2020 2020 7570 2020 2020 2020 2020 . up \n 00039d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039d90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5570 0a20 2020 2020 Up. \n-00039da0: 6c65 6674 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 left \n-00039db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c65 Le\n-00039dc0: 6674 0a20 2020 2020 7269 6768 7420 2020 ft. right \n+00039d90: 2020 2020 5570 0a20 2020 2020 6c65 6674 Up. left\n+00039da0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c65 6674 0a20 Left. \n+00039dc0: 2020 2020 7269 6768 7420 2020 2020 2020 right \n 00039dd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039de0: 2020 2020 2020 5269 6768 740a 0a20 2020 Right.. \n-00039df0: 2020 4173 2077 656c 6c20 6173 206b 6579 As well as key\n-00039e00: 7374 726f 6b65 732c 2074 6865 20e2 8098 strokes, the ...\n-00039e10: 7365 6e64 6b65 79e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 sendkey... comma\n-00039e20: 6e64 2074 616b 6573 2076 6172 696f 7573 nd takes various\n-00039e30: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 0a20 2020 2020 7468 options. th\n-00039e40: 6174 2061 6666 6563 7420 7468 6520 4249 at affect the BI\n-00039e50: 4f53 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 7374 6174 OS keyboard stat\n-00039e60: 7573 2066 6c61 6773 2e20 2054 6865 7365 us flags. These\n-00039e70: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2074 616b 6520 616e options take an\n-00039e80: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 986f 6ee2 8099 206f . ...on... o\n-00039e90: 7220 e280 986f 6666 e280 9920 7061 7261 r ...off... para\n-00039ea0: 6d65 7465 722c 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e meter, specifyin\n-00039eb0: 6720 7468 6174 2074 6865 2063 6f72 7265 g that the corre\n-00039ec0: 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 2073 7461 7475 730a sponding status.\n-00039ed0: 2020 2020 2066 6c61 6720 6265 2073 6574 flag be set\n-00039ee0: 206f 7220 756e 7365 743b 206f 6d69 7474 or unset; omitt\n-00039ef0: 696e 6720 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 2066 ing the option f\n-00039f00: 6f72 2061 2067 6976 656e 2073 7461 7475 or a given statu\n-00039f10: 7320 666c 6167 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c s flag. will\n-00039f20: 206c 6561 7665 2074 6861 7420 666c 6167 leave that flag\n-00039f30: 2061 7420 6974 7320 696e 6974 6961 6c20 at its initial \n-00039f40: 7374 6174 6520 6174 2062 6f6f 742e 2020 state at boot. \n-00039f50: 5468 6520 e280 982d 2d6e 756d e280 992c The ...--num...,\n-00039f60: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d 2d63 6170 73e2 . ...--caps.\n-00039f70: 8099 2c20 e280 982d 2d73 6372 6f6c 6ce2 .., ...--scroll.\n-00039f80: 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 982d 2d69 6e73 .., and ...--ins\n-00039f90: 6572 74e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2065 ert... options e\n-00039fa0: 6d75 6c61 7465 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2074 mulate setting t\n-00039fb0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 636f 7272 6573 706f he. correspo\n-00039fc0: 6e64 696e 6720 6d6f 6465 2c20 7768 696c nding mode, whil\n-00039fd0: 6520 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d6e 756d 6b65 e the ...--numke\n-00039fe0: 79e2 8099 2c20 e280 982d 2d63 6170 736b y..., ...--capsk\n-00039ff0: 6579 e280 992c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d ey...,. ...-\n-0003a000: 2d73 6372 6f6c 6c6b 6579 e280 992c 2061 -scrollkey..., a\n-0003a010: 6e64 20e2 8098 2d2d 696e 7365 7274 6b65 nd ...--insertke\n-0003a020: 79e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2065 6d75 y... options emu\n-0003a030: 6c61 7465 2070 7265 7373 696e 6720 616e late pressing an\n-0003a040: 640a 2020 2020 2068 6f6c 6469 6e67 2074 d. holding t\n-0003a050: 6865 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 he corresponding\n-0003a060: 206b 6579 2e20 2054 6865 206f 7468 6572 key. The other\n-0003a070: 2073 7461 7475 7320 666c 6167 206f 7074 status flag opt\n-0003a080: 696f 6e73 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 7365 ions are. se\n-0003a090: 6c66 2d65 7870 6c61 6e61 746f 7279 2e0a lf-explanatory..\n-0003a0a0: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 20e2 8098 . If the ...\n-0003a0b0: 2d2d 6e6f 2d6c 6564 e280 9920 6f70 7469 --no-led... opti\n-0003a0c0: 6f6e 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2074 6865 on is given, the\n-0003a0d0: 2073 7461 7475 7320 666c 6167 206f 7074 status flag opt\n-0003a0e0: 696f 6e73 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 2068 ions will. h\n-0003a0f0: 6176 6520 6e6f 2065 6666 6563 7420 6f6e ave no effect on\n-0003a100: 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 4c45 4473 2e0a keyboard LEDs..\n-0003a110: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 20e2 8098 . If the ...\n-0003a120: 7365 6e64 6b65 79e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 sendkey... comma\n-0003a130: 6e64 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e20 6d75 6c74 nd is given mult\n-0003a140: 6970 6c65 2074 696d 6573 2c20 7468 656e iple times, then\n-0003a150: 206f 6e6c 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 206c only the. l\n-0003a160: 6173 7420 696e 766f 6361 7469 6f6e 2068 ast invocation h\n-0003a170: 6173 2061 6e79 2065 6666 6563 742e 0a0a as any effect...\n-0003a180: 2020 2020 2053 696e 6365 20e2 8098 7365 Since ...se\n-0003a190: 6e64 6b65 79e2 8099 206d 616e 6970 756c ndkey... manipul\n-0003a1a0: 6174 6573 2074 6865 2042 494f 5320 6b65 ates the BIOS ke\n-0003a1b0: 7962 6f61 7264 2062 7566 6665 722c 2069 yboard buffer, i\n-0003a1c0: 7420 6d61 7920 6361 7573 650a 2020 2020 t may cause. \n-0003a1d0: 2068 616e 6773 2c20 7265 626f 6f74 732c hangs, reboots,\n-0003a1e0: 206f 7220 6f74 6865 7220 6d69 7362 6568 or other misbeh\n-0003a1f0: 6176 696f 7572 206f 6e20 736f 6d65 2073 aviour on some s\n-0003a200: 7973 7465 6d73 2e20 2049 6620 7468 650a ystems. If the.\n-0003a210: 2020 2020 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 operating s\n-0003a220: 7973 7465 6d20 6f72 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f ystem or boot lo\n-0003a230: 6164 6572 2074 6861 7420 7275 6e73 2061 ader that runs a\n-0003a240: 6674 6572 2047 5255 4220 7573 6573 2069 fter GRUB uses i\n-0003a250: 7473 206f 776e 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 7962 ts own. keyb\n-0003a260: 6f61 7264 2064 7269 7665 7220 7261 7468 oard driver rath\n-0003a270: 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6520 4249 4f53 er than the BIOS\n-0003a280: 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 6675 6e63 7469 keyboard functi\n-0003a290: 6f6e 732c 2074 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 ons, then. .\n-0003a2a0: 8098 7365 6e64 6b65 79e2 8099 2077 696c ..sendkey... wil\n-0003a2b0: 6c20 6861 7665 206e 6f20 6566 6665 6374 l have no effect\n-0003a2c0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d ... This com\n-0003a2d0: 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 mand is only ava\n-0003a2e0: 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 5043 2042 494f ilable on PC BIO\n-0003a2f0: 5320 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 S systems.....Fi\n-0003a300: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0003a310: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7365 742c 2020 4e65 7874 Node: set, Next\n-0003a320: 3a20 7368 6131 7375 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 : sha1sum, Prev\n-0003a330: 3a20 7365 6e64 6b65 792c 2020 5570 3a20 : sendkey, Up: \n-0003a340: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-0003a350: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3637 2073 mands..17.4.67 s\n-0003a360: 6574 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a et.-----------..\n-0003a370: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6574 -- Command: set\n-0003a380: 205b 656e 7676 6172 3d76 616c 7565 5d0a [envvar=value].\n-0003a390: 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 6865 2065 6e76 Set the env\n-0003a3a0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-0003a3b0: 6520 454e 5656 4152 2074 6f20 5641 4c55 e ENVVAR to VALU\n-0003a3c0: 452e 2020 4966 2069 6e76 6f6b 6564 2077 E. If invoked w\n-0003a3d0: 6974 6820 6e6f 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6775 ith no. argu\n-0003a3e0: 6d65 6e74 732c 2070 7269 6e74 2061 6c6c ments, print all\n-0003a3f0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-0003a400: 6961 626c 6573 2077 6974 6820 7468 6569 iables with thei\n-0003a410: 7220 7661 6c75 6573 2e20 2046 6f72 0a20 r values. For. \n-0003a420: 2020 2020 7468 6520 6c69 7374 206f 6620 the list of \n-0003a430: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-0003a440: 6162 6c65 7320 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 ables currently \n-0003a450: 7573 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 2069 7473 used by GRUB its\n-0003a460: 656c 6620 7365 650a 2020 2020 2074 6865 elf see. the\n-0003a470: 2072 656c 6576 616e 7420 7365 6374 696f relevant sectio\n-0003a480: 6e20 2a6e 6f74 6520 456e 7669 726f 6e6d n *note Environm\n-0003a490: 656e 743a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ent::.....File: \n-0003a4a0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0003a4b0: 3a20 7368 6131 7375 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 : sha1sum, Next\n-0003a4c0: 3a20 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d2c 2020 5072 : sha256sum, Pr\n-0003a4d0: 6576 3a20 7365 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f ev: set, Up: Co\n-0003a4e0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-0003a4f0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3638 2073 6861 nds..17.4.68 sha\n-0003a500: 3173 756d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 1sum.-----------\n-0003a510: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-0003a520: 643a 2073 6861 3173 756d 2061 7267 202e d: sha1sum arg .\n-0003a530: 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6961 7320 666f ... Alias fo\n-0003a540: 7220 e280 9868 6173 6873 756d 202d 2d68 r ...hashsum --h\n-0003a550: 6173 6820 7368 6131 2061 7267 202e 2e2e ash sha1 arg ...\n-0003a560: e280 992e 2020 5365 6520 636f 6d6d 616e .... See comman\n-0003a570: 6420 e280 9868 6173 6873 756d e280 990a d ...hashsum....\n-0003a580: 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6861 7368 (*note hash\n-0003a590: 7375 6d3a 3a29 2066 6f72 2066 756c 6c20 sum::) for full \n-0003a5a0: 6465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a description.....\n-0003a5b0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0003a5c0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7368 6132 3536 7375 Node: sha256su\n-0003a5d0: 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7368 6135 3132 m, Next: sha512\n-0003a5e0: 7375 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7368 6131 sum, Prev: sha1\n-0003a5f0: 7375 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e sum, Up: Comman\n-0003a600: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-0003a610: 0a31 372e 342e 3639 2073 6861 3235 3673 .17.4.69 sha256s\n-0003a620: 756d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d um.-------------\n-0003a630: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-0003a640: 643a 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 2061 7267 d: sha256sum arg\n-0003a650: 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6961 7320 .... Alias \n-0003a660: 666f 7220 e280 9868 6173 6873 756d 202d for ...hashsum -\n-0003a670: 2d68 6173 6820 7368 6132 3536 2061 7267 -hash sha256 arg\n-0003a680: 202e 2e2e e280 992e 2020 5365 6520 636f ....... See co\n-0003a690: 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9868 6173 6873 756d mmand ...hashsum\n-0003a6a0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 .... (*note \n-0003a6b0: 6861 7368 7375 6d3a 3a29 2066 6f72 2066 hashsum::) for f\n-0003a6c0: 756c 6c20 6465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e2e ull description.\n-0003a6d0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0003a6e0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7368 6135 nfo, Node: sha5\n-0003a6f0: 3132 7375 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 736c 12sum, Next: sl\n-0003a700: 6565 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7368 6132 eep, Prev: sha2\n-0003a710: 3536 7375 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 56sum, Up: Comm\n-0003a720: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n-0003a730: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3730 2073 6861 3531 s..17.4.70 sha51\n-0003a740: 3273 756d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2sum.-----------\n-0003a750: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0003a760: 616e 643a 2073 6861 3531 3273 756d 2061 and: sha512sum a\n-0003a770: 7267 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6961 rg .... Alia\n-0003a780: 7320 666f 7220 e280 9868 6173 6873 756d s for ...hashsum\n-0003a790: 202d 2d68 6173 6820 7368 6135 3132 2061 --hash sha512 a\n-0003a7a0: 7267 202e 2e2e e280 992e 2020 5365 6520 rg ....... See \n-0003a7b0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9868 6173 6873 command ...hashs\n-0003a7c0: 756d e280 990a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 um.... (*not\n-0003a7d0: 6520 6861 7368 7375 6d3a 3a29 2066 6f72 e hashsum::) for\n-0003a7e0: 2066 756c 6c20 6465 7363 7269 7074 696f full descriptio\n-0003a7f0: 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 n.....File: grub\n-0003a800: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 736c .info, Node: sl\n-0003a810: 6565 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 736d 6269 eep, Next: smbi\n-0003a820: 6f73 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 6861 3531 os, Prev: sha51\n-0003a830: 3273 756d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 2sum, Up: Comma\n-0003a840: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-0003a850: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3120 736c 6565 700a ..17.4.71 sleep.\n-0003a860: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-0003a870: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 736c 6565 -- Command: slee\n-0003a880: 7020 5b2d 2d76 6572 626f 7365 5d20 5b2d p [--verbose] [-\n-0003a890: 2d69 6e74 6572 7275 7074 6962 6c65 5d20 -interruptible] \n-0003a8a0: 636f 756e 740a 2020 2020 2053 6c65 6570 count. Sleep\n-0003a8b0: 2066 6f72 2043 4f55 4e54 2073 6563 6f6e for COUNT secon\n-0003a8c0: 6473 2e20 2049 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 ds. If option .\n-0003a8d0: 8098 2d2d 696e 7465 7272 7570 7469 626c ..--interruptibl\n-0003a8e0: 65e2 8099 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 0a20 e... is given,. \n-0003a8f0: 2020 2020 616c 6c6f 7720 7072 6573 7369 allow pressi\n-0003a900: 6e67 203c 4553 433e 2c20 3c46 343e 206f ng , o\n-0003a910: 7220 686f 6c64 696e 6720 646f 776e 203c r holding down <\n-0003a920: 5348 4946 543e 2074 6f20 696e 7465 7272 SHIFT> to interr\n-0003a930: 7570 740a 2020 2020 2073 6c65 6570 2e20 upt. sleep. \n-0003a940: 2057 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d76 6572 626f With ...--verbo\n-0003a950: 7365 e280 9920 7368 6f77 2063 6f75 6e74 se... show count\n-0003a960: 646f 776e 206f 6620 7265 6d61 696e 696e down of remainin\n-0003a970: 6720 7365 636f 6e64 732e 2020 4578 6974 g seconds. Exit\n-0003a980: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6465 2069 7320 7365 . code is se\n-0003a990: 7420 746f 2030 2069 6620 7469 6d65 6f75 t to 0 if timeou\n-0003a9a0: 7420 6578 7069 7265 6420 616e 6420 746f t expired and to\n-0003a9b0: 2031 2069 6620 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 7761 1 if timeout wa\n-0003a9c0: 730a 2020 2020 2069 6e74 6572 7275 7074 s. interrupt\n-0003a9d0: 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2061 6e79 206f 6620 ed using any of \n-0003a9e0: 7468 6520 6d65 6e74 696f 6e65 6420 6b65 the mentioned ke\n-0003a9f0: 7973 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ys.....File: gru\n-0003aa00: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 b.info, Node: s\n-0003aa10: 6d62 696f 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 736f mbios, Next: so\n-0003aa20: 7572 6365 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 6c65 urce, Prev: sle\n-0003aa30: 6570 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ep, Up: Command\n-0003aa40: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-0003aa50: 3137 2e34 2e37 3220 736d 6269 6f73 0a2d 17.4.72 smbios.-\n-0003aa60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-0003aa70: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 736d 6269 -- Command: smbi\n-0003aa80: 6f73 205b 2d2d 7479 7065 2054 5950 455d os [--type TYPE]\n-0003aa90: 205b 2d2d 6861 6e64 6c65 2048 414e 444c [--handle HANDL\n-0003aaa0: 455d 205b 2d2d 6d61 7463 6820 4d41 5443 E] [--match MATC\n-0003aab0: 485d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 2d2d H]. (--\n-0003aac0: 6765 742d 6279 7465 207c 202d 2d67 6574 get-byte | --get\n-0003aad0: 2d77 6f72 6420 7c20 2d2d 6765 742d 6477 -word | --get-dw\n-0003aae0: 6f72 6420 7c20 2d2d 6765 742d 7177 6f72 ord | --get-qwor\n-0003aaf0: 6420 7c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2d2d d |. --\n-0003ab00: 6765 742d 7374 7269 6e67 207c 202d 2d67 get-string | --g\n-0003ab10: 6574 2d75 7569 6429 204f 4646 5345 5420 et-uuid) OFFSET \n-0003ab20: 5b2d 2d73 6574 2056 4152 4941 424c 455d [--set VARIABLE]\n-0003ab30: 0a20 2020 2020 5265 7472 6965 7665 2053 . Retrieve S\n-0003ab40: 4d42 494f 5320 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f MBIOS informatio\n-0003ab50: 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 n... The ...\n-0003ab60: 736d 6269 6f73 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e smbios... comman\n-0003ab70: 6420 7265 7475 726e 7320 7468 6520 7661 d returns the va\n-0003ab80: 6c75 6520 6f66 2061 2066 6965 6c64 2069 lue of a field i\n-0003ab90: 6e20 616e 2053 4d42 494f 530a 2020 2020 n an SMBIOS. \n-0003aba0: 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 2e20 2054 6865 structure. The\n-0003abb0: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f following optio\n-0003abc0: 6e73 2064 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 2077 6869 ns determine whi\n-0003abd0: 6368 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 2074 6f0a ch structure to.\n-0003abe0: 2020 2020 2073 656c 6563 742e 0a0a 2020 select... \n-0003abf0: 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 5370 6563 6966 ... Specif\n-0003ac00: 7969 6e67 20e2 8098 2d2d 7479 7065 e280 ying ...--type..\n-0003ac10: 9920 7769 6c6c 2073 656c 6563 7420 7374 . will select st\n-0003ac20: 7275 6374 7572 6573 2077 6974 6820 6120 ructures with a \n-0003ac30: 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 2020 matching. \n-0003ac40: 2020 2054 5950 452e 2020 5468 6520 7479 TYPE. The ty\n-0003ac50: 7065 2063 616e 2062 6520 616e 7920 696e pe can be any in\n-0003ac60: 7465 6765 7220 6672 6f6d 2030 2074 6f20 teger from 0 to \n-0003ac70: 3235 352e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 255.. ...\n-0003ac80: 2053 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 e280 982d Specifying ...-\n-0003ac90: 2d68 616e 646c 65e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 -handle... will \n-0003aca0: 7365 6c65 6374 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 select structure\n-0003acb0: 7320 7769 7468 2061 206d 6174 6368 696e s with a matchin\n-0003acc0: 670a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4841 4e44 g. HAND\n-0003acd0: 4c45 2e20 2054 6865 2068 616e 646c 6520 LE. The handle \n-0003ace0: 6361 6e20 6265 2061 6e79 2069 6e74 6567 can be any integ\n-0003acf0: 6572 2066 726f 6d20 3020 746f 2036 3535 er from 0 to 655\n-0003ad00: 3335 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 35.. ... \n-0003ad10: 5370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 20e2 8098 2d2d Specifying ...--\n-0003ad20: 6d61 7463 68e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 7365 match... will se\n-0003ad30: 6c65 6374 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 206e lect structure n\n-0003ad40: 756d 6265 7220 4d41 5443 4820 696e 2074 umber MATCH in t\n-0003ad50: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 696c he. fil\n-0003ad60: 7465 7265 6420 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7374 tered list of st\n-0003ad70: 7275 6374 7572 6573 3b20 652e 672e 2020 ructures; e.g. \n-0003ad80: e280 9873 6d62 696f 7320 2d2d 7479 7065 ...smbios --type\n-0003ad90: 2034 202d 2d6d 6174 6368 2032 e280 990a 4 --match 2....\n-0003ada0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2073 will s\n-0003adb0: 656c 6563 7420 7468 6520 7365 636f 6e64 elect the second\n-0003adc0: 2050 726f 6365 7373 2049 6e66 6f72 6d61 Process Informa\n-0003add0: 7469 6f6e 2028 5479 7065 2034 2920 7374 tion (Type 4) st\n-0003ade0: 7275 6374 7572 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ructure.. \n-0003adf0: 2020 2054 6865 206c 6973 7420 6973 2061 The list is a\n-0003ae00: 6c77 6179 7320 6f72 6465 7265 6420 7468 lways ordered th\n-0003ae10: 6520 7361 6d65 2061 7320 7468 6520 6861 e same as the ha\n-0003ae20: 7264 7761 7265 2773 2053 4d42 494f 530a rdware's SMBIOS.\n-0003ae30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7461 626c 652e table.\n-0003ae40: 2020 5468 6520 6d61 7463 6820 6e75 6d62 The match numb\n-0003ae50: 6572 206d 7573 7420 6265 2061 2070 6f73 er must be a pos\n-0003ae60: 6974 6976 6520 696e 7465 6765 722e 2020 itive integer. \n-0003ae70: 4966 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 6e73 If. uns\n-0003ae80: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 7468 6520 6669 pecified, the fi\n-0003ae90: 7273 7420 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 2073 7472 rst matching str\n-0003aea0: 7563 7475 7265 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 ucture will be s\n-0003aeb0: 656c 6563 7465 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 elected... T\n-0003aec0: 6865 2072 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 206f 7074 he remaining opt\n-0003aed0: 696f 6e73 2064 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 2077 ions determine w\n-0003aee0: 6869 6368 2066 6965 6c64 2069 6e20 7468 hich field in th\n-0003aef0: 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f e selected SMBIO\n-0003af00: 530a 2020 2020 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 S. structure\n-0003af10: 2074 6f20 7265 7475 726e 2e20 204f 6e6c to return. Onl\n-0003af20: 7920 6f6e 6520 6f66 2074 6865 7365 206f y one of these o\n-0003af30: 7074 696f 6e73 206d 6179 2062 6520 7370 ptions may be sp\n-0003af40: 6563 6966 6965 6420 6174 0a20 2020 2020 ecified at. \n-0003af50: 6120 7469 6d65 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 a time... \n-0003af60: 20e2 80a2 2057 6865 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 ... When given \n-0003af70: e280 982d 2d67 6574 2d62 7974 65e2 8099 ...--get-byte...\n-0003af80: 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 6865 2076 616c , return the val\n-0003af90: 7565 206f 6620 7468 6520 6279 7465 2061 ue of the byte a\n-0003afa0: 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4f46 4653 t. OFFS\n-0003afb0: 4554 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 ET bytes into th\n-0003afc0: 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f e selected SMBIO\n-0003afd0: 5320 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e 2020 4974 S structure. It\n-0003afe0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 2020 will be. \n-0003aff0: 2020 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2061 7320 formatted as \n-0003b000: 616e 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 6465 6369 an unsigned deci\n-0003b010: 6d61 6c20 696e 7465 6765 722e 0a20 2020 mal integer.. \n-0003b020: 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2057 6865 6e20 6769 ... When gi\n-0003b030: 7665 6e20 e280 982d 2d67 6574 2d77 6f72 ven ...--get-wor\n-0003b040: 64e2 8099 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 6865 d..., return the\n-0003b050: 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 6520 776f value of the wo\n-0003b060: 7264 2028 7477 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 rd (two. \n-0003b070: 2020 6279 7465 7329 2061 7420 4f46 4653 bytes) at OFFS\n-0003b080: 4554 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 ET bytes into th\n-0003b090: 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f e selected SMBIO\n-0003b0a0: 5320 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e 2020 4974 S structure. It\n-0003b0b0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 . will \n-0003b0c0: 6265 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2061 7320 be formatted as \n-0003b0d0: 616e 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 6465 6369 an unsigned deci\n-0003b0e0: 6d61 6c20 696e 7465 6765 722e 0a20 2020 mal integer.. \n-0003b0f0: 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2057 6865 6e20 6769 ... When gi\n-0003b100: 7665 6e20 e280 982d 2d67 6574 2d64 776f ven ...--get-dwo\n-0003b110: 7264 e280 992c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7468 rd..., return th\n-0003b120: 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2064 e value of the d\n-0003b130: 776f 7264 2028 666f 7572 0a20 2020 2020 word (four. \n-0003b140: 2020 2020 2062 7974 6573 2920 6174 204f bytes) at O\n-0003b150: 4646 5345 5420 6279 7465 7320 696e 746f FFSET bytes into\n-0003b160: 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 534d the selected SM\n-0003b170: 4249 4f53 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 2e20 BIOS structure. \n-0003b180: 2049 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 It. wi\n-0003b190: 6c6c 2062 6520 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 ll be formatted \n-0003b1a0: 6173 2061 6e20 756e 7369 676e 6564 2064 as an unsigned d\n-0003b1b0: 6563 696d 616c 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2e0a ecimal integer..\n-0003b1c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 5768 656e ... When\n-0003b1d0: 2067 6976 656e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6765 742d given ...--get-\n-0003b1e0: 7177 6f72 64e2 8099 2c20 7265 7475 726e qword..., return\n-0003b1f0: 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 the value of th\n-0003b200: 6520 7177 6f72 6420 2865 6967 6874 0a20 e qword (eight. \n-0003b210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 7974 6573 2920 bytes) \n-0003b220: 6174 204f 4646 5345 5420 6279 7465 7320 at OFFSET bytes \n-0003b230: 696e 746f 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 into the selecte\n-0003b240: 6420 534d 4249 4f53 2073 7472 7563 7475 d SMBIOS structu\n-0003b250: 7265 2e20 2049 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 re. It. \n-0003b260: 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 666f 726d 6174 will be format\n-0003b270: 7465 6420 6173 2061 6e20 756e 7369 676e ted as an unsign\n-0003b280: 6564 2064 6563 696d 616c 2069 6e74 6567 ed decimal integ\n-0003b290: 6572 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 er.. ... \n-0003b2a0: 5768 656e 2067 6976 656e 20e2 8098 2d2d When given ...--\n-0003b2b0: 6765 742d 7374 7269 6e67 e280 992c 2072 get-string..., r\n-0003b2c0: 6574 7572 6e20 7468 6520 7374 7269 6e67 eturn the string\n-0003b2d0: 2077 6974 6820 6974 7320 696e 6465 780a with its index.\n-0003b2e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 666f 756e 6420 found \n-0003b2f0: 6174 204f 4646 5345 5420 6279 7465 7320 at OFFSET bytes \n-0003b300: 696e 746f 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 into the selecte\n-0003b310: 6420 534d 4249 4f53 2073 7472 7563 7475 d SMBIOS structu\n-0003b320: 7265 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 re.. ... \n-0003b330: 5768 656e 2067 6976 656e 20e2 8098 2d2d When given ...--\n-0003b340: 6765 742d 7575 6964 e280 992c 2072 6574 get-uuid..., ret\n-0003b350: 7572 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 urn the value of\n-0003b360: 2074 6865 2055 5549 4420 2873 6978 7465 the UUID (sixte\n-0003b370: 656e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 7974 en. byt\n-0003b380: 6573 2920 6174 204f 4646 5345 5420 6279 es) at OFFSET by\n-0003b390: 7465 7320 696e 746f 2074 6865 2073 656c tes into the sel\n-0003b3a0: 6563 7465 6420 534d 4249 4f53 2073 7472 ected SMBIOS str\n-0003b3b0: 7563 7475 7265 2e20 2049 740a 2020 2020 ucture. 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EXPRESSI\n-0003c310: 4f4e 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6569 ON2. ei\n-0003c320: 7468 6572 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e31 ther EXPRESSION1\n-0003c330: 206f 7220 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3220 or EXPRESSION2 \n-0003c340: 6973 2074 7275 650a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a is true....File:\n-0003c350: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0003c360: 653a 2074 7275 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 e: true, Next: \n-0003c370: 7472 7573 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7465 trust, Prev: te\n-0003c380: 7374 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 st, Up: Command\n-0003c390: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-0003c3a0: 3137 2e34 2e37 3520 7472 7565 0a2d 2d2d 17.4.75 true.---\n-0003c3b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-0003c3c0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7472 7565 0a20 2020 ommand: true. \n-0003c3d0: 2020 446f 206e 6f74 6869 6e67 2c20 7375 Do nothing, su\n-0003c3e0: 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2e20 2054 6869 ccessfully. Thi\n-0003c3f0: 7320 6973 206d 6169 6e6c 7920 7573 6566 s is mainly usef\n-0003c400: 756c 2069 6e20 636f 6e74 726f 6c0a 2020 ul in control. \n-0003c410: 2020 2063 6f6e 7374 7275 6374 7320 7375 constructs su\n-0003c420: 6368 2061 7320 e280 9869 66e2 8099 2061 ch as ...if... a\n-0003c430: 6e64 20e2 8098 7768 696c 65e2 8099 2028 nd ...while... (\n-0003c440: 2a6e 6f74 6520 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 *note Shell-like\n-0003c450: 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 3a3a 292e 0a0a scripting::)...\n-0003c460: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0003c470: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7472 7573 742c o, Node: trust,\n-0003c480: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 756e 7365 742c 2020 Next: unset, \n-0003c490: 5072 6576 3a20 7472 7565 2c20 2055 703a Prev: true, Up:\n-0003c4a0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-0003c4b0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3620 mmands..17.4.76 \n-0003c4c0: 7472 7573 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d trust.----------\n-0003c4d0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-0003c4e0: 3a20 7472 7573 7420 5b2d 2d73 6b69 702d : trust [--skip-\n-0003c4f0: 7369 675d 2070 7562 6b65 795f 6669 6c65 sig] pubkey_file\n-0003c500: 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6164 2070 7562 6c69 . Read publi\n-0003c510: 6320 6b65 7920 6672 6f6d 2050 5542 4b45 c key from PUBKE\n-0003c520: 595f 4649 4c45 2061 6e64 2061 6464 2069 Y_FILE and add i\n-0003c530: 7420 746f 2047 5255 4227 7320 696e 7465 t to GRUB's inte\n-0003c540: 726e 616c 206c 6973 740a 2020 2020 206f rnal list. o\n-0003c550: 6620 7472 7573 7465 6420 7075 626c 6963 f trusted public\n-0003c560: 206b 6579 732e 2020 5468 6573 6520 6b65 keys. These ke\n-0003c570: 7973 2061 7265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2076 ys are used to v\n-0003c580: 616c 6964 6174 6520 6469 6769 7461 6c0a alidate digital.\n-0003c590: 2020 2020 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 7320 signatures \n-0003c5a0: 7768 656e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 when environment\n-0003c5b0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 9863 6865 variable ...che\n-0003c5c0: 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 8099 ck_signatures...\n-0003c5d0: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 is set to. \n-0003c5e0: e280 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 992e 2020 ...enforce.... \n-0003c5f0: 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 6966 20e2 8098 Note that if ...\n-0003c600: 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 check_signatures\n-0003c610: e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 ... is set to ..\n-0003c620: 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 990a 2020 2020 .enforce.... \n-0003c630: 2077 6865 6e20 e280 9874 7275 7374 e280 when ...trust..\n-0003c640: 9920 6578 6563 7574 6573 2c20 7468 656e . executes, then\n-0003c650: 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 206d 7573 PUBKEY_FILE mus\n-0003c660: 7420 6974 7365 6c66 2062 6520 7072 6f70 t itself be prop\n-0003c670: 6572 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7369 676e 6564 erly. signed\n-0003c680: 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 . The ...--skip\n-0003c690: 2d73 6967 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2063 -sig... option c\n-0003c6a0: 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6469 an be used to di\n-0003c6b0: 7361 626c 650a 2020 2020 2073 6967 6e61 sable. signa\n-0003c6c0: 7475 7265 2d63 6865 636b 696e 6720 7768 ture-checking wh\n-0003c6d0: 656e 2072 6561 6469 6e67 2050 5542 4b45 en reading PUBKE\n-0003c6e0: 595f 4649 4c45 2069 7473 656c 662e 2020 Y_FILE itself. \n-0003c6f0: 4974 2069 7320 6578 7065 6374 6564 0a20 It is expected. \n-0003c700: 2020 2020 7468 6174 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b that ...--sk\n-0003c710: 6970 2d73 6967 e280 9920 6973 2075 7365 ip-sig... is use\n-0003c720: 6675 6c20 666f 7220 7465 7374 696e 6720 ful for testing \n-0003c730: 616e 6420 6d61 6e75 616c 2062 6f6f 7469 and manual booti\n-0003c740: 6e67 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 ng. *Note. \n-0003c750: 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 Using digital si\n-0003c760: 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 gnatures::, for \n-0003c770: 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e more information\n-0003c780: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-0003c790: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2075 6e73 info, Node: uns\n-0003c7a0: 6574 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2076 6572 6966 et, Next: verif\n-0003c7b0: 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 2c20 2050 7265 y_detached, Pre\n-0003c7c0: 763a 2074 7275 7374 2c20 2055 703a 2043 v: trust, Up: C\n-0003c7d0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-0003c7e0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3720 756e ands..17.4.77 un\n-0003c7f0: 7365 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d set.------------\n-0003c800: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-0003c810: 756e 7365 7420 656e 7676 6172 0a20 2020 unset envvar. \n-0003c820: 2020 556e 7365 7420 7468 6520 656e 7669 Unset the envi\n-0003c830: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-0003c840: 2045 4e56 5641 522e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 ENVVAR.....File\n-0003c850: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0003c860: 6465 3a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 de: verify_detac\n-0003c870: 6865 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7669 6465 hed, Next: vide\n-0003c880: 6f69 6e66 6f2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 756e oinfo, Prev: un\n-0003c890: 7365 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e set, Up: Comman\n-0003c8a0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-0003c8b0: 0a31 372e 342e 3738 2076 6572 6966 795f .17.4.78 verify_\n-0003c8c0: 6465 7461 6368 6564 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d detached.-------\n-0003c8d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003c8e0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2076 .. -- Command: v\n-0003c8f0: 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 205b erify_detached [\n-0003c900: 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 5d20 6669 6c65 --skip-sig] file\n-0003c910: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 5f66 696c 650a signature_file.\n-0003c920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b70 7562 6b65 [pubke\n-0003c930: 795f 6669 6c65 5d0a 2020 2020 2056 6572 y_file]. Ver\n-0003c940: 6966 6965 7320 6120 4750 472d 7374 796c ifies a GPG-styl\n-0003c950: 6520 6465 7461 6368 6564 2073 6967 6e61 e detached signa\n-0003c960: 7475 7265 2c20 7768 6572 6520 7468 6520 ture, where the \n-0003c970: 7369 676e 6564 2066 696c 6520 6973 0a20 signed file is. \n-0003c980: 2020 2020 4649 4c45 2c20 616e 6420 7468 FILE, and th\n-0003c990: 6520 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 6974 7365 e signature itse\n-0003c9a0: 6c66 2069 7320 696e 2066 696c 6520 5349 lf is in file SI\n-0003c9b0: 474e 4154 5552 455f 4649 4c45 2e0a 2020 GNATURE_FILE.. \n-0003c9c0: 2020 204f 7074 696f 6e61 6c6c 792c 2061 Optionally, a\n-0003c9d0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 7075 626c 6963 specific public\n-0003c9e0: 206b 6579 2074 6f20 7573 6520 6361 6e20 key to use can \n-0003c9f0: 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2075 7369 be specified usi\n-0003ca00: 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 5055 424b 4559 5f46 ng. PUBKEY_F\n-0003ca10: 494c 452e 2020 5768 656e 2065 6e76 6972 ILE. When envir\n-0003ca20: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 onment variable \n-0003ca30: e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 ...check_signatu\n-0003ca40: 7265 73e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 740a 2020 res... is set. \n-0003ca50: 2020 2074 6f20 e280 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 to ...enforce\n-0003ca60: e280 992c 2074 6865 6e20 5055 424b 4559 ..., then PUBKEY\n-0003ca70: 5f46 494c 4520 6d75 7374 2069 7473 656c _FILE must itsel\n-0003ca80: 6620 6265 2070 726f 7065 726c 7920 7369 f be properly si\n-0003ca90: 676e 6564 2062 7920 616e 0a20 2020 2020 gned by an. \n-0003caa0: 616c 7265 6164 792d 7472 7573 7465 6420 already-trusted \n-0003cab0: 6b65 792e 2020 416e 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 key. An unsigne\n-0003cac0: 6420 5055 424b 4559 5f46 494c 4520 6361 d PUBKEY_FILE ca\n-0003cad0: 6e20 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6279 0a20 n be loaded by. \n-0003cae0: 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 20e2 specifying .\n-0003caf0: 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 e280 992e ..--skip-sig....\n-0003cb00: 2020 4966 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 If PUBKEY_FILE\n-0003cb10: 2069 7320 6f6d 6974 7465 642c 2074 6865 is omitted, the\n-0003cb20: 6e20 7075 626c 6963 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 n public. ke\n-0003cb30: 7973 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 2773 2074 ys from GRUB's t\n-0003cb40: 7275 7374 6564 206b 6579 7320 282a 6e6f rusted keys (*no\n-0003cb50: 7465 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 643a te list_trusted:\n-0003cb60: 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 2074 7275 7374 3a3a :, *note trust::\n-0003cb70: 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 202a 6e6f 7465 ,. and *note\n-0003cb80: 2064 6973 7472 7573 743a 3a29 2061 7265 distrust::) are\n-0003cb90: 2074 7269 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4578 tried... Ex\n-0003cba0: 6974 2063 6f64 6520 e280 9824 3fe2 8099 it code ...$?...\n-0003cbb0: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2030 2069 6620 is set to 0 if \n-0003cbc0: 7468 6520 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 7661 the signature va\n-0003cbd0: 6c69 6461 7465 7320 7375 6363 6573 7366 lidates successf\n-0003cbe0: 756c 6c79 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7661 ully.. If va\n-0003cbf0: 6c69 6461 7469 6f6e 2066 6169 6c73 2c20 lidation fails, \n-0003cc00: 6974 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2061 206e it is set to a n\n-0003cc10: 6f6e 2d7a 6572 6f20 7661 6c75 652e 2020 on-zero value. \n-0003cc20: 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 696e 670a 2020 2020 *Note Using. \n-0003cc30: 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 digital signatu\n-0003cc40: 7265 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 res::, for more \n-0003cc50: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a information.....\n-0003cc60: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0003cc70: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 Node: videoinf\n-0003cc80: 6f2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7772 6d73 722c o, Next: wrmsr,\n-0003cc90: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 Prev: verify_d\n-0003cca0: 6574 6163 6865 642c 2020 5570 3a20 436f etached, Up: Co\n-0003ccb0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-0003ccc0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3739 2076 6964 nds..17.4.79 vid\n-0003ccd0: 656f 696e 666f 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d eoinfo.---------\n-0003cce0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-0003ccf0: 6d6d 616e 643a 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f mmand: videoinfo\n-0003cd00: 205b 5b57 7848 5d78 445d 0a20 2020 2020 [[WxH]xD]. \n-0003cd10: 4c69 7374 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2076 List available v\n-0003cd20: 6964 656f 206d 6f64 6573 2e20 2049 6620 ideo modes. If \n-0003cd30: 7265 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6769 resolution is gi\n-0003cd40: 7665 6e2c 2073 686f 7720 6f6e 6c79 0a20 ven, show only. \n-0003cd50: 2020 2020 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 206d 6f64 matching mod\n-0003cd60: 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 es.....File: gru\n-0003cd70: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2077 b.info, Node: w\n-0003cd80: 726d 7372 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2076 6964 rmsr, Prev: vid\n-0003cd90: 656f 696e 666f 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d eoinfo, Up: Com\n-0003cda0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-0003cdb0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e38 3020 7772 6d73 ds..17.4.80 wrms\n-0003cdc0: 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a r.-------------.\n-0003cdd0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a3a 2077 . -- Command:: w\n-0003cde0: 726d 7372 2030 7841 4444 5220 3078 5641 rmsr 0xADDR 0xVA\n-0003cdf0: 4c55 450a 2020 2020 2057 7269 7465 2061 LUE. Write a\n-0003ce00: 2030 7856 414c 5545 2074 6f20 6120 6d6f 0xVALUE to a mo\n-0003ce10: 6465 6c2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2072 6567 del-specific reg\n-0003ce20: 6973 7465 7220 6174 2061 6464 7265 7373 ister at address\n-0003ce30: 2030 7841 4444 522e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 0xADDR... P\n-0003ce40: 6c65 6173 6520 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 lease note that \n-0003ce50: 6f6e 2053 4d50 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 on SMP systems, \n-0003ce60: 7772 6974 696e 6720 746f 2061 204d 5352 writing to a MSR\n-0003ce70: 2074 6861 7420 6861 7320 6120 7363 6f70 that has a scop\n-0003ce80: 650a 2020 2020 2070 6572 2068 6172 6477 e. per hardw\n-0003ce90: 6172 6520 7468 7265 6164 2c20 696d 706c are thread, impl\n-0003cea0: 6965 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 2076 616c ies that the val\n-0003ceb0: 7565 2074 6861 7420 6973 2077 7269 7474 ue that is writt\n-0003cec0: 656e 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 2061 7070 en only. app\n-0003ced0: 6c69 6573 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7061 7274 lies to the part\n-0003cee0: 6963 756c 6172 2063 7075 2f63 6f72 652f icular cpu/core/\n-0003cef0: 7468 7265 6164 2074 6861 7420 7275 6e73 thread that runs\n-0003cf00: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 the command... \n-0003cf10: 2020 2020 416c 736f 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 Also, if you\n-0003cf20: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 2072 6573 6572 specify a reser\n-0003cf30: 7665 6420 6f72 2075 6e69 6d70 6c65 6d65 ved or unimpleme\n-0003cf40: 6e74 6564 204d 5352 2061 6464 7265 7373 nted MSR address\n-0003cf50: 2c20 6974 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2063 , it. will c\n-0003cf60: 6175 7365 2061 2067 656e 6572 616c 2070 ause a general p\n-0003cf70: 726f 7465 6374 696f 6e20 6578 6365 7074 rotection except\n-0003cf80: 696f 6e20 2877 6869 6368 2069 7320 6e6f ion (which is no\n-0003cf90: 7420 6375 7272 656e 746c 790a 2020 2020 t currently. \n-0003cfa0: 2062 6569 6e67 2068 616e 646c 6564 2920 being handled) \n-0003cfb0: 616e 6420 7468 6520 7379 7374 656d 2077 and the system w\n-0003cfc0: 696c 6c20 7265 626f 6f74 2e0a 0a20 2020 ill reboot... \n-0003cfd0: 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 636f 6d6d Note: The comm\n-0003cfe0: 616e 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 and is not allow\n-0003cff0: 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e ed when lockdown\n-0003d000: 2069 7320 656e 666f 7263 6564 2028 2a6e is enforced (*n\n-0003d010: 6f74 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 ote. Lockdow\n-0003d020: 6e3a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2064 n::). This is d\n-0003d030: 6f6e 6520 746f 2070 7265 7665 6e74 2073 one to prevent s\n-0003d040: 7562 7665 7274 696e 6720 7661 7269 6f75 ubverting variou\n-0003d050: 7320 7365 6375 7269 7479 0a20 2020 2020 s security. \n-0003d060: 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 mechanisms.....F\n-0003d070: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0003d080: 204e 6f64 653a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e Node: Networkin\n-0003d090: 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 204e 6578 g commands, Nex\n-0003d0a0: 743a 2055 6e64 6f63 756d 656e 7465 6420 t: Undocumented \n-0003d0b0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2050 7265 763a commands, Prev:\n-0003d0c0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-0003d0d0: 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d mmands, Up: Com\n-0003d0e0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 3520 4e65 7477 mands..17.5 Netw\n-0003d0f0: 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a orking commands.\n+00039de0: 2020 5269 6768 740a 0a20 2020 2020 4173 Right.. As\n+00039df0: 2077 656c 6c20 6173 206b 6579 7374 726f well as keystro\n+00039e00: 6b65 732c 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7365 6e64 kes, the ...send\n+00039e10: 6b65 79e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 key... command t\n+00039e20: 616b 6573 2076 6172 696f 7573 206f 7074 akes various opt\n+00039e30: 696f 6e73 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6174 2061 ions. that a\n+00039e40: 6666 6563 7420 7468 6520 4249 4f53 206b ffect the BIOS k\n+00039e50: 6579 626f 6172 6420 7374 6174 7573 2066 eyboard status f\n+00039e60: 6c61 6773 2e20 2054 6865 7365 206f 7074 lags. These opt\n+00039e70: 696f 6e73 2074 616b 6520 616e 0a20 2020 ions take an. \n+00039e80: 2020 e280 986f 6ee2 8099 206f 7220 e280 ...on... or ..\n+00039e90: 986f 6666 e280 9920 7061 7261 6d65 7465 .off... paramete\n+00039ea0: 722c 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 7468 r, specifying th\n+00039eb0: 6174 2074 6865 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e at the correspon\n+00039ec0: 6469 6e67 2073 7461 7475 730a 2020 2020 ding status. \n+00039ed0: 2066 6c61 6720 6265 2073 6574 206f 7220 flag be set or \n+00039ee0: 756e 7365 743b 206f 6d69 7474 696e 6720 unset; omitting \n+00039ef0: 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2061 the option for a\n+00039f00: 2067 6976 656e 2073 7461 7475 7320 666c given status fl\n+00039f10: 6167 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 206c 6561 ag. will lea\n+00039f20: 7665 2074 6861 7420 666c 6167 2061 7420 ve that flag at \n+00039f30: 6974 7320 696e 6974 6961 6c20 7374 6174 its initial stat\n+00039f40: 6520 6174 2062 6f6f 742e 2020 5468 6520 e at boot. The \n+00039f50: e280 982d 2d6e 756d e280 992c 0a20 2020 ...--num...,. \n+00039f60: 2020 e280 982d 2d63 6170 73e2 8099 2c20 ...--caps..., \n+00039f70: e280 982d 2d73 6372 6f6c 6ce2 8099 2c20 ...--scroll..., \n+00039f80: 616e 6420 e280 982d 2d69 6e73 6572 74e2 and ...--insert.\n+00039f90: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2065 6d75 6c61 .. options emula\n+00039fa0: 7465 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 te setting the. \n+00039fb0: 2020 2020 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 696e correspondin\n+00039fc0: 6720 6d6f 6465 2c20 7768 696c 6520 7468 g mode, while th\n+00039fd0: 6520 e280 982d 2d6e 756d 6b65 79e2 8099 e ...--numkey...\n+00039fe0: 2c20 e280 982d 2d63 6170 736b 6579 e280 , ...--capskey..\n+00039ff0: 992c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d 2d73 6372 .,. ...--scr\n+0003a000: 6f6c 6c6b 6579 e280 992c 2061 6e64 20e2 ollkey..., and .\n+0003a010: 8098 2d2d 696e 7365 7274 6b65 79e2 8099 ..--insertkey...\n+0003a020: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2065 6d75 6c61 7465 options emulate\n+0003a030: 2070 7265 7373 696e 6720 616e 640a 2020 pressing and. \n+0003a040: 2020 2068 6f6c 6469 6e67 2074 6865 2063 holding the c\n+0003a050: 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 206b 6579 orresponding key\n+0003a060: 2e20 2054 6865 206f 7468 6572 2073 7461 . The other sta\n+0003a070: 7475 7320 666c 6167 206f 7074 696f 6e73 tus flag options\n+0003a080: 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6c66 2d65 are. self-e\n+0003a090: 7870 6c61 6e61 746f 7279 2e0a 0a20 2020 xplanatory... \n+0003a0a0: 2020 4966 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 6e6f If the ...--no\n+0003a0b0: 2d6c 6564 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 -led... option i\n+0003a0c0: 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2074 6865 2073 7461 s given, the sta\n+0003a0d0: 7475 7320 666c 6167 206f 7074 696f 6e73 tus flag options\n+0003a0e0: 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 2068 6176 6520 will. have \n+0003a0f0: 6e6f 2065 6666 6563 7420 6f6e 206b 6579 no effect on key\n+0003a100: 626f 6172 6420 4c45 4473 2e0a 0a20 2020 board LEDs... \n+0003a110: 2020 4966 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7365 6e64 If the ...send\n+0003a120: 6b65 79e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 key... command i\n+0003a130: 7320 6769 7665 6e20 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 s given multiple\n+0003a140: 2074 696d 6573 2c20 7468 656e 206f 6e6c times, then onl\n+0003a150: 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 206c 6173 7420 y the. last \n+0003a160: 696e 766f 6361 7469 6f6e 2068 6173 2061 invocation has a\n+0003a170: 6e79 2065 6666 6563 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 ny effect... \n+0003a180: 2053 696e 6365 20e2 8098 7365 6e64 6b65 Since ...sendke\n+0003a190: 79e2 8099 206d 616e 6970 756c 6174 6573 y... manipulates\n+0003a1a0: 2074 6865 2042 494f 5320 6b65 7962 6f61 the BIOS keyboa\n+0003a1b0: 7264 2062 7566 6665 722c 2069 7420 6d61 rd buffer, it ma\n+0003a1c0: 7920 6361 7573 650a 2020 2020 2068 616e y cause. han\n+0003a1d0: 6773 2c20 7265 626f 6f74 732c 206f 7220 gs, reboots, or \n+0003a1e0: 6f74 6865 7220 6d69 7362 6568 6176 696f other misbehavio\n+0003a1f0: 7572 206f 6e20 736f 6d65 2073 7973 7465 ur on some syste\n+0003a200: 6d73 2e20 2049 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 ms. If the. \n+0003a210: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n+0003a220: 6d20 6f72 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 m or boot loader\n+0003a230: 2074 6861 7420 7275 6e73 2061 6674 6572 that runs after\n+0003a240: 2047 5255 4220 7573 6573 2069 7473 206f GRUB uses its o\n+0003a250: 776e 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 wn. keyboard\n+0003a260: 2064 7269 7665 7220 7261 7468 6572 2074 driver rather t\n+0003a270: 6861 6e20 7468 6520 4249 4f53 206b 6579 han the BIOS key\n+0003a280: 626f 6172 6420 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 732c board functions,\n+0003a290: 2074 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7365 then. ...se\n+0003a2a0: 6e64 6b65 79e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6861 ndkey... will ha\n+0003a2b0: 7665 206e 6f20 6566 6665 6374 2e0a 0a20 ve no effect... \n+0003a2c0: 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 This command\n+0003a2d0: 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 is only availab\n+0003a2e0: 6c65 206f 6e20 5043 2042 494f 5320 7379 le on PC BIOS sy\n+0003a2f0: 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 stems.....File: \n+0003a300: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0003a310: 3a20 7365 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7368 : set, Next: sh\n+0003a320: 6131 7375 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7365 a1sum, Prev: se\n+0003a330: 6e64 6b65 792c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d ndkey, Up: Comm\n+0003a340: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+0003a350: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3637 2073 6574 0a2d s..17.4.67 set.-\n+0003a360: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+0003a370: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6574 205b 656e Command: set [en\n+0003a380: 7676 6172 3d76 616c 7565 5d0a 2020 2020 vvar=value]. \n+0003a390: 2053 6574 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Set the environ\n+0003a3a0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 454e ment variable EN\n+0003a3b0: 5656 4152 2074 6f20 5641 4c55 452e 2020 VVAR to VALUE. \n+0003a3c0: 4966 2069 6e76 6f6b 6564 2077 6974 6820 If invoked with \n+0003a3d0: 6e6f 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 no. argument\n+0003a3e0: 732c 2070 7269 6e74 2061 6c6c 2065 6e76 s, print all env\n+0003a3f0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+0003a400: 6573 2077 6974 6820 7468 6569 7220 7661 es with their va\n+0003a410: 6c75 6573 2e20 2046 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 lues. For. \n+0003a420: 7468 6520 6c69 7374 206f 6620 656e 7669 the list of envi\n+0003a430: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+0003a440: 7320 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 7573 6564 s currently used\n+0003a450: 2062 7920 4752 5542 2069 7473 656c 6620 by GRUB itself \n+0003a460: 7365 650a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2072 656c see. the rel\n+0003a470: 6576 616e 7420 7365 6374 696f 6e20 2a6e evant section *n\n+0003a480: 6f74 6520 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 743a ote Environment:\n+0003a490: 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 :.....File: grub\n+0003a4a0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7368 .info, Node: sh\n+0003a4b0: 6131 7375 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7368 a1sum, Next: sh\n+0003a4c0: 6132 3536 7375 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 a256sum, Prev: \n+0003a4d0: 7365 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e set, Up: Comman\n+0003a4e0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n+0003a4f0: 0a31 372e 342e 3638 2073 6861 3173 756d .17.4.68 sha1sum\n+0003a500: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+0003a510: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 .. -- Command: s\n+0003a520: 6861 3173 756d 2061 7267 202e 2e2e 0a20 ha1sum arg .... \n+0003a530: 2020 2020 416c 6961 7320 666f 7220 e280 Alias for ..\n+0003a540: 9868 6173 6873 756d 202d 2d68 6173 6820 .hashsum --hash \n+0003a550: 7368 6131 2061 7267 202e 2e2e e280 992e sha1 arg .......\n+0003a560: 2020 5365 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 See command ..\n+0003a570: 9868 6173 6873 756d e280 990a 2020 2020 .hashsum.... \n+0003a580: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6861 7368 7375 6d3a (*note hashsum:\n+0003a590: 3a29 2066 6f72 2066 756c 6c20 6465 7363 :) for full desc\n+0003a5a0: 7269 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 ription.....File\n+0003a5b0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0003a5c0: 6465 3a20 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d2c 2020 de: sha256sum, \n+0003a5d0: 4e65 7874 3a20 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d2c Next: sha512sum,\n+0003a5e0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7368 6131 7375 6d2c Prev: sha1sum,\n+0003a5f0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+0003a600: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+0003a610: 342e 3639 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 0a2d 4.69 sha256sum.-\n+0003a620: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0003a630: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 .. -- Command: s\n+0003a640: 6861 3235 3673 756d 2061 7267 202e 2e2e ha256sum arg ...\n+0003a650: 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6961 7320 666f 7220 . Alias for \n+0003a660: e280 9868 6173 6873 756d 202d 2d68 6173 ...hashsum --has\n+0003a670: 6820 7368 6132 3536 2061 7267 202e 2e2e h sha256 arg ...\n+0003a680: e280 992e 2020 5365 6520 636f 6d6d 616e .... See comman\n+0003a690: 6420 e280 9868 6173 6873 756d e280 990a d ...hashsum....\n+0003a6a0: 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6861 7368 (*note hash\n+0003a6b0: 7375 6d3a 3a29 2066 6f72 2066 756c 6c20 sum::) for full \n+0003a6c0: 6465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a description.....\n+0003a6d0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0003a6e0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7368 6135 3132 7375 Node: sha512su\n+0003a6f0: 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 736c 6565 702c m, Next: sleep,\n+0003a700: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7368 6132 3536 7375 Prev: sha256su\n+0003a710: 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d m, Up: Command-\n+0003a720: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+0003a730: 372e 342e 3730 2073 6861 3531 3273 756d 7.4.70 sha512sum\n+0003a740: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+0003a750: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0003a760: 2073 6861 3531 3273 756d 2061 7267 202e sha512sum arg .\n+0003a770: 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6961 7320 666f ... Alias fo\n+0003a780: 7220 e280 9868 6173 6873 756d 202d 2d68 r ...hashsum --h\n+0003a790: 6173 6820 7368 6135 3132 2061 7267 202e ash sha512 arg .\n+0003a7a0: 2e2e e280 992e 2020 5365 6520 636f 6d6d ...... See comm\n+0003a7b0: 616e 6420 e280 9868 6173 6873 756d e280 and ...hashsum..\n+0003a7c0: 990a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6861 .. (*note ha\n+0003a7d0: 7368 7375 6d3a 3a29 2066 6f72 2066 756c shsum::) for ful\n+0003a7e0: 6c20 6465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a l description...\n+0003a7f0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0003a800: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 736c 6565 702c o, Node: sleep,\n+0003a810: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 736d 6269 6f73 2c20 Next: smbios, \n+0003a820: 2050 7265 763a 2073 6861 3531 3273 756d Prev: sha512sum\n+0003a830: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+0003a840: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n+0003a850: 2e34 2e37 3120 736c 6565 700a 2d2d 2d2d .4.71 sleep.----\n+0003a860: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+0003a870: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 736c 6565 7020 5b2d ommand: sleep [-\n+0003a880: 2d76 6572 626f 7365 5d20 5b2d 2d69 6e74 -verbose] [--int\n+0003a890: 6572 7275 7074 6962 6c65 5d20 636f 756e erruptible] coun\n+0003a8a0: 740a 2020 2020 2053 6c65 6570 2066 6f72 t. Sleep for\n+0003a8b0: 2043 4f55 4e54 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2e20 COUNT seconds. \n+0003a8c0: 2049 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d If option ...--\n+0003a8d0: 696e 7465 7272 7570 7469 626c 65e2 8099 interruptible...\n+0003a8e0: 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 0a20 2020 2020 is given,. \n+0003a8f0: 616c 6c6f 7720 7072 6573 7369 6e67 203c allow pressing <\n+0003a900: 4553 433e 2c20 3c46 343e 206f 7220 686f ESC>, or ho\n+0003a910: 6c64 696e 6720 646f 776e 203c 5348 4946 lding down to interrupt.\n+0003a930: 2020 2020 2073 6c65 6570 2e20 2057 6974 sleep. Wit\n+0003a940: 6820 e280 982d 2d76 6572 626f 7365 e280 h ...--verbose..\n+0003a950: 9920 7368 6f77 2063 6f75 6e74 646f 776e . show countdown\n+0003a960: 206f 6620 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 7365 of remaining se\n+0003a970: 636f 6e64 732e 2020 4578 6974 0a20 2020 conds. Exit. \n+0003a980: 2020 636f 6465 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f code is set to\n+0003a990: 2030 2069 6620 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 6578 0 if timeout ex\n+0003a9a0: 7069 7265 6420 616e 6420 746f 2031 2069 pired and to 1 i\n+0003a9b0: 6620 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 7761 730a 2020 f timeout was. \n+0003a9c0: 2020 2069 6e74 6572 7275 7074 6564 2075 interrupted u\n+0003a9d0: 7369 6e67 2061 6e79 206f 6620 7468 6520 sing any of the \n+0003a9e0: 6d65 6e74 696f 6e65 6420 6b65 7973 2e0a mentioned keys..\n+0003a9f0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0003aa00: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6d62 696f fo, Node: smbio\n+0003aa10: 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 736f 7572 6365 s, Next: source\n+0003aa20: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 6c65 6570 2c20 , Prev: sleep, \n+0003aa30: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+0003aa40: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+0003aa50: 2e37 3220 736d 6269 6f73 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d .72 smbios.-----\n+0003aa60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+0003aa70: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 736d 6269 6f73 205b ommand: smbios [\n+0003aa80: 2d2d 7479 7065 2054 5950 455d 205b 2d2d --type TYPE] [--\n+0003aa90: 6861 6e64 6c65 2048 414e 444c 455d 205b handle HANDLE] [\n+0003aaa0: 2d2d 6d61 7463 6820 4d41 5443 485d 0a20 --match MATCH]. \n+0003aab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 2d2d 6765 742d (--get-\n+0003aac0: 6279 7465 207c 202d 2d67 6574 2d77 6f72 byte | --get-wor\n+0003aad0: 6420 7c20 2d2d 6765 742d 6477 6f72 6420 d | --get-dword \n+0003aae0: 7c20 2d2d 6765 742d 7177 6f72 6420 7c0a | --get-qword |.\n+0003aaf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2d2d 6765 742d --get-\n+0003ab00: 7374 7269 6e67 207c 202d 2d67 6574 2d75 string | --get-u\n+0003ab10: 7569 6429 204f 4646 5345 5420 5b2d 2d73 uid) OFFSET [--s\n+0003ab20: 6574 2056 4152 4941 424c 455d 0a20 2020 et VARIABLE]. \n+0003ab30: 2020 5265 7472 6965 7665 2053 4d42 494f Retrieve SMBIO\n+0003ab40: 5320 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a S information...\n+0003ab50: 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 736d 6269 The ...smbi\n+0003ab60: 6f73 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7265 os... command re\n+0003ab70: 7475 726e 7320 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 turns the value \n+0003ab80: 6f66 2061 2066 6965 6c64 2069 6e20 616e of a field in an\n+0003ab90: 2053 4d42 494f 530a 2020 2020 2073 7472 SMBIOS. str\n+0003aba0: 7563 7475 7265 2e20 2054 6865 2066 6f6c ucture. The fol\n+0003abb0: 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2064 lowing options d\n+0003abc0: 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 2077 6869 6368 2073 etermine which s\n+0003abd0: 7472 7563 7475 7265 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 tructure to. \n+0003abe0: 2073 656c 6563 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 select... \n+0003abf0: 2020 e280 a220 5370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 ... Specifying\n+0003ac00: 20e2 8098 2d2d 7479 7065 e280 9920 7769 ...--type... wi\n+0003ac10: 6c6c 2073 656c 6563 7420 7374 7275 6374 ll select struct\n+0003ac20: 7572 6573 2077 6974 6820 6120 6d61 7463 ures with a matc\n+0003ac30: 6869 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 hing. T\n+0003ac40: 5950 452e 2020 5468 6520 7479 7065 2063 YPE. The type c\n+0003ac50: 616e 2062 6520 616e 7920 696e 7465 6765 an be any intege\n+0003ac60: 7220 6672 6f6d 2030 2074 6f20 3235 352e r from 0 to 255.\n+0003ac70: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2053 7065 . ... Spe\n+0003ac80: 6369 6679 696e 6720 e280 982d 2d68 616e cifying ...--han\n+0003ac90: 646c 65e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 7365 6c65 dle... will sele\n+0003aca0: 6374 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 7320 7769 ct structures wi\n+0003acb0: 7468 2061 206d 6174 6368 696e 670a 2020 th a matching. \n+0003acc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4841 4e44 4c45 2e20 HANDLE. \n+0003acd0: 2054 6865 2068 616e 646c 6520 6361 6e20 The handle can \n+0003ace0: 6265 2061 6e79 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2066 be any integer f\n+0003acf0: 726f 6d20 3020 746f 2036 3535 3335 2e0a rom 0 to 65535..\n+0003ad00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 5370 6563 ... Spec\n+0003ad10: 6966 7969 6e67 20e2 8098 2d2d 6d61 7463 ifying ...--matc\n+0003ad20: 68e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 7365 6c65 6374 h... will select\n+0003ad30: 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 206e 756d 6265 structure numbe\n+0003ad40: 7220 4d41 5443 4820 696e 2074 6865 0a20 r MATCH in the. \n+0003ad50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 696c 7465 7265 filtere\n+0003ad60: 6420 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7374 7275 6374 d list of struct\n+0003ad70: 7572 6573 3b20 652e 672e 2020 e280 9873 ures; e.g. ...s\n+0003ad80: 6d62 696f 7320 2d2d 7479 7065 2034 202d mbios --type 4 -\n+0003ad90: 2d6d 6174 6368 2032 e280 990a 2020 2020 -match 2.... \n+0003ada0: 2020 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2073 656c 6563 will selec\n+0003adb0: 7420 7468 6520 7365 636f 6e64 2050 726f t the second Pro\n+0003adc0: 6365 7373 2049 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e cess Information\n+0003add0: 2028 5479 7065 2034 2920 7374 7275 6374 (Type 4) struct\n+0003ade0: 7572 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 ure.. T\n+0003adf0: 6865 206c 6973 7420 6973 2061 6c77 6179 he list is alway\n+0003ae00: 7320 6f72 6465 7265 6420 7468 6520 7361 s ordered the sa\n+0003ae10: 6d65 2061 7320 7468 6520 6861 7264 7761 me as the hardwa\n+0003ae20: 7265 2773 2053 4d42 494f 530a 2020 2020 re's SMBIOS. \n+0003ae30: 2020 2020 2020 7461 626c 652e 2020 5468 table. Th\n+0003ae40: 6520 6d61 7463 6820 6e75 6d62 6572 206d e match number m\n+0003ae50: 7573 7420 6265 2061 2070 6f73 6974 6976 ust be a positiv\n+0003ae60: 6520 696e 7465 6765 722e 2020 4966 0a20 e integer. If. \n+0003ae70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 6e73 7065 6369 unspeci\n+0003ae80: 6669 6564 2c20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 fied, the first \n+0003ae90: 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 2073 7472 7563 7475 matching structu\n+0003aea0: 7265 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 656c 6563 re will be selec\n+0003aeb0: 7465 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2072 ted... The r\n+0003aec0: 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 emaining options\n+0003aed0: 2064 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 2077 6869 6368 determine which\n+0003aee0: 2066 6965 6c64 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7365 field in the se\n+0003aef0: 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f 530a 2020 lected SMBIOS. \n+0003af00: 2020 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 2074 6f20 structure to \n+0003af10: 7265 7475 726e 2e20 204f 6e6c 7920 6f6e return. Only on\n+0003af20: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 7365 206f 7074 696f e of these optio\n+0003af30: 6e73 206d 6179 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 ns may be specif\n+0003af40: 6965 6420 6174 0a20 2020 2020 6120 7469 ied at. a ti\n+0003af50: 6d65 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 me... ...\n+0003af60: 2057 6865 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 e280 982d When given ...-\n+0003af70: 2d67 6574 2d62 7974 65e2 8099 2c20 7265 -get-byte..., re\n+0003af80: 7475 726e 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f turn the value o\n+0003af90: 6620 7468 6520 6279 7465 2061 740a 2020 f the byte at. \n+0003afa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4f46 4653 4554 2062 OFFSET b\n+0003afb0: 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 7365 ytes into the se\n+0003afc0: 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f 5320 7374 lected SMBIOS st\n+0003afd0: 7275 6374 7572 652e 2020 4974 2077 696c ructure. It wil\n+0003afe0: 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 l be. f\n+0003aff0: 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2061 7320 616e 2075 ormatted as an u\n+0003b000: 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 nsigned decimal \n+0003b010: 696e 7465 6765 722e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 integer.. \n+0003b020: 20e2 80a2 2057 6865 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 ... When given \n+0003b030: e280 982d 2d67 6574 2d77 6f72 64e2 8099 ...--get-word...\n+0003b040: 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 6865 2076 616c , return the val\n+0003b050: 7565 206f 6620 7468 6520 776f 7264 2028 ue of the word (\n+0003b060: 7477 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6279 two. by\n+0003b070: 7465 7329 2061 7420 4f46 4653 4554 2062 tes) at OFFSET b\n+0003b080: 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 7365 ytes into the se\n+0003b090: 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f 5320 7374 lected SMBIOS st\n+0003b0a0: 7275 6374 7572 652e 2020 4974 0a20 2020 ructure. It. \n+0003b0b0: 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2066 will be f\n+0003b0c0: 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2061 7320 616e 2075 ormatted as an u\n+0003b0d0: 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 nsigned decimal \n+0003b0e0: 696e 7465 6765 722e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 integer.. \n+0003b0f0: 20e2 80a2 2057 6865 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 ... When given \n+0003b100: e280 982d 2d67 6574 2d64 776f 7264 e280 ...--get-dword..\n+0003b110: 992c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7468 6520 7661 ., return the va\n+0003b120: 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2064 776f 7264 lue of the dword\n+0003b130: 2028 666f 7572 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 (four. \n+0003b140: 2062 7974 6573 2920 6174 204f 4646 5345 bytes) at OFFSE\n+0003b150: 5420 6279 7465 7320 696e 746f 2074 6865 T bytes into the\n+0003b160: 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 534d 4249 4f53 selected SMBIOS\n+0003b170: 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 2e20 2049 740a structure. It.\n+0003b180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 will b\n+0003b190: 6520 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 6173 2061 e formatted as a\n+0003b1a0: 6e20 756e 7369 676e 6564 2064 6563 696d n unsigned decim\n+0003b1b0: 616c 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2e0a 2020 2020 al integer.. \n+0003b1c0: 2020 2020 e280 a220 5768 656e 2067 6976 ... When giv\n+0003b1d0: 656e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6765 742d 7177 6f72 en ...--get-qwor\n+0003b1e0: 64e2 8099 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 6865 d..., return the\n+0003b1f0: 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 6520 7177 value of the qw\n+0003b200: 6f72 6420 2865 6967 6874 0a20 2020 2020 ord (eight. \n+0003b210: 2020 2020 2062 7974 6573 2920 6174 204f bytes) at O\n+0003b220: 4646 5345 5420 6279 7465 7320 696e 746f FFSET bytes into\n+0003b230: 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 534d the selected SM\n+0003b240: 4249 4f53 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 2e20 BIOS structure. \n+0003b250: 2049 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 It. wi\n+0003b260: 6c6c 2062 6520 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 ll be formatted \n+0003b270: 6173 2061 6e20 756e 7369 676e 6564 2064 as an unsigned d\n+0003b280: 6563 696d 616c 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2e0a ecimal integer..\n+0003b290: 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 5768 656e ... When\n+0003b2a0: 2067 6976 656e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6765 742d given ...--get-\n+0003b2b0: 7374 7269 6e67 e280 992c 2072 6574 7572 string..., retur\n+0003b2c0: 6e20 7468 6520 7374 7269 6e67 2077 6974 n the string wit\n+0003b2d0: 6820 6974 7320 696e 6465 780a 2020 2020 h its index. \n+0003b2e0: 2020 2020 2020 666f 756e 6420 6174 204f found at O\n+0003b2f0: 4646 5345 5420 6279 7465 7320 696e 746f FFSET bytes into\n+0003b300: 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 534d the selected SM\n+0003b310: 4249 4f53 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 2e0a BIOS structure..\n+0003b320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 5768 656e ... When\n+0003b330: 2067 6976 656e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6765 742d given ...--get-\n+0003b340: 7575 6964 e280 992c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 uuid..., return \n+0003b350: 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 the value of the\n+0003b360: 2055 5549 4420 2873 6978 7465 656e 0a20 UUID (sixteen. \n+0003b370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 7974 6573 2920 bytes) \n+0003b380: 6174 204f 4646 5345 5420 6279 7465 7320 at OFFSET bytes \n+0003b390: 696e 746f 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 into the selecte\n+0003b3a0: 6420 534d 4249 4f53 2073 7472 7563 7475 d SMBIOS structu\n+0003b3b0: 7265 2e20 2049 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 re. It. \n+0003b3c0: 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 666f 726d 6174 will be format\n+0003b3d0: 7465 6420 6173 206c 6f77 6572 2d63 6173 ted as lower-cas\n+0003b3e0: 6520 6879 7068 656e 6174 6564 2068 6578 e hyphenated hex\n+0003b3f0: 6164 6563 696d 616c 2064 6967 6974 732c adecimal digits,\n+0003b400: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 . with \n+0003b410: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7468 7265 6520 the first three \n+0003b420: 6669 656c 6473 2061 7320 6c69 7474 6c65 fields as little\n+0003b430: 2d65 6e64 6961 6e2c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 -endian, and the\n+0003b440: 2072 6573 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rest. \n+0003b450: 7072 696e 7465 6420 6279 7465 2d62 792d printed byte-by-\n+0003b460: 6279 7465 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 byte... The \n+0003b470: 6465 6661 756c 7420 6163 7469 6f6e 2069 default action i\n+0003b480: 7320 746f 2070 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 s to print the v\n+0003b490: 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 6520 7265 7175 alue of the requ\n+0003b4a0: 6573 7465 6420 6669 656c 6420 746f 0a20 ested field to. \n+0003b4b0: 2020 2020 7468 6520 636f 6e73 6f6c 652c the console,\n+0003b4c0: 2062 7574 2061 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 but a variable \n+0003b4d0: 6e61 6d65 2063 616e 2062 6520 7370 6563 name can be spec\n+0003b4e0: 6966 6965 6420 7769 7468 20e2 8098 2d2d ified with ...--\n+0003b4f0: 7365 74e2 8099 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2073 set... to. s\n+0003b500: 746f 7265 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 2069 tore the value i\n+0003b510: 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 7072 696e 7469 nstead of printi\n+0003b520: 6e67 2069 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2046 6f72 ng it... For\n+0003b530: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 7468 6973 2077 example, this w\n+0003b540: 696c 6c20 7374 6f72 6520 616e 6420 7468 ill store and th\n+0003b550: 656e 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 2073 en display the s\n+0003b560: 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 206d 616e 7566 ystem. manuf\n+0003b570: 6163 7475 7265 7227 7320 6e61 6d65 2e0a acturer's name..\n+0003b580: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6d62 696f . smbio\n+0003b590: 7320 2d2d 7479 7065 2031 202d 2d67 6574 s --type 1 --get\n+0003b5a0: 2d73 7472 696e 6720 3420 2d2d 7365 7420 -string 4 --set \n+0003b5b0: 7379 7374 656d 5f6d 616e 7566 6163 7475 system_manufactu\n+0003b5c0: 7265 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6563 rer. ec\n+0003b5d0: 686f 2024 7379 7374 656d 5f6d 616e 7566 ho $system_manuf\n+0003b5e0: 6163 7475 7265 720a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a acturer....File:\n+0003b5f0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0003b600: 653a 2073 6f75 7263 652c 2020 4e65 7874 e: source, Next\n+0003b610: 3a20 7465 7374 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 : test, Prev: s\n+0003b620: 6d62 696f 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d mbios, Up: Comm\n+0003b630: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+0003b640: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3733 2073 6f75 7263 s..17.4.73 sourc\n+0003b650: 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d e.--------------\n+0003b660: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 .. -- Command: s\n+0003b670: 6f75 7263 6520 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 ource file. \n+0003b680: 5265 6164 2046 494c 4520 6173 2061 2063 Read FILE as a c\n+0003b690: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n+0003b6a0: 652c 2061 7320 6966 2069 7473 2063 6f6e e, as if its con\n+0003b6b0: 7465 6e74 7320 6861 6420 6265 656e 0a20 tents had been. \n+0003b6c0: 2020 2020 696e 636f 7270 6f72 6174 6564 incorporated\n+0003b6d0: 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 696e 746f 2074 directly into t\n+0003b6e0: 6865 2073 6f75 7263 696e 6720 6669 6c65 he sourcing file\n+0003b6f0: 2e20 2055 6e6c 696b 6520 e280 9863 6f6e . Unlike ...con\n+0003b700: 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 figfile.... \n+0003b710: 282a 6e6f 7465 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c (*note configfil\n+0003b720: 653a 3a29 2c20 7468 6973 2065 7865 6375 e::), this execu\n+0003b730: 7465 7320 7468 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 tes the contents\n+0003b740: 206f 6620 4649 4c45 2077 6974 686f 7574 of FILE without\n+0003b750: 0a20 2020 2020 6368 616e 6769 6e67 2063 . changing c\n+0003b760: 6f6e 7465 7874 3a20 616e 7920 656e 7669 ontext: any envi\n+0003b770: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+0003b780: 2063 6861 6e67 6573 206d 6164 6520 6279 changes made by\n+0003b790: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e the. comman\n+0003b7a0: 6473 2069 6e20 4649 4c45 2077 696c 6c20 ds in FILE will \n+0003b7b0: 6265 2070 7265 7365 7276 6564 2061 6674 be preserved aft\n+0003b7c0: 6572 20e2 8098 736f 7572 6365 e280 9920 er ...source... \n+0003b7d0: 7265 7475 726e 732c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 returns, and the\n+0003b7e0: 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 2077 696c 6c20 . menu will \n+0003b7f0: 6e6f 7420 6265 2073 686f 776e 2069 6d6d not be shown imm\n+0003b800: 6564 6961 7465 6c79 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ediately.....Fil\n+0003b810: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0003b820: 6f64 653a 2074 6573 742c 2020 4e65 7874 ode: test, Next\n+0003b830: 3a20 7472 7565 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 : true, Prev: s\n+0003b840: 6f75 7263 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d ource, Up: Comm\n+0003b850: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+0003b860: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3734 2074 6573 740a s..17.4.74 test.\n+0003b870: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+0003b880: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 6573 7420 - Command: test \n+0003b890: 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 expression. \n+0003b8a0: 4576 616c 7561 7465 2045 5850 5245 5353 Evaluate EXPRESS\n+0003b8b0: 494f 4e20 616e 6420 7265 7475 726e 207a ION and return z\n+0003b8c0: 6572 6f20 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 ero exit status \n+0003b8d0: 6966 2072 6573 756c 7420 6973 2074 7275 if result is tru\n+0003b8e0: 652c 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 6e20 7a65 726f e,. non zero\n+0003b8f0: 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f74 6865 7277 6973 status otherwis\n+0003b900: 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2045 5850 5245 5353 e... EXPRESS\n+0003b910: 494f 4e20 6973 206f 6e65 206f 663a 0a0a ION is one of:..\n+0003b920: 2020 2020 2053 5452 494e 4731 20e2 8098 STRING1 ...\n+0003b930: 3d3d e280 9920 5354 5249 4e47 320a 2020 ==... STRING2. \n+0003b940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 7374 7269 the stri\n+0003b950: 6e67 7320 6172 6520 6571 7561 6c0a 2020 ngs are equal. \n+0003b960: 2020 2053 5452 494e 4731 20e2 8098 213d STRING1 ...!=\n+0003b970: e280 9920 5354 5249 4e47 320a 2020 2020 ... STRING2. \n+0003b980: 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 7374 7269 6e67 the string\n+0003b990: 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 6571 7561 6c0a s are not equal.\n+0003b9a0: 2020 2020 2053 5452 494e 4731 20e2 8098 STRING1 ...\n+0003b9b0: 3ce2 8099 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 <... STRING2. \n+0003b9c0: 2020 2020 2020 2053 5452 494e 4731 2069 STRING1 i\n+0003b9d0: 7320 6c65 7869 636f 6772 6170 6869 6361 s lexicographica\n+0003b9e0: 6c6c 7920 6c65 7373 2074 6861 6e20 5354 lly less than ST\n+0003b9f0: 5249 4e47 320a 2020 2020 2053 5452 494e RING2. STRIN\n+0003ba00: 4731 20e2 8098 3c3d e280 9920 5354 5249 G1 ...<=... STRI\n+0003ba10: 4e47 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5354 NG2. ST\n+0003ba20: 5249 4e47 3120 6973 206c 6578 6963 6f67 RING1 is lexicog\n+0003ba30: 7261 7068 6963 616c 6c79 206c 6573 7320 raphically less \n+0003ba40: 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 6861 6e20 5354 or equal than ST\n+0003ba50: 5249 4e47 320a 2020 2020 2053 5452 494e RING2. STRIN\n+0003ba60: 4731 20e2 8098 3ee2 8099 2053 5452 494e G1 ...>... STRIN\n+0003ba70: 4732 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 5452 G2. STR\n+0003ba80: 494e 4731 2069 7320 6c65 7869 636f 6772 ING1 is lexicogr\n+0003ba90: 6170 6869 6361 6c6c 7920 6772 6561 7465 aphically greate\n+0003baa0: 7220 7468 616e 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 r than STRING2. \n+0003bab0: 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 e280 983e STRING1 ...>\n+0003bac0: 3de2 8099 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 =... STRING2. \n+0003bad0: 2020 2020 2020 2053 5452 494e 4731 2069 STRING1 i\n+0003bae0: 7320 6c65 7869 636f 6772 6170 6869 6361 s lexicographica\n+0003baf0: 6c6c 7920 6772 6561 7465 7220 6f72 2065 lly greater or e\n+0003bb00: 7175 616c 2074 6861 6e20 5354 5249 4e47 qual than STRING\n+0003bb10: 320a 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 2. INTEGER1 \n+0003bb20: e280 982d 6571 e280 9920 494e 5445 4745 ...-eq... INTEGE\n+0003bb30: 5232 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 4e54 R2. INT\n+0003bb40: 4547 4552 3120 6973 2065 7175 616c 2074 EGER1 is equal t\n+0003bb50: 6f20 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 o INTEGER2. \n+0003bb60: 494e 5445 4745 5231 20e2 8098 2d67 65e2 INTEGER1 ...-ge.\n+0003bb70: 8099 2049 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 .. INTEGER2. \n+0003bb80: 2020 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 2069 INTEGER1 i\n+0003bb90: 7320 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e 206f s greater than o\n+0003bba0: 7220 6571 7561 6c20 746f 2049 4e54 4547 r equal to INTEG\n+0003bbb0: 4552 320a 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 ER2. INTEGER\n+0003bbc0: 3120 e280 982d 6774 e280 9920 494e 5445 1 ...-gt... INTE\n+0003bbd0: 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 GER2. I\n+0003bbe0: 4e54 4547 4552 3120 6973 2067 7265 6174 NTEGER1 is great\n+0003bbf0: 6572 2074 6861 6e20 494e 5445 4745 5232 er than INTEGER2\n+0003bc00: 0a20 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 20e2 . INTEGER1 .\n+0003bc10: 8098 2d6c 65e2 8099 2049 4e54 4547 4552 ..-le... INTEGER\n+0003bc20: 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 494e 5445 2. INTE\n+0003bc30: 4745 5231 2069 7320 6c65 7373 2074 6861 GER1 is less tha\n+0003bc40: 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 494e n or equal to IN\n+0003bc50: 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 494e 5445 TEGER2. INTE\n+0003bc60: 4745 5231 20e2 8098 2d6c 74e2 8099 2049 GER1 ...-lt... I\n+0003bc70: 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 NTEGER2. \n+0003bc80: 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 2069 7320 6c65 INTEGER1 is le\n+0003bc90: 7373 2074 6861 6e20 494e 5445 4745 5232 ss than INTEGER2\n+0003bca0: 0a20 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 20e2 . INTEGER1 .\n+0003bcb0: 8098 2d6e 65e2 8099 2049 4e54 4547 4552 ..-ne... INTEGER\n+0003bcc0: 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 494e 5445 2. INTE\n+0003bcd0: 4745 5231 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6571 7561 GER1 is not equa\n+0003bce0: 6c20 746f 2049 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 l to INTEGER2. \n+0003bcf0: 2020 2050 5245 4649 5849 4e54 4547 4552 PREFIXINTEGER\n+0003bd00: 3120 e280 982d 7067 74e2 8099 2050 5245 1 ...-pgt... PRE\n+0003bd10: 4649 5849 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 FIXINTEGER2. \n+0003bd20: 2020 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 2069 INTEGER1 i\n+0003bd30: 7320 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e 2049 s greater than I\n+0003bd40: 4e54 4547 4552 3220 6166 7465 7220 7374 NTEGER2 after st\n+0003bd50: 7269 7070 696e 6720 6f66 6620 636f 6d6d ripping off comm\n+0003bd60: 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f6e on. non\n+0003bd70: 2d6e 756d 6572 6963 2050 5245 4649 582e -numeric PREFIX.\n+0003bd80: 0a20 2020 2020 5052 4546 4958 494e 5445 . PREFIXINTE\n+0003bd90: 4745 5231 20e2 8098 2d70 6c74 e280 9920 GER1 ...-plt... \n+0003bda0: 5052 4546 4958 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 PREFIXINTEGER2. \n+0003bdb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 INTEGER\n+0003bdc0: 3120 6973 206c 6573 7320 7468 616e 2049 1 is less than I\n+0003bdd0: 4e54 4547 4552 3220 6166 7465 7220 7374 NTEGER2 after st\n+0003bde0: 7269 7070 696e 6720 6f66 6620 636f 6d6d ripping off comm\n+0003bdf0: 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f6e on. non\n+0003be00: 2d6e 756d 6572 6963 2050 5245 4649 582e -numeric PREFIX.\n+0003be10: 0a20 2020 2020 4649 4c45 3120 e280 982d . FILE1 ...-\n+0003be20: 6e74 e280 9920 4649 4c45 320a 2020 2020 nt... FILE2. \n+0003be30: 2020 2020 2020 4649 4c45 3120 6973 206e FILE1 is n\n+0003be40: 6577 6572 2074 6861 6e20 4649 4c45 3220 ewer than FILE2 \n+0003be50: 286d 6f64 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 7469 (modification ti\n+0003be60: 6d65 292e 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 me). Optionally\n+0003be70: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 756d 6572 . numer\n+0003be80: 6963 2042 4941 5320 6d61 7920 6265 2064 ic BIAS may be d\n+0003be90: 6972 6563 746c 7920 6170 7065 6e64 6564 irectly appended\n+0003bea0: 2074 6f20 e280 982d 6e74 e280 9920 696e to ...-nt... in\n+0003beb0: 2077 6869 6368 2063 6173 650a 2020 2020 which case. \n+0003bec0: 2020 2020 2020 6974 2069 7320 6164 6465 it is adde\n+0003bed0: 6420 746f 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2066 d to the first f\n+0003bee0: 696c 6520 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 7469 6f6e ile modification\n+0003bef0: 2074 696d 652e 0a20 2020 2020 4649 4c45 time.. FILE\n+0003bf00: 3120 e280 982d 6f74 e280 9920 4649 4c45 1 ...-ot... FILE\n+0003bf10: 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4649 4c45 2. FILE\n+0003bf20: 3120 6973 206f 6c64 6572 2074 6861 6e20 1 is older than \n+0003bf30: 4649 4c45 3220 286d 6f64 6966 6963 6174 FILE2 (modificat\n+0003bf40: 696f 6e20 7469 6d65 292e 2020 4f70 7469 ion time). Opti\n+0003bf50: 6f6e 616c 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 onally. \n+0003bf60: 206e 756d 6572 6963 2042 4941 5320 6d61 numeric BIAS ma\n+0003bf70: 7920 6265 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 6170 y be directly ap\n+0003bf80: 7065 6e64 6564 2074 6f20 e280 982d 6f74 pended to ...-ot\n+0003bf90: e280 9920 696e 2077 6869 6368 2063 6173 ... in which cas\n+0003bfa0: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6974 2069 e. it i\n+0003bfb0: 7320 6164 6465 6420 746f 2074 6865 2066 s added to the f\n+0003bfc0: 6972 7374 2066 696c 6520 6d6f 6469 6669 irst file modifi\n+0003bfd0: 6361 7469 6f6e 2074 696d 652e 0a20 2020 cation time.. \n+0003bfe0: 2020 e280 982d 64e2 8099 2046 494c 450a ...-d... FILE.\n+0003bff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4649 4c45 2065 FILE e\n+0003c000: 7869 7374 7320 616e 6420 6973 2061 2064 xists and is a d\n+0003c010: 6972 6563 746f 7279 0a20 2020 2020 e280 irectory. ..\n+0003c020: 982d 65e2 8099 2046 494c 450a 2020 2020 .-e... FILE. \n+0003c030: 2020 2020 2020 4649 4c45 2065 7869 7374 FILE exist\n+0003c040: 730a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d66 e280 9920 s. ...-f... \n+0003c050: 4649 4c45 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 FILE. F\n+0003c060: 494c 4520 6578 6973 7473 2061 6e64 2069 ILE exists and i\n+0003c070: 7320 6e6f 7420 6120 6469 7265 6374 6f72 s not a director\n+0003c080: 790a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d73 e280 9920 y. ...-s... \n+0003c090: 4649 4c45 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 FILE. F\n+0003c0a0: 494c 4520 6578 6973 7473 2061 6e64 2068 ILE exists and h\n+0003c0b0: 6173 2061 2073 697a 6520 6772 6561 7465 as a size greate\n+0003c0c0: 7220 7468 616e 207a 6572 6f0a 2020 2020 r than zero. \n+0003c0d0: 20e2 8098 2d6e e280 9920 5354 5249 4e47 ...-n... STRING\n+0003c0e0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c . the l\n+0003c0f0: 656e 6774 6820 6f66 2053 5452 494e 4720 ength of STRING \n+0003c100: 6973 206e 6f6e 7a65 726f 0a20 2020 2020 is nonzero. \n+0003c110: 5354 5249 4e47 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 STRING. \n+0003c120: 2053 5452 494e 4720 6973 2065 7175 6976 STRING is equiv\n+0003c130: 616c 656e 7420 746f 20e2 8098 2d6e 2053 alent to ...-n S\n+0003c140: 5452 494e 47e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 e280 TRING.... ..\n+0003c150: 982d 7ae2 8099 2053 5452 494e 470a 2020 .-z... STRING. \n+0003c160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 6c65 6e67 the leng\n+0003c170: 7468 206f 6620 5354 5249 4e47 2069 7320 th of STRING is \n+0003c180: 7a65 726f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 e280 zero. ...(..\n+0003c190: 9920 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 20e2 8098 . EXPRESSION ...\n+0003c1a0: 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 ).... E\n+0003c1b0: 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e20 6973 2074 7275 XPRESSION is tru\n+0003c1c0: 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 21e2 8099 2045 e. ...!... E\n+0003c1d0: 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e0a 2020 2020 2020 XPRESSION. \n+0003c1e0: 2020 2020 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 2069 EXPRESSION i\n+0003c1f0: 7320 6661 6c73 650a 2020 2020 2045 5850 s false. EXP\n+0003c200: 5245 5353 494f 4e31 20e2 8098 2d61 e280 RESSION1 ...-a..\n+0003c210: 9920 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 320a 2020 . EXPRESSION2. \n+0003c220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 626f 7468 2045 5850 both EXP\n+0003c230: 5245 5353 494f 4e31 2061 6e64 2045 5850 RESSION1 and EXP\n+0003c240: 5245 5353 494f 4e32 2061 7265 2074 7275 RESSION2 are tru\n+0003c250: 650a 2020 2020 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f e. EXPRESSIO\n+0003c260: 4e31 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e32 0a20 N1 EXPRESSION2. \n+0003c270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6f74 6820 4558 both EX\n+0003c280: 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 616e 6420 4558 PRESSION1 and EX\n+0003c290: 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3220 6172 6520 7472 PRESSION2 are tr\n+0003c2a0: 7565 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7379 6e74 6178 ue. This syntax\n+0003c2b0: 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 is not. \n+0003c2c0: 2020 504f 5349 582d 636f 6d70 6c69 616e POSIX-complian\n+0003c2d0: 7420 616e 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2072 6563 t and is not rec\n+0003c2e0: 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2e0a 2020 2020 2045 ommended.. E\n+0003c2f0: 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e31 20e2 8098 2d6f XPRESSION1 ...-o\n+0003c300: e280 9920 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 320a ... EXPRESSION2.\n+0003c310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6569 7468 6572 either\n+0003c320: 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e31 206f 7220 EXPRESSION1 or \n+0003c330: 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3220 6973 2074 EXPRESSION2 is t\n+0003c340: 7275 650a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 rue....File: gru\n+0003c350: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 b.info, Node: t\n+0003c360: 7275 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7472 7573 rue, Next: trus\n+0003c370: 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7465 7374 2c20 t, Prev: test, \n+0003c380: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+0003c390: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+0003c3a0: 2e37 3520 7472 7565 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .75 true.-------\n+0003c3b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+0003c3c0: 6e64 3a20 7472 7565 0a20 2020 2020 446f nd: true. Do\n+0003c3d0: 206e 6f74 6869 6e67 2c20 7375 6363 6573 nothing, succes\n+0003c3e0: 7366 756c 6c79 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 sfully. This is\n+0003c3f0: 206d 6169 6e6c 7920 7573 6566 756c 2069 mainly useful i\n+0003c400: 6e20 636f 6e74 726f 6c0a 2020 2020 2063 n control. c\n+0003c410: 6f6e 7374 7275 6374 7320 7375 6368 2061 onstructs such a\n+0003c420: 7320 e280 9869 66e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 s ...if... and .\n+0003c430: 8098 7768 696c 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 ..while... (*not\n+0003c440: 6520 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 e Shell-like scr\n+0003c450: 6970 7469 6e67 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ipting::).....Fi\n+0003c460: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0003c470: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7472 7573 742c 2020 4e65 Node: trust, Ne\n+0003c480: 7874 3a20 756e 7365 742c 2020 5072 6576 xt: unset, Prev\n+0003c490: 3a20 7472 7565 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d : true, Up: Com\n+0003c4a0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+0003c4b0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3620 7472 7573 ds..17.4.76 trus\n+0003c4c0: 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a t.-------------.\n+0003c4d0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7472 . -- Command: tr\n+0003c4e0: 7573 7420 5b2d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 675d ust [--skip-sig]\n+0003c4f0: 2070 7562 6b65 795f 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 pubkey_file. \n+0003c500: 2020 5265 6164 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 Read public ke\n+0003c510: 7920 6672 6f6d 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4649 y from PUBKEY_FI\n+0003c520: 4c45 2061 6e64 2061 6464 2069 7420 746f LE and add it to\n+0003c530: 2047 5255 4227 7320 696e 7465 726e 616c GRUB's internal\n+0003c540: 206c 6973 740a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7472 list. of tr\n+0003c550: 7573 7465 6420 7075 626c 6963 206b 6579 usted public key\n+0003c560: 732e 2020 5468 6573 6520 6b65 7973 2061 s. These keys a\n+0003c570: 7265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2076 616c 6964 re used to valid\n+0003c580: 6174 6520 6469 6769 7461 6c0a 2020 2020 ate digital. \n+0003c590: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 7320 7768 656e signatures when\n+0003c5a0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+0003c5b0: 6961 626c 6520 e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 iable ...check_s\n+0003c5c0: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2069 7320 ignatures... is \n+0003c5d0: 7365 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9865 set to. ...e\n+0003c5e0: 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 992e 2020 4e6f 7465 nforce.... Note\n+0003c5f0: 2074 6861 7420 6966 20e2 8098 6368 6563 that if ...chec\n+0003c600: 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 k_signatures... \n+0003c610: 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9865 6e66 is set to ...enf\n+0003c620: 6f72 6365 e280 990a 2020 2020 2077 6865 orce.... whe\n+0003c630: 6e20 e280 9874 7275 7374 e280 9920 6578 n ...trust... ex\n+0003c640: 6563 7574 6573 2c20 7468 656e 2050 5542 ecutes, then PUB\n+0003c650: 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 206d 7573 7420 6974 KEY_FILE must it\n+0003c660: 7365 6c66 2062 6520 7072 6f70 6572 6c79 self be properly\n+0003c670: 0a20 2020 2020 7369 676e 6564 2e20 2054 . signed. T\n+0003c680: 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 he ...--skip-sig\n+0003c690: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2063 616e 2062 ... option can b\n+0003c6a0: 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6469 7361 626c e used to disabl\n+0003c6b0: 650a 2020 2020 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 e. signature\n+0003c6c0: 2d63 6865 636b 696e 6720 7768 656e 2072 -checking when r\n+0003c6d0: 6561 6469 6e67 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4649 eading PUBKEY_FI\n+0003c6e0: 4c45 2069 7473 656c 662e 2020 4974 2069 LE itself. It i\n+0003c6f0: 7320 6578 7065 6374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 s expected. \n+0003c700: 7468 6174 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 that ...--skip-s\n+0003c710: 6967 e280 9920 6973 2075 7365 6675 6c20 ig... is useful \n+0003c720: 666f 7220 7465 7374 696e 6720 616e 6420 for testing and \n+0003c730: 6d61 6e75 616c 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2e20 manual booting. \n+0003c740: 202a 4e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 5573 696e *Note. Usin\n+0003c750: 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 g digital signat\n+0003c760: 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 ures::, for more\n+0003c770: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f information....\n+0003c780: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0003c790: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2075 6e73 6574 2c20 , Node: unset, \n+0003c7a0: 204e 6578 743a 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 Next: verify_de\n+0003c7b0: 7461 6368 6564 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 tached, Prev: t\n+0003c7c0: 7275 7374 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 rust, Up: Comma\n+0003c7d0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+0003c7e0: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3720 756e 7365 740a ..17.4.77 unset.\n+0003c7f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+0003c800: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 756e 7365 -- Command: unse\n+0003c810: 7420 656e 7676 6172 0a20 2020 2020 556e t envvar. Un\n+0003c820: 7365 7420 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d set the environm\n+0003c830: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2045 4e56 ent variable ENV\n+0003c840: 5641 522e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 VAR.....File: gr\n+0003c850: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0003c860: 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 642c verify_detached,\n+0003c870: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 Next: videoinf\n+0003c880: 6f2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 756e 7365 742c o, Prev: unset,\n+0003c890: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+0003c8a0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+0003c8b0: 342e 3738 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 4.78 verify_deta\n+0003c8c0: 6368 6564 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ched.-----------\n+0003c8d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+0003c8e0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2076 6572 6966 - Command: verif\n+0003c8f0: 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 205b 2d2d 736b y_detached [--sk\n+0003c900: 6970 2d73 6967 5d20 6669 6c65 2073 6967 ip-sig] file sig\n+0003c910: 6e61 7475 7265 5f66 696c 650a 2020 2020 nature_file. \n+0003c920: 2020 2020 2020 5b70 7562 6b65 795f 6669 [pubkey_fi\n+0003c930: 6c65 5d0a 2020 2020 2056 6572 6966 6965 le]. Verifie\n+0003c940: 7320 6120 4750 472d 7374 796c 6520 6465 s a GPG-style de\n+0003c950: 7461 6368 6564 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 tached signature\n+0003c960: 2c20 7768 6572 6520 7468 6520 7369 676e , where the sign\n+0003c970: 6564 2066 696c 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 ed file is. \n+0003c980: 4649 4c45 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 7369 FILE, and the si\n+0003c990: 676e 6174 7572 6520 6974 7365 6c66 2069 gnature itself i\n+0003c9a0: 7320 696e 2066 696c 6520 5349 474e 4154 s in file SIGNAT\n+0003c9b0: 5552 455f 4649 4c45 2e0a 2020 2020 204f URE_FILE.. O\n+0003c9c0: 7074 696f 6e61 6c6c 792c 2061 2073 7065 ptionally, a spe\n+0003c9d0: 6369 6669 6320 7075 626c 6963 206b 6579 cific public key\n+0003c9e0: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2073 to use can be s\n+0003c9f0: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2075 7369 6e67 0a20 pecified using. \n+0003ca00: 2020 2020 5055 424b 4559 5f46 494c 452e PUBKEY_FILE.\n+0003ca10: 2020 5768 656e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 When environme\n+0003ca20: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 9863 nt variable ...c\n+0003ca30: 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 heck_signatures.\n+0003ca40: 8099 2069 7320 7365 740a 2020 2020 2074 .. is set. t\n+0003ca50: 6f20 e280 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 992c o ...enforce...,\n+0003ca60: 2074 6865 6e20 5055 424b 4559 5f46 494c then PUBKEY_FIL\n+0003ca70: 4520 6d75 7374 2069 7473 656c 6620 6265 E must itself be\n+0003ca80: 2070 726f 7065 726c 7920 7369 676e 6564 properly signed\n+0003ca90: 2062 7920 616e 0a20 2020 2020 616c 7265 by an. alre\n+0003caa0: 6164 792d 7472 7573 7465 6420 6b65 792e ady-trusted key.\n+0003cab0: 2020 416e 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 5055 An unsigned PU\n+0003cac0: 424b 4559 5f46 494c 4520 6361 6e20 6265 BKEY_FILE can be\n+0003cad0: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 loaded by. \n+0003cae0: 7370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 20e2 8098 2d2d specifying ...--\n+0003caf0: 736b 6970 2d73 6967 e280 992e 2020 4966 skip-sig.... If\n+0003cb00: 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 2069 7320 PUBKEY_FILE is \n+0003cb10: 6f6d 6974 7465 642c 2074 6865 6e20 7075 omitted, then pu\n+0003cb20: 626c 6963 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 7973 2066 blic. keys f\n+0003cb30: 726f 6d20 4752 5542 2773 2074 7275 7374 rom GRUB's trust\n+0003cb40: 6564 206b 6579 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 206c ed keys (*note l\n+0003cb50: 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 643a 3a2c 202a ist_trusted::, *\n+0003cb60: 6e6f 7465 2074 7275 7374 3a3a 2c0a 2020 note trust::,. \n+0003cb70: 2020 2061 6e64 202a 6e6f 7465 2064 6973 and *note dis\n+0003cb80: 7472 7573 743a 3a29 2061 7265 2074 7269 trust::) are tri\n+0003cb90: 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4578 6974 2063 ed... Exit c\n+0003cba0: 6f64 6520 e280 9824 3fe2 8099 2069 7320 ode ...$?... is \n+0003cbb0: 7365 7420 746f 2030 2069 6620 7468 6520 set to 0 if the \n+0003cbc0: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 7661 6c69 6461 signature valida\n+0003cbd0: 7465 7320 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 tes successfully\n+0003cbe0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7661 6c69 6461 .. If valida\n+0003cbf0: 7469 6f6e 2066 6169 6c73 2c20 6974 2069 tion fails, it i\n+0003cc00: 7320 7365 7420 746f 2061 206e 6f6e 2d7a s set to a non-z\n+0003cc10: 6572 6f20 7661 6c75 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 ero value. *Not\n+0003cc20: 6520 5573 696e 670a 2020 2020 2064 6967 e Using. dig\n+0003cc30: 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a ital signatures:\n+0003cc40: 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f :, for more info\n+0003cc50: 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 rmation.....File\n+0003cc60: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0003cc70: 6465 3a20 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f2c 2020 de: videoinfo, \n+0003cc80: 4e65 7874 3a20 7772 6d73 722c 2020 5072 Next: wrmsr, Pr\n+0003cc90: 6576 3a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 ev: verify_detac\n+0003cca0: 6865 642c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e hed, Up: Comman\n+0003ccb0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n+0003ccc0: 0a31 372e 342e 3739 2076 6964 656f 696e .17.4.79 videoin\n+0003ccd0: 666f 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d fo.-------------\n+0003cce0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+0003ccf0: 643a 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f 205b 5b57 d: videoinfo [[W\n+0003cd00: 7848 5d78 445d 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 xH]xD]. List\n+0003cd10: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2076 6964 656f available video\n+0003cd20: 206d 6f64 6573 2e20 2049 6620 7265 736f modes. If reso\n+0003cd30: 6c75 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c lution is given,\n+0003cd40: 2073 686f 7720 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 show only. \n+0003cd50: 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 206d 6f64 6573 2e0a matching modes..\n+0003cd60: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0003cd70: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2077 726d 7372 fo, Node: wrmsr\n+0003cd80: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2076 6964 656f 696e , Prev: videoin\n+0003cd90: 666f 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 fo, Up: Command\n+0003cda0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+0003cdb0: 3137 2e34 2e38 3020 7772 6d73 720a 2d2d 17.4.80 wrmsr.--\n+0003cdc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+0003cdd0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a3a 2077 726d 7372 Command:: wrmsr\n+0003cde0: 2030 7841 4444 5220 3078 5641 4c55 450a 0xADDR 0xVALUE.\n+0003cdf0: 2020 2020 2057 7269 7465 2061 2030 7856 Write a 0xV\n+0003ce00: 414c 5545 2074 6f20 6120 6d6f 6465 6c2d ALUE to a model-\n+0003ce10: 7370 6563 6966 6963 2072 6567 6973 7465 specific registe\n+0003ce20: 7220 6174 2061 6464 7265 7373 2030 7841 r at address 0xA\n+0003ce30: 4444 522e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 6c65 6173 DDR... Pleas\n+0003ce40: 6520 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 6f6e 2053 e note that on S\n+0003ce50: 4d50 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7772 6974 MP systems, writ\n+0003ce60: 696e 6720 746f 2061 204d 5352 2074 6861 ing to a MSR tha\n+0003ce70: 7420 6861 7320 6120 7363 6f70 650a 2020 t has a scope. \n+0003ce80: 2020 2070 6572 2068 6172 6477 6172 6520 per hardware \n+0003ce90: 7468 7265 6164 2c20 696d 706c 6965 7320 thread, implies \n+0003cea0: 7468 6174 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 2074 that the value t\n+0003ceb0: 6861 7420 6973 2077 7269 7474 656e 206f hat is written o\n+0003cec0: 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 2061 7070 6c69 6573 nly. applies\n+0003ced0: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7061 7274 6963 756c to the particul\n+0003cee0: 6172 2063 7075 2f63 6f72 652f 7468 7265 ar cpu/core/thre\n+0003cef0: 6164 2074 6861 7420 7275 6e73 2074 6865 ad that runs the\n+0003cf00: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 command... \n+0003cf10: 416c 736f 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2073 7065 Also, if you spe\n+0003cf20: 6369 6679 2061 2072 6573 6572 7665 6420 cify a reserved \n+0003cf30: 6f72 2075 6e69 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 or unimplemented\n+0003cf40: 204d 5352 2061 6464 7265 7373 2c20 6974 MSR address, it\n+0003cf50: 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2063 6175 7365 . will cause\n+0003cf60: 2061 2067 656e 6572 616c 2070 726f 7465 a general prote\n+0003cf70: 6374 696f 6e20 6578 6365 7074 696f 6e20 ction exception \n+0003cf80: 2877 6869 6368 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6375 (which is not cu\n+0003cf90: 7272 656e 746c 790a 2020 2020 2062 6569 rrently. bei\n+0003cfa0: 6e67 2068 616e 646c 6564 2920 616e 6420 ng handled) and \n+0003cfb0: 7468 6520 7379 7374 656d 2077 696c 6c20 the system will \n+0003cfc0: 7265 626f 6f74 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f reboot... No\n+0003cfd0: 7465 3a20 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 te: The command \n+0003cfe0: 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 is not allowed w\n+0003cff0: 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2069 7320 hen lockdown is \n+0003d000: 656e 666f 7263 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a enforced (*note.\n+0003d010: 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 Lockdown::)\n+0003d020: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2064 6f6e 6520 . This is done \n+0003d030: 746f 2070 7265 7665 6e74 2073 7562 7665 to prevent subve\n+0003d040: 7274 696e 6720 7661 7269 6f75 7320 7365 rting various se\n+0003d050: 6375 7269 7479 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6368 curity. mech\n+0003d060: 616e 6973 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a anisms.....File:\n+0003d070: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0003d080: 653a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f e: Networking co\n+0003d090: 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2055 mmands, Next: U\n+0003d0a0: 6e64 6f63 756d 656e 7465 6420 636f 6d6d ndocumented comm\n+0003d0b0: 616e 6473 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2043 6f6d ands, Prev: Com\n+0003d0c0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+0003d0d0: 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ds, Up: Command\n+0003d0e0: 730a 0a31 372e 3520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 s..17.5 Networki\n+0003d0f0: 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d ng commands.====\n 0003d100: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0003d110: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 ========..* Menu\n-0003d120: 3a0a 0a2a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 :..* net_add_add\n-0003d130: 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r:: \n-0003d140: 2020 2041 6464 2061 206e 6574 776f 726b Add a network\n-0003d150: 2061 6464 7265 7373 0a2a 206e 6574 5f61 address.* net_a\n-0003d160: 6464 5f64 6e73 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 dd_dns:: \n-0003d170: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 6464 2061 2044 Add a D\n-0003d180: 4e53 2073 6572 7665 720a 2a20 6e65 745f NS server.* net_\n-0003d190: 6164 645f 726f 7574 653a 3a20 2020 2020 add_route:: \n-0003d1a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4164 6420 726f Add ro\n-0003d1b0: 7574 696e 6720 656e 7472 790a 2a20 6e65 uting entry.* ne\n-0003d1c0: 745f 626f 6f74 703a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 t_bootp:: \n-0003d1d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5065 7266 Perf\n-0003d1e0: 6f72 6d20 6120 626f 6f74 702f 4448 4350 orm a bootp/DHCP\n-0003d1f0: 2061 7574 6f63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 autoconfigurati\n-0003d200: 6f6e 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 on.* net_del_add\n-0003d210: 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r:: \n-0003d220: 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 4950 2061 6464 Remove IP add\n-0003d230: 7265 7373 2066 726f 6d20 696e 7465 7266 ress from interf\n-0003d240: 6163 650a 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e ace.* net_del_dn\n-0003d250: 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s:: \n-0003d260: 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2061 2044 4e53 Remove a DNS\n-0003d270: 2073 6572 7665 720a 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 server.* net_de\n-0003d280: 6c5f 726f 7574 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 l_route:: \n-0003d290: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2061 Remove a\n-0003d2a0: 2072 6f75 7465 2065 6e74 7279 0a2a 206e route entry.* n\n-0003d2b0: 6574 5f64 6863 703a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 et_dhcp:: \n-0003d2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 6572 Per\n-0003d2d0: 666f 726d 2061 2044 4843 5020 6175 746f form a DHCP auto\n-0003d2e0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 configuration.* \n-0003d2f0: 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 net_get_dhcp_opt\n-0003d300: 696f 6e3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 ion:: Re\n-0003d310: 7472 6965 7665 2044 4843 5020 6f70 7469 trieve DHCP opti\n-0003d320: 6f6e 730a 2a20 6e65 745f 6970 7636 5f61 ons.* net_ipv6_a\n-0003d330: 7574 6f63 6f6e 663a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 utoconf:: \n-0003d340: 2020 2020 5065 7266 6f72 6d20 4950 7636 Perform IPv6\n-0003d350: 2061 7574 6f63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 autoconfigurati\n-0003d360: 6f6e 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 on.* net_ls_addr\n-0003d370: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-0003d380: 2020 204c 6973 7420 696e 7465 7266 6163 List interfac\n-0003d390: 6573 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 es.* net_ls_card\n-0003d3a0: 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s:: \n-0003d3b0: 2020 204c 6973 7420 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 List network \n-0003d3c0: 6361 7264 730a 2a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 cards.* net_ls_d\n-0003d3d0: 6e73 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ns:: \n-0003d3e0: 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2044 4e53 2073 List DNS s\n-0003d3f0: 6572 7665 7273 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f ervers.* net_ls_\n-0003d400: 726f 7574 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 routes:: \n-0003d410: 2020 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 726f 7574 List rout\n-0003d420: 696e 6720 656e 7472 6965 730a 2a20 6e65 ing entries.* ne\n-0003d430: 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 3a3a 2020 2020 t_nslookup:: \n-0003d440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5065 7266 Perf\n-0003d450: 6f72 6d20 6120 444e 5320 6c6f 6f6b 7570 orm a DNS lookup\n-0003d460: 0a2a 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6e3a .* net_set_vlan:\n-0003d470: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0003d480: 2053 6574 2076 6c61 6e20 6964 206f 6e20 Set vlan id on \n-0003d490: 616e 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a0a 1f0a an interface....\n-0003d4a0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0003d4b0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f Node: net_add_\n-0003d4c0: 6164 6472 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 addr, Next: net\n-0003d4d0: 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 2c20 2055 703a 204e _add_dns, Up: N\n-0003d4e0: 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e etworking comman\n-0003d4f0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 206e 6574 5f61 ds..17.5.1 net_a\n-0003d500: 6464 5f61 6464 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d dd_addr.--------\n-0003d510: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-0003d520: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 Command: net_ad\n-0003d530: 645f 6164 6472 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 d_addr INTERFACE\n-0003d540: 2043 4152 4420 4144 4452 4553 530a 2020 CARD ADDRESS. \n-0003d550: 2020 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 2061 6464 Configure add\n-0003d560: 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 itional network \n-0003d570: 494e 5445 5246 4143 4520 7769 7468 2041 INTERFACE with A\n-0003d580: 4444 5245 5353 206f 6e20 6120 6e65 7477 DDRESS on a netw\n-0003d590: 6f72 6b0a 2020 2020 2043 4152 442e 2020 ork. CARD. \n-0003d5a0: 4144 4452 4553 5320 6361 6e20 6265 2065 ADDRESS can be e\n-0003d5b0: 6974 6865 7220 4950 2069 6e20 646f 7474 ither IP in dott\n-0003d5c0: 6564 2064 6563 696d 616c 206e 6f74 6174 ed decimal notat\n-0003d5d0: 696f 6e2c 206f 720a 2020 2020 2073 796d ion, or. sym\n-0003d5e0: 626f 6c69 6320 6e61 6d65 2077 6869 6368 bolic name which\n-0003d5f0: 2069 7320 7265 736f 6c76 6564 2075 7369 is resolved usi\n-0003d600: 6e67 2044 4e53 206c 6f6f 6b75 702e 2020 ng DNS lookup. \n-0003d610: 4966 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c2c 0a20 If successful,. \n-0003d620: 2020 2020 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 this command\n-0003d630: 2061 6c73 6f20 6164 6473 206c 6f63 616c also adds local\n-0003d640: 206c 696e 6b20 726f 7574 696e 6720 656e link routing en\n-0003d650: 7472 7920 746f 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 try to the defau\n-0003d660: 6c74 0a20 2020 2020 7375 626e 6574 206f lt. subnet o\n-0003d670: 6620 4144 4452 4553 5320 7769 7468 206e f ADDRESS with n\n-0003d680: 616d 6520 494e 5445 5246 4143 45e2 8098 ame INTERFACE...\n-0003d690: 3a6c 6f63 616c e280 9920 7669 6120 494e :local... via IN\n-0003d6a0: 5445 5246 4143 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 TERFACE.....File\n-0003d6b0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0003d6c0: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e 732c de: net_add_dns,\n-0003d6d0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f Next: net_add_\n-0003d6e0: 726f 7574 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 route, Prev: ne\n-0003d6f0: 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 2c20 2055 703a t_add_addr, Up:\n-0003d700: 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d Networking comm\n-0003d710: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e32 206e 6574 ands..17.5.2 net\n-0003d720: 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _add_dns.-------\n-0003d730: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-0003d740: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 Command: net_ad\n-0003d750: 645f 646e 7320 5345 5256 4552 0a20 2020 d_dns SERVER. \n-0003d760: 2020 5265 736f 6c76 6520 5345 5256 4552 Resolve SERVER\n-0003d770: 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 7320 616e 6420 IP address and \n-0003d780: 6164 6420 746f 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 add to the list \n-0003d790: 6f66 2044 4e53 2073 6572 7665 7273 2075 of DNS servers u\n-0003d7a0: 7365 640a 2020 2020 2064 7572 696e 6720 sed. during \n-0003d7b0: 6e61 6d65 206c 6f6f 6b75 702e 0a0a 1f0a name lookup.....\n-0003d7c0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0003d7d0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f Node: net_add_\n-0003d7e0: 726f 7574 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 route, Next: ne\n-0003d7f0: 745f 626f 6f74 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 t_bootp, Prev: \n-0003d800: 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e 732c 2020 5570 net_add_dns, Up\n-0003d810: 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d : Networking com\n-0003d820: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3320 6e65 mands..17.5.3 ne\n-0003d830: 745f 6164 645f 726f 7574 650a 2d2d 2d2d t_add_route.----\n-0003d840: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003d850: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e .. -- Command: n\n-0003d860: 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 2053 484f et_add_route SHO\n-0003d870: 5254 4e41 4d45 2049 505b 2f50 5245 4649 RTNAME IP[/PREFI\n-0003d880: 585d 205b 494e 5445 5246 4143 4520 7c20 X] [INTERFACE | \n-0003d890: 6777 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 4154 gw. GAT\n-0003d8a0: 4557 4159 5d0a 2020 2020 2041 6464 2072 EWAY]. Add r\n-0003d8b0: 6f75 7465 2074 6f20 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 oute to network \n-0003d8c0: 7769 7468 2061 6464 7265 7373 2049 5020 with address IP \n-0003d8d0: 6173 206d 6f64 6966 6965 6420 6279 2050 as modified by P\n-0003d8e0: 5245 4649 5820 7669 610a 2020 2020 2065 REFIX via. e\n-0003d8f0: 6974 6865 7220 6c6f 6361 6c20 494e 5445 ither local INTE\n-0003d900: 5246 4143 4520 6f72 2047 4154 4557 4159 RFACE or GATEWAY\n-0003d910: 2e20 2050 5245 4649 5820 6973 206f 7074 . PREFIX is opt\n-0003d920: 696f 6e61 6c20 616e 6420 6465 6661 756c ional and defaul\n-0003d930: 7473 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2033 3220 666f ts. to 32 fo\n-0003d940: 7220 4950 7634 2061 6464 7265 7373 2061 r IPv4 address a\n-0003d950: 6e64 2031 3238 2066 6f72 2049 5076 3620 nd 128 for IPv6 \n-0003d960: 6164 6472 6573 732e 2020 526f 7574 6520 address. Route \n-0003d970: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6964 656e 7469 6669 is. identifi\n-0003d980: 6564 2062 7920 5348 4f52 544e 414d 4520 ed by SHORTNAME \n-0003d990: 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 which can be use\n-0003d9a0: 6420 746f 2072 656d 6f76 6520 6974 2028 d to remove it (\n-0003d9b0: 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f64 *note. net_d\n-0003d9c0: 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a el_route::).....\n-0003d9d0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0003d9e0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 Node: net_boot\n-0003d9f0: 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 p, Next: net_de\n-0003da00: 6c5f 6164 6472 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e l_addr, Prev: n\n-0003da10: 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 2055 et_add_route, U\n-0003da20: 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f p: Networking co\n-0003da30: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e34 206e mmands..17.5.4 n\n-0003da40: 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d et_bootp.-------\n-0003da50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-0003da60: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 ommand: net_boot\n-0003da70: 7020 5b43 4152 445d 0a20 2020 2020 416c p [CARD]. Al\n-0003da80: 6961 7320 666f 7220 6e65 745f 6468 6370 ias for net_dhcp\n-0003da90: 2c20 666f 7220 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c , for compatibil\n-0003daa0: 6974 7920 7769 7468 206f 6c64 6572 2047 ity with older G\n-0003dab0: 7275 6220 7665 7273 696f 6e73 2e0a 2020 rub versions.. \n-0003dac0: 2020 2057 696c 6c20 7065 7266 6f72 6d20 Will perform \n-0003dad0: 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2044 4843 5020 6861 the same DHCP ha\n-0003dae0: 6e64 7368 616b 6520 7769 7468 2070 6f74 ndshake with pot\n-0003daf0: 656e 7469 616c 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b20 ential fallback \n-0003db00: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 424f 4f54 5020 6173 to. BOOTP as\n-0003db10: 2074 6865 206e 6574 5f64 6863 7020 636f the net_dhcp co\n-0003db20: 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206e 6574 mmand (*note net\n-0003db30: 5f64 6863 703a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c _dhcp::).....Fil\n-0003db40: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0003db50: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 ode: net_del_add\n-0003db60: 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 r, Next: net_de\n-0003db70: 6c5f 646e 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 l_dns, Prev: ne\n-0003db80: 745f 626f 6f74 702c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 t_bootp, Up: Ne\n-0003db90: 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 tworking command\n-0003dba0: 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3520 6e65 745f 6465 s..17.5.5 net_de\n-0003dbb0: 6c5f 6164 6472 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d l_addr.---------\n-0003dbc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-0003dbd0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f64 656c Command: net_del\n-0003dbe0: 5f61 6464 7220 494e 5445 5246 4143 450a _addr INTERFACE.\n-0003dbf0: 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 636f 6e66 Remove conf\n-0003dc00: 6967 7572 6564 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 igured INTERFACE\n-0003dc10: 2077 6974 6820 6173 736f 6369 6174 6564 with associated\n-0003dc20: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c address.....Fil\n-0003dc30: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0003dc40: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 ode: net_del_dns\n-0003dc50: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 656c , Next: net_del\n-0003dc60: 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e _route, Prev: n\n-0003dc70: 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 722c 2020 5570 et_del_addr, Up\n-0003dc80: 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d : Networking com\n-0003dc90: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3620 6e65 mands..17.5.6 ne\n-0003dca0: 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t_del_dns.------\n-0003dcb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-0003dcc0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f64 - Command: net_d\n-0003dcd0: 656c 5f64 6e73 2041 4444 5245 5353 0a20 el_dns ADDRESS. \n-0003dce0: 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2041 4444 5245 Remove ADDRE\n-0003dcf0: 5353 2066 726f 6d20 6c69 7374 206f 6620 SS from list of \n-0003dd00: 7365 7276 6572 7320 7573 6564 2064 7572 servers used dur\n-0003dd10: 696e 6720 6e61 6d65 206c 6f6f 6b75 702e ing name lookup.\n-0003dd20: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0003dd30: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n-0003dd40: 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 652c 2020 4e65 7874 del_route, Next\n-0003dd50: 3a20 6e65 745f 6468 6370 2c20 2050 7265 : net_dhcp, Pre\n-0003dd60: 763a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 2c20 v: net_del_dns, \n-0003dd70: 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 Up: Networking \n-0003dd80: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e37 commands..17.5.7\n-0003dd90: 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 0a2d net_del_route.-\n-0003dda0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003ddb0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-0003ddc0: 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 6520 : net_del_route \n-0003ddd0: 5348 4f52 544e 414d 450a 2020 2020 2052 SHORTNAME. R\n-0003dde0: 656d 6f76 6520 726f 7574 6520 656e 7472 emove route entr\n-0003ddf0: 7920 6964 656e 7469 6669 6564 2062 7920 y identified by \n-0003de00: 5348 4f52 544e 414d 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 SHORTNAME.....Fi\n-0003de10: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0003de20: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6468 6370 2c20 Node: net_dhcp, \n-0003de30: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 Next: net_get_d\n-0003de40: 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 hcp_option, Pre\n-0003de50: 763a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 v: net_del_route\n-0003de60: 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e , Up: Networkin\n-0003de70: 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 g commands..17.5\n-0003de80: 2e38 206e 6574 5f64 6863 700a 2d2d 2d2d .8 net_dhcp.----\n-0003de90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-0003dea0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6468 Command: net_dh\n-0003deb0: 6370 205b 4341 5244 5d0a 2020 2020 2050 cp [CARD]. P\n-0003dec0: 6572 666f 726d 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 erform configura\n-0003ded0: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 4341 5244 2075 7369 tion of CARD usi\n-0003dee0: 6e67 2044 4843 5020 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c ng DHCP protocol\n-0003def0: 2e20 2049 6620 6e6f 2063 6172 6420 6e61 . If no card na\n-0003df00: 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2073 7065 6369 me. is speci\n-0003df10: 6669 6564 2c20 7472 7920 746f 2063 6f6e fied, try to con\n-0003df20: 6669 6775 7265 2061 6c6c 2065 7869 7374 figure all exist\n-0003df30: 696e 6720 6361 7264 732e 2020 4661 6c6c ing cards. Fall\n-0003df40: 7320 6261 636b 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2074 s back to. t\n-0003df50: 6865 2042 4f4f 5450 2070 726f 746f 636f he BOOTP protoco\n-0003df60: 6c2c 2069 6620 6e65 6564 6564 2e20 2049 l, if needed. I\n-0003df70: 6620 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 f configuration \n-0003df80: 7761 7320 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c 2c0a was successful,.\n-0003df90: 2020 2020 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2077 interface w\n-0003dfa0: 6974 6820 6e61 6d65 2043 4152 44e2 8098 ith name CARD...\n-0003dfb0: 3a64 6863 70e2 8099 2061 6e64 2063 6f6e :dhcp... and con\n-0003dfc0: 6669 6775 7265 6420 6164 6472 6573 7320 figured address \n-0003dfd0: 6973 2061 6464 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 is added to. \n-0003dfe0: 2043 4152 442e 2020 4164 6469 7469 6f6e CARD. Addition\n-0003dff0: 616c 6c79 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 ally the followi\n-0003e000: 6e67 2044 4843 5020 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 ng DHCP options \n-0003e010: 6172 6520 7265 636f 676e 697a 6564 2061 are recognized a\n-0003e020: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f63 6573 7365 nd. processe\n-0003e030: 643a 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 3120 2853 d:.. ...1 (S\n-0003e040: 7562 6e65 7420 4d61 736b 29e2 8099 0a20 ubnet Mask).... \n-0003e050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2055 7365 6420 746f Used to\n-0003e060: 2063 616c 6375 6c61 7465 206e 6574 776f calculate netwo\n-0003e070: 726b 206c 6f63 616c 2072 6f75 7469 6e67 rk local routing\n-0003e080: 2065 6e74 7279 2066 6f72 2069 6e74 6572 entry for inter\n-0003e090: 6661 6365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 face. C\n-0003e0a0: 4152 44e2 8098 3a64 6863 70e2 8099 2e0a ARD...:dhcp.....\n-0003e0b0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 3320 2852 6f75 7465 ...3 (Route\n-0003e0c0: 7229 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r).... \n-0003e0d0: 4164 6473 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2072 6f75 Adds default rou\n-0003e0e0: 7465 2065 6e74 7279 2077 6974 6820 7468 te entry with th\n-0003e0f0: 6520 6e61 6d65 2043 4152 44e2 8098 3a64 e name CARD...:d\n-0003e100: 6863 703a 6465 6661 756c 74e2 8099 2076 hcp:default... v\n-0003e110: 6961 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 6174 ia. gat\n-0003e120: 6577 6179 2066 726f 6d20 4448 4350 206f eway from DHCP o\n-0003e130: 7074 696f 6e2e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 ption. Note tha\n-0003e140: 7420 6f6e 6c79 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7769 t only option wi\n-0003e150: 7468 2073 696e 676c 650a 2020 2020 2020 th single. \n-0003e160: 2020 2020 726f 7574 6520 6973 2061 6363 route is acc\n-0003e170: 6570 7465 642e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9836 epted.. ...6\n-0003e180: 2028 446f 6d61 696e 204e 616d 6520 5365 (Domain Name Se\n-0003e190: 7276 6572 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 rver).... \n-0003e1a0: 2020 2041 6464 7320 616c 6c20 7365 7276 Adds all serv\n-0003e1b0: 6572 7320 6672 6f6d 206f 7074 696f 6e20 ers from option \n-0003e1c0: 7661 6c75 6520 746f 2074 6865 206c 6973 value to the lis\n-0003e1d0: 7420 6f66 2073 6572 7665 7273 2075 7365 t of servers use\n-0003e1e0: 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6475 7269 d. duri\n-0003e1f0: 6e67 206e 616d 6520 7265 736f 6c75 7469 ng name resoluti\n-0003e200: 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 3132 2028 on.. ...12 (\n-0003e210: 486f 7374 204e 616d 6529 e280 990a 2020 Host Name).... \n-0003e220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7473 2065 6e76 Sets env\n-0003e230: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-0003e240: 6520 e280 986e 6574 5fe2 8099 3c43 4152 e ...net_......_dhcp_hostn\n-0003e260: 616d 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 ame... (*note. \n-0003e270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 net__hostname\n-0003e290: 3a3a 2920 746f 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 ::) to the value\n-0003e2a0: 206f 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 of option.. \n-0003e2b0: 20e2 8098 3135 2028 446f 6d61 696e 204e ...15 (Domain N\n-0003e2c0: 616d 6529 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ame).... \n-0003e2d0: 2020 5365 7473 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 Sets environme\n-0003e2e0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 986e nt variable ...n\n-0003e2f0: 6574 5fe2 8099 3c43 4152 443e e280 985f et_......_\n-0003e300: 6468 6370 5f64 6f6d 6169 6ee2 8099 2028 dhcp_domain... (\n-0003e310: 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 *note. \n-0003e320: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-0003e330: 646f 6d61 696e 3a3a 2920 746f 2074 6865 domain::) to the\n-0003e340: 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e value of option\n-0003e350: 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 3137 2028 526f .. ...17 (Ro\n-0003e360: 6f74 2050 6174 6829 e280 990a 2020 2020 ot Path).... \n-0003e370: 2020 2020 2020 5365 7473 2065 6e76 6972 Sets envir\n-0003e380: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 onment variable \n-0003e390: e280 986e 6574 5fe2 8099 3c43 4152 443e ...net_...\n-0003e3a0: e280 985f 6468 6370 5f72 6f6f 7470 6174 ..._dhcp_rootpat\n-0003e3b0: 68e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 h... (*note. \n-0003e3c0: 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 net__rootpath::\n-0003e3e0: 2920 746f 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f ) to the value o\n-0003e3f0: 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 f option.. .\n-0003e400: 8098 3138 2028 4578 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 ..18 (Extensions\n-0003e410: 2050 6174 6829 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 Path).... \n-0003e420: 2020 2020 5365 7473 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Sets environ\n-0003e430: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 ment variable ..\n-0003e440: 986e 6574 5fe2 8099 3c43 4152 443e e280 .net_.....\n-0003e450: 985f 6468 6370 5f65 7874 656e 7369 6f6e ._dhcp_extension\n-0003e460: 7370 6174 68e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 spath.... \n-0003e470: 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e65 745f 3c49 (*note net__extens\n-0003e490: 696f 6e73 7061 7468 3a3a 2920 746f 2074 ionspath::) to t\n-0003e4a0: 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 660a 2020 2020 he value of. \n-0003e4b0: 2020 2020 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 option.. \n-0003e4c0: 2020 20e2 8098 3636 2028 5446 5450 2053 ...66 (TFTP S\n-0003e4d0: 6572 7665 7220 4e61 6d65 29e2 8099 0a20 erver Name).... \n-0003e4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 7320 656e Sets en\n-0003e4f0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-0003e500: 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 745f e280 993c 4341 le ...net_......_dhcp_serv\n-0003e520: 6572 5f6e 616d 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 er_name.... \n-0003e530: 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e65 745f (*note net_\n-0003e540: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6468 6370 _dhcp\n-0003e550: 5f73 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 3a3a 2920 _server_name::) \n-0003e560: 746f 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 660a to the value of.\n-0003e570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e option\n-0003e580: 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 3637 2028 4669 .. ...67 (Fi\n-0003e590: 6c65 6e61 6d65 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 lename).... \n-0003e5a0: 2020 2020 2053 6574 7320 656e 7669 726f Sets enviro\n-0003e5b0: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 nment variable .\n-0003e5c0: 8098 6e65 745f e280 993c 4341 5244 3ee2 ..net_....\n-0003e5d0: 8098 5f62 6f6f 745f 6669 6c65 e280 9920 .._boot_file... \n-0003e5e0: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 (*note. \n-0003e5f0: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n-0003e600: 5f62 6f6f 745f 6669 6c65 3a3a 2920 746f _boot_file::) to\n-0003e610: 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6f70 the value of op\n-0003e620: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tion.....File: g\n-0003e630: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0003e640: 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 net_get_dhcp_op\n-0003e650: 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 tion, Next: net\n-0003e660: 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 2c20 _ipv6_autoconf, \n-0003e670: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 6863 702c Prev: net_dhcp,\n-0003e680: 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 Up: Networking\n-0003e690: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e commands..17.5.\n-0003e6a0: 3920 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 9 net_get_dhcp_o\n-0003e6b0: 7074 696f 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ption.----------\n-0003e6c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003e6d0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e .. -- Command: n\n-0003e6e0: 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 et_get_dhcp_opti\n-0003e6f0: 6f6e 2056 4152 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 on VAR INTERFACE\n-0003e700: 204e 554d 4245 5220 5459 5045 0a20 2020 NUMBER TYPE. \n-0003e710: 2020 5265 7175 6573 7420 4448 4350 206f Request DHCP o\n-0003e720: 7074 696f 6e20 4e55 4d42 4552 206f 6620 ption NUMBER of \n-0003e730: 5459 5045 2076 6961 2049 4e54 4552 4641 TYPE via INTERFA\n-0003e740: 4345 2e20 2054 5950 4520 6361 6e20 6265 CE. TYPE can be\n-0003e750: 206f 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 20e2 8098 one. of ...\n-0003e760: 7374 7269 6e67 e280 992c 20e2 8098 6e75 string..., ...nu\n-0003e770: 6d62 6572 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 6865 mber... or ...he\n-0003e780: 78e2 8099 2e20 2049 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e x.... If option\n-0003e790: 2069 7320 666f 756e 642c 2061 7373 6967 is found, assig\n-0003e7a0: 6e20 6974 730a 2020 2020 2076 616c 7565 n its. value\n-0003e7b0: 2074 6f20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2056 4152 to variable VAR\n-0003e7c0: 2e20 2056 616c 7565 7320 6f66 2074 7970 . Values of typ\n-0003e7d0: 6573 20e2 8098 6e75 6d62 6572 e280 9920 es ...number... \n-0003e7e0: 616e 6420 e280 9868 6578 e280 9920 6172 and ...hex... ar\n-0003e7f0: 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7665 7274 6564 e. converted\n-0003e800: 2074 6f20 7374 7269 6e67 2072 6570 7265 to string repre\n-0003e810: 7365 6e74 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 sentation.....Fi\n-0003e820: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0003e830: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6970 7636 5f61 Node: net_ipv6_a\n-0003e840: 7574 6f63 6f6e 662c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 utoconf, Next: \n-0003e850: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 722c 2020 5072 net_ls_addr, Pr\n-0003e860: 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 ev: net_get_dhcp\n-0003e870: 5f6f 7074 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 _option, Up: Ne\n-0003e880: 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 tworking command\n-0003e890: 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3130 206e 6574 5f69 s..17.5.10 net_i\n-0003e8a0: 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 0a2d 2d2d pv6_autoconf.---\n+0003d110: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a ====..* Menu:..*\n+0003d120: 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 723a 3a20 net_add_addr:: \n+0003d130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 A\n+0003d140: 6464 2061 206e 6574 776f 726b 2061 6464 dd a network add\n+0003d150: 7265 7373 0a2a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 ress.* net_add_d\n+0003d160: 6e73 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ns:: \n+0003d170: 2020 2020 2041 6464 2061 2044 4e53 2073 Add a DNS s\n+0003d180: 6572 7665 720a 2a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f erver.* net_add_\n+0003d190: 726f 7574 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 route:: \n+0003d1a0: 2020 2020 2020 4164 6420 726f 7574 696e Add routin\n+0003d1b0: 6720 656e 7472 790a 2a20 6e65 745f 626f g entry.* net_bo\n+0003d1c0: 6f74 703a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 otp:: \n+0003d1d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5065 7266 6f72 6d20 Perform \n+0003d1e0: 6120 626f 6f74 702f 4448 4350 2061 7574 a bootp/DHCP aut\n+0003d1f0: 6f63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a2a oconfiguration.*\n+0003d200: 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 723a 3a20 net_del_addr:: \n+0003d210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 R\n+0003d220: 656d 6f76 6520 4950 2061 6464 7265 7373 emove IP address\n+0003d230: 2066 726f 6d20 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a from interface.\n+0003d240: 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 733a 3a20 * net_del_dns:: \n+0003d250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0003d260: 5265 6d6f 7665 2061 2044 4e53 2073 6572 Remove a DNS ser\n+0003d270: 7665 720a 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f ver.* net_del_ro\n+0003d280: 7574 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ute:: \n+0003d290: 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2061 2072 6f75 Remove a rou\n+0003d2a0: 7465 2065 6e74 7279 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 te entry.* net_d\n+0003d2b0: 6863 703a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 hcp:: \n+0003d2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 6572 666f 726d Perform\n+0003d2d0: 2061 2044 4843 5020 6175 746f 636f 6e66 a DHCP autoconf\n+0003d2e0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6e65 745f iguration.* net_\n+0003d2f0: 6765 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e3a get_dhcp_option:\n+0003d300: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 7472 6965 : Retrie\n+0003d310: 7665 2044 4843 5020 6f70 7469 6f6e 730a ve DHCP options.\n+0003d320: 2a20 6e65 745f 6970 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 * net_ipv6_autoc\n+0003d330: 6f6e 663a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 onf:: \n+0003d340: 5065 7266 6f72 6d20 4950 7636 2061 7574 Perform IPv6 aut\n+0003d350: 6f63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a2a oconfiguration.*\n+0003d360: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 3a3a 2020 net_ls_addr:: \n+0003d370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c L\n+0003d380: 6973 7420 696e 7465 7266 6163 6573 0a2a ist interfaces.*\n+0003d390: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 733a 3a20 net_ls_cards:: \n+0003d3a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c L\n+0003d3b0: 6973 7420 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6361 7264 ist network card\n+0003d3c0: 730a 2a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 3a3a s.* net_ls_dns::\n+0003d3d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0003d3e0: 2020 4c69 7374 2044 4e53 2073 6572 7665 List DNS serve\n+0003d3f0: 7273 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 rs.* net_ls_rout\n+0003d400: 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es:: \n+0003d410: 2020 204c 6973 7420 726f 7574 696e 6720 List routing \n+0003d420: 656e 7472 6965 730a 2a20 6e65 745f 6e73 entries.* net_ns\n+0003d430: 6c6f 6f6b 7570 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 lookup:: \n+0003d440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5065 7266 6f72 6d20 Perform \n+0003d450: 6120 444e 5320 6c6f 6f6b 7570 0a2a 206e a DNS lookup.* n\n+0003d460: 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6e3a 3a20 2020 et_set_vlan:: \n+0003d470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 Set\n+0003d480: 2076 6c61 6e20 6964 206f 6e20 616e 2069 vlan id on an i\n+0003d490: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 nterface....File\n+0003d4a0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0003d4b0: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 de: net_add_addr\n+0003d4c0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 , Next: net_add\n+0003d4d0: 5f64 6e73 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f _dns, Up: Netwo\n+0003d4e0: 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a rking commands..\n+0003d4f0: 3137 2e35 2e31 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 17.5.1 net_add_a\n+0003d500: 6464 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ddr.------------\n+0003d510: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0003d520: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 6164 mand: net_add_ad\n+0003d530: 6472 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 2043 4152 dr INTERFACE CAR\n+0003d540: 4420 4144 4452 4553 530a 2020 2020 2043 D ADDRESS. C\n+0003d550: 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 2061 6464 6974 696f onfigure additio\n+0003d560: 6e61 6c20 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 494e 5445 nal network INTE\n+0003d570: 5246 4143 4520 7769 7468 2041 4444 5245 RFACE with ADDRE\n+0003d580: 5353 206f 6e20 6120 6e65 7477 6f72 6b0a SS on a network.\n+0003d590: 2020 2020 2043 4152 442e 2020 4144 4452 CARD. ADDR\n+0003d5a0: 4553 5320 6361 6e20 6265 2065 6974 6865 ESS can be eithe\n+0003d5b0: 7220 4950 2069 6e20 646f 7474 6564 2064 r IP in dotted d\n+0003d5c0: 6563 696d 616c 206e 6f74 6174 696f 6e2c ecimal notation,\n+0003d5d0: 206f 720a 2020 2020 2073 796d 626f 6c69 or. symboli\n+0003d5e0: 6320 6e61 6d65 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 c name which is \n+0003d5f0: 7265 736f 6c76 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2044 resolved using D\n+0003d600: 4e53 206c 6f6f 6b75 702e 2020 4966 2073 NS lookup. If s\n+0003d610: 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c2c 0a20 2020 2020 uccessful,. \n+0003d620: 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2061 6c73 this command als\n+0003d630: 6f20 6164 6473 206c 6f63 616c 206c 696e o adds local lin\n+0003d640: 6b20 726f 7574 696e 6720 656e 7472 7920 k routing entry \n+0003d650: 746f 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 0a20 to the default. \n+0003d660: 2020 2020 7375 626e 6574 206f 6620 4144 subnet of AD\n+0003d670: 4452 4553 5320 7769 7468 206e 616d 6520 DRESS with name \n+0003d680: 494e 5445 5246 4143 45e2 8098 3a6c 6f63 INTERFACE...:loc\n+0003d690: 616c e280 9920 7669 6120 494e 5445 5246 al... via INTERF\n+0003d6a0: 4143 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ACE.....File: gr\n+0003d6b0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0003d6c0: 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e 732c 2020 4e65 net_add_dns, Ne\n+0003d6d0: 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f 7574 xt: net_add_rout\n+0003d6e0: 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 e, Prev: net_ad\n+0003d6f0: 645f 6164 6472 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 d_addr, Up: Net\n+0003d700: 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 working commands\n+0003d710: 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e32 206e 6574 5f61 6464 ..17.5.2 net_add\n+0003d720: 5f64 6e73 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _dns.-----------\n+0003d730: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0003d740: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e mand: net_add_dn\n+0003d750: 7320 5345 5256 4552 0a20 2020 2020 5265 s SERVER. Re\n+0003d760: 736f 6c76 6520 5345 5256 4552 2049 5020 solve SERVER IP \n+0003d770: 6164 6472 6573 7320 616e 6420 6164 6420 address and add \n+0003d780: 746f 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2044 to the list of D\n+0003d790: 4e53 2073 6572 7665 7273 2075 7365 640a NS servers used.\n+0003d7a0: 2020 2020 2064 7572 696e 6720 6e61 6d65 during name\n+0003d7b0: 206c 6f6f 6b75 702e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 lookup.....File\n+0003d7c0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0003d7d0: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f 7574 de: net_add_rout\n+0003d7e0: 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 626f e, Next: net_bo\n+0003d7f0: 6f74 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f otp, Prev: net_\n+0003d800: 6164 645f 646e 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 add_dns, Up: Ne\n+0003d810: 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 tworking command\n+0003d820: 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3320 6e65 745f 6164 s..17.5.3 net_ad\n+0003d830: 645f 726f 7574 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d d_route.--------\n+0003d840: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+0003d850: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f61 - Command: net_a\n+0003d860: 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 2053 484f 5254 4e41 dd_route SHORTNA\n+0003d870: 4d45 2049 505b 2f50 5245 4649 585d 205b ME IP[/PREFIX] [\n+0003d880: 494e 5445 5246 4143 4520 7c20 6777 0a20 INTERFACE | gw. \n+0003d890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 4154 4557 4159 GATEWAY\n+0003d8a0: 5d0a 2020 2020 2041 6464 2072 6f75 7465 ]. Add route\n+0003d8b0: 2074 6f20 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 7769 7468 to network with\n+0003d8c0: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2049 5020 6173 206d address IP as m\n+0003d8d0: 6f64 6966 6965 6420 6279 2050 5245 4649 odified by PREFI\n+0003d8e0: 5820 7669 610a 2020 2020 2065 6974 6865 X via. eithe\n+0003d8f0: 7220 6c6f 6361 6c20 494e 5445 5246 4143 r local INTERFAC\n+0003d900: 4520 6f72 2047 4154 4557 4159 2e20 2050 E or GATEWAY. P\n+0003d910: 5245 4649 5820 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e61 REFIX is optiona\n+0003d920: 6c20 616e 6420 6465 6661 756c 7473 0a20 l and defaults. \n+0003d930: 2020 2020 746f 2033 3220 666f 7220 4950 to 32 for IP\n+0003d940: 7634 2061 6464 7265 7373 2061 6e64 2031 v4 address and 1\n+0003d950: 3238 2066 6f72 2049 5076 3620 6164 6472 28 for IPv6 addr\n+0003d960: 6573 732e 2020 526f 7574 6520 6973 0a20 ess. Route is. \n+0003d970: 2020 2020 6964 656e 7469 6669 6564 2062 identified b\n+0003d980: 7920 5348 4f52 544e 414d 4520 7768 6963 y SHORTNAME whic\n+0003d990: 6820 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f h can be used to\n+0003d9a0: 2072 656d 6f76 6520 6974 2028 2a6e 6f74 remove it (*not\n+0003d9b0: 650a 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 e. net_del_r\n+0003d9c0: 6f75 7465 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 oute::).....File\n+0003d9d0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0003d9e0: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 702c 2020 de: net_bootp, \n+0003d9f0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 Next: net_del_ad\n+0003da00: 6472 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f61 dr, Prev: net_a\n+0003da10: 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 2055 703a 204e dd_route, Up: N\n+0003da20: 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e etworking comman\n+0003da30: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e34 206e 6574 5f62 ds..17.5.4 net_b\n+0003da40: 6f6f 7470 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ootp.-----------\n+0003da50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+0003da60: 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 7020 5b43 nd: net_bootp [C\n+0003da70: 4152 445d 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6961 7320 ARD]. Alias \n+0003da80: 666f 7220 6e65 745f 6468 6370 2c20 666f for net_dhcp, fo\n+0003da90: 7220 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c 6974 7920 r compatibility \n+0003daa0: 7769 7468 206f 6c64 6572 2047 7275 6220 with older Grub \n+0003dab0: 7665 7273 696f 6e73 2e0a 2020 2020 2057 versions.. W\n+0003dac0: 696c 6c20 7065 7266 6f72 6d20 7468 6520 ill perform the \n+0003dad0: 7361 6d65 2044 4843 5020 6861 6e64 7368 same DHCP handsh\n+0003dae0: 616b 6520 7769 7468 2070 6f74 656e 7469 ake with potenti\n+0003daf0: 616c 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b20 746f 0a20 al fallback to. \n+0003db00: 2020 2020 424f 4f54 5020 6173 2074 6865 BOOTP as the\n+0003db10: 206e 6574 5f64 6863 7020 636f 6d6d 616e net_dhcp comman\n+0003db20: 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206e 6574 5f64 6863 d (*note net_dhc\n+0003db30: 703a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 p::).....File: g\n+0003db40: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0003db50: 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 722c 2020 net_del_addr, \n+0003db60: 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e Next: net_del_dn\n+0003db70: 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 626f s, Prev: net_bo\n+0003db80: 6f74 702c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 otp, Up: Networ\n+0003db90: 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 king commands..1\n+0003dba0: 372e 352e 3520 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 7.5.5 net_del_ad\n+0003dbb0: 6472 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d dr.-------------\n+0003dbc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+0003dbd0: 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 and: net_del_add\n+0003dbe0: 7220 494e 5445 5246 4143 450a 2020 2020 r INTERFACE. \n+0003dbf0: 2052 656d 6f76 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 Remove configur\n+0003dc00: 6564 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 2077 6974 ed INTERFACE wit\n+0003dc10: 6820 6173 736f 6369 6174 6564 2061 6464 h associated add\n+0003dc20: 7265 7373 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ress.....File: g\n+0003dc30: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0003dc40: 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 2c20 204e net_del_dns, N\n+0003dc50: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 ext: net_del_rou\n+0003dc60: 7465 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 te, Prev: net_d\n+0003dc70: 656c 5f61 6464 722c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 el_addr, Up: Ne\n+0003dc80: 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 tworking command\n+0003dc90: 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3620 6e65 745f 6465 s..17.5.6 net_de\n+0003dca0: 6c5f 646e 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d l_dns.----------\n+0003dcb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0003dcc0: 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 mmand: net_del_d\n+0003dcd0: 6e73 2041 4444 5245 5353 0a20 2020 2020 ns ADDRESS. \n+0003dce0: 5265 6d6f 7665 2041 4444 5245 5353 2066 Remove ADDRESS f\n+0003dcf0: 726f 6d20 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7365 7276 rom list of serv\n+0003dd00: 6572 7320 7573 6564 2064 7572 696e 6720 ers used during \n+0003dd10: 6e61 6d65 206c 6f6f 6b75 702e 0a0a 1f0a name lookup.....\n+0003dd20: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0003dd30: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f Node: net_del_\n+0003dd40: 726f 7574 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 route, Next: ne\n+0003dd50: 745f 6468 6370 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e t_dhcp, Prev: n\n+0003dd60: 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 2c20 2055 703a et_del_dns, Up:\n+0003dd70: 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d Networking comm\n+0003dd80: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e37 206e 6574 ands..17.5.7 net\n+0003dd90: 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d _del_route.-----\n+0003dda0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+0003ddb0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 . -- Command: ne\n+0003ddc0: 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 6520 5348 4f52 t_del_route SHOR\n+0003ddd0: 544e 414d 450a 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 TNAME. Remov\n+0003dde0: 6520 726f 7574 6520 656e 7472 7920 6964 e route entry id\n+0003ddf0: 656e 7469 6669 6564 2062 7920 5348 4f52 entified by SHOR\n+0003de00: 544e 414d 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 TNAME.....File: \n+0003de10: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0003de20: 3a20 6e65 745f 6468 6370 2c20 204e 6578 : net_dhcp, Nex\n+0003de30: 743a 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f t: net_get_dhcp_\n+0003de40: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e option, Prev: n\n+0003de50: 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 2055 et_del_route, U\n+0003de60: 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f p: Networking co\n+0003de70: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e38 206e mmands..17.5.8 n\n+0003de80: 6574 5f64 6863 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d et_dhcp.--------\n+0003de90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0003dea0: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6468 6370 205b mand: net_dhcp [\n+0003deb0: 4341 5244 5d0a 2020 2020 2050 6572 666f CARD]. Perfo\n+0003dec0: 726d 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e rm configuration\n+0003ded0: 206f 6620 4341 5244 2075 7369 6e67 2044 of CARD using D\n+0003dee0: 4843 5020 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2049 HCP protocol. I\n+0003def0: 6620 6e6f 2063 6172 6420 6e61 6d65 0a20 f no card name. \n+0003df00: 2020 2020 6973 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 is specified\n+0003df10: 2c20 7472 7920 746f 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 , try to configu\n+0003df20: 7265 2061 6c6c 2065 7869 7374 696e 6720 re all existing \n+0003df30: 6361 7264 732e 2020 4661 6c6c 7320 6261 cards. Falls ba\n+0003df40: 636b 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2042 ck to. the B\n+0003df50: 4f4f 5450 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c2c 2069 OOTP protocol, i\n+0003df60: 6620 6e65 6564 6564 2e20 2049 6620 636f f needed. If co\n+0003df70: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 7761 7320 nfiguration was \n+0003df80: 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c 2c0a 2020 2020 successful,. \n+0003df90: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2077 6974 6820 interface with \n+0003dfa0: 6e61 6d65 2043 4152 44e2 8098 3a64 6863 name CARD...:dhc\n+0003dfb0: 70e2 8099 2061 6e64 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 p... and configu\n+0003dfc0: 7265 6420 6164 6472 6573 7320 6973 2061 red address is a\n+0003dfd0: 6464 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2043 4152 dded to. CAR\n+0003dfe0: 442e 2020 4164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 D. Additionally\n+0003dff0: 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2044 the following D\n+0003e000: 4843 5020 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 HCP options are \n+0003e010: 7265 636f 676e 697a 6564 2061 6e64 0a20 recognized and. \n+0003e020: 2020 2020 7072 6f63 6573 7365 643a 0a0a processed:..\n+0003e030: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 3120 2853 7562 6e65 ...1 (Subne\n+0003e040: 7420 4d61 736b 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 t Mask).... \n+0003e050: 2020 2020 2055 7365 6420 746f 2063 616c Used to cal\n+0003e060: 6375 6c61 7465 206e 6574 776f 726b 206c culate network l\n+0003e070: 6f63 616c 2072 6f75 7469 6e67 2065 6e74 ocal routing ent\n+0003e080: 7279 2066 6f72 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 ry for interface\n+0003e090: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 4152 44e2 . CARD.\n+0003e0a0: 8098 3a64 6863 70e2 8099 2e0a 2020 2020 ..:dhcp..... \n+0003e0b0: 20e2 8098 3320 2852 6f75 7465 7229 e280 ...3 (Router)..\n+0003e0c0: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4164 6473 .. Adds\n+0003e0d0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2072 6f75 7465 2065 default route e\n+0003e0e0: 6e74 7279 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6e61 ntry with the na\n+0003e0f0: 6d65 2043 4152 44e2 8098 3a64 6863 703a me CARD...:dhcp:\n+0003e100: 6465 6661 756c 74e2 8099 2076 6961 0a20 default... via. \n+0003e110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 6174 6577 6179 gateway\n+0003e120: 2066 726f 6d20 4448 4350 206f 7074 696f from DHCP optio\n+0003e130: 6e2e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 6f6e n. Note that on\n+0003e140: 6c79 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7769 7468 2073 ly option with s\n+0003e150: 696e 676c 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ingle. \n+0003e160: 726f 7574 6520 6973 2061 6363 6570 7465 route is accepte\n+0003e170: 642e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9836 2028 446f d.. ...6 (Do\n+0003e180: 6d61 696e 204e 616d 6520 5365 7276 6572 main Name Server\n+0003e190: 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 ).... A\n+0003e1a0: 6464 7320 616c 6c20 7365 7276 6572 7320 dds all servers \n+0003e1b0: 6672 6f6d 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7661 6c75 from option valu\n+0003e1c0: 6520 746f 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 e to the list of\n+0003e1d0: 2073 6572 7665 7273 2075 7365 640a 2020 servers used. \n+0003e1e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6475 7269 6e67 206e during n\n+0003e1f0: 616d 6520 7265 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 2e0a ame resolution..\n+0003e200: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 3132 2028 486f 7374 ...12 (Host\n+0003e210: 204e 616d 6529 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 Name).... \n+0003e220: 2020 2020 5365 7473 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Sets environ\n+0003e230: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 ment variable ..\n+0003e240: 986e 6574 5fe2 8099 3c43 4152 443e e280 .net_.....\n+0003e250: 985f 6468 6370 5f68 6f73 746e 616d 65e2 ._dhcp_hostname.\n+0003e260: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2020 .. (*note. \n+0003e270: 2020 2020 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 net__hostname::) \n+0003e290: 746f 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 to the value of \n+0003e2a0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 option.. ...\n+0003e2b0: 3135 2028 446f 6d61 696e 204e 616d 6529 15 (Domain Name)\n+0003e2c0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 .... Se\n+0003e2d0: 7473 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 ts environment v\n+0003e2e0: 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 986e 6574 5fe2 ariable ...net_.\n+0003e2f0: 8099 3c43 4152 443e e280 985f 6468 6370 ....._dhcp\n+0003e300: 5f64 6f6d 6169 6ee2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 _domain... (*not\n+0003e310: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f e. net_\n+0003e320: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 646f 6d61 _doma\n+0003e330: 696e 3a3a 2920 746f 2074 6865 2076 616c in::) to the val\n+0003e340: 7565 206f 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 ue of option.. \n+0003e350: 2020 20e2 8098 3137 2028 526f 6f74 2050 ...17 (Root P\n+0003e360: 6174 6829 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ath).... \n+0003e370: 2020 5365 7473 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 Sets environme\n+0003e380: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 986e nt variable ...n\n+0003e390: 6574 5fe2 8099 3c43 4152 443e e280 985f et_......_\n+0003e3a0: 6468 6370 5f72 6f6f 7470 6174 68e2 8099 dhcp_rootpath...\n+0003e3b0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 (*note. \n+0003e3c0: 2020 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 net__rootpath::) to\n+0003e3e0: 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6f70 the value of op\n+0003e3f0: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 3138 tion.. ...18\n+0003e400: 2028 4578 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 2050 6174 (Extensions Pat\n+0003e410: 6829 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 h).... \n+0003e420: 5365 7473 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 Sets environment\n+0003e430: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 986e 6574 variable ...net\n+0003e440: 5fe2 8099 3c43 4152 443e e280 985f 6468 _......_dh\n+0003e450: 6370 5f65 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 cp_extensionspat\n+0003e460: 68e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 h.... (\n+0003e470: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 *note net__extensions\n+0003e490: 7061 7468 3a3a 2920 746f 2074 6865 2076 path::) to the v\n+0003e4a0: 616c 7565 206f 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 alue of. \n+0003e4b0: 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 option.. .\n+0003e4c0: 8098 3636 2028 5446 5450 2053 6572 7665 ..66 (TFTP Serve\n+0003e4d0: 7220 4e61 6d65 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 r Name).... \n+0003e4e0: 2020 2020 2053 6574 7320 656e 7669 726f Sets enviro\n+0003e4f0: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 nment variable .\n+0003e500: 8098 6e65 745f e280 993c 4341 5244 3ee2 ..net_....\n+0003e510: 8098 5f64 6863 705f 7365 7276 6572 5f6e .._dhcp_server_n\n+0003e520: 616d 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ame.... \n+0003e530: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 (*note net__dhcp_ser\n+0003e550: 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 3a3a 2920 746f 2074 ver_name::) to t\n+0003e560: 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 660a 2020 2020 he value of. \n+0003e570: 2020 2020 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 option.. \n+0003e580: 2020 20e2 8098 3637 2028 4669 6c65 6e61 ...67 (Filena\n+0003e590: 6d65 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 me).... \n+0003e5a0: 2053 6574 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e Sets environmen\n+0003e5b0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 t variable ...ne\n+0003e5c0: 745f e280 993c 4341 5244 3ee2 8098 5f62 t_......_b\n+0003e5d0: 6f6f 745f 6669 6c65 e280 9920 282a 6e6f oot_file... (*no\n+0003e5e0: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 te. net\n+0003e5f0: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f62 6f6f __boo\n+0003e600: 745f 6669 6c65 3a3a 2920 746f 2074 6865 t_file::) to the\n+0003e610: 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e value of option\n+0003e620: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0003e630: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n+0003e640: 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e _get_dhcp_option\n+0003e650: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f69 7076 , Next: net_ipv\n+0003e660: 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 2c20 2050 7265 6_autoconf, Pre\n+0003e670: 763a 206e 6574 5f64 6863 702c 2020 5570 v: net_dhcp, Up\n+0003e680: 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d : Networking com\n+0003e690: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3920 6e65 mands..17.5.9 ne\n+0003e6a0: 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f t_get_dhcp_optio\n+0003e6b0: 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d n.--------------\n+0003e6c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+0003e6d0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f67 - Command: net_g\n+0003e6e0: 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 2056 et_dhcp_option V\n+0003e6f0: 4152 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 204e 554d AR INTERFACE NUM\n+0003e700: 4245 5220 5459 5045 0a20 2020 2020 5265 BER TYPE. Re\n+0003e710: 7175 6573 7420 4448 4350 206f 7074 696f quest DHCP optio\n+0003e720: 6e20 4e55 4d42 4552 206f 6620 5459 5045 n NUMBER of TYPE\n+0003e730: 2076 6961 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 2e20 via INTERFACE. \n+0003e740: 2054 5950 4520 6361 6e20 6265 206f 6e65 TYPE can be one\n+0003e750: 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 20e2 8098 7374 7269 . of ...stri\n+0003e760: 6e67 e280 992c 20e2 8098 6e75 6d62 6572 ng..., ...number\n+0003e770: e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 6865 78e2 8099 ... or ...hex...\n+0003e780: 2e20 2049 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 . If option is \n+0003e790: 666f 756e 642c 2061 7373 6967 6e20 6974 found, assign it\n+0003e7a0: 730a 2020 2020 2076 616c 7565 2074 6f20 s. value to \n+0003e7b0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2056 4152 2e20 2056 variable VAR. V\n+0003e7c0: 616c 7565 7320 6f66 2074 7970 6573 20e2 alues of types .\n+0003e7d0: 8098 6e75 6d62 6572 e280 9920 616e 6420 ..number... and \n+0003e7e0: e280 9868 6578 e280 9920 6172 650a 2020 ...hex... are. \n+0003e7f0: 2020 2063 6f6e 7665 7274 6564 2074 6f20 converted to \n+0003e800: 7374 7269 6e67 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 string represent\n+0003e810: 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ation.....File: \n+0003e820: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0003e830: 3a20 6e65 745f 6970 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 : net_ipv6_autoc\n+0003e840: 6f6e 662c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f onf, Next: net_\n+0003e850: 6c73 5f61 6464 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ls_addr, Prev: \n+0003e860: 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 net_get_dhcp_opt\n+0003e870: 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 ion, Up: Networ\n+0003e880: 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 king commands..1\n+0003e890: 372e 352e 3130 206e 6574 5f69 7076 365f 7.5.10 net_ipv6_\n+0003e8a0: 6175 746f 636f 6e66 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d autoconf.-------\n 0003e8b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003e8c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0003e8d0: 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 and: net_ipv6_au\n-0003e8e0: 746f 636f 6e66 205b 4341 5244 5d0a 2020 toconf [CARD]. \n-0003e8f0: 2020 2050 6572 666f 726d 2049 5076 3620 Perform IPv6 \n-0003e900: 6175 746f 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f autoconfiguratio\n-0003e910: 6e20 6279 2061 6464 696e 6720 746f 2074 n by adding to t\n-0003e920: 6865 2043 4152 4420 696e 7465 7266 6163 he CARD interfac\n-0003e930: 6520 7769 7468 0a20 2020 2020 6e61 6d65 e with. name\n-0003e940: 2043 4152 44e2 8098 3a6c 696e 6be2 8099 CARD...:link...\n-0003e950: 2061 6e64 206c 696e 6b20 6c6f 6361 6c20 and link local \n-0003e960: 4d41 432d 6261 7365 6420 6164 6472 6573 MAC-based addres\n-0003e970: 732e 2020 4966 206e 6f20 6361 7264 2069 s. If no card i\n-0003e980: 730a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 s. specified\n-0003e990: 2c20 7065 7266 6f72 6d20 6175 746f 636f , perform autoco\n-0003e9a0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 666f 7220 nfiguration for \n-0003e9b0: 616c 6c20 6578 6973 7469 6e67 2063 6172 all existing car\n-0003e9c0: 6473 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ds.....File: gru\n-0003e9d0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n-0003e9e0: 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 2c20 204e 6578 et_ls_addr, Nex\n-0003e9f0: 743a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 732c t: net_ls_cards,\n-0003ea00: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6970 7636 Prev: net_ipv6\n-0003ea10: 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 662c 2020 5570 3a20 _autoconf, Up: \n-0003ea20: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 Networking comma\n-0003ea30: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3131 206e 6574 nds..17.5.11 net\n-0003ea40: 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _ls_addr.-------\n-0003ea50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-0003ea60: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f6c - Command: net_l\n-0003ea70: 735f 6164 6472 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 s_addr. List\n-0003ea80: 2061 6c6c 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 6420 all configured \n-0003ea90: 696e 7465 7266 6163 6573 2077 6974 6820 interfaces with \n-0003eaa0: 7468 6569 7220 4d41 4320 616e 6420 4950 their MAC and IP\n-0003eab0: 2061 6464 7265 7373 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 addresses.....F\n-0003eac0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0003ead0: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 Node: net_ls_ca\n-0003eae0: 7264 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f rds, Next: net_\n-0003eaf0: 6c73 5f64 6e73 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e ls_dns, Prev: n\n-0003eb00: 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 2c20 2055 703a et_ls_addr, Up:\n-0003eb10: 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d Networking comm\n-0003eb20: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 3220 6e65 ands..17.5.12 ne\n-0003eb30: 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d t_ls_cards.-----\n-0003eb40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-0003eb50: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 . -- Command: ne\n-0003eb60: 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 0a20 2020 2020 t_ls_cards. \n-0003eb70: 4c69 7374 2061 6c6c 2064 6574 6563 7465 List all detecte\n-0003eb80: 6420 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6361 7264 7320 d network cards \n-0003eb90: 7769 7468 2074 6865 6972 204d 4143 2061 with their MAC a\n-0003eba0: 6464 7265 7373 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ddress.....File:\n-0003ebb0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0003ebc0: 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 732c 2020 e: net_ls_dns, \n-0003ebd0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 Next: net_ls_rou\n-0003ebe0: 7465 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f tes, Prev: net_\n-0003ebf0: 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 2c20 2055 703a 204e ls_cards, Up: N\n-0003ec00: 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e etworking comman\n-0003ec10: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 3320 6e65 745f ds..17.5.13 net_\n-0003ec20: 6c73 5f64 6e73 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ls_dns.---------\n-0003ec30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-0003ec40: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 ommand: net_ls_d\n-0003ec50: 6e73 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2061 6464 ns. List add\n-0003ec60: 7265 7373 6573 206f 6620 444e 5320 7365 resses of DNS se\n-0003ec70: 7276 6572 7320 7573 6564 2064 7572 696e rvers used durin\n-0003ec80: 6720 6e61 6d65 206c 6f6f 6b75 702e 0a0a g name lookup...\n-0003ec90: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0003eca0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 o, Node: net_ls\n-0003ecb0: 5f72 6f75 7465 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 _routes, Next: \n-0003ecc0: 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2c20 2050 net_nslookup, P\n-0003ecd0: 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 732c rev: net_ls_dns,\n-0003ece0: 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 Up: Networking\n-0003ecf0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e commands..17.5.\n-0003ed00: 3134 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 6573 14 net_ls_routes\n-0003ed10: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-0003ed20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0003ed30: 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 and: net_ls_rout\n-0003ed40: 6573 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2072 6f75 es. List rou\n-0003ed50: 7469 6e67 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a 0a1f ting entries....\n-0003ed60: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0003ed70: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6e 736c , Node: net_nsl\n-0003ed80: 6f6f 6b75 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 ookup, Next: ne\n-0003ed90: 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e 2c20 2050 7265 t_set_vlan, Pre\n-0003eda0: 763a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 6573 v: net_ls_routes\n-0003edb0: 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e , Up: Networkin\n-0003edc0: 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 g commands..17.5\n-0003edd0: 2e31 3520 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 .15 net_nslookup\n-0003ede0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-0003edf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-0003ee00: 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 nd: net_nslookup\n-0003ee10: 204e 414d 4520 5b53 4552 5645 525d 0a20 NAME [SERVER]. \n-0003ee20: 2020 2020 5265 736f 6c76 6520 6164 6472 Resolve addr\n-0003ee30: 6573 7320 6f66 204e 414d 4520 7573 696e ess of NAME usin\n-0003ee40: 6720 444e 5320 7365 7276 6572 2053 4552 g DNS server SER\n-0003ee50: 5645 522e 2020 4966 206e 6f20 7365 7276 VER. If no serv\n-0003ee60: 6572 2069 730a 2020 2020 2067 6976 656e er is. given\n-0003ee70: 2c20 7573 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6c69 , use default li\n-0003ee80: 7374 206f 6620 7365 7276 6572 732e 0a0a st of servers...\n-0003ee90: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0003eea0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 7365 o, Node: net_se\n-0003eeb0: 745f 766c 616e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e t_vlan, Prev: n\n-0003eec0: 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 702c 2020 5570 et_nslookup, Up\n-0003eed0: 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d : Networking com\n-0003eee0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3136 206e mands..17.5.16 n\n-0003eef0: 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d et_set_vlan.----\n-0003ef00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003ef10: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e .. -- Command: n\n-0003ef20: 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6e20 494e 5445 et_set_vlan INTE\n-0003ef30: 5246 4143 4520 564c 414e 4944 0a20 2020 RFACE VLANID. \n-0003ef40: 2020 5365 7420 7468 6520 3830 322e 3151 Set the 802.1Q\n-0003ef50: 2056 4c41 4e20 6964 656e 7469 6669 6572 VLAN identifier\n-0003ef60: 206f 6e20 494e 5445 5246 4143 4520 746f on INTERFACE to\n-0003ef70: 2056 4c41 4e49 442e 2020 466f 720a 2020 VLANID. For. \n-0003ef80: 2020 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 746f 2073 example, to s\n-0003ef90: 6574 2074 6865 2056 4c41 4e20 6964 656e et the VLAN iden\n-0003efa0: 7469 6669 6572 206f 6e20 696e 7465 7266 tifier on interf\n-0003efb0: 6163 6520 e280 9865 6669 6e65 7431 e280 ace ...efinet1..\n-0003efc0: 9920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9831 3030 . to. ...100\n-0003efd0: e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ...:.. \n-0003efe0: 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e 2065 6669 net_set_vlan efi\n-0003eff0: 6e65 7431 2031 3030 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 net1 100.. T\n-0003f000: 6865 2056 4c41 4e20 6964 656e 7469 6669 he VLAN identifi\n-0003f010: 6572 2063 616e 2062 6520 7265 6d6f 7665 er can be remove\n-0003f020: 6420 6279 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2069 7420 d by setting it \n-0003f030: 746f 20e2 8098 30e2 8099 3a0a 0a20 2020 to ...0...:.. \n-0003f040: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 net_set_v\n-0003f050: 6c61 6e20 6566 696e 6574 3120 300a 0a1f lan efinet1 0...\n-0003f060: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0003f070: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2055 6e64 6f63 756d , Node: Undocum\n-0003f080: 656e 7465 6420 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 ented commands, \n-0003f090: 2050 7265 763a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e Prev: Networkin\n-0003f0a0: 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2055 703a g commands, Up:\n-0003f0b0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 3620 Commands..17.6 \n-0003f0c0: 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 2063 7572 7265 6e74 Commands current\n-0003f0d0: 6c79 2075 6e64 6f63 756d 656e 7465 640a ly undocumented.\n+0003e8c0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0003e8d0: 206e 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f net_ipv6_autoco\n+0003e8e0: 6e66 205b 4341 5244 5d0a 2020 2020 2050 nf [CARD]. P\n+0003e8f0: 6572 666f 726d 2049 5076 3620 6175 746f erform IPv6 auto\n+0003e900: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6279 configuration by\n+0003e910: 2061 6464 696e 6720 746f 2074 6865 2043 adding to the C\n+0003e920: 4152 4420 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 7769 ARD interface wi\n+0003e930: 7468 0a20 2020 2020 6e61 6d65 2043 4152 th. name CAR\n+0003e940: 44e2 8098 3a6c 696e 6be2 8099 2061 6e64 D...:link... and\n+0003e950: 206c 696e 6b20 6c6f 6361 6c20 4d41 432d link local MAC-\n+0003e960: 6261 7365 6420 6164 6472 6573 732e 2020 based address. \n+0003e970: 4966 206e 6f20 6361 7264 2069 730a 2020 If no card is. \n+0003e980: 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 7065 specified, pe\n+0003e990: 7266 6f72 6d20 6175 746f 636f 6e66 6967 rform autoconfig\n+0003e9a0: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 666f 7220 616c 6c20 uration for all \n+0003e9b0: 6578 6973 7469 6e67 2063 6172 6473 2e0a existing cards..\n+0003e9c0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0003e9d0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6c fo, Node: net_l\n+0003e9e0: 735f 6164 6472 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e s_addr, Next: n\n+0003e9f0: 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 732c 2020 5072 et_ls_cards, Pr\n+0003ea00: 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6970 7636 5f61 7574 ev: net_ipv6_aut\n+0003ea10: 6f63 6f6e 662c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 oconf, Up: Netw\n+0003ea20: 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a orking commands.\n+0003ea30: 0a31 372e 352e 3131 206e 6574 5f6c 735f .17.5.11 net_ls_\n+0003ea40: 6164 6472 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d addr.-----------\n+0003ea50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0003ea60: 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 mmand: net_ls_ad\n+0003ea70: 6472 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2061 6c6c dr. List all\n+0003ea80: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 6420 696e 7465 configured inte\n+0003ea90: 7266 6163 6573 2077 6974 6820 7468 6569 rfaces with thei\n+0003eaa0: 7220 4d41 4320 616e 6420 4950 2061 6464 r MAC and IP add\n+0003eab0: 7265 7373 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a resses.....File:\n+0003eac0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0003ead0: 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 732c e: net_ls_cards,\n+0003eae0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 Next: net_ls_d\n+0003eaf0: 6e73 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f6c ns, Prev: net_l\n+0003eb00: 735f 6164 6472 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 s_addr, Up: Net\n+0003eb10: 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 working commands\n+0003eb20: 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 3220 6e65 745f 6c73 ..17.5.12 net_ls\n+0003eb30: 5f63 6172 6473 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _cards.---------\n+0003eb40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+0003eb50: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 Command: net_ls\n+0003eb60: 5f63 6172 6473 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 _cards. List\n+0003eb70: 2061 6c6c 2064 6574 6563 7465 6420 6e65 all detected ne\n+0003eb80: 7477 6f72 6b20 6361 7264 7320 7769 7468 twork cards with\n+0003eb90: 2074 6865 6972 204d 4143 2061 6464 7265 their MAC addre\n+0003eba0: 7373 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ss.....File: gru\n+0003ebb0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n+0003ebc0: 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 732c 2020 4e65 7874 et_ls_dns, Next\n+0003ebd0: 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 732c : net_ls_routes,\n+0003ebe0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 Prev: net_ls_c\n+0003ebf0: 6172 6473 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f ards, Up: Netwo\n+0003ec00: 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a rking commands..\n+0003ec10: 3137 2e35 2e31 3320 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 17.5.13 net_ls_d\n+0003ec20: 6e73 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ns.-------------\n+0003ec30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+0003ec40: 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 0a20 nd: net_ls_dns. \n+0003ec50: 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2061 6464 7265 7373 List address\n+0003ec60: 6573 206f 6620 444e 5320 7365 7276 6572 es of DNS server\n+0003ec70: 7320 7573 6564 2064 7572 696e 6720 6e61 s used during na\n+0003ec80: 6d65 206c 6f6f 6b75 702e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 me lookup.....Fi\n+0003ec90: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0003eca0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 Node: net_ls_rou\n+0003ecb0: 7465 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f tes, Next: net_\n+0003ecc0: 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2c20 2050 7265 763a nslookup, Prev:\n+0003ecd0: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 732c 2020 5570 net_ls_dns, Up\n+0003ece0: 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d : Networking com\n+0003ecf0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3134 206e mands..17.5.14 n\n+0003ed00: 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 6573 0a2d 2d2d et_ls_routes.---\n+0003ed10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0003ed20: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0003ed30: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 6573 0a20 net_ls_routes. \n+0003ed40: 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2072 6f75 7469 6e67 List routing\n+0003ed50: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c entries.....Fil\n+0003ed60: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0003ed70: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 ode: net_nslooku\n+0003ed80: 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 7365 p, Next: net_se\n+0003ed90: 745f 766c 616e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e t_vlan, Prev: n\n+0003eda0: 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 6573 2c20 2055 et_ls_routes, U\n+0003edb0: 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f p: Networking co\n+0003edc0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 3520 mmands..17.5.15 \n+0003edd0: 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 0a2d 2d2d net_nslookup.---\n+0003ede0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0003edf0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+0003ee00: 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 204e 414d net_nslookup NAM\n+0003ee10: 4520 5b53 4552 5645 525d 0a20 2020 2020 E [SERVER]. \n+0003ee20: 5265 736f 6c76 6520 6164 6472 6573 7320 Resolve address \n+0003ee30: 6f66 204e 414d 4520 7573 696e 6720 444e of NAME using DN\n+0003ee40: 5320 7365 7276 6572 2053 4552 5645 522e S server SERVER.\n+0003ee50: 2020 4966 206e 6f20 7365 7276 6572 2069 If no server i\n+0003ee60: 730a 2020 2020 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7573 s. given, us\n+0003ee70: 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6c69 7374 206f e default list o\n+0003ee80: 6620 7365 7276 6572 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 f servers.....Fi\n+0003ee90: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0003eea0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c Node: net_set_vl\n+0003eeb0: 616e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f6e an, Prev: net_n\n+0003eec0: 736c 6f6f 6b75 702c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 slookup, Up: Ne\n+0003eed0: 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 tworking command\n+0003eee0: 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3136 206e 6574 5f73 s..17.5.16 net_s\n+0003eef0: 6574 5f76 6c61 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d et_vlan.--------\n+0003ef00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+0003ef10: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f73 - Command: net_s\n+0003ef20: 6574 5f76 6c61 6e20 494e 5445 5246 4143 et_vlan INTERFAC\n+0003ef30: 4520 564c 414e 4944 0a20 2020 2020 5365 E VLANID. Se\n+0003ef40: 7420 7468 6520 3830 322e 3151 2056 4c41 t the 802.1Q VLA\n+0003ef50: 4e20 6964 656e 7469 6669 6572 206f 6e20 N identifier on \n+0003ef60: 494e 5445 5246 4143 4520 746f 2056 4c41 INTERFACE to VLA\n+0003ef70: 4e49 442e 2020 466f 720a 2020 2020 2065 NID. For. e\n+0003ef80: 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 746f 2073 6574 2074 xample, to set t\n+0003ef90: 6865 2056 4c41 4e20 6964 656e 7469 6669 he VLAN identifi\n+0003efa0: 6572 206f 6e20 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 er on interface \n+0003efb0: e280 9865 6669 6e65 7431 e280 9920 746f ...efinet1... to\n+0003efc0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9831 3030 e280 993a . ...100...:\n+0003efd0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f .. net_\n+0003efe0: 7365 745f 766c 616e 2065 6669 6e65 7431 set_vlan efinet1\n+0003eff0: 2031 3030 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2056 100.. The V\n+0003f000: 4c41 4e20 6964 656e 7469 6669 6572 2063 LAN identifier c\n+0003f010: 616e 2062 6520 7265 6d6f 7665 6420 6279 an be removed by\n+0003f020: 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2069 7420 746f 20e2 setting it to .\n+0003f030: 8098 30e2 8099 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ..0...:.. \n+0003f040: 2020 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6e20 net_set_vlan \n+0003f050: 6566 696e 6574 3120 300a 0a1f 0a46 696c efinet1 0....Fil\n+0003f060: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0003f070: 6f64 653a 2055 6e64 6f63 756d 656e 7465 ode: Undocumente\n+0003f080: 6420 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2050 7265 d commands, Pre\n+0003f090: 763a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f v: Networking co\n+0003f0a0: 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d mmands, Up: Com\n+0003f0b0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 3620 436f 6d6d mands..17.6 Comm\n+0003f0c0: 616e 6473 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2075 ands currently u\n+0003f0d0: 6e64 6f63 756d 656e 7465 640a 3d3d 3d3d ndocumented.====\n 0003f0e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 0003f0f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0003f100: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 556e 666f 7274 756e 6174 ====..Unfortunat\n-0003f110: 656c 792c 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 2047 5255 ely, not all GRU\n-0003f120: 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 2064 B commands are d\n-0003f130: 6f63 756d 656e 7465 6420 6174 2074 6869 ocumented at thi\n-0003f140: 7320 7469 6d65 2064 7565 2074 6f0a 6465 s time due to.de\n-0003f150: 7665 6c6f 7065 7220 7265 736f 7572 6365 veloper resource\n-0003f160: 2063 6f6e 7374 7261 696e 7473 2e20 204f constraints. O\n-0003f170: 6e65 2077 6179 2074 6f20 636f 6e74 7269 ne way to contri\n-0003f180: 6275 7465 2062 6163 6b20 746f 2074 6865 bute back to the\n-0003f190: 2047 5255 420a 7072 6f6a 6563 7420 776f GRUB.project wo\n-0003f1a0: 756c 6420 6265 2074 6f20 6865 6c70 2064 uld be to help d\n-0003f1b0: 6f63 756d 656e 7420 7468 6573 6520 636f ocument these co\n-0003f1c0: 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 616e 6420 7375 626d mmands, and subm\n-0003f1d0: 6974 2070 6174 6368 6573 206f 720a 6964 it patches or.id\n-0003f1e0: 6561 7320 746f 2074 6865 206d 6169 6c69 eas to the maili\n-0003f1f0: 6e67 206c 6973 742e 2020 5468 6520 666f ng list. The fo\n-0003f200: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6973 2061 2028 6d6f llowing is a (mo\n-0003f210: 7374 206c 696b 656c 7920 696e 636f 6d70 st likely incomp\n-0003f220: 6c65 7465 290a 6c69 7374 206f 6620 756e lete).list of un\n-0003f230: 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 206f 7220 706f documented or po\n-0003f240: 6f72 6c79 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7465 6420 orly documented \n-0003f250: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 6e64 206e 6f74 commands and not\n-0003f260: 2061 6c6c 206f 6620 7468 656d 0a61 7265 all of them.are\n-0003f270: 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2066 6f72 2061 6c6c allowed for all\n-0003f280: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2e20 2052 756e platforms. Run\n-0003f290: 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ning the command\n-0003f2a0: 2068 656c 7020 6672 6f6d 2077 6974 6869 help from withi\n-0003f2b0: 6e20 7468 650a 4752 5542 2073 6865 6c6c n the.GRUB shell\n-0003f2c0: 206d 6179 2070 726f 7669 6465 206d 6f72 may provide mor\n-0003f2d0: 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e e information on\n-0003f2e0: 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 616e 6420 parameters and \n-0003f2f0: 7573 6167 652e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 usage... ... .\n-0003f300: 8098 616c 6c5f 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c ..all_functional\n-0003f310: 5f74 6573 74e2 8099 202d 2052 756e 2061 _test... - Run a\n-0003f320: 6c6c 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e61 6c20 7465 ll functional te\n-0003f330: 7374 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9862 sts.. ... ...b\n-0003f340: 6163 6b74 7261 6365 e280 9920 2d20 5072 acktrace... - Pr\n-0003f350: 696e 7420 6261 636b 7472 6163 652e 0a20 int backtrace.. \n-0003f360: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9862 6f6f 7474 696d ... ...boottim\n-0003f370: 65e2 8099 202d 2053 686f 7720 626f 6f74 e... - Show boot\n-0003f380: 2074 696d 6520 7374 6174 6973 7469 6373 time statistics\n-0003f390: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6361 6368 .. ... ...cach\n-0003f3a0: 6569 6e66 6fe2 8099 202d 2047 6574 2064 einfo... - Get d\n-0003f3b0: 6973 6b20 6361 6368 6520 696e 666f 2e0a isk cache info..\n-0003f3c0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6362 6d65 6d63 ... ...cbmemc\n-0003f3d0: e280 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 2043 424d 454d ... - Show CBMEM\n-0003f3e0: 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 console content\n-0003f3f0: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 636d 6f73 .. ... ...cmos\n-0003f400: 7365 74e2 8099 202d 2053 6574 2062 6974 set... - Set bit\n-0003f410: 2061 7420 4259 5445 3a42 4954 2069 6e20 at BYTE:BIT in \n-0003f420: 434d 4f53 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 CMOS.. ... ...\n-0003f430: 636f 7265 626f 6f74 5f62 6f6f 7474 696d coreboot_boottim\n-0003f440: 65e2 8099 202d 2053 686f 7720 636f 7265 e... - Show core\n-0003f450: 626f 6f74 2062 6f6f 7420 7469 6d65 2073 boot boot time s\n-0003f460: 7461 7469 7374 6963 732e 0a20 2020 e280 tatistics.. ..\n-0003f470: a220 e280 9864 756d 70e2 8099 202d 2053 . ...dump... - S\n-0003f480: 686f 7720 6d65 6d6f 7279 2063 6f6e 7465 how memory conte\n-0003f490: 6e74 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 nts.. ... ...e\n-0003f4a0: 6669 656d 755f 6c6f 6164 636f 7265 e280 fiemu_loadcore..\n-0003f4b0: 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 6e64 2069 6e69 . - Load and ini\n-0003f4c0: 7469 616c 697a 6520 4546 4920 656d 756c tialize EFI emul\n-0003f4d0: 6174 6f72 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 ator.. ... ...\n-0003f4e0: 6566 6965 6d75 5f70 7265 7061 7265 e280 efiemu_prepare..\n-0003f4f0: 9920 2d20 4669 6e61 6c69 7a65 206c 6f61 . - Finalize loa\n-0003f500: 6469 6e67 206f 6620 4546 4920 656d 756c ding of EFI emul\n-0003f510: 6174 6f72 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 ator.. ... ...\n-0003f520: 6566 6965 6d75 5f75 6e6c 6f61 64e2 8099 efiemu_unload...\n-0003f530: 202d 2055 6e6c 6f61 6420 4546 4920 656d - Unload EFI em\n-0003f540: 756c 6174 6f72 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 ulator.. ... .\n-0003f550: 8098 6578 6974 e280 9920 2d20 4578 6974 ..exit... - Exit\n-0003f560: 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 2e0a 2020 20e2 from GRUB.. .\n-0003f570: 80a2 20e2 8098 6578 7472 6163 745f 656e .. ...extract_en\n-0003f580: 7472 6965 735f 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 tries_configfile\n-0003f590: e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 ... - Load anoth\n-0003f5a0: 6572 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 6669 6c65 2062 er config file b\n-0003f5b0: 7574 2074 616b 650a 2020 2020 206f 6e6c ut take. onl\n-0003f5c0: 7920 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a y menu entries..\n-0003f5d0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6578 7472 6163 ... ...extrac\n-0003f5e0: 745f 656e 7472 6965 735f 736f 7572 6365 t_entries_source\n-0003f5f0: e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 ... - Load anoth\n-0003f600: 6572 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 6669 6c65 2077 er config file w\n-0003f610: 6974 686f 7574 0a20 2020 2020 6368 616e ithout. chan\n-0003f620: 6769 6e67 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 2062 7574 ging context but\n-0003f630: 2074 616b 6520 6f6e 6c79 206d 656e 7520 take only menu \n-0003f640: 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 entries.. ... \n-0003f650: e280 9865 7874 7261 6374 5f6c 6567 6163 ...extract_legac\n-0003f660: 795f 656e 7472 6965 735f 636f 6e66 6967 y_entries_config\n-0003f670: 6669 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 5061 7273 6520 file... - Parse \n-0003f680: 6c65 6761 6379 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 696e legacy config in\n-0003f690: 206e 6577 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e74 6578 new. contex\n-0003f6a0: 7420 7461 6b69 6e67 206f 6e6c 7920 6d65 t taking only me\n-0003f6b0: 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a20 2020 e280 nu entries. ..\n-0003f6c0: a220 e280 9865 7874 7261 6374 5f6c 6567 . ...extract_leg\n-0003f6d0: 6163 795f 656e 7472 6965 735f 736f 7572 acy_entries_sour\n-0003f6e0: 6365 e280 9920 2d20 5061 7273 6520 6c65 ce... - Parse le\n-0003f6f0: 6761 6379 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 696e 2073 gacy config in s\n-0003f700: 616d 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 ame. context\n-0003f710: 2074 616b 696e 6720 6f6e 6c79 206d 656e taking only men\n-0003f720: 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a 2020 20e2 80a2 u entries. ...\n-0003f730: 20e2 8098 6578 7472 6163 745f 7379 736c ...extract_sysl\n-0003f740: 696e 7578 5f65 6e74 7269 6573 5f63 6f6e inux_entries_con\n-0003f750: 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 202d 2045 7865 figfile... - Exe\n-0003f760: 6375 7465 2073 7973 6c69 6e75 7820 636f cute syslinux co\n-0003f770: 6e66 6967 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 206e 6577 nfig in. new\n-0003f780: 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 2074 616b 696e 6720 context taking \n-0003f790: 6f6e 6c79 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 only menu entrie\n-0003f7a0: 730a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6578 7472 s. ... ...extr\n-0003f7b0: 6163 745f 7379 736c 696e 7578 5f65 6e74 act_syslinux_ent\n-0003f7c0: 7269 6573 5f73 6f75 7263 65e2 8099 202d ries_source... -\n-0003f7d0: 2045 7865 6375 7465 2073 7973 6c69 6e75 Execute syslinu\n-0003f7e0: 7820 636f 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 x config in same\n-0003f7f0: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e74 6578 7420 7461 . context ta\n-0003f800: 6b69 6e67 206f 6e6c 7920 6d65 6e75 2065 king only menu e\n-0003f810: 6e74 7269 6573 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 ntries. ... ..\n-0003f820: 9866 616b 6562 696f 73e2 8099 202d 2043 .fakebios... - C\n-0003f830: 7265 6174 6520 4249 4f53 2d6c 696b 6520 reate BIOS-like \n-0003f840: 7374 7275 6374 7572 6573 2066 6f72 2062 structures for b\n-0003f850: 6163 6b77 6172 6420 636f 6d70 6174 6962 ackward compatib\n-0003f860: 696c 6974 790a 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 ility. with \n-0003f870: 6578 6973 7469 6e67 204f 532e 0a20 2020 existing OS.. \n-0003f880: e280 a220 e280 9866 696c 65e2 8099 202d ... ...file... -\n-0003f890: 2043 6865 636b 2069 6620 4649 4c45 2069 Check if FILE i\n-0003f8a0: 7320 6f66 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2074 s of specified t\n-0003f8b0: 7970 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9866 ype.. ... ...f\n-0003f8c0: 6978 5f76 6964 656f e280 9920 2d20 4669 ix_video... - Fi\n-0003f8d0: 7820 7669 6465 6f20 7072 6f62 6c65 6d2e x video problem.\n-0003f8e0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9866 7073 7761 . ... ...fpswa\n-0003f8f0: e280 9920 2d20 4469 7370 6c61 7920 4650 ... - Display FP\n-0003f900: 5357 4120 7665 7273 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 SWA version.. \n-0003f910: e280 a220 e280 9866 756e 6374 696f 6e61 ... ...functiona\n-0003f920: 6c5f 7465 7374 e280 9920 2d20 5275 6e20 l_test... - Run \n-0003f930: 616c 6c20 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 756e 6374 all loaded funct\n-0003f940: 696f 6e61 6c20 7465 7374 732e 0a20 2020 ional tests.. \n-0003f950: e280 a220 e280 9867 6462 7374 7562 5f62 ... ...gdbstub_b\n-0003f960: 7265 616b e280 9920 2d20 4272 6561 6b20 reak... - Break \n-0003f970: 696e 746f 2047 4442 0a20 2020 e280 a220 into GDB. ... \n-0003f980: e280 9867 6462 7374 7562 e280 9920 2d20 ...gdbstub... - \n-0003f990: 5374 6172 7420 4744 4220 7374 7562 206f Start GDB stub o\n-0003f9a0: 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 706f 7274 0a20 2020 n given port. \n-0003f9b0: e280 a220 e280 9867 6462 7374 7562 5f73 ... ...gdbstub_s\n-0003f9c0: 746f 70e2 8099 202d 2053 746f 7020 4744 top... - Stop GD\n-0003f9d0: 4220 7374 7562 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 B stub. ... ..\n-0003f9e0: 9868 6470 6172 6de2 8099 202d 2047 6574 .hdparm... - Get\n-0003f9f0: 2f73 6574 2041 5441 2064 6973 6b20 7061 /set ATA disk pa\n-0003fa00: 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 rameters.. ...\n-0003fa10: 20e2 8098 6865 7864 756d 705f 7261 6e64 ...hexdump_rand\n-0003fa20: 6f6d e280 9920 2d20 4865 7864 756d 7020 om... - Hexdump \n-0003fa30: 7261 6e64 6f6d 2064 6174 612e 0a20 2020 random data.. \n-0003fa40: e280 a220 e280 9869 6e62 e280 9920 2d20 ... ...inb... - \n-0003fa50: 5265 6164 2038 2d62 6974 2076 616c 7565 Read 8-bit value\n-0003fa60: 2066 726f 6d20 504f 5254 2e0a 2020 20e2 from PORT.. .\n-0003fa70: 80a2 20e2 8098 696e 6ce2 8099 202d 2052 .. ...inl... - R\n-0003fa80: 6561 6420 3332 2d62 6974 2076 616c 7565 ead 32-bit value\n-0003fa90: 2066 726f 6d20 504f 5254 2e0a 2020 20e2 from PORT.. .\n-0003faa0: 80a2 20e2 8098 696e 77e2 8099 202d 2052 .. ...inw... - R\n-0003fab0: 6561 6420 3136 2d62 6974 2076 616c 7565 ead 16-bit value\n-0003fac0: 2066 726f 6d20 504f 5254 2e0a 2020 20e2 from PORT.. .\n-0003fad0: 80a2 20e2 8098 6a70 6567 7465 7374 e280 .. ...jpegtest..\n-0003fae0: 9920 2d20 5465 7374 7320 6c6f 6164 696e . - Tests loadin\n-0003faf0: 6720 6f66 204a 5045 4720 6269 746d 6170 g of JPEG bitmap\n-0003fb00: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b65 796d .. ... ...keym\n-0003fb10: 6170 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 206b ap... - Load a k\n-0003fb20: 6579 626f 6172 6420 6c61 796f 7574 2e0a eyboard layout..\n-0003fb30: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 6761 6379 ... ...legacy\n-0003fb40: 5f63 6865 636b 5f70 6173 7377 6f72 64e2 _check_password.\n-0003fb50: 8099 202d 2053 696d 756c 6174 6520 6772 .. - Simulate gr\n-0003fb60: 7562 2d6c 6567 6163 7920 2770 6173 7377 ub-legacy 'passw\n-0003fb70: 6f72 6427 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a20 2020 ord' command. \n-0003fb80: 2020 696e 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 in menu entry \n-0003fb90: 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c mode. ... ...l\n-0003fba0: 6567 6163 795f 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 egacy_configfile\n-0003fbb0: e280 9920 2d20 5061 7273 6520 6c65 6761 ... - Parse lega\n-0003fbc0: 6379 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 696e 206e 6577 cy config in new\n-0003fbd0: 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 0a20 2020 e280 a220 context. ... \n-0003fbe0: e280 986c 6567 6163 795f 7061 7373 776f ...legacy_passwo\n-0003fbf0: 7264 e280 9920 2d20 5369 6d75 6c61 7465 rd... - Simulate\n-0003fc00: 2067 7275 622d 6c65 6761 6379 2027 7061 grub-legacy 'pa\n-0003fc10: 7373 776f 7264 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 640a ssword' command.\n-0003fc20: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 6761 6379 ... ...legacy\n-0003fc30: 5f73 6f75 7263 65e2 8099 202d 2050 6172 _source... - Par\n-0003fc40: 7365 206c 6567 6163 7920 636f 6e66 6967 se legacy config\n-0003fc50: 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 in same context\n-0003fc60: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 6f61 6462 . ... ...loadb\n-0003fc70: 696f 73e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 4249 ios... - Load BI\n-0003fc80: 4f53 2064 756d 702e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 OS dump.. ... \n-0003fc90: e280 986c 7361 6370 69e2 8099 202d 2053 ...lsacpi... - S\n-0003fca0: 686f 7720 4143 5049 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 how ACPI informa\n-0003fcb0: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 tion.. ... ...\n-0003fcc0: 6c73 6170 6de2 8099 202d 2053 686f 7720 lsapm... - Show \n-0003fcd0: 4150 4d20 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e APM information.\n-0003fce0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 7363 6f72 . ... ...lscor\n-0003fcf0: 6562 6f6f 74e2 8099 202d 204c 6973 7420 eboot... - List \n-0003fd00: 636f 7265 626f 6f74 2074 6162 6c65 732e coreboot tables.\n-0003fd10: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 7364 6576 . ... ...lsdev\n-0003fd20: e280 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 2064 6576 6963 ... - List devic\n-0003fd30: 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 es.. ... ...ls\n-0003fd40: 6566 69e2 8099 202d 2044 6973 706c 6179 efi... - Display\n-0003fd50: 2045 4649 2068 616e 646c 6573 2e0a 2020 EFI handles.. \n-0003fd60: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 6566 696d 6d61 ... ...lsefimma\n-0003fd70: 70e2 8099 202d 2044 6973 706c 6179 2045 p... - Display E\n-0003fd80: 4649 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 702e 0a20 FI memory map.. \n-0003fd90: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 7365 6669 7379 ... ...lsefisy\n-0003fda0: 7374 6162 e280 9920 2d20 4469 7370 6c61 stab... - Displa\n-0003fdb0: 7920 4546 4920 7379 7374 656d 2074 6162 y EFI system tab\n-0003fdc0: 6c65 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c les.. ... ...l\n-0003fdd0: 736d 6d61 70e2 8099 202d 204c 6973 7420 smmap... - List \n-0003fde0: 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 6170 2070 726f 7669 memory map provi\n-0003fdf0: 6465 6420 6279 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e ded by firmware.\n-0003fe00: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 7370 6369 . ... ...lspci\n-0003fe10: e280 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 2050 4349 2064 ... - List PCI d\n-0003fe20: 6576 6963 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 evices.. ... .\n-0003fe30: 8098 6c73 7361 6ce2 8099 202d 2044 6973 ..lssal... - Dis\n-0003fe40: 706c 6179 2053 414c 2073 7973 7465 6d20 play SAL system \n-0003fe50: 7461 626c 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 table.. ... ..\n-0003fe60: 986c 7373 7064 e280 9920 2d20 5072 696e .lsspd... - Prin\n-0003fe70: 7420 4d65 6d6f 7279 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 t Memory informa\n-0003fe80: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 tion.. ... ...\n-0003fe90: 6d61 6370 7063 626c 6573 73e2 8099 202d macppcbless... -\n-0003fea0: 2042 6c65 7373 2044 4952 206f 6620 4846 Bless DIR of HF\n-0003feb0: 5320 6f72 2048 4653 2b20 7061 7274 6974 S or HFS+ partit\n-0003fec0: 696f 6e20 666f 7220 5050 4320 6d61 6373 ion for PPC macs\n-0003fed0: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6d61 6374 .. ... ...mact\n-0003fee0: 656c 626c 6573 73e2 8099 202d 2042 6c65 elbless... - Ble\n-0003fef0: 7373 2046 494c 4520 6f66 2048 4653 206f ss FILE of HFS o\n-0003ff00: 7220 4846 532b 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e r HFS+ partition\n-0003ff10: 2066 6f72 2069 6e74 656c 206d 6163 732e for intel macs.\n-0003ff20: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986e 6574 5f73 . ... ...net_s\n-0003ff30: 6574 5f76 6c61 6ee2 8099 202d 2053 6574 et_vlan... - Set\n-0003ff40: 2061 6e20 696e 7465 7266 6163 6527 7320 an interface's \n-0003ff50: 766c 616e 2069 642e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 vlan id.. ... \n-0003ff60: e280 986f 7574 62e2 8099 202d 2057 7269 ...outb... - Wri\n-0003ff70: 7465 2038 2d62 6974 2056 414c 5545 2074 te 8-bit VALUE t\n-0003ff80: 6f20 504f 5254 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 o PORT.. ... .\n-0003ff90: 8098 6f75 746c e280 9920 2d20 5772 6974 ..outl... - Writ\n-0003ffa0: 6520 3332 2d62 6974 2056 414c 5545 2074 e 32-bit VALUE t\n-0003ffb0: 6f20 504f 5254 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 o PORT.. ... .\n-0003ffc0: 8098 6f75 7477 e280 9920 2d20 5772 6974 ..outw... - Writ\n-0003ffd0: 6520 3136 2d62 6974 2056 414c 5545 2074 e 16-bit VALUE t\n-0003ffe0: 6f20 504f 5254 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 o PORT.. ... .\n-0003fff0: 8098 7063 6964 756d 70e2 8099 202d 2053 ..pcidump... - S\n-00040000: 686f 7720 7261 7720 6475 6d70 206f 6620 how raw dump of \n-00040010: 7468 6520 5043 4920 636f 6e66 6967 7572 the PCI configur\n-00040020: 6174 696f 6e20 7370 6163 652e 0a20 2020 ation space.. \n-00040030: e280 a220 e280 9870 6e67 7465 7374 e280 ... ...pngtest..\n-00040040: 9920 2d20 5465 7374 7320 6c6f 6164 696e . - Tests loadin\n-00040050: 6720 6f66 2050 4e47 2062 6974 6d61 702e g of PNG bitmap.\n-00040060: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9872 6561 645f . ... ...read_\n-00040070: 6279 7465 e280 9920 2d20 5265 6164 2038 byte... - Read 8\n-00040080: 2d62 6974 2076 616c 7565 2066 726f 6d20 -bit value from \n-00040090: 4144 4452 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 ADDR.. ... ...\n-000400a0: 7265 6164 5f64 776f 7264 e280 9920 2d20 read_dword... - \n-000400b0: 5265 6164 2033 322d 6269 7420 7661 6c75 Read 32-bit valu\n-000400c0: 6520 6672 6f6d 2041 4444 522e 0a20 2020 e from ADDR.. \n-000400d0: e280 a220 e280 9872 6561 645f 776f 7264 ... ...read_word\n-000400e0: e280 9920 2d20 5265 6164 2031 362d 6269 ... - Read 16-bi\n-000400f0: 7420 7661 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 2041 4444 t value from ADD\n-00040100: 522e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9873 6574 R.. ... ...set\n-00040110: 7063 69e2 8099 202d 204d 616e 6970 756c pci... - Manipul\n-00040120: 6174 6520 5043 4920 6465 7669 6365 732e ate PCI devices.\n-00040130: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9873 7573 7065 . ... ...suspe\n-00040140: 6e64 e280 9920 2d20 5265 7475 726e 2074 nd... - Return t\n-00040150: 6f20 4945 4545 3132 3735 2070 726f 6d70 o IEEE1275 promp\n-00040160: 742e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9873 7973 t.. ... ...sys\n-00040170: 6c69 6e75 785f 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 linux_configfile\n-00040180: e280 9920 2d20 4578 6563 7574 6520 7379 ... - Execute sy\n-00040190: 736c 696e 7578 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 696e slinux config in\n-000401a0: 206e 6577 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 0a20 2020 new context. \n-000401b0: e280 a220 e280 9873 7973 6c69 6e75 785f ... ...syslinux_\n-000401c0: 736f 7572 6365 e280 9920 2d20 4578 6563 source... - Exec\n-000401d0: 7574 6520 7379 736c 696e 7578 2063 6f6e ute syslinux con\n-000401e0: 6669 6720 696e 2073 616d 6520 636f 6e74 fig in same cont\n-000401f0: 6578 740a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7465 ext. ... ...te\n-00040200: 7374 5f62 6c6f 636b 6172 67e2 8099 202d st_blockarg... -\n-00040210: 2050 7269 6e74 2061 6e64 2065 7865 6375 Print and execu\n-00040220: 7465 2062 6c6f 636b 2061 7267 756d 656e te block argumen\n-00040230: 742e 2c20 300a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 t., 0. ... ...\n-00040240: 7465 7374 6c6f 6164 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f testload... - Lo\n-00040250: 6164 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6669 6c65 ad the same file\n-00040260: 2069 6e20 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2077 6179 in multiple way\n-00040270: 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9874 6573 s.. ... ...tes\n-00040280: 7473 7065 6564 e280 9920 2d20 5465 7374 tspeed... - Test\n-00040290: 2066 696c 6520 7265 6164 2073 7065 6564 file read speed\n-000402a0: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7467 6174 .. ... ...tgat\n-000402b0: 6573 74e2 8099 202d 2054 6573 7473 206c est... - Tests l\n-000402c0: 6f61 6469 6e67 206f 6620 5447 4120 6269 oading of TGA bi\n-000402d0: 746d 6170 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 tmap.. ... ...\n-000402e0: 7469 6d65 e280 9920 2d20 4d65 6173 7572 time... - Measur\n-000402f0: 6520 7469 6d65 2075 7365 6420 6279 2043 e time used by C\n-00040300: 4f4d 4d41 4e44 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 OMMAND. ... ..\n-00040310: 9874 72e2 8099 202d 2054 7261 6e73 6c61 .tr... - Transla\n-00040320: 7465 2053 4554 3120 6368 6172 6163 7465 te SET1 characte\n-00040330: 7273 2074 6f20 5345 5432 2069 6e20 5354 rs to SET2 in ST\n-00040340: 5249 4e47 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 RING.. ... ...\n-00040350: 7573 62e2 8099 202d 2054 6573 7420 5553 usb... - Test US\n-00040360: 4220 7375 7070 6f72 742e 0a20 2020 e280 B support.. ..\n-00040370: a220 e280 9876 6265 696e 666f e280 9920 . ...vbeinfo... \n-00040380: 2d20 4c69 7374 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 - List available\n-00040390: 2076 6964 656f 206d 6f64 6573 2e20 2049 video modes. I\n-000403a0: 6620 7265 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 f resolution is \n-000403b0: 6769 7665 6e0a 2020 2020 2073 686f 7720 given. show \n-000403c0: 6f6e 6c79 206d 6f64 6573 206d 6174 6368 only modes match\n-000403d0: 696e 6720 6974 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 ing it.. ... .\n-000403e0: 8098 7662 6574 6573 74e2 8099 202d 2054 ..vbetest... - T\n-000403f0: 6573 7420 7669 6465 6f20 7375 6273 7973 est video subsys\n-00040400: 7465 6d2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9876 tem.. ... ...v\n-00040410: 6964 656f 7465 7374 e280 9920 2d20 5465 ideotest... - Te\n-00040420: 7374 2076 6964 656f 2073 7562 7379 7374 st video subsyst\n-00040430: 656d 2069 6e20 6d6f 6465 2057 7848 2e0a em in mode WxH..\n-00040440: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7772 6974 655f ... ...write_\n-00040450: 6279 7465 e280 9920 2d20 5772 6974 6520 byte... - Write \n-00040460: 382d 6269 7420 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2041 8-bit VALUE to A\n-00040470: 4444 522e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9877 DDR.. ... ...w\n-00040480: 7269 7465 5f64 776f 7264 e280 9920 2d20 rite_dword... - \n-00040490: 5772 6974 6520 3332 2d62 6974 2056 414c Write 32-bit VAL\n-000404a0: 5545 2074 6f20 4144 4452 2e0a 2020 20e2 UE to ADDR.. .\n-000404b0: 80a2 20e2 8098 7772 6974 655f 776f 7264 .. ...write_word\n-000404c0: e280 9920 2d20 5772 6974 6520 3136 2d62 ... - Write 16-b\n-000404d0: 6974 2056 414c 5545 2074 6f20 4144 4452 it VALUE to ADDR\n-000404e0: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7865 6e5f .. ... ...xen_\n-000404f0: 6361 74e2 8099 202d 204c 6973 7420 5865 cat... - List Xe\n-00040500: 6e20 7374 6f72 6167 652e 0a20 2020 e280 n storage.. ..\n-00040510: a220 e280 9878 656e 5f6c 73e2 8099 202d . ...xen_ls... -\n-00040520: 204c 6973 7420 5865 6e20 7374 6f72 6167 List Xen storag\n-00040530: 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 e.. ... ...xnu\n-00040540: 5f64 6576 7072 6f70 5f6c 6f61 64e2 8099 _devprop_load...\n-00040550: 202d 204c 6f61 6420 2764 6576 6963 652d - Load 'device-\n-00040560: 7072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 2720 6475 6d70 properties' dump\n-00040570: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f .. ... ...xnu_\n-00040580: 7575 6964 e280 9920 2d20 5472 616e 7366 uuid... - Transf\n-00040590: 6f72 6d20 3634 2d62 6974 2055 5549 4420 orm 64-bit UUID \n-000405a0: 746f 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 7375 6974 6162 to format suitab\n-000405b0: 6c65 2066 6f72 2058 4e55 2e20 4966 0a20 le for XNU. If. \n-000405c0: 2020 2020 2d6c 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e20 -l is given \n-000405d0: 6b65 6570 2069 7420 6c6f 7765 7263 6173 keep it lowercas\n-000405e0: 6520 6173 2064 6f6e 6520 6279 2062 6c6b e as done by blk\n-000405f0: 6964 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7a66 id.. ... ...zf\n-00040600: 732d 626f 6f74 6673 e280 9920 2d20 5072 s-bootfs... - Pr\n-00040610: 696e 7420 5a46 532d 424f 4f54 4653 4f42 int ZFS-BOOTFSOB\n-00040620: 4a20 6f72 2073 746f 7265 2069 7420 696e J or store it in\n-00040630: 746f 2056 4152 4941 424c 450a 2020 20e2 to VARIABLE. .\n-00040640: 80a2 20e2 8098 7a66 7369 6e66 6fe2 8099 .. ...zfsinfo...\n-00040650: 202d 2050 7269 6e74 205a 4653 2069 6e66 - Print ZFS inf\n-00040660: 6f20 6162 6f75 7420 4445 5649 4345 2e0a o about DEVICE..\n-00040670: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7a66 736b 6579 ... ...zfskey\n-00040680: e280 9920 2d20 496d 706f 7274 205a 4653 ... - Import ZFS\n-00040690: 2077 7261 7070 696e 6720 6b65 7920 7374 wrapping key st\n-000406a0: 6f72 6564 2069 6e20 4649 4c45 2e0a 0a1f ored in FILE....\n-000406b0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-000406c0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e74 6572 6e61 , Node: Interna\n-000406d0: 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 tionalisation, \n-000406e0: 4e65 7874 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 2c20 Next: Security, \n-000406f0: 2050 7265 763a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c Prev: Commands,\n-00040700: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3820 496e Up: Top..18 In\n-00040710: 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 ternationalisati\n-00040720: 6f6e 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a on.*************\n-00040730: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 3138 2e31 **********..18.1\n-00040740: 2043 6861 7273 6574 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d Charset.=======\n-00040750: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 7573 6573 =====..GRUB uses\n-00040760: 2055 5446 2d38 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 6c6c UTF-8 internall\n-00040770: 7920 6f74 6865 7220 7468 616e 2069 6e20 y other than in \n-00040780: 7265 6e64 6572 696e 6720 7768 6572 6520 rendering where \n-00040790: 736f 6d65 0a47 5255 422d 7370 6563 6966 some.GRUB-specif\n-000407a0: 6963 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 2072 ic appropriate r\n-000407b0: 6570 7265 7365 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 6973 epresentation is\n-000407c0: 2075 7365 642e 2020 416c 6c20 7465 7874 used. All text\n-000407d0: 2066 696c 6573 0a28 696e 636c 7564 696e files.(includin\n-000407e0: 6720 636f 6e66 6967 2920 6172 6520 6173 g config) are as\n-000407f0: 7375 6d65 6420 746f 2062 6520 656e 636f sumed to be enco\n-00040800: 6465 6420 696e 2055 5446 2d38 2e0a 0a31 ded in UTF-8...1\n-00040810: 382e 3220 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 730a 8.2 Filesystems.\n-00040820: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00040830: 0a0a 4e54 4653 2c20 4a46 532c 2055 4446 ..NTFS, JFS, UDF\n-00040840: 2c20 4846 532b 2c20 6578 4641 542c 206c , HFS+, exFAT, l\n-00040850: 6f6e 6720 6669 6c65 6e61 6d65 7320 696e ong filenames in\n-00040860: 2046 4154 2c20 4a6f 6c69 6574 2070 6172 FAT, Joliet par\n-00040870: 7420 6f66 0a49 534f 3936 3630 2061 7265 t of.ISO9660 are\n-00040880: 2074 7265 6174 6564 2061 7320 5554 462d treated as UTF-\n-00040890: 3136 2061 7320 7065 7220 7370 6563 6966 16 as per specif\n-000408a0: 6963 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 4146 5320 616e ication. AFS an\n-000408b0: 6420 4246 5320 6172 650a 7265 6164 2061 d BFS are.read a\n-000408c0: 7320 5554 462d 382c 2061 6761 696e 2061 s UTF-8, again a\n-000408d0: 6363 6f72 6469 6e67 2074 6f20 7370 6563 ccording to spec\n-000408e0: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 4274 7246 ification. BtrF\n-000408f0: 532c 2063 7069 6f2c 2074 6172 2c0a 7371 S, cpio, tar,.sq\n-00040900: 7561 7368 342c 206d 696e 6978 2c20 6d69 uash4, minix, mi\n-00040910: 6e69 7832 2c20 6d69 6e69 7833 2c20 524f nix2, minix3, RO\n-00040920: 4d46 532c 2052 6569 7365 7246 532c 2058 MFS, ReiserFS, X\n-00040930: 4653 2c20 6578 7432 2c20 6578 7433 2c20 FS, ext2, ext3, \n-00040940: 6578 7434 2c0a 4641 5420 2873 686f 7274 ext4,.FAT (short\n-00040950: 206e 616d 6573 292c 2046 3246 532c 2052 names), F2FS, R\n-00040960: 6f63 6b52 6964 6765 2070 6172 7420 6f66 ockRidge part of\n-00040970: 2049 534f 3936 3630 2c20 6e69 6c66 7332 ISO9660, nilfs2\n-00040980: 2c20 5546 5331 2c20 5546 5332 0a61 6e64 , UFS1, UFS2.and\n-00040990: 205a 4653 2061 7265 2061 7373 756d 6564 ZFS are assumed\n-000409a0: 2074 6f20 6265 2055 5446 2d38 2e20 2054 to be UTF-8. T\n-000409b0: 6869 7320 6d69 6768 7420 6265 2066 616c his might be fal\n-000409c0: 7365 206f 6e20 7379 7374 656d 730a 636f se on systems.co\n-000409d0: 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2077 6974 6820 6c65 nfigured with le\n-000409e0: 6761 6379 2063 6861 7273 6574 2062 7574 gacy charset but\n-000409f0: 2061 7320 6c6f 6e67 2061 7320 7468 6520 as long as the \n-00040a00: 6368 6172 7365 7420 7573 6564 2069 730a charset used is.\n-00040a10: 7375 7065 7273 6574 206f 6620 4153 4349 superset of ASCI\n-00040a20: 4920 796f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 I you should be \n-00040a30: 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6163 6365 7373 2041 able to access A\n-00040a40: 5343 4949 2d6e 616d 6564 2066 696c 6573 SCII-named files\n-00040a50: 2e20 2041 6e64 0a69 7427 7320 7265 636f . And.it's reco\n-00040a60: 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 746f 2063 6f6e 6669 mmended to confi\n-00040a70: 6775 7265 2079 6f75 7220 7379 7374 656d gure your system\n-00040a80: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 5554 462d 3820 746f to use UTF-8 to\n-00040a90: 2061 6363 6573 7320 7468 650a 6669 6c65 access the.file\n-00040aa0: 7379 7374 656d 2c20 636f 6e76 6d76 206d system, convmv m\n-00040ab0: 6179 2068 656c 7020 7769 7468 206d 6967 ay help with mig\n-00040ac0: 7261 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 534f 3936 3630 ration. ISO9660\n-00040ad0: 2028 706c 6169 6e29 2066 696c 656e 616d (plain) filenam\n-00040ae0: 6573 0a61 7265 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 es.are specified\n-00040af0: 2061 7320 6265 696e 6720 4153 4349 4920 as being ASCII \n-00040b00: 6f72 2062 6569 6e67 2064 6573 6372 6962 or being describ\n-00040b10: 6564 2077 6974 6820 756e 7370 6563 6966 ed with unspecif\n-00040b20: 6965 6420 6573 6361 7065 0a73 6571 7565 ied escape.seque\n-00040b30: 6e63 6573 2e20 2047 5255 4220 6173 7375 nces. GRUB assu\n-00040b40: 6d65 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 2049 534f mes that the ISO\n-00040b50: 3936 3630 206e 616d 6573 2061 7265 2055 9660 names are U\n-00040b60: 5446 2d38 2028 7369 6e63 6520 616e 790a TF-8 (since any.\n-00040b70: 4153 4349 4920 6973 2076 616c 6964 2055 ASCII is valid U\n-00040b80: 5446 2d38 292e 2020 5468 6572 6520 6172 TF-8). There ar\n-00040b90: 6520 736f 6d65 206f 6c64 2043 442d 524f e some old CD-RO\n-00040ba0: 4d73 2077 6869 6368 2075 7365 2043 5034 Ms which use CP4\n-00040bb0: 3337 2069 6e0a 6e6f 6e2d 636f 6d70 6c69 37 in.non-compli\n-00040bc0: 616e 7420 7761 792e 2020 596f 7527 7265 ant way. You're\n-00040bd0: 2073 7469 6c6c 2061 626c 6520 746f 2061 still able to a\n-00040be0: 6363 6573 7320 6669 6c65 7320 7769 7468 ccess files with\n-00040bf0: 206e 616d 6573 0a63 6f6e 7461 696e 696e names.containin\n-00040c00: 6720 6f6e 6c79 2041 5343 4949 2063 6861 g only ASCII cha\n-00040c10: 7261 6374 6572 7320 6f6e 2073 7563 6820 racters on such \n-00040c20: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 7320 7468 6f75 filesystems thou\n-00040c30: 6768 2e20 2059 6f75 2772 650a 616c 736f gh. 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If.f\n-00041580: 6f6e 7473 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 2061 6c6c onts contain all\n-00041590: 2072 6571 7569 7265 6420 6368 6172 6163 required charac\n-000415a0: 7465 7273 2074 6865 6e20 6269 6469 7265 ters then bidire\n-000415b0: 6374 696f 6e61 6c20 7465 7874 2c20 6375 ctional text, cu\n-000415c0: 7273 6976 650a 7661 7269 616e 7473 2061 rsive.variants a\n-000415d0: 6e64 2063 6f6d 6269 6e69 6e67 206d 6172 nd combining mar\n-000415e0: 6b73 206f 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 656e ks other than en\n-000415f0: 636c 6f73 696e 672c 2068 616c 6620 2865 closing, half (e\n-00041600: 2e67 2e20 206c 6566 7420 6861 6c66 0a74 .g. left half.t\n-00041610: 696c 6465 206f 7220 636f 6d62 696e 696e ilde or combinin\n-00041620: 6720 6f76 6572 6c69 6e65 2920 616e 6420 g overline) and \n-00041630: 646f 7562 6c65 206f 6e65 732e 2020 4c69 double ones. 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In pract\n-00041a80: 6963 6520 6974 206d 616b 6573 2064 6966 ice it makes dif\n-00041a90: 6669 6375 6c74 2074 6f0a 656e 7465 7220 ficult to.enter \n-00041aa0: 616e 7920 7465 7874 2075 7369 6e67 206e any text using n\n-00041ab0: 6f6e 2d4c 6174 696e 2061 6c70 6861 6265 on-Latin alphabe\n-00041ac0: 742e 2020 4d6f 7265 6f76 6572 2061 6c6c t. Moreover all\n-00041ad0: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2069 6e70 7574 0a63 current input.c\n-00041ae0: 6f6e 7375 6d65 7273 2061 7265 206c 696d onsumers are lim\n-00041af0: 6974 6564 2074 6f20 4153 4349 492e 0a0a ited to ASCII...\n-00041b00: 3138 2e35 2047 6574 7465 7874 0a3d 3d3d 18.5 Gettext.===\n-00041b10: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 =========..GRUB \n-00041b20: 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2062 6569 6e67 2074 supports being t\n-00041b30: 7261 6e73 6c61 7465 642e 2020 466f 7220 ranslated. 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IEEE1275 a\n-00041d80: 6c69 6173 6573 2061 7265 206d 6174 6368 liases are match\n-00041d90: 6564 0a63 6173 652d 696e 7365 6e73 6974 ed.case-insensit\n-00041da0: 6976 656c 7920 6578 6365 7074 206e 6f6e ively except non\n-00041db0: 2d41 5343 4949 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 -ASCII which is \n-00041dc0: 6d61 7463 6865 6420 6173 2062 696e 6172 matched as binar\n-00041dd0: 792e 2020 5369 6d69 6c61 720a 6265 6861 y. Similar.beha\n-00041de0: 7669 6f75 7220 6973 2066 6f72 206d 6174 viour is for mat\n-00041df0: 6368 696e 6720 4f53 4275 6e64 6c65 5265 ching OSBundleRe\n-00041e00: 7175 6972 6564 2e20 2053 696e 6365 2049 quired. Since I\n-00041e10: 4545 4531 3237 3520 616c 6961 7365 7320 EEE1275 aliases \n-00041e20: 616e 640a 4f53 4275 6e64 6c65 5265 7175 and.OSBundleRequ\n-00041e30: 6972 6564 2064 6f6e 2774 2063 6f6e 7461 ired don't conta\n-00041e40: 696e 2061 6e79 206e 6f6e 2d41 5343 4949 in any non-ASCII\n-00041e50: 2069 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 206e 6576 6572 it should never\n-00041e60: 2062 6520 610a 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 696e be a.problem in\n-00041e70: 2070 7261 6374 6963 652e 2020 4361 7365 practice. Case\n-00041e80: 2d73 656e 7369 7469 7665 2069 6465 6e74 -sensitive ident\n-00041e90: 6966 6965 7273 2061 7265 206d 6174 6368 ifiers are match\n-00041ea0: 6564 2061 7320 7261 770a 7374 7269 6e67 ed as raw.string\n-00041eb0: 732c 206e 6f20 6361 6e6f 6e69 6361 6c20 s, no canonical \n-00041ec0: 6571 7569 7661 6c65 6e63 6520 6368 6563 equivalence chec\n-00041ed0: 6b20 6973 2070 6572 666f 726d 6564 2e20 k is performed. \n-00041ee0: 2043 6173 652d 696e 7365 6e73 7469 7665 Case-insenstive\n-00041ef0: 0a69 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7273 2061 7265 .identifiers are\n-00041f00: 206d 6174 6368 6564 2061 7320 5241 5720 matched as RAW \n-00041f10: 6275 7420 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 but additionally\n-00041f20: 205b 612d 7a5d 2069 7320 6571 7569 7661 [a-z] is equiva\n-00041f30: 6c65 6e74 2074 6f0a 5b41 2d5a 5d2e 2047 lent to.[A-Z]. G\n-00041f40: 5255 422d 6465 6669 6e65 6420 6964 656e RUB-defined iden\n-00041f50: 7469 6669 6572 7320 7573 6520 6f6e 6c79 tifiers use only\n-00041f60: 2041 5343 4949 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 7368 ASCII and so sh\n-00041f70: 6f75 6c64 0a75 7365 722d 6465 6669 6e65 ould.user-define\n-00041f80: 6420 6f6e 6573 2e20 2049 6465 6e74 6966 d ones. Identif\n-00041f90: 6965 7273 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 iers containing \n-00041fa0: 6e6f 6e2d 4153 4349 4920 6d61 7920 776f non-ASCII may wo\n-00041fb0: 726b 2062 7574 2061 7265 6e27 740a 7375 rk but aren't.su\n-00041fc0: 7070 6f72 7465 642e 2020 4f6e 6c79 2074 pported. Only t\n-00041fd0: 6865 2041 5343 4949 2073 7061 6365 2063 he ASCII space c\n-00041fe0: 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 2873 7061 6365 haracters (space\n-00041ff0: 2055 2b30 3032 302c 2074 6162 2055 2b30 U+0020, tab U+0\n-00042000: 3030 622c 0a43 5220 552b 3030 3064 2061 00b,.CR U+000d a\n-00042010: 6e64 204c 4620 552b 3030 3061 2920 6172 nd LF U+000a) ar\n-00042020: 6520 7265 636f 676e 6973 6564 2e20 204f e recognised. O\n-00042030: 7468 6572 2075 6e69 636f 6465 2073 7061 ther unicode spa\n-00042040: 6365 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 730a 6172 ce characters.ar\n-00042050: 656e 2774 2061 2076 616c 6964 2066 6965 en't a valid fie\n-00042060: 6c64 2073 6570 6172 6174 6f72 2e20 20e2 ld separator. .\n-00042070: 8098 7465 7374 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 ..test... (*note\n-00042080: 2074 6573 743a 3a29 2074 6573 7473 203c test::) tests <\n-00042090: 2c20 3e2c 203c 3d2c 0a3e 3d2c 202d 7067 , >, <=,.>=, -pg\n-000420a0: 7420 616e 6420 2d70 6c74 2063 6f6d 7061 t and -plt compa\n-000420b0: 7265 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e 6773 2069 re the strings i\n-000420c0: 6e20 7468 6520 6c65 7869 636f 6772 6170 n the lexicograp\n-000420d0: 6869 6361 6c20 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 0a75 hical order of.u\n-000420e0: 6e69 636f 6465 2063 6f64 6570 6f69 6e74 nicode codepoint\n-000420f0: 732c 2072 6570 6c69 6361 7469 6e67 2074 s, replicating t\n-00042100: 6865 2062 6568 6176 696f 7572 206f 6620 he behaviour of \n-00042110: 7465 7374 2066 726f 6d20 636f 7265 7574 test from coreut\n-00042120: 696c 732e 0a65 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 ils..environment\n-00042130: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2061 6e64 2063 variables and c\n-00042140: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 6520 6c69 7374 ommands are list\n-00042150: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 206f ed in the same o\n-00042160: 7264 6572 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 rder.....File: g\n-00042170: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00042180: 2053 6563 7572 6974 792c 2020 4e65 7874 Security, Next\n-00042190: 3a20 506c 6174 666f 726d 206c 696d 6974 : Platform limit\n-000421a0: 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 ations, Prev: I\n-000421b0: 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 6174 nternationalisat\n-000421c0: 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 ion, Up: Top..1\n-000421d0: 3920 5365 6375 7269 7479 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 9 Security.*****\n-000421e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a ******..* Menu:.\n-000421f0: 0a2a 2041 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f .* Authenticatio\n-00042200: 6e20 616e 6420 6175 7468 6f72 6973 6174 n and authorisat\n-00042210: 696f 6e3a 3a20 5573 6572 7320 616e 6420 ion:: Users and \n-00042220: 6163 6365 7373 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 0a2a access control.*\n-00042230: 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 Using digital s\n-00042240: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a20 2020 2020 ignatures:: \n-00042250: 2020 2020 426f 6f74 696e 6720 6469 6769 Booting digi\n-00042260: 7461 6c6c 7920 7369 676e 6564 2063 6f64 tally signed cod\n-00042270: 650a 2a20 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 e.* UEFI secure \n-00042280: 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 6869 6d3a 3a20 boot and shim:: \n-00042290: 2020 2020 2020 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 2064 Booting d\n-000422a0: 6967 6974 616c 6c79 2073 6967 6e65 6420 igitally signed \n-000422b0: 5045 2066 696c 6573 0a2a 2053 6563 7572 PE files.* Secur\n-000422c0: 6520 426f 6f74 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 e Boot Advanced \n-000422d0: 5461 7267 6574 696e 673a 3a20 2020 456d Targeting:: Em\n-000422e0: 6265 6464 6564 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 bedded informati\n-000422f0: 6f6e 2066 6f72 2067 656e 6572 6174 696f on for generatio\n-00042300: 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 2062 6173 6564 2072 n number based r\n-00042310: 6576 6f63 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 4d65 6173 evocation.* Meas\n-00042320: 7572 6564 2042 6f6f 743a 3a20 2020 2020 ured Boot:: \n-00042330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d M\n-00042340: 6561 7375 7269 6e67 2062 6f6f 7420 636f easuring boot co\n-00042350: 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 0a2a 204c 6f63 6b64 mponents.* Lockd\n-00042360: 6f77 6e3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 own:: \n-00042370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f Lo\n-00042380: 636b 646f 776e 2077 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 ckdown when boot\n-00042390: 696e 6720 6f6e 2061 2073 6563 7572 6520 ing on a secure \n-000423a0: 7365 7475 700a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 setup....File: g\n-000423b0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-000423c0: 2041 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 Authentication \n-000423d0: 616e 6420 6175 7468 6f72 6973 6174 696f and authorisatio\n-000423e0: 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5573 696e 6720 n, Next: Using \n-000423f0: 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 digital signatur\n-00042400: 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 7572 6974 es, Up: Securit\n-00042410: 790a 0a31 392e 3120 4175 7468 656e 7469 y..19.1 Authenti\n-00042420: 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 2061 7574 686f cation and autho\n-00042430: 7269 7361 7469 6f6e 2069 6e20 4752 5542 risation in GRUB\n-00042440: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n+0003f100: 0a0a 556e 666f 7274 756e 6174 656c 792c ..Unfortunately,\n+0003f110: 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 636f not all GRUB co\n+0003f120: 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 2064 6f63 756d mmands are docum\n+0003f130: 656e 7465 6420 6174 2074 6869 7320 7469 ented at this ti\n+0003f140: 6d65 2064 7565 2074 6f0a 6465 7665 6c6f me due to.develo\n+0003f150: 7065 7220 7265 736f 7572 6365 2063 6f6e per resource con\n+0003f160: 7374 7261 696e 7473 2e20 204f 6e65 2077 straints. One w\n+0003f170: 6179 2074 6f20 636f 6e74 7269 6275 7465 ay to contribute\n+0003f180: 2062 6163 6b20 746f 2074 6865 2047 5255 back to the GRU\n+0003f190: 420a 7072 6f6a 6563 7420 776f 756c 6420 B.project would \n+0003f1a0: 6265 2074 6f20 6865 6c70 2064 6f63 756d be to help docum\n+0003f1b0: 656e 7420 7468 6573 6520 636f 6d6d 616e ent these comman\n+0003f1c0: 6473 2c20 616e 6420 7375 626d 6974 2070 ds, and submit p\n+0003f1d0: 6174 6368 6573 206f 720a 6964 6561 7320 atches or.ideas \n+0003f1e0: 746f 2074 6865 206d 6169 6c69 6e67 206c to the mailing l\n+0003f1f0: 6973 742e 2020 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 ist. The follow\n+0003f200: 696e 6720 6973 2061 2028 6d6f 7374 206c ing is a (most l\n+0003f210: 696b 656c 7920 696e 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 ikely incomplete\n+0003f220: 290a 6c69 7374 206f 6620 756e 646f 6375 ).list of undocu\n+0003f230: 6d65 6e74 6564 206f 7220 706f 6f72 6c79 mented or poorly\n+0003f240: 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7465 6420 636f 6d6d documented comm\n+0003f250: 616e 6473 2061 6e64 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c ands and not all\n+0003f260: 206f 6620 7468 656d 0a61 7265 2061 6c6c of them.are all\n+0003f270: 6f77 6564 2066 6f72 2061 6c6c 2070 6c61 owed for all pla\n+0003f280: 7466 6f72 6d73 2e20 2052 756e 6e69 6e67 tforms. 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Show boot tim\n+0003f380: 6520 7374 6174 6973 7469 6373 2e0a 2020 e statistics.. \n+0003f390: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6361 6368 6569 6e66 ... ...cacheinf\n+0003f3a0: 6fe2 8099 202d 2047 6574 2064 6973 6b20 o... - Get disk \n+0003f3b0: 6361 6368 6520 696e 666f 2e0a 2020 20e2 cache info.. .\n+0003f3c0: 80a2 20e2 8098 6362 6d65 6d63 e280 9920 .. ...cbmemc... \n+0003f3d0: 2d20 5368 6f77 2043 424d 454d 2063 6f6e - Show CBMEM con\n+0003f3e0: 736f 6c65 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 2e0a 2020 sole content.. \n+0003f3f0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 636d 6f73 7365 74e2 ... ...cmosset.\n+0003f400: 8099 202d 2053 6574 2062 6974 2061 7420 .. - Set bit at \n+0003f410: 4259 5445 3a42 4954 2069 6e20 434d 4f53 BYTE:BIT in CMOS\n+0003f420: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 636f 7265 .. ... ...core\n+0003f430: 626f 6f74 5f62 6f6f 7474 696d 65e2 8099 boot_boottime...\n+0003f440: 202d 2053 686f 7720 636f 7265 626f 6f74 - Show coreboot\n+0003f450: 2062 6f6f 7420 7469 6d65 2073 7461 7469 boot time stati\n+0003f460: 7374 6963 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 stics.. ... ..\n+0003f470: 9864 756d 70e2 8099 202d 2053 686f 7720 .dump... - Show \n+0003f480: 6d65 6d6f 7279 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 732e memory contents.\n+0003f490: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 6669 656d . ... ...efiem\n+0003f4a0: 755f 6c6f 6164 636f 7265 e280 9920 2d20 u_loadcore... - \n+0003f4b0: 4c6f 6164 2061 6e64 2069 6e69 7469 616c Load and initial\n+0003f4c0: 697a 6520 4546 4920 656d 756c 6174 6f72 ize EFI emulator\n+0003f4d0: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6566 6965 .. ... ...efie\n+0003f4e0: 6d75 5f70 7265 7061 7265 e280 9920 2d20 mu_prepare... - \n+0003f4f0: 4669 6e61 6c69 7a65 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 Finalize loading\n+0003f500: 206f 6620 4546 4920 656d 756c 6174 6f72 of EFI emulator\n+0003f510: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6566 6965 .. ... ...efie\n+0003f520: 6d75 5f75 6e6c 6f61 64e2 8099 202d 2055 mu_unload... - U\n+0003f530: 6e6c 6f61 6420 4546 4920 656d 756c 6174 nload EFI emulat\n+0003f540: 6f72 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6578 or.. ... ...ex\n+0003f550: 6974 e280 9920 2d20 4578 6974 2066 726f it... - Exit fro\n+0003f560: 6d20 4752 5542 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 m GRUB.. ... .\n+0003f570: 8098 6578 7472 6163 745f 656e 7472 6965 ..extract_entrie\n+0003f580: 735f 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 9920 s_configfile... \n+0003f590: 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2063 - Load another c\n+0003f5a0: 6f6e 6669 6720 6669 6c65 2062 7574 2074 onfig file but t\n+0003f5b0: 616b 650a 2020 2020 206f 6e6c 7920 6d65 ake. only me\n+0003f5c0: 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 nu entries.. .\n+0003f5d0: 80a2 20e2 8098 6578 7472 6163 745f 656e .. ...extract_en\n+0003f5e0: 7472 6965 735f 736f 7572 6365 e280 9920 tries_source... \n+0003f5f0: 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2063 - Load another c\n+0003f600: 6f6e 6669 6720 6669 6c65 2077 6974 686f onfig file witho\n+0003f610: 7574 0a20 2020 2020 6368 616e 6769 6e67 ut. changing\n+0003f620: 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 2062 7574 2074 616b context but tak\n+0003f630: 6520 6f6e 6c79 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 e only menu entr\n+0003f640: 6965 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 ies.. ... ...e\n+0003f650: 7874 7261 6374 5f6c 6567 6163 795f 656e xtract_legacy_en\n+0003f660: 7472 6965 735f 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 tries_configfile\n+0003f670: e280 9920 2d20 5061 7273 6520 6c65 6761 ... - Parse lega\n+0003f680: 6379 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 696e 206e 6577 cy config in new\n+0003f690: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e74 6578 7420 7461 . context ta\n+0003f6a0: 6b69 6e67 206f 6e6c 7920 6d65 6e75 2065 king only menu e\n+0003f6b0: 6e74 7269 6573 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 ntries. ... ..\n+0003f6c0: 9865 7874 7261 6374 5f6c 6567 6163 795f .extract_legacy_\n+0003f6d0: 656e 7472 6965 735f 736f 7572 6365 e280 entries_source..\n+0003f6e0: 9920 2d20 5061 7273 6520 6c65 6761 6379 . - Parse legacy\n+0003f6f0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 696e 2073 616d 650a config in same.\n+0003f700: 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 2074 616b context tak\n+0003f710: 696e 6720 6f6e 6c79 206d 656e 7520 656e ing only menu en\n+0003f720: 7472 6965 730a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 tries. ... ...\n+0003f730: 6578 7472 6163 745f 7379 736c 696e 7578 extract_syslinux\n+0003f740: 5f65 6e74 7269 6573 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 _entries_configf\n+0003f750: 696c 65e2 8099 202d 2045 7865 6375 7465 ile... - Execute\n+0003f760: 2073 7973 6c69 6e75 7820 636f 6e66 6967 syslinux config\n+0003f770: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 206e 6577 2063 6f6e in. new con\n+0003f780: 7465 7874 2074 616b 696e 6720 6f6e 6c79 text taking only\n+0003f790: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a 2020 menu entries. \n+0003f7a0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6578 7472 6163 745f ... ...extract_\n+0003f7b0: 7379 736c 696e 7578 5f65 6e74 7269 6573 syslinux_entries\n+0003f7c0: 5f73 6f75 7263 65e2 8099 202d 2045 7865 _source... - Exe\n+0003f7d0: 6375 7465 2073 7973 6c69 6e75 7820 636f cute syslinux co\n+0003f7e0: 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 0a20 2020 nfig in same. \n+0003f7f0: 2020 636f 6e74 6578 7420 7461 6b69 6e67 context taking\n+0003f800: 206f 6e6c 7920 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 only menu entri\n+0003f810: 6573 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9866 616b es. ... ...fak\n+0003f820: 6562 696f 73e2 8099 202d 2043 7265 6174 ebios... - Creat\n+0003f830: 6520 4249 4f53 2d6c 696b 6520 7374 7275 e BIOS-like stru\n+0003f840: 6374 7572 6573 2066 6f72 2062 6163 6b77 ctures for backw\n+0003f850: 6172 6420 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c 6974 ard compatibilit\n+0003f860: 790a 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 6578 6973 y. with exis\n+0003f870: 7469 6e67 204f 532e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 ting OS.. ... \n+0003f880: e280 9866 696c 65e2 8099 202d 2043 6865 ...file... - Che\n+0003f890: 636b 2069 6620 4649 4c45 2069 7320 6f66 ck if FILE is of\n+0003f8a0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2074 7970 652e specified type.\n+0003f8b0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9866 6978 5f76 . ... ...fix_v\n+0003f8c0: 6964 656f e280 9920 2d20 4669 7820 7669 ideo... - Fix vi\n+0003f8d0: 6465 6f20 7072 6f62 6c65 6d2e 0a20 2020 deo problem.. \n+0003f8e0: e280 a220 e280 9866 7073 7761 e280 9920 ... ...fpswa... \n+0003f8f0: 2d20 4469 7370 6c61 7920 4650 5357 4120 - Display FPSWA \n+0003f900: 7665 7273 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 version.. ... \n+0003f910: e280 9866 756e 6374 696f 6e61 6c5f 7465 ...functional_te\n+0003f920: 7374 e280 9920 2d20 5275 6e20 616c 6c20 st... - Run all \n+0003f930: 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e61 loaded functiona\n+0003f940: 6c20 7465 7374 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 l tests.. ... \n+0003f950: e280 9867 6462 7374 7562 5f62 7265 616b ...gdbstub_break\n+0003f960: e280 9920 2d20 4272 6561 6b20 696e 746f ... - Break into\n+0003f970: 2047 4442 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9867 GDB. ... ...g\n+0003f980: 6462 7374 7562 e280 9920 2d20 5374 6172 dbstub... - Star\n+0003f990: 7420 4744 4220 7374 7562 206f 6e20 6769 t GDB stub on gi\n+0003f9a0: 7665 6e20 706f 7274 0a20 2020 e280 a220 ven port. ... \n+0003f9b0: e280 9867 6462 7374 7562 5f73 746f 70e2 ...gdbstub_stop.\n+0003f9c0: 8099 202d 2053 746f 7020 4744 4220 7374 .. - Stop GDB st\n+0003f9d0: 7562 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9868 6470 ub. ... ...hdp\n+0003f9e0: 6172 6de2 8099 202d 2047 6574 2f73 6574 arm... - Get/set\n+0003f9f0: 2041 5441 2064 6973 6b20 7061 7261 6d65 ATA disk parame\n+0003fa00: 7465 7273 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 ters.. ... ...\n+0003fa10: 6865 7864 756d 705f 7261 6e64 6f6d e280 hexdump_random..\n+0003fa20: 9920 2d20 4865 7864 756d 7020 7261 6e64 . - Hexdump rand\n+0003fa30: 6f6d 2064 6174 612e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 om data.. ... \n+0003fa40: e280 9869 6e62 e280 9920 2d20 5265 6164 ...inb... - Read\n+0003fa50: 2038 2d62 6974 2076 616c 7565 2066 726f 8-bit value fro\n+0003fa60: 6d20 504f 5254 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 m PORT.. ... .\n+0003fa70: 8098 696e 6ce2 8099 202d 2052 6561 6420 ..inl... - Read \n+0003fa80: 3332 2d62 6974 2076 616c 7565 2066 726f 32-bit value fro\n+0003fa90: 6d20 504f 5254 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 m PORT.. ... .\n+0003faa0: 8098 696e 77e2 8099 202d 2052 6561 6420 ..inw... - Read \n+0003fab0: 3136 2d62 6974 2076 616c 7565 2066 726f 16-bit value fro\n+0003fac0: 6d20 504f 5254 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 m PORT.. ... .\n+0003fad0: 8098 6a70 6567 7465 7374 e280 9920 2d20 ..jpegtest... - \n+0003fae0: 5465 7374 7320 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6f66 Tests loading of\n+0003faf0: 204a 5045 4720 6269 746d 6170 2e0a 2020 JPEG bitmap.. \n+0003fb00: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b65 796d 6170 e280 ... ...keymap..\n+0003fb10: 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 206b 6579 626f . - Load a keybo\n+0003fb20: 6172 6420 6c61 796f 7574 2e0a 2020 20e2 ard layout.. .\n+0003fb30: 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 6761 6379 5f63 6865 .. ...legacy_che\n+0003fb40: 636b 5f70 6173 7377 6f72 64e2 8099 202d ck_password... -\n+0003fb50: 2053 696d 756c 6174 6520 6772 7562 2d6c Simulate grub-l\n+0003fb60: 6567 6163 7920 2770 6173 7377 6f72 6427 egacy 'password'\n+0003fb70: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 696e command. in\n+0003fb80: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6d6f 6465 menu entry mode\n+0003fb90: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 6567 6163 . ... ...legac\n+0003fba0: 795f 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 9920 y_configfile... \n+0003fbb0: 2d20 5061 7273 6520 6c65 6761 6379 2063 - Parse legacy c\n+0003fbc0: 6f6e 6669 6720 696e 206e 6577 2063 6f6e onfig in new con\n+0003fbd0: 7465 7874 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c text. ... ...l\n+0003fbe0: 6567 6163 795f 7061 7373 776f 7264 e280 egacy_password..\n+0003fbf0: 9920 2d20 5369 6d75 6c61 7465 2067 7275 . - Simulate gru\n+0003fc00: 622d 6c65 6761 6379 2027 7061 7373 776f b-legacy 'passwo\n+0003fc10: 7264 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 20e2 rd' command. .\n+0003fc20: 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 6761 6379 5f73 6f75 .. ...legacy_sou\n+0003fc30: 7263 65e2 8099 202d 2050 6172 7365 206c rce... - Parse l\n+0003fc40: 6567 6163 7920 636f 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 egacy config in \n+0003fc50: 7361 6d65 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 0a20 2020 same context. \n+0003fc60: e280 a220 e280 986c 6f61 6462 696f 73e2 ... ...loadbios.\n+0003fc70: 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 4249 4f53 2064 .. - Load BIOS d\n+0003fc80: 756d 702e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c ump.. ... ...l\n+0003fc90: 7361 6370 69e2 8099 202d 2053 686f 7720 sacpi... - Show \n+0003fca0: 4143 5049 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e ACPI information\n+0003fcb0: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 6170 .. ... ...lsap\n+0003fcc0: 6de2 8099 202d 2053 686f 7720 4150 4d20 m... - Show APM \n+0003fcd0: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 information.. \n+0003fce0: e280 a220 e280 986c 7363 6f72 6562 6f6f ... ...lscoreboo\n+0003fcf0: 74e2 8099 202d 204c 6973 7420 636f 7265 t... - List core\n+0003fd00: 626f 6f74 2074 6162 6c65 732e 0a20 2020 boot tables.. \n+0003fd10: e280 a220 e280 986c 7364 6576 e280 9920 ... ...lsdev... \n+0003fd20: 2d20 4c69 7374 2064 6576 6963 6573 2e0a - List devices..\n+0003fd30: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 6566 69e2 ... ...lsefi.\n+0003fd40: 8099 202d 2044 6973 706c 6179 2045 4649 .. - Display EFI\n+0003fd50: 2068 616e 646c 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 handles.. ...\n+0003fd60: 20e2 8098 6c73 6566 696d 6d61 70e2 8099 ...lsefimmap...\n+0003fd70: 202d 2044 6973 706c 6179 2045 4649 206d - Display EFI m\n+0003fd80: 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 702e 0a20 2020 e280 emory map.. ..\n+0003fd90: a220 e280 986c 7365 6669 7379 7374 6162 . ...lsefisystab\n+0003fda0: e280 9920 2d20 4469 7370 6c61 7920 4546 ... - Display EF\n+0003fdb0: 4920 7379 7374 656d 2074 6162 6c65 732e I system tables.\n+0003fdc0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 736d 6d61 . ... ...lsmma\n+0003fdd0: 70e2 8099 202d 204c 6973 7420 6d65 6d6f p... - List memo\n+0003fde0: 7279 206d 6170 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 ry map provided \n+0003fdf0: 6279 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e 0a20 2020 by firmware.. \n+0003fe00: e280 a220 e280 986c 7370 6369 e280 9920 ... ...lspci... \n+0003fe10: 2d20 4c69 7374 2050 4349 2064 6576 6963 - List PCI devic\n+0003fe20: 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 es.. ... ...ls\n+0003fe30: 7361 6ce2 8099 202d 2044 6973 706c 6179 sal... - Display\n+0003fe40: 2053 414c 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7461 626c SAL system tabl\n+0003fe50: 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 7373 e.. ... ...lss\n+0003fe60: 7064 e280 9920 2d20 5072 696e 7420 4d65 pd... - Print Me\n+0003fe70: 6d6f 7279 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e mory information\n+0003fe80: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6d61 6370 .. ... ...macp\n+0003fe90: 7063 626c 6573 73e2 8099 202d 2042 6c65 pcbless... - Ble\n+0003fea0: 7373 2044 4952 206f 6620 4846 5320 6f72 ss DIR of HFS or\n+0003feb0: 2048 4653 2b20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 HFS+ partition \n+0003fec0: 666f 7220 5050 4320 6d61 6373 2e0a 2020 for PPC macs.. \n+0003fed0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6d61 6374 656c 626c ... ...mactelbl\n+0003fee0: 6573 73e2 8099 202d 2042 6c65 7373 2046 ess... - Bless F\n+0003fef0: 494c 4520 6f66 2048 4653 206f 7220 4846 ILE of HFS or HF\n+0003ff00: 532b 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 S+ partition for\n+0003ff10: 2069 6e74 656c 206d 6163 732e 0a20 2020 intel macs.. \n+0003ff20: e280 a220 e280 986e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 ... ...net_set_v\n+0003ff30: 6c61 6ee2 8099 202d 2053 6574 2061 6e20 lan... - Set an \n+0003ff40: 696e 7465 7266 6163 6527 7320 766c 616e interface's vlan\n+0003ff50: 2069 642e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986f id.. ... ...o\n+0003ff60: 7574 62e2 8099 202d 2057 7269 7465 2038 utb... - Write 8\n+0003ff70: 2d62 6974 2056 414c 5545 2074 6f20 504f -bit VALUE to PO\n+0003ff80: 5254 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6f75 RT.. ... ...ou\n+0003ff90: 746c e280 9920 2d20 5772 6974 6520 3332 tl... - Write 32\n+0003ffa0: 2d62 6974 2056 414c 5545 2074 6f20 504f -bit VALUE to PO\n+0003ffb0: 5254 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6f75 RT.. ... ...ou\n+0003ffc0: 7477 e280 9920 2d20 5772 6974 6520 3136 tw... - Write 16\n+0003ffd0: 2d62 6974 2056 414c 5545 2074 6f20 504f -bit VALUE to PO\n+0003ffe0: 5254 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7063 RT.. ... ...pc\n+0003fff0: 6964 756d 70e2 8099 202d 2053 686f 7720 idump... - Show \n+00040000: 7261 7720 6475 6d70 206f 6620 7468 6520 raw dump of the \n+00040010: 5043 4920 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f PCI configuratio\n+00040020: 6e20 7370 6163 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 n space.. ... \n+00040030: e280 9870 6e67 7465 7374 e280 9920 2d20 ...pngtest... - \n+00040040: 5465 7374 7320 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6f66 Tests loading of\n+00040050: 2050 4e47 2062 6974 6d61 702e 0a20 2020 PNG bitmap.. \n+00040060: e280 a220 e280 9872 6561 645f 6279 7465 ... ...read_byte\n+00040070: e280 9920 2d20 5265 6164 2038 2d62 6974 ... - Read 8-bit\n+00040080: 2076 616c 7565 2066 726f 6d20 4144 4452 value from ADDR\n+00040090: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7265 6164 .. ... ...read\n+000400a0: 5f64 776f 7264 e280 9920 2d20 5265 6164 _dword... - Read\n+000400b0: 2033 322d 6269 7420 7661 6c75 6520 6672 32-bit value fr\n+000400c0: 6f6d 2041 4444 522e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 om ADDR.. ... \n+000400d0: e280 9872 6561 645f 776f 7264 e280 9920 ...read_word... \n+000400e0: 2d20 5265 6164 2031 362d 6269 7420 7661 - Read 16-bit va\n+000400f0: 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 2041 4444 522e 0a20 lue from ADDR.. \n+00040100: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9873 6574 7063 69e2 ... ...setpci.\n+00040110: 8099 202d 204d 616e 6970 756c 6174 6520 .. - Manipulate \n+00040120: 5043 4920 6465 7669 6365 732e 0a20 2020 PCI devices.. \n+00040130: e280 a220 e280 9873 7573 7065 6e64 e280 ... ...suspend..\n+00040140: 9920 2d20 5265 7475 726e 2074 6f20 4945 . - Return to IE\n+00040150: 4545 3132 3735 2070 726f 6d70 742e 0a20 EE1275 prompt.. \n+00040160: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9873 7973 6c69 6e75 ... ...syslinu\n+00040170: 785f 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 9920 x_configfile... \n+00040180: 2d20 4578 6563 7574 6520 7379 736c 696e - Execute syslin\n+00040190: 7578 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 696e 206e 6577 ux config in new\n+000401a0: 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 0a20 2020 e280 a220 context. ... \n+000401b0: e280 9873 7973 6c69 6e75 785f 736f 7572 ...syslinux_sour\n+000401c0: 6365 e280 9920 2d20 4578 6563 7574 6520 ce... - Execute \n+000401d0: 7379 736c 696e 7578 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 syslinux config \n+000401e0: 696e 2073 616d 6520 636f 6e74 6578 740a in same context.\n+000401f0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7465 7374 5f62 ... ...test_b\n+00040200: 6c6f 636b 6172 67e2 8099 202d 2050 7269 lockarg... - Pri\n+00040210: 6e74 2061 6e64 2065 7865 6375 7465 2062 nt and execute b\n+00040220: 6c6f 636b 2061 7267 756d 656e 742e 2c20 lock argument., \n+00040230: 300a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7465 7374 0. ... ...test\n+00040240: 6c6f 6164 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2074 load... - Load t\n+00040250: 6865 2073 616d 6520 6669 6c65 2069 6e20 he same file in \n+00040260: 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2077 6179 732e 0a20 multiple ways.. \n+00040270: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9874 6573 7473 7065 ... ...testspe\n+00040280: 6564 e280 9920 2d20 5465 7374 2066 696c ed... - Test fil\n+00040290: 6520 7265 6164 2073 7065 6564 2e0a 2020 e read speed.. \n+000402a0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7467 6174 6573 74e2 ... ...tgatest.\n+000402b0: 8099 202d 2054 6573 7473 206c 6f61 6469 .. - Tests loadi\n+000402c0: 6e67 206f 6620 5447 4120 6269 746d 6170 ng of TGA bitmap\n+000402d0: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7469 6d65 .. ... ...time\n+000402e0: e280 9920 2d20 4d65 6173 7572 6520 7469 ... - Measure ti\n+000402f0: 6d65 2075 7365 6420 6279 2043 4f4d 4d41 me used by COMMA\n+00040300: 4e44 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9874 72e2 ND. ... ...tr.\n+00040310: 8099 202d 2054 7261 6e73 6c61 7465 2053 .. - Translate S\n+00040320: 4554 3120 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 2074 ET1 characters t\n+00040330: 6f20 5345 5432 2069 6e20 5354 5249 4e47 o SET2 in STRING\n+00040340: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7573 62e2 .. ... ...usb.\n+00040350: 8099 202d 2054 6573 7420 5553 4220 7375 .. - Test USB su\n+00040360: 7070 6f72 742e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 pport.. ... ..\n+00040370: 9876 6265 696e 666f e280 9920 2d20 4c69 .vbeinfo... - Li\n+00040380: 7374 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2076 6964 st available vid\n+00040390: 656f 206d 6f64 6573 2e20 2049 6620 7265 eo modes. If re\n+000403a0: 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6769 7665 solution is give\n+000403b0: 6e0a 2020 2020 2073 686f 7720 6f6e 6c79 n. show only\n+000403c0: 206d 6f64 6573 206d 6174 6368 696e 6720 modes matching \n+000403d0: 6974 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7662 it.. ... ...vb\n+000403e0: 6574 6573 74e2 8099 202d 2054 6573 7420 etest... - Test \n+000403f0: 7669 6465 6f20 7375 6273 7973 7465 6d2e video subsystem.\n+00040400: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9876 6964 656f . ... ...video\n+00040410: 7465 7374 e280 9920 2d20 5465 7374 2076 test... - Test v\n+00040420: 6964 656f 2073 7562 7379 7374 656d 2069 ideo subsystem i\n+00040430: 6e20 6d6f 6465 2057 7848 2e0a 2020 20e2 n mode WxH.. .\n+00040440: 80a2 20e2 8098 7772 6974 655f 6279 7465 .. ...write_byte\n+00040450: e280 9920 2d20 5772 6974 6520 382d 6269 ... - Write 8-bi\n+00040460: 7420 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2041 4444 522e t VALUE to ADDR.\n+00040470: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9877 7269 7465 . ... ...write\n+00040480: 5f64 776f 7264 e280 9920 2d20 5772 6974 _dword... - Writ\n+00040490: 6520 3332 2d62 6974 2056 414c 5545 2074 e 32-bit VALUE t\n+000404a0: 6f20 4144 4452 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 o ADDR.. ... .\n+000404b0: 8098 7772 6974 655f 776f 7264 e280 9920 ..write_word... \n+000404c0: 2d20 5772 6974 6520 3136 2d62 6974 2056 - Write 16-bit V\n+000404d0: 414c 5545 2074 6f20 4144 4452 2e0a 2020 ALUE to ADDR.. \n+000404e0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7865 6e5f 6361 74e2 ... ...xen_cat.\n+000404f0: 8099 202d 204c 6973 7420 5865 6e20 7374 .. - List Xen st\n+00040500: 6f72 6167 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 orage.. ... ..\n+00040510: 9878 656e 5f6c 73e2 8099 202d 204c 6973 .xen_ls... - Lis\n+00040520: 7420 5865 6e20 7374 6f72 6167 652e 0a20 t Xen storage.. \n+00040530: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f64 6576 ... ...xnu_dev\n+00040540: 7072 6f70 5f6c 6f61 64e2 8099 202d 204c prop_load... - L\n+00040550: 6f61 6420 2764 6576 6963 652d 7072 6f70 oad 'device-prop\n+00040560: 6572 7469 6573 2720 6475 6d70 2e0a 2020 erties' dump.. \n+00040570: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f 7575 6964 ... ...xnu_uuid\n+00040580: e280 9920 2d20 5472 616e 7366 6f72 6d20 ... - Transform \n+00040590: 3634 2d62 6974 2055 5549 4420 746f 2066 64-bit UUID to f\n+000405a0: 6f72 6d61 7420 7375 6974 6162 6c65 2066 ormat suitable f\n+000405b0: 6f72 2058 4e55 2e20 4966 0a20 2020 2020 or XNU. If. \n+000405c0: 2d6c 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e20 6b65 6570 -l is given keep\n+000405d0: 2069 7420 6c6f 7765 7263 6173 6520 6173 it lowercase as\n+000405e0: 2064 6f6e 6520 6279 2062 6c6b 6964 2e0a done by blkid..\n+000405f0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7a66 732d 626f ... ...zfs-bo\n+00040600: 6f74 6673 e280 9920 2d20 5072 696e 7420 otfs... - Print \n+00040610: 5a46 532d 424f 4f54 4653 4f42 4a20 6f72 ZFS-BOOTFSOBJ or\n+00040620: 2073 746f 7265 2069 7420 696e 746f 2056 store it into V\n+00040630: 4152 4941 424c 450a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 ARIABLE. ... .\n+00040640: 8098 7a66 7369 6e66 6fe2 8099 202d 2050 ..zfsinfo... - P\n+00040650: 7269 6e74 205a 4653 2069 6e66 6f20 6162 rint ZFS info ab\n+00040660: 6f75 7420 4445 5649 4345 2e0a 2020 20e2 out DEVICE.. .\n+00040670: 80a2 20e2 8098 7a66 736b 6579 e280 9920 .. ...zfskey... \n+00040680: 2d20 496d 706f 7274 205a 4653 2077 7261 - Import ZFS wra\n+00040690: 7070 696e 6720 6b65 7920 7374 6f72 6564 pping key stored\n+000406a0: 2069 6e20 4649 4c45 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c in FILE.....Fil\n+000406b0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+000406c0: 6f64 653a 2049 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e ode: Internation\n+000406d0: 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 alisation, Next\n+000406e0: 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 2c20 2050 7265 : Security, Pre\n+000406f0: 763a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5570 v: Commands, Up\n+00040700: 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3820 496e 7465 726e : Top..18 Intern\n+00040710: 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 0a2a ationalisation.*\n+00040720: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+00040730: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 3138 2e31 2043 6861 ******..18.1 Cha\n+00040740: 7273 6574 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d rset.===========\n+00040750: 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 7573 6573 2055 5446 =..GRUB uses UTF\n+00040760: 2d38 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 6c6c 7920 6f74 -8 internally ot\n+00040770: 6865 7220 7468 616e 2069 6e20 7265 6e64 her than in rend\n+00040780: 6572 696e 6720 7768 6572 6520 736f 6d65 ering where some\n+00040790: 0a47 5255 422d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2061 .GRUB-specific a\n+000407a0: 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 2072 6570 7265 ppropriate repre\n+000407b0: 7365 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 6973 2075 7365 sentation is use\n+000407c0: 642e 2020 416c 6c20 7465 7874 2066 696c d. All text fil\n+000407d0: 6573 0a28 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 636f es.(including co\n+000407e0: 6e66 6967 2920 6172 6520 6173 7375 6d65 nfig) are assume\n+000407f0: 6420 746f 2062 6520 656e 636f 6465 6420 d to be encoded \n+00040800: 696e 2055 5446 2d38 2e0a 0a31 382e 3220 in UTF-8...18.2 \n+00040810: 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 730a 3d3d 3d3d Filesystems.====\n+00040820: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4e54 ============..NT\n+00040830: 4653 2c20 4a46 532c 2055 4446 2c20 4846 FS, JFS, UDF, HF\n+00040840: 532b 2c20 6578 4641 542c 206c 6f6e 6720 S+, exFAT, long \n+00040850: 6669 6c65 6e61 6d65 7320 696e 2046 4154 filenames in FAT\n+00040860: 2c20 4a6f 6c69 6574 2070 6172 7420 6f66 , Joliet part of\n+00040870: 0a49 534f 3936 3630 2061 7265 2074 7265 .ISO9660 are tre\n+00040880: 6174 6564 2061 7320 5554 462d 3136 2061 ated as UTF-16 a\n+00040890: 7320 7065 7220 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 s per specificat\n+000408a0: 696f 6e2e 2020 4146 5320 616e 6420 4246 ion. AFS and BF\n+000408b0: 5320 6172 650a 7265 6164 2061 7320 5554 S are.read as UT\n+000408c0: 462d 382c 2061 6761 696e 2061 6363 6f72 F-8, again accor\n+000408d0: 6469 6e67 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 6963 ding to specific\n+000408e0: 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 4274 7246 532c 2063 ation. BtrFS, c\n+000408f0: 7069 6f2c 2074 6172 2c0a 7371 7561 7368 pio, tar,.squash\n+00040900: 342c 206d 696e 6978 2c20 6d69 6e69 7832 4, minix, minix2\n+00040910: 2c20 6d69 6e69 7833 2c20 524f 4d46 532c , minix3, ROMFS,\n+00040920: 2052 6569 7365 7246 532c 2058 4653 2c20 ReiserFS, XFS, \n+00040930: 6578 7432 2c20 6578 7433 2c20 6578 7434 ext2, ext3, ext4\n+00040940: 2c0a 4641 5420 2873 686f 7274 206e 616d ,.FAT (short nam\n+00040950: 6573 292c 2046 3246 532c 2052 6f63 6b52 es), F2FS, RockR\n+00040960: 6964 6765 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2049 534f idge part of ISO\n+00040970: 3936 3630 2c20 6e69 6c66 7332 2c20 5546 9660, nilfs2, UF\n+00040980: 5331 2c20 5546 5332 0a61 6e64 205a 4653 S1, UFS2.and ZFS\n+00040990: 2061 7265 2061 7373 756d 6564 2074 6f20 are assumed to \n+000409a0: 6265 2055 5446 2d38 2e20 2054 6869 7320 be UTF-8. This \n+000409b0: 6d69 6768 7420 6265 2066 616c 7365 206f might be false o\n+000409c0: 6e20 7379 7374 656d 730a 636f 6e66 6967 n systems.config\n+000409d0: 7572 6564 2077 6974 6820 6c65 6761 6379 ured with legacy\n+000409e0: 2063 6861 7273 6574 2062 7574 2061 7320 charset but as \n+000409f0: 6c6f 6e67 2061 7320 7468 6520 6368 6172 long as the char\n+00040a00: 7365 7420 7573 6564 2069 730a 7375 7065 set used is.supe\n+00040a10: 7273 6574 206f 6620 4153 4349 4920 796f rset of ASCII yo\n+00040a20: 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6162 6c65 u should be able\n+00040a30: 2074 6f20 6163 6365 7373 2041 5343 4949 to access ASCII\n+00040a40: 2d6e 616d 6564 2066 696c 6573 2e20 2041 -named files. A\n+00040a50: 6e64 0a69 7427 7320 7265 636f 6d6d 656e nd.it's recommen\n+00040a60: 6465 6420 746f 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 ded to configure\n+00040a70: 2079 6f75 7220 7379 7374 656d 2074 6f20 your system to \n+00040a80: 7573 6520 5554 462d 3820 746f 2061 6363 use UTF-8 to acc\n+00040a90: 6573 7320 7468 650a 6669 6c65 7379 7374 ess the.filesyst\n+00040aa0: 656d 2c20 636f 6e76 6d76 206d 6179 2068 em, convmv may h\n+00040ab0: 656c 7020 7769 7468 206d 6967 7261 7469 elp with migrati\n+00040ac0: 6f6e 2e20 2049 534f 3936 3630 2028 706c on. 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There are so\n+00040b90: 6d65 206f 6c64 2043 442d 524f 4d73 2077 me old CD-ROMs w\n+00040ba0: 6869 6368 2075 7365 2043 5034 3337 2069 hich use CP437 i\n+00040bb0: 6e0a 6e6f 6e2d 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 n.non-compliant \n+00040bc0: 7761 792e 2020 596f 7527 7265 2073 7469 way. 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AFF\n+00040ca0: 532c 2053 4653 2061 6e64 2048 4653 206e S, SFS and HFS n\n+00040cb0: 6576 6572 2075 7365 2075 6e69 636f 6465 ever use unicode\n+00040cc0: 2061 6e64 0a47 5255 4220 6173 7375 6d65 and.GRUB assume\n+00040cd0: 7320 7468 656d 2074 6f20 6265 2069 6e20 s them to be in \n+00040ce0: 4c61 7469 6e31 2c20 4c61 7469 6e31 2061 Latin1, Latin1 a\n+00040cf0: 6e64 204d 6163 526f 6d61 6e20 7265 7370 nd MacRoman resp\n+00040d00: 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2e0a 4752 5542 2068 ectively..GRUB h\n+00040d10: 616e 646c 6573 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 andles filesyste\n+00040d20: 6d20 6361 7365 2d69 6e73 656e 7369 7469 m case-insensiti\n+00040d30: 7669 7479 2068 6f77 6576 6572 206e 6f20 vity however no \n+00040d40: 6174 7465 6d70 7420 6973 0a70 6572 666f attempt is.perfo\n+00040d50: 726d 6564 2061 7420 6361 7365 2063 6f6e rmed at case con\n+00040d60: 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6f66 2069 6e74 6572 version of inter\n+00040d70: 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 2063 6861 7261 6374 national charact\n+00040d80: 6572 7320 736f 2065 2e67 2e20 2061 2066 ers so e.g. a f\n+00040d90: 696c 650a 6e61 6d65 6420 6c6f 7765 7263 ile.named lowerc\n+00040da0: 6173 6520 6772 6565 6b20 616c 7068 6120 ase greek alpha \n+00040db0: 6973 2074 7265 6174 6564 2061 7320 6469 is treated as di\n+00040dc0: 6666 6572 656e 7420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 fferent from the\n+00040dd0: 206f 6e65 206e 616d 6564 0a61 7320 7570 one named.as up\n+00040de0: 7065 7263 6173 6520 616c 7068 612e 2020 percase alpha. \n+00040df0: 5468 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 7320 The filesystems \n+00040e00: 696e 2071 7565 7374 696f 6e73 2061 7265 in questions are\n+00040e10: 204e 5446 5320 2865 7863 6570 7420 504f NTFS (except PO\n+00040e20: 5349 580a 6e61 6d65 7370 6163 6529 2c20 SIX.namespace), \n+00040e30: 4846 532b 2028 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6162 HFS+ (configurab\n+00040e40: 6c65 2061 7420 6d6b 6673 2074 696d 652c le at mkfs time,\n+00040e50: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 6e73 656e 7369 default insensi\n+00040e60: 7469 7665 292c 2053 4653 0a28 636f 6e66 tive), SFS.(conf\n+00040e70: 6967 7572 6162 6c65 2061 7420 6d6b 6673 igurable at mkfs\n+00040e80: 2074 696d 652c 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 time, default i\n+00040e90: 6e73 656e 7369 7469 7665 292c 204a 4653 nsensitive), JFS\n+00040ea0: 2028 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6162 6c65 2061 (configurable a\n+00040eb0: 740a 6d6b 6673 2074 696d 652c 2064 6566 t.mkfs time, def\n+00040ec0: 6175 6c74 2073 656e 7369 7469 7665 292c ault sensitive),\n+00040ed0: 2048 4653 2c20 4146 4653 2c20 4641 542c HFS, AFFS, FAT,\n+00040ee0: 2065 7846 4154 2061 6e64 205a 4653 0a28 exFAT and ZFS.(\n+00040ef0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 configurable on \n+00040f00: 7065 722d 7375 6276 6f6c 756d 6520 6261 per-subvolume ba\n+00040f10: 7369 7320 6279 2070 726f 7065 7274 7920 sis by property \n+00040f20: 2263 6173 6573 656e 7369 7469 7669 7479 \"casesensitivity\n+00040f30: 222c 0a64 6566 6175 6c74 2073 656e 7369 \",.default sensi\n+00040f40: 7469 7665 292e 2020 4f6e 205a 4653 2073 tive). On ZFS s\n+00040f50: 7562 766f 6c75 6d65 7320 6d61 726b 6564 ubvolumes marked\n+00040f60: 2061 7320 6361 7365 2069 6e73 656e 7369 as case insensi\n+00040f70: 7469 7665 2066 696c 6573 0a63 6f6e 7461 tive files.conta\n+00040f80: 696e 696e 6720 6c6f 7765 7263 6173 6520 ining lowercase \n+00040f90: 696e 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c20 6368 international ch\n+00040fa0: 6172 6163 7465 7273 2061 7265 2069 6e61 aracters are ina\n+00040fb0: 6363 6573 7369 626c 652e 2020 416c 736f ccessible. Also\n+00040fc0: 0a6c 696b 6520 616c 6c20 7375 7070 6f72 .like all suppor\n+00040fd0: 7465 6420 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 7320 ted filesystems \n+00040fe0: 6578 6365 7074 2048 4653 2b20 616e 6420 except HFS+ and \n+00040ff0: 5a46 5320 2863 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 626c ZFS (configurabl\n+00041000: 6520 6f6e 0a70 6572 2d73 7562 766f 6c75 e on.per-subvolu\n+00041010: 6d65 2062 6173 6973 2062 7920 7072 6f70 me basis by prop\n+00041020: 6572 7479 2022 6e6f 726d 616c 697a 6174 erty \"normalizat\n+00041030: 696f 6e22 2c20 6465 6661 756c 7420 6e6f ion\", default no\n+00041040: 6e65 2920 4752 5542 0a6d 616b 6573 206e ne) GRUB.makes n\n+00041050: 6f20 6174 7465 6d70 7420 6174 2063 6865 o attempt at che\n+00041060: 636b 206f 6620 6361 6e6f 6e69 6361 6c20 ck of canonical \n+00041070: 6571 7569 7661 6c65 6e63 6520 736f 2061 equivalence so a\n+00041080: 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 0a75 2d64 6961 file name.u-dia\n+00041090: 7265 7369 7320 6973 2074 7265 6174 6564 resis is treated\n+000410a0: 2061 7320 6469 7374 696e 6374 2066 726f as distinct fro\n+000410b0: 6d20 752b 636f 6d62 696e 696e 6720 6469 m u+combining di\n+000410c0: 6172 6573 6973 2e20 2054 6869 730a 686f aresis. This.ho\n+000410d0: 7765 7665 7220 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 wever means that\n+000410e0: 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f 2061 6363 in order to acc\n+000410f0: 6573 7320 6669 6c65 206f 6e20 4846 532b ess file on HFS+\n+00041100: 2069 7473 206e 616d 6520 6d75 7374 2062 its name must b\n+00041110: 650a 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 696e 206e e.specified in n\n+00041120: 6f72 6d61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 ormalisation for\n+00041130: 6d20 442e 204f 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c 697a m D. On normaliz\n+00041140: 6564 205a 4653 2073 7562 766f 6c75 6d65 ed ZFS subvolume\n+00041150: 730a 6669 6c65 6e61 6d65 7320 6f75 7420 s.filenames out \n+00041160: 6f66 206e 6f72 6d61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e of normalisation\n+00041170: 2061 7265 2069 6e61 6363 6573 7369 626c are inaccessibl\n+00041180: 652e 0a0a 3138 2e33 204f 7574 7075 7420 e...18.3 Output \n+00041190: 7465 726d 696e 616c 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d terminal.=======\n+000411a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a46 =============..F\n+000411b0: 6972 6d77 6172 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2063 irmware output c\n+000411c0: 6f6e 736f 6c65 2022 636f 6e73 6f6c 6522 onsole \"console\"\n+000411d0: 206f 6e20 4152 4320 616e 6420 4945 4545 on ARC and IEEE\n+000411e0: 3132 3735 2061 7265 206c 696d 6974 6564 1275 are limited\n+000411f0: 2074 6f0a 4153 4349 492e 0a0a 2020 2042 to.ASCII... B\n+00041200: 494f 5320 6669 726d 7761 7265 2063 6f6e IOS firmware con\n+00041210: 736f 6c65 2061 6e64 2056 4741 2074 6578 sole and VGA tex\n+00041220: 7420 6172 6520 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f t are limited to\n+00041230: 2041 5343 4949 2061 6e64 2073 6f6d 650a ASCII and some.\n+00041240: 7073 6575 646f 6772 6170 6869 6373 2e0a pseudographics..\n+00041250: 0a20 2020 4e6f 6e65 206f 6620 6162 6f76 . None of abov\n+00041260: 6520 6d65 6e74 696f 6e65 6420 6973 2061 e mentioned is a\n+00041270: 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 2066 6f72 2064 ppropriate for d\n+00041280: 6973 706c 6179 696e 6720 696e 7465 726e isplaying intern\n+00041290: 6174 696f 6e61 6c0a 616e 6420 616e 7920 ational.and any \n+000412a0: 756e 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6368 6172 unsupported char\n+000412b0: 6163 7465 7220 6973 2072 6570 6c61 6365 acter is replace\n+000412c0: 6420 7769 7468 2071 7565 7374 696f 6e20 d with question \n+000412d0: 6d61 726b 2065 7863 6570 740a 7073 6575 mark except.pseu\n+000412e0: 646f 6772 6170 6869 6373 2077 6869 6368 dographics which\n+000412f0: 2077 6520 6174 7465 6d70 7420 746f 2061 we attempt to a\n+00041300: 7070 726f 7869 6d61 7465 2077 6974 6820 pproximate with \n+00041310: 4153 4349 492e 0a0a 2020 2045 4649 2063 ASCII... EFI c\n+00041320: 6f6e 736f 6c65 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6f74 onsole on the ot\n+00041330: 6865 7220 6861 6e64 206e 6f6d 696e 616c her hand nominal\n+00041340: 6c79 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 5554 462d ly supports UTF-\n+00041350: 3136 2062 7574 2061 6374 7561 6c0a 6c61 16 but actual.la\n+00041360: 6e67 7561 6765 2063 6f76 6572 6167 6520 nguage coverage \n+00041370: 6465 7065 6e64 7320 6f6e 2066 6972 6d77 depends on firmw\n+00041380: 6172 6520 616e 6420 6d61 7920 6265 2076 are and may be v\n+00041390: 6572 7920 6c69 6d69 7465 642e 0a0a 2020 ery limited... \n+000413a0: 2054 6865 2065 6e63 6f64 696e 6720 7573 The encoding us\n+000413b0: 6564 206f 6e20 7365 7269 616c 2063 616e ed on serial can\n+000413c0: 2062 6520 6368 6f73 656e 2077 6974 6820 be chosen with \n+000413d0: e280 9874 6572 6d69 6e66 6fe2 8099 2061 ...terminfo... a\n+000413e0: 7320 6569 7468 6572 0a41 5343 4949 2c20 s either.ASCII, \n+000413f0: 5554 462d 3820 6f72 2022 7669 7375 616c UTF-8 or \"visual\n+00041400: 2055 5446 2d38 222e 2020 4c61 7374 206f UTF-8\". Last o\n+00041410: 6e65 2069 7320 6167 6169 6e73 7420 7468 ne is against th\n+00041420: 6520 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e0a e specification.\n+00041430: 6275 7420 7265 7375 6c74 7320 696e 2063 but results in c\n+00041440: 6f72 7265 6374 2072 656e 6465 7269 6e67 orrect rendering\n+00041450: 206f 6620 7269 6768 742d 746f 2d6c 6566 of right-to-lef\n+00041460: 7420 6f6e 2073 6f6d 6520 7265 6164 6572 t on some reader\n+00041470: 7320 7768 6963 680a 646f 6e27 7420 6861 s which.don't ha\n+00041480: 7665 206f 776e 2062 6964 6920 696d 706c ve own bidi impl\n+00041490: 656d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 ementation... \n+000414a0: 4f6e 2065 6d75 2047 5255 4220 6368 6563 On emu GRUB chec\n+000414b0: 6b73 2069 6620 6368 6172 7365 7420 6973 ks if charset is\n+000414c0: 2055 5446 2d38 2061 6e64 2075 7365 7320 UTF-8 and uses \n+000414d0: 6974 2069 6620 736f 2061 6e64 2075 7365 it if so and use\n+000414e0: 730a 4153 4349 4920 6f74 6865 7277 6973 s.ASCII otherwis\n+000414f0: 652e 0a0a 2020 2057 6865 6e20 7573 696e e... When usin\n+00041500: 6720 6766 7874 6572 6d20 6f72 2067 6678 g gfxterm or gfx\n+00041510: 6d65 6e75 2047 5255 4220 6974 7365 6c66 menu GRUB itself\n+00041520: 2069 7320 7265 7370 6f6e 7369 626c 6520 is responsible \n+00041530: 666f 720a 7265 6e64 6572 696e 6720 7468 for.rendering th\n+00041540: 6520 7465 7874 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6973 e text. In this\n+00041550: 2063 6173 6520 4752 5542 2069 7320 6c69 case GRUB is li\n+00041560: 6d69 7465 6420 6279 206c 6f61 6465 6420 mited by loaded \n+00041570: 666f 6e74 732e 2020 4966 0a66 6f6e 7473 fonts. If.fonts\n+00041580: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 2061 6c6c 2072 6571 contain all req\n+00041590: 7569 7265 6420 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 uired characters\n+000415a0: 2074 6865 6e20 6269 6469 7265 6374 696f then bidirectio\n+000415b0: 6e61 6c20 7465 7874 2c20 6375 7273 6976 nal text, cursiv\n+000415c0: 650a 7661 7269 616e 7473 2061 6e64 2063 e.variants and c\n+000415d0: 6f6d 6269 6e69 6e67 206d 6172 6b73 206f ombining marks o\n+000415e0: 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 656e 636c 6f73 ther than enclos\n+000415f0: 696e 672c 2068 616c 6620 2865 2e67 2e20 ing, half (e.g. \n+00041600: 206c 6566 7420 6861 6c66 0a74 696c 6465 left half.tilde\n+00041610: 206f 7220 636f 6d62 696e 696e 6720 6f76 or combining ov\n+00041620: 6572 6c69 6e65 2920 616e 6420 646f 7562 erline) and doub\n+00041630: 6c65 206f 6e65 732e 2020 4c69 6761 7475 le ones. Ligatu\n+00041640: 7265 7320 6172 656e 2774 0a73 7570 706f res aren't.suppo\n+00041650: 7274 6564 2074 686f 7567 682e 2020 5468 rted though. Th\n+00041660: 6973 2073 686f 756c 6420 636f 7665 7220 is should cover \n+00041670: 4575 726f 7065 616e 2c20 4d69 6464 6c65 European, Middle\n+00041680: 2045 6173 7465 726e 2028 6966 2079 6f75 Eastern (if you\n+00041690: 0a64 6f6e 2774 206d 696e 6420 6c61 636b .don't mind lack\n+000416a0: 206f 6620 6c61 6d2d 616c 6966 206c 6967 of lam-alif lig\n+000416b0: 6174 7572 6520 696e 2041 7261 6269 6329 ature in Arabic)\n+000416c0: 2061 6e64 2045 6173 7420 4173 6961 6e20 and East Asian \n+000416d0: 7363 7269 7074 732e 0a4e 6f74 6162 6c65 scripts..Notable\n+000416e0: 2075 6e73 7570 706f 7274 6564 2073 6372 unsupported scr\n+000416f0: 6970 7473 2061 7265 2042 7261 686d 6963 ipts are Brahmic\n+00041700: 2066 616d 696c 7920 616e 6420 6465 7269 family and deri\n+00041710: 7665 6420 6173 2077 656c 6c20 6173 0a4d ved as well as.M\n+00041720: 6f6e 676f 6c69 616e 2c20 5469 6669 6e61 ongolian, Tifina\n+00041730: 6768 2c20 4b6f 7265 616e 204a 616d 6f20 gh, Korean Jamo \n+00041740: 2870 7265 636f 6d70 6f73 6564 2063 6861 (precomposed cha\n+00041750: 7261 6374 6572 7320 6861 7665 206e 6f0a racters have no.\n+00041760: 7072 6f62 6c65 6d29 2061 6e64 2074 6f6e problem) and ton\n+00041770: 616c 2077 7269 7469 6e67 2028 3265 352d al writing (2e5-\n+00041780: 3265 3929 2e20 2047 5255 4220 616c 736f 2e9). GRUB also\n+00041790: 2069 676e 6f72 6573 2064 6570 7265 6361 ignores depreca\n+000417a0: 7465 6420 2861 730a 7370 6563 6966 6965 ted (as.specifie\n+000417b0: 6420 696e 2055 6e69 636f 6465 2920 6368 d in Unicode) ch\n+000417c0: 6172 6163 7465 7273 2028 652e 672e 2020 aracters (e.g. \n+000417d0: 7461 6773 292e 2020 4752 5542 2061 6c73 tags). GRUB als\n+000417e0: 6f20 646f 6573 6e27 7420 6861 6e64 6c65 o doesn't handle\n+000417f0: 0a73 6f20 6361 6c6c 6564 2022 616e 6e6f .so called \"anno\n+00041800: 7461 7469 6f6e 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 tation character\n+00041810: 7322 2049 6620 796f 7520 6361 6e20 636f s\" If you can co\n+00041820: 6d70 6c65 7465 2065 6974 6865 7220 6f66 mplete either of\n+00041830: 2074 776f 0a6c 6973 7473 206f 722c 2062 two.lists or, b\n+00041840: 6574 7465 722c 2070 726f 706f 7365 2061 etter, propose a\n+00041850: 2070 6174 6368 2074 6f20 696d 7072 6f76 patch to improv\n+00041860: 6520 7265 6e64 6572 696e 672c 2070 6c65 e rendering, ple\n+00041870: 6173 6520 636f 6e74 6163 740a 6465 7665 ase contact.deve\n+00041880: 6c6f 7065 7220 7465 616d 2e0a 0a31 382e loper team...18.\n+00041890: 3420 496e 7075 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c 4 Input terminal\n+000418a0: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n+000418b0: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4669 726d 7761 7265 2063 ====..Firmware c\n+000418c0: 6f6e 736f 6c65 206f 6e20 4249 4f53 2c20 onsole on BIOS, \n+000418d0: 4945 4545 3132 3735 2061 6e64 2041 5243 IEEE1275 and ARC\n+000418e0: 2064 6f65 736e 2774 2061 6c6c 6f77 2079 doesn't allow y\n+000418f0: 6f75 2074 6f20 656e 7465 720a 6e6f 6e2d ou to enter.non-\n+00041900: 4153 4349 4920 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 ASCII characters\n+00041910: 2e20 2045 4649 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 . EFI specifica\n+00041920: 7469 6f6e 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 666f 7220 tion allows for \n+00041930: 7375 6368 2062 7574 2061 7574 686f 7220 such but author \n+00041940: 6973 0a75 6e61 7761 7265 206f 6620 616e is.unaware of an\n+00041950: 7920 6163 7475 616c 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 y actual impleme\n+00041960: 6e74 6174 696f 6e73 2e20 2053 6572 6961 ntations. Seria\n+00041970: 6c20 696e 7075 7420 6973 2063 7572 7265 l input is curre\n+00041980: 6e74 6c79 0a6c 696d 6974 6564 2066 6f72 ntly.limited for\n+00041990: 206c 6174 696e 3120 2875 6e6c 696b 656c latin1 (unlikel\n+000419a0: 7920 746f 2063 6861 6e67 6529 2e20 204f y to change). O\n+000419b0: 776e 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 696d 706c wn keyboard impl\n+000419c0: 656d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 730a 2861 745f ementations.(at_\n+000419d0: 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2061 6e64 2075 7362 keyboard and usb\n+000419e0: 5f6b 6579 626f 6172 6429 2073 7570 706f _keyboard) suppo\n+000419f0: 7274 7320 616e 7920 6b65 7920 6275 7420 rts any key but \n+00041a00: 776f 726b 206f 6e0a 6f6e 652d 6368 6172 work on.one-char\n+00041a10: 2d70 6572 2d6b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 2e20 -per-keystroke. \n+00041a20: 2053 6f20 6e6f 2064 6561 6420 6b65 7973 So no dead keys\n+00041a30: 206f 7220 6164 7661 6e63 6564 2069 6e70 or advanced inp\n+00041a40: 7574 206d 6574 686f 642e 2020 416c 736f ut method. Also\n+00041a50: 0a74 6865 7265 2069 7320 6e6f 206b 6579 .there is no key\n+00041a60: 6d61 7020 6368 616e 6765 2068 6f74 6b65 map change hotke\n+00041a70: 792e 2020 496e 2070 7261 6374 6963 6520 y. In practice \n+00041a80: 6974 206d 616b 6573 2064 6966 6669 6375 it makes difficu\n+00041a90: 6c74 2074 6f0a 656e 7465 7220 616e 7920 lt to.enter any \n+00041aa0: 7465 7874 2075 7369 6e67 206e 6f6e 2d4c text using non-L\n+00041ab0: 6174 696e 2061 6c70 6861 6265 742e 2020 atin alphabet. \n+00041ac0: 4d6f 7265 6f76 6572 2061 6c6c 2063 7572 Moreover all cur\n+00041ad0: 7265 6e74 2069 6e70 7574 0a63 6f6e 7375 rent input.consu\n+00041ae0: 6d65 7273 2061 7265 206c 696d 6974 6564 mers are limited\n+00041af0: 2074 6f20 4153 4349 492e 0a0a 3138 2e35 to ASCII...18.5\n+00041b00: 2047 6574 7465 7874 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d Gettext.=======\n+00041b10: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 7375 7070 =====..GRUB supp\n+00041b20: 6f72 7473 2062 6569 6e67 2074 7261 6e73 orts being trans\n+00041b30: 6c61 7465 642e 2020 466f 7220 7468 6973 lated. For this\n+00041b40: 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2068 6176 you need to hav\n+00041b50: 6520 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 202a 2e6d 6f0a e language *.mo.\n+00041b60: 6669 6c65 7320 696e 2024 7072 6566 6978 files in $prefix\n+00041b70: 2f6c 6f63 616c 652c 206c 6f61 6420 6765 /locale, load ge\n+00041b80: 7474 6578 7420 6d6f 6475 6c65 2061 6e64 ttext module and\n+00041b90: 2073 6574 2022 6c61 6e67 2220 7661 7269 set \"lang\" vari\n+00041ba0: 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a31 382e 3620 5265 6765 able...18.6 Rege\n+00041bb0: 7870 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a xp.===========..\n+00041bc0: 5265 6765 7870 7320 776f 726b 206f 6e20 Regexps work on \n+00041bd0: 756e 6963 6f64 6520 6368 6172 6163 7465 unicode characte\n+00041be0: 7273 2c20 686f 7765 7665 7220 6e6f 2061 rs, however no a\n+00041bf0: 7474 656d 7074 2061 7420 6368 6563 6b69 ttempt at checki\n+00041c00: 6e67 0a63 616e 6e6f 6e69 6361 6c20 6571 ng.cannonical eq\n+00041c10: 7569 7661 6c65 6e63 6520 6861 7320 6265 uivalence has be\n+00041c20: 656e 206d 6164 652e 2020 4d6f 7265 6f76 en made. Moreov\n+00041c30: 6572 2074 6865 2063 6c61 7373 6573 206c er the classes l\n+00041c40: 696b 650a 5b3a 616c 7068 613a 5d20 6d61 ike.[:alpha:] ma\n+00041c50: 7463 6820 6f6e 6c79 2041 5343 4949 2073 tch only ASCII s\n+00041c60: 7562 7365 742e 0a0a 3138 2e37 204f 7468 ubset...18.7 Oth\n+00041c70: 6572 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a43 er.==========..C\n+00041c80: 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2047 5255 4220 616c urrently GRUB al\n+00041c90: 7761 7973 2075 7365 7320 5945 4152 2d4d ways uses YEAR-M\n+00041ca0: 4f4e 5448 2d44 4159 2048 4f55 523a 4d49 ONTH-DAY HOUR:MI\n+00041cb0: 4e55 5445 3a53 4543 4f4e 4420 5b57 4545 NUTE:SECOND [WEE\n+00041cc0: 4b44 4159 5d0a 3234 2d68 6f75 7220 6461 KDAY].24-hour da\n+00041cd0: 7465 7469 6d65 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 6275 tetime format bu\n+00041ce0: 7420 7765 656b 6461 7973 2061 7265 2074 t weekdays are t\n+00041cf0: 7261 6e73 6c61 7465 642e 2020 4752 5542 ranslated. GRUB\n+00041d00: 2061 6c77 6179 7320 7573 6573 0a74 6865 always uses.the\n+00041d10: 2064 6563 696d 616c 206e 756d 6265 7220 decimal number \n+00041d20: 666f 726d 6174 2077 6974 6820 5b30 2d39 format with [0-9\n+00041d30: 5d20 6173 2064 6967 6974 7320 616e 6420 ] as digits and \n+00041d40: 2e20 2061 7320 6465 7363 696d 616c 0a73 . as descimal.s\n+00041d50: 6570 6172 6174 6f72 2061 6e64 206e 6f20 eparator and no \n+00041d60: 6772 6f75 7020 7365 7061 7261 746f 722e group separator.\n+00041d70: 2020 4945 4545 3132 3735 2061 6c69 6173 IEEE1275 alias\n+00041d80: 6573 2061 7265 206d 6174 6368 6564 0a63 es are matched.c\n+00041d90: 6173 652d 696e 7365 6e73 6974 6976 656c ase-insensitivel\n+00041da0: 7920 6578 6365 7074 206e 6f6e 2d41 5343 y except non-ASC\n+00041db0: 4949 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 6d61 7463 II which is matc\n+00041dc0: 6865 6420 6173 2062 696e 6172 792e 2020 hed as binary. \n+00041dd0: 5369 6d69 6c61 720a 6265 6861 7669 6f75 Similar.behaviou\n+00041de0: 7220 6973 2066 6f72 206d 6174 6368 696e r is for matchin\n+00041df0: 6720 4f53 4275 6e64 6c65 5265 7175 6972 g OSBundleRequir\n+00041e00: 6564 2e20 2053 696e 6365 2049 4545 4531 ed. Since IEEE1\n+00041e10: 3237 3520 616c 6961 7365 7320 616e 640a 275 aliases and.\n+00041e20: 4f53 4275 6e64 6c65 5265 7175 6972 6564 OSBundleRequired\n+00041e30: 2064 6f6e 2774 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 2061 don't contain a\n+00041e40: 6e79 206e 6f6e 2d41 5343 4949 2069 7420 ny non-ASCII it \n+00041e50: 7368 6f75 6c64 206e 6576 6572 2062 6520 should never be \n+00041e60: 610a 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 696e 2070 7261 a.problem in pra\n+00041e70: 6374 6963 652e 2020 4361 7365 2d73 656e ctice. Case-sen\n+00041e80: 7369 7469 7665 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 sitive identifie\n+00041e90: 7273 2061 7265 206d 6174 6368 6564 2061 rs are matched a\n+00041ea0: 7320 7261 770a 7374 7269 6e67 732c 206e s raw.strings, n\n+00041eb0: 6f20 6361 6e6f 6e69 6361 6c20 6571 7569 o canonical equi\n+00041ec0: 7661 6c65 6e63 6520 6368 6563 6b20 6973 valence check is\n+00041ed0: 2070 6572 666f 726d 6564 2e20 2043 6173 performed. Cas\n+00041ee0: 652d 696e 7365 6e73 7469 7665 0a69 6465 e-insenstive.ide\n+00041ef0: 6e74 6966 6965 7273 2061 7265 206d 6174 ntifiers are mat\n+00041f00: 6368 6564 2061 7320 5241 5720 6275 7420 ched as RAW but \n+00041f10: 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 205b 612d additionally [a-\n+00041f20: 7a5d 2069 7320 6571 7569 7661 6c65 6e74 z] is equivalent\n+00041f30: 2074 6f0a 5b41 2d5a 5d2e 2047 5255 422d to.[A-Z]. GRUB-\n+00041f40: 6465 6669 6e65 6420 6964 656e 7469 6669 defined identifi\n+00041f50: 6572 7320 7573 6520 6f6e 6c79 2041 5343 ers use only ASC\n+00041f60: 4949 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 7368 6f75 6c64 II and so should\n+00041f70: 0a75 7365 722d 6465 6669 6e65 6420 6f6e .user-defined on\n+00041f80: 6573 2e20 2049 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7273 es. Identifiers\n+00041f90: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 6e6f 6e2d containing non-\n+00041fa0: 4153 4349 4920 6d61 7920 776f 726b 2062 ASCII may work b\n+00041fb0: 7574 2061 7265 6e27 740a 7375 7070 6f72 ut aren't.suppor\n+00041fc0: 7465 642e 2020 4f6e 6c79 2074 6865 2041 ted. Only the A\n+00041fd0: 5343 4949 2073 7061 6365 2063 6861 7261 SCII space chara\n+00041fe0: 6374 6572 7320 2873 7061 6365 2055 2b30 cters (space U+0\n+00041ff0: 3032 302c 2074 6162 2055 2b30 3030 622c 020, tab U+000b,\n+00042000: 0a43 5220 552b 3030 3064 2061 6e64 204c .CR U+000d and L\n+00042010: 4620 552b 3030 3061 2920 6172 6520 7265 F U+000a) are re\n+00042020: 636f 676e 6973 6564 2e20 204f 7468 6572 cognised. Other\n+00042030: 2075 6e69 636f 6465 2073 7061 6365 2063 unicode space c\n+00042040: 6861 7261 6374 6572 730a 6172 656e 2774 haracters.aren't\n+00042050: 2061 2076 616c 6964 2066 6965 6c64 2073 a valid field s\n+00042060: 6570 6172 6174 6f72 2e20 20e2 8098 7465 eparator. ...te\n+00042070: 7374 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 6573 st... (*note tes\n+00042080: 743a 3a29 2074 6573 7473 203c 2c20 3e2c t::) tests <, >,\n+00042090: 203c 3d2c 0a3e 3d2c 202d 7067 7420 616e <=,.>=, -pgt an\n+000420a0: 6420 2d70 6c74 2063 6f6d 7061 7265 2074 d -plt compare t\n+000420b0: 6865 2073 7472 696e 6773 2069 6e20 7468 he strings in th\n+000420c0: 6520 6c65 7869 636f 6772 6170 6869 6361 e lexicographica\n+000420d0: 6c20 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 0a75 6e69 636f l order of.unico\n+000420e0: 6465 2063 6f64 6570 6f69 6e74 732c 2072 de codepoints, r\n+000420f0: 6570 6c69 6361 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2062 eplicating the b\n+00042100: 6568 6176 696f 7572 206f 6620 7465 7374 ehaviour of test\n+00042110: 2066 726f 6d20 636f 7265 7574 696c 732e from coreutils.\n+00042120: 0a65 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 .environment var\n+00042130: 6961 626c 6573 2061 6e64 2063 6f6d 6d61 iables and comma\n+00042140: 6e64 7320 6172 6520 6c69 7374 6564 2069 nds are listed i\n+00042150: 6e20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 206f 7264 6572 n the same order\n+00042160: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00042170: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2053 6563 info, Node: Sec\n+00042180: 7572 6974 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 506c urity, Next: Pl\n+00042190: 6174 666f 726d 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f atform limitatio\n+000421a0: 6e73 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e74 6572 ns, Prev: Inter\n+000421b0: 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e2c nationalisation,\n+000421c0: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3920 5365 Up: Top..19 Se\n+000421d0: 6375 7269 7479 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a curity.*********\n+000421e0: 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2041 **..* Menu:..* A\n+000421f0: 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 616e uthentication an\n+00042200: 6420 6175 7468 6f72 6973 6174 696f 6e3a d authorisation:\n+00042210: 3a20 5573 6572 7320 616e 6420 6163 6365 : Users and acce\n+00042220: 7373 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 0a2a 2055 7369 ss control.* Usi\n+00042230: 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 ng digital signa\n+00042240: 7475 7265 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 tures:: \n+00042250: 426f 6f74 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c6c Booting digitall\n+00042260: 7920 7369 676e 6564 2063 6f64 650a 2a20 y signed code.* \n+00042270: 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 UEFI secure boot\n+00042280: 2061 6e64 2073 6869 6d3a 3a20 2020 2020 and shim:: \n+00042290: 2020 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 2064 6967 6974 Booting digit\n+000422a0: 616c 6c79 2073 6967 6e65 6420 5045 2066 ally signed PE f\n+000422b0: 696c 6573 0a2a 2053 6563 7572 6520 426f iles.* Secure Bo\n+000422c0: 6f74 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 5461 7267 ot Advanced Targ\n+000422d0: 6574 696e 673a 3a20 2020 456d 6265 6464 eting:: Embedd\n+000422e0: 6564 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2066 ed information f\n+000422f0: 6f72 2067 656e 6572 6174 696f 6e20 6e75 or generation nu\n+00042300: 6d62 6572 2062 6173 6564 2072 6576 6f63 mber based revoc\n+00042310: 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 4d65 6173 7572 6564 ation.* Measured\n+00042320: 2042 6f6f 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 Boot:: \n+00042330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d 6561 7375 Measu\n+00042340: 7269 6e67 2062 6f6f 7420 636f 6d70 6f6e ring boot compon\n+00042350: 656e 7473 0a2a 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a ents.* Lockdown:\n+00042360: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+00042370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 636b 646f Lockdo\n+00042380: 776e 2077 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 wn when booting \n+00042390: 6f6e 2061 2073 6563 7572 6520 7365 7475 on a secure setu\n+000423a0: 700a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e p....File: grub.\n+000423b0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2041 7574 info, Node: Aut\n+000423c0: 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 616e 6420 hentication and \n+000423d0: 6175 7468 6f72 6973 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 authorisation, \n+000423e0: 4e65 7874 3a20 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 Next: Using digi\n+000423f0: 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2c20 tal signatures, \n+00042400: 2055 703a 2053 6563 7572 6974 790a 0a31 Up: Security..1\n+00042410: 392e 3120 4175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 9.1 Authenticati\n+00042420: 6f6e 2061 6e64 2061 7574 686f 7269 7361 on and authorisa\n+00042430: 7469 6f6e 2069 6e20 4752 5542 0a3d 3d3d tion in GRUB.===\n+00042440: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00042450: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00042460: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n-00042470: 4279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 7468 6520 By default, the \n-00042480: 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 696e 7465 boot loader inte\n-00042490: 7266 6163 6520 6973 2061 6363 6573 7369 rface is accessi\n-000424a0: 626c 6520 746f 2061 6e79 6f6e 6520 7769 ble to anyone wi\n-000424b0: 7468 0a70 6879 7369 6361 6c20 6163 6365 th.physical acce\n-000424c0: 7373 2074 6f20 7468 6520 636f 6e73 6f6c ss to the consol\n-000424d0: 653a 2061 6e79 6f6e 6520 6361 6e20 7365 e: anyone can se\n-000424e0: 6c65 6374 2061 6e64 2065 6469 7420 616e lect and edit an\n-000424f0: 7920 6d65 6e75 0a65 6e74 7279 2c20 616e y menu.entry, an\n-00042500: 6420 616e 796f 6e65 2063 616e 2067 6574 d anyone can get\n-00042510: 2064 6972 6563 7420 6163 6365 7373 2074 direct access t\n-00042520: 6f20 6120 4752 5542 2073 6865 6c6c 2070 o a GRUB shell p\n-00042530: 726f 6d70 742e 2020 466f 720a 6d6f 7374 rompt. For.most\n-00042540: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7468 6973 2069 systems, this i\n-00042550: 7320 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 6c65 2073 696e s reasonable sin\n-00042560: 6365 2061 6e79 6f6e 6520 7769 7468 2064 ce anyone with d\n-00042570: 6972 6563 7420 7068 7973 6963 616c 0a61 irect physical.a\n-00042580: 6363 6573 7320 6861 7320 6120 7661 7269 ccess has a vari\n-00042590: 6574 7920 6f66 206f 7468 6572 2077 6179 ety of other way\n-000425a0: 7320 746f 2067 6169 6e20 6675 6c6c 2061 s to gain full a\n-000425b0: 6363 6573 732c 2061 6e64 2072 6571 7569 ccess, and requi\n-000425c0: 7269 6e67 0a61 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 ring.authenticat\n-000425d0: 696f 6e20 6174 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 ion at the boot \n-000425e0: 6c6f 6164 6572 206c 6576 656c 2077 6f75 loader level wou\n-000425f0: 6c64 206f 6e6c 7920 7365 7276 6520 746f ld only serve to\n-00042600: 206d 616b 6520 6974 0a64 6966 6669 6375 make it.difficu\n-00042610: 6c74 2074 6f20 7265 636f 7665 7220 6272 lt to recover br\n-00042620: 6f6b 656e 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a20 oken systems... \n-00042630: 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 2069 6e20 736f However, in so\n-00042640: 6d65 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 732c me environments,\n-00042650: 2073 7563 6820 6173 206b 696f 736b 732c such as kiosks,\n-00042660: 2069 7420 6d61 7920 6265 2061 7070 726f it may be appro\n-00042670: 7072 6961 7465 0a74 6f20 6c6f 636b 2064 priate.to lock d\n-00042680: 6f77 6e20 7468 6520 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 own the boot loa\n-00042690: 6465 7220 746f 2072 6571 7569 7265 2061 der to require a\n-000426a0: 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 6265 uthentication be\n-000426b0: 666f 7265 2070 6572 666f 726d 696e 670a fore performing.\n-000426c0: 6365 7274 6169 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696f certain operatio\n-000426d0: 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 e280 9870 ns... The ...p\n-000426e0: 6173 7377 6f72 64e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 assword... (*not\n-000426f0: 6520 7061 7373 776f 7264 3a3a 2920 616e e password::) an\n-00042700: 6420 e280 9870 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 d ...password_pb\n-00042710: 6b64 6632 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a70 kdf2... (*note.p\n-00042720: 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 3a3a assword_pbkdf2::\n-00042730: 2920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2063 616e 2062 ) commands can b\n-00042740: 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6465 6669 6e65 e used to define\n-00042750: 2075 7365 7273 2c20 6561 6368 206f 6620 users, each of \n-00042760: 7768 6963 680a 6861 7320 616e 2061 7373 which.has an ass\n-00042770: 6f63 6961 7465 6420 7061 7373 776f 7264 ociated password\n-00042780: 2e20 20e2 8098 7061 7373 776f 7264 e280 . ...password..\n-00042790: 9920 7365 7473 2074 6865 2070 6173 7377 . sets the passw\n-000427a0: 6f72 6420 696e 2070 6c61 696e 2074 6578 ord in plain tex\n-000427b0: 742c 0a72 6571 7569 7269 6e67 20e2 8098 t,.requiring ...\n-000427c0: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 746f 2062 grub.cfg... to b\n-000427d0: 6520 7365 6375 7265 3b20 e280 9870 6173 e secure; ...pas\n-000427e0: 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 e280 9920 sword_pbkdf2... \n-000427f0: 7365 7473 2074 6865 2070 6173 7377 6f72 sets the passwor\n-00042800: 640a 6861 7368 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2074 d.hashed using t\n-00042810: 6865 2050 6173 7377 6f72 642d 4261 7365 he Password-Base\n-00042820: 6420 4b65 7920 4465 7269 7661 7469 6f6e d Key Derivation\n-00042830: 2046 756e 6374 696f 6e20 2852 4643 2032 Function (RFC 2\n-00042840: 3839 3829 2c0a 7265 7175 6972 696e 6720 898),.requiring \n-00042850: 7468 6520 7573 6520 6f66 20e2 8098 6772 the use of ...gr\n-00042860: 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 ub-mkpasswd-pbkd\n-00042870: 6632 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 f2... (*note Inv\n-00042880: 6f6b 696e 670a 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 oking.grub-mkpas\n-00042890: 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 3a3a 2920 746f swd-pbkdf2::) to\n-000428a0: 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 7061 7373 776f generate passwo\n-000428b0: 7264 2068 6173 6865 732e 0a0a 2020 2049 rd hashes... I\n-000428c0: 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f 2065 6e61 626c n order to enabl\n-000428d0: 6520 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e e authentication\n-000428e0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2c20 7468 6520 e280 support, the ..\n-000428f0: 9873 7570 6572 7573 6572 73e2 8099 0a65 .superusers....e\n-00042900: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-00042910: 626c 6520 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7365 7420 ble must be set \n-00042920: 746f 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2075 7365 to a list of use\n-00042930: 726e 616d 6573 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 rnames, separate\n-00042940: 6420 6279 0a61 6e79 206f 6620 7370 6163 d by.any of spac\n-00042950: 6573 2c20 636f 6d6d 6173 2c20 7365 6d69 es, commas, semi\n-00042960: 636f 6c6f 6e73 2c20 7069 7065 732c 206f colons, pipes, o\n-00042970: 7220 616d 7065 7273 616e 6473 2e20 2053 r ampersands. S\n-00042980: 7570 6572 7573 6572 7320 6172 650a 7065 uperusers are.pe\n-00042990: 726d 6974 7465 6420 746f 2075 7365 2074 rmitted to use t\n-000429a0: 6865 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 he GRUB command \n-000429b0: 6c69 6e65 2c20 6564 6974 206d 656e 7520 line, edit menu \n-000429c0: 656e 7472 6965 732c 2061 6e64 2065 7865 entries, and exe\n-000429d0: 6375 7465 0a61 6e79 206d 656e 7520 656e cute.any menu en\n-000429e0: 7472 792e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 7375 7065 try. If ...supe\n-000429f0: 7275 7365 7273 e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 rusers... is set\n-00042a00: 2c20 7468 656e 2075 7365 206f 6620 7468 , then use of th\n-00042a10: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 0a61 e command line.a\n-00042a20: 6e64 2065 6469 7469 6e67 206f 6620 6d65 nd editing of me\n-00042a30: 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2061 7265 2061 nu entries are a\n-00042a40: 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2072 6573 utomatically res\n-00042a50: 7472 6963 7465 6420 746f 2073 7570 6572 tricted to super\n-00042a60: 7573 6572 732e 0a53 6574 7469 6e67 20e2 users..Setting .\n-00042a70: 8098 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 e280 9920 ..superusers... \n-00042a80: 746f 2065 6d70 7479 2073 7472 696e 6720 to empty string \n-00042a90: 6566 6665 6374 6976 656c 7920 6469 7361 effectively disa\n-00042aa0: 626c 6573 2062 6f74 6820 6163 6365 7373 bles both access\n-00042ab0: 2074 6f0a 434c 4920 616e 6420 6564 6974 to.CLI and edit\n-00042ac0: 696e 6720 6f66 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 ing of menu entr\n-00042ad0: 6965 732e 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 ies. Note: The \n-00042ae0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-00042af0: 6162 6c65 206e 6565 6473 0a74 6f20 6265 able needs.to be\n-00042b00: 2065 7870 6f72 7465 6420 746f 2061 6c73 exported to als\n-00042b10: 6f20 6166 6665 6374 2074 6865 2073 6563 o affect the sec\n-00042b20: 7469 6f6e 2064 6566 696e 6564 2062 7920 tion defined by \n-00042b30: 7468 6520 e280 9873 7562 6d65 6e75 e280 the ...submenu..\n-00042b40: 990a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 ..command (*note\n-00042b50: 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 submenu::)... \n-00042b60: 204f 7468 6572 2075 7365 7273 206d 6179 Other users may\n-00042b70: 2062 6520 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 746f 2065 be allowed to e\n-00042b80: 7865 6375 7465 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 xecute specific \n-00042b90: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2062 7920 menu entries by \n-00042ba0: 6769 7669 6e67 0a61 206c 6973 7420 6f66 giving.a list of\n-00042bb0: 2075 7365 726e 616d 6573 2028 6173 2061 usernames (as a\n-00042bc0: 626f 7665 2920 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 bove) using the \n-00042bd0: e280 982d 2d75 7365 7273 e280 9920 6f70 ...--users... op\n-00042be0: 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 7468 650a e280 986d tion to the....m\n-00042bf0: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 e280 9920 636f 6d6d enuentry... comm\n-00042c00: 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206d 656e 7565 and (*note menue\n-00042c10: 6e74 7279 3a3a 292e 2020 4966 2074 6865 ntry::). If the\n-00042c20: 20e2 8098 2d2d 756e 7265 7374 7269 6374 ...--unrestrict\n-00042c30: 6564 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 0a69 7320 ed... option.is \n-00042c40: 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2061 206d 656e 7520 used for a menu \n-00042c50: 656e 7472 792c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6174 entry, then that\n-00042c60: 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7320 756e 7265 7374 entry is unrest\n-00042c70: 7269 6374 6564 2e20 2049 6620 7468 650a ricted. If the.\n-00042c80: e280 982d 2d75 7365 7273 e280 9920 6f70 ...--users... op\n-00042c90: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7573 6564 tion is not used\n-00042ca0: 2066 6f72 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 for a menu entr\n-00042cb0: 792c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6174 206f 6e6c y, then that onl\n-00042cc0: 7920 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 0a61 7265 y superusers.are\n-00042cd0: 2061 626c 6520 746f 2075 7365 2069 742e able to use it.\n-00042ce0: 0a0a 2020 2050 7574 7469 6e67 2074 6869 .. Putting thi\n-00042cf0: 7320 746f 6765 7468 6572 2c20 6120 7479 s together, a ty\n-00042d00: 7069 6361 6c20 e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 pical ...grub.cf\n-00042d10: 67e2 8099 2066 7261 676d 656e 7420 6d69 g... fragment mi\n-00042d20: 6768 7420 6c6f 6f6b 206c 696b 650a 7468 ght look like.th\n-00042d30: 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 7375 is:.. set su\n-00042d40: 7065 7275 7365 7273 3d22 726f 6f74 220a perusers=\"root\".\n-00042d50: 2020 2020 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 password_pb\n-00042d60: 6b64 6632 2072 6f6f 7420 6772 7562 2e70 kdf2 root grub.p\n-00042d70: 626b 6466 322e 7368 6135 3132 2e31 3030 bkdf2.sha512.100\n-00042d80: 3030 2e62 6967 6c6f 6e67 7374 7269 6e67 00.biglongstring\n-00042d90: 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7373 776f 7264 2075 . password u\n-00042da0: 7365 7231 2069 6e73 6563 7572 650a 0a20 ser1 insecure.. \n-00042db0: 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 224d menuentry \"M\n-00042dc0: 6179 2062 6520 7275 6e20 6279 2061 6e79 ay be run by any\n-00042dd0: 2075 7365 7222 202d 2d75 6e72 6573 7472 user\" --unrestr\n-00042de0: 6963 7465 6420 7b0a 2020 2020 2009 7365 icted {. .se\n-00042df0: 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 302c 3129 0a20 t root=(hd0,1). \n-00042e00: 2020 2020 096c 696e 7578 202f 766d 6c69 .linux /vmli\n-00042e10: 6e75 7a0a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 nuz. }.. \n-00042e20: 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 5375 7065 menuentry \"Supe\n-00042e30: 7275 7365 7273 206f 6e6c 7922 202d 2d75 rusers only\" --u\n-00042e40: 7365 7273 2022 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2009 sers \"\" {. .\n-00042e50: 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 302c 3129 set root=(hd0,1)\n-00042e60: 0a20 2020 2020 096c 696e 7578 202f 766d . .linux /vm\n-00042e70: 6c69 6e75 7a20 7369 6e67 6c65 0a20 2020 linuz single. \n-00042e80: 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e }.. menuen\n-00042e90: 7472 7920 224d 6179 2062 6520 7275 6e20 try \"May be run \n-00042ea0: 6279 2075 7365 7231 206f 7220 6120 7375 by user1 or a su\n-00042eb0: 7065 7275 7365 7222 202d 2d75 7365 7273 peruser\" --users\n-00042ec0: 2075 7365 7231 207b 0a20 2020 2020 0973 user1 {. .s\n-00042ed0: 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 2c32 290a et root=(hd0,2).\n-00042ee0: 2020 2020 2009 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 .chainloade\n-00042ef0: 7220 2b31 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 r +1. }.. \n-00042f00: 5468 6520 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f The ...grub-mkco\n-00042f10: 6e66 6967 e280 9920 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 nfig... program \n-00042f20: 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2079 6574 2068 6176 does not yet hav\n-00042f30: 6520 6275 696c 742d 696e 2073 7570 706f e built-in suppo\n-00042f40: 7274 2066 6f72 0a67 656e 6572 6174 696e rt for.generatin\n-00042f50: 6720 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 g configuration \n-00042f60: 6669 6c65 7320 7769 7468 2061 7574 6865 files with authe\n-00042f70: 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 596f 7520 ntication. You \n-00042f80: 6361 6e20 7573 650a e280 982f 6574 632f can use..../etc/\n-00042f90: 6772 7562 2e64 2f34 305f 6375 7374 6f6d grub.d/40_custom\n-00042fa0: e280 9920 746f 2061 6464 2073 696d 706c ... to add simpl\n-00042fb0: 6520 7375 7065 7275 7365 7220 6175 7468 e superuser auth\n-00042fc0: 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2c20 6279 0a61 entication, by.a\n-00042fd0: 6464 696e 6720 e280 9873 6574 2073 7570 dding ...set sup\n-00042fe0: 6572 7573 6572 733d e280 9920 616e 6420 erusers=... and \n-00042ff0: e280 9870 6173 7377 6f72 64e2 8099 206f ...password... o\n-00043000: 7220 e280 9870 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 r ...password_pb\n-00043010: 6b64 6632 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 kdf2... commands\n-00043020: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00043030: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2055 7369 info, Node: Usi\n-00043040: 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 ng digital signa\n-00043050: 7475 7265 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5545 tures, Next: UE\n-00043060: 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2061 FI secure boot a\n-00043070: 6e64 2073 6869 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 nd shim, Prev: \n-00043080: 4175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 Authentication a\n-00043090: 6e64 2061 7574 686f 7269 7361 7469 6f6e nd authorisation\n-000430a0: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 7572 6974 790a , Up: Security.\n-000430b0: 0a31 392e 3220 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 .19.2 Using digi\n-000430c0: 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2069 tal signatures i\n-000430d0: 6e20 4752 5542 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d n GRUB.=========\n+00042460: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4279 2064 ==========..By d\n+00042470: 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 7468 6520 626f 6f74 efault, the boot\n+00042480: 206c 6f61 6465 7220 696e 7465 7266 6163 loader interfac\n+00042490: 6520 6973 2061 6363 6573 7369 626c 6520 e is accessible \n+000424a0: 746f 2061 6e79 6f6e 6520 7769 7468 0a70 to anyone with.p\n+000424b0: 6879 7369 6361 6c20 6163 6365 7373 2074 hysical access t\n+000424c0: 6f20 7468 6520 636f 6e73 6f6c 653a 2061 o the console: a\n+000424d0: 6e79 6f6e 6520 6361 6e20 7365 6c65 6374 nyone can select\n+000424e0: 2061 6e64 2065 6469 7420 616e 7920 6d65 and edit any me\n+000424f0: 6e75 0a65 6e74 7279 2c20 616e 6420 616e nu.entry, and an\n+00042500: 796f 6e65 2063 616e 2067 6574 2064 6972 yone can get dir\n+00042510: 6563 7420 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 6120 ect access to a \n+00042520: 4752 5542 2073 6865 6c6c 2070 726f 6d70 GRUB shell promp\n+00042530: 742e 2020 466f 720a 6d6f 7374 2073 7973 t. For.most sys\n+00042540: 7465 6d73 2c20 7468 6973 2069 7320 7265 tems, this is re\n+00042550: 6173 6f6e 6162 6c65 2073 696e 6365 2061 asonable since a\n+00042560: 6e79 6f6e 6520 7769 7468 2064 6972 6563 nyone with direc\n+00042570: 7420 7068 7973 6963 616c 0a61 6363 6573 t physical.acces\n+00042580: 7320 6861 7320 6120 7661 7269 6574 7920 s has a variety \n+00042590: 6f66 206f 7468 6572 2077 6179 7320 746f of other ways to\n+000425a0: 2067 6169 6e20 6675 6c6c 2061 6363 6573 gain full acces\n+000425b0: 732c 2061 6e64 2072 6571 7569 7269 6e67 s, and requiring\n+000425c0: 0a61 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 .authentication \n+000425d0: 6174 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 at the boot load\n+000425e0: 6572 206c 6576 656c 2077 6f75 6c64 206f er level would o\n+000425f0: 6e6c 7920 7365 7276 6520 746f 206d 616b nly serve to mak\n+00042600: 6520 6974 0a64 6966 6669 6375 6c74 2074 e it.difficult t\n+00042610: 6f20 7265 636f 7665 7220 6272 6f6b 656e o recover broken\n+00042620: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a20 2020 486f systems... Ho\n+00042630: 7765 7665 722c 2069 6e20 736f 6d65 2065 wever, in some e\n+00042640: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 732c 2073 7563 nvironments, suc\n+00042650: 6820 6173 206b 696f 736b 732c 2069 7420 h as kiosks, it \n+00042660: 6d61 7920 6265 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 may be appropria\n+00042670: 7465 0a74 6f20 6c6f 636b 2064 6f77 6e20 te.to lock down \n+00042680: 7468 6520 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 the boot loader \n+00042690: 746f 2072 6571 7569 7265 2061 7574 6865 to require authe\n+000426a0: 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 6265 666f 7265 ntication before\n+000426b0: 2070 6572 666f 726d 696e 670a 6365 7274 performing.cert\n+000426c0: 6169 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e73 2e0a ain operations..\n+000426d0: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 e280 9870 6173 7377 . The ...passw\n+000426e0: 6f72 64e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7061 ord... (*note pa\n+000426f0: 7373 776f 7264 3a3a 2920 616e 6420 e280 ssword::) and ..\n+00042700: 9870 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 .password_pbkdf2\n+00042710: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a70 6173 7377 ... (*note.passw\n+00042720: 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 3a3a 2920 636f ord_pbkdf2::) co\n+00042730: 6d6d 616e 6473 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 mmands can be us\n+00042740: 6564 2074 6f20 6465 6669 6e65 2075 7365 ed to define use\n+00042750: 7273 2c20 6561 6368 206f 6620 7768 6963 rs, each of whic\n+00042760: 680a 6861 7320 616e 2061 7373 6f63 6961 h.has an associa\n+00042770: 7465 6420 7061 7373 776f 7264 2e20 20e2 ted password. .\n+00042780: 8098 7061 7373 776f 7264 e280 9920 7365 ..password... se\n+00042790: 7473 2074 6865 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 ts the password \n+000427a0: 696e 2070 6c61 696e 2074 6578 742c 0a72 in plain text,.r\n+000427b0: 6571 7569 7269 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 7562 equiring ...grub\n+000427c0: 2e63 6667 e280 9920 746f 2062 6520 7365 .cfg... to be se\n+000427d0: 6375 7265 3b20 e280 9870 6173 7377 6f72 cure; ...passwor\n+000427e0: 645f 7062 6b64 6632 e280 9920 7365 7473 d_pbkdf2... sets\n+000427f0: 2074 6865 2070 6173 7377 6f72 640a 6861 the password.ha\n+00042800: 7368 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2050 shed using the P\n+00042810: 6173 7377 6f72 642d 4261 7365 6420 4b65 assword-Based Ke\n+00042820: 7920 4465 7269 7661 7469 6f6e 2046 756e y Derivation Fun\n+00042830: 6374 696f 6e20 2852 4643 2032 3839 3829 ction (RFC 2898)\n+00042840: 2c0a 7265 7175 6972 696e 6720 7468 6520 ,.requiring the \n+00042850: 7573 6520 6f66 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d use of ...grub-m\n+00042860: 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 e280 kpasswd-pbkdf2..\n+00042870: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e . (*note Invokin\n+00042880: 670a 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d g.grub-mkpasswd-\n+00042890: 7062 6b64 6632 3a3a 2920 746f 2067 656e pbkdf2::) to gen\n+000428a0: 6572 6174 6520 7061 7373 776f 7264 2068 erate password h\n+000428b0: 6173 6865 732e 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 6f72 ashes... In or\n+000428c0: 6465 7220 746f 2065 6e61 626c 6520 6175 der to enable au\n+000428d0: 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2073 7570 thentication sup\n+000428e0: 706f 7274 2c20 7468 6520 e280 9873 7570 port, the ...sup\n+000428f0: 6572 7573 6572 73e2 8099 0a65 6e76 6972 erusers....envir\n+00042900: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 onment variable \n+00042910: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 2061 must be set to a\n+00042920: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2075 7365 726e 616d list of usernam\n+00042930: 6573 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 es, separated by\n+00042940: 0a61 6e79 206f 6620 7370 6163 6573 2c20 .any of spaces, \n+00042950: 636f 6d6d 6173 2c20 7365 6d69 636f 6c6f commas, semicolo\n+00042960: 6e73 2c20 7069 7065 732c 206f 7220 616d ns, pipes, or am\n+00042970: 7065 7273 616e 6473 2e20 2053 7570 6572 persands. Super\n+00042980: 7573 6572 7320 6172 650a 7065 726d 6974 users are.permit\n+00042990: 7465 6420 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2047 ted to use the G\n+000429a0: 5255 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 RUB command line\n+000429b0: 2c20 6564 6974 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 , edit menu entr\n+000429c0: 6965 732c 2061 6e64 2065 7865 6375 7465 ies, and execute\n+000429d0: 0a61 6e79 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 792e .any menu entry.\n+000429e0: 2020 4966 20e2 8098 7375 7065 7275 7365 If ...superuse\n+000429f0: 7273 e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2c20 7468 rs... is set, th\n+00042a00: 656e 2075 7365 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f en use of the co\n+00042a10: 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 0a61 6e64 2065 mmand line.and e\n+00042a20: 6469 7469 6e67 206f 6620 6d65 6e75 2065 diting of menu e\n+00042a30: 6e74 7269 6573 2061 7265 2061 7574 6f6d ntries are autom\n+00042a40: 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2072 6573 7472 6963 atically restric\n+00042a50: 7465 6420 746f 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 ted to superuser\n+00042a60: 732e 0a53 6574 7469 6e67 20e2 8098 7375 s..Setting ...su\n+00042a70: 7065 7275 7365 7273 e280 9920 746f 2065 perusers... to e\n+00042a80: 6d70 7479 2073 7472 696e 6720 6566 6665 mpty string effe\n+00042a90: 6374 6976 656c 7920 6469 7361 626c 6573 ctively disables\n+00042aa0: 2062 6f74 6820 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f0a both access to.\n+00042ab0: 434c 4920 616e 6420 6564 6974 696e 6720 CLI and editing \n+00042ac0: 6f66 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 732e of menu entries.\n+00042ad0: 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 656e 7669 Note: The envi\n+00042ae0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+00042af0: 206e 6565 6473 0a74 6f20 6265 2065 7870 needs.to be exp\n+00042b00: 6f72 7465 6420 746f 2061 6c73 6f20 6166 orted to also af\n+00042b10: 6665 6374 2074 6865 2073 6563 7469 6f6e fect the section\n+00042b20: 2064 6566 696e 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 defined by the \n+00042b30: e280 9873 7562 6d65 6e75 e280 990a 636f ...submenu....co\n+00042b40: 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 7562 mmand (*note sub\n+00042b50: 6d65 6e75 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 204f 7468 menu::)... Oth\n+00042b60: 6572 2075 7365 7273 206d 6179 2062 6520 er users may be \n+00042b70: 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 746f 2065 7865 6375 allowed to execu\n+00042b80: 7465 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 6d65 6e75 te specific menu\n+00042b90: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2062 7920 6769 7669 entries by givi\n+00042ba0: 6e67 0a61 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2075 7365 ng.a list of use\n+00042bb0: 726e 616d 6573 2028 6173 2061 626f 7665 rnames (as above\n+00042bc0: 2920 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 982d ) using the ...-\n+00042bd0: 2d75 7365 7273 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e -users... option\n+00042be0: 2074 6f20 7468 650a e280 986d 656e 7565 to the....menue\n+00042bf0: 6e74 7279 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 ntry... command \n+00042c00: 282a 6e6f 7465 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 (*note menuentry\n+00042c10: 3a3a 292e 2020 4966 2074 6865 20e2 8098 ::). If the ...\n+00042c20: 2d2d 756e 7265 7374 7269 6374 6564 e280 --unrestricted..\n+00042c30: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 0a69 7320 7573 6564 . option.is used\n+00042c40: 2066 6f72 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 for a menu entr\n+00042c50: 792c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6174 2065 6e74 y, then that ent\n+00042c60: 7279 2069 7320 756e 7265 7374 7269 6374 ry is unrestrict\n+00042c70: 6564 2e20 2049 6620 7468 650a e280 982d ed. If the....-\n+00042c80: 2d75 7365 7273 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e -users... option\n+00042c90: 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7573 6564 2066 6f72 is not used for\n+00042ca0: 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 792c 2074 a menu entry, t\n+00042cb0: 6865 6e20 7468 6174 206f 6e6c 7920 7375 hen that only su\n+00042cc0: 7065 7275 7365 7273 0a61 7265 2061 626c perusers.are abl\n+00042cd0: 6520 746f 2075 7365 2069 742e 0a0a 2020 e to use it... \n+00042ce0: 2050 7574 7469 6e67 2074 6869 7320 746f Putting this to\n+00042cf0: 6765 7468 6572 2c20 6120 7479 7069 6361 gether, a typica\n+00042d00: 6c20 e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 l ...grub.cfg...\n+00042d10: 2066 7261 676d 656e 7420 6d69 6768 7420 fragment might \n+00042d20: 6c6f 6f6b 206c 696b 650a 7468 6973 3a0a look like.this:.\n+00042d30: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 7375 7065 7275 . set superu\n+00042d40: 7365 7273 3d22 726f 6f74 220a 2020 2020 sers=\"root\". \n+00042d50: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 password_pbkdf2\n+00042d60: 2072 6f6f 7420 6772 7562 2e70 626b 6466 root grub.pbkdf\n+00042d70: 322e 7368 6135 3132 2e31 3030 3030 2e62 2.sha512.10000.b\n+00042d80: 6967 6c6f 6e67 7374 7269 6e67 0a20 2020 iglongstring. \n+00042d90: 2020 7061 7373 776f 7264 2075 7365 7231 password user1\n+00042da0: 2069 6e73 6563 7572 650a 0a20 2020 2020 insecure.. \n+00042db0: 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 224d 6179 2062 menuentry \"May b\n+00042dc0: 6520 7275 6e20 6279 2061 6e79 2075 7365 e run by any use\n+00042dd0: 7222 202d 2d75 6e72 6573 7472 6963 7465 r\" --unrestricte\n+00042de0: 6420 7b0a 2020 2020 2009 7365 7420 726f d {. .set ro\n+00042df0: 6f74 3d28 6864 302c 3129 0a20 2020 2020 ot=(hd0,1). \n+00042e00: 096c 696e 7578 202f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a0a .linux /vmlinuz.\n+00042e10: 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e }.. men\n+00042e20: 7565 6e74 7279 2022 5375 7065 7275 7365 uentry \"Superuse\n+00042e30: 7273 206f 6e6c 7922 202d 2d75 7365 7273 rs only\" --users\n+00042e40: 2022 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2009 7365 7420 \"\" {. .set \n+00042e50: 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 302c 3129 0a20 2020 root=(hd0,1). \n+00042e60: 2020 096c 696e 7578 202f 766d 6c69 6e75 .linux /vmlinu\n+00042e70: 7a20 7369 6e67 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a z single. }.\n+00042e80: 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 . menuentry \n+00042e90: 224d 6179 2062 6520 7275 6e20 6279 2075 \"May be run by u\n+00042ea0: 7365 7231 206f 7220 6120 7375 7065 7275 ser1 or a superu\n+00042eb0: 7365 7222 202d 2d75 7365 7273 2075 7365 ser\" --users use\n+00042ec0: 7231 207b 0a20 2020 2020 0973 6574 2072 r1 {. .set r\n+00042ed0: 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 2c32 290a 2020 2020 oot=(hd0,2). \n+00042ee0: 2009 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2b31 .chainloader +1\n+00042ef0: 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 . }.. The \n+00042f00: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ...grub-mkconfig\n+00042f10: e280 9920 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 646f 6573 ... program does\n+00042f20: 206e 6f74 2079 6574 2068 6176 6520 6275 not yet have bu\n+00042f30: 696c 742d 696e 2073 7570 706f 7274 2066 ilt-in support f\n+00042f40: 6f72 0a67 656e 6572 6174 696e 6720 636f or.generating co\n+00042f50: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n+00042f60: 7320 7769 7468 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 s with authentic\n+00042f70: 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 ation. You can \n+00042f80: 7573 650a e280 982f 6574 632f 6772 7562 use..../etc/grub\n+00042f90: 2e64 2f34 305f 6375 7374 6f6d e280 9920 .d/40_custom... \n+00042fa0: 746f 2061 6464 2073 696d 706c 6520 7375 to add simple su\n+00042fb0: 7065 7275 7365 7220 6175 7468 656e 7469 peruser authenti\n+00042fc0: 6361 7469 6f6e 2c20 6279 0a61 6464 696e cation, by.addin\n+00042fd0: 6720 e280 9873 6574 2073 7570 6572 7573 g ...set superus\n+00042fe0: 6572 733d e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9870 ers=... and ...p\n+00042ff0: 6173 7377 6f72 64e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 assword... or ..\n+00043000: 9870 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 .password_pbkdf2\n+00043010: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2e0a 0a1f ... commands....\n+00043020: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00043030: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2055 7369 6e67 2064 , Node: Using d\n+00043040: 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 igital signature\n+00043050: 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5545 4649 2073 s, Next: UEFI s\n+00043060: 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 ecure boot and s\n+00043070: 6869 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4175 7468 him, Prev: Auth\n+00043080: 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 2061 entication and a\n+00043090: 7574 686f 7269 7361 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 uthorisation, U\n+000430a0: 703a 2053 6563 7572 6974 790a 0a31 392e p: Security..19.\n+000430b0: 3220 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 2 Using digital \n+000430c0: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2069 6e20 4752 signatures in GR\n+000430d0: 5542 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d UB.=============\n 000430e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000430f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 ============..GR\n-00043100: 5542 2773 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 UB's ...core.img\n-00043110: e280 9920 6361 6e20 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c ... can optional\n-00043120: 6c79 2070 726f 7669 6465 2065 6e66 6f72 ly provide enfor\n-00043130: 6365 6d65 6e74 2074 6861 7420 616c 6c20 cement that all \n-00043140: 6669 6c65 730a 7375 6273 6571 7565 6e74 files.subsequent\n-00043150: 6c79 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2064 6973 ly read from dis\n-00043160: 6b20 6172 6520 636f 7665 7265 6420 6279 k are covered by\n-00043170: 2061 2076 616c 6964 2064 6967 6974 616c a valid digital\n-00043180: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2e0a 5468 6973 signature..This\n-00043190: 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7420 646f 6573 202a document does *\n-000431a0: 6e6f 742a 2063 6f76 6572 2068 6f77 2074 not* cover how t\n-000431b0: 6f20 656e 7375 7265 2074 6861 7420 796f o ensure that yo\n-000431c0: 7572 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d27 730a 6669 ur platform's.fi\n-000431d0: 726d 7761 7265 2028 652e 672e 2c20 436f rmware (e.g., Co\n-000431e0: 7265 626f 6f74 2920 7661 6c69 6461 7465 reboot) validate\n-000431f0: 7320 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 s ...core.img...\n-00043200: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e ... If environ\n-00043210: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 ment variable ..\n-00043220: 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 .check_signature\n-00043230: 73e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6368 6563 s... (*note chec\n-00043240: 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 290a k_signatures::).\n-00043250: 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9865 6e66 is set to ...enf\n-00043260: 6f72 6365 e280 992c 2074 6865 6e20 6576 orce..., then ev\n-00043270: 6572 7920 6174 7465 6d70 7420 6279 2074 ery attempt by t\n-00043280: 6865 2047 5255 4220 e280 9863 6f72 652e he GRUB ...core.\n-00043290: 696d 67e2 8099 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 0a61 img... to load.a\n-000432a0: 6e6f 7468 6572 2066 696c 6520 e280 9866 nother file ...f\n-000432b0: 6f6f e280 9920 696d 706c 6963 6974 6c79 oo... implicitly\n-000432c0: 2069 6e76 6f6b 6573 20e2 8098 7665 7269 invokes ...veri\n-000432d0: 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 6420 666f 6f20 fy_detached foo \n-000432e0: 666f 6f2e 7369 67e2 8099 0a28 2a6e 6f74 foo.sig....(*not\n-000432f0: 6520 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 e verify_detache\n-00043300: 643a 3a29 2e20 20e2 8098 666f 6f2e 7369 d::). ...foo.si\n-00043310: 67e2 8099 206d 7573 7420 636f 6e74 6169 g... must contai\n-00043320: 6e20 6120 7661 6c69 6420 6469 6769 7461 n a valid digita\n-00043330: 6c0a 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 6f76 6572 l.signature over\n-00043340: 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 the contents of\n-00043350: 20e2 8098 666f 6fe2 8099 2c20 7768 6963 ...foo..., whic\n-00043360: 6820 6361 6e20 6265 2076 6572 6966 6965 h can be verifie\n-00043370: 6420 7769 7468 2061 0a70 7562 6c69 6320 d with a.public \n-00043380: 6b65 7920 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 7472 key currently tr\n-00043390: 7573 7465 6420 6279 2047 5255 4220 282a usted by GRUB (*\n-000433a0: 6e6f 7465 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 note list_truste\n-000433b0: 643a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 0a74 7275 7374 d::, *note.trust\n-000433c0: 3a3a 2c20 616e 6420 2a6e 6f74 6520 6469 ::, and *note di\n-000433d0: 7374 7275 7374 3a3a 292e 2020 4966 2076 strust::). If v\n-000433e0: 616c 6964 6174 696f 6e20 6661 696c 732c alidation fails,\n-000433f0: 2074 6865 6e20 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 666f then file ...fo\n-00043400: 6fe2 8099 0a63 616e 6e6f 7420 6265 206f o....cannot be o\n-00043410: 7065 6e65 642e 2020 5468 6973 2066 6169 pened. This fai\n-00043420: 6c75 7265 206d 6179 2068 616c 7420 6f72 lure may halt or\n-00043430: 206f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2069 6d70 6163 otherwise impac\n-00043440: 7420 7468 6520 626f 6f74 0a70 726f 6365 t the boot.proce\n-00043450: 7373 2e0a 0a20 2020 416e 2069 6e69 7469 ss... An initi\n-00043460: 616c 2074 7275 7374 6564 2070 7562 6c69 al trusted publi\n-00043470: 6320 6b65 7920 6361 6e20 6265 2065 6d62 c key can be emb\n-00043480: 6564 6465 6420 7769 7468 696e 2074 6865 edded within the\n-00043490: 2047 5255 420a e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d GRUB....core.im\n-000434a0: 67e2 8099 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 g... using the .\n-000434b0: 8098 2d2d 7075 626b 6579 e280 9920 6f70 ..--pubkey... op\n-000434c0: 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 e280 9867 7275 622d tion to ...grub-\n-000434d0: 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 install... (*not\n-000434e0: 6520 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 0a67 7275 622d e Invoking.grub-\n-000434f0: 696e 7374 616c 6c3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 install::)... \n-00043500: 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 4750 472d 7374 GRUB uses GPG-st\n-00043510: 796c 6520 6465 7461 6368 6564 2073 6967 yle detached sig\n-00043520: 6e61 7475 7265 7320 286d 6561 6e69 6e67 natures (meaning\n-00043530: 2074 6861 7420 6120 6669 6c65 0ae2 8098 that a file....\n-00043540: 666f 6f2e 7369 67e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 foo.sig... will \n-00043550: 6265 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 7768 656e be produced when\n-00043560: 2066 696c 6520 e280 9866 6f6f e280 9920 file ...foo... \n-00043570: 6973 2073 6967 6e65 6429 2c20 616e 6420 is signed), and \n-00043580: 6375 7272 656e 746c 790a 7375 7070 6f72 currently.suppor\n-00043590: 7473 2074 6865 2044 5341 2061 6e64 2052 ts the DSA and R\n-000435a0: 5341 2073 6967 6e69 6e67 2061 6c67 6f72 SA signing algor\n-000435b0: 6974 686d 732e 2020 4120 7369 676e 696e ithms. A signin\n-000435c0: 6720 6b65 7920 6361 6e20 6265 0a67 656e g key can be.gen\n-000435d0: 6572 6174 6564 2061 7320 666f 6c6c 6f77 erated as follow\n-000435e0: 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7067 202d 2d67 s:.. gpg --g\n-000435f0: 656e 2d6b 6579 0a0a 2020 2041 6e20 696e en-key.. An in\n-00043600: 6469 7669 6475 616c 2066 696c 6520 6361 dividual file ca\n-00043610: 6e20 6265 2073 6967 6e65 6420 6173 2066 n be signed as f\n-00043620: 6f6c 6c6f 7773 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6770 ollows:.. gp\n-00043630: 6720 2d2d 6465 7461 6368 2d73 6967 6e20 g --detach-sign \n-00043640: 2f70 6174 682f 746f 2f66 696c 650a 0a20 /path/to/file.. \n-00043650: 2020 466f 7220 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c For successful\n-00043660: 2076 616c 6964 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2061 validation of a\n-00043670: 6c6c 206f 6620 4752 5542 2773 2073 7562 ll of GRUB's sub\n-00043680: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2061 6e64 2074 components and t\n-00043690: 6865 0a6c 6f61 6465 6420 4f53 206b 6572 he.loaded OS ker\n-000436a0: 6e65 6c2c 2074 6865 7920 6d75 7374 2061 nel, they must a\n-000436b0: 6c6c 2062 6520 7369 676e 6564 2e20 204f ll be signed. O\n-000436c0: 6e65 2077 6179 2074 6f20 6163 636f 6d70 ne way to accomp\n-000436d0: 6c69 7368 2074 6869 730a 6973 2074 6865 lish this.is the\n-000436e0: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2028 6166 7465 following (afte\n-000436f0: 7220 6861 7669 6e67 2061 6c72 6561 6479 r having already\n-00043700: 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 7468 6520 6465 produced the de\n-00043710: 7369 7265 6420 e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 sired ...grub.cf\n-00043720: 67e2 8099 0a66 696c 652c 2065 2e67 2e2c g....file, e.g.,\n-00043730: 2062 7920 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 e280 9867 by running ...g\n-00043740: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 rub-mkconfig... \n-00043750: 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 (*note Invoking \n-00043760: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 673a 3a29 grub-mkconfig::)\n-00043770: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 4564 6974 202f :.. # Edit /\n-00043780: 6465 762f 7368 6d2f 7061 7373 7068 7261 dev/shm/passphra\n-00043790: 7365 2e74 7874 2074 6f20 636f 6e74 6169 se.txt to contai\n-000437a0: 6e20 796f 7572 2073 6967 6e69 6e67 206b n your signing k\n-000437b0: 6579 2773 2070 6173 7370 6872 6173 650a ey's passphrase.\n-000437c0: 2020 2020 2066 6f72 2069 2069 6e20 6066 for i in `f\n-000437d0: 696e 6420 2f62 6f6f 7420 2d6e 616d 6520 ind /boot -name \n-000437e0: 222a 2e63 6667 2220 2d6f 7220 2d6e 616d \"*.cfg\" -or -nam\n-000437f0: 6520 222a 2e6c 7374 2220 2d6f 7220 5c0a e \"*.lst\" -or \\.\n-00043800: 2020 2020 2020 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 2a2e -name \"*.\n-00043810: 6d6f 6422 202d 6f72 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 mod\" -or -name \"\n-00043820: 766d 6c69 6e75 7a2a 2220 2d6f 7220 2d6e vmlinuz*\" -or -n\n-00043830: 616d 6520 2269 6e69 7472 642a 2220 2d6f ame \"initrd*\" -o\n-00043840: 7220 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 202d 6e61 6d65 r \\. -name\n-00043850: 2022 6772 7562 656e 7622 603b 0a20 2020 \"grubenv\"`;. \n-00043860: 2020 646f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 6770 6720 do. gpg \n-00043870: 2d2d 6261 7463 6820 2d2d 6465 7461 6368 --batch --detach\n-00043880: 2d73 6967 6e20 2d2d 7061 7373 7068 7261 -sign --passphra\n-00043890: 7365 2d66 6420 3020 2469 203c 205c 0a20 se-fd 0 $i < \\. \n-000438a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2f64 6576 2f73 686d /dev/shm\n-000438b0: 2f70 6173 7370 6872 6173 652e 7478 740a /passphrase.txt.\n-000438c0: 2020 2020 2064 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2073 done. s\n-000438d0: 6872 6564 202f 6465 762f 7368 6d2f 7061 hred /dev/shm/pa\n-000438e0: 7373 7068 7261 7365 2e74 7874 0a0a 2020 ssphrase.txt.. \n-000438f0: 2053 6565 2061 6c73 6f3a 202a 6e6f 7465 See also: *note\n-00043900: 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 check_signature\n-00043910: 733a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 2076 6572 6966 s::, *note verif\n-00043920: 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 3a3a 2c20 2a6e y_detached::, *n\n-00043930: 6f74 650a 7472 7573 743a 3a2c 202a 6e6f ote.trust::, *no\n-00043940: 7465 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 643a te list_trusted:\n-00043950: 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 2064 6973 7472 7573 :, *note distrus\n-00043960: 743a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 206c 6f61 645f t::, *note load_\n-00043970: 656e 763a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 0a73 6176 env::, *note.sav\n-00043980: 655f 656e 763a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 e_env::... Not\n-00043990: 6520 7468 6174 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 6c6c e that internall\n-000439a0: 7920 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 656e 666f y signature enfo\n-000439b0: 7263 656d 656e 7420 6973 2063 6f6e 7472 rcement is contr\n-000439c0: 6f6c 6c65 6420 6279 2073 6574 7469 6e67 olled by setting\n-000439d0: 0a74 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 .the environment\n-000439e0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 9863 6865 variable ...che\n-000439f0: 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 8099 ck_signatures...\n-00043a00: 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 e280 9865 6e66 equal to ...enf\n-00043a10: 6f72 6365 e280 992e 2020 5061 7373 696e orce.... Passin\n-00043a20: 670a 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 e280 g.one or more ..\n-00043a30: 982d 2d70 7562 6b65 79e2 8099 206f 7074 .--pubkey... opt\n-00043a40: 696f 6e73 2074 6f20 e280 9867 7275 622d ions to ...grub-\n-00043a50: 6d6b 696d 6167 65e2 8099 2069 6d70 6c69 mkimage... impli\n-00043a60: 6369 746c 7920 6465 6669 6e65 730a e280 citly defines...\n-00043a70: 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 .check_signature\n-00043a80: 73e2 8099 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 e280 s... equal to ..\n-00043a90: 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 9920 696e 20e2 .enforce... in .\n-00043aa0: 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 7072 ..core.img... pr\n-00043ab0: 696f 7220 746f 2070 726f 6365 7373 696e ior to processin\n-00043ac0: 670a 616e 7920 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 g.any configurat\n-00043ad0: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 204e ion files... N\n-00043ae0: 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2073 6967 6e61 7475 ote that signatu\n-00043af0: 7265 2063 6865 636b 696e 6720 646f 6573 re checking does\n-00043b00: 202a 6e6f 742a 2070 7265 7665 6e74 2061 *not* prevent a\n-00043b10: 6e20 6174 7461 636b 6572 2077 6974 680a n attacker with.\n-00043b20: 2873 6572 6961 6c2c 2070 6879 7369 6361 (serial, physica\n-00043b30: 6c2c 202e 2e2e 2920 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 l, ...) console\n-00043b40: 2061 6363 6573 7320 6672 6f6d 2064 726f access from dro\n-00043b50: 7070 696e 6720 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 2074 pping manually t\n-00043b60: 6f20 7468 650a 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 736f o the.GRUB conso\n-00043b70: 6c65 2061 6e64 2065 7865 6375 7469 6e67 le and executing\n-00043b80: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 6368 6563 :.. set chec\n-00043b90: 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3d6e 6f0a k_signatures=no.\n-00043ba0: 0a20 2020 546f 2070 7265 7665 6e74 2074 . To prevent t\n-00043bb0: 6869 732c 2070 6173 7377 6f72 642d 7072 his, password-pr\n-00043bc0: 6f74 6563 7469 6f6e 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 otection (*note \n-00043bd0: 4175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 Authentication a\n-00043be0: 6e64 0a61 7574 686f 7269 7361 7469 6f6e nd.authorisation\n-00043bf0: 3a3a 2920 6973 2065 7373 656e 7469 616c ::) is essential\n-00043c00: 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2065 7665 . Note that eve\n-00043c10: 6e20 7769 7468 2047 5255 4220 7061 7373 n with GRUB pass\n-00043c20: 776f 7264 0a70 726f 7465 6374 696f 6e2c word.protection,\n-00043c30: 2047 5255 4220 6974 7365 6c66 2063 616e GRUB itself can\n-00043c40: 6e6f 7420 7072 6576 656e 7420 736f 6d65 not prevent some\n-00043c50: 6f6e 6520 7769 7468 2070 6879 7369 6361 one with physica\n-00043c60: 6c20 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f0a 7468 6520 l access to.the \n-00043c70: 6d61 6368 696e 6520 6672 6f6d 2061 6c74 machine from alt\n-00043c80: 6572 696e 6720 7468 6174 206d 6163 6869 ering that machi\n-00043c90: 6e65 2773 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 2865 ne's firmware (e\n-00043ca0: 2e67 2e2c 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 6f72 .g., Coreboot or\n-00043cb0: 0a42 494f 5329 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 .BIOS) configura\n-00043cc0: 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 6361 7573 6520 7468 tion to cause th\n-00043cd0: 6520 6d61 6368 696e 6520 746f 2062 6f6f e machine to boo\n-00043ce0: 7420 6672 6f6d 2061 2064 6966 6665 7265 t from a differe\n-00043cf0: 6e74 0a28 6174 7461 636b 6572 2d63 6f6e nt.(attacker-con\n-00043d00: 7472 6f6c 6c65 6429 2064 6576 6963 652e trolled) device.\n-00043d10: 2020 4752 5542 2069 7320 6174 2062 6573 GRUB is at bes\n-00043d20: 7420 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e65 206c 696e 6b20 t only one link \n-00043d30: 696e 2061 2073 6563 7572 650a 626f 6f74 in a secure.boot\n-00043d40: 2063 6861 696e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a chain.....File:\n-00043d50: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00043d60: 653a 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 e: UEFI secure b\n-00043d70: 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7368 696d 2c20 204e oot and shim, N\n-00043d80: 6578 743a 2053 6563 7572 6520 426f 6f74 ext: Secure Boot\n-00043d90: 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 5461 7267 6574 Advanced Target\n-00043da0: 696e 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5573 696e ing, Prev: Usin\n-00043db0: 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 g digital signat\n-00043dc0: 7572 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 7572 ures, Up: Secur\n-00043dd0: 6974 790a 0a31 392e 3320 5545 4649 2073 ity..19.3 UEFI s\n-00043de0: 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 ecure boot and s\n-00043df0: 6869 6d20 7375 7070 6f72 740a 3d3d 3d3d him support.====\n+000430f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2773 ========..GRUB's\n+00043100: 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 ...core.img... \n+00043110: 6361 6e20 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2070 can optionally p\n+00043120: 726f 7669 6465 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 6d65 rovide enforceme\n+00043130: 6e74 2074 6861 7420 616c 6c20 6669 6c65 nt that all file\n+00043140: 730a 7375 6273 6571 7565 6e74 6c79 2072 s.subsequently r\n+00043150: 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2064 6973 6b20 6172 ead from disk ar\n+00043160: 6520 636f 7665 7265 6420 6279 2061 2076 e covered by a v\n+00043170: 616c 6964 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 alid digital sig\n+00043180: 6e61 7475 7265 2e0a 5468 6973 2064 6f63 nature..This doc\n+00043190: 756d 656e 7420 646f 6573 202a 6e6f 742a ument does *not*\n+000431a0: 2063 6f76 6572 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 656e cover how to en\n+000431b0: 7375 7265 2074 6861 7420 796f 7572 2070 sure that your p\n+000431c0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d27 730a 6669 726d 7761 latform's.firmwa\n+000431d0: 7265 2028 652e 672e 2c20 436f 7265 626f re (e.g., Corebo\n+000431e0: 6f74 2920 7661 6c69 6461 7465 7320 e280 ot) validates ..\n+000431f0: 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 .core.img...... \n+00043200: 2020 4966 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 If environment\n+00043210: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 9863 6865 variable ...che\n+00043220: 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 8099 ck_signatures...\n+00043230: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 (*note check_si\n+00043240: 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 290a 6973 2073 gnatures::).is s\n+00043250: 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 et to ...enforce\n+00043260: e280 992c 2074 6865 6e20 6576 6572 7920 ..., then every \n+00043270: 6174 7465 6d70 7420 6279 2074 6865 2047 attempt by the G\n+00043280: 5255 4220 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 RUB ...core.img.\n+00043290: 8099 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 0a61 6e6f 7468 .. to load.anoth\n+000432a0: 6572 2066 696c 6520 e280 9866 6f6f e280 er file ...foo..\n+000432b0: 9920 696d 706c 6963 6974 6c79 2069 6e76 . implicitly inv\n+000432c0: 6f6b 6573 20e2 8098 7665 7269 6679 5f64 okes ...verify_d\n+000432d0: 6574 6163 6865 6420 666f 6f20 666f 6f2e etached foo foo.\n+000432e0: 7369 67e2 8099 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 7665 sig....(*note ve\n+000432f0: 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 643a 3a29 rify_detached::)\n+00043300: 2e20 20e2 8098 666f 6f2e 7369 67e2 8099 . ...foo.sig...\n+00043310: 206d 7573 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 6120 must contain a \n+00043320: 7661 6c69 6420 6469 6769 7461 6c0a 7369 valid digital.si\n+00043330: 676e 6174 7572 6520 6f76 6572 2074 6865 gnature over the\n+00043340: 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 20e2 8098 contents of ...\n+00043350: 666f 6fe2 8099 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6361 foo..., which ca\n+00043360: 6e20 6265 2076 6572 6966 6965 6420 7769 n be verified wi\n+00043370: 7468 2061 0a70 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7920 th a.public key \n+00043380: 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 7472 7573 7465 currently truste\n+00043390: 6420 6279 2047 5255 4220 282a 6e6f 7465 d by GRUB (*note\n+000433a0: 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 643a 3a2c list_trusted::,\n+000433b0: 202a 6e6f 7465 0a74 7275 7374 3a3a 2c20 *note.trust::, \n+000433c0: 616e 6420 2a6e 6f74 6520 6469 7374 7275 and *note distru\n+000433d0: 7374 3a3a 292e 2020 4966 2076 616c 6964 st::). If valid\n+000433e0: 6174 696f 6e20 6661 696c 732c 2074 6865 ation fails, the\n+000433f0: 6e20 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 666f 6fe2 8099 n file ...foo...\n+00043400: 0a63 616e 6e6f 7420 6265 206f 7065 6e65 .cannot be opene\n+00043410: 642e 2020 5468 6973 2066 6169 6c75 7265 d. This failure\n+00043420: 206d 6179 2068 616c 7420 6f72 206f 7468 may halt or oth\n+00043430: 6572 7769 7365 2069 6d70 6163 7420 7468 erwise impact th\n+00043440: 6520 626f 6f74 0a70 726f 6365 7373 2e0a e boot.process..\n+00043450: 0a20 2020 416e 2069 6e69 7469 616c 2074 . An initial t\n+00043460: 7275 7374 6564 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 rusted public ke\n+00043470: 7920 6361 6e20 6265 2065 6d62 6564 6465 y can be embedde\n+00043480: 6420 7769 7468 696e 2074 6865 2047 5255 d within the GRU\n+00043490: 420a e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 B....core.img...\n+000434a0: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d using the ...--\n+000434b0: 7075 626b 6579 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e pubkey... option\n+000434c0: 2074 6f20 e280 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 to ...grub-inst\n+000434d0: 616c 6ce2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e all... (*note In\n+000434e0: 766f 6b69 6e67 0a67 7275 622d 696e 7374 voking.grub-inst\n+000434f0: 616c 6c3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 4752 5542 all::)... GRUB\n+00043500: 2075 7365 7320 4750 472d 7374 796c 6520 uses GPG-style \n+00043510: 6465 7461 6368 6564 2073 6967 6e61 7475 detached signatu\n+00043520: 7265 7320 286d 6561 6e69 6e67 2074 6861 res (meaning tha\n+00043530: 7420 6120 6669 6c65 0ae2 8098 666f 6f2e t a file....foo.\n+00043540: 7369 67e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2070 sig... will be p\n+00043550: 726f 6475 6365 6420 7768 656e 2066 696c roduced when fil\n+00043560: 6520 e280 9866 6f6f e280 9920 6973 2073 e ...foo... is s\n+00043570: 6967 6e65 6429 2c20 616e 6420 6375 7272 igned), and curr\n+00043580: 656e 746c 790a 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2074 ently.supports t\n+00043590: 6865 2044 5341 2061 6e64 2052 5341 2073 he DSA and RSA s\n+000435a0: 6967 6e69 6e67 2061 6c67 6f72 6974 686d igning algorithm\n+000435b0: 732e 2020 4120 7369 676e 696e 6720 6b65 s. A signing ke\n+000435c0: 7920 6361 6e20 6265 0a67 656e 6572 6174 y can be.generat\n+000435d0: 6564 2061 7320 666f 6c6c 6f77 733a 0a0a ed as follows:..\n+000435e0: 2020 2020 2067 7067 202d 2d67 656e 2d6b gpg --gen-k\n+000435f0: 6579 0a0a 2020 2041 6e20 696e 6469 7669 ey.. An indivi\n+00043600: 6475 616c 2066 696c 6520 6361 6e20 6265 dual file can be\n+00043610: 2073 6967 6e65 6420 6173 2066 6f6c 6c6f signed as follo\n+00043620: 7773 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6770 6720 2d2d ws:.. gpg --\n+00043630: 6465 7461 6368 2d73 6967 6e20 2f70 6174 detach-sign /pat\n+00043640: 682f 746f 2f66 696c 650a 0a20 2020 466f h/to/file.. Fo\n+00043650: 7220 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c 2076 616c r successful val\n+00043660: 6964 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2061 6c6c 206f idation of all o\n+00043670: 6620 4752 5542 2773 2073 7562 636f 6d70 f GRUB's subcomp\n+00043680: 6f6e 656e 7473 2061 6e64 2074 6865 0a6c onents and the.l\n+00043690: 6f61 6465 6420 4f53 206b 6572 6e65 6c2c oaded OS kernel,\n+000436a0: 2074 6865 7920 6d75 7374 2061 6c6c 2062 they must all b\n+000436b0: 6520 7369 676e 6564 2e20 204f 6e65 2077 e signed. One w\n+000436c0: 6179 2074 6f20 6163 636f 6d70 6c69 7368 ay to accomplish\n+000436d0: 2074 6869 730a 6973 2074 6865 2066 6f6c this.is the fol\n+000436e0: 6c6f 7769 6e67 2028 6166 7465 7220 6861 lowing (after ha\n+000436f0: 7669 6e67 2061 6c72 6561 6479 2070 726f ving already pro\n+00043700: 6475 6365 6420 7468 6520 6465 7369 7265 duced the desire\n+00043710: 6420 e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 d ...grub.cfg...\n+00043720: 0a66 696c 652c 2065 2e67 2e2c 2062 7920 .file, e.g., by \n+00043730: 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 e280 9867 7275 622d running ...grub-\n+00043740: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 282a 6e6f mkconfig... (*no\n+00043750: 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 te Invoking grub\n+00043760: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 673a 3a29 3a0a 0a20 -mkconfig::):.. \n+00043770: 2020 2020 2320 4564 6974 202f 6465 762f # Edit /dev/\n+00043780: 7368 6d2f 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 2e74 shm/passphrase.t\n+00043790: 7874 2074 6f20 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 796f xt to contain yo\n+000437a0: 7572 2073 6967 6e69 6e67 206b 6579 2773 ur signing key's\n+000437b0: 2070 6173 7370 6872 6173 650a 2020 2020 passphrase. \n+000437c0: 2066 6f72 2069 2069 6e20 6066 696e 6420 for i in `find \n+000437d0: 2f62 6f6f 7420 2d6e 616d 6520 222a 2e63 /boot -name \"*.c\n+000437e0: 6667 2220 2d6f 7220 2d6e 616d 6520 222a fg\" -or -name \"*\n+000437f0: 2e6c 7374 2220 2d6f 7220 5c0a 2020 2020 .lst\" -or \\. \n+00043800: 2020 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 2a2e 6d6f 6422 -name \"*.mod\"\n+00043810: 202d 6f72 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 766d 6c69 -or -name \"vmli\n+00043820: 6e75 7a2a 2220 2d6f 7220 2d6e 616d 6520 nuz*\" -or -name \n+00043830: 2269 6e69 7472 642a 2220 2d6f 7220 5c0a \"initrd*\" -or \\.\n+00043840: 2020 2020 2020 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 6772 -name \"gr\n+00043850: 7562 656e 7622 603b 0a20 2020 2020 646f ubenv\"`;. do\n+00043860: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 6770 6720 2d2d 6261 . gpg --ba\n+00043870: 7463 6820 2d2d 6465 7461 6368 2d73 6967 tch --detach-sig\n+00043880: 6e20 2d2d 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 2d66 n --passphrase-f\n+00043890: 6420 3020 2469 203c 205c 0a20 2020 2020 d 0 $i < \\. \n+000438a0: 2020 2020 2f64 6576 2f73 686d 2f70 6173 /dev/shm/pas\n+000438b0: 7370 6872 6173 652e 7478 740a 2020 2020 sphrase.txt. \n+000438c0: 2064 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2073 6872 6564 done. shred\n+000438d0: 202f 6465 762f 7368 6d2f 7061 7373 7068 /dev/shm/passph\n+000438e0: 7261 7365 2e74 7874 0a0a 2020 2053 6565 rase.txt.. See\n+000438f0: 2061 6c73 6f3a 202a 6e6f 7465 2063 6865 also: *note che\n+00043900: 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a2c ck_signatures::,\n+00043910: 202a 6e6f 7465 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 *note verify_de\n+00043920: 7461 6368 6564 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 650a tached::, *note.\n+00043930: 7472 7573 743a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 206c trust::, *note l\n+00043940: 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 643a 3a2c 202a ist_trusted::, *\n+00043950: 6e6f 7465 2064 6973 7472 7573 743a 3a2c note distrust::,\n+00043960: 202a 6e6f 7465 206c 6f61 645f 656e 763a *note load_env:\n+00043970: 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 0a73 6176 655f 656e :, *note.save_en\n+00043980: 763a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 6520 7468 v::... Note th\n+00043990: 6174 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 6c6c 7920 7369 at internally si\n+000439a0: 676e 6174 7572 6520 656e 666f 7263 656d gnature enforcem\n+000439b0: 656e 7420 6973 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 6c65 ent is controlle\n+000439c0: 6420 6279 2073 6574 7469 6e67 0a74 6865 d by setting.the\n+000439d0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+000439e0: 6961 626c 6520 e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 iable ...check_s\n+000439f0: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2065 7175 ignatures... equ\n+00043a00: 616c 2074 6f20 e280 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 al to ...enforce\n+00043a10: e280 992e 2020 5061 7373 696e 670a 6f6e .... Passing.on\n+00043a20: 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 e280 982d 2d70 e or more ...--p\n+00043a30: 7562 6b65 79e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e73 ubkey... options\n+00043a40: 2074 6f20 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 696d to ...grub-mkim\n+00043a50: 6167 65e2 8099 2069 6d70 6c69 6369 746c age... implicitl\n+00043a60: 7920 6465 6669 6e65 730a e280 9863 6865 y defines....che\n+00043a70: 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 8099 ck_signatures...\n+00043a80: 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 e280 9865 6e66 equal to ...enf\n+00043a90: 6f72 6365 e280 9920 696e 20e2 8098 636f orce... in ...co\n+00043aa0: 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 7072 696f 7220 re.img... prior \n+00043ab0: 746f 2070 726f 6365 7373 696e 670a 616e to processing.an\n+00043ac0: 7920 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 y configuration \n+00043ad0: 6669 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 6520 files... Note \n+00043ae0: 7468 6174 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2063 that signature c\n+00043af0: 6865 636b 696e 6720 646f 6573 202a 6e6f hecking does *no\n+00043b00: 742a 2070 7265 7665 6e74 2061 6e20 6174 t* prevent an at\n+00043b10: 7461 636b 6572 2077 6974 680a 2873 6572 tacker with.(ser\n+00043b20: 6961 6c2c 2070 6879 7369 6361 6c2c 202e ial, physical, .\n+00043b30: 2e2e 2920 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2061 6363 ..) console acc\n+00043b40: 6573 7320 6672 6f6d 2064 726f 7070 696e ess from droppin\n+00043b50: 6720 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 2074 6f20 7468 g manually to th\n+00043b60: 650a 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2061 e.GRUB console a\n+00043b70: 6e64 2065 7865 6375 7469 6e67 3a0a 0a20 nd executing:.. \n+00043b80: 2020 2020 7365 7420 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 set check_si\n+00043b90: 676e 6174 7572 6573 3d6e 6f0a 0a20 2020 gnatures=no.. \n+00043ba0: 546f 2070 7265 7665 6e74 2074 6869 732c To prevent this,\n+00043bb0: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 642d 7072 6f74 6563 password-protec\n+00043bc0: 7469 6f6e 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4175 7468 tion (*note Auth\n+00043bd0: 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 0a61 entication and.a\n+00043be0: 7574 686f 7269 7361 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 uthorisation::) \n+00043bf0: 6973 2065 7373 656e 7469 616c 2e20 204e is essential. N\n+00043c00: 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2065 7665 6e20 7769 ote that even wi\n+00043c10: 7468 2047 5255 4220 7061 7373 776f 7264 th GRUB password\n+00043c20: 0a70 726f 7465 6374 696f 6e2c 2047 5255 .protection, GRU\n+00043c30: 4220 6974 7365 6c66 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 B itself cannot \n+00043c40: 7072 6576 656e 7420 736f 6d65 6f6e 6520 prevent someone \n+00043c50: 7769 7468 2070 6879 7369 6361 6c20 6163 with physical ac\n+00043c60: 6365 7373 2074 6f0a 7468 6520 6d61 6368 cess to.the mach\n+00043c70: 696e 6520 6672 6f6d 2061 6c74 6572 696e ine from alterin\n+00043c80: 6720 7468 6174 206d 6163 6869 6e65 2773 g that machine's\n+00043c90: 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 2865 2e67 2e2c firmware (e.g.,\n+00043ca0: 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 6f72 0a42 494f Coreboot or.BIO\n+00043cb0: 5329 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e S) configuration\n+00043cc0: 2074 6f20 6361 7573 6520 7468 6520 6d61 to cause the ma\n+00043cd0: 6368 696e 6520 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 6672 chine to boot fr\n+00043ce0: 6f6d 2061 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 0a28 om a different.(\n+00043cf0: 6174 7461 636b 6572 2d63 6f6e 7472 6f6c attacker-control\n+00043d00: 6c65 6429 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 4752 led) device. GR\n+00043d10: 5542 2069 7320 6174 2062 6573 7420 6f6e UB is at best on\n+00043d20: 6c79 206f 6e65 206c 696e 6b20 696e 2061 ly one link in a\n+00043d30: 2073 6563 7572 650a 626f 6f74 2063 6861 secure.boot cha\n+00043d40: 696e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 in.....File: gru\n+00043d50: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2055 b.info, Node: U\n+00043d60: 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 EFI secure boot \n+00043d70: 616e 6420 7368 696d 2c20 204e 6578 743a and shim, Next:\n+00043d80: 2053 6563 7572 6520 426f 6f74 2041 6476 Secure Boot Adv\n+00043d90: 616e 6365 6420 5461 7267 6574 696e 672c anced Targeting,\n+00043da0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5573 696e 6720 6469 Prev: Using di\n+00043db0: 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 gital signatures\n+00043dc0: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 7572 6974 790a , Up: Security.\n+00043dd0: 0a31 392e 3320 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 .19.3 UEFI secur\n+00043de0: 6520 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 6869 6d20 e boot and shim \n+00043df0: 7375 7070 6f72 740a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d support.========\n 00043e00: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00043e10: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00043e20: 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 4752 5542 2c20 6578 ==..The GRUB, ex\n-00043e30: 6365 7074 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6368 6169 cept the ...chai\n-00043e40: 6e6c 6f61 6465 72e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 nloader... comma\n-00043e50: 6e64 2c20 776f 726b 7320 7769 7468 2074 nd, works with t\n-00043e60: 6865 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 0a62 he UEFI secure.b\n-00043e70: 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7468 6520 7368 696d oot and the shim\n-00043e80: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e . This function\n-00043e90: 616c 6974 7920 6973 2070 726f 7669 6465 ality is provide\n-00043ea0: 6420 6279 2074 6865 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f d by the shim_lo\n-00043eb0: 636b 0a76 6572 6966 6965 722e 2020 4974 ck.verifier. It\n-00043ec0: 2069 7320 6275 696c 7420 696e 746f 2074 is built into t\n-00043ed0: 6865 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 he ...core.img..\n-00043ee0: 9920 616e 6420 6973 2072 6567 6973 7465 . and is registe\n-00043ef0: 7265 6420 6966 2074 6865 2055 4546 490a red if the UEFI.\n-00043f00: 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 2065 secure boot is e\n-00043f10: 6e61 626c 6564 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 nabled. The ...\n-00043f20: 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6be2 8099 2076 6172 shim_lock... var\n-00043f30: 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 iable is set to \n-00043f40: e280 9879 e280 9920 7768 656e 0a73 6869 ...y... when.shi\n-00043f50: 6d5f 6c6f 636b 2076 6572 6966 6965 7220 m_lock verifier \n-00043f60: 6973 2072 6567 6973 7465 7265 642e 2020 is registered. \n-00043f70: 4966 2069 7420 6973 2064 6573 6972 6564 If it is desired\n-00043f80: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 5545 4649 2073 6563 to use UEFI sec\n-00043f90: 7572 650a 626f 6f74 2077 6974 686f 7574 ure.boot without\n-00043fa0: 2073 6869 6d2c 206f 6e65 2063 616e 2064 shim, one can d\n-00043fb0: 6973 6162 6c65 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b isable shim_lock\n-00043fc0: 2062 7920 6469 7361 626c 696e 6720 7368 by disabling sh\n-00043fd0: 696d 0a76 6572 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 im.verification \n-00043fe0: 7769 7468 204d 6f6b 5362 5374 6174 6520 with MokSbState \n-00043ff0: 5545 4649 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6f72 UEFI variable or\n-00044000: 2062 7920 6275 696c 6469 6e67 2067 7275 by building gru\n-00044010: 6220 696d 6167 650a 7769 7468 20e2 8098 b image.with ...\n-00044020: 2d2d 6469 7361 626c 652d 7368 696d 2d6c --disable-shim-l\n-00044030: 6f63 6be2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a ock... option...\n-00044040: 2020 2041 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 All GRUB modu\n-00044050: 6c65 7320 6e6f 7420 7374 6f72 6564 2069 les not stored i\n-00044060: 6e20 7468 6520 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d n the ...core.im\n-00044070: 67e2 8099 2c20 4f53 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 g..., OS kernels\n-00044080: 2c20 4143 5049 0a74 6162 6c65 732c 2044 , ACPI.tables, D\n-00044090: 6576 6963 6520 5472 6565 732c 2065 7463 evice Trees, etc\n-000440a0: 2e20 2068 6176 6520 746f 2062 6520 7369 . have to be si\n-000440b0: 676e 6564 2c20 652e 672c 2075 7369 6e67 gned, e.g, using\n-000440c0: 2050 4750 2e0a 4164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c PGP..Additional\n-000440d0: 6c79 2c20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 ly, the commands\n-000440e0: 2074 6861 7420 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 that can be use\n-000440f0: 6420 746f 2073 7562 7665 7274 2074 6865 d to subvert the\n-00044100: 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 0a62 6f6f UEFI secure.boo\n-00044110: 7420 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d2c 2073 7563 t mechanism, suc\n-00044120: 6820 6173 20e2 8098 696f 7277 e280 9920 h as ...iorw... \n-00044130: 616e 6420 e280 986d 656d 7277 e280 9920 and ...memrw... \n-00044140: 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 2062 6520 6176 6169 will not be avai\n-00044150: 6c61 626c 6520 7768 656e 0a74 6865 2055 lable when.the U\n-00044160: 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 EFI secure boot \n-00044170: 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2e20 2054 6869 is enabled. Thi\n-00044180: 7320 6973 2064 6f6e 6520 666f 7220 7365 s is done for se\n-00044190: 6375 7269 7479 2072 6561 736f 6e73 2061 curity reasons a\n-000441a0: 6e64 0a61 7265 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 6420 nd.are enforced \n-000441b0: 6279 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 4c6f 636b by the GRUB Lock\n-000441c0: 646f 776e 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d 2028 down mechanism (\n-000441d0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 3a3a *note Lockdown::\n-000441e0: 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ).....File: grub\n-000441f0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5365 .info, Node: Se\n-00044200: 6375 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 6e63 cure Boot Advanc\n-00044210: 6564 2054 6172 6765 7469 6e67 2c20 204e ed Targeting, N\n-00044220: 6578 743a 204d 6561 7375 7265 6420 426f ext: Measured Bo\n-00044230: 6f74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2055 4546 4920 ot, Prev: UEFI \n-00044240: 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 secure boot and \n-00044250: 7368 696d 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 7572 shim, Up: Secur\n-00044260: 6974 790a 0a31 392e 3420 456d 6265 6464 ity..19.4 Embedd\n-00044270: 6564 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2066 ed information f\n-00044280: 6f72 2067 656e 6572 6174 696f 6e20 6e75 or generation nu\n-00044290: 6d62 6572 2062 6173 6564 2072 6576 6f63 mber based revoc\n-000442a0: 6174 696f 6e0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ation.==========\n+00043e10: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n+00043e20: 5468 6520 4752 5542 2c20 6578 6365 7074 The GRUB, except\n+00043e30: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 the ...chainloa\n+00043e40: 6465 72e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2c20 der... command, \n+00043e50: 776f 726b 7320 7769 7468 2074 6865 2055 works with the U\n+00043e60: 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 0a62 6f6f 7420 EFI secure.boot \n+00043e70: 616e 6420 7468 6520 7368 696d 2e20 2054 and the shim. T\n+00043e80: 6869 7320 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 6974 his functionalit\n+00043e90: 7920 6973 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 y is provided by\n+00043ea0: 2074 6865 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 0a76 the shim_lock.v\n+00043eb0: 6572 6966 6965 722e 2020 4974 2069 7320 erifier. It is \n+00043ec0: 6275 696c 7420 696e 746f 2074 6865 20e2 built into the .\n+00043ed0: 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 616e ..core.img... an\n+00043ee0: 6420 6973 2072 6567 6973 7465 7265 6420 d is registered \n+00043ef0: 6966 2074 6865 2055 4546 490a 7365 6375 if the UEFI.secu\n+00043f00: 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 2065 6e61 626c re boot is enabl\n+00043f10: 6564 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 7368 696d ed. The ...shim\n+00043f20: 5f6c 6f63 6be2 8099 2076 6172 6961 626c _lock... variabl\n+00043f30: 6520 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9879 e is set to ...y\n+00043f40: e280 9920 7768 656e 0a73 6869 6d5f 6c6f ... when.shim_lo\n+00043f50: 636b 2076 6572 6966 6965 7220 6973 2072 ck verifier is r\n+00043f60: 6567 6973 7465 7265 642e 2020 4966 2069 egistered. If i\n+00043f70: 7420 6973 2064 6573 6972 6564 2074 6f20 t is desired to \n+00043f80: 7573 6520 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 650a use UEFI secure.\n+00043f90: 626f 6f74 2077 6974 686f 7574 2073 6869 boot without shi\n+00043fa0: 6d2c 206f 6e65 2063 616e 2064 6973 6162 m, one can disab\n+00043fb0: 6c65 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 2062 7920 le shim_lock by \n+00043fc0: 6469 7361 626c 696e 6720 7368 696d 0a76 disabling shim.v\n+00043fd0: 6572 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 7769 7468 erification with\n+00043fe0: 204d 6f6b 5362 5374 6174 6520 5545 4649 MokSbState UEFI\n+00043ff0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6f72 2062 7920 variable or by \n+00044000: 6275 696c 6469 6e67 2067 7275 6220 696d building grub im\n+00044010: 6167 650a 7769 7468 20e2 8098 2d2d 6469 age.with ...--di\n+00044020: 7361 626c 652d 7368 696d 2d6c 6f63 6be2 sable-shim-lock.\n+00044030: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2041 .. option... A\n+00044040: 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 ll GRUB modules \n+00044050: 6e6f 7420 7374 6f72 6564 2069 6e20 7468 not stored in th\n+00044060: 6520 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 e ...core.img...\n+00044070: 2c20 4f53 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2c20 4143 , OS kernels, AC\n+00044080: 5049 0a74 6162 6c65 732c 2044 6576 6963 PI.tables, Devic\n+00044090: 6520 5472 6565 732c 2065 7463 2e20 2068 e Trees, etc. h\n+000440a0: 6176 6520 746f 2062 6520 7369 676e 6564 ave to be signed\n+000440b0: 2c20 652e 672c 2075 7369 6e67 2050 4750 , e.g, using PGP\n+000440c0: 2e0a 4164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2c20 ..Additionally, \n+000440d0: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 6861 the commands tha\n+000440e0: 7420 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f t can be used to\n+000440f0: 2073 7562 7665 7274 2074 6865 2055 4546 subvert the UEF\n+00044100: 4920 7365 6375 7265 0a62 6f6f 7420 6d65 I secure.boot me\n+00044110: 6368 616e 6973 6d2c 2073 7563 6820 6173 chanism, such as\n+00044120: 20e2 8098 696f 7277 e280 9920 616e 6420 ...iorw... and \n+00044130: e280 986d 656d 7277 e280 9920 7769 6c6c ...memrw... will\n+00044140: 206e 6f74 2062 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c not be availabl\n+00044150: 6520 7768 656e 0a74 6865 2055 4546 4920 e when.the UEFI \n+00044160: 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 2065 secure boot is e\n+00044170: 6e61 626c 6564 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 nabled. This is\n+00044180: 2064 6f6e 6520 666f 7220 7365 6375 7269 done for securi\n+00044190: 7479 2072 6561 736f 6e73 2061 6e64 0a61 ty reasons and.a\n+000441a0: 7265 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 6420 6279 2074 re enforced by t\n+000441b0: 6865 2047 5255 4220 4c6f 636b 646f 776e he GRUB Lockdown\n+000441c0: 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d 2028 2a6e 6f74 mechanism (*not\n+000441d0: 6520 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 3a3a 292e 0a0a e Lockdown::)...\n+000441e0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+000441f0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5365 6375 7265 o, Node: Secure\n+00044200: 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 6e63 6564 2054 Boot Advanced T\n+00044210: 6172 6765 7469 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 743a argeting, Next:\n+00044220: 204d 6561 7375 7265 6420 426f 6f74 2c20 Measured Boot, \n+00044230: 2050 7265 763a 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 Prev: UEFI secu\n+00044240: 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7368 696d re boot and shim\n+00044250: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 7572 6974 790a , Up: Security.\n+00044260: 0a31 392e 3420 456d 6265 6464 6564 2069 .19.4 Embedded i\n+00044270: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2067 nformation for g\n+00044280: 656e 6572 6174 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 eneration number\n+00044290: 2062 6173 6564 2072 6576 6f63 6174 696f based revocatio\n+000442a0: 6e0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d n.==============\n 000442b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 000442c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 000442d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000442e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 5365 6375 ======..The Secu\n-000442f0: 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 6e63 6564 re Boot Advanced\n-00044300: 2054 6172 6765 7469 6e67 2028 5342 4154 Targeting (SBAT\n-00044310: 2920 6973 2061 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d ) is a mechanism\n-00044320: 2074 6f20 616c 6c6f 7720 7468 650a 7265 to allow the.re\n-00044330: 766f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 636f 6d70 vocation of comp\n-00044340: 6f6e 656e 7473 2069 6e20 7468 6520 626f onents in the bo\n-00044350: 6f74 2070 6174 6820 6279 2075 7369 6e67 ot path by using\n-00044360: 2067 656e 6572 6174 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 generation numb\n-00044370: 6572 730a 656d 6265 6464 6564 2069 6e74 ers.embedded int\n-00044380: 6f20 7468 6520 4546 4920 6269 6e61 7269 o the EFI binari\n-00044390: 6573 2e20 2054 6865 2053 4241 5420 6d65 es. The SBAT me\n-000443a0: 7461 6461 7461 2069 7320 6c6f 6361 7465 tadata is locate\n-000443b0: 6420 696e 2061 6e0a 2e73 6261 7420 6461 d in an..sbat da\n-000443c0: 7461 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2074 6861 7420 ta section that \n-000443d0: 6861 7320 7365 7420 6f66 2055 5446 2d38 has set of UTF-8\n-000443e0: 2073 7472 696e 6773 2061 7320 636f 6d6d strings as comm\n-000443f0: 612d 7365 7061 7261 7465 640a 7661 6c75 a-separated.valu\n-00044400: 6573 2028 4353 5629 2e20 5365 6520 3c68 es (CSV). See \n-00044440: 2066 6f72 0a6d 6f72 6520 6465 7461 696c for.more detail\n-00044450: 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 6164 6420 6120 s... To add a \n-00044460: 6461 7461 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2063 6f6e data section con\n-00044470: 7461 696e 696e 6720 7468 6520 5342 4154 taining the SBAT\n-00044480: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2069 6e74 information int\n-00044490: 6f20 7468 650a 6269 6e61 7279 2c20 7468 o the.binary, th\n-000444a0: 6520 e280 982d 2d73 6261 74e2 8099 206f e ...--sbat... o\n-000444b0: 7074 696f 6e20 6f66 20e2 8098 6772 7562 ption of ...grub\n-000444c0: 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 9920 636f 6d6d -mkimage... comm\n-000444d0: 616e 6420 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7573 and should be us\n-000444e0: 6564 2e0a 5468 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7420 ed..The content \n-000444f0: 6f66 2061 2043 5356 2066 696c 652c 2065 of a CSV file, e\n-00044500: 6e63 6f64 6564 2077 6974 6820 5554 462d ncoded with UTF-\n-00044510: 382c 2069 7320 636f 7069 6564 2061 7320 8, is copied as \n-00044520: 6973 2074 6f20 7468 650a 2e73 6261 7420 is to the..sbat \n-00044530: 6461 7461 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2069 6e74 data section int\n-00044540: 6f20 7468 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 o the generated \n-00044550: 4546 4920 6269 6e61 7279 2e20 2054 6865 EFI binary. The\n-00044560: 2043 5356 2066 696c 6520 6361 6e20 6265 CSV file can be\n-00044570: 0a73 746f 7265 6420 616e 7977 6865 7265 .stored anywhere\n-00044580: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2073 7973 on the file sys\n-00044590: 7465 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d tem... grub-\n-000445a0: 6d6b 696d 6167 6520 2d4f 2078 3836 5f36 mkimage -O x86_6\n-000445b0: 342d 6566 6920 2d6f 2067 7275 6278 3634 4-efi -o grubx64\n-000445c0: 2e65 6669 202d 7020 2728 7466 7470 292f .efi -p '(tftp)/\n-000445d0: 6772 7562 2720 2d2d 7362 6174 2073 6261 grub' --sbat sba\n-000445e0: 742e 6373 7620 6566 696e 6574 2074 6674 t.csv efinet tft\n-000445f0: 700a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e p....File: grub.\n-00044600: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204d 6561 info, Node: Mea\n-00044610: 7375 7265 6420 426f 6f74 2c20 204e 6578 sured Boot, Nex\n-00044620: 743a 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e2c 2020 5072 t: Lockdown, Pr\n-00044630: 6576 3a20 5365 6375 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 ev: Secure Boot \n-00044640: 4164 7661 6e63 6564 2054 6172 6765 7469 Advanced Targeti\n-00044650: 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 7572 6974 ng, Up: Securit\n-00044660: 790a 0a31 392e 3520 4d65 6173 7572 696e y..19.5 Measurin\n-00044670: 6720 626f 6f74 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 g boot component\n-00044680: 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d s.==============\n-00044690: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000446a0: 0a0a 4966 2074 6865 2074 706d 206d 6f64 ..If the tpm mod\n-000446b0: 756c 6520 6973 206c 6f61 6465 6420 616e ule is loaded an\n-000446c0: 6420 7468 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 2068 d the platform h\n-000446d0: 6173 2061 2054 7275 7374 6564 2050 6c61 as a Trusted Pla\n-000446e0: 7466 6f72 6d0a 4d6f 6475 6c65 2069 6e73 tform.Module ins\n-000446f0: 7461 6c6c 6564 2c20 4752 5542 2077 696c talled, GRUB wil\n-00044700: 6c20 6c6f 6720 6561 6368 2063 6f6d 6d61 l log each comma\n-00044710: 6e64 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 616e 6420 nd executed and \n-00044720: 6561 6368 2066 696c 650a 6c6f 6164 6564 each file.loaded\n-00044730: 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 5450 4d20 6576 into the TPM ev\n-00044740: 656e 7420 6c6f 6720 616e 6420 6578 7465 ent log and exte\n-00044750: 6e64 2074 6865 2050 4352 2076 616c 7565 nd the PCR value\n-00044760: 7320 696e 2074 6865 2054 504d 0a63 6f72 s in the TPM.cor\n-00044770: 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 6c79 2e20 2041 respondingly. A\n-00044780: 6c6c 2065 7665 6e74 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 ll events will b\n-00044790: 6520 6c6f 6767 6564 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 e logged into th\n-000447a0: 6520 5043 5220 6465 7363 7269 6265 6420 e PCR described \n-000447b0: 6265 6c6f 770a 7769 7468 2061 2074 7970 below.with a typ\n-000447c0: 6520 6f66 2045 565f 4950 4c20 616e 6420 e of EV_IPL and \n-000447d0: 616e 2065 7665 6e74 2064 6573 6372 6970 an event descrip\n-000447e0: 7469 6f6e 2061 7320 6465 7363 7269 6265 tion as describe\n-000447f0: 6420 6265 6c6f 772e 0a0a 4576 656e 7420 d below...Event \n-00044800: 7479 7065 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 type \n-00044810: 2050 4352 2020 2020 2044 6573 6372 6970 PCR Descrip\n-00044820: 7469 6f6e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d tion.-----------\n+000442e0: 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 5365 6375 7265 2042 ==..The Secure B\n+000442f0: 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 6e63 6564 2054 6172 oot Advanced Tar\n+00044300: 6765 7469 6e67 2028 5342 4154 2920 6973 geting (SBAT) is\n+00044310: 2061 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d 2074 6f20 a mechanism to \n+00044320: 616c 6c6f 7720 7468 650a 7265 766f 6361 allow the.revoca\n+00044330: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e tion of componen\n+00044340: 7473 2069 6e20 7468 6520 626f 6f74 2070 ts in the boot p\n+00044350: 6174 6820 6279 2075 7369 6e67 2067 656e ath by using gen\n+00044360: 6572 6174 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 730a eration numbers.\n+00044370: 656d 6265 6464 6564 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 embedded into th\n+00044380: 6520 4546 4920 6269 6e61 7269 6573 2e20 e EFI binaries. \n+00044390: 2054 6865 2053 4241 5420 6d65 7461 6461 The SBAT metada\n+000443a0: 7461 2069 7320 6c6f 6361 7465 6420 696e ta is located in\n+000443b0: 2061 6e0a 2e73 6261 7420 6461 7461 2073 an..sbat data s\n+000443c0: 6563 7469 6f6e 2074 6861 7420 6861 7320 ection that has \n+000443d0: 7365 7420 6f66 2055 5446 2d38 2073 7472 set of UTF-8 str\n+000443e0: 696e 6773 2061 7320 636f 6d6d 612d 7365 ings as comma-se\n+000443f0: 7061 7261 7465 640a 7661 6c75 6573 2028 parated.values (\n+00044400: 4353 5629 2e20 5365 6520 3c68 7474 7073 CSV). See for\n+00044440: 0a6d 6f72 6520 6465 7461 696c 732e 0a0a .more details...\n+00044450: 2020 2054 6f20 6164 6420 6120 6461 7461 To add a data\n+00044460: 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2063 6f6e 7461 696e section contain\n+00044470: 696e 6720 7468 6520 5342 4154 2069 6e66 ing the SBAT inf\n+00044480: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 ormation into th\n+00044490: 650a 6269 6e61 7279 2c20 7468 6520 e280 e.binary, the ..\n+000444a0: 982d 2d73 6261 74e2 8099 206f 7074 696f .--sbat... optio\n+000444b0: 6e20 6f66 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 n of ...grub-mki\n+000444c0: 6d61 6765 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 mage... command \n+000444d0: 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7573 6564 2e0a should be used..\n+000444e0: 5468 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7420 6f66 2061 The content of a\n+000444f0: 2043 5356 2066 696c 652c 2065 6e63 6f64 CSV file, encod\n+00044500: 6564 2077 6974 6820 5554 462d 382c 2069 ed with UTF-8, i\n+00044510: 7320 636f 7069 6564 2061 7320 6973 2074 s copied as is t\n+00044520: 6f20 7468 650a 2e73 6261 7420 6461 7461 o the..sbat data\n+00044530: 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 section into th\n+00044540: 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 4546 4920 e generated EFI \n+00044550: 6269 6e61 7279 2e20 2054 6865 2043 5356 binary. The CSV\n+00044560: 2066 696c 6520 6361 6e20 6265 0a73 746f file can be.sto\n+00044570: 7265 6420 616e 7977 6865 7265 206f 6e20 red anywhere on \n+00044580: 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d2e the file system.\n+00044590: 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 696d .. grub-mkim\n+000445a0: 6167 6520 2d4f 2078 3836 5f36 342d 6566 age -O x86_64-ef\n+000445b0: 6920 2d6f 2067 7275 6278 3634 2e65 6669 i -o grubx64.efi\n+000445c0: 202d 7020 2728 7466 7470 292f 6772 7562 -p '(tftp)/grub\n+000445d0: 2720 2d2d 7362 6174 2073 6261 742e 6373 ' --sbat sbat.cs\n+000445e0: 7620 6566 696e 6574 2074 6674 700a 0a1f v efinet tftp...\n+000445f0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00044600: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204d 6561 7375 7265 , Node: Measure\n+00044610: 6420 426f 6f74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204c d Boot, Next: L\n+00044620: 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ockdown, Prev: \n+00044630: 5365 6375 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 Secure Boot Adva\n+00044640: 6e63 6564 2054 6172 6765 7469 6e67 2c20 nced Targeting, \n+00044650: 2055 703a 2053 6563 7572 6974 790a 0a31 Up: Security..1\n+00044660: 392e 3520 4d65 6173 7572 696e 6720 626f 9.5 Measuring bo\n+00044670: 6f74 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 730a 3d3d ot components.==\n+00044680: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00044690: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4966 ============..If\n+000446a0: 2074 6865 2074 706d 206d 6f64 756c 6520 the tpm module \n+000446b0: 6973 206c 6f61 6465 6420 616e 6420 7468 is loaded and th\n+000446c0: 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 2068 6173 2061 e platform has a\n+000446d0: 2054 7275 7374 6564 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 Trusted Platfor\n+000446e0: 6d0a 4d6f 6475 6c65 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c m.Module install\n+000446f0: 6564 2c20 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 6c6f ed, GRUB will lo\n+00044700: 6720 6561 6368 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2065 g each command e\n+00044710: 7865 6375 7465 6420 616e 6420 6561 6368 xecuted and each\n+00044720: 2066 696c 650a 6c6f 6164 6564 2069 6e74 file.loaded int\n+00044730: 6f20 7468 6520 5450 4d20 6576 656e 7420 o the TPM event \n+00044740: 6c6f 6720 616e 6420 6578 7465 6e64 2074 log and extend t\n+00044750: 6865 2050 4352 2076 616c 7565 7320 696e he PCR values in\n+00044760: 2074 6865 2054 504d 0a63 6f72 7265 7370 the TPM.corresp\n+00044770: 6f6e 6469 6e67 6c79 2e20 2041 6c6c 2065 ondingly. All e\n+00044780: 7665 6e74 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6c6f vents will be lo\n+00044790: 6767 6564 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 5043 gged into the PC\n+000447a0: 5220 6465 7363 7269 6265 6420 6265 6c6f R described belo\n+000447b0: 770a 7769 7468 2061 2074 7970 6520 6f66 w.with a type of\n+000447c0: 2045 565f 4950 4c20 616e 6420 616e 2065 EV_IPL and an e\n+000447d0: 7665 6e74 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e vent description\n+000447e0: 2061 7320 6465 7363 7269 6265 6420 6265 as described be\n+000447f0: 6c6f 772e 0a0a 4576 656e 7420 7479 7065 low...Event type\n+00044800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 4352 PCR\n+00044810: 2020 2020 2044 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e Description\n+00044820: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n 00044830: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 00044840: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 00044850: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00044860: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00044870: 0a43 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2020 2020 2020 2020 .Command \n-00044880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3820 2020 2020 2020 8 \n-00044890: 416c 6c20 6578 6563 7574 6564 2063 6f6d All executed com\n-000448a0: 6d61 6e64 7320 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 mands (including\n-000448b0: 2074 686f 7365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 those. \n+00044860: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a43 6f6d ------------.Com\n+00044870: 6d61 6e64 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mand \n+00044880: 2020 2020 3820 2020 2020 2020 416c 6c20 8 All \n+00044890: 6578 6563 7574 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 executed command\n+000448a0: 7320 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2074 686f s (including tho\n+000448b0: 7365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 se. \n 000448c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000448d0: 2020 2020 2020 6672 6f6d 2063 6f6e 6669 from confi\n-000448e0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 2920 guration files) \n-000448f0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6c6f 6767 6564 0a20 will be logged. \n+000448d0: 2020 6672 6f6d 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 from configura\n+000448e0: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 2920 7769 6c6c tion files) will\n+000448f0: 2062 6520 6c6f 6767 6564 0a20 2020 2020 be logged. \n 00044900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 616e an\n-00044920: 6420 6d65 6173 7572 6564 2061 7320 656e d measured as en\n-00044930: 7465 7265 6420 7769 7468 2061 2070 7265 tered with a pre\n-00044940: 6669 7820 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 fix of. \n+00044910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 616e 6420 6d65 and me\n+00044920: 6173 7572 6564 2061 7320 656e 7465 7265 asured as entere\n+00044930: 6420 7769 7468 2061 2070 7265 6669 7820 d with a prefix \n+00044940: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 of. \n 00044950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044960: 2020 2020 2020 2267 7275 625f 636d 643a \"grub_cmd:\n-00044970: 2022 0a4b 6572 6e65 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e \".Kernel comman\n-00044980: 6420 6c69 6e65 2020 2020 3820 2020 2020 d line 8 \n-00044990: 2020 416e 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 Any command li\n-000449a0: 6e65 2070 6173 7365 6420 746f 2061 206b ne passed to a k\n-000449b0: 6572 6e65 6c20 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 ernel will. \n+00044960: 2020 2267 7275 625f 636d 643a 2022 0a4b \"grub_cmd: \".K\n+00044970: 6572 6e65 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 ernel command li\n+00044980: 6e65 2020 2020 3820 2020 2020 2020 416e ne 8 An\n+00044990: 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2070 y command line p\n+000449a0: 6173 7365 6420 746f 2061 206b 6572 6e65 assed to a kerne\n+000449b0: 6c20 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 l will. \n 000449c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000449d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6265 206c 6f67 be log\n-000449e0: 6765 6420 616e 6420 6d65 6173 7572 6564 ged and measured\n-000449f0: 2061 7320 656e 7465 7265 6420 7769 7468 as entered with\n-00044a00: 2061 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 a. \n-00044a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044a20: 2020 7072 6566 6978 206f 6620 226b 6572 prefix of \"ker\n-00044a30: 6e65 6c5f 636d 646c 696e 653a 2022 0a4d nel_cmdline: \".M\n-00044a40: 6f64 756c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 odule command li\n-00044a50: 6e65 2020 2020 3820 2020 2020 2020 416e ne 8 An\n-00044a60: 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2070 y command line p\n-00044a70: 6173 7365 6420 746f 2061 206b 6572 6e65 assed to a kerne\n-00044a80: 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l. \n-00044a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044aa0: 206d 6f64 756c 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 module will be \n-00044ab0: 6c6f 6767 6564 2061 6e64 206d 6561 7375 logged and measu\n-00044ac0: 7265 6420 6173 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 red as. \n+000449d0: 2020 2020 2020 6265 206c 6f67 6765 6420 be logged \n+000449e0: 616e 6420 6d65 6173 7572 6564 2061 7320 and measured as \n+000449f0: 656e 7465 7265 6420 7769 7468 2061 0a20 entered with a. \n+00044a00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00044a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7072 pr\n+00044a20: 6566 6978 206f 6620 226b 6572 6e65 6c5f efix of \"kernel_\n+00044a30: 636d 646c 696e 653a 2022 0a4d 6f64 756c cmdline: \".Modul\n+00044a40: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2020 e command line \n+00044a50: 2020 3820 2020 2020 2020 416e 7920 636f 8 Any co\n+00044a60: 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2070 6173 7365 mmand line passe\n+00044a70: 6420 746f 2061 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2020 d to a kernel. \n+00044a80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00044a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 6f64 mod\n+00044aa0: 756c 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6c6f 6767 ule will be logg\n+00044ab0: 6564 2061 6e64 206d 6561 7375 7265 6420 ed and measured \n+00044ac0: 6173 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 as. \n 00044ad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044ae0: 2020 2020 2020 656e 7465 7265 6420 7769 entered wi\n-00044af0: 7468 2061 2070 7265 6669 7820 6f66 2022 th a prefix of \"\n-00044b00: 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f63 6d64 6c69 6e65 3a0a module_cmdline:.\n+00044ae0: 2020 656e 7465 7265 6420 7769 7468 2061 entered with a\n+00044af0: 2070 7265 6669 7820 6f66 2022 6d6f 6475 prefix of \"modu\n+00044b00: 6c65 5f63 6d64 6c69 6e65 3a0a 2020 2020 le_cmdline:. \n 00044b10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044b20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 \"\n-00044b30: 0a46 696c 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .Files \n-00044b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3920 2020 2020 2020 9 \n-00044b50: 416e 7920 6669 6c65 2072 6561 6420 6279 Any file read by\n-00044b60: 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6c6f GRUB will be lo\n-00044b70: 6767 6564 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 2020 gged and. \n+00044b20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 0a46 696c \".Fil\n+00044b30: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n+00044b40: 2020 2020 3920 2020 2020 2020 416e 7920 9 Any \n+00044b50: 6669 6c65 2072 6561 6420 6279 2047 5255 file read by GRU\n+00044b60: 4220 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6c6f 6767 6564 B will be logged\n+00044b70: 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 and. \n 00044b80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d65 6173 7572 6564 measured\n-00044ba0: 2077 6974 6820 6120 6465 7363 7269 7074 with a descript\n-00044bb0: 6976 6520 7465 7874 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ive text. \n+00044b90: 2020 2020 6d65 6173 7572 6564 2077 6974 measured wit\n+00044ba0: 6820 6120 6465 7363 7269 7074 6976 6520 h a descriptive \n+00044bb0: 7465 7874 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 text. \n 00044bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044bd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f 7272 6573 706f correspo\n-00044be0: 6e64 696e 6720 746f 2074 6865 2066 696c nding to the fil\n-00044bf0: 656e 616d 652e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 ename... GRUB \n-00044c00: 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 206d 6561 7375 7265 will not measure\n-00044c10: 2069 7473 206f 776e 20e2 8098 636f 7265 its own ...core\n-00044c20: 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 2d20 6974 2069 7320 .img... - it is \n-00044c30: 6578 7065 6374 6564 2074 6861 740a 6669 expected that.fi\n-00044c40: 726d 7761 7265 2077 696c 6c20 6361 7272 rmware will carr\n-00044c50: 7920 7468 6973 206f 7574 2e20 2047 5255 y this out. GRU\n-00044c60: 4220 7769 6c6c 2061 6c73 6f20 6e6f 7420 B will also not \n-00044c70: 7065 7266 6f72 6d20 616e 790a 6d65 6173 perform any.meas\n-00044c80: 7572 656d 656e 7473 2075 6e74 696c 2074 urements until t\n-00044c90: 6865 2074 706d 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6973 he tpm module is\n-00044ca0: 206c 6f61 6465 642e 2020 4173 2073 7563 loaded. As suc\n-00044cb0: 6820 6974 2069 7320 7265 636f 6d6d 656e h it is recommen\n-00044cc0: 6465 640a 7468 6174 2074 6865 2074 706d ded.that the tpm\n-00044cd0: 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6265 2062 7569 6c74 module be built\n-00044ce0: 2069 6e74 6f20 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d into ...core.im\n-00044cf0: 67e2 8099 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f g... in order to\n-00044d00: 2061 766f 6964 2061 0a70 6f74 656e 7469 avoid a.potenti\n-00044d10: 616c 2067 6170 2069 6e20 6d65 6173 7572 al gap in measur\n-00044d20: 656d 656e 7420 6265 7477 6565 6e20 e280 ement between ..\n-00044d30: 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2062 6569 .core.img... bei\n-00044d40: 6e67 206c 6f61 6465 6420 616e 6420 7468 ng loaded and th\n-00044d50: 6520 7470 6d0a 6d6f 6475 6c65 2062 6569 e tpm.module bei\n-00044d60: 6e67 206c 6f61 6465 642e 0a0a 2020 204d ng loaded... M\n-00044d70: 6561 7375 7265 6420 626f 6f74 2069 7320 easured boot is \n-00044d80: 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6f6e 6c79 2073 currently only s\n-00044d90: 7570 706f 7274 6564 206f 6e20 4546 4920 upported on EFI \n-00044da0: 616e 6420 4942 4d20 4945 4545 3132 3735 and IBM IEEE1275\n-00044db0: 0a50 6f77 6572 5043 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 .PowerPC platfor\n-00044dc0: 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ms.....File: gru\n-00044dd0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204c b.info, Node: L\n-00044de0: 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ockdown, Prev: \n-00044df0: 4d65 6173 7572 6564 2042 6f6f 742c 2020 Measured Boot, \n-00044e00: 5570 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 0a0a 3139 Up: Security..19\n-00044e10: 2e36 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 7768 656e .6 Lockdown when\n-00044e20: 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 206f 6e20 6120 7365 booting on a se\n-00044e30: 6375 7265 2073 6574 7570 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d cure setup.=====\n+00044bd0: 2020 2020 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 696e correspondin\n+00044be0: 6720 746f 2074 6865 2066 696c 656e 616d g to the filenam\n+00044bf0: 652e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c e... GRUB will\n+00044c00: 206e 6f74 206d 6561 7375 7265 2069 7473 not measure its\n+00044c10: 206f 776e 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 own ...core.img\n+00044c20: e280 9920 2d20 6974 2069 7320 6578 7065 ... - it is expe\n+00044c30: 6374 6564 2074 6861 740a 6669 726d 7761 cted that.firmwa\n+00044c40: 7265 2077 696c 6c20 6361 7272 7920 7468 re will carry th\n+00044c50: 6973 206f 7574 2e20 2047 5255 4220 7769 is out. GRUB wi\n+00044c60: 6c6c 2061 6c73 6f20 6e6f 7420 7065 7266 ll also not perf\n+00044c70: 6f72 6d20 616e 790a 6d65 6173 7572 656d orm any.measurem\n+00044c80: 656e 7473 2075 6e74 696c 2074 6865 2074 ents until the t\n+00044c90: 706d 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6973 206c 6f61 pm module is loa\n+00044ca0: 6465 642e 2020 4173 2073 7563 6820 6974 ded. As such it\n+00044cb0: 2069 7320 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 640a is recommended.\n+00044cc0: 7468 6174 2074 6865 2074 706d 206d 6f64 that the tpm mod\n+00044cd0: 756c 6520 6265 2062 7569 6c74 2069 6e74 ule be built int\n+00044ce0: 6f20 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 o ...core.img...\n+00044cf0: 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f 2061 766f in order to avo\n+00044d00: 6964 2061 0a70 6f74 656e 7469 616c 2067 id a.potential g\n+00044d10: 6170 2069 6e20 6d65 6173 7572 656d 656e ap in measuremen\n+00044d20: 7420 6265 7477 6565 6e20 e280 9863 6f72 t between ...cor\n+00044d30: 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2062 6569 6e67 206c e.img... being l\n+00044d40: 6f61 6465 6420 616e 6420 7468 6520 7470 oaded and the tp\n+00044d50: 6d0a 6d6f 6475 6c65 2062 6569 6e67 206c m.module being l\n+00044d60: 6f61 6465 642e 0a0a 2020 204d 6561 7375 oaded... Measu\n+00044d70: 7265 6420 626f 6f74 2069 7320 6375 7272 red boot is curr\n+00044d80: 656e 746c 7920 6f6e 6c79 2073 7570 706f ently only suppo\n+00044d90: 7274 6564 206f 6e20 4546 4920 616e 6420 rted on EFI and \n+00044da0: 4942 4d20 4945 4545 3132 3735 0a50 6f77 IBM IEEE1275.Pow\n+00044db0: 6572 5043 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2e0a erPC platforms..\n+00044dc0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00044dd0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204c 6f63 6b64 fo, Node: Lockd\n+00044de0: 6f77 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4d65 6173 own, Prev: Meas\n+00044df0: 7572 6564 2042 6f6f 742c 2020 5570 3a20 ured Boot, Up: \n+00044e00: 5365 6375 7269 7479 0a0a 3139 2e36 204c Security..19.6 L\n+00044e10: 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 7768 656e 2062 6f6f ockdown when boo\n+00044e20: 7469 6e67 206f 6e20 6120 7365 6375 7265 ting on a secure\n+00044e30: 2073 6574 7570 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d setup.=========\n 00044e40: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00044e50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00044e60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2047 5255 =======..The GRU\n-00044e70: 4220 6361 6e20 6265 206c 6f63 6b65 6420 B can be locked \n-00044e80: 646f 776e 2077 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 6564 down when booted\n-00044e90: 206f 6e20 6120 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f on a secure boo\n-00044ea0: 7420 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 742c 0a66 t environment,.f\n-00044eb0: 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2069 6620 7468 or example if th\n-00044ec0: 6520 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f e UEFI secure bo\n-00044ed0: 6f74 2069 7320 656e 6162 6c65 642e 2020 ot is enabled. \n-00044ee0: 4f6e 2061 206c 6f63 6b65 6420 646f 776e On a locked down\n-00044ef0: 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 .configuration, \n-00044f00: 7468 6520 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 6265 the GRUB will be\n-00044f10: 2072 6573 7472 6963 7465 6420 616e 6420 restricted and \n-00044f20: 736f 6d65 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 732f some operations/\n-00044f30: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a63 616e 6e6f 7420 commands.cannot \n-00044f40: 6265 2065 7865 6375 7465 642e 0a0a 2020 be executed... \n-00044f50: 2054 6865 20e2 8098 6c6f 636b 646f 776e The ...lockdown\n-00044f60: e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 ... variable is \n-00044f70: 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 79e2 8099 2077 set to ...y... w\n-00044f80: 6865 6e20 7468 6520 4752 5542 2069 7320 hen the GRUB is \n-00044f90: 6c6f 636b 6564 2064 6f77 6e2e 0a4f 7468 locked down..Oth\n-00044fa0: 6572 7769 7365 2069 7420 646f 6573 206e erwise it does n\n-00044fb0: 6f74 2065 7869 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 ot exit.....File\n-00044fc0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00044fd0: 6465 3a20 506c 6174 666f 726d 206c 696d de: Platform lim\n-00044fe0: 6974 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 204e 6578 743a itations, Next:\n-00044ff0: 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 Platform-specif\n-00045000: 6963 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 732c 2020 ic operations, \n-00045010: 5072 6576 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 2c20 Prev: Security, \n-00045020: 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3230 2050 6c61 Up: Top..20 Pla\n-00045030: 7466 6f72 6d20 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e tform limitation\n-00045040: 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a s.**************\n-00045050: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a47 5255 4232 *********..GRUB2\n-00045060: 2069 7320 6465 7369 676e 6564 2074 6f20 is designed to \n-00045070: 6265 2070 6f72 7461 626c 6520 616e 6420 be portable and \n-00045080: 6973 2061 6374 7561 6c6c 7920 706f 7274 is actually port\n-00045090: 6564 2061 6372 6f73 730a 706c 6174 666f ed across.platfo\n-000450a0: 726d 732e 2020 5765 2074 7279 2074 6f20 rms. We try to \n-000450b0: 6b65 6570 2061 6c6c 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 keep all platfor\n-000450c0: 6d73 2061 7420 7468 6520 6c65 7665 6c2e ms at the level.\n-000450d0: 2020 556e 666f 7274 756e 6174 656c 790a Unfortunately.\n-000450e0: 736f 6d65 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2061 some platforms a\n-000450f0: 7265 2062 6574 7465 7220 7375 7070 6f72 re better suppor\n-00045100: 7465 6420 7468 616e 206f 7468 6572 732e ted than others.\n-00045110: 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6465 7461 696c This is detail\n-00045120: 6564 2069 6e0a 6375 7272 656e 7420 616e ed in.current an\n-00045130: 6420 3220 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7365 d 2 following se\n-00045140: 6374 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 416c 6c20 ctions... All \n-00045150: 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6861 7665 2061 platforms have a\n-00045160: 6e20 6172 7469 6669 6369 616c 6c79 2047 n artificially G\n-00045170: 5255 4220 696d 706f 7365 6420 6469 736b RUB imposed disk\n-00045180: 2073 697a 6520 7265 7374 7269 6374 696f size restrictio\n-00045190: 6e0a 6f66 2031 2045 6942 2e20 496e 2073 n.of 1 EiB. In s\n-000451a0: 6f6d 6520 6361 7365 732c 206c 6172 6765 ome cases, large\n-000451b0: 7220 6469 736b 2073 697a 6573 2063 616e r disk sizes can\n-000451c0: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2c20 6275 7420 6163 be used, but ac\n-000451d0: 6365 7373 2077 696c 6c0a 6e6f 7420 6265 cess will.not be\n-000451e0: 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 6579 6f6e 6420 allowed beyond \n-000451f0: 3120 4569 422e 0a0a 2020 204c 554b 5332 1 EiB... LUKS2\n-00045200: 2064 6576 6963 6573 2077 6974 6820 7369 devices with si\n-00045210: 7a65 206c 6172 6765 7220 7468 616e 2031 ze larger than 1\n-00045220: 3620 4569 4220 6172 6520 6375 7272 656e 6 EiB are curren\n-00045230: 746c 7920 6e6f 740a 7375 7070 6f72 7465 tly not.supporte\n-00045240: 642e 2020 5468 6579 2063 616e 206e 6f74 d. They can not\n-00045250: 2062 6520 6372 6561 7465 6420 6173 2063 be created as c\n-00045260: 7279 7074 6f20 6465 7669 6365 7320 6279 rypto devices by\n-00045270: 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 736f cryptomount, so\n-00045280: 0a63 616e 206e 6f74 2065 7665 6e20 6265 .can not even be\n-00045290: 2070 6172 7469 616c 6c79 2072 6561 6420 partially read \n-000452a0: 6672 6f6d 2e20 204c 554b 5320 6861 7665 from. LUKS have\n-000452b0: 206e 6f20 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 7320 no limitations \n-000452c0: 6f74 6865 720a 7468 616e 2074 686f 7365 other.than those\n-000452d0: 2069 6d70 6f73 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 imposed by the \n-000452e0: 666f 726d 6174 2e0a 0a20 2020 4152 4320 format... ARC \n-000452f0: 706c 6174 666f 726d 2069 7320 756e 6162 platform is unab\n-00045300: 6c65 2074 6f20 6368 616e 6765 2064 6174 le to change dat\n-00045310: 6574 696d 6520 2866 6972 6d77 6172 6520 etime (firmware \n-00045320: 646f 6573 6e27 7420 7365 656d 2074 6f0a doesn't seem to.\n-00045330: 7072 6f76 6964 6520 6120 6675 6e63 7469 provide a functi\n-00045340: 6f6e 2066 6f72 2069 7429 2e20 2045 4d55 on for it). EMU\n-00045350: 2068 6173 2073 696d 696c 6172 206c 696d has similar lim\n-00045360: 6974 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 itation... On \n-00045370: 454d 5520 706c 6174 666f 726d 206e 6f20 EMU platform no \n-00045380: 7365 7269 616c 2070 6f72 7420 6973 2061 serial port is a\n-00045390: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 436f vailable... Co\n-000453a0: 6e73 6f6c 6520 6368 6172 7365 7420 7265 nsole charset re\n-000453b0: 6665 7273 206f 6e6c 7920 746f 2066 6972 fers only to fir\n-000453c0: 6d77 6172 652d 6173 7369 7374 6564 2063 mware-assisted c\n-000453d0: 6f6e 736f 6c65 2e20 2067 6678 7465 726d onsole. gfxterm\n-000453e0: 2069 730a 616c 7761 7973 2055 6e69 636f is.always Unico\n-000453f0: 6465 2028 7365 6520 496e 7465 726e 6174 de (see Internat\n-00045400: 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 2073 6563 ionalisation sec\n-00045410: 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2069 7473 206c 696d tion for its lim\n-00045420: 6974 6174 696f 6e73 292e 0a53 6572 6961 itations)..Seria\n-00045430: 6c20 6973 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 626c l is configurabl\n-00045440: 6520 746f 2055 5446 2d38 206f 7220 4153 e to UTF-8 or AS\n-00045450: 4349 4920 2873 6565 2049 6e74 6572 6e61 CII (see Interna\n-00045460: 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e29 2e20 tionalisation). \n-00045470: 2049 6e0a 6361 7365 206f 6620 7165 6d75 In.case of qemu\n-00045480: 2061 6e64 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 706f and coreboot po\n-00045490: 7274 7320 7468 6520 7265 6665 7265 6420 rts the refered \n-000454a0: 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6973 2076 6761 5f74 console is vga_t\n-000454b0: 6578 742e 0a4c 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e20 616c ext..Loongson al\n-000454c0: 7761 7973 2075 7365 7320 6766 7874 6572 ways uses gfxter\n-000454d0: 6d2e 0a0a 2020 204d 6f73 7420 6c69 6d69 m... Most limi\n-000454e0: 7465 6420 6f6e 6520 6973 2041 5343 4949 ted one is ASCII\n-000454f0: 2e20 4350 3433 3720 7072 6f76 6964 6573 . CP437 provides\n-00045500: 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 790a 7073 additionally.ps\n-00045510: 6575 646f 6772 6170 6869 6373 2e20 2047 eudographics. G\n-00045520: 5255 4232 2064 6f65 736e 2774 2075 7365 RUB2 doesn't use\n-00045530: 2061 6e79 206c 616e 6775 6167 6520 6368 any language ch\n-00045540: 6172 6163 7465 7273 2066 726f 6d20 4350 aracters from CP\n-00045550: 3433 3720 6173 0a6f 6674 656e 2043 5034 437 as.often CP4\n-00045560: 3337 2069 7320 7265 706c 6163 6564 2062 37 is replaced b\n-00045570: 7920 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 2065 6e63 6f64 y national encod\n-00045580: 696e 6720 636f 6d70 6174 6962 6c65 206f ing compatible o\n-00045590: 6e6c 7920 696e 0a70 7365 7564 6f67 7261 nly in.pseudogra\n-000455a0: 7068 6963 732e 2020 556e 6963 6f64 6520 phics. Unicode \n-000455b0: 6973 2074 6865 206d 6f73 7420 7665 7273 is the most vers\n-000455c0: 6174 696c 6520 6368 6172 7365 7420 7768 atile charset wh\n-000455d0: 6963 6820 7375 7070 6f72 7473 0a6d 616e ich supports.man\n-000455e0: 7920 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 732e 2020 486f y languages. Ho\n-000455f0: 7765 7665 7220 7468 6520 6163 7475 616c wever the actual\n-00045600: 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 206d 6179 2062 6520 console may be \n-00045610: 6d75 6368 206d 6f72 6520 6c69 6d69 7465 much more limite\n-00045620: 640a 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2066 d.depending on f\n-00045630: 6972 6d77 6172 650a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2042 irmware.. On B\n-00045640: 494f 532c 206e 6574 776f 726b 2069 7320 IOS, network is \n-00045650: 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e 6c79 2069 supported only i\n-00045660: 6620 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 6973 206c f the image is l\n-00045670: 6f61 6465 6420 7468 726f 7567 680a 6e65 oaded through.ne\n-00045680: 7477 6f72 6b2e 2020 4f6e 2073 7061 7263 twork. On sparc\n-00045690: 3634 2c20 4752 5542 2069 7320 756e 6162 64, GRUB is unab\n-000456a0: 6c65 2074 6f20 6465 7465 726d 696e 6520 le to determine \n-000456b0: 7768 6963 6820 7365 7276 6572 2069 7420 which server it \n-000456c0: 7761 730a 626f 6f74 6564 2066 726f 6d2e was.booted from.\n-000456d0: 0a0a 2020 2044 6972 6563 7420 4154 412f .. Direct ATA/\n-000456e0: 4148 4349 2073 7570 706f 7274 2061 6c6c AHCI support all\n-000456f0: 6f77 7320 746f 2063 6972 6375 6d76 656e ows to circumven\n-00045700: 7420 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6669 726d 7761 t various firmwa\n-00045710: 7265 0a6c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 2062 re.limitations b\n-00045720: 7574 2069 736e 2774 206e 6565 6465 6420 ut isn't needed \n-00045730: 666f 7220 6e6f 726d 616c 206f 7065 7261 for normal opera\n-00045740: 7469 6f6e 2065 7863 6570 7420 6f6e 2062 tion except on b\n-00045750: 6172 656d 6574 616c 0a70 6f72 7473 2e0a aremetal.ports..\n-00045760: 0a20 2020 4154 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 . AT keyboard \n-00045770: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 206b support allows k\n-00045780: 6579 626f 6172 6420 6c61 796f 7574 2072 eyboard layout r\n-00045790: 656d 6170 7069 6e67 2061 6e64 2073 7570 emapping and sup\n-000457a0: 706f 7274 2066 6f72 0a6b 6579 7320 6e6f port for.keys no\n-000457b0: 7420 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7468 726f t available thro\n-000457c0: 7567 6820 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e20 2049 ugh firmware. I\n-000457d0: 7420 6973 6e27 7420 6e65 6564 6564 2066 t isn't needed f\n-000457e0: 6f72 206e 6f72 6d61 6c0a 6f70 6572 6174 or normal.operat\n-000457f0: 696f 6e20 6578 6365 7074 2062 6172 656d ion except barem\n-00045800: 6574 616c 2070 6f72 7473 2e0a 0a20 2020 etal ports... \n-00045810: 5370 6561 6b65 7220 616c 6c6f 7773 206d Speaker allows m\n-00045820: 6f72 7365 2061 6e64 2073 706b 6d6f 6465 orse and spkmode\n-00045830: 6d20 636f 6d6d 756e 6963 6174 696f 6e2e m communication.\n-00045840: 0a0a 2020 2055 5342 2073 7570 706f 7274 .. USB support\n-00045850: 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 6265 6e65 6669 provides benefi\n-00045860: 7473 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 6f20 4154 ts similar to AT\n-00045870: 4120 2866 6f72 2055 5342 2064 6973 6b73 A (for USB disks\n-00045880: 2920 6f72 2041 540a 2866 6f72 2055 5342 ) or AT.(for USB\n-00045890: 206b 6579 626f 6172 6473 292e 2020 496e keyboards). In\n-000458a0: 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e20 6974 2061 6c6c addition it all\n-000458b0: 6f77 7320 5553 4273 6572 6961 6c2e 0a0a ows USBserial...\n-000458c0: 2020 2043 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 Chainloading \n-000458d0: 7265 6665 7273 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6162 refers to the ab\n-000458e0: 696c 6974 7920 746f 206c 6f61 6420 616e ility to load an\n-000458f0: 6f74 6865 7220 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 other bootloader\n-00045900: 2074 6872 6f75 6768 0a74 6865 2073 616d through.the sam\n-00045910: 6520 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 0a0a 2020 2048 e protocol.. H\n-00045920: 696e 7473 2061 6c6c 6f77 2066 6173 7465 ints allow faste\n-00045930: 7220 6469 736b 2064 6973 636f 7665 7279 r disk discovery\n-00045940: 2062 7920 616c 7265 6164 7920 6b6e 6f77 by already know\n-00045950: 696e 6720 696e 2061 6476 616e 6365 2077 ing in advance w\n-00045960: 6869 6368 0a69 7320 7468 6520 6469 736b hich.is the disk\n-00045970: 2069 6e20 7175 6573 7469 6f6e 2e20 204f in question. O\n-00045980: 6e20 736f 6d65 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 n some platforms\n-00045990: 2068 696e 7473 2061 7265 2063 6f72 7265 hints are corre\n-000459a0: 6374 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 796f 750a 6d6f ct unless you.mo\n-000459b0: 7665 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b20 6265 7477 ve the disk betw\n-000459c0: 6565 6e20 626f 6f74 732e 2020 4f6e 206f een boots. On o\n-000459d0: 7468 6572 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2069 ther platforms i\n-000459e0: 7427 7320 6a75 7374 2061 6e20 6564 7563 t's just an educ\n-000459f0: 6174 6564 0a67 7565 7373 2e20 204e 6f74 ated.guess. Not\n-00045a00: 6520 7468 6174 2068 696e 7420 6661 696c e that hint fail\n-00045a10: 7572 6520 7265 7375 6c74 7320 696e 206a ure results in j\n-00045a20: 7573 7420 7265 6475 6365 6420 7065 7266 ust reduced perf\n-00045a30: 6f72 6d61 6e63 652c 206e 6f74 0a61 2066 ormance, not.a f\n-00045a40: 6169 6c75 7265 0a0a 2020 2042 6164 5241 ailure.. BadRA\n-00045a50: 4d20 6973 2074 6865 2061 6269 6c69 7479 M is the ability\n-00045a60: 2074 6f20 6d61 726b 2073 6f6d 6520 6f66 to mark some of\n-00045a70: 2074 6865 2052 414d 2061 7320 2262 6164 the RAM as \"bad\n-00045a80: 222e 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 6475 6520 746f \". Note: due to\n-00045a90: 0a70 726f 746f 636f 6c20 6c69 6d69 7461 .protocol limita\n-00045aa0: 7469 6f6e 7320 6d69 7073 2d6c 6f6f 6e67 tions mips-loong\n-00045ab0: 736f 6e20 2877 6974 6820 4c69 6e75 7820 son (with Linux \n-00045ac0: 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 616e 640a 6d69 protocol) and.mi\n-00045ad0: 7073 2d71 656d 755f 6d69 7073 2063 616e ps-qemu_mips can\n-00045ae0: 2075 7365 206f 6e6c 7920 6d65 6d6f 7279 use only memory\n-00045af0: 2075 7020 746f 2066 6972 7374 2068 6f6c up to first hol\n-00045b00: 652e 0a0a 2020 2042 6f6f 746c 6f63 6174 e... Bootlocat\n-00045b10: 696f 6e20 6973 2061 6269 6c69 7479 206f ion is ability o\n-00045b20: 6620 4752 5542 2074 6f20 6175 746f 6d61 f GRUB to automa\n-00045b30: 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 6465 7465 6374 2077 tically detect w\n-00045b40: 6865 7265 2069 740a 626f 6f74 7320 6672 here it.boots fr\n-00045b50: 6f6d 2e20 2022 6469 736b 2220 6d65 616e om. \"disk\" mean\n-00045b60: 7320 7468 6520 6465 7465 6374 696f 6e20 s the detection \n-00045b70: 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2074 6f20 6465 is limited to de\n-00045b80: 7465 6374 696e 6720 7468 6520 6469 736b tecting the disk\n-00045b90: 0a77 6974 6820 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 .with partition \n-00045ba0: 6265 696e 6720 6469 7363 6f76 6572 6564 being discovered\n-00045bb0: 206f 6e20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 7469 6d65 on install time\n-00045bc0: 2e20 2022 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e22 206d . \"partition\" m\n-00045bd0: 6561 6e73 2074 6861 740a 6469 736b 2061 eans that.disk a\n-00045be0: 6e64 2070 6172 7469 746f 6e20 6361 6e20 nd partiton can \n-00045bf0: 6265 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 be automatically\n-00045c00: 2064 6973 636f 7665 7265 642e 2020 2266 discovered. \"f\n-00045c10: 696c 6522 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 740a ile\" means that.\n-00045c20: 626f 6f74 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 6520 boot image file \n-00045c30: 6e61 6d65 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 name as well as \n-00045c40: 6469 736b 2061 6e64 2070 6172 7469 7469 disk and partiti\n-00045c50: 6f6e 2063 616e 2062 6520 6469 7363 6f76 on can be discov\n-00045c60: 6572 6564 2e0a 466f 7220 636f 6e73 6973 ered..For consis\n-00045c70: 7465 6e63 792c 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 tency, default i\n-00045c80: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2069 676e 6f72 6573 2070 nstall ignores p\n-00045c90: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 2072 656c artition and rel\n-00045ca0: 6965 7320 736f 6c65 6c79 206f 6e0a 6469 ies solely on.di\n-00045cb0: 736b 2064 6574 6563 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 sk detection. I\n-00045cc0: 6620 6e6f 2062 6f6f 746c 6f63 6174 696f f no bootlocatio\n-00045cd0: 6e20 6469 7363 6f76 6572 7920 6973 2061 n discovery is a\n-00045ce0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 7220 626f 6f74 vailable or boot\n-00045cf0: 2061 6e64 0a67 7275 622d 726f 6f74 2064 and.grub-root d\n-00045d00: 6973 6b73 2061 7265 2064 6966 6665 7265 isks are differe\n-00045d10: 6e74 2c20 5555 4944 2069 7320 7573 6564 nt, UUID is used\n-00045d20: 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2e20 204f 6e20 4152 instead. On AR\n-00045d30: 4320 6966 206e 6f0a 6465 7669 6365 2074 C if no.device t\n-00045d40: 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 746f 2069 7320 o install to is \n-00045d50: 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2055 5549 4420 specified, UUID \n-00045d60: 6973 2075 7365 6420 696e 7374 6561 6420 is used instead \n-00045d70: 6173 2077 656c 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 as well... \n-00045d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2042 494f 5320 2020 BIOS \n-00045d90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f 7265 626f 6f74 Coreboot\n-00045da0: 2020 2020 2020 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 Multiboot\n-00045db0: 2020 2020 2020 5165 6d75 0a76 6964 656f Qemu.video\n-00045dc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-00045dd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-00045de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-00045df0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a63 6f6e 736f yes.conso\n-00045e00: 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 4350 3433 3720 le CP437 \n-00045e10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 5034 3337 2020 CP437 \n-00045e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4350 3433 3720 2020 CP437 \n-00045e30: 2020 2020 2020 2043 5034 3337 0a63 6861 CP437.cha\n-00045e40: 7273 6574 0a6e 6574 776f 726b 2020 2020 rset.network \n-00045e50: 2020 2020 7965 7320 282a 2920 2020 2020 yes (*) \n-00045e60: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00045e70: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00045e80: 206e 6f0a 4154 412f 4148 4349 2020 2020 no.ATA/AHCI \n-00045e90: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045ea0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045eb0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045ec0: 7965 730a 4154 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 yes.AT keyboard \n-00045ed0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045ee0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045ef0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045f00: 7965 730a 5370 6561 6b65 7220 2020 2020 yes.Speaker \n-00045f10: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045f20: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045f30: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045f40: 7965 730a 5553 4220 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes.USB \n-00045f50: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045f60: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045f70: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045f80: 7965 730a 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 yes.chainloader \n-00045f90: 2020 206c 6f63 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 local \n-00045fa0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045fb0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045fc0: 6e6f 0a63 7075 6964 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.cpuid \n-00045fd0: 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 partial \n-00045fe0: 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 partial \n-00045ff0: 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 partial p\n-00046000: 6172 7469 616c 0a72 646d 7372 2020 2020 artial.rdmsr \n-00046010: 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 partial \n-00046020: 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 partial \n-00046030: 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 partial \n-00046040: 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 0a77 726d 7372 partial.wrmsr\n-00046050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 partia\n-00046060: 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c l partial\n-00046070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 partial \n-00046080: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 0a68 partial.h\n-00046090: 696e 7473 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6775 ints gu\n-000460a0: 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7565 ess gue\n-000460b0: 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6775 6573 ss gues\n-000460c0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7565 7373 s guess\n-000460d0: 0a50 4349 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .PCI \n-000460e0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n-000460f0: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n-00046100: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n-00046110: 0a62 6164 7261 6d20 2020 2020 2020 2020 .badram \n-00046120: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n-00046130: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n-00046140: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n-00046150: 0a63 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 2020 2020 .compression \n-00046160: 616c 7761 7973 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 always p\n-00046170: 6f69 6e74 6c65 7373 2020 2020 2020 6e6f ointless no\n-00046180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a no.\n-00046190: 6578 6974 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 exit y\n-000461a0: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f es no\n-000461b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n-000461c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a62 no.b\n-000461d0: 6f6f 746c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 2020 6469 ootlocation di\n-000461e0: 736b 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 sk no \n-000461f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n-00046200: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 0a20 no.. \n-00046210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6961 ia\n-00046220: 3332 2045 4649 2020 2020 2020 2061 6d64 32 EFI amd\n-00046230: 3634 2045 4649 2020 2020 2020 6961 3332 64 EFI ia32\n-00046240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 7461 6e69 Itani\n-00046250: 756d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 um. \n+00044e60: 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2047 5255 4220 6361 ===..The GRUB ca\n+00044e70: 6e20 6265 206c 6f63 6b65 6420 646f 776e n be locked down\n+00044e80: 2077 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 6564 206f 6e20 when booted on \n+00044e90: 6120 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 656e a secure boot en\n+00044ea0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 742c 0a66 6f72 2065 vironment,.for e\n+00044eb0: 7861 6d70 6c65 2069 6620 7468 6520 5545 xample if the UE\n+00044ec0: 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2069 FI secure boot i\n+00044ed0: 7320 656e 6162 6c65 642e 2020 4f6e 2061 s enabled. On a\n+00044ee0: 206c 6f63 6b65 6420 646f 776e 0a63 6f6e locked down.con\n+00044ef0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 7468 6520 figuration, the \n+00044f00: 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2072 6573 GRUB will be res\n+00044f10: 7472 6963 7465 6420 616e 6420 736f 6d65 tricted and some\n+00044f20: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 732f 636f 6d6d operations/comm\n+00044f30: 616e 6473 0a63 616e 6e6f 7420 6265 2065 ands.cannot be e\n+00044f40: 7865 6375 7465 642e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 xecuted... The\n+00044f50: 20e2 8098 6c6f 636b 646f 776e e280 9920 ...lockdown... \n+00044f60: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 7420 variable is set \n+00044f70: 746f 20e2 8098 79e2 8099 2077 6865 6e20 to ...y... when \n+00044f80: 7468 6520 4752 5542 2069 7320 6c6f 636b the GRUB is lock\n+00044f90: 6564 2064 6f77 6e2e 0a4f 7468 6572 7769 ed down..Otherwi\n+00044fa0: 7365 2069 7420 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2065 se it does not e\n+00044fb0: 7869 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 xit.....File: gr\n+00044fc0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00044fd0: 506c 6174 666f 726d 206c 696d 6974 6174 Platform limitat\n+00044fe0: 696f 6e73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2050 6c61 ions, Next: Pla\n+00044ff0: 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206f tform-specific o\n+00045000: 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 732c 2020 5072 6576 perations, Prev\n+00045010: 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 2c20 2055 703a : Security, Up:\n+00045020: 2054 6f70 0a0a 3230 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 Top..20 Platfor\n+00045030: 6d20 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 730a 2a2a m limitations.**\n+00045040: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+00045050: 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a47 5255 4232 2069 7320 *****..GRUB2 is \n+00045060: 6465 7369 676e 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2070 designed to be p\n+00045070: 6f72 7461 626c 6520 616e 6420 6973 2061 ortable and is a\n+00045080: 6374 7561 6c6c 7920 706f 7274 6564 2061 ctually ported a\n+00045090: 6372 6f73 730a 706c 6174 666f 726d 732e cross.platforms.\n+000450a0: 2020 5765 2074 7279 2074 6f20 6b65 6570 We try to keep\n+000450b0: 2061 6c6c 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2061 all platforms a\n+000450c0: 7420 7468 6520 6c65 7665 6c2e 2020 556e t the level. Un\n+000450d0: 666f 7274 756e 6174 656c 790a 736f 6d65 fortunately.some\n+000450e0: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2061 7265 2062 platforms are b\n+000450f0: 6574 7465 7220 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 etter supported \n+00045100: 7468 616e 206f 7468 6572 732e 2020 5468 than others. Th\n+00045110: 6973 2069 7320 6465 7461 696c 6564 2069 is is detailed i\n+00045120: 6e0a 6375 7272 656e 7420 616e 6420 3220 n.current and 2 \n+00045130: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7365 6374 696f following sectio\n+00045140: 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 416c 6c20 706c 6174 ns... All plat\n+00045150: 666f 726d 7320 6861 7665 2061 6e20 6172 forms have an ar\n+00045160: 7469 6669 6369 616c 6c79 2047 5255 4220 tificially GRUB \n+00045170: 696d 706f 7365 6420 6469 736b 2073 697a imposed disk siz\n+00045180: 6520 7265 7374 7269 6374 696f 6e0a 6f66 e restriction.of\n+00045190: 2031 2045 6942 2e20 496e 2073 6f6d 6520 1 EiB. In some \n+000451a0: 6361 7365 732c 206c 6172 6765 7220 6469 cases, larger di\n+000451b0: 736b 2073 697a 6573 2063 616e 2062 6520 sk sizes can be \n+000451c0: 7573 6564 2c20 6275 7420 6163 6365 7373 used, but access\n+000451d0: 2077 696c 6c0a 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 6c6c will.not be all\n+000451e0: 6f77 6564 2062 6579 6f6e 6420 3120 4569 owed beyond 1 Ei\n+000451f0: 422e 0a0a 2020 204c 554b 5332 2064 6576 B... LUKS2 dev\n+00045200: 6963 6573 2077 6974 6820 7369 7a65 206c ices with size l\n+00045210: 6172 6765 7220 7468 616e 2031 3620 4569 arger than 16 Ei\n+00045220: 4220 6172 6520 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 B are currently \n+00045230: 6e6f 740a 7375 7070 6f72 7465 642e 2020 not.supported. \n+00045240: 5468 6579 2063 616e 206e 6f74 2062 6520 They can not be \n+00045250: 6372 6561 7465 6420 6173 2063 7279 7074 created as crypt\n+00045260: 6f20 6465 7669 6365 7320 6279 2063 7279 o devices by cry\n+00045270: 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 736f 0a63 616e ptomount, so.can\n+00045280: 206e 6f74 2065 7665 6e20 6265 2070 6172 not even be par\n+00045290: 7469 616c 6c79 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d tially read from\n+000452a0: 2e20 204c 554b 5320 6861 7665 206e 6f20 . LUKS have no \n+000452b0: 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 7320 6f74 6865 limitations othe\n+000452c0: 720a 7468 616e 2074 686f 7365 2069 6d70 r.than those imp\n+000452d0: 6f73 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 666f 726d osed by the form\n+000452e0: 6174 2e0a 0a20 2020 4152 4320 706c 6174 at... ARC plat\n+000452f0: 666f 726d 2069 7320 756e 6162 6c65 2074 form is unable t\n+00045300: 6f20 6368 616e 6765 2064 6174 6574 696d o change datetim\n+00045310: 6520 2866 6972 6d77 6172 6520 646f 6573 e (firmware does\n+00045320: 6e27 7420 7365 656d 2074 6f0a 7072 6f76 n't seem to.prov\n+00045330: 6964 6520 6120 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2066 ide a function f\n+00045340: 6f72 2069 7429 2e20 2045 4d55 2068 6173 or it). EMU has\n+00045350: 2073 696d 696c 6172 206c 696d 6974 6174 similar limitat\n+00045360: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 454d 5520 ion... On EMU \n+00045370: 706c 6174 666f 726d 206e 6f20 7365 7269 platform no seri\n+00045380: 616c 2070 6f72 7420 6973 2061 7661 696c al port is avail\n+00045390: 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 436f 6e73 6f6c able... Consol\n+000453a0: 6520 6368 6172 7365 7420 7265 6665 7273 e charset refers\n+000453b0: 206f 6e6c 7920 746f 2066 6972 6d77 6172 only to firmwar\n+000453c0: 652d 6173 7369 7374 6564 2063 6f6e 736f e-assisted conso\n+000453d0: 6c65 2e20 2067 6678 7465 726d 2069 730a le. gfxterm is.\n+000453e0: 616c 7761 7973 2055 6e69 636f 6465 2028 always Unicode (\n+000453f0: 7365 6520 496e 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 see Internationa\n+00045400: 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 2073 6563 7469 6f6e lisation section\n+00045410: 2066 6f72 2069 7473 206c 696d 6974 6174 for its limitat\n+00045420: 696f 6e73 292e 0a53 6572 6961 6c20 6973 ions)..Serial is\n+00045430: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 626c 6520 746f configurable to\n+00045440: 2055 5446 2d38 206f 7220 4153 4349 4920 UTF-8 or ASCII \n+00045450: 2873 6565 2049 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e (see Internation\n+00045460: 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e29 2e20 2049 6e0a alisation). In.\n+00045470: 6361 7365 206f 6620 7165 6d75 2061 6e64 case of qemu and\n+00045480: 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 706f 7274 7320 coreboot ports \n+00045490: 7468 6520 7265 6665 7265 6420 636f 6e73 the refered cons\n+000454a0: 6f6c 6520 6973 2076 6761 5f74 6578 742e ole is vga_text.\n+000454b0: 0a4c 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e20 616c 7761 7973 .Loongson always\n+000454c0: 2075 7365 7320 6766 7874 6572 6d2e 0a0a uses gfxterm...\n+000454d0: 2020 204d 6f73 7420 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 Most limited \n+000454e0: 6f6e 6520 6973 2041 5343 4949 2e20 4350 one is ASCII. CP\n+000454f0: 3433 3720 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2061 6464 437 provides add\n+00045500: 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 790a 7073 6575 646f itionally.pseudo\n+00045510: 6772 6170 6869 6373 2e20 2047 5255 4232 graphics. GRUB2\n+00045520: 2064 6f65 736e 2774 2075 7365 2061 6e79 doesn't use any\n+00045530: 206c 616e 6775 6167 6520 6368 6172 6163 language charac\n+00045540: 7465 7273 2066 726f 6d20 4350 3433 3720 ters from CP437 \n+00045550: 6173 0a6f 6674 656e 2043 5034 3337 2069 as.often CP437 i\n+00045560: 7320 7265 706c 6163 6564 2062 7920 6e61 s replaced by na\n+00045570: 7469 6f6e 616c 2065 6e63 6f64 696e 6720 tional encoding \n+00045580: 636f 6d70 6174 6962 6c65 206f 6e6c 7920 compatible only \n+00045590: 696e 0a70 7365 7564 6f67 7261 7068 6963 in.pseudographic\n+000455a0: 732e 2020 556e 6963 6f64 6520 6973 2074 s. Unicode is t\n+000455b0: 6865 206d 6f73 7420 7665 7273 6174 696c he most versatil\n+000455c0: 6520 6368 6172 7365 7420 7768 6963 6820 e charset which \n+000455d0: 7375 7070 6f72 7473 0a6d 616e 7920 6c61 supports.many la\n+000455e0: 6e67 7561 6765 732e 2020 486f 7765 7665 nguages. Howeve\n+000455f0: 7220 7468 6520 6163 7475 616c 2063 6f6e r the actual con\n+00045600: 736f 6c65 206d 6179 2062 6520 6d75 6368 sole may be much\n+00045610: 206d 6f72 6520 6c69 6d69 7465 640a 6465 more limited.de\n+00045620: 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2066 6972 6d77 pending on firmw\n+00045630: 6172 650a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2042 494f 532c are.. On BIOS,\n+00045640: 206e 6574 776f 726b 2069 7320 7375 7070 network is supp\n+00045650: 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e 6c79 2069 6620 7468 orted only if th\n+00045660: 6520 696d 6167 6520 6973 206c 6f61 6465 e image is loade\n+00045670: 6420 7468 726f 7567 680a 6e65 7477 6f72 d through.networ\n+00045680: 6b2e 2020 4f6e 2073 7061 7263 3634 2c20 k. On sparc64, \n+00045690: 4752 5542 2069 7320 756e 6162 6c65 2074 GRUB is unable t\n+000456a0: 6f20 6465 7465 726d 696e 6520 7768 6963 o determine whic\n+000456b0: 6820 7365 7276 6572 2069 7420 7761 730a h server it was.\n+000456c0: 626f 6f74 6564 2066 726f 6d2e 0a0a 2020 booted from... \n+000456d0: 2044 6972 6563 7420 4154 412f 4148 4349 Direct ATA/AHCI\n+000456e0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 support allows \n+000456f0: 746f 2063 6972 6375 6d76 656e 7420 7661 to circumvent va\n+00045700: 7269 6f75 7320 6669 726d 7761 7265 0a6c rious firmware.l\n+00045710: 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 2062 7574 2069 imitations but i\n+00045720: 736e 2774 206e 6565 6465 6420 666f 7220 sn't needed for \n+00045730: 6e6f 726d 616c 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e normal operation\n+00045740: 2065 7863 6570 7420 6f6e 2062 6172 656d except on barem\n+00045750: 6574 616c 0a70 6f72 7473 2e0a 0a20 2020 etal.ports... \n+00045760: 4154 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 7375 7070 AT keyboard supp\n+00045770: 6f72 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 206b 6579 626f ort allows keybo\n+00045780: 6172 6420 6c61 796f 7574 2072 656d 6170 ard layout remap\n+00045790: 7069 6e67 2061 6e64 2073 7570 706f 7274 ping and support\n+000457a0: 2066 6f72 0a6b 6579 7320 6e6f 7420 6176 for.keys not av\n+000457b0: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7468 726f 7567 6820 ailable through \n+000457c0: 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e20 2049 7420 6973 firmware. It is\n+000457d0: 6e27 7420 6e65 6564 6564 2066 6f72 206e n't needed for n\n+000457e0: 6f72 6d61 6c0a 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e20 ormal.operation \n+000457f0: 6578 6365 7074 2062 6172 656d 6574 616c except baremetal\n+00045800: 2070 6f72 7473 2e0a 0a20 2020 5370 6561 ports... Spea\n+00045810: 6b65 7220 616c 6c6f 7773 206d 6f72 7365 ker allows morse\n+00045820: 2061 6e64 2073 706b 6d6f 6465 6d20 636f and spkmodem co\n+00045830: 6d6d 756e 6963 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 mmunication... \n+00045840: 2055 5342 2073 7570 706f 7274 2070 726f USB support pro\n+00045850: 7669 6465 7320 6265 6e65 6669 7473 2073 vides benefits s\n+00045860: 696d 696c 6172 2074 6f20 4154 4120 2866 imilar to ATA (f\n+00045870: 6f72 2055 5342 2064 6973 6b73 2920 6f72 or USB disks) or\n+00045880: 2041 540a 2866 6f72 2055 5342 206b 6579 AT.(for USB key\n+00045890: 626f 6172 6473 292e 2020 496e 2061 6464 boards). In add\n+000458a0: 6974 696f 6e20 6974 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 ition it allows \n+000458b0: 5553 4273 6572 6961 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2043 USBserial... C\n+000458c0: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 7265 6665 hainloading refe\n+000458d0: 7273 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6162 696c 6974 rs to the abilit\n+000458e0: 7920 746f 206c 6f61 6420 616e 6f74 6865 y to load anothe\n+000458f0: 7220 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2074 6872 r bootloader thr\n+00045900: 6f75 6768 0a74 6865 2073 616d 6520 7072 ough.the same pr\n+00045910: 6f74 6f63 6f6c 0a0a 2020 2048 696e 7473 otocol.. Hints\n+00045920: 2061 6c6c 6f77 2066 6173 7465 7220 6469 allow faster di\n+00045930: 736b 2064 6973 636f 7665 7279 2062 7920 sk discovery by \n+00045940: 616c 7265 6164 7920 6b6e 6f77 696e 6720 already knowing \n+00045950: 696e 2061 6476 616e 6365 2077 6869 6368 in advance which\n+00045960: 0a69 7320 7468 6520 6469 736b 2069 6e20 .is the disk in \n+00045970: 7175 6573 7469 6f6e 2e20 204f 6e20 736f question. On so\n+00045980: 6d65 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2068 696e me platforms hin\n+00045990: 7473 2061 7265 2063 6f72 7265 6374 2075 ts are correct u\n+000459a0: 6e6c 6573 7320 796f 750a 6d6f 7665 2074 nless you.move t\n+000459b0: 6865 2064 6973 6b20 6265 7477 6565 6e20 he disk between \n+000459c0: 626f 6f74 732e 2020 4f6e 206f 7468 6572 boots. On other\n+000459d0: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2069 7427 7320 platforms it's \n+000459e0: 6a75 7374 2061 6e20 6564 7563 6174 6564 just an educated\n+000459f0: 0a67 7565 7373 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 .guess. Note th\n+00045a00: 6174 2068 696e 7420 6661 696c 7572 6520 at hint failure \n+00045a10: 7265 7375 6c74 7320 696e 206a 7573 7420 results in just \n+00045a20: 7265 6475 6365 6420 7065 7266 6f72 6d61 reduced performa\n+00045a30: 6e63 652c 206e 6f74 0a61 2066 6169 6c75 nce, not.a failu\n+00045a40: 7265 0a0a 2020 2042 6164 5241 4d20 6973 re.. BadRAM is\n+00045a50: 2074 6865 2061 6269 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 the ability to \n+00045a60: 6d61 726b 2073 6f6d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 mark some of the\n+00045a70: 2052 414d 2061 7320 2262 6164 222e 2020 RAM as \"bad\". \n+00045a80: 4e6f 7465 3a20 6475 6520 746f 0a70 726f Note: due to.pro\n+00045a90: 746f 636f 6c20 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e tocol limitation\n+00045aa0: 7320 6d69 7073 2d6c 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e20 s mips-loongson \n+00045ab0: 2877 6974 6820 4c69 6e75 7820 7072 6f74 (with Linux prot\n+00045ac0: 6f63 6f6c 2920 616e 640a 6d69 7073 2d71 ocol) and.mips-q\n+00045ad0: 656d 755f 6d69 7073 2063 616e 2075 7365 emu_mips can use\n+00045ae0: 206f 6e6c 7920 6d65 6d6f 7279 2075 7020 only memory up \n+00045af0: 746f 2066 6972 7374 2068 6f6c 652e 0a0a to first hole...\n+00045b00: 2020 2042 6f6f 746c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 Bootlocation \n+00045b10: 6973 2061 6269 6c69 7479 206f 6620 4752 is ability of GR\n+00045b20: 5542 2074 6f20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 UB to automatica\n+00045b30: 6c6c 7920 6465 7465 6374 2077 6865 7265 lly detect where\n+00045b40: 2069 740a 626f 6f74 7320 6672 6f6d 2e20 it.boots from. \n+00045b50: 2022 6469 736b 2220 6d65 616e 7320 7468 \"disk\" means th\n+00045b60: 6520 6465 7465 6374 696f 6e20 6973 206c e detection is l\n+00045b70: 696d 6974 6564 2074 6f20 6465 7465 6374 imited to detect\n+00045b80: 696e 6720 7468 6520 6469 736b 0a77 6974 ing the disk.wit\n+00045b90: 6820 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6265 696e h partition bein\n+00045ba0: 6720 6469 7363 6f76 6572 6564 206f 6e20 g discovered on \n+00045bb0: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 7469 6d65 2e20 2022 install time. \"\n+00045bc0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e22 206d 6561 6e73 partition\" means\n+00045bd0: 2074 6861 740a 6469 736b 2061 6e64 2070 that.disk and p\n+00045be0: 6172 7469 746f 6e20 6361 6e20 6265 2061 artiton can be a\n+00045bf0: 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2064 6973 utomatically dis\n+00045c00: 636f 7665 7265 642e 2020 2266 696c 6522 covered. \"file\"\n+00045c10: 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 740a 626f 6f74 means that.boot\n+00045c20: 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 image file name\n+00045c30: 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 6469 736b as well as disk\n+00045c40: 2061 6e64 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2063 and partition c\n+00045c50: 616e 2062 6520 6469 7363 6f76 6572 6564 an be discovered\n+00045c60: 2e0a 466f 7220 636f 6e73 6973 7465 6e63 ..For consistenc\n+00045c70: 792c 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 6e73 7461 y, default insta\n+00045c80: 6c6c 2069 676e 6f72 6573 2070 6172 7469 ll ignores parti\n+00045c90: 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 2072 656c 6965 7320 tion and relies \n+00045ca0: 736f 6c65 6c79 206f 6e0a 6469 736b 2064 solely on.disk d\n+00045cb0: 6574 6563 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 6620 6e6f etection. If no\n+00045cc0: 2062 6f6f 746c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6469 bootlocation di\n+00045cd0: 7363 6f76 6572 7920 6973 2061 7661 696c scovery is avail\n+00045ce0: 6162 6c65 206f 7220 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 able or boot and\n+00045cf0: 0a67 7275 622d 726f 6f74 2064 6973 6b73 .grub-root disks\n+00045d00: 2061 7265 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2c20 are different, \n+00045d10: 5555 4944 2069 7320 7573 6564 2069 6e73 UUID is used ins\n+00045d20: 7465 6164 2e20 204f 6e20 4152 4320 6966 tead. On ARC if\n+00045d30: 206e 6f0a 6465 7669 6365 2074 6f20 696e no.device to in\n+00045d40: 7374 616c 6c20 746f 2069 7320 7370 6563 stall to is spec\n+00045d50: 6966 6965 642c 2055 5549 4420 6973 2075 ified, UUID is u\n+00045d60: 7365 6420 696e 7374 6561 6420 6173 2077 sed instead as w\n+00045d70: 656c 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ell... \n+00045d80: 2020 2020 2042 494f 5320 2020 2020 2020 BIOS \n+00045d90: 2020 2020 436f 7265 626f 6f74 2020 2020 Coreboot \n+00045da0: 2020 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2020 2020 Multiboot \n+00045db0: 2020 5165 6d75 0a76 6964 656f 2020 2020 Qemu.video \n+00045dc0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045dd0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045de0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045df0: 2020 2079 6573 0a63 6f6e 736f 6c65 2020 yes.console \n+00045e00: 2020 2020 2020 4350 3433 3720 2020 2020 CP437 \n+00045e10: 2020 2020 2043 5034 3337 2020 2020 2020 CP437 \n+00045e20: 2020 2020 4350 3433 3720 2020 2020 2020 CP437 \n+00045e30: 2020 2043 5034 3337 0a63 6861 7273 6574 CP437.charset\n+00045e40: 0a6e 6574 776f 726b 2020 2020 2020 2020 .network \n+00045e50: 7965 7320 282a 2920 2020 2020 2020 206e yes (*) n\n+00045e60: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n+00045e70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a no.\n+00045e80: 4154 412f 4148 4349 2020 2020 2020 2079 ATA/AHCI y\n+00045e90: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n+00045ea0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n+00045eb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n+00045ec0: 4154 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 2020 2079 AT keyboard y\n+00045ed0: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n+00045ee0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n+00045ef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n+00045f00: 5370 6561 6b65 7220 2020 2020 2020 2079 Speaker y\n+00045f10: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n+00045f20: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n+00045f30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n+00045f40: 5553 4220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 USB y\n+00045f50: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n+00045f60: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n+00045f70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n+00045f80: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 206c chainloader l\n+00045f90: 6f63 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ocal ye\n+00045fa0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n+00045fb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 no.c\n+00045fc0: 7075 6964 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 puid pa\n+00045fd0: 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 rtial par\n+00045fe0: 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 tial part\n+00045ff0: 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 ial parti\n+00046000: 616c 0a72 646d 7372 2020 2020 2020 2020 al.rdmsr \n+00046010: 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 partial \n+00046020: 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 partial \n+00046030: 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 partial p\n+00046040: 6172 7469 616c 0a77 726d 7372 2020 2020 artial.wrmsr \n+00046050: 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 partial \n+00046060: 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 partial \n+00046070: 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 partial \n+00046080: 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 0a68 696e 7473 partial.hints\n+00046090: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6775 6573 7320 guess \n+000460a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7565 7373 2020 guess \n+000460b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6775 6573 7320 2020 guess \n+000460c0: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7565 7373 0a50 4349 guess.PCI\n+000460d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n+000460e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+000460f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+00046100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a62 6164 yes.bad\n+00046110: 7261 6d20 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 ram yes \n+00046120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+00046130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+00046140: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a63 6f6d yes.com\n+00046150: 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 2020 2020 616c 7761 pression alwa\n+00046160: 7973 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6f69 6e74 ys point\n+00046170: 6c65 7373 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 less no \n+00046180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6578 6974 no.exit\n+00046190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+000461a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n+000461b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n+000461c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a62 6f6f 746c no.bootl\n+000461d0: 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 2020 6469 736b 2020 ocation disk \n+000461e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n+000461f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046200: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 0a20 2020 2020 no.. \n+00046210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6961 3332 2045 ia32 E\n+00046220: 4649 2020 2020 2020 2061 6d64 3634 2045 FI amd64 E\n+00046230: 4649 2020 2020 2020 6961 3332 2020 2020 FI ia32 \n+00046240: 2020 2020 2020 2049 7461 6e69 756d 0a20 Itanium. \n+00046250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00046260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00046270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00046280: 4945 4545 3132 3735 0a76 6964 656f 2020 IEEE1275.video \n-00046290: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-000462a0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000462b0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000462c0: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 no.console \n-000462d0: 2020 2020 2020 2055 6e69 636f 6465 2020 Unicode \n-000462e0: 2020 2020 2020 556e 6963 6f64 6520 2020 Unicode \n-000462f0: 2020 2020 2041 5343 4949 2020 2020 2020 ASCII \n-00046300: 2020 2020 556e 6963 6f64 650a 6368 6172 Unicode.char\n-00046310: 7365 740a 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 2020 2020 set.network \n-00046320: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046330: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046340: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046350: 7965 730a 4154 412f 4148 4349 2020 2020 yes.ATA/AHCI \n-00046360: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046370: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046380: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046390: 6e6f 0a41 5420 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2020 no.AT keyboard \n-000463a0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000463b0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000463c0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e yes n\n-000463d0: 6f0a 5370 6561 6b65 7220 2020 2020 2020 o.Speaker \n-000463e0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000463f0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n-00046400: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f es no\n-00046410: 0a55 5342 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .USB \n-00046420: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n-00046430: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n-00046440: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a s no.\n-00046450: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 206c chainloader l\n-00046460: 6f63 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c6f ocal lo\n-00046470: 6361 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 cal no \n-00046480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c6f 6361 loca\n-00046490: 6c0a 6370 7569 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 l.cpuid \n-000464a0: 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 partial \n-000464b0: 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 partial p\n-000464c0: 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f artial no\n-000464d0: 0a72 646d 7372 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .rdmsr \n-000464e0: 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 partial p\n-000464f0: 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 artial pa\n-00046500: 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a rtial no.\n-00046510: 7772 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 wrmsr p\n-00046520: 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 artial pa\n-00046530: 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 rtial par\n-00046540: 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a68 tial no.h\n-00046550: 696e 7473 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6775 ints gu\n-00046560: 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7565 ess gue\n-00046570: 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 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7320 2020 yes \n+00046660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00046670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+00046680: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a62 6f6f 746c yes.bootl\n+00046690: 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 2020 6669 6c65 2020 ocation file \n+000466a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 2020 file \n+000466b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2c20 2020 file, \n+000466c0: 2020 2020 2020 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 file. \n 000466d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 000466e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000466f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 676e ign\n-00046700: 6f72 6564 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ored.. \n-00046710: 2020 2020 204c 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e20 2020 Loongson \n-00046720: 2020 2020 7370 6172 6336 3420 2020 2020 sparc64 \n-00046730: 2020 2050 6f77 6572 7063 2020 2020 2020 Powerpc \n-00046740: 2020 4152 430a 7669 6465 6f20 2020 2020 ARC.video \n-00046750: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046760: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046770: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046780: 2020 6e6f 0a63 6f6e 736f 6c65 2020 2020 no.console \n-00046790: 2020 2020 4e2f 4120 2020 2020 2020 2020 N/A \n-000467a0: 2020 2041 5343 4949 2020 2020 2020 2020 ASCII \n-000467b0: 2020 4153 4349 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 ASCII \n-000467c0: 2041 5343 4949 0a63 6861 7273 6574 0a6e ASCII.charset.n\n-000467d0: 6574 776f 726b 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f etwork no\n-000467e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n-000467f0: 2028 2a29 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 (*) yes \n-00046800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 4154 no.AT\n-00046810: 412f 4148 4349 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 A/AHCI yes\n-00046820: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n-00046830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n-00046840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 5420 no.AT \n-00046850: 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2020 2020 7965 7320 keyboard yes \n-00046860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n-00046870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n-00046880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 5370 6561 no.Spea\n-00046890: 6b65 7220 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 ker no \n-000468a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n-000468b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n-000468c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a55 5342 2020 no.USB \n-000468d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-000468e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n-000468f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046900: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6368 6169 6e6c no.chainl\n-00046910: 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 oader yes \n-00046920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046930: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046940: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 7075 6964 2020 no.cpuid \n-00046950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046960: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046970: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046980: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 7264 6d73 7220 2020 no.rdmsr \n-00046990: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000469a0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000469b0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000469c0: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a77 726d 7372 2020 2020 no.wrmsr \n-000469d0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000469e0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000469f0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046a00: 2020 206e 6f0a 6869 6e74 7320 2020 2020 no.hints \n-00046a10: 2020 2020 2067 6f6f 6420 2020 2020 2020 good \n-00046a20: 2020 2020 676f 6f64 2020 2020 2020 2020 good \n-00046a30: 2020 2067 6f6f 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 good \n-00046a40: 2020 6e6f 0a50 4349 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.PCI \n-00046a50: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046a60: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046a70: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046a80: 206e 6f0a 6261 6472 616d 2020 2020 2020 no.badram \n-00046a90: 2020 2079 6573 2028 2a29 2020 2020 2020 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7165 6d75 2020 2020 2020 MIPS qemu \n-00046bb0: 656d 7520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2078 emu x\n-00046bc0: 656e 0a76 6964 656f 2020 2020 2020 2020 en.video \n-00046bd0: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046be0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046bf0: 6e6f 0a63 6f6e 736f 6c65 2020 2020 2020 no.console \n-00046c00: 2020 4350 3433 3720 2020 2020 2020 2020 CP437 \n-00046c10: 2055 6e69 636f 6465 2028 2a29 2020 2020 Unicode (*) \n-00046c20: 4153 4349 490a 6368 6172 7365 740a 6e65 ASCII.charset.ne\n-00046c30: 7477 6f72 6b20 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 twork no \n-00046c40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-00046c50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 4154 no.AT\n-00046c60: 412f 4148 4349 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 A/AHCI yes\n-00046c70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n-00046c80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 4154 no.AT\n-00046c90: 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 2020 2079 6573 keyboard yes\n-00046ca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n-00046cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 5370 no.Sp\n-00046cc0: 6561 6b65 7220 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 eaker no \n-00046cd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n-00046ce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 5553 no.US\n-00046cf0: 4220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204e 2f41 B N/A\n-00046d00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-00046d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6368 no.ch\n-00046d20: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2079 6573 ainloader yes\n-00046d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n-00046d40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a63 yes.c\n-00046d50: 7075 6964 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f puid no\n-00046d60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n-00046d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n-00046d80: 7264 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e rdmsr n\n-00046d90: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n-00046da0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n-00046db0: 0a77 726d 7372 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .wrmsr \n-00046dc0: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n-00046dd0: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 o ye\n-00046de0: 730a 6869 6e74 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 s.hints \n-00046df0: 2067 7565 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 guess \n-00046e00: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n-00046e10: 6f0a 5043 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o.PCI \n-00046e20: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046e30: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n-00046e40: 6f0a 6261 6472 616d 2020 2020 2020 2020 o.badram \n-00046e50: 2079 6573 2028 2a29 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes (*) \n-00046e60: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n-00046e70: 6f0a 636f 6d70 7265 7373 696f 6e20 2020 o.compression \n-00046e80: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 626c 6520 2020 configurable \n-00046e90: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n-00046ea0: 6f0a 6578 6974 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o.exit \n-00046eb0: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046ec0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e yes n\n-00046ed0: 6f0a 626f 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2020 o.bootlocation \n-00046ee0: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046ef0: 6669 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e file n\n-00046f00: 6f0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e o....File: grub.\n-00046f10: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2050 6c61 info, Node: Pla\n-00046f20: 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206f tform-specific o\n-00046f30: 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 732c 2020 4e65 7874 perations, Next\n-00046f40: 3a20 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6b65 726e : Supported kern\n-00046f50: 656c 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 506c 6174 els, Prev: Plat\n-00046f60: 666f 726d 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 form limitations\n-00046f70: 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3231 204f , Up: Top..21 O\n-00046f80: 7574 6c69 6e65 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a utline.*********\n-00046f90: 2a0a 0a53 6f6d 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d *..Some platform\n-00046fa0: 7320 6861 7665 2066 6561 7475 7265 7320 s have features \n-00046fb0: 7768 6963 6820 616c 6c6f 7773 2074 6f20 which allows to \n-00046fc0: 696d 706c 656d 656e 7420 736f 6d65 2063 implement some c\n-00046fd0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 7573 656c 6573 7320 ommands.useless \n-00046fe0: 6f72 206e 6f74 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 or not implement\n-00046ff0: 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 6f74 6865 7273 2e0a able on others..\n-00047000: 0a20 2020 5175 6963 6b20 7375 6d6d 6172 . Quick summar\n-00047010: 793a 0a0a 2020 2049 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 y:.. Informati\n-00047020: 6f6e 2072 6574 7269 6576 616c 3a0a 0a20 on retrieval:.. \n-00047030: 2020 e280 a220 6d69 7073 656c 2d6c 6f6f ... mipsel-loo\n-00047040: 6e67 736f 6e3a 206c 7373 7064 0a20 2020 ngson: lsspd. \n-00047050: e280 a220 6d69 7073 2d61 7263 3a20 6c73 ... mips-arc: ls\n-00047060: 6465 760a 2020 20e2 80a2 2065 6669 3a20 dev. ... efi: \n-00047070: 6c73 6566 6973 7973 7461 622c 206c 7373 lsefisystab, lss\n-00047080: 616c 2c20 6c73 6566 696d 6d61 702c 206c al, lsefimmap, l\n-00047090: 7365 6669 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6933 3836 sefi. ... i386\n-000470a0: 2d70 633a 206c 7361 706d 0a20 2020 e280 -pc: lsapm. ..\n-000470b0: a220 6933 3836 2d63 6f72 6562 6f6f 743a . i386-coreboot:\n-000470c0: 206c 7363 6f72 6562 6f6f 742c 2063 6f72 lscoreboot, cor\n-000470d0: 6562 6f6f 745f 626f 6f74 7469 6d65 2c20 eboot_boottime, \n-000470e0: 6362 6d65 6d63 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6163 cbmemc. ... ac\n-000470f0: 7069 2d65 6e61 626c 6564 2028 6933 3836 pi-enabled (i386\n-00047100: 2d70 632c 2069 3338 362d 636f 7265 626f -pc, i386-corebo\n-00047110: 6f74 2c20 6933 3836 2d6d 756c 7469 626f ot, i386-multibo\n-00047120: 6f74 2c20 2a2d 6566 6929 3a0a 2020 2020 ot, *-efi):. \n-00047130: 206c 7361 6370 690a 0a20 2020 576f 726b lsacpi.. Work\n-00047140: 6172 6f75 6e64 7320 666f 7220 706c 6174 arounds for plat\n-00047150: 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6973 form-specific is\n-00047160: 7375 6573 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 sues:. ... i38\n-00047170: 362d 6566 692f 7838 365f 3634 2d65 6669 6-efi/x86_64-efi\n-00047180: 3a20 6c6f 6164 6269 6f73 2c20 6661 6b65 : loadbios, fake\n-00047190: 6269 6f73 2c20 6669 785f 7669 6465 6f0a bios, fix_video.\n-000471a0: 2020 20e2 80a2 2061 6370 692d 656e 6162 ... acpi-enab\n-000471b0: 6c65 6420 2869 3338 362d 7063 2c20 6933 led (i386-pc, i3\n-000471c0: 3836 2d63 6f72 6562 6f6f 742c 2069 3338 86-coreboot, i38\n-000471d0: 362d 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 202a 2d65 6-multiboot, *-e\n-000471e0: 6669 293a 2061 6370 690a 2020 2020 2028 fi): acpi. (\n-000471f0: 6f76 6572 7269 6465 2041 4350 4920 7461 override ACPI ta\n-00047200: 626c 6573 290a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 bles). ... i38\n-00047210: 362d 7063 3a20 6472 6976 656d 6170 0a20 6-pc: drivemap. \n-00047220: 2020 e280 a220 6933 3836 2d70 633a 2073 ... i386-pc: s\n-00047230: 656e 646b 6579 0a0a 2020 2041 6476 616e endkey.. Advan\n-00047240: 6365 6420 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e73 2066 ced operations f\n-00047250: 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2075 7365 7273 3a0a or power users:.\n-00047260: 2020 20e2 80a2 2078 3836 3a20 696f 7277 ... x86: iorw\n-00047270: 2028 6469 7265 6374 2061 6363 6573 7320 (direct access \n-00047280: 746f 2049 2f4f 2070 6f72 7473 290a 0a20 to I/O ports).. \n-00047290: 2020 4d69 7363 656c 616e 656f 7573 3a0a Miscelaneous:.\n-000472a0: 2020 20e2 80a2 2063 6d6f 7320 2878 3836 ... cmos (x86\n-000472b0: 2d2a 2c20 6965 6565 3132 3735 2c20 6d69 -*, ieee1275, mi\n-000472c0: 7073 2d71 656d 755f 6d69 7073 2c20 6d69 ps-qemu_mips, mi\n-000472d0: 7073 2d6c 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e29 3a20 636d ps-loongson): cm\n-000472e0: 6f73 7465 7374 0a20 2020 2020 2875 7365 ostest. (use\n-000472f0: 6420 6f6e 2073 6f6d 6520 6c61 7074 6f70 d on some laptop\n-00047300: 7320 746f 2063 6865 636b 2066 6f72 2073 s to check for s\n-00047310: 7065 6369 616c 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 pecial power-on \n-00047320: 6b65 7929 2c20 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6e0a key), cmosclean.\n-00047330: 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 362d 7063 3a20 ... i386-pc: \n-00047340: 706c 6179 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 play....File: gr\n-00047350: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00047360: 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6b65 726e 656c Supported kernel\n-00047370: 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5472 6f75 626c s, Next: Troubl\n-00047380: 6573 686f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5072 6576 eshooting, Prev\n-00047390: 3a20 506c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 : Platform-speci\n-000473a0: 6669 6320 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 fic operations, \n-000473b0: 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3232 2053 7570 Up: Top..22 Sup\n-000473c0: 706f 7274 6564 2062 6f6f 7420 7461 7267 ported boot targ\n-000473d0: 6574 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ets.************\n-000473e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a58 *************..X\n-000473f0: 3836 2073 7570 706f 7274 2069 7320 7375 86 support is su\n-00047400: 6d6d 6172 6973 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 mmarised in the \n-00047410: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7461 626c 652e following table.\n-00047420: 2020 2259 6573 2220 6d65 616e 7320 7468 \"Yes\" means th\n-00047430: 6174 2074 6865 0a6b 6572 6e65 6c20 776f at the.kernel wo\n-00047440: 726b 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2067 6976 656e rks on the given\n-00047450: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2c 2022 6372 6173 platform, \"cras\n-00047460: 6865 7322 206d 6561 6e73 2061 6e20 6561 hes\" means an ea\n-00047470: 726c 7920 6b65 726e 656c 0a63 7261 7368 rly kernel.crash\n-00047480: 2077 6869 6368 2077 6520 686f 7065 2077 which we hope w\n-00047490: 696c 6c20 6265 2066 6978 6564 2062 7920 ill be fixed by \n-000474a0: 636f 6e63 6572 6e65 6420 6b65 726e 656c concerned kernel\n-000474b0: 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6572 732e 2020 226e developers. \"n\n-000474c0: 6f22 0a6d 6561 6e73 2047 5255 4220 646f o\".means GRUB do\n-000474d0: 6573 6e27 7420 6c6f 6164 2074 6865 2067 esn't load the g\n-000474e0: 6976 656e 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f6e 2061 iven kernel on a\n-000474f0: 2067 6976 656e 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2e given platform.\n-00047500: 0a22 6865 6164 6c65 7373 2220 6d65 616e .\"headless\" mean\n-00047510: 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 s that the kerne\n-00047520: 6c20 776f 726b 7320 6275 7420 6c61 636b l works but lack\n-00047530: 7320 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6472 6976 6572 s console driver\n-00047540: 7320 2879 6f75 0a63 616e 2073 7469 6c6c s (you.can still\n-00047550: 2075 7365 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6f72 206e use serial or n\n-00047560: 6574 776f 726b 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 292e etwork console).\n-00047570: 2020 496e 2063 6173 6520 6f66 2022 6e6f In case of \"no\n-00047580: 2220 616e 6420 2263 7261 7368 6573 220a \" and \"crashes\".\n-00047590: 7468 6520 7265 6173 6f6e 2069 7320 6769 the reason is gi\n-000475a0: 7665 6e20 696e 2066 6f6f 746e 6f74 652e ven in footnote.\n-000475b0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+000466f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 676e 6f72 6564 ignored\n+00046700: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .. \n+00046710: 204c 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e20 2020 2020 2020 Loongson \n+00046720: 7370 6172 6336 3420 2020 2020 2020 2050 sparc64 P\n+00046730: 6f77 6572 7063 2020 2020 2020 2020 4152 owerpc AR\n+00046740: 430a 7669 6465 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 C.video \n+00046750: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046760: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 no y\n+00046770: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f es no\n+00046780: 0a63 6f6e 736f 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 .console \n+00046790: 4e2f 4120 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 N/A A\n+000467a0: 5343 4949 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4153 SCII AS\n+000467b0: 4349 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 5343 CII ASC\n+000467c0: 4949 0a63 6861 7273 6574 0a6e 6574 776f II.charset.netwo\n+000467d0: 726b 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 rk no \n+000467e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2028 2a29 yes (*)\n+000467f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+00046800: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 4154 412f 4148 no.ATA/AH\n+00046810: 4349 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 CI yes \n+00046820: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046830: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046840: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 5420 6b65 7962 no.AT keyb\n+00046850: 6f61 7264 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 oard yes \n+00046860: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046870: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046880: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 5370 6561 6b65 7220 no.Speaker \n+00046890: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000468a0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000468b0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000468c0: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a55 5342 2020 2020 2020 no.USB \n+000468d0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000468e0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000468f0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046900: 2020 206e 6f0a 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 no.chainloade\n+00046910: 7220 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 r yes \n+00046920: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046930: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046940: 2020 6e6f 0a63 7075 6964 2020 2020 2020 no.cpuid \n+00046950: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046960: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046970: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046980: 206e 6f0a 7264 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 no.rdmsr \n+00046990: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000469a0: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000469b0: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000469c0: 6e6f 0a77 726d 7372 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.wrmsr \n+000469d0: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000469e0: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000469f0: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n+00046a00: 6f0a 6869 6e74 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 o.hints \n+00046a10: 2067 6f6f 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 good \n+00046a20: 676f 6f64 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 good g\n+00046a30: 6f6f 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f ood no\n+00046a40: 0a50 4349 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .PCI \n+00046a50: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e yes n\n+00046a60: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n+00046a70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a no.\n+00046a80: 6261 6472 616d 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 badram y\n+00046a90: 6573 2028 2a29 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f es (*) no\n+00046aa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n+00046ab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 no.c\n+00046ac0: 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 2020 2020 636f ompression co\n+00046ad0: 6e66 6967 7572 6162 6c65 2020 206e 6f20 nfigurable no \n+00046ae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n+00046af0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 confi\n+00046b00: 6775 7261 626c 650a 6578 6974 2020 2020 gurable.exit \n+00046b10: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046b20: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046b30: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046b40: 2020 2020 7965 730a 626f 6f74 6c6f 6361 yes.bootloca\n+00046b50: 7469 6f6e 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 tion no \n+00046b60: 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 partition \n+00046b70: 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 2020 2020 2020 file \n+00046b80: 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2028 2a29 0a0a 2020 file (*).. \n+00046b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d 4950 MIP\n+00046ba0: 5320 7165 6d75 2020 2020 2020 656d 7520 S qemu emu \n+00046bb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2078 656e 0a76 xen.v\n+00046bc0: 6964 656f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f ideo no\n+00046bd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n+00046be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 no.c\n+00046bf0: 6f6e 736f 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 4350 onsole CP\n+00046c00: 3433 3720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2055 6e69 437 Uni\n+00046c10: 636f 6465 2028 2a29 2020 2020 4153 4349 code (*) ASCI\n+00046c20: 490a 6368 6172 7365 740a 6e65 7477 6f72 I.charset.networ\n+00046c30: 6b20 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 k no \n+00046c40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+00046c50: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 4154 412f 4148 no.ATA/AH\n+00046c60: 4349 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 CI yes \n+00046c70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046c80: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 4154 206b 6579 no.AT key\n+00046c90: 626f 6172 6420 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 board yes \n+00046ca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046cb0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 5370 6561 6b65 no.Speake\n+00046cc0: 7220 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 r no \n+00046cd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046ce0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 5553 4220 2020 no.USB \n+00046cf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204e 2f41 2020 2020 N/A \n+00046d00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+00046d10: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6368 6169 6e6c no.chainl\n+00046d20: 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 oader yes \n+00046d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046d40: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a63 7075 6964 yes.cpuid\n+00046d50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n+00046d60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n+00046d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 7264 6d73 yes.rdms\n+00046d80: 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 r no \n+00046d90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n+00046da0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a77 726d yes.wrm\n+00046db0: 7372 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 sr no \n+00046dc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n+00046dd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 6869 yes.hi\n+00046de0: 6e74 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7565 nts gue\n+00046df0: 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 ss no \n+00046e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 5043 no.PC\n+00046e10: 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 I no \n+00046e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n+00046e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6261 no.ba\n+00046e40: 6472 616d 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 dram yes\n+00046e50: 2028 2a29 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 (*) no \n+00046e60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 636f no.co\n+00046e70: 6d70 7265 7373 696f 6e20 2020 2063 6f6e mpression con\n+00046e80: 6669 6775 7261 626c 6520 2020 6e6f 2020 figurable no \n+00046e90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6578 no.ex\n+00046ea0: 6974 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 it no \n+00046eb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n+00046ec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 626f no.bo\n+00046ed0: 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2020 206e 6f20 otlocation no \n+00046ee0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6669 6c65 file\n+00046ef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 0a1f no...\n+00046f00: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00046f10: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 , Node: Platfor\n+00046f20: 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206f 7065 7261 m-specific opera\n+00046f30: 7469 6f6e 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5375 tions, Next: Su\n+00046f40: 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6b65 726e 656c 732c pported kernels,\n+00046f50: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 506c 6174 666f 726d Prev: Platform\n+00046f60: 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 2055 limitations, U\n+00046f70: 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3231 204f 7574 6c69 p: Top..21 Outli\n+00046f80: 6e65 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a53 ne.**********..S\n+00046f90: 6f6d 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6861 ome platforms ha\n+00046fa0: 7665 2066 6561 7475 7265 7320 7768 6963 ve features whic\n+00046fb0: 6820 616c 6c6f 7773 2074 6f20 696d 706c h allows to impl\n+00046fc0: 656d 656e 7420 736f 6d65 2063 6f6d 6d61 ement some comma\n+00046fd0: 6e64 730a 7573 656c 6573 7320 6f72 206e nds.useless or n\n+00046fe0: 6f74 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6162 6c65 ot implementable\n+00046ff0: 206f 6e20 6f74 6865 7273 2e0a 0a20 2020 on others... \n+00047000: 5175 6963 6b20 7375 6d6d 6172 793a 0a0a Quick summary:..\n+00047010: 2020 2049 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2072 Information r\n+00047020: 6574 7269 6576 616c 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 etrieval:.. ..\n+00047030: a220 6d69 7073 656c 2d6c 6f6f 6e67 736f . mipsel-loongso\n+00047040: 6e3a 206c 7373 7064 0a20 2020 e280 a220 n: lsspd. ... \n+00047050: 6d69 7073 2d61 7263 3a20 6c73 6465 760a mips-arc: lsdev.\n+00047060: 2020 20e2 80a2 2065 6669 3a20 6c73 6566 ... efi: lsef\n+00047070: 6973 7973 7461 622c 206c 7373 616c 2c20 isystab, lssal, \n+00047080: 6c73 6566 696d 6d61 702c 206c 7365 6669 lsefimmap, lsefi\n+00047090: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6933 3836 2d70 633a . ... i386-pc:\n+000470a0: 206c 7361 706d 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6933 lsapm. ... i3\n+000470b0: 3836 2d63 6f72 6562 6f6f 743a 206c 7363 86-coreboot: lsc\n+000470c0: 6f72 6562 6f6f 742c 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f oreboot, coreboo\n+000470d0: 745f 626f 6f74 7469 6d65 2c20 6362 6d65 t_boottime, cbme\n+000470e0: 6d63 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6163 7069 2d65 mc. ... acpi-e\n+000470f0: 6e61 626c 6564 2028 6933 3836 2d70 632c nabled (i386-pc,\n+00047100: 2069 3338 362d 636f 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 i386-coreboot, \n+00047110: 6933 3836 2d6d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2c20 i386-multiboot, \n+00047120: 2a2d 6566 6929 3a0a 2020 2020 206c 7361 *-efi):. lsa\n+00047130: 6370 690a 0a20 2020 576f 726b 6172 6f75 cpi.. Workarou\n+00047140: 6e64 7320 666f 7220 706c 6174 666f 726d nds for platform\n+00047150: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6973 7375 6573 -specific issues\n+00047160: 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 362d 6566 :. ... i386-ef\n+00047170: 692f 7838 365f 3634 2d65 6669 3a20 6c6f i/x86_64-efi: lo\n+00047180: 6164 6269 6f73 2c20 6661 6b65 6269 6f73 adbios, fakebios\n+00047190: 2c20 6669 785f 7669 6465 6f0a 2020 20e2 , fix_video. .\n+000471a0: 80a2 2061 6370 692d 656e 6162 6c65 6420 .. acpi-enabled \n+000471b0: 2869 3338 362d 7063 2c20 6933 3836 2d63 (i386-pc, i386-c\n+000471c0: 6f72 6562 6f6f 742c 2069 3338 362d 6d75 oreboot, i386-mu\n+000471d0: 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 202a 2d65 6669 293a ltiboot, *-efi):\n+000471e0: 2061 6370 690a 2020 2020 2028 6f76 6572 acpi. (over\n+000471f0: 7269 6465 2041 4350 4920 7461 626c 6573 ride ACPI tables\n+00047200: 290a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 362d 7063 ). ... i386-pc\n+00047210: 3a20 6472 6976 656d 6170 0a20 2020 e280 : drivemap. ..\n+00047220: a220 6933 3836 2d70 633a 2073 656e 646b . i386-pc: sendk\n+00047230: 6579 0a0a 2020 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 ey.. Advanced \n+00047240: 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e73 2066 6f72 2070 operations for p\n+00047250: 6f77 6572 2075 7365 7273 3a0a 2020 20e2 ower users:. .\n+00047260: 80a2 2078 3836 3a20 696f 7277 2028 6469 .. x86: iorw (di\n+00047270: 7265 6374 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f 2049 rect access to I\n+00047280: 2f4f 2070 6f72 7473 290a 0a20 2020 4d69 /O ports).. Mi\n+00047290: 7363 656c 616e 656f 7573 3a0a 2020 20e2 scelaneous:. .\n+000472a0: 80a2 2063 6d6f 7320 2878 3836 2d2a 2c20 .. cmos (x86-*, \n+000472b0: 6965 6565 3132 3735 2c20 6d69 7073 2d71 ieee1275, mips-q\n+000472c0: 656d 755f 6d69 7073 2c20 6d69 7073 2d6c emu_mips, mips-l\n+000472d0: 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e29 3a20 636d 6f73 7465 oongson): cmoste\n+000472e0: 7374 0a20 2020 2020 2875 7365 6420 6f6e st. (used on\n+000472f0: 2073 6f6d 6520 6c61 7074 6f70 7320 746f some laptops to\n+00047300: 2063 6865 636b 2066 6f72 2073 7065 6369 check for speci\n+00047310: 616c 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7929 al power-on key)\n+00047320: 2c20 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6e0a 2020 20e2 , cmosclean. .\n+00047330: 80a2 2069 3338 362d 7063 3a20 706c 6179 .. i386-pc: play\n+00047340: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00047350: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5375 7070 nfo, Node: Supp\n+00047360: 6f72 7465 6420 6b65 726e 656c 732c 2020 orted kernels, \n+00047370: 4e65 7874 3a20 5472 6f75 626c 6573 686f Next: Troublesho\n+00047380: 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 506c oting, Prev: Pl\n+00047390: 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 atform-specific \n+000473a0: 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 2055 703a operations, Up:\n+000473b0: 2054 6f70 0a0a 3232 2053 7570 706f 7274 Top..22 Support\n+000473c0: 6564 2062 6f6f 7420 7461 7267 6574 730a ed boot targets.\n+000473d0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+000473e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a58 3836 2073 *********..X86 s\n+000473f0: 7570 706f 7274 2069 7320 7375 6d6d 6172 upport is summar\n+00047400: 6973 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 666f 6c6c ised in the foll\n+00047410: 6f77 696e 6720 7461 626c 652e 2020 2259 owing table. \"Y\n+00047420: 6573 2220 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 2074 es\" means that t\n+00047430: 6865 0a6b 6572 6e65 6c20 776f 726b 7320 he.kernel works \n+00047440: 6f6e 2074 6865 2067 6976 656e 2070 6c61 on the given pla\n+00047450: 7466 6f72 6d2c 2022 6372 6173 6865 7322 tform, \"crashes\"\n+00047460: 206d 6561 6e73 2061 6e20 6561 726c 7920 means an early \n+00047470: 6b65 726e 656c 0a63 7261 7368 2077 6869 kernel.crash whi\n+00047480: 6368 2077 6520 686f 7065 2077 696c 6c20 ch we hope will \n+00047490: 6265 2066 6978 6564 2062 7920 636f 6e63 be fixed by conc\n+000474a0: 6572 6e65 6420 6b65 726e 656c 2064 6576 erned kernel dev\n+000474b0: 656c 6f70 6572 732e 2020 226e 6f22 0a6d elopers. \"no\".m\n+000474c0: 6561 6e73 2047 5255 4220 646f 6573 6e27 eans GRUB doesn'\n+000474d0: 7420 6c6f 6164 2074 6865 2067 6976 656e t load the given\n+000474e0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f6e 2061 2067 6976 kernel on a giv\n+000474f0: 656e 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2e 0a22 6865 en platform..\"he\n+00047500: 6164 6c65 7373 2220 6d65 616e 7320 7468 adless\" means th\n+00047510: 6174 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 776f at the kernel wo\n+00047520: 726b 7320 6275 7420 6c61 636b 7320 636f rks but lacks co\n+00047530: 6e73 6f6c 6520 6472 6976 6572 7320 2879 nsole drivers (y\n+00047540: 6f75 0a63 616e 2073 7469 6c6c 2075 7365 ou.can still use\n+00047550: 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6f72 206e 6574 776f serial or netwo\n+00047560: 726b 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 292e 2020 496e rk console). In\n+00047570: 2063 6173 6520 6f66 2022 6e6f 2220 616e case of \"no\" an\n+00047580: 6420 2263 7261 7368 6573 220a 7468 6520 d \"crashes\".the \n+00047590: 7265 6173 6f6e 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e20 reason is given \n+000475a0: 696e 2066 6f6f 746e 6f74 652e 0a20 2020 in footnote.. \n+000475b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 000475c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000475d0: 2020 2020 2020 4249 4f53 2020 2020 2020 BIOS \n-000475e0: 2020 2020 2020 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f 740a Coreboot.\n-000475f0: 4249 4f53 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 696e BIOS chainloadin\n-00047600: 6720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 g \n-00047610: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047620: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a4e 544c no (1).NTL\n-00047630: 4452 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 DR \n-00047640: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047650: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047660: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 506c 616e 3920 no (1).Plan9 \n+000475d0: 2020 4249 4f53 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 BIOS \n+000475e0: 2020 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f 740a 4249 4f53 Coreboot.BIOS\n+000475f0: 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 2020 chainloading \n+00047600: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047610: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047620: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a4e 544c 4452 2020 no (1).NTLDR \n+00047630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047640: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n+00047650: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e s n\n+00047660: 6f20 2831 290a 506c 616e 3920 2020 2020 o (1).Plan9 \n 00047670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 y\n-00047690: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n-000476a0: 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6564 6f73 2020 no (1).Freedos \n+00047680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+00047690: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 no (\n+000476a0: 3129 0a46 7265 6564 6f73 2020 2020 2020 1).Freedos \n 000476b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000476c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-000476d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n-000476e0: 2831 290a 4672 6565 4253 4420 626f 6f74 (1).FreeBSD boot\n-000476f0: 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 loader \n-00047700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-00047710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 crashe\n-00047720: 7320 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4672 s (1).32-bit kFr\n-00047730: 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eeBSD \n-00047740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-00047750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 cras\n-00047760: 6865 7320 2835 290a 3634 2d62 6974 206b hes (5).64-bit k\n-00047770: 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 FreeBSD \n-00047780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n-00047790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 cr\n-000477a0: 6173 6865 7320 2835 290a 3332 2d62 6974 ashes (5).32-bit\n-000477b0: 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 kNetBSD \n-000477c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 y\n-000477d0: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n-000477e0: 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a 3634 2d62 crashes (1).64-b\n-000477f0: 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 2020 it kNetBSD \n-00047800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047810: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047820: 2020 6372 6173 6865 730a 3332 2d62 6974 crashes.32-bit\n-00047830: 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 kOpenBSD \n-00047840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 y\n-00047850: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n-00047860: 7965 730a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e yes.64-bit kOpen\n-00047870: 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 BSD \n-00047880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-00047890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 4d75 yes.Mu\n-000478a0: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 ltiboot \n-000478b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000478c0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000478d0: 2020 2020 7965 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f yes.Multiboo\n-000478e0: 7432 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t2 \n-000478f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n-00047900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n-00047910: 730a 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 s.32-bit Linux (\n-00047920: 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 legacy protocol)\n-00047930: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a36 no (1).6\n-00047950: 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286c 6567 4-bit Linux (leg\n-00047960: 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 acy protocol) \n-00047970: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047980: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3332 2d62 no (1).32-b\n-00047990: 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e it Linux (modern\n-000479a0: 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n-000479b0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000479c0: 2020 7965 730a 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e yes.64-bit Lin\n-000479d0: 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f ux (modern proto\n-000479e0: 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 col) yes \n-000479f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n-00047a00: 3332 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 32-bit XNU \n+000476c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+000476d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a no (1).\n+000476e0: 4672 6565 4253 4420 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 FreeBSD bootload\n+000476f0: 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 er \n+00047700: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047710: 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 crashes (1\n+00047720: 290a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 ).32-bit kFreeBS\n+00047730: 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 D \n+00047740: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 crashes \n+00047760: 2835 290a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 (5).64-bit kFree\n+00047770: 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 BSD \n+00047780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00047790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 crashe\n+000477a0: 7320 2835 290a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 s (5).32-bit kNe\n+000477b0: 7442 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tBSD \n+000477c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+000477d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 cras\n+000477e0: 6865 7320 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 206b hes (1).64-bit k\n+000477f0: 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 NetBSD \n+00047800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n+00047810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 cr\n+00047820: 6173 6865 730a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 ashes.32-bit kOp\n+00047830: 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 enBSD \n+00047840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+00047850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n+00047860: 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 64-bit kOpenBSD \n+00047870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047880: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047890: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 yes.Multib\n+000478a0: 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oot \n+000478b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 y\n+000478c0: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n+000478d0: 7965 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 2020 yes.Multiboot2 \n+000478e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000478f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00047900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 yes.32\n+00047910: 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 -bit Linux (lega\n+00047920: 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 cy protocol) \n+00047930: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047940: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a36 342d 6269 no (1).64-bi\n+00047950: 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 t Linux (legacy \n+00047960: 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n+00047970: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047980: 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 204c no (1).32-bit L\n+00047990: 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f inux (modern pro\n+000479a0: 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 tocol) yes\n+000479b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n+000479c0: 730a 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 s.64-bit Linux (\n+000479d0: 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 modern protocol)\n+000479e0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000479f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 yes.32-b\n+00047a00: 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 it XNU \n 00047a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047a20: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047a30: 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3634 2d62 6974 2058 ?.64-bit X\n-00047a40: 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 NU \n-00047a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n-00047a60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a ?.\n-00047a70: 3332 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 32-bit EFI chain\n-00047a80: 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 loader \n-00047a90: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 2920 2020 2020 no (2) \n-00047aa0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a36 342d no (2).64-\n-00047ab0: 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 bit EFI chainloa\n-00047ac0: 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 der \n-00047ad0: 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n-00047ae0: 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 4170 706c 656c no (2).Applel\n-00047af0: 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oader \n-00047b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n-00047b10: 6f20 2832 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o (2) \n-00047b20: 6e6f 2028 3229 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (2).. \n+00047a20: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047a30: 2020 3f0a 3634 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 ?.64-bit XNU \n+00047a40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00047a60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 ?.32-b\n+00047a70: 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 it EFI chainload\n+00047a80: 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 er \n+00047a90: 206e 6f20 2832 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n+00047aa0: 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a36 342d 6269 7420 no (2).64-bit \n+00047ab0: 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 EFI chainloader \n+00047ac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f no\n+00047ad0: 2028 3229 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e (2) n\n+00047ae0: 6f20 2832 290a 4170 706c 656c 6f61 6465 o (2).Appleloade\n+00047af0: 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r \n+00047b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 no (2\n+00047b10: 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 ) no (\n+00047b20: 3229 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2).. \n 00047b30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d 756c Mul\n-00047b50: 7469 626f 6f74 2020 2020 2020 2020 5165 tiboot Qe\n-00047b60: 6d75 0a42 494f 5320 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 mu.BIOS chainloa\n-00047b70: 6469 6e67 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ding \n-00047b80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 no (1) \n-00047b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a no (1).\n-00047ba0: 4e54 4c44 5220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 NTLDR \n+00047b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d 756c 7469 626f Multibo\n+00047b50: 6f74 2020 2020 2020 2020 5165 6d75 0a42 ot Qemu.B\n+00047b60: 494f 5320 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 IOS chainloading\n+00047b70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047b80: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00047b90: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4e54 4c44 no (1).NTLD\n+00047ba0: 5220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 R \n 00047bb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047bc0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00047bd0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a50 6c61 no (1).Pla\n-00047be0: 6e39 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n9 \n-00047bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047c00: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00047c10: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 444f no (1).FreeDO\n-00047c20: 5320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 S \n-00047c30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n-00047c40: 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o (1) \n-00047c50: 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6542 5344 2062 no (1).FreeBSD b\n-00047c60: 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 ootloader \n-00047c70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 cras\n-00047c80: 6865 7320 2831 2920 2020 2020 2063 7261 hes (1) cra\n-00047c90: 7368 6573 2028 3129 0a33 322d 6269 7420 shes (1).32-bit \n-00047ca0: 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 kFreeBSD \n-00047cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 cr\n-00047cc0: 6173 6865 7320 2835 2920 2020 2020 2063 ashes (5) c\n-00047cd0: 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 0a36 342d 6269 rashes (5).64-bi\n-00047ce0: 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 t kFreeBSD \n-00047cf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047d00: 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 2920 2020 2020 crashes (5) \n-00047d10: 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 0a33 322d crashes (5).32-\n-00047d20: 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 2020 2020 bit kNetBSD \n-00047d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047d40: 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 2920 2020 crashes (1) \n-00047d50: 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 0a36 crashes (1).6\n-00047d60: 342d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 2020 4-bit kNetBSD \n+00047bc0: 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00047bd0: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a50 6c61 6e39 2020 no (1).Plan9 \n+00047be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f no\n+00047c00: 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e (1) n\n+00047c10: 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 444f 5320 2020 o (1).FreeDOS \n+00047c20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047c30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 no (1\n+00047c40: 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 ) no (\n+00047c50: 3129 0a46 7265 6542 5344 2062 6f6f 746c 1).FreeBSD bootl\n+00047c60: 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oader \n+00047c70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 crashes \n+00047c80: 2831 2920 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 (1) crashes\n+00047c90: 2028 3129 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 (1).32-bit kFre\n+00047ca0: 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eBSD \n+00047cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 crashe\n+00047cc0: 7320 2835 2920 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 s (5) crash\n+00047cd0: 6573 2028 3529 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b46 es (5).64-bit kF\n+00047ce0: 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 reeBSD \n+00047cf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 cras\n+00047d00: 6865 7320 2835 2920 2020 2020 2063 7261 hes (5) cra\n+00047d10: 7368 6573 2028 3529 0a33 322d 6269 7420 shes (5).32-bit \n+00047d20: 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 kNetBSD \n+00047d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 cr\n+00047d40: 6173 6865 7320 2831 2920 2020 2020 2063 ashes (1) c\n+00047d50: 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 0a36 342d 6269 rashes (1).64-bi\n+00047d60: 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 t kNetBSD \n 00047d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047d80: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047d90: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 yes.32-bit \n-00047da0: 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 kOpenBSD \n-00047db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n-00047dc0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 s y\n-00047dd0: 6573 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 es.64-bit kOpenB\n-00047de0: 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 SD \n-00047df0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-00047e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a4d 756c yes.Mul\n-00047e10: 7469 626f 6f74 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tiboot \n-00047e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047e30: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047e40: 2020 2079 6573 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 yes.Multiboot\n-00047e50: 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2 \n-00047e60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-00047e70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n-00047e80: 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286c .32-bit Linux (l\n-00047e90: 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 egacy protocol) \n-00047ea0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00047eb0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3634 no (1).64\n-00047ec0: 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 -bit Linux (lega\n-00047ed0: 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 cy protocol) \n-00047ee0: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00047ef0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a33 322d 6269 no (1).32-bi\n-00047f00: 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 t Linux (modern \n-00047f10: 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n-00047f20: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047f30: 2079 6573 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 yes.64-bit Linu\n-00047f40: 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 x (modern protoc\n-00047f50: 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 ol) yes \n-00047f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 yes.3\n-00047f70: 322d 6269 7420 584e 5520 2020 2020 2020 2-bit XNU \n+00047d80: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047d90: 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 yes.32-bit kOpe\n+00047da0: 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nBSD \n+00047db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+00047dc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a36 yes.6\n+00047dd0: 342d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 4-bit kOpenBSD \n+00047de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047df0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047e00: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a4d 756c 7469 626f yes.Multibo\n+00047e10: 6f74 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ot \n+00047e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n+00047e30: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 s y\n+00047e40: 6573 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 3220 2020 es.Multiboot2 \n+00047e50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047e60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+00047e70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d yes.32-\n+00047e80: 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286c 6567 6163 bit Linux (legac\n+00047e90: 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 y protocol) \n+00047ea0: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00047eb0: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 no (1).64-bit\n+00047ec0: 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 Linux (legacy p\n+00047ed0: 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 206e rotocol) n\n+00047ee0: 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o (1) \n+00047ef0: 6e6f 2028 3129 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4c69 no (1).32-bit Li\n+00047f00: 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 nux (modern prot\n+00047f10: 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 ocol) yes \n+00047f20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n+00047f30: 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286d .64-bit Linux (m\n+00047f40: 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 odern protocol) \n+00047f50: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047f60: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 yes.32-bi\n+00047f70: 7420 584e 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t XNU \n 00047f80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047f90: 2020 2020 3f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ? \n-00047fa0: 2020 2020 203f 0a36 342d 6269 7420 584e ?.64-bit XN\n-00047fb0: 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 U \n-00047fc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f20 2020 ? \n-00047fd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a33 ?.3\n-00047fe0: 322d 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 2-bit EFI chainl\n-00047ff0: 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oader \n-00048000: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n-00048010: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 3634 2d62 no (2).64-b\n-00048020: 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 it EFI chainload\n-00048030: 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 er \n-00048040: 206e 6f20 2832 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n-00048050: 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a41 7070 6c65 6c6f no (2).Applelo\n-00048060: 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ader \n-00048070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f no\n-00048080: 2028 3229 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e (2) n\n-00048090: 6f20 2832 290a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 o (2).. \n+00047f90: 3f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ? \n+00047fa0: 203f 0a36 342d 6269 7420 584e 5520 2020 ?.64-bit XNU \n+00047fb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047fc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f20 2020 2020 2020 ? \n+00047fd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a33 322d 6269 ?.32-bi\n+00047fe0: 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 t EFI chainloade\n+00047ff0: 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r \n+00048000: 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n+00048010: 206e 6f20 2832 290a 3634 2d62 6974 2045 no (2).64-bit E\n+00048020: 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 FI chainloader \n+00048030: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n+00048040: 2832 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f (2) no\n+00048050: 2028 3229 0a41 7070 6c65 6c6f 6164 6572 (2).Appleloader\n+00048060: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 no (2)\n+00048080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 no (2\n+00048090: 290a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ).. \n 000480a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000480b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6961 3332 ia32\n-000480c0: 2045 4649 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 6d64 EFI amd\n-000480d0: 3634 2045 4649 0a42 494f 5320 6368 6169 64 EFI.BIOS chai\n-000480e0: 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2020 2020 2020 2020 nloading \n-000480f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 no (\n-00048100: 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 1) no \n-00048110: 2831 290a 4e54 4c44 5220 2020 2020 2020 (1).NTLDR \n+000480b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6961 3332 2045 4649 ia32 EFI\n+000480c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 6d64 3634 2045 amd64 E\n+000480d0: 4649 0a42 494f 5320 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 FI.BIOS chainloa\n+000480e0: 6469 6e67 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ding \n+000480f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 no (1) \n+00048100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a no (1).\n+00048110: 4e54 4c44 5220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 NTLDR \n 00048120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 no (1) \n-00048140: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n-00048150: 0a50 6c61 6e39 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .Plan9 \n+00048130: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00048140: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a50 6c61 no (1).Pla\n+00048150: 6e39 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n9 \n 00048160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048170: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00048180: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 no (1).Fr\n-00048190: 6565 444f 5320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eeDOS \n-000481a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000481b0: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-000481c0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6542 no (1).FreeB\n-000481d0: 5344 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 SD bootloader \n-000481e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000481f0: 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 2920 2020 2020 crashes (1) \n-00048200: 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 0a33 322d crashes (1).32-\n-00048210: 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 bit kFreeBSD \n-00048220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048230: 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 2020 2020 2020 headless \n-00048240: 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 730a 3634 2d62 headless.64-b\n-00048250: 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 it kFreeBSD \n-00048260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048270: 2068 6561 646c 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 headless \n-00048280: 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 0a33 322d 6269 headless.32-bi\n-00048290: 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 t kNetBSD \n-000482a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000482b0: 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 2920 2020 2020 crashes (1) \n-000482c0: 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 0a36 342d crashes (1).64-\n-000482d0: 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 2020 2020 bit kNetBSD \n-000482e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000482f0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00048300: 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b4f yes.32-bit kO\n-00048310: 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 penBSD \n-00048320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 6164 head\n-00048330: 6c65 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6561 less hea\n-00048340: 646c 6573 730a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 dless.64-bit kOp\n-00048350: 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 enBSD \n-00048360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c headl\n-00048370: 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 6164 ess head\n-00048380: 6c65 7373 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2020 less.Multiboot \n+00048170: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00048180: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 444f no (1).FreeDO\n+00048190: 5320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 S \n+000481a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n+000481b0: 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o (1) \n+000481c0: 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6542 5344 2062 no (1).FreeBSD b\n+000481d0: 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 ootloader \n+000481e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 cras\n+000481f0: 6865 7320 2831 2920 2020 2020 2063 7261 hes (1) cra\n+00048200: 7368 6573 2028 3129 0a33 322d 6269 7420 shes (1).32-bit \n+00048210: 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 kFreeBSD \n+00048220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 he\n+00048230: 6164 6c65 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 adless h\n+00048240: 6561 646c 6573 730a 3634 2d62 6974 206b eadless.64-bit k\n+00048250: 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 FreeBSD \n+00048260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6561 hea\n+00048270: 646c 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 dless he\n+00048280: 6164 6c65 7373 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b4e adless.32-bit kN\n+00048290: 6574 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 etBSD \n+000482a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 cras\n+000482b0: 6865 7320 2831 2920 2020 2020 2063 7261 hes (1) cra\n+000482c0: 7368 6573 2028 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 shes (1).64-bit \n+000482d0: 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 kNetBSD \n+000482e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n+000482f0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 s y\n+00048300: 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 es.32-bit kOpenB\n+00048310: 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 SD \n+00048320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 headless\n+00048330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 headles\n+00048340: 730a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 s.64-bit kOpenBS\n+00048350: 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 D \n+00048360: 2020 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 7320 headless \n+00048370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 headless\n+00048380: 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2020 2020 2020 .Multiboot \n 00048390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000483a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-000483b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a4d yes.M\n-000483c0: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 3220 2020 2020 2020 ultiboot2 \n+000483a0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000483b0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a4d 756c 7469 yes.Multi\n+000483c0: 626f 6f74 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 boot2 \n 000483d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000483e0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000483f0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 yes.32-bit \n-00048400: 4c69 6e75 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 Linux (legacy pr\n-00048410: 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 6e6f otocol) no\n-00048420: 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e (1) n\n-00048430: 6f20 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e o (1).64-bit Lin\n-00048440: 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f ux (legacy proto\n-00048450: 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 col) no (1\n-00048460: 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 ) no (\n-00048470: 3129 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 1).32-bit Linux \n-00048480: 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c (modern protocol\n-00048490: 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 ) yes \n-000484a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a36 342d yes.64-\n-000484b0: 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 bit Linux (moder\n-000484c0: 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 n protocol) \n-000484d0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000484e0: 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 584e yes.32-bit XN\n-000484f0: 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 U \n-00048500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-00048510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n-00048520: 0a36 342d 6269 7420 584e 5520 2020 2020 .64-bit XNU \n+000483e0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000483f0: 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 yes.32-bit Linu\n+00048400: 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 x (legacy protoc\n+00048410: 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 ol) no (1)\n+00048420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 no (1\n+00048430: 290a 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 ).64-bit Linux (\n+00048440: 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 legacy protocol)\n+00048450: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 no (1) \n+00048460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a33 no (1).3\n+00048470: 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 2-bit Linux (mod\n+00048480: 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 ern protocol) \n+00048490: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000484a0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a36 342d 6269 7420 yes.64-bit \n+000484b0: 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 Linux (modern pr\n+000484c0: 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 otocol) ye\n+000484d0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 s y\n+000484e0: 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 584e 5520 2020 es.32-bit XNU \n+000484f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+00048510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a36 342d yes.64-\n+00048520: 6269 7420 584e 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 bit XNU \n 00048530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048540: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2834 2920 2020 yes (4) \n-00048550: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 yes.32-bi\n-00048560: 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 t EFI chainloade\n-00048570: 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r \n-00048580: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00048590: 206e 6f20 2833 290a 3634 2d62 6974 2045 no (3).64-bit E\n-000485a0: 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 FI chainloader \n-000485b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n-000485c0: 2833 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 (3) ye\n-000485d0: 730a 4170 706c 656c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 s.Appleloader \n+00048540: 2020 7965 7320 2834 2920 2020 2020 2020 yes (4) \n+00048550: 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4546 yes.32-bit EF\n+00048560: 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 I chainloader \n+00048570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n+00048580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n+00048590: 2833 290a 3634 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 (3).64-bit EFI c\n+000485a0: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 hainloader \n+000485b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2833 2920 no (3) \n+000485c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 4170 yes.Ap\n+000485d0: 706c 656c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 pleloader \n 000485e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000485f0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00048600: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 0a20 2020 yes.. \n+000485f0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00048600: 2020 2020 7965 730a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 yes.. \n 00048610: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048630: 2020 6961 3332 2049 4545 4531 3237 350a ia32 IEEE1275.\n-00048640: 4249 4f53 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 696e BIOS chainloadin\n-00048650: 6720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 g \n-00048660: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4e54 4c44 no (1).NTLD\n-00048670: 5220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 R \n-00048680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048690: 206e 6f20 2831 290a 506c 616e 3920 2020 no (1).Plan9 \n+00048620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6961 ia\n+00048630: 3332 2049 4545 4531 3237 350a 4249 4f53 32 IEEE1275.BIOS\n+00048640: 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 2020 chainloading \n+00048650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048660: 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4e54 4c44 5220 2020 no (1).NTLDR \n+00048670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n+00048690: 2831 290a 506c 616e 3920 2020 2020 2020 (1).Plan9 \n 000486a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000486b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n-000486c0: 2831 290a 4672 6565 444f 5320 2020 2020 (1).FreeDOS \n+000486b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a no (1).\n+000486c0: 4672 6565 444f 5320 2020 2020 2020 2020 FreeDOS \n 000486d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000486e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a no (1).\n-000486f0: 4672 6565 4253 4420 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 FreeBSD bootload\n-00048700: 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 er \n-00048710: 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 crashes (1)\n-00048720: 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 .32-bit kFreeBSD\n+000486e0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 no (1).Free\n+000486f0: 4253 4420 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 BSD bootloader \n+00048700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048710: 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 0a33 322d crashes (1).32-\n+00048720: 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 bit kFreeBSD \n 00048730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048740: 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 crashes (5\n-00048750: 290a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 ).64-bit kFreeBS\n-00048760: 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 D \n-00048770: 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 crashes (\n-00048780: 3529 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 5).32-bit kNetBS\n-00048790: 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 D \n-000487a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 crashes \n-000487b0: 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 (1).64-bit kNetB\n-000487c0: 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 SD \n-000487d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a33 322d 6269 ?.32-bi\n-000487e0: 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 t kOpenBSD \n-000487f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048800: 3f0a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 ?.64-bit kOpenBS\n-00048810: 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 D \n-00048820: 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a4d 756c 7469 626f ?.Multibo\n-00048830: 6f74 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ot \n-00048840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a ?.\n-00048850: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 2020 2020 2020 Multiboot2 \n+00048740: 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 290a 3634 crashes (5).64\n+00048750: 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 -bit kFreeBSD \n+00048760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048770: 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 0a33 crashes (5).3\n+00048780: 322d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 2020 2-bit kNetBSD \n+00048790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000487a0: 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a crashes (1).\n+000487b0: 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 64-bit kNetBSD \n+000487c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000487d0: 2020 2020 203f 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b4f ?.32-bit kO\n+000487e0: 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 penBSD \n+000487f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3634 ?.64\n+00048800: 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 -bit kOpenBSD \n+00048810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048820: 2020 203f 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2020 ?.Multiboot \n+00048830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 4d75 6c74 ?.Mult\n+00048850: 6962 6f6f 7432 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 iboot2 \n 00048860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048870: 2020 2020 203f 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4c69 ?.32-bit Li\n-00048880: 6e75 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 nux (legacy prot\n-00048890: 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 ocol) no (\n-000488a0: 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 1).64-bit Linux \n-000488b0: 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c (legacy protocol\n-000488c0: 2920 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a33 ) no (1).3\n-000488d0: 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 2-bit Linux (mod\n-000488e0: 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 ern protocol) \n-000488f0: 2020 2020 3f0a 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e ?.64-bit Lin\n-00048900: 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f ux (modern proto\n-00048910: 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a33 322d col) ?.32-\n-00048920: 6269 7420 584e 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 bit XNU \n-00048930: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048940: 2020 3f0a 3634 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 ?.64-bit XNU \n+00048870: 203f 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 ?.32-bit Linux \n+00048880: 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c (legacy protocol\n+00048890: 2920 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a36 ) no (1).6\n+000488a0: 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286c 6567 4-bit Linux (leg\n+000488b0: 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 acy protocol) \n+000488c0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a33 322d 6269 no (1).32-bi\n+000488d0: 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 t Linux (modern \n+000488e0: 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n+000488f0: 3f0a 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 ?.64-bit Linux (\n+00048900: 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 modern protocol)\n+00048910: 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a33 322d 6269 7420 ?.32-bit \n+00048920: 584e 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 XNU \n+00048930: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a ?.\n+00048940: 3634 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 64-bit XNU \n 00048950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a33 322d 6269 ?.32-bi\n-00048970: 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 t EFI chainloade\n-00048980: 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r \n-00048990: 6e6f 2028 3229 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4546 no (2).64-bit EF\n-000489a0: 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 I chainloader \n-000489b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 no (\n-000489c0: 3229 0a41 7070 6c65 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2).Appleloader \n+00048960: 2020 2020 203f 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4546 ?.32-bit EF\n+00048970: 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 I chainloader \n+00048980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 no (\n+00048990: 3229 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 2).64-bit EFI ch\n+000489a0: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 ainloader \n+000489b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a41 no (2).A\n+000489c0: 7070 6c65 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 ppleloader \n 000489d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000489e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a0a no (2)..\n-000489f0: 2020 312e 2052 6571 7569 7265 7320 4249 1. Requires BI\n-00048a00: 4f53 0a20 2032 2e20 4546 4920 6f6e 6c79 OS. 2. EFI only\n-00048a10: 0a20 2033 2e20 3332 2d62 6974 2061 6e64 . 3. 32-bit and\n-00048a20: 2036 342d 6269 7420 4546 4920 6861 7665 64-bit EFI have\n-00048a30: 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2073 7472 7563 different struc\n-00048a40: 7475 7265 7320 616e 6420 776f 726b 2069 tures and work i\n-00048a50: 6e0a 2020 2020 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 n. different\n-00048a60: 2043 5055 206d 6f64 6573 2073 6f20 6974 CPU modes so it\n-00048a70: 2773 206e 6f74 2070 6f73 7369 626c 6520 's not possible \n-00048a80: 746f 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 2033 322d to chainload 32-\n-00048a90: 6269 740a 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 bit. bootloa\n-00048aa0: 6465 7220 6f6e 2036 342d 6269 7420 706c der on 64-bit pl\n-00048ab0: 6174 666f 726d 2061 6e64 2076 6963 652d atform and vice-\n-00048ac0: 7665 7273 610a 2020 342e 2053 6f6d 6520 versa. 4. Some \n-00048ad0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 modules may need\n-00048ae0: 2074 6f20 6265 2064 6973 6162 6c65 640a to be disabled.\n-00048af0: 2020 352e 2052 6571 7569 7265 7320 4143 5. Requires AC\n-00048b00: 5049 0a0a 2020 2050 6f77 6572 5043 2c20 PI.. PowerPC, \n-00048b10: 4941 3634 2061 6e64 2053 7061 7263 3634 IA64 and Sparc64\n-00048b20: 2070 6f72 7473 2073 7570 706f 7274 206f ports support o\n-00048b30: 6e6c 7920 4c69 6e75 782e 2020 4d49 5053 nly Linux. MIPS\n-00048b40: 2070 6f72 740a 7375 7070 6f72 7473 204c port.supports L\n-00048b50: 696e 7578 2061 6e64 206d 756c 7469 626f inux and multibo\n-00048b60: 6f74 322e 0a0a 3232 2e31 2042 6f6f 7420 ot2...22.1 Boot \n-00048b70: 7465 7374 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d tests.==========\n-00048b80: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 7320 796f 7520 6861 =====..As you ha\n-00048b90: 7665 2073 6565 6e20 696e 2070 7265 7669 ve seen in previ\n-00048ba0: 6f75 7320 6368 6170 7465 7220 7468 6520 ous chapter the \n-00048bb0: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6d61 7472 6978 2069 support matrix i\n-00048bc0: 7320 7072 6574 7479 2062 6967 0a61 6e64 s pretty big.and\n-00048bd0: 2073 6f6d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6e some of the con\n-00048be0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 figurations are \n-00048bf0: 6f6e 6c79 2072 6172 656c 7920 7573 6564 only rarely used\n-00048c00: 2e20 2054 6f20 656e 7375 7265 2074 6865 . To ensure the\n-00048c10: 0a71 7561 6c69 7479 2062 6f6f 7463 6865 .quality bootche\n-00048c20: 636b 7320 6172 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c cks are availabl\n-00048c30: 6520 666f 7220 616c 6c20 7838 3620 7461 e for all x86 ta\n-00048c40: 7267 6574 7320 6578 6365 7074 2045 4649 rgets except EFI\n-00048c50: 0a63 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 4170 .chainloader, Ap\n-00048c60: 706c 656c 6f61 6465 7220 616e 6420 584e pleloader and XN\n-00048c70: 552e 2041 6c6c 2078 3836 2070 6c61 7466 U. All x86 platf\n-00048c80: 6f72 6d73 2068 6176 6520 626f 6f74 6368 orms have bootch\n-00048c90: 6563 6b0a 6661 6369 6c69 7479 2065 7863 eck.facility exc\n-00048ca0: 6570 7420 6965 6565 3132 3735 2e20 204d ept ieee1275. M\n-00048cb0: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2c20 6d75 6c74 6962 ultiboot, multib\n-00048cc0: 6f6f 7432 2c20 4249 4f53 2063 6861 696e oot2, BIOS chain\n-00048cd0: 6c6f 6164 6572 2c0a 6e74 6c64 7220 616e loader,.ntldr an\n-00048ce0: 6420 6672 6565 6273 642d 626f 6f74 6c6f d freebsd-bootlo\n-00048cf0: 6164 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 7461 7267 6574 ader boot target\n-00048d00: 7320 6172 6520 7465 7374 6564 206f 6e6c s are tested onl\n-00048d10: 7920 7769 7468 2061 2066 616b 650a 6b65 y with a fake.ke\n-00048d20: 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 732e 2020 4f6e rnel images. On\n-00048d30: 6c79 204c 696e 7578 2069 7320 7465 7374 ly Linux is test\n-00048d40: 6564 2061 6d6f 6e67 2074 6865 2070 6179 ed among the pay\n-00048d50: 6c6f 6164 7320 7573 696e 6720 4c69 6e75 loads using Linu\n-00048d60: 780a 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 732e 0a0a 2020 x.protocols... \n-00048d70: 2046 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2076 6172 6961 Following varia\n-00048d80: 626c 6573 206d 7573 7420 6265 2064 6566 bles must be def\n-00048d90: 696e 6564 3a0a 0a47 5255 425f 5041 594c ined:..GRUB_PAYL\n-00048da0: 4f41 4453 5f44 4952 2020 2020 2020 6469 OADS_DIR di\n-00048db0: 7265 6374 6f72 7920 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 rectory containi\n-00048dc0: 6e67 2074 6865 2072 6571 7569 7265 6420 ng the required \n-00048dd0: 6b65 726e 656c 730a 4752 5542 5f43 4246 kernels.GRUB_CBF\n-00048de0: 5354 4f4f 4c20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 STOOL c\n-00048df0: 6266 7374 6f6f 6c20 6672 6f6d 2043 6f72 bfstool from Cor\n-00048e00: 6562 6f6f 7420 7061 636b 6167 6520 2866 eboot package (f\n-00048e10: 6f72 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 or coreboot. \n-00048e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048e30: 2020 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6f6e 6c79 platform only\n-00048e40: 290a 4752 5542 5f43 4f52 4542 4f4f 545f ).GRUB_COREBOOT_\n-00048e50: 524f 4d20 2020 2020 2065 6d70 7479 2043 ROM empty C\n-00048e60: 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 524f 4d0a 4752 5542 oreboot ROM.GRUB\n-00048e70: 5f51 454d 555f 4f50 5453 2020 2020 2020 _QEMU_OPTS \n-00048e80: 2020 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 6f70 additional op\n-00048e90: 7469 6f6e 7320 746f 2062 6520 7375 7070 tions to be supp\n-00048ea0: 6c69 6564 2074 6f20 5145 4d55 0a0a 2020 lied to QEMU.. \n-00048eb0: 2052 6571 7569 7265 6420 6669 6c65 7320 Required files \n-00048ec0: 6172 653a 0a0a 6b66 7265 6562 7364 5f65 are:..kfreebsd_e\n-00048ed0: 6e76 2e69 3338 3620 2020 2020 2020 2020 nv.i386 \n-00048ee0: 2020 2020 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 32-bit kFree\n-00048ef0: 4253 4420 6465 7669 6365 2068 696e 7473 BSD device hints\n-00048f00: 0a6b 6672 6565 6273 642e 6933 3836 2020 .kfreebsd.i386 \n-00048f10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2033 3\n-00048f20: 322d 6269 7420 4672 6565 4253 4420 6b65 2-bit FreeBSD ke\n-00048f30: 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 0a6b 6672 6565 rnel image.kfree\n-00048f40: 6273 642e 7838 365f 3634 2c20 2020 2020 bsd.x86_64, \n-00048f50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 616d 6520 6672 same fr\n-00048f60: 6f6d 2036 342d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 om 64-bit kFreeB\n-00048f70: 5344 0a6b 6672 6565 6273 645f 656e 762e SD.kfreebsd_env.\n-00048f80: 7838 365f 3634 0a6b 6e65 7462 7364 2e69 x86_64.knetbsd.i\n-00048f90: 3338 3620 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 386 \n-00048fa0: 2020 2020 2033 322d 6269 7420 4e65 7442 32-bit NetB\n-00048fb0: 5344 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 650a SD kernel image.\n-00048fc0: 6b6e 6574 6273 642e 6d69 6e69 726f 6f74 knetbsd.miniroot\n-00048fd0: 2e69 3338 3620 2020 2020 2020 2020 3332 .i386 32\n-00048fe0: 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 206d 696e -bit kNetBSD min\n-00048ff0: 6972 6f6f 742e 6b6d 6f64 2e0a 6b6e 6574 iroot.kmod..knet\n-00049000: 6273 642e 7838 365f 3634 2c20 2020 2020 bsd.x86_64, \n-00049010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7361 6d65 2066 same f\n-00049020: 726f 6d20 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 rom 64-bit kNetB\n-00049030: 5344 0a6b 6e65 7462 7364 2e6d 696e 6972 SD.knetbsd.minir\n-00049040: 6f6f 742e 7838 365f 3634 0a6b 6f70 656e oot.x86_64.kopen\n-00049050: 6273 642e 6933 3836 2020 2020 2020 2020 bsd.i386 \n-00049060: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2033 322d 6269 7420 32-bit \n-00049070: 4f70 656e 4253 4420 6b65 726e 656c 2062 OpenBSD kernel b\n-00049080: 7364 2e72 6420 696d 6167 650a 6b6f 7065 sd.rd image.kope\n-00049090: 6e62 7364 2e78 3836 5f36 3420 2020 2020 nbsd.x86_64 \n-000490a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7361 6d65 2066 same f\n-000490b0: 726f 6d20 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e rom 64-bit kOpen\n-000490c0: 4253 440a 6c69 6e75 782e 6933 3836 2020 BSD.linux.i386 \n-000490d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000490e0: 2020 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 0a6c 32-bit Linux.l\n-000490f0: 696e 7578 2e78 3836 5f36 3420 2020 2020 inux.x86_64 \n-00049100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2036 342d 64-\n-00049110: 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 780a 0a1f 0a46 696c bit Linux....Fil\n-00049120: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00049130: 6f64 653a 2054 726f 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f ode: Troubleshoo\n-00049140: 7469 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2055 7365 ting, Next: Use\n-00049150: 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 r-space utilitie\n-00049160: 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5375 7070 6f72 s, Prev: Suppor\n-00049170: 7465 6420 6b65 726e 656c 732c 2020 5570 ted kernels, Up\n-00049180: 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 3320 4572 726f 7220 : Top..23 Error \n-00049190: 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2070 726f 6475 6365 messages produce\n-000491a0: 6420 6279 2047 5255 420a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a d by GRUB.******\n+000489e0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a0a 2020 312e no (2).. 1.\n+000489f0: 2052 6571 7569 7265 7320 4249 4f53 0a20 Requires BIOS. \n+00048a00: 2032 2e20 4546 4920 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2033 2. EFI only. 3\n+00048a10: 2e20 3332 2d62 6974 2061 6e64 2036 342d . 32-bit and 64-\n+00048a20: 6269 7420 4546 4920 6861 7665 2064 6966 bit EFI have dif\n+00048a30: 6665 7265 6e74 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 ferent structure\n+00048a40: 7320 616e 6420 776f 726b 2069 6e0a 2020 s and work in. \n+00048a50: 2020 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2043 5055 different CPU\n+00048a60: 206d 6f64 6573 2073 6f20 6974 2773 206e modes so it's n\n+00048a70: 6f74 2070 6f73 7369 626c 6520 746f 2063 ot possible to c\n+00048a80: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 2033 322d 6269 740a hainload 32-bit.\n+00048a90: 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 bootloader \n+00048aa0: 6f6e 2036 342d 6269 7420 706c 6174 666f on 64-bit platfo\n+00048ab0: 726d 2061 6e64 2076 6963 652d 7665 7273 rm and vice-vers\n+00048ac0: 610a 2020 342e 2053 6f6d 6520 6d6f 6475 a. 4. Some modu\n+00048ad0: 6c65 7320 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 les may need to \n+00048ae0: 6265 2064 6973 6162 6c65 640a 2020 352e be disabled. 5.\n+00048af0: 2052 6571 7569 7265 7320 4143 5049 0a0a Requires ACPI..\n+00048b00: 2020 2050 6f77 6572 5043 2c20 4941 3634 PowerPC, IA64\n+00048b10: 2061 6e64 2053 7061 7263 3634 2070 6f72 and Sparc64 por\n+00048b20: 7473 2073 7570 706f 7274 206f 6e6c 7920 ts support only \n+00048b30: 4c69 6e75 782e 2020 4d49 5053 2070 6f72 Linux. MIPS por\n+00048b40: 740a 7375 7070 6f72 7473 204c 696e 7578 t.supports Linux\n+00048b50: 2061 6e64 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 322e and multiboot2.\n+00048b60: 0a0a 3232 2e31 2042 6f6f 7420 7465 7374 ..22.1 Boot test\n+00048b70: 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d s.==============\n+00048b80: 3d0a 0a41 7320 796f 7520 6861 7665 2073 =..As you have s\n+00048b90: 6565 6e20 696e 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 een in previous \n+00048ba0: 6368 6170 7465 7220 7468 6520 7375 7070 chapter the supp\n+00048bb0: 6f72 7420 6d61 7472 6978 2069 7320 7072 ort matrix is pr\n+00048bc0: 6574 7479 2062 6967 0a61 6e64 2073 6f6d etty big.and som\n+00048bd0: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 e of the configu\n+00048be0: 7261 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 6f6e 6c79 rations are only\n+00048bf0: 2072 6172 656c 7920 7573 6564 2e20 2054 rarely used. T\n+00048c00: 6f20 656e 7375 7265 2074 6865 0a71 7561 o ensure the.qua\n+00048c10: 6c69 7479 2062 6f6f 7463 6865 636b 7320 lity bootchecks \n+00048c20: 6172 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 666f are available fo\n+00048c30: 7220 616c 6c20 7838 3620 7461 7267 6574 r all x86 target\n+00048c40: 7320 6578 6365 7074 2045 4649 0a63 6861 s except EFI.cha\n+00048c50: 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 4170 706c 656c inloader, Applel\n+00048c60: 6f61 6465 7220 616e 6420 584e 552e 2041 oader and XNU. A\n+00048c70: 6c6c 2078 3836 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 ll x86 platforms\n+00048c80: 2068 6176 6520 626f 6f74 6368 6563 6b0a have bootcheck.\n+00048c90: 6661 6369 6c69 7479 2065 7863 6570 7420 facility except \n+00048ca0: 6965 6565 3132 3735 2e20 204d 756c 7469 ieee1275. Multi\n+00048cb0: 626f 6f74 2c20 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 boot, multiboot2\n+00048cc0: 2c20 4249 4f53 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 , BIOS chainload\n+00048cd0: 6572 2c0a 6e74 6c64 7220 616e 6420 6672 er,.ntldr and fr\n+00048ce0: 6565 6273 642d 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 eebsd-bootloader\n+00048cf0: 2062 6f6f 7420 7461 7267 6574 7320 6172 boot targets ar\n+00048d00: 6520 7465 7374 6564 206f 6e6c 7920 7769 e tested only wi\n+00048d10: 7468 2061 2066 616b 650a 6b65 726e 656c th a fake.kernel\n+00048d20: 2069 6d61 6765 732e 2020 4f6e 6c79 204c images. Only L\n+00048d30: 696e 7578 2069 7320 7465 7374 6564 2061 inux is tested a\n+00048d40: 6d6f 6e67 2074 6865 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 mong the payload\n+00048d50: 7320 7573 696e 6720 4c69 6e75 780a 7072 s using Linux.pr\n+00048d60: 6f74 6f63 6f6c 732e 0a0a 2020 2046 6f6c otocols... Fol\n+00048d70: 6c6f 7769 6e67 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 lowing variables\n+00048d80: 206d 7573 7420 6265 2064 6566 696e 6564 must be defined\n+00048d90: 3a0a 0a47 5255 425f 5041 594c 4f41 4453 :..GRUB_PAYLOADS\n+00048da0: 5f44 4952 2020 2020 2020 6469 7265 6374 _DIR direct\n+00048db0: 6f72 7920 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 ory containing t\n+00048dc0: 6865 2072 6571 7569 7265 6420 6b65 726e he required kern\n+00048dd0: 656c 730a 4752 5542 5f43 4246 5354 4f4f els.GRUB_CBFSTOO\n+00048de0: 4c20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 6266 7374 L cbfst\n+00048df0: 6f6f 6c20 6672 6f6d 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f ool from Coreboo\n+00048e00: 7420 7061 636b 6167 6520 2866 6f72 2063 t package (for c\n+00048e10: 6f72 6562 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 oreboot. \n+00048e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 p\n+00048e30: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6f6e 6c79 290a 4752 latform only).GR\n+00048e40: 5542 5f43 4f52 4542 4f4f 545f 524f 4d20 UB_COREBOOT_ROM \n+00048e50: 2020 2020 2065 6d70 7479 2043 6f72 6562 empty Coreb\n+00048e60: 6f6f 7420 524f 4d0a 4752 5542 5f51 454d oot ROM.GRUB_QEM\n+00048e70: 555f 4f50 5453 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 U_OPTS a\n+00048e80: 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 6f70 7469 6f6e dditional option\n+00048e90: 7320 746f 2062 6520 7375 7070 6c69 6564 s to be supplied\n+00048ea0: 2074 6f20 5145 4d55 0a0a 2020 2052 6571 to QEMU.. Req\n+00048eb0: 7569 7265 6420 6669 6c65 7320 6172 653a uired files are:\n+00048ec0: 0a0a 6b66 7265 6562 7364 5f65 6e76 2e69 ..kfreebsd_env.i\n+00048ed0: 3338 3620 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 386 \n+00048ee0: 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 32-bit kFreeBSD \n+00048ef0: 6465 7669 6365 2068 696e 7473 0a6b 6672 device hints.kfr\n+00048f00: 6565 6273 642e 6933 3836 2020 2020 2020 eebsd.i386 \n+00048f10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2033 322d 6269 32-bi\n+00048f20: 7420 4672 6565 4253 4420 6b65 726e 656c t FreeBSD kernel\n+00048f30: 2069 6d61 6765 0a6b 6672 6565 6273 642e image.kfreebsd.\n+00048f40: 7838 365f 3634 2c20 2020 2020 2020 2020 x86_64, \n+00048f50: 2020 2020 2073 616d 6520 6672 6f6d 2036 same from 6\n+00048f60: 342d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 0a6b 4-bit kFreeBSD.k\n+00048f70: 6672 6565 6273 645f 656e 762e 7838 365f freebsd_env.x86_\n+00048f80: 3634 0a6b 6e65 7462 7364 2e69 3338 3620 64.knetbsd.i386 \n+00048f90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048fa0: 2033 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5f36 3420 2020 2020 2020 2020 .x86_64 \n+000490a0: 2020 2020 2020 7361 6d65 2066 726f 6d20 same from \n+000490b0: 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 440a 64-bit kOpenBSD.\n+000490c0: 6c69 6e75 782e 6933 3836 2020 2020 2020 linux.i386 \n+000490d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3332 32\n+000490e0: 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 0a6c 696e 7578 -bit Linux.linux\n+000490f0: 2e78 3836 5f36 3420 2020 2020 2020 2020 .x86_64 \n+00049100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2036 342d 6269 7420 64-bit \n+00049110: 4c69 6e75 780a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 Linux....File: g\n+00049120: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00049130: 2054 726f 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 6e67 Troubleshooting\n+00049140: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2055 7365 722d 7370 , Next: User-sp\n+00049150: 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 732c 2020 ace utilities, \n+00049160: 5072 6576 3a20 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 Prev: Supported \n+00049170: 6b65 726e 656c 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f kernels, Up: To\n+00049180: 700a 0a32 3320 4572 726f 7220 6d65 7373 p..23 Error mess\n+00049190: 6167 6573 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 6279 ages produced by\n+000491a0: 2047 5255 420a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a GRUB.**********\n 000491b0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000491c0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 ************..* \n-000491d0: 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2047 5255 4220 6f6e Menu:..* GRUB on\n-000491e0: 6c79 206f 6666 6572 7320 6120 7265 7363 ly offers a resc\n-000491f0: 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 3a3a 0a2a 2046 6972 ue shell::.* Fir\n-00049200: 6d77 6172 6520 7374 616c 6c73 2069 6e73 mware stalls ins\n-00049210: 7465 6164 206f 6620 626f 6f74 696e 6720 tead of booting \n-00049220: 4752 5542 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 GRUB::....File: \n-00049230: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00049240: 3a20 4752 5542 206f 6e6c 7920 6f66 6665 : GRUB only offe\n-00049250: 7273 2061 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c rs a rescue shel\n-00049260: 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4669 726d 7761 l, Next: Firmwa\n-00049270: 7265 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 696e 7374 6561 re stalls instea\n-00049280: 6420 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2047 5255 d of booting GRU\n-00049290: 422c 2020 5570 3a20 5472 6f75 626c 6573 B, Up: Troubles\n-000492a0: 686f 6f74 696e 670a 0a32 332e 3120 4752 hooting..23.1 GR\n-000492b0: 5542 206f 6e6c 7920 6f66 6665 7273 2061 UB only offers a\n-000492c0: 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c0a 3d3d rescue shell.==\n+000491c0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 ********..* Menu\n+000491d0: 3a0a 0a2a 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 6c79 206f :..* GRUB only o\n+000491e0: 6666 6572 7320 6120 7265 7363 7565 2073 ffers a rescue s\n+000491f0: 6865 6c6c 3a3a 0a2a 2046 6972 6d77 6172 hell::.* Firmwar\n+00049200: 6520 7374 616c 6c73 2069 6e73 7465 6164 e stalls instead\n+00049210: 206f 6620 626f 6f74 696e 6720 4752 5542 of booting GRUB\n+00049220: 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ::....File: grub\n+00049230: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4752 .info, Node: GR\n+00049240: 5542 206f 6e6c 7920 6f66 6665 7273 2061 UB only offers a\n+00049250: 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c2c 2020 rescue shell, \n+00049260: 4e65 7874 3a20 4669 726d 7761 7265 2073 Next: Firmware s\n+00049270: 7461 6c6c 7320 696e 7374 6561 6420 6f66 talls instead of\n+00049280: 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2047 5255 422c 2020 booting GRUB, \n+00049290: 5570 3a20 5472 6f75 626c 6573 686f 6f74 Up: Troubleshoot\n+000492a0: 696e 670a 0a32 332e 3120 4752 5542 206f ing..23.1 GRUB o\n+000492b0: 6e6c 7920 6f66 6665 7273 2061 2072 6573 nly offers a res\n+000492c0: 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d cue shell.======\n 000492d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000492e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000492f0: 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2773 206e 6f72 6d61 ==..GRUB's norma\n-00049300: 6c20 7374 6172 742d 7570 2070 726f 6365 l start-up proce\n-00049310: 6475 7265 2069 6e76 6f6c 7665 7320 7365 dure involves se\n-00049320: 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 9870 7265 tting the ...pre\n-00049330: 6669 78e2 8099 0a65 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 fix....environme\n-00049340: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f 2061 nt variable to a\n-00049350: 2076 616c 7565 2073 6574 2069 6e20 7468 value set in th\n-00049360: 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2062 7920 e core image by \n-00049370: e280 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 ...grub-install.\n-00049380: 8099 2c0a 7365 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 ..,.setting the \n-00049390: e280 9872 6f6f 74e2 8099 2076 6172 6961 ...root... varia\n-000493a0: 626c 6520 746f 206d 6174 6368 2c20 6c6f ble to match, lo\n-000493b0: 6164 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 986e 6f72 ading the ...nor\n-000493c0: 6d61 6ce2 8099 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6672 mal... module fr\n-000493d0: 6f6d 0a74 6865 2070 7265 6669 782c 2061 om.the prefix, a\n-000493e0: 6e64 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 nd running the .\n-000493f0: 8098 6e6f 726d 616c e280 9920 636f 6d6d ..normal... comm\n-00049400: 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206e 6f72 6d61 and (*note norma\n-00049410: 6c3a 3a29 2e20 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This.comm\n-00049420: 616e 6420 6973 2072 6573 706f 6e73 6962 and is responsib\n-00049430: 6c65 2066 6f72 2072 6561 6469 6e67 20e2 le for reading .\n-00049440: 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 ../boot/grub/gru\n-00049450: 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2c20 7275 6e6e 696e b.cfg..., runnin\n-00049460: 6720 7468 650a 6d65 6e75 2c20 616e 6420 g the.menu, and \n-00049470: 646f 696e 6720 616c 6c20 7468 6520 7573 doing all the us\n-00049480: 6566 756c 2074 6869 6e67 7320 4752 5542 eful things GRUB\n-00049490: 2069 7320 7375 7070 6f73 6564 2074 6f20 is supposed to \n-000494a0: 646f 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2c20 696e 7374 do... If, inst\n-000494b0: 6561 642c 2079 6f75 206f 6e6c 7920 6765 ead, you only ge\n-000494c0: 7420 6120 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c t a rescue shell\n-000494d0: 2c20 7468 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 206d , this usually m\n-000494e0: 6561 6e73 2074 6861 740a 4752 5542 2066 eans that.GRUB f\n-000494f0: 6169 6c65 6420 746f 206c 6f61 6420 7468 ailed to load th\n-00049500: 6520 e280 986e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 206d e ...normal... m\n-00049510: 6f64 756c 6520 666f 7220 736f 6d65 2072 odule for some r\n-00049520: 6561 736f 6e2e 2020 4974 206d 6179 2062 eason. It may b\n-00049530: 650a 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 776f e.possible to wo\n-00049540: 726b 2061 726f 756e 6420 7468 6973 2074 rk around this t\n-00049550: 656d 706f 7261 7269 6c79 3a20 666f 7220 emporarily: for \n-00049560: 696e 7374 616e 6365 2c20 6966 2074 6865 instance, if the\n-00049570: 2072 6561 736f 6e0a 666f 7220 7468 6520 reason.for the \n-00049580: 6661 696c 7572 6520 6973 2074 6861 7420 failure is that \n-00049590: e280 9870 7265 6669 78e2 8099 2069 7320 ...prefix... is \n-000495a0: 7772 6f6e 6720 2870 6572 6861 7073 2069 wrong (perhaps i\n-000495b0: 7420 7265 6665 7273 2074 6f20 7468 650a t refers to the.\n-000495c0: 7772 6f6e 6720 6465 7669 6365 2c20 6f72 wrong device, or\n-000495d0: 2070 6572 6861 7073 2074 6865 2070 6174 perhaps the pat\n-000495e0: 6820 746f 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 h to .../boot/gr\n-000495f0: 7562 e280 9920 7761 7320 6e6f 7420 636f ub... was not co\n-00049600: 7272 6563 746c 7920 6d61 6465 0a72 656c rrectly made.rel\n-00049610: 6174 6976 6520 746f 2074 6865 2064 6576 ative to the dev\n-00049620: 6963 6529 2c20 7468 656e 2079 6f75 2063 ice), then you c\n-00049630: 616e 2063 6f72 7265 6374 2074 6869 7320 an correct this \n-00049640: 616e 6420 656e 7465 7220 6e6f 726d 616c and enter normal\n-00049650: 206d 6f64 650a 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 3a0a mode.manually:.\n-00049660: 0a20 2020 2020 2320 496e 7370 6563 7420 . # Inspect \n-00049670: 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 7072 6566 the current pref\n-00049680: 6978 2028 616e 6420 6f74 6865 7220 7072 ix (and other pr\n-00049690: 6573 6574 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 293a eset variables):\n-000496a0: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 740a 2020 2020 2023 . set. #\n-000496b0: 2046 696e 6420 6f75 7420 7768 6963 6820 Find out which \n-000496c0: 6465 7669 6365 7320 6172 6520 6176 6169 devices are avai\n-000496d0: 6c61 626c 653a 0a20 2020 2020 6c73 0a20 lable:. ls. \n-000496e0: 2020 2020 2320 5365 7420 746f 2074 6865 # Set to the\n-000496f0: 2063 6f72 7265 6374 2076 616c 7565 2c20 correct value, \n-00049700: 7768 6963 6820 6d69 6768 7420 6265 2073 which might be s\n-00049710: 6f6d 6574 6869 6e67 206c 696b 6520 7468 omething like th\n-00049720: 6973 3a0a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2070 7265 is:. set pre\n-00049730: 6669 783d 2868 6430 2c31 292f 6772 7562 fix=(hd0,1)/grub\n-00049740: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 . set root=(\n-00049750: 6864 302c 3129 0a20 2020 2020 696e 736d hd0,1). insm\n-00049760: 6f64 206e 6f72 6d61 6c0a 2020 2020 206e od normal. n\n-00049770: 6f72 6d61 6c0a 0a20 2020 486f 7765 7665 ormal.. Howeve\n-00049780: 722c 2061 6e79 2070 726f 626c 656d 2074 r, any problem t\n-00049790: 6861 7420 6c65 6176 6573 2079 6f75 2069 hat leaves you i\n-000497a0: 6e20 7468 6520 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 n the rescue she\n-000497b0: 6c6c 2070 726f 6261 626c 790a 6d65 616e ll probably.mean\n-000497c0: 7320 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 7761 7320 s that GRUB was \n-000497d0: 6e6f 7420 636f 7272 6563 746c 7920 696e not correctly in\n-000497e0: 7374 616c 6c65 642e 2020 4974 206d 6179 stalled. It may\n-000497f0: 2062 6520 6d6f 7265 2075 7365 6675 6c20 be more useful \n-00049800: 746f 0a74 7279 2074 6f20 7265 696e 7374 to.try to reinst\n-00049810: 616c 6c20 6974 2070 726f 7065 726c 7920 all it properly \n-00049820: 7573 696e 6720 e280 9867 7275 622d 696e using ...grub-in\n-00049830: 7374 616c 6c20 4445 5649 4345 e280 9920 stall DEVICE... \n-00049840: 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 670a (*note Invoking.\n-00049850: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a 292e grub-install::).\n-00049860: 2020 5768 656e 2064 6f69 6e67 2074 6869 When doing thi\n-00049870: 732c 2074 6865 7265 2061 7265 2061 2066 s, there are a f\n-00049880: 6577 2074 6869 6e67 7320 746f 2072 656d ew things to rem\n-00049890: 656d 6265 723a 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2044 ember:.. ... D\n-000498a0: 7269 7665 206f 7264 6572 696e 6720 696e rive ordering in\n-000498b0: 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 your operating \n-000498c0: 7379 7374 656d 206d 6179 206e 6f74 2062 system may not b\n-000498d0: 6520 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2061 7320 7468 e the same as th\n-000498e0: 650a 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 7420 6472 6976 e. boot driv\n-000498f0: 6520 6f72 6465 7269 6e67 2075 7365 6420 e ordering used \n-00049900: 6279 2079 6f75 7220 6669 726d 7761 7265 by your firmware\n-00049910: 2e20 2044 6f20 6e6f 7420 6173 7375 6d65 . Do not assume\n-00049920: 2074 6861 7420 796f 7572 0a20 2020 2020 that your. \n-00049930: 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 7269 7665 first hard drive\n-00049940: 2028 652e 672e 2020 e280 982f 6465 762f (e.g. .../dev/\n-00049950: 7364 61e2 8099 2920 6973 2074 6865 206f sda...) is the o\n-00049960: 6e65 2074 6861 7420 796f 7572 2066 6972 ne that your fir\n-00049970: 6d77 6172 650a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 mware. will \n-00049980: 626f 6f74 2066 726f 6d2e 2020 e280 9864 boot from. ...d\n-00049990: 6576 6963 652e 6d61 70e2 8099 2028 2a6e evice.map... (*n\n-000499a0: 6f74 6520 4465 7669 6365 206d 6170 3a3a ote Device map::\n-000499b0: 2920 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f ) can be used to\n-000499c0: 0a20 2020 2020 6f76 6572 7269 6465 2074 . override t\n-000499d0: 6869 732c 2062 7574 2069 7420 6973 2075 his, but it is u\n-000499e0: 7375 616c 6c79 2062 6574 7465 7220 746f sually better to\n-000499f0: 2075 7365 2055 5549 4473 206f 7220 6669 use UUIDs or fi\n-00049a00: 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 206c le system. l\n-00049a10: 6162 656c 7320 616e 6420 6176 6f69 6420 abels and avoid \n-00049a20: 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2064 7269 depending on dri\n-00049a30: 7665 206f 7264 6572 696e 6720 656e 7469 ve ordering enti\n-00049a40: 7265 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4174 rely... ... At\n-00049a50: 206c 6561 7374 206f 6e20 4249 4f53 2073 least on BIOS s\n-00049a60: 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2074 ystems, if you t\n-00049a70: 656c 6c20 e280 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 ell ...grub-inst\n-00049a80: 616c 6ce2 8099 2074 6f20 696e 7374 616c all... to instal\n-00049a90: 6c0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 746f 2061 l. GRUB to a\n-00049aa0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2062 7574 2047 partition but G\n-00049ab0: 5255 4220 6861 7320 616c 7265 6164 7920 RUB has already \n-00049ac0: 6265 656e 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2069 been installed i\n-00049ad0: 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 206d 6173 7465 n the. maste\n-00049ae0: 7220 626f 6f74 2072 6563 6f72 642c 2074 r boot record, t\n-00049af0: 6865 6e20 7468 6520 4752 5542 2069 6e73 hen the GRUB ins\n-00049b00: 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e20 696e 2074 6865 tallation in the\n-00049b10: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 partition. \n-00049b20: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6967 6e6f 7265 642e will be ignored.\n-00049b30: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2049 6620 706f 7373 .. ... If poss\n-00049b40: 6962 6c65 2c20 6974 2069 7320 6765 6e65 ible, it is gene\n-00049b50: 7261 6c6c 7920 6265 7374 2074 6f20 6176 rally best to av\n-00049b60: 6f69 6420 696e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 oid installing G\n-00049b70: 5255 4220 746f 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7061 RUB to a. pa\n-00049b80: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 2875 6e6c 6573 7320 rtition (unless \n-00049b90: 6974 2069 7320 6120 7370 6563 6961 6c20 it is a special \n-00049ba0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 666f 7220 7468 partition for th\n-00049bb0: 6520 7573 6520 6f66 2047 5255 420a 2020 e use of GRUB. \n-00049bc0: 2020 2061 6c6f 6e65 2c20 7375 6368 2061 alone, such a\n-00049bd0: 7320 7468 6520 4249 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 s the BIOS Boot \n-00049be0: 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7573 6564 206f Partition used o\n-00049bf0: 6e20 4750 5429 2e20 446f 696e 6720 7468 n GPT). Doing th\n-00049c00: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 616e 7320 7468 is. means th\n-00049c10: 6174 2047 5255 4220 6d61 7920 7374 6f70 at GRUB may stop\n-00049c20: 2062 6569 6e67 2061 626c 6520 746f 2072 being able to r\n-00049c30: 6561 6420 6974 7320 636f 7265 2069 6d61 ead its core ima\n-00049c40: 6765 2064 7565 2074 6f20 610a 2020 2020 ge due to a. \n-00049c50: 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 206d 6f76 file system mov\n-00049c60: 696e 6720 626c 6f63 6b73 2061 726f 756e ing blocks aroun\n-00049c70: 642c 2073 7563 6820 6173 2077 6869 6c65 d, such as while\n-00049c80: 2064 6566 7261 676d 656e 7469 6e67 2c0a defragmenting,.\n-00049c90: 2020 2020 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2063 6865 running che\n-00049ca0: 636b 732c 206f 7220 6576 656e 2064 7572 cks, or even dur\n-00049cb0: 696e 6720 6e6f 726d 616c 206f 7065 7261 ing normal opera\n-00049cc0: 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e tion. Installin\n-00049cd0: 6720 746f 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7768 g to the. wh\n-00049ce0: 6f6c 6520 6469 736b 2064 6576 6963 6520 ole disk device \n-00049cf0: 6973 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 6d6f 7265 is normally more\n-00049d00: 2072 6f62 7573 742e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 robust... ...\n-00049d10: 2043 6865 636b 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 Check that GRUB\n-00049d20: 2061 6374 7561 6c6c 7920 6b6e 6f77 7320 actually knows \n-00049d30: 686f 7720 746f 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d how to read from\n-00049d40: 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 616e 6420 the device and \n-00049d50: 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 7379 7374 656d file. system\n-00049d60: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 e280 982f containing .../\n-00049d70: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2e20 2049 boot/grub.... I\n-00049d80: 7420 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 2062 6520 6162 t will not be ab\n-00049d90: 6c65 2074 6f20 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d0a le to read from.\n-00049da0: 2020 2020 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2064 encrypted d\n-00049db0: 6576 6963 6573 2077 6974 6820 756e 7375 evices with unsu\n-00049dc0: 7070 6f72 7465 6420 656e 6372 7970 7469 pported encrypti\n-00049dd0: 6f6e 2073 6368 656d 652c 206e 6f72 2066 on scheme, nor f\n-00049de0: 726f 6d20 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 7379 rom file. sy\n-00049df0: 7374 656d 7320 666f 7220 7768 6963 6820 stems for which \n-00049e00: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6861 7320 6e6f 7420 support has not \n-00049e10: 7965 7420 6265 656e 2061 6464 6564 2074 yet been added t\n-00049e20: 6f20 4752 5542 2e0a 0a o GRUB...\n+000492e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n+000492f0: 4752 5542 2773 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 7374 GRUB's normal st\n+00049300: 6172 742d 7570 2070 726f 6365 6475 7265 art-up procedure\n+00049310: 2069 6e76 6f6c 7665 7320 7365 7474 696e involves settin\n+00049320: 6720 7468 6520 e280 9870 7265 6669 78e2 g the ...prefix.\n+00049330: 8099 0a65 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 ...environment v\n+00049340: 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f 2061 2076 616c ariable to a val\n+00049350: 7565 2073 6574 2069 6e20 7468 6520 636f ue set in the co\n+00049360: 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2062 7920 e280 9867 re image by ...g\n+00049370: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2c0a rub-install...,.\n+00049380: 7365 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 9872 setting the ...r\n+00049390: 6f6f 74e2 8099 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 oot... variable \n+000493a0: 746f 206d 6174 6368 2c20 6c6f 6164 696e to match, loadin\n+000493b0: 6720 7468 6520 e280 986e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 g the ...normal.\n+000493c0: 8099 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6672 6f6d 0a74 .. module from.t\n+000493d0: 6865 2070 7265 6669 782c 2061 6e64 2072 he prefix, and r\n+000493e0: 756e 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6e6f unning the ...no\n+000493f0: 726d 616c e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 rmal... command \n+00049400: 282a 6e6f 7465 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a29 (*note normal::)\n+00049410: 2e20 2054 6869 730a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 . This.command \n+00049420: 6973 2072 6573 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 2066 is responsible f\n+00049430: 6f72 2072 6561 6469 6e67 20e2 8098 2f62 or reading .../b\n+00049440: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 oot/grub/grub.cf\n+00049450: 67e2 8099 2c20 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 7468 g..., running th\n+00049460: 650a 6d65 6e75 2c20 616e 6420 646f 696e e.menu, and doin\n+00049470: 6720 616c 6c20 7468 6520 7573 6566 756c g all the useful\n+00049480: 2074 6869 6e67 7320 4752 5542 2069 7320 things GRUB is \n+00049490: 7375 7070 6f73 6564 2074 6f20 646f 2e0a supposed to do..\n+000494a0: 0a20 2020 4966 2c20 696e 7374 6561 642c . If, instead,\n+000494b0: 2079 6f75 206f 6e6c 7920 6765 7420 6120 you only get a \n+000494c0: 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 2c20 7468 rescue shell, th\n+000494d0: 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 206d 6561 6e73 is usually means\n+000494e0: 2074 6861 740a 4752 5542 2066 6169 6c65 that.GRUB faile\n+000494f0: 6420 746f 206c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 e280 d to load the ..\n+00049500: 986e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 206d 6f64 756c .normal... modul\n+00049510: 6520 666f 7220 736f 6d65 2072 6561 736f e for some reaso\n+00049520: 6e2e 2020 4974 206d 6179 2062 650a 706f n. It may be.po\n+00049530: 7373 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 776f 726b 2061 ssible to work a\n+00049540: 726f 756e 6420 7468 6973 2074 656d 706f round this tempo\n+00049550: 7261 7269 6c79 3a20 666f 7220 696e 7374 rarily: for inst\n+00049560: 616e 6365 2c20 6966 2074 6865 2072 6561 ance, if the rea\n+00049570: 736f 6e0a 666f 7220 7468 6520 6661 696c son.for the fail\n+00049580: 7572 6520 6973 2074 6861 7420 e280 9870 ure is that ...p\n+00049590: 7265 6669 78e2 8099 2069 7320 7772 6f6e refix... is wron\n+000495a0: 6720 2870 6572 6861 7073 2069 7420 7265 g (perhaps it re\n+000495b0: 6665 7273 2074 6f20 7468 650a 7772 6f6e fers to the.wron\n+000495c0: 6720 6465 7669 6365 2c20 6f72 2070 6572 g device, or per\n+000495d0: 6861 7073 2074 6865 2070 6174 6820 746f haps the path to\n+000495e0: 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 .../boot/grub..\n+000495f0: 9920 7761 7320 6e6f 7420 636f 7272 6563 . was not correc\n+00049600: 746c 7920 6d61 6465 0a72 656c 6174 6976 tly made.relativ\n+00049610: 6520 746f 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6529 e to the device)\n+00049620: 2c20 7468 656e 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2063 , then you can c\n+00049630: 6f72 7265 6374 2074 6869 7320 616e 6420 orrect this and \n+00049640: 656e 7465 7220 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 enter normal mod\n+00049650: 650a 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 3a0a 0a20 2020 e.manually:.. \n+00049660: 2020 2320 496e 7370 6563 7420 7468 6520 # Inspect the \n+00049670: 6375 7272 656e 7420 7072 6566 6978 2028 current prefix (\n+00049680: 616e 6420 6f74 6865 7220 7072 6573 6574 and other preset\n+00049690: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 293a 0a20 2020 variables):. \n+000496a0: 2020 7365 740a 2020 2020 2023 2046 696e set. # Fin\n+000496b0: 6420 6f75 7420 7768 6963 6820 6465 7669 d out which devi\n+000496c0: 6365 7320 6172 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c ces are availabl\n+000496d0: 653a 0a20 2020 2020 6c73 0a20 2020 2020 e:. ls. \n+000496e0: 2320 5365 7420 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f72 # Set to the cor\n+000496f0: 7265 6374 2076 616c 7565 2c20 7768 6963 rect value, whic\n+00049700: 6820 6d69 6768 7420 6265 2073 6f6d 6574 h might be somet\n+00049710: 6869 6e67 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a hing like this:.\n+00049720: 2020 2020 2073 6574 2070 7265 6669 783d set prefix=\n+00049730: 2868 6430 2c31 292f 6772 7562 0a20 2020 (hd0,1)/grub. \n+00049740: 2020 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 302c set root=(hd0,\n+00049750: 3129 0a20 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 206e 1). insmod n\n+00049760: 6f72 6d61 6c0a 2020 2020 206e 6f72 6d61 ormal. norma\n+00049770: 6c0a 0a20 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 2061 l.. However, a\n+00049780: 6e79 2070 726f 626c 656d 2074 6861 7420 ny problem that \n+00049790: 6c65 6176 6573 2079 6f75 2069 6e20 7468 leaves you in th\n+000497a0: 6520 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 2070 e rescue shell p\n+000497b0: 726f 6261 626c 790a 6d65 616e 7320 7468 robably.means th\n+000497c0: 6174 2047 5255 4220 7761 7320 6e6f 7420 at GRUB was not \n+000497d0: 636f 7272 6563 746c 7920 696e 7374 616c correctly instal\n+000497e0: 6c65 642e 2020 4974 206d 6179 2062 6520 led. It may be \n+000497f0: 6d6f 7265 2075 7365 6675 6c20 746f 0a74 more useful to.t\n+00049800: 7279 2074 6f20 7265 696e 7374 616c 6c20 ry to reinstall \n+00049810: 6974 2070 726f 7065 726c 7920 7573 696e it properly usin\n+00049820: 6720 e280 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c g ...grub-instal\n+00049830: 6c20 4445 5649 4345 e280 9920 282a 6e6f l DEVICE... (*no\n+00049840: 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 670a 6772 7562 te Invoking.grub\n+00049850: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a 292e 2020 5768 -install::). Wh\n+00049860: 656e 2064 6f69 6e67 2074 6869 732c 2074 en doing this, t\n+00049870: 6865 7265 2061 7265 2061 2066 6577 2074 here are a few t\n+00049880: 6869 6e67 7320 746f 2072 656d 656d 6265 hings to remembe\n+00049890: 723a 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2044 7269 7665 r:.. ... Drive\n+000498a0: 206f 7264 6572 696e 6720 696e 2079 6f75 ordering in you\n+000498b0: 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 r operating syst\n+000498c0: 656d 206d 6179 206e 6f74 2062 6520 7468 em may not be th\n+000498d0: 6520 7361 6d65 2061 7320 7468 650a 2020 e same as the. \n+000498e0: 2020 2062 6f6f 7420 6472 6976 6520 6f72 boot drive or\n+000498f0: 6465 7269 6e67 2075 7365 6420 6279 2079 dering used by y\n+00049900: 6f75 7220 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e20 2044 our firmware. D\n+00049910: 6f20 6e6f 7420 6173 7375 6d65 2074 6861 o not assume tha\n+00049920: 7420 796f 7572 0a20 2020 2020 6669 7273 t your. firs\n+00049930: 7420 6861 7264 2064 7269 7665 2028 652e t hard drive (e.\n+00049940: 672e 2020 e280 982f 6465 762f 7364 61e2 g. .../dev/sda.\n+00049950: 8099 2920 6973 2074 6865 206f 6e65 2074 ..) is the one t\n+00049960: 6861 7420 796f 7572 2066 6972 6d77 6172 hat your firmwar\n+00049970: 650a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 626f 6f74 e. will boot\n+00049980: 2066 726f 6d2e 2020 e280 9864 6576 6963 from. ...devic\n+00049990: 652e 6d61 70e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 e.map... (*note \n+000499a0: 4465 7669 6365 206d 6170 3a3a 2920 6361 Device map::) ca\n+000499b0: 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 0a20 2020 n be used to. \n+000499c0: 2020 6f76 6572 7269 6465 2074 6869 732c override this,\n+000499d0: 2062 7574 2069 7420 6973 2075 7375 616c but it is usual\n+000499e0: 6c79 2062 6574 7465 7220 746f 2075 7365 ly better to use\n+000499f0: 2055 5549 4473 206f 7220 6669 6c65 2073 UUIDs or file s\n+00049a00: 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 206c 6162 656c ystem. label\n+00049a10: 7320 616e 6420 6176 6f69 6420 6465 7065 s and avoid depe\n+00049a20: 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2064 7269 7665 206f nding on drive o\n+00049a30: 7264 6572 696e 6720 656e 7469 7265 6c79 rdering entirely\n+00049a40: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4174 206c 6561 ... ... At lea\n+00049a50: 7374 206f 6e20 4249 4f53 2073 7973 7465 st on BIOS syste\n+00049a60: 6d73 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2074 656c 6c20 ms, if you tell \n+00049a70: e280 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 ...grub-install.\n+00049a80: 8099 2074 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c0a 2020 .. to install. \n+00049a90: 2020 2047 5255 4220 746f 2061 2070 6172 GRUB to a par\n+00049aa0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2062 7574 2047 5255 4220 tition but GRUB \n+00049ab0: 6861 7320 616c 7265 6164 7920 6265 656e has already been\n+00049ac0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2069 6e20 7468 installed in th\n+00049ad0: 650a 2020 2020 206d 6173 7465 7220 626f e. master bo\n+00049ae0: 6f74 2072 6563 6f72 642c 2074 6865 6e20 ot record, then \n+00049af0: 7468 6520 4752 5542 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c the GRUB install\n+00049b00: 6174 696f 6e20 696e 2074 6865 2070 6172 ation in the par\n+00049b10: 7469 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c tition. will\n+00049b20: 2062 6520 6967 6e6f 7265 642e 0a0a 2020 be ignored... \n+00049b30: 20e2 80a2 2049 6620 706f 7373 6962 6c65 ... If possible\n+00049b40: 2c20 6974 2069 7320 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c , it is generall\n+00049b50: 7920 6265 7374 2074 6f20 6176 6f69 6420 y best to avoid \n+00049b60: 696e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 installing GRUB \n+00049b70: 746f 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 6974 to a. partit\n+00049b80: 696f 6e20 2875 6e6c 6573 7320 6974 2069 ion (unless it i\n+00049b90: 7320 6120 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7061 7274 s a special part\n+00049ba0: 6974 696f 6e20 666f 7220 7468 6520 7573 ition for the us\n+00049bb0: 6520 6f66 2047 5255 420a 2020 2020 2061 e of GRUB. a\n+00049bc0: 6c6f 6e65 2c20 7375 6368 2061 7320 7468 lone, such as th\n+00049bd0: 6520 4249 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 e BIOS Boot Part\n+00049be0: 6974 696f 6e20 7573 6564 206f 6e20 4750 ition used on GP\n+00049bf0: 5429 2e20 446f 696e 6720 7468 6973 0a20 T). Doing this. \n+00049c00: 2020 2020 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 2047 means that G\n+00049c10: 5255 4220 6d61 7920 7374 6f70 2062 6569 RUB may stop bei\n+00049c20: 6e67 2061 626c 6520 746f 2072 6561 6420 ng able to read \n+00049c30: 6974 7320 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2064 its core image d\n+00049c40: 7565 2074 6f20 610a 2020 2020 2066 696c ue to a. fil\n+00049c50: 6520 7379 7374 656d 206d 6f76 696e 6720 e system moving \n+00049c60: 626c 6f63 6b73 2061 726f 756e 642c 2073 blocks around, s\n+00049c70: 7563 6820 6173 2077 6869 6c65 2064 6566 uch as while def\n+00049c80: 7261 676d 656e 7469 6e67 2c0a 2020 2020 ragmenting,. \n+00049c90: 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2063 6865 636b 732c running checks,\n+00049ca0: 206f 7220 6576 656e 2064 7572 696e 6720 or even during \n+00049cb0: 6e6f 726d 616c 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e normal operation\n+00049cc0: 2e20 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 746f . Installing to\n+00049cd0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7768 6f6c 6520 the. whole \n+00049ce0: 6469 736b 2064 6576 6963 6520 6973 206e disk device is n\n+00049cf0: 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 6d6f 7265 2072 6f62 ormally more rob\n+00049d00: 7573 742e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2043 6865 ust... ... Che\n+00049d10: 636b 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2061 6374 ck that GRUB act\n+00049d20: 7561 6c6c 7920 6b6e 6f77 7320 686f 7720 ually knows how \n+00049d30: 746f 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 to read from the\n+00049d40: 2064 6576 6963 6520 616e 6420 6669 6c65 device and file\n+00049d50: 0a20 2020 2020 7379 7374 656d 2063 6f6e . system con\n+00049d60: 7461 696e 696e 6720 e280 982f 626f 6f74 taining .../boot\n+00049d70: 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2e20 2049 7420 7769 /grub.... It wi\n+00049d80: 6c6c 206e 6f74 2062 6520 6162 6c65 2074 ll not be able t\n+00049d90: 6f20 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d0a 2020 2020 o read from. \n+00049da0: 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2064 6576 6963 encrypted devic\n+00049db0: 6573 2077 6974 6820 756e 7375 7070 6f72 es with unsuppor\n+00049dc0: 7465 6420 656e 6372 7970 7469 6f6e 2073 ted encryption s\n+00049dd0: 6368 656d 652c 206e 6f72 2066 726f 6d20 cheme, nor from \n+00049de0: 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 7379 7374 656d file. system\n+00049df0: 7320 666f 7220 7768 6963 6820 7375 7070 s for which supp\n+00049e00: 6f72 7420 6861 7320 6e6f 7420 7965 7420 ort has not yet \n+00049e10: 6265 656e 2061 6464 6564 2074 6f20 4752 been added to GR\n+00049e20: 5542 2e0a 0a UB...\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/share/info/grub.info-2.gz", "source2": "./usr/share/info/grub.info-2.gz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "grub.info-2", "source2": "grub.info-2", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3174 +1,3174 @@\n 00000000: 5468 6973 2069 7320 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 This is grub.inf\n 00000010: 6f2c 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 6279 206d o, produced by m\n 00000020: 616b 6569 6e66 6f20 7665 7273 696f 6e20 akeinfo version \n 00000030: 372e 3120 6672 6f6d 2067 7275 622e 7465 7.1 from grub.te\n 00000040: 7869 2e0a 0a54 6869 7320 6d61 6e75 616c xi...This manual\n 00000050: 2069 7320 666f 7220 474e 5520 4752 5542 is for GNU GRUB\n 00000060: 2028 7665 7273 696f 6e20 322e 3132 2c20 (version 2.12, \n-00000070: 3237 2041 7072 696c 2032 3032 3429 2e0a 27 April 2024)..\n-00000080: 0a20 2020 436f 7079 7269 6768 7420 c2a9 . Copyright ..\n-00000090: 0a31 3939 392c 3230 3030 2c32 3030 312c .1999,2000,2001,\n-000000a0: 3230 3032 2c32 3030 342c 3230 3036 2c32 2002,2004,2006,2\n-000000b0: 3030 382c 3230 3039 2c32 3031 302c 3230 008,2009,2010,20\n-000000c0: 3131 2c32 3031 322c 3230 3133 2046 7265 11,2012,2013 Fre\n-000000d0: 650a 536f 6674 7761 7265 2046 6f75 6e64 e.Software Found\n-000000e0: 6174 696f 6e2c 2049 6e63 2e0a 0a20 2020 ation, Inc... \n-000000f0: 2020 5065 726d 6973 7369 6f6e 2069 7320 Permission is \n-00000100: 6772 616e 7465 6420 746f 2063 6f70 792c granted to copy,\n-00000110: 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6520 616e 642f distribute and/\n-00000120: 6f72 206d 6f64 6966 7920 7468 6973 0a20 or modify this. \n-00000130: 2020 2020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 2075 6e64 document und\n-00000140: 6572 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d73 206f 6620 er the terms of \n-00000150: 7468 6520 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 the GNU Free Doc\n-00000160: 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e umentation Licen\n-00000170: 7365 2c0a 2020 2020 2056 6572 7369 6f6e se,. Version\n-00000180: 2031 2e32 206f 7220 616e 7920 6c61 7465 1.2 or any late\n-00000190: 7220 7665 7273 696f 6e20 7075 626c 6973 r version publis\n-000001a0: 6865 6420 6279 2074 6865 2046 7265 6520 hed by the Free \n-000001b0: 536f 6674 7761 7265 0a20 2020 2020 466f Software. Fo\n-000001c0: 756e 6461 7469 6f6e 3b20 7769 7468 206e undation; with n\n-000001d0: 6f20 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 6374 o Invariant Sect\n-000001e0: 696f 6e73 2e0a 494e 464f 2d44 4952 2d53 ions..INFO-DIR-S\n-000001f0: 4543 5449 4f4e 204b 6572 6e65 6c0a 5354 ECTION Kernel.ST\n-00000200: 4152 542d 494e 464f 2d44 4952 2d45 4e54 ART-INFO-DIR-ENT\n-00000210: 5259 0a2a 2047 5255 423a 2028 6772 7562 RY.* GRUB: (grub\n-00000220: 292e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ). \n-00000230: 2020 2054 6865 2047 5261 6e64 2055 6e69 The GRand Uni\n-00000240: 6669 6564 2042 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 720a fied Bootloader.\n-00000250: 2a20 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a20 * grub-install: \n-00000260: 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 (grub)Invoking g\n-00000270: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c2e 2020 2020 rub-install. \n-00000280: 496e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 206f 6e20 Install GRUB on \n-00000290: 796f 7572 2064 7269 7665 0a2a 2067 7275 your drive.* gru\n-000002a0: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 3a20 2867 7275 b-mkconfig: (gru\n-000002b0: 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d b)Invoking grub-\n-000002c0: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 2e20 2047 656e 6572 mkconfig. Gener\n-000002d0: 6174 6520 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 ate GRUB configu\n-000002e0: 7261 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6b ration.* grub-mk\n-000002f0: 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 323a 2028 passwd-pbkdf2: (\n-00000300: 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 grub)Invoking gr\n-00000310: 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 ub-mkpasswd-pbkd\n-00000320: 6632 2e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c f2..* grub-mkrel\n-00000330: 7061 7468 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f path: (grub)Invo\n-00000340: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 king grub-mkrelp\n-00000350: 6174 682e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 ath..* grub-mkre\n-00000360: 7363 7565 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f scue: (grub)Invo\n-00000370: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 king grub-mkresc\n-00000380: 7565 2e20 204d 616b 6520 6120 4752 5542 ue. Make a GRUB\n-00000390: 2072 6573 6375 6520 696d 6167 650a 2a20 rescue image.* \n-000003a0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 3a20 2867 7275 grub-mount: (gru\n-000003b0: 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d b)Invoking grub-\n-000003c0: 6d6f 756e 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d6f mount. Mo\n-000003d0: 756e 7420 6120 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 unt a file syste\n-000003e0: 6d20 7573 696e 6720 4752 5542 0a2a 2067 m using GRUB.* g\n-000003f0: 7275 622d 7072 6f62 653a 2028 6772 7562 rub-probe: (grub\n-00000400: 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d70 )Invoking grub-p\n-00000410: 726f 6265 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2050 726f robe. Pro\n-00000420: 6265 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e 666f 726d be device inform\n-00000430: 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d73 6372 ation.* grub-scr\n-00000440: 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b3a 2028 6772 7562 ipt-check: (grub\n-00000450: 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d73 )Invoking grub-s\n-00000460: 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b2e 0a45 4e44 cript-check..END\n-00000470: 2d49 4e46 4f2d 4449 522d 454e 5452 590a -INFO-DIR-ENTRY.\n-00000480: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00000490: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 6972 6d77 fo, Node: Firmw\n-000004a0: 6172 6520 7374 616c 6c73 2069 6e73 7465 are stalls inste\n-000004b0: 6164 206f 6620 626f 6f74 696e 6720 4752 ad of booting GR\n-000004c0: 5542 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 5255 4220 UB, Prev: GRUB \n-000004d0: 6f6e 6c79 206f 6666 6572 7320 6120 7265 only offers a re\n-000004e0: 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 2c20 2055 703a scue shell, Up:\n-000004f0: 2054 726f 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 6e67 Troubleshooting\n-00000500: 0a0a 3233 2e32 2046 6972 6d77 6172 6520 ..23.2 Firmware \n-00000510: 7374 616c 6c73 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f stalls instead o\n-00000520: 6620 626f 6f74 696e 6720 4752 5542 0a3d f booting GRUB.=\n+00000070: 3331 204d 6179 2032 3032 3529 2e0a 0a20 31 May 2025)... \n+00000080: 2020 436f 7079 7269 6768 7420 c2a9 0a31 Copyright ...1\n+00000090: 3939 392c 3230 3030 2c32 3030 312c 3230 999,2000,2001,20\n+000000a0: 3032 2c32 3030 342c 3230 3036 2c32 3030 02,2004,2006,200\n+000000b0: 382c 3230 3039 2c32 3031 302c 3230 3131 8,2009,2010,2011\n+000000c0: 2c32 3031 322c 3230 3133 2046 7265 650a ,2012,2013 Free.\n+000000d0: 536f 6674 7761 7265 2046 6f75 6e64 6174 Software Foundat\n+000000e0: 696f 6e2c 2049 6e63 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 ion, Inc... \n+000000f0: 5065 726d 6973 7369 6f6e 2069 7320 6772 Permission is gr\n+00000100: 616e 7465 6420 746f 2063 6f70 792c 2064 anted to copy, d\n+00000110: 6973 7472 6962 7574 6520 616e 642f 6f72 istribute and/or\n+00000120: 206d 6f64 6966 7920 7468 6973 0a20 2020 modify this. \n+00000130: 2020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 2075 6e64 6572 document under\n+00000140: 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d73 206f 6620 7468 the terms of th\n+00000150: 6520 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 756d e GNU Free Docum\n+00000160: 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e 7365 entation License\n+00000170: 2c0a 2020 2020 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2031 ,. Version 1\n+00000180: 2e32 206f 7220 616e 7920 6c61 7465 7220 .2 or any later \n+00000190: 7665 7273 696f 6e20 7075 626c 6973 6865 version publishe\n+000001a0: 6420 6279 2074 6865 2046 7265 6520 536f d by the Free So\n+000001b0: 6674 7761 7265 0a20 2020 2020 466f 756e ftware. Foun\n+000001c0: 6461 7469 6f6e 3b20 7769 7468 206e 6f20 dation; with no \n+000001d0: 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 6374 696f Invariant Sectio\n+000001e0: 6e73 2e0a 494e 464f 2d44 4952 2d53 4543 ns..INFO-DIR-SEC\n+000001f0: 5449 4f4e 204b 6572 6e65 6c0a 5354 4152 TION Kernel.STAR\n+00000200: 542d 494e 464f 2d44 4952 2d45 4e54 5259 T-INFO-DIR-ENTRY\n+00000210: 0a2a 2047 5255 423a 2028 6772 7562 292e .* GRUB: (grub).\n+00000220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00000230: 2054 6865 2047 5261 6e64 2055 6e69 6669 The GRand Unifi\n+00000240: 6564 2042 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 720a 2a20 ed Bootloader.* \n+00000250: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a20 2867 grub-install: (g\n+00000260: 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 rub)Invoking gru\n+00000270: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c2e 2020 2020 496e b-install. In\n+00000280: 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 206f 6e20 796f stall GRUB on yo\n+00000290: 7572 2064 7269 7665 0a2a 2067 7275 622d ur drive.* grub-\n+000002a0: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 3a20 2867 7275 6229 mkconfig: (grub)\n+000002b0: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n+000002c0: 636f 6e66 6967 2e20 2047 656e 6572 6174 config. Generat\n+000002d0: 6520 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 e GRUB configura\n+000002e0: 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 tion.* grub-mkpa\n+000002f0: 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 323a 2028 6772 sswd-pbkdf2: (gr\n+00000300: 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 ub)Invoking grub\n+00000310: 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 -mkpasswd-pbkdf2\n+00000320: 2e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 ..* grub-mkrelpa\n+00000330: 7468 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 th: (grub)Invoki\n+00000340: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 ng grub-mkrelpat\n+00000350: 682e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 h..* grub-mkresc\n+00000360: 7565 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 ue: (grub)Invoki\n+00000370: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 ng grub-mkrescue\n+00000380: 2e20 204d 616b 6520 6120 4752 5542 2072 . Make a GRUB r\n+00000390: 6573 6375 6520 696d 6167 650a 2a20 6772 escue image.* gr\n+000003a0: 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 3a20 2867 7275 6229 ub-mount: (grub)\n+000003b0: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6f Invoking grub-mo\n+000003c0: 756e 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d6f 756e unt. Moun\n+000003d0: 7420 6120 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 t a file system \n+000003e0: 7573 696e 6720 4752 5542 0a2a 2067 7275 using GRUB.* gru\n+000003f0: 622d 7072 6f62 653a 2028 6772 7562 2949 b-probe: (grub)I\n+00000400: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d70 726f nvoking grub-pro\n+00000410: 6265 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2050 726f 6265 be. Probe\n+00000420: 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 device informat\n+00000430: 696f 6e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 ion.* grub-scrip\n+00000440: 742d 6368 6563 6b3a 2028 6772 7562 2949 t-check: (grub)I\n+00000450: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d73 6372 nvoking grub-scr\n+00000460: 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b2e 0a45 4e44 2d49 ipt-check..END-I\n+00000470: 4e46 4f2d 4449 522d 454e 5452 590a 0a1f NFO-DIR-ENTRY...\n+00000480: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00000490: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 6972 6d77 6172 , Node: Firmwar\n+000004a0: 6520 7374 616c 6c73 2069 6e73 7465 6164 e stalls instead\n+000004b0: 206f 6620 626f 6f74 696e 6720 4752 5542 of booting GRUB\n+000004c0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 5255 4220 6f6e , Prev: GRUB on\n+000004d0: 6c79 206f 6666 6572 7320 6120 7265 7363 ly offers a resc\n+000004e0: 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 2c20 2055 703a 2054 ue shell, Up: T\n+000004f0: 726f 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a0a roubleshooting..\n+00000500: 3233 2e32 2046 6972 6d77 6172 6520 7374 23.2 Firmware st\n+00000510: 616c 6c73 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 alls instead of \n+00000520: 626f 6f74 696e 6720 4752 5542 0a3d 3d3d booting GRUB.===\n 00000530: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00000540: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00000550: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 ===========..The\n-00000560: 2045 4649 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6174 EFI implementat\n-00000570: 696f 6e20 6f66 2073 6f6d 6520 6f6c 6465 ion of some olde\n-00000580: 7220 4d61 6342 6f6f 6b20 6c61 7074 6f70 r MacBook laptop\n-00000590: 7320 7374 616c 6c73 2077 6865 6e20 6974 s stalls when it\n-000005a0: 2067 6574 730a 7072 6573 656e 7465 6420 gets.presented \n-000005b0: 6120 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6520 a grub-mkrescue \n-000005c0: 4953 4f20 696d 6167 6520 666f 7220 7838 ISO image for x8\n-000005d0: 365f 3634 2d65 6669 2074 6172 6765 7420 6_64-efi target \n-000005e0: 6f6e 2061 6e20 5553 420a 7374 6963 6b2e on an USB.stick.\n-000005f0: 2020 4166 6665 6374 6564 2061 7265 206d Affected are m\n-00000600: 6f64 656c 7320 6f66 2079 6561 7220 3230 odels of year 20\n-00000610: 3130 206f 7220 6561 726c 6965 722e 2020 10 or earlier. \n-00000620: 576f 726b 6172 6f75 6e64 2069 7320 746f Workaround is to\n-00000630: 0a7a 6572 6f69 7a65 2074 6865 2062 7974 .zeroize the byt\n-00000640: 6573 2034 3436 2074 6f20 3436 3120 6f66 es 446 to 461 of\n-00000650: 2074 6865 2045 4649 2070 6172 7469 7469 the EFI partiti\n-00000660: 6f6e 2c20 7768 6572 6520 6d66 6f72 6d61 on, where mforma\n-00000670: 7420 6861 7320 7075 740a 6120 7061 7274 t has put.a part\n-00000680: 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 656e 7472 ition table entr\n-00000690: 7920 7768 6963 6820 636c 6169 6d73 2070 y which claims p\n-000006a0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2073 7461 7274 2061 artition start a\n-000006b0: 7420 626c 6f63 6b20 302e 2020 5468 6973 t block 0. This\n-000006c0: 0a63 6861 6e67 6520 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 .change will not\n-000006d0: 2068 616d 7065 7220 626f 6f74 6162 696c hamper bootabil\n-000006e0: 6974 7920 6f6e 206f 7468 6572 206d 6163 ity on other mac\n-000006f0: 6869 6e65 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 hines.....File: \n-00000700: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00000710: 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 : User-space uti\n-00000720: 6c69 7469 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204f lities, Next: O\n-00000730: 6274 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 btaining and Bui\n-00000740: 6c64 696e 6720 4752 5542 2c20 2050 7265 lding GRUB, Pre\n-00000750: 763a 2054 726f 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 v: Troubleshooti\n-00000760: 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3234 ng, Up: Top..24\n-00000770: 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c User-space util\n-00000780: 6974 6965 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ities.**********\n-00000790: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a2a *************..*\n-000007a0: 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 496e 766f 6b69 Menu:..* Invoki\n-000007b0: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c3a ng grub-install:\n-000007c0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 486f 7720 746f 2075 : How to u\n-000007d0: 7365 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 696e 7374 se the GRUB inst\n-000007e0: 616c 6c65 720a 2a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 aller.* Invoking\n-000007f0: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 3a3a grub-mkconfig::\n-00000800: 2020 2020 2020 4765 6e65 7261 7465 2061 Generate a\n-00000810: 2047 5255 4220 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 GRUB configurat\n-00000820: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b ion file.* Invok\n-00000830: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 ing grub-mkpassw\n-00000840: 642d 7062 6b64 6632 3a3a 0a20 2020 2020 d-pbkdf2::. \n+00000550: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2045 =========..The E\n+00000560: 4649 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6174 696f FI implementatio\n+00000570: 6e20 6f66 2073 6f6d 6520 6f6c 6465 7220 n of some older \n+00000580: 4d61 6342 6f6f 6b20 6c61 7074 6f70 7320 MacBook laptops \n+00000590: 7374 616c 6c73 2077 6865 6e20 6974 2067 stalls when it g\n+000005a0: 6574 730a 7072 6573 656e 7465 6420 6120 ets.presented a \n+000005b0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6520 4953 grub-mkrescue IS\n+000005c0: 4f20 696d 6167 6520 666f 7220 7838 365f O image for x86_\n+000005d0: 3634 2d65 6669 2074 6172 6765 7420 6f6e 64-efi target on\n+000005e0: 2061 6e20 5553 420a 7374 6963 6b2e 2020 an USB.stick. \n+000005f0: 4166 6665 6374 6564 2061 7265 206d 6f64 Affected are mod\n+00000600: 656c 7320 6f66 2079 6561 7220 3230 3130 els of year 2010\n+00000610: 206f 7220 6561 726c 6965 722e 2020 576f or earlier. Wo\n+00000620: 726b 6172 6f75 6e64 2069 7320 746f 0a7a rkaround is to.z\n+00000630: 6572 6f69 7a65 2074 6865 2062 7974 6573 eroize the bytes\n+00000640: 2034 3436 2074 6f20 3436 3120 6f66 2074 446 to 461 of t\n+00000650: 6865 2045 4649 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e he EFI partition\n+00000660: 2c20 7768 6572 6520 6d66 6f72 6d61 7420 , where mformat \n+00000670: 6861 7320 7075 740a 6120 7061 7274 6974 has put.a partit\n+00000680: 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 656e 7472 7920 ion table entry \n+00000690: 7768 6963 6820 636c 6169 6d73 2070 6172 which claims par\n+000006a0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2073 7461 7274 2061 7420 tition start at \n+000006b0: 626c 6f63 6b20 302e 2020 5468 6973 0a63 block 0. This.c\n+000006c0: 6861 6e67 6520 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 2068 hange will not h\n+000006d0: 616d 7065 7220 626f 6f74 6162 696c 6974 amper bootabilit\n+000006e0: 7920 6f6e 206f 7468 6572 206d 6163 6869 y on other machi\n+000006f0: 6e65 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 nes.....File: gr\n+00000700: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00000710: 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 User-space utili\n+00000720: 7469 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204f 6274 ties, Next: Obt\n+00000730: 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 aining and Build\n+00000740: 696e 6720 4752 5542 2c20 2050 7265 763a ing GRUB, Prev:\n+00000750: 2054 726f 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 6e67 Troubleshooting\n+00000760: 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3234 2055 , Up: Top..24 U\n+00000770: 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 ser-space utilit\n+00000780: 6965 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ies.************\n+00000790: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a2a 204d ***********..* M\n+000007a0: 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 enu:..* Invoking\n+000007b0: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c3a 3a20 grub-install:: \n+000007c0: 2020 2020 2020 486f 7720 746f 2075 7365 How to use\n+000007d0: 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 696e 7374 616c the GRUB instal\n+000007e0: 6c65 720a 2a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 ler.* Invoking g\n+000007f0: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 3a3a 2020 rub-mkconfig:: \n+00000800: 2020 2020 4765 6e65 7261 7465 2061 2047 Generate a G\n+00000810: 5255 4220 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f RUB configuratio\n+00000820: 6e20 6669 6c65 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e n file.* Invokin\n+00000830: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d g grub-mkpasswd-\n+00000840: 7062 6b64 6632 3a3a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 pbkdf2::. \n 00000850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 656e 6572 Gener\n-00000870: 6174 6520 4752 5542 2070 6173 7377 6f72 ate GRUB passwor\n-00000880: 6420 6861 7368 6573 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b d hashes.* Invok\n-00000890: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 ing grub-mkrelpa\n-000008a0: 7468 3a3a 2020 2020 204d 616b 6520 7379 th:: Make sy\n-000008b0: 7374 656d 2070 6174 6820 7265 6c61 7469 stem path relati\n-000008c0: 7665 2074 6f20 6974 7320 726f 6f74 0a2a ve to its root.*\n-000008d0: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d Invoking grub-m\n-000008e0: 6b72 6573 6375 653a 3a20 2020 2020 204d krescue:: M\n-000008f0: 616b 6520 6120 4752 5542 2072 6573 6375 ake a GRUB rescu\n-00000900: 6520 696d 6167 650a 2a20 496e 766f 6b69 e image.* Invoki\n-00000910: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 743a 3a20 ng grub-mount:: \n-00000920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d6f 756e 7420 6120 Mount a \n-00000930: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7573 696e file system usin\n-00000940: 6720 4752 5542 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e g GRUB.* Invokin\n-00000950: 6720 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 3a3a 2020 g grub-probe:: \n-00000960: 2020 2020 2020 2050 726f 6265 2064 6576 Probe dev\n-00000970: 6963 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 ice information \n-00000980: 666f 7220 4752 5542 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b for GRUB.* Invok\n-00000990: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 742d ing grub-script-\n-000009a0: 6368 6563 6b3a 3a20 2043 6865 636b 2047 check:: Check G\n-000009b0: 5255 4220 7363 7269 7074 2066 696c 6520 RUB script file \n-000009c0: 666f 7220 7379 6e74 6178 2065 7272 6f72 for syntax error\n-000009d0: 730a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e s....File: grub.\n-000009e0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 info, Node: Inv\n-000009f0: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 oking grub-insta\n-00000a00: 6c6c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b ll, Next: Invok\n-00000a10: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ing grub-mkconfi\n-00000a20: 672c 2020 5570 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 g, Up: User-spa\n-00000a30: 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 0a0a 3234 ce utilities..24\n-00000a40: 2e31 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 .1 Invoking grub\n-00000a50: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d -install.=======\n+00000860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 656e 6572 6174 Generat\n+00000870: 6520 4752 5542 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 e GRUB password \n+00000880: 6861 7368 6573 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e hashes.* Invokin\n+00000890: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 g grub-mkrelpath\n+000008a0: 3a3a 2020 2020 204d 616b 6520 7379 7374 :: Make syst\n+000008b0: 656d 2070 6174 6820 7265 6c61 7469 7665 em path relative\n+000008c0: 2074 6f20 6974 7320 726f 6f74 0a2a 2049 to its root.* I\n+000008d0: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 nvoking grub-mkr\n+000008e0: 6573 6375 653a 3a20 2020 2020 204d 616b escue:: Mak\n+000008f0: 6520 6120 4752 5542 2072 6573 6375 6520 e a GRUB rescue \n+00000900: 696d 6167 650a 2a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 image.* Invoking\n+00000910: 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 743a 3a20 2020 grub-mount:: \n+00000920: 2020 2020 2020 4d6f 756e 7420 6120 6669 Mount a fi\n+00000930: 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7573 696e 6720 le system using \n+00000940: 4752 5542 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 GRUB.* Invoking \n+00000950: 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 3a3a 2020 2020 grub-probe:: \n+00000960: 2020 2020 2050 726f 6265 2064 6576 6963 Probe devic\n+00000970: 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 666f e information fo\n+00000980: 7220 4752 5542 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e r GRUB.* Invokin\n+00000990: 6720 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 742d 6368 g grub-script-ch\n+000009a0: 6563 6b3a 3a20 2043 6865 636b 2047 5255 eck:: Check GRU\n+000009b0: 4220 7363 7269 7074 2066 696c 6520 666f B script file fo\n+000009c0: 7220 7379 6e74 6178 2065 7272 6f72 730a r syntax errors.\n+000009d0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+000009e0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b fo, Node: Invok\n+000009f0: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ing grub-install\n+00000a00: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e , Next: Invokin\n+00000a10: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 672c g grub-mkconfig,\n+00000a20: 2020 5570 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 Up: User-space\n+00000a30: 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 0a0a 3234 2e31 utilities..24.1\n+00000a40: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 Invoking grub-i\n+00000a50: 6e73 7461 6c6c 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d nstall.=========\n 00000a60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00000a70: 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d ===..The program\n-00000a80: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ...grub-install\n-00000a90: e280 9920 6765 6e65 7261 7465 7320 6120 ... generates a \n-00000aa0: 4752 5542 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 GRUB core image \n-00000ab0: 7573 696e 670a e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b using....grub-mk\n-00000ac0: 696d 6167 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 2069 6e73 image... and ins\n-00000ad0: 7461 6c6c 7320 6974 206f 6e20 796f 7572 talls it on your\n-00000ae0: 2073 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 596f 7520 6d75 system. You mu\n-00000af0: 7374 2073 7065 6369 6679 2074 6865 0a64 st specify the.d\n-00000b00: 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6e20 7768 evice name on wh\n-00000b10: 6963 6820 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 ich you want to \n-00000b20: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2c20 6c69 install GRUB, li\n-00000b30: 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 ke this:.. g\n-00000b40: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 494e 5354 rub-install INST\n-00000b50: 414c 4c5f 4445 5649 4345 0a0a 2020 2054 ALL_DEVICE.. T\n-00000b60: 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2049 he device name I\n-00000b70: 4e53 5441 4c4c 5f44 4556 4943 4520 6973 NSTALL_DEVICE is\n-00000b80: 2061 6e20 4f53 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 an OS device na\n-00000b90: 6d65 206f 7220 6120 4752 5542 2064 6576 me or a GRUB dev\n-00000ba0: 6963 650a 6e61 6d65 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 ice.name... ..\n-00000bb0: 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 .grub-install...\n-00000bc0: 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c accepts the fol\n-00000bd0: 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a lowing options:.\n-00000be0: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 990a 2020 ....--help.... \n-00000bf0: 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 756d 6d61 Print a summa\n-00000c00: 7279 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e ry of the comman\n-00000c10: 642d 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 d-line options a\n-00000c20: 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 2d76 nd exit......--v\n-00000c30: 6572 7369 6f6e e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 ersion.... 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This r\n-00001120: 6564 756e 6461 6e63 7920 6d61 7920 6265 edundancy may be\n-00001130: 2063 756d 6265 7273 6f6d 6520 6966 2061 cumbersome if a\n-00001140: 7474 656d 7074 696e 6720 746f 0a20 2020 ttempting to. \n-00001150: 2020 6372 7970 746f 6772 6170 6869 6361 cryptographica\n-00001160: 6c6c 7920 7661 6c69 6461 7465 2074 6865 lly validate the\n-00001170: 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 contents of the\n-00001180: 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 656d 6265 bootloader embe\n-00001190: 6464 696e 670a 2020 2020 2061 7265 612c dding. area,\n-000011a0: 206f 7220 696e 206d 6f72 6520 6d6f 6465 or in more mode\n-000011b0: 726e 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2077 6974 6820 rn systems with \n-000011c0: 4750 542d 7374 796c 6520 7061 7274 6974 GPT-style partit\n-000011d0: 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6573 0a20 2020 2020 ion tables. \n-000011e0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 (*note BIOS inst\n-000011f0: 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 7768 6572 allation::) wher\n-00001200: 6520 4752 5542 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 e GRUB does not \n-00001210: 7265 7369 6465 2069 6e20 616e 790a 2020 reside in any. \n-00001220: 2020 2075 6e70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 6564 unpartitioned\n-00001230: 2073 7061 6365 206f 7574 7369 6465 206f space outside o\n-00001240: 6620 7468 6520 4d42 522e 2044 6973 6162 f the MBR. Disab\n-00001250: 6c65 2074 6865 2052 6565 642d 536f 6c6f le the Reed-Solo\n-00001260: 6d6f 6e0a 2020 2020 2063 6f64 6573 2077 mon. codes w\n-00001270: 6974 6820 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e2e ith this option.\n-00001280: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00001290: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f nfo, Node: Invo\n-000012a0: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 king grub-mkconf\n-000012b0: 6967 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b ig, Next: Invok\n-000012c0: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 ing grub-mkpassw\n-000012d0: 642d 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 2050 7265 763a d-pbkdf2, Prev:\n-000012e0: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 Invoking grub-i\n-000012f0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2c20 2055 703a 2055 7365 nstall, Up: Use\n-00001300: 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 r-space utilitie\n-00001310: 730a 0a32 342e 3220 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 s..24.2 Invoking\n-00001320: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 0a3d grub-mkconfig.=\n+00000a70: 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 =..The program .\n+00000a80: 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 ..grub-install..\n+00000a90: 9920 6765 6e65 7261 7465 7320 6120 4752 . generates a GR\n+00000aa0: 5542 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 7573 UB core image us\n+00000ab0: 696e 670a e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 696d ing....grub-mkim\n+00000ac0: 6167 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 2069 6e73 7461 age... and insta\n+00000ad0: 6c6c 7320 6974 206f 6e20 796f 7572 2073 lls it on your s\n+00000ae0: 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 596f 7520 6d75 7374 ystem. You must\n+00000af0: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2074 6865 0a64 6576 specify the.dev\n+00000b00: 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6e20 7768 6963 ice name on whic\n+00000b10: 6820 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 696e h you want to in\n+00000b20: 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2c20 6c69 6b65 stall GRUB, like\n+00000b30: 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 this:.. gru\n+00000b40: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 494e 5354 414c b-install INSTAL\n+00000b50: 4c5f 4445 5649 4345 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 L_DEVICE.. 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This red\n+00001120: 756e 6461 6e63 7920 6d61 7920 6265 2063 undancy may be c\n+00001130: 756d 6265 7273 6f6d 6520 6966 2061 7474 umbersome if att\n+00001140: 656d 7074 696e 6720 746f 0a20 2020 2020 empting to. \n+00001150: 6372 7970 746f 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c6c cryptographicall\n+00001160: 7920 7661 6c69 6461 7465 2074 6865 2063 y validate the c\n+00001170: 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2062 ontents of the b\n+00001180: 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 656d 6265 6464 ootloader embedd\n+00001190: 696e 670a 2020 2020 2061 7265 612c 206f ing. area, o\n+000011a0: 7220 696e 206d 6f72 6520 6d6f 6465 726e r in more modern\n+000011b0: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2077 6974 6820 4750 systems with GP\n+000011c0: 542d 7374 796c 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f T-style partitio\n+000011d0: 6e20 7461 626c 6573 0a20 2020 2020 282a n tables. (*\n+000011e0: 6e6f 7465 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 616c note BIOS instal\n+000011f0: 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 7768 6572 6520 lation::) where \n+00001200: 4752 5542 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 7265 GRUB does not re\n+00001210: 7369 6465 2069 6e20 616e 790a 2020 2020 side in any. \n+00001220: 2075 6e70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 6564 2073 unpartitioned s\n+00001230: 7061 6365 206f 7574 7369 6465 206f 6620 pace outside of \n+00001240: 7468 6520 4d42 522e 2044 6973 6162 6c65 the MBR. Disable\n+00001250: 2074 6865 2052 6565 642d 536f 6c6f 6d6f the Reed-Solomo\n+00001260: 6e0a 2020 2020 2063 6f64 6573 2077 6974 n. codes wit\n+00001270: 6820 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a h this option...\n+00001280: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00001290: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 o, Node: Invoki\n+000012a0: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ng grub-mkconfig\n+000012b0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e , Next: Invokin\n+000012c0: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d g grub-mkpasswd-\n+000012d0: 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 pbkdf2, Prev: I\n+000012e0: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 nvoking grub-ins\n+000012f0: 7461 6c6c 2c20 2055 703a 2055 7365 722d tall, Up: User-\n+00001300: 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 730a space utilities.\n+00001310: 0a32 342e 3220 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 .24.2 Invoking g\n+00001320: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 0a3d 3d3d rub-mkconfig.===\n 00001330: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00001340: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 ==========..The \n-00001350: 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d program ...grub-\n-00001360: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 6765 6e65 mkconfig... gene\n-00001370: 7261 7465 7320 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 rates a configur\n-00001380: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 2047 ation file for G\n-00001390: 5255 420a 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c RUB.(*note Simpl\n-000013a0: 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a e configuration:\n-000013b0: 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d :)... grub-m\n-000013c0: 6b63 6f6e 6669 6720 2d6f 202f 626f 6f74 kconfig -o /boot\n-000013d0: 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 0a0a /grub/grub.cfg..\n-000013e0: 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e ...grub-mkcon\n-000013f0: 6669 67e2 8099 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 fig... accepts t\n-00001400: 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 he following opt\n-00001410: 696f 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 ions:.....--help\n-00001420: e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 .... Print a\n-00001430: 2073 756d 6d61 7279 206f 6620 7468 6520 summary of the \n-00001440: 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 command-line opt\n-00001450: 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a ions and exit...\n-00001460: e280 982d 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e e280 990a ...--version....\n-00001470: 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 Print the v\n-00001480: 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 ersion number of\n-00001490: 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a GRUB and exit..\n-000014a0: 0ae2 8098 2d6f 2046 494c 45e2 8099 0ae2 ....-o FILE.....\n-000014b0: 8098 2d2d 6f75 7470 7574 3d46 494c 45e2 ..--output=FILE.\n-000014c0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6e64 2074 6865 ... Send the\n-000014d0: 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 generated confi\n-000014e0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 746f guration file to\n-000014f0: 2046 494c 452e 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 FILE. The defa\n-00001500: 756c 7420 6973 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2073 ult is to. s\n-00001510: 656e 6420 6974 2074 6f20 7374 616e 6461 end it to standa\n-00001520: 7264 206f 7574 7075 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 rd output.....Fi\n-00001530: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00001540: 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 Node: Invoking g\n-00001550: 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b rub-mkpasswd-pbk\n-00001560: 6466 322c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 766f df2, Next: Invo\n-00001570: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 king grub-mkrelp\n-00001580: 6174 682c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 766f ath, Prev: Invo\n-00001590: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 king grub-mkconf\n-000015a0: 6967 2c20 2055 703a 2055 7365 722d 7370 ig, Up: User-sp\n-000015b0: 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 730a 0a32 ace utilities..2\n-000015c0: 342e 3320 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 4.3 Invoking gru\n-000015d0: 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 b-mkpasswd-pbkdf\n-000015e0: 320a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 2.==============\n+00001340: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 ========..The pr\n+00001350: 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b ogram ...grub-mk\n+00001360: 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 6765 6e65 7261 config... genera\n+00001370: 7465 7320 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 tes a configurat\n+00001380: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 2047 5255 ion file for GRU\n+00001390: 420a 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c 6520 B.(*note Simple \n+000013a0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 configuration::)\n+000013b0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 ... grub-mkc\n+000013c0: 6f6e 6669 6720 2d6f 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 onfig -o /boot/g\n+000013d0: 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 0a0a 2020 rub/grub.cfg.. \n+000013e0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ...grub-mkconfi\n+000013f0: 67e2 8099 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 g... accepts the\n+00001400: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f following optio\n+00001410: 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 ns:.....--help..\n+00001420: 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 .. Print a s\n+00001430: 756d 6d61 7279 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f ummary of the co\n+00001440: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f mmand-line optio\n+00001450: 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 ns and exit.....\n+00001460: 982d 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e e280 990a 2020 .--version.... \n+00001470: 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 Print the ver\n+00001480: 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 sion number of G\n+00001490: 5255 4220 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 RUB and exit....\n+000014a0: 8098 2d6f 2046 494c 45e2 8099 0ae2 8098 ..-o FILE.......\n+000014b0: 2d2d 6f75 7470 7574 3d46 494c 45e2 8099 --output=FILE...\n+000014c0: 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6e64 2074 6865 2067 . Send the g\n+000014d0: 656e 6572 6174 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 enerated configu\n+000014e0: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 746f 2046 ration file to F\n+000014f0: 494c 452e 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c ILE. The defaul\n+00001500: 7420 6973 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2073 656e t is to. sen\n+00001510: 6420 6974 2074 6f20 7374 616e 6461 7264 d it to standard\n+00001520: 206f 7574 7075 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 output.....File\n+00001530: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00001540: 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 de: Invoking gru\n+00001550: 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 b-mkpasswd-pbkdf\n+00001560: 322c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 2, Next: Invoki\n+00001570: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 ng grub-mkrelpat\n+00001580: 682c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 h, Prev: Invoki\n+00001590: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ng grub-mkconfig\n+000015a0: 2c20 2055 703a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 , Up: User-spac\n+000015b0: 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 730a 0a32 342e e utilities..24.\n+000015c0: 3320 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 3 Invoking grub-\n+000015d0: 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 320a mkpasswd-pbkdf2.\n+000015e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 000015f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00001600: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 ====..The progra\n-00001610: 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 m ...grub-mkpass\n-00001620: 7764 2d70 626b 6466 32e2 8099 2067 656e wd-pbkdf2... gen\n-00001630: 6572 6174 6573 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 erates password \n-00001640: 6861 7368 6573 2066 6f72 2047 5255 420a hashes for GRUB.\n-00001650: 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 6974 793a (*note Security:\n-00001660: 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d :)... grub-m\n-00001670: 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 0a0a kpasswd-pbkdf2..\n-00001680: 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 ...grub-mkpas\n-00001690: 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 e280 9920 6163 swd-pbkdf2... ac\n-000016a0: 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 cepts the follow\n-000016b0: 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 ing options:....\n-000016c0: 982d 6320 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 990a e280 .-c NUMBER......\n-000016d0: 982d 2d69 7465 7261 7469 6f6e 2d63 6f75 .--iteration-cou\n-000016e0: 6e74 3d4e 554d 4245 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 nt=NUMBER.... \n-000016f0: 2020 4e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 6974 6572 Number of iter\n-00001700: 6174 696f 6e73 206f 6620 7468 6520 756e ations of the un\n-00001710: 6465 726c 7969 6e67 2070 7365 7564 6f2d derlying pseudo-\n-00001720: 7261 6e64 6f6d 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e2e random function.\n-00001730: 0a20 2020 2020 4465 6661 756c 7473 2074 . Defaults t\n-00001740: 6f20 3130 3030 302e 0a0a e280 982d 6c20 o 10000......-l \n-00001750: 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 990a e280 982d 2d62 NUMBER.......--b\n-00001760: 7566 6c65 6e3d 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 990a uflen=NUMBER....\n-00001770: 2020 2020 204c 656e 6774 6820 6f66 2074 Length of t\n-00001780: 6865 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2068 6173 he generated has\n-00001790: 682e 2020 4465 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f20 h. Defaults to \n-000017a0: 3634 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d73 204e 554d 4245 64......-s NUMBE\n-000017b0: 52e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7361 6c74 3d4e R.......--salt=N\n-000017c0: 554d 4245 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4c65 UMBER.... Le\n-000017d0: 6e67 7468 206f 6620 7468 6520 7361 6c74 ngth of the salt\n-000017e0: 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 7320 746f 2036 . Defaults to 6\n-000017f0: 342e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 4.....File: grub\n-00001800: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e .info, Node: In\n-00001810: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 voking grub-mkre\n-00001820: 6c70 6174 682c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e lpath, Next: In\n-00001830: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 voking grub-mkre\n-00001840: 7363 7565 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e76 scue, Prev: Inv\n-00001850: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 oking grub-mkpas\n-00001860: 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 2055 703a swd-pbkdf2, Up:\n-00001870: 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c User-space util\n-00001880: 6974 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3420 496e 766f ities..24.4 Invo\n-00001890: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 king grub-mkrelp\n-000018a0: 6174 680a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ath.============\n-000018b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000018c0: 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 ..The program ..\n-000018d0: 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 68e2 .grub-mkrelpath.\n-000018e0: 8099 206d 616b 6573 2061 2066 696c 6520 .. makes a file \n-000018f0: 7379 7374 656d 2070 6174 6820 7265 6c61 system path rela\n-00001900: 7469 7665 2074 6f20 7468 650a 726f 6f74 tive to the.root\n-00001910: 206f 6620 6974 7320 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 of its containi\n-00001920: 6e67 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2e20 ng file system. \n-00001930: 2046 6f72 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 652c 2069 For instance, i\n-00001940: 6620 e280 982f 7573 72e2 8099 2069 7320 f .../usr... is \n-00001950: 6120 6d6f 756e 740a 706f 696e 742c 2074 a mount.point, t\n-00001960: 6865 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 2067 7275 hen:.. $ gru\n-00001970: 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 6820 2f75 7372 b-mkrelpath /usr\n-00001980: 2f73 6861 7265 2f67 7275 622f 756e 6963 /share/grub/unic\n-00001990: 6f64 652e 7066 320a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 ode.pf2. ...\n-000019a0: 2f73 6861 7265 2f67 7275 622f 756e 6963 /share/grub/unic\n-000019b0: 6f64 652e 7066 32e2 8099 0a0a 2020 2054 ode.pf2..... T\n-000019c0: 6869 7320 6973 206d 6169 6e6c 7920 7573 his is mainly us\n-000019d0: 6564 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 6c6c 7920 6279 ed internally by\n-000019e0: 206f 7468 6572 2047 5255 4220 7574 696c other GRUB util\n-000019f0: 6974 6965 7320 7375 6368 2061 730a e280 ities such as...\n-00001a00: 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 .grub-mkconfig..\n-00001a10: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e . (*note Invokin\n-00001a20: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 673a g grub-mkconfig:\n-00001a30: 3a29 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 6f63 6361 :), but may occa\n-00001a40: 7369 6f6e 616c 6c79 0a61 6c73 6f20 6265 sionally.also be\n-00001a50: 2075 7365 6675 6c20 666f 7220 6465 6275 useful for debu\n-00001a60: 6767 696e 672e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 gging... ...gr\n-00001a70: 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 e280 9920 ub-mkrelpath... \n-00001a80: 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c accepts the foll\n-00001a90: 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a owing options:..\n-00001aa0: e280 982d 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 ...--help.... \n-00001ab0: 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 Print a summar\n-00001ac0: 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 y of the command\n-00001ad0: 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 616e -line options an\n-00001ae0: 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 d exit......--ve\n-00001af0: 7273 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 rsion.... Pr\n-00001b00: 696e 7420 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 int the version \n-00001b10: 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4752 5542 2061 number of GRUB a\n-00001b20: 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 nd exit.....File\n-00001b30: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00001b40: 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 de: Invoking gru\n-00001b50: 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 2c20 204e 6578 b-mkrescue, Nex\n-00001b60: 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 t: Invoking grub\n-00001b70: 2d6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 -mount, Prev: I\n-00001b80: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 nvoking grub-mkr\n-00001b90: 656c 7061 7468 2c20 2055 703a 2055 7365 elpath, Up: Use\n-00001ba0: 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 r-space utilitie\n-00001bb0: 730a 0a32 342e 3520 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 s..24.5 Invoking\n-00001bc0: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 0a3d grub-mkrescue.=\n+00001600: 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 ==..The program \n+00001610: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 ...grub-mkpasswd\n+00001620: 2d70 626b 6466 32e2 8099 2067 656e 6572 -pbkdf2... gener\n+00001630: 6174 6573 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6861 ates password ha\n+00001640: 7368 6573 2066 6f72 2047 5255 420a 282a shes for GRUB.(*\n+00001650: 6e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 6974 793a 3a29 note Security::)\n+00001660: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 ... grub-mkp\n+00001670: 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 0a0a 2020 asswd-pbkdf2.. \n+00001680: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 ...grub-mkpassw\n+00001690: 642d 7062 6b64 6632 e280 9920 6163 6365 d-pbkdf2... acce\n+000016a0: 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e pts the followin\n+000016b0: 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 982d g options:.....-\n+000016c0: 6320 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 990a e280 982d c NUMBER.......-\n+000016d0: 2d69 7465 7261 7469 6f6e 2d63 6f75 6e74 -iteration-count\n+000016e0: 3d4e 554d 4245 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 =NUMBER.... \n+000016f0: 4e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 6974 6572 6174 Number of iterat\n+00001700: 696f 6e73 206f 6620 7468 6520 756e 6465 ions of the unde\n+00001710: 726c 7969 6e67 2070 7365 7564 6f2d 7261 rlying pseudo-ra\n+00001720: 6e64 6f6d 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e2e 0a20 ndom function.. \n+00001730: 2020 2020 4465 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f20 Defaults to \n+00001740: 3130 3030 302e 0a0a e280 982d 6c20 4e55 10000......-l NU\n+00001750: 4d42 4552 e280 990a e280 982d 2d62 7566 MBER.......--buf\n+00001760: 6c65 6e3d 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 990a 2020 len=NUMBER.... \n+00001770: 2020 204c 656e 6774 6820 6f66 2074 6865 Length of the\n+00001780: 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2068 6173 682e generated hash.\n+00001790: 2020 4465 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f20 3634 Defaults to 64\n+000017a0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d73 204e 554d 4245 52e2 ......-s NUMBER.\n+000017b0: 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7361 6c74 3d4e 554d ......--salt=NUM\n+000017c0: 4245 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4c65 6e67 BER.... Leng\n+000017d0: 7468 206f 6620 7468 6520 7361 6c74 2e20 th of the salt. \n+000017e0: 2044 6566 6175 6c74 7320 746f 2036 342e Defaults to 64.\n+000017f0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00001800: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f nfo, Node: Invo\n+00001810: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 king grub-mkrelp\n+00001820: 6174 682c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 766f ath, Next: Invo\n+00001830: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 king grub-mkresc\n+00001840: 7565 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e76 6f6b ue, Prev: Invok\n+00001850: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 ing grub-mkpassw\n+00001860: 642d 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 2055 703a 2055 d-pbkdf2, Up: U\n+00001870: 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 ser-space utilit\n+00001880: 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3420 496e 766f 6b69 ies..24.4 Invoki\n+00001890: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 ng grub-mkrelpat\n+000018a0: 680a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d h.==============\n+000018b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n+000018c0: 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 9867 The program ...g\n+000018d0: 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 68e2 8099 rub-mkrelpath...\n+000018e0: 206d 616b 6573 2061 2066 696c 6520 7379 makes a file sy\n+000018f0: 7374 656d 2070 6174 6820 7265 6c61 7469 stem path relati\n+00001900: 7665 2074 6f20 7468 650a 726f 6f74 206f ve to the.root o\n+00001910: 6620 6974 7320 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 f its containing\n+00001920: 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2e20 2046 file system. F\n+00001930: 6f72 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 652c 2069 6620 or instance, if \n+00001940: e280 982f 7573 72e2 8099 2069 7320 6120 .../usr... is a \n+00001950: 6d6f 756e 740a 706f 696e 742c 2074 6865 mount.point, the\n+00001960: 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 2067 7275 622d n:.. $ grub-\n+00001970: 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 6820 2f75 7372 2f73 mkrelpath /usr/s\n+00001980: 6861 7265 2f67 7275 622f 756e 6963 6f64 hare/grub/unicod\n+00001990: 652e 7066 320a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2f73 e.pf2. .../s\n+000019a0: 6861 7265 2f67 7275 622f 756e 6963 6f64 hare/grub/unicod\n+000019b0: 652e 7066 32e2 8099 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 e.pf2..... Thi\n+000019c0: 7320 6973 206d 6169 6e6c 7920 7573 6564 s is mainly used\n+000019d0: 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 6c6c 7920 6279 206f internally by o\n+000019e0: 7468 6572 2047 5255 4220 7574 696c 6974 ther GRUB utilit\n+000019f0: 6965 7320 7375 6368 2061 730a e280 9867 ies such as....g\n+00001a00: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 rub-mkconfig... \n+00001a10: 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 (*note Invoking \n+00001a20: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 673a 3a29 grub-mkconfig::)\n+00001a30: 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 6f63 6361 7369 , but may occasi\n+00001a40: 6f6e 616c 6c79 0a61 6c73 6f20 6265 2075 onally.also be u\n+00001a50: 7365 6675 6c20 666f 7220 6465 6275 6767 seful for debugg\n+00001a60: 696e 672e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 ing... ...grub\n+00001a70: 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 e280 9920 6163 -mkrelpath... ac\n+00001a80: 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 cepts the follow\n+00001a90: 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 ing options:....\n+00001aa0: 982d 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 .--help.... \n+00001ab0: 5072 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 Print a summary \n+00001ac0: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c of the command-l\n+00001ad0: 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 ine options and \n+00001ae0: 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 exit......--vers\n+00001af0: 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e ion.... Prin\n+00001b00: 7420 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 t the version nu\n+00001b10: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4752 5542 2061 6e64 mber of GRUB and\n+00001b20: 2065 7869 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 exit.....File: \n+00001b30: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00001b40: 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d : Invoking grub-\n+00001b50: 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 2c20 204e 6578 743a mkrescue, Next:\n+00001b60: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d Invoking grub-m\n+00001b70: 6f75 6e74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e76 ount, Prev: Inv\n+00001b80: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c oking grub-mkrel\n+00001b90: 7061 7468 2c20 2055 703a 2055 7365 722d path, Up: User-\n+00001ba0: 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 730a space utilities.\n+00001bb0: 0a32 342e 3520 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 .24.5 Invoking g\n+00001bc0: 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 0a3d 3d3d rub-mkrescue.===\n 00001bd0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00001be0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 ==========..The \n-00001bf0: 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d program ...grub-\n-00001c00: 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 e280 9920 6765 6e65 mkrescue... gene\n-00001c10: 7261 7465 7320 6120 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 rates a bootable\n-00001c20: 2047 5255 4220 7265 7363 7565 2069 6d61 GRUB rescue ima\n-00001c30: 6765 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 4d61 6b69 6e67 ge.(*note Making\n-00001c40: 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 a GRUB bootable\n-00001c50: 2043 442d 524f 4d3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 CD-ROM::)... \n-00001c60: 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6520 grub-mkrescue \n-00001c70: 2d6f 2067 7275 622e 6973 6f0a 0a20 2020 -o grub.iso.. \n-00001c80: 416c 6c20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 6e6f All arguments no\n-00001c90: 7420 6578 706c 6963 6974 6c79 206c 6973 t explicitly lis\n-00001ca0: 7465 6420 6173 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d ted as ...grub-m\n-00001cb0: 6b72 6573 6375 65e2 8099 206f 7074 696f krescue... optio\n-00001cc0: 6e73 2061 7265 0a70 6173 7365 6420 6f6e ns are.passed on\n-00001cd0: 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 746f 20e2 8098 directly to ...\n-00001ce0: 786f 7272 6973 6fe2 8099 2069 6e20 e280 xorriso... in ..\n-00001cf0: 986d 6b69 736f 6673 e280 9920 656d 756c .mkisofs... emul\n-00001d00: 6174 696f 6e20 6d6f 6465 2e20 204f 7074 ation mode. Opt\n-00001d10: 696f 6e73 0a70 6173 7365 6420 746f 20e2 ions.passed to .\n-00001d20: 8098 786f 7272 6973 6fe2 8099 2077 696c ..xorriso... wil\n-00001d30: 6c20 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2062 6520 696e l normally be in\n-00001d40: 7465 7270 7265 7465 6420 6173 20e2 8098 terpreted as ...\n-00001d50: 6d6b 6973 6f66 73e2 8099 206f 7074 696f mkisofs... optio\n-00001d60: 6e73 3b0a 6966 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f ns;.if the optio\n-00001d70: 6e20 e280 982d 2de2 8099 2069 7320 7573 n ...--... is us\n-00001d80: 6564 2c20 7468 656e 2061 6e79 7468 696e ed, then anythin\n-00001d90: 6720 6166 7465 7220 7468 6174 2077 696c g after that wil\n-00001da0: 6c20 6265 2069 6e74 6572 7072 6574 6564 l be interpreted\n-00001db0: 0a61 7320 6e61 7469 7665 20e2 8098 786f .as native ...xo\n-00001dc0: 7272 6973 6fe2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e73 rriso... options\n-00001dd0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 6f6e ... Non-option\n-00001de0: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2073 7065 6369 arguments speci\n-00001df0: 6679 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 736f fy additional so\n-00001e00: 7572 6365 2064 6972 6563 746f 7269 6573 urce directories\n-00001e10: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 0a63 6f6d 6d6f . This is.commo\n-00001e20: 6e6c 7920 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6164 6420 nly used to add \n-00001e30: 6578 7472 6120 6669 6c65 7320 746f 2074 extra files to t\n-00001e40: 6865 2069 6d61 6765 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 he image:.. \n-00001e50: 6d6b 6469 7220 2d70 2064 6973 6b2f 626f mkdir -p disk/bo\n-00001e60: 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 2020 2020 2028 6164 ot/grub. (ad\n-00001e70: 6420 6578 7472 6120 6669 6c65 7320 746f d extra files to\n-00001e80: 20e2 8098 6469 736b 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 ...disk/boot/gr\n-00001e90: 7562 e280 9929 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 ub...). grub\n-00001ea0: 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6520 2d6f 2067 7275 -mkrescue -o gru\n-00001eb0: 622e 6973 6f20 6469 736b 0a0a 2020 20e2 b.iso disk.. .\n-00001ec0: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 65e2 ..grub-mkrescue.\n-00001ed0: 8099 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 .. accepts the f\n-00001ee0: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 ollowing options\n-00001ef0: 3a0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 990a :.....--help....\n-00001f00: 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 756d Print a sum\n-00001f10: 6d61 7279 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d mary of the comm\n-00001f20: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 and-line options\n-00001f30: 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d and exit......-\n-00001f40: 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e e280 990a 2020 2020 -version.... \n-00001f50: 2050 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 Print the versi\n-00001f60: 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 5255 on number of GRU\n-00001f70: 4220 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 B and exit......\n-00001f80: 2d6f 2046 494c 45e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d -o FILE.......--\n-00001f90: 6f75 7470 7574 3d46 494c 45e2 8099 0a20 output=FILE.... \n-00001fa0: 2020 2020 5361 7665 206f 7574 7075 7420 Save output \n-00001fb0: 696e 2046 494c 452e 2020 5468 6973 2022 in FILE. This \"\n-00001fc0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2220 6973 2072 6571 7569 option\" is requi\n-00001fd0: 7265 642e 0a0a e280 982d 2d6d 6f64 756c red......--modul\n-00001fe0: 6573 3d4d 4f44 554c 4553 e280 990a 2020 es=MODULES.... \n-00001ff0: 2020 2050 7265 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 Pre-load the \n-00002000: 6e61 6d65 6420 4752 5542 206d 6f64 756c named GRUB modul\n-00002010: 6573 2069 6e20 7468 6520 696d 6167 652e es in the image.\n-00002020: 2020 4d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2065 6e74 7269 Multiple entri\n-00002030: 6573 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 204d 4f44 554c es in. MODUL\n-00002040: 4553 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2073 6570 ES should be sep\n-00002050: 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 7768 6974 6573 arated by whites\n-00002060: 7061 6365 2028 736f 2079 6f75 2077 696c pace (so you wil\n-00002070: 6c20 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 l probably. \n-00002080: 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7175 6f74 6520 7468 need to quote th\n-00002090: 6973 2066 6f72 2079 6f75 7220 7368 656c is for your shel\n-000020a0: 6c29 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 726f 6d2d 6469 l)......--rom-di\n-000020b0: 7265 6374 6f72 793d 4449 52e2 8099 0a20 rectory=DIR.... \n-000020c0: 2020 2020 4966 2067 656e 6572 6174 696e If generatin\n-000020d0: 6720 696d 6167 6573 2066 6f72 2074 6865 g images for the\n-000020e0: 2051 454d 5520 6f72 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f QEMU or Coreboo\n-000020f0: 7420 706c 6174 666f 726d 732c 2063 6f70 t platforms, cop\n-00002100: 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 2072 6573 756c y the. resul\n-00002110: 7469 6e67 20e2 8098 7165 6d75 2e69 6d67 ting ...qemu.img\n-00002120: e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 636f 7265 626f ... or ...corebo\n-00002130: 6f74 2e65 6c66 e280 9920 6669 6c65 7320 ot.elf... files \n-00002140: 7265 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2074 6f20 respectively to \n-00002150: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2044 4952 2064 6972 the. DIR dir\n-00002160: 6563 746f 7279 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 ectory as well a\n-00002170: 7320 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 7468 656d s including them\n-00002180: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 696d 6167 652e 0a0a in the image...\n-00002190: e280 982d 2d78 6f72 7269 736f 3d46 494c ...--xorriso=FIL\n-000021a0: 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5573 6520 4649 E.... Use FI\n-000021b0: 4c45 2061 7320 7468 6520 e280 9878 6f72 LE as the ...xor\n-000021c0: 7269 736f e280 9920 7072 6f67 7261 6d2c riso... program,\n-000021d0: 2072 6174 6865 7220 7468 616e 2074 6865 rather than the\n-000021e0: 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 6e0a 2020 2020 2064 built-in. d\n-000021f0: 6566 6175 6c74 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6772 efault......--gr\n-00002200: 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 3d46 494c 45e2 ub-mkimage=FILE.\n-00002210: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5573 6520 4649 4c45 ... Use FILE\n-00002220: 2061 7320 7468 6520 e280 9867 7275 622d as the ...grub-\n-00002230: 6d6b 696d 6167 65e2 8099 2070 726f 6772 mkimage... progr\n-00002240: 616d 2c20 7261 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 am, rather than \n-00002250: 7468 6520 6275 696c 742d 696e 0a20 2020 the built-in. \n-00002260: 2020 6465 6661 756c 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 default.....Fi\n-00002270: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00002280: 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 Node: Invoking g\n-00002290: 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 4e65 7874 rub-mount, Next\n-000022a0: 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d : Invoking grub-\n-000022b0: 7072 6f62 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e probe, Prev: In\n-000022c0: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 voking grub-mkre\n-000022d0: 7363 7565 2c20 2055 703a 2055 7365 722d scue, Up: User-\n-000022e0: 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 730a space utilities.\n-000022f0: 0a32 342e 3620 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 .24.6 Invoking g\n-00002300: 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 740a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d rub-mount.======\n+00001be0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 ========..The pr\n+00001bf0: 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b ogram ...grub-mk\n+00001c00: 7265 7363 7565 e280 9920 6765 6e65 7261 rescue... genera\n+00001c10: 7465 7320 6120 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2047 tes a bootable G\n+00001c20: 5255 4220 7265 7363 7565 2069 6d61 6765 RUB rescue image\n+00001c30: 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 .(*note Making a\n+00001c40: 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 GRUB bootable C\n+00001c50: 442d 524f 4d3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 D-ROM::)... \n+00001c60: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6520 2d6f grub-mkrescue -o\n+00001c70: 2067 7275 622e 6973 6f0a 0a20 2020 416c grub.iso.. Al\n+00001c80: 6c20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 6e6f 7420 l arguments not \n+00001c90: 6578 706c 6963 6974 6c79 206c 6973 7465 explicitly liste\n+00001ca0: 6420 6173 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 d as ...grub-mkr\n+00001cb0: 6573 6375 65e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e73 escue... options\n+00001cc0: 2061 7265 0a70 6173 7365 6420 6f6e 2064 are.passed on d\n+00001cd0: 6972 6563 746c 7920 746f 20e2 8098 786f irectly to ...xo\n+00001ce0: 7272 6973 6fe2 8099 2069 6e20 e280 986d rriso... in ...m\n+00001cf0: 6b69 736f 6673 e280 9920 656d 756c 6174 kisofs... emulat\n+00001d00: 696f 6e20 6d6f 6465 2e20 204f 7074 696f ion mode. Optio\n+00001d10: 6e73 0a70 6173 7365 6420 746f 20e2 8098 ns.passed to ...\n+00001d20: 786f 7272 6973 6fe2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 xorriso... will \n+00001d30: 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2062 6520 696e 7465 normally be inte\n+00001d40: 7270 7265 7465 6420 6173 20e2 8098 6d6b rpreted as ...mk\n+00001d50: 6973 6f66 73e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e73 isofs... options\n+00001d60: 3b0a 6966 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 ;.if the option \n+00001d70: e280 982d 2de2 8099 2069 7320 7573 6564 ...--... is used\n+00001d80: 2c20 7468 656e 2061 6e79 7468 696e 6720 , then anything \n+00001d90: 6166 7465 7220 7468 6174 2077 696c 6c20 after that will \n+00001da0: 6265 2069 6e74 6572 7072 6574 6564 0a61 be interpreted.a\n+00001db0: 7320 6e61 7469 7665 20e2 8098 786f 7272 s native ...xorr\n+00001dc0: 6973 6fe2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2e0a iso... options..\n+00001dd0: 0a20 2020 4e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 6f6e 2061 . Non-option a\n+00001de0: 7267 756d 656e 7473 2073 7065 6369 6679 rguments specify\n+00001df0: 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 736f 7572 additional sour\n+00001e00: 6365 2064 6972 6563 746f 7269 6573 2e20 ce directories. \n+00001e10: 2054 6869 7320 6973 0a63 6f6d 6d6f 6e6c This is.commonl\n+00001e20: 7920 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6164 6420 6578 y used to add ex\n+00001e30: 7472 6120 6669 6c65 7320 746f 2074 6865 tra files to the\n+00001e40: 2069 6d61 6765 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6d6b image:.. mk\n+00001e50: 6469 7220 2d70 2064 6973 6b2f 626f 6f74 dir -p disk/boot\n+00001e60: 2f67 7275 620a 2020 2020 2028 6164 6420 /grub. (add \n+00001e70: 6578 7472 6120 6669 6c65 7320 746f 20e2 extra files to .\n+00001e80: 8098 6469 736b 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 ..disk/boot/grub\n+00001e90: e280 9929 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d ...). grub-m\n+00001ea0: 6b72 6573 6375 6520 2d6f 2067 7275 622e krescue -o grub.\n+00001eb0: 6973 6f20 6469 736b 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 iso disk.. ...\n+00001ec0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 65e2 8099 grub-mkrescue...\n+00001ed0: 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c accepts the fol\n+00001ee0: 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a lowing options:.\n+00001ef0: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 990a 2020 ....--help.... \n+00001f00: 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 756d 6d61 Print a summa\n+00001f10: 7279 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e ry of the comman\n+00001f20: 642d 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 d-line options a\n+00001f30: 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 2d76 nd exit......--v\n+00001f40: 6572 7369 6f6e e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 ersion.... P\n+00001f50: 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e rint the version\n+00001f60: 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 number of GRUB \n+00001f70: 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d6f and exit......-o\n+00001f80: 2046 494c 45e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6f75 FILE.......--ou\n+00001f90: 7470 7574 3d46 494c 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 tput=FILE.... \n+00001fa0: 2020 5361 7665 206f 7574 7075 7420 696e Save output in\n+00001fb0: 2046 494c 452e 2020 5468 6973 2022 6f70 FILE. This \"op\n+00001fc0: 7469 6f6e 2220 6973 2072 6571 7569 7265 tion\" is require\n+00001fd0: 642e 0a0a e280 982d 2d6d 6f64 756c 6573 d......--modules\n+00001fe0: 3d4d 4f44 554c 4553 e280 990a 2020 2020 =MODULES.... \n+00001ff0: 2050 7265 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6e61 Pre-load the na\n+00002000: 6d65 6420 4752 5542 206d 6f64 756c 6573 med GRUB modules\n+00002010: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 696d 6167 652e 2020 in the image. \n+00002020: 4d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2065 6e74 7269 6573 Multiple entries\n+00002030: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 204d 4f44 554c 4553 in. MODULES\n+00002040: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2073 6570 6172 should be separ\n+00002050: 6174 6564 2062 7920 7768 6974 6573 7061 ated by whitespa\n+00002060: 6365 2028 736f 2079 6f75 2077 696c 6c20 ce (so you will \n+00002070: 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 6e65 probably. ne\n+00002080: 6564 2074 6f20 7175 6f74 6520 7468 6973 ed to quote this\n+00002090: 2066 6f72 2079 6f75 7220 7368 656c 6c29 for your shell)\n+000020a0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 726f 6d2d 6469 7265 ......--rom-dire\n+000020b0: 6374 6f72 793d 4449 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 ctory=DIR.... \n+000020c0: 2020 4966 2067 656e 6572 6174 696e 6720 If generating \n+000020d0: 696d 6167 6573 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2051 images for the Q\n+000020e0: 454d 5520 6f72 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 EMU or Coreboot \n+000020f0: 706c 6174 666f 726d 732c 2063 6f70 7920 platforms, copy \n+00002100: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2072 6573 756c 7469 the. resulti\n+00002110: 6e67 20e2 8098 7165 6d75 2e69 6d67 e280 ng ...qemu.img..\n+00002120: 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 636f 7265 626f 6f74 . or ...coreboot\n+00002130: 2e65 6c66 e280 9920 6669 6c65 7320 7265 .elf... files re\n+00002140: 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2074 6f20 7468 spectively to th\n+00002150: 650a 2020 2020 2044 4952 2064 6972 6563 e. DIR direc\n+00002160: 746f 7279 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 tory as well as \n+00002170: 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 7468 656d 2069 including them i\n+00002180: 6e20 7468 6520 696d 6167 652e 0a0a e280 n the image.....\n+00002190: 982d 2d78 6f72 7269 736f 3d46 494c 45e2 .--xorriso=FILE.\n+000021a0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5573 6520 4649 4c45 ... Use FILE\n+000021b0: 2061 7320 7468 6520 e280 9878 6f72 7269 as the ...xorri\n+000021c0: 736f e280 9920 7072 6f67 7261 6d2c 2072 so... program, r\n+000021d0: 6174 6865 7220 7468 616e 2074 6865 2062 ather than the b\n+000021e0: 7569 6c74 2d69 6e0a 2020 2020 2064 6566 uilt-in. def\n+000021f0: 6175 6c74 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6772 7562 ault......--grub\n+00002200: 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 3d46 494c 45e2 8099 -mkimage=FILE...\n+00002210: 0a20 2020 2020 5573 6520 4649 4c45 2061 . Use FILE a\n+00002220: 7320 7468 6520 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b s the ...grub-mk\n+00002230: 696d 6167 65e2 8099 2070 726f 6772 616d image... program\n+00002240: 2c20 7261 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7468 , rather than th\n+00002250: 6520 6275 696c 742d 696e 0a20 2020 2020 e built-in. \n+00002260: 6465 6661 756c 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 default.....File\n+00002270: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00002280: 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 de: Invoking gru\n+00002290: 622d 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 b-mount, Next: \n+000022a0: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7072 Invoking grub-pr\n+000022b0: 6f62 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 766f obe, Prev: Invo\n+000022c0: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 king grub-mkresc\n+000022d0: 7565 2c20 2055 703a 2055 7365 722d 7370 ue, Up: User-sp\n+000022e0: 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 730a 0a32 ace utilities..2\n+000022f0: 342e 3620 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 4.6 Invoking gru\n+00002300: 622d 6d6f 756e 740a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d b-mount.========\n 00002310: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00002320: 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 ==..The program \n-00002330: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 74e2 8099 ...grub-mount...\n-00002340: 2070 6572 666f 726d 7320 6120 7265 6164 performs a read\n-00002350: 2d6f 6e6c 7920 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 2061 -only mount of a\n-00002360: 6e79 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 0a6f ny file system.o\n-00002370: 7220 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 696d r file system im\n-00002380: 6167 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 756e age that GRUB un\n-00002390: 6465 7273 7461 6e64 732c 2075 7369 6e67 derstands, using\n-000023a0: 2047 5255 4227 7320 6669 6c65 2073 7973 GRUB's file sys\n-000023b0: 7465 6d0a 6472 6976 6572 7320 7669 6120 tem.drivers via \n-000023c0: 4655 5345 2e20 2849 7420 6973 206f 6e6c FUSE. (It is onl\n-000023d0: 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6966 2046 y available if F\n-000023e0: 5553 4520 6465 7665 6c6f 706d 656e 7420 USE development \n-000023f0: 6669 6c65 7320 7765 7265 0a70 7265 7365 files were.prese\n-00002400: 6e74 2077 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2077 6173 nt when GRUB was\n-00002410: 2062 7569 6c74 2e29 2020 5468 6973 2068 built.) This h\n-00002420: 6173 2061 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2075 as a number of u\n-00002430: 7365 733a 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2049 7420 ses:.. ... It \n-00002440: 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2061 2063 6f6e 7665 provides a conve\n-00002450: 6e69 656e 7420 7761 7920 746f 2063 6865 nient way to che\n-00002460: 636b 2068 6f77 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c ck how GRUB will\n-00002470: 2076 6965 7720 6120 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 view a file. \n-00002480: 2020 7379 7374 656d 2061 7420 626f 6f74 system at boot\n-00002490: 2074 696d 652e 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 time. You can \n-000024a0: 7573 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 use normal comma\n-000024b0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 746f 6f6c 7320 746f nd-line tools to\n-000024c0: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d70 6172 6520 7468 . compare th\n-000024d0: 6174 2076 6965 7720 7769 7468 2074 6861 at view with tha\n-000024e0: 7420 6f66 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 6572 6174 t of your operat\n-000024f0: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2c20 6d61 6b69 ing system, maki\n-00002500: 6e67 2069 740a 2020 2020 2065 6173 7920 ng it. easy \n-00002510: 746f 2066 696e 6420 6275 6773 2e0a 0a20 to find bugs... \n-00002520: 2020 e280 a220 4974 206f 6666 6572 7320 ... It offers \n-00002530: 7472 7565 2072 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 206d true read-only m\n-00002540: 6f75 6e74 732e 2020 4c69 6e75 7820 646f ounts. Linux do\n-00002550: 6573 206e 6f74 2068 6176 6520 7468 6573 es not have thes\n-00002560: 6520 666f 720a 2020 2020 206a 6f75 726e e for. journ\n-00002570: 616c 6c69 6e67 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 alling file syst\n-00002580: 656d 732c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2069 7420 ems, because it \n-00002590: 7769 6c6c 2061 6c77 6179 7320 6174 7465 will always atte\n-000025a0: 6d70 7420 746f 2072 6570 6c61 790a 2020 mpt to replay. \n-000025b0: 2020 2074 6865 206a 6f75 726e 616c 2061 the journal a\n-000025c0: 7420 6d6f 756e 7420 7469 6d65 3b20 7768 t mount time; wh\n-000025d0: 696c 6520 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7465 6d70 ile you can temp\n-000025e0: 6f72 6172 696c 7920 6d61 726b 2074 6865 orarily mark the\n-000025f0: 2062 6c6f 636b 0a20 2020 2020 6465 7669 block. devi\n-00002600: 6365 2072 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2074 6f20 ce read-only to \n-00002610: 6176 6f69 6420 7468 6973 2c20 7468 6174 avoid this, that\n-00002620: 2063 6175 7365 7320 7468 6520 6d6f 756e causes the moun\n-00002630: 7420 746f 2066 6169 6c2e 0a20 2020 2020 t to fail.. \n-00002640: 5369 6e63 6520 4752 5542 2069 6e74 656e Since GRUB inten\n-00002650: 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2063 6f6e 7461 696e tionally contain\n-00002660: 7320 6e6f 2063 6f64 6520 666f 7220 7772 s no code for wr\n-00002670: 6974 696e 6720 746f 2066 696c 650a 2020 iting to file. \n-00002680: 2020 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 6974 2063 systems, it c\n-00002690: 616e 2065 6173 696c 7920 7072 6f76 6964 an easily provid\n-000026a0: 6520 6120 6775 6172 616e 7465 6564 2072 e a guaranteed r\n-000026b0: 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 206d 6f75 6e74 0a20 ead-only mount. \n-000026c0: 2020 2020 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d2e 0a0a mechanism...\n-000026d0: 2020 20e2 80a2 2049 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 ... It allows\n-000026e0: 2079 6f75 2074 6f20 6578 616d 696e 6520 you to examine \n-000026f0: 616e 7920 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 any file system \n-00002700: 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 756e 6465 7273 that GRUB unders\n-00002710: 7461 6e64 730a 2020 2020 2077 6974 686f tands. witho\n-00002720: 7574 206e 6565 6469 6e67 2074 6f20 6c6f ut needing to lo\n-00002730: 6164 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 6d6f ad additional mo\n-00002740: 6475 6c65 7320 696e 746f 2079 6f75 7220 dules into your \n-00002750: 7275 6e6e 696e 670a 2020 2020 206b 6572 running. ker\n-00002760: 6e65 6c2c 2077 6869 6368 206d 6179 2062 nel, which may b\n-00002770: 6520 7573 6566 756c 2069 6e20 636f 6e73 e useful in cons\n-00002780: 7472 6169 6e65 6420 656e 7669 726f 6e6d trained environm\n-00002790: 656e 7473 2073 7563 6820 6173 0a20 2020 ents such as. \n-000027a0: 2020 696e 7374 616c 6c65 7273 2e0a 0a20 installers... \n-000027b0: 2020 e280 a220 5369 6e63 6520 6974 2063 ... Since it c\n-000027c0: 616e 2065 7861 6d69 6e65 2066 696c 6520 an examine file \n-000027d0: 7379 7374 656d 2069 6d61 6765 7320 2863 system images (c\n-000027e0: 6f6e 7461 696e 6564 2069 6e20 7265 6775 ontained in regu\n-000027f0: 6c61 720a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 2920 lar. files) \n-00002800: 6a75 7374 2061 7320 6561 7369 6c79 2061 just as easily a\n-00002810: 7320 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d73 206f s file systems o\n-00002820: 6e20 626c 6f63 6b20 6465 7669 6365 732c n block devices,\n-00002830: 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2075 7365 0a20 2020 you can use. \n-00002840: 2020 6974 2074 6f20 696e 7370 6563 7420 it to inspect \n-00002850: 616e 7920 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 any file system \n-00002860: 696d 6167 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 image that GRUB \n-00002870: 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 7320 7769 7468 understands with\n-00002880: 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 2065 6e6f 7567 only. enoug\n-00002890: 6820 7072 6976 696c 6567 6573 2074 6f20 h privileges to \n-000028a0: 7573 6520 4655 5345 2c20 6576 656e 2069 use FUSE, even i\n-000028b0: 6620 6e6f 626f 6479 2068 6173 2079 6574 f nobody has yet\n-000028c0: 2077 7269 7474 656e 2061 0a20 2020 2020 written a. \n-000028d0: 4655 5345 206d 6f64 756c 6520 7370 6563 FUSE module spec\n-000028e0: 6966 6963 616c 6c79 2066 6f72 2074 6861 ifically for tha\n-000028f0: 7420 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7479 t file system ty\n-00002900: 7065 2e0a 0a20 2020 5573 696e 6720 e280 pe... Using ..\n-00002910: 9867 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 74e2 8099 2069 .grub-mount... i\n-00002920: 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2061 7320 7369 s normally as si\n-00002930: 6d70 6c65 2061 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 mple as:.. g\n-00002940: 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 7420 2f64 6576 2f73 rub-mount /dev/s\n-00002950: 6461 3120 2f6d 6e74 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 da1 /mnt.. ...\n-00002960: 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 e280 9920 6d75 grub-mount... mu\n-00002970: 7374 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6f6e 6520 st be given one \n-00002980: 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6573 2061 or more images a\n-00002990: 6e64 2061 206d 6f75 6e74 2070 6f69 6e74 nd a mount point\n-000029a0: 2061 730a 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 6f6e 2061 as.non-option a\n-000029b0: 7267 756d 656e 7473 2028 6966 2069 7420 rguments (if it \n-000029c0: 6973 2067 6976 656e 206d 6f72 6520 7468 is given more th\n-000029d0: 616e 206f 6e65 2069 6d61 6765 2c20 6974 an one image, it\n-000029e0: 2077 696c 6c20 7472 6561 740a 7468 656d will treat.them\n-000029f0: 2061 7320 6120 5241 4944 2073 6574 292c as a RAID set),\n-00002a00: 2061 6e64 2061 6c73 6f20 6163 6365 7074 and also accept\n-00002a10: 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 s the following \n-00002a20: 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 982d 2d68 options:.....--h\n-00002a30: 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e elp.... Prin\n-00002a40: 7420 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f66 2074 t a summary of t\n-00002a50: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 he command-line \n-00002a60: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 6578 6974 options and exit\n-00002a70: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 696f 6ee2 ......--version.\n-00002a80: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 7468 ... Print th\n-00002a90: 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 e version number\n-00002aa0: 206f 6620 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2065 7869 of GRUB and exi\n-00002ab0: 742e 0a0a e280 982d 43e2 8099 0ae2 8098 t......-C.......\n-00002ac0: 2d2d 6372 7970 746f e280 990a 2020 2020 --crypto.... \n-00002ad0: 204d 6f75 6e74 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 Mount encrypted\n-00002ae0: 2064 6576 6963 6573 2c20 7072 6f6d 7074 devices, prompt\n-00002af0: 696e 6720 666f 7220 6120 7061 7373 7068 ing for a passph\n-00002b00: 7261 7365 2069 6620 6e65 6365 7373 6172 rase if necessar\n-00002b10: 792e 0a0a e280 982d 6420 5354 5249 4e47 y......-d STRING\n-00002b20: e280 990a e280 982d 2d64 6562 7567 3d53 .......--debug=S\n-00002b30: 5452 494e 47e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5368 TRING.... Sh\n-00002b40: 6f77 2064 6562 7567 6769 6e67 206f 7574 ow debugging out\n-00002b50: 7075 7420 666f 7220 636f 6e64 6974 696f put for conditio\n-00002b60: 6e73 206d 6174 6368 696e 6720 5354 5249 ns matching STRI\n-00002b70: 4e47 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d4b 2070 726f 6d70 NG......-K promp\n-00002b80: 747c 4649 4c45 e280 990a e280 982d 2d7a t|FILE.......--z\n-00002b90: 6673 2d6b 6579 3d70 726f 6d70 747c 4649 fs-key=prompt|FI\n-00002ba0: 4c45 e280 990a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 LE.... Load \n-00002bb0: 6120 5a46 5320 656e 6372 7970 7469 6f6e a ZFS encryption\n-00002bc0: 206b 6579 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 7573 key. If you us\n-00002bd0: 6520 e280 9870 726f 6d70 74e2 8099 2061 e ...prompt... a\n-00002be0: 7320 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2c0a s the argument,.\n-00002bf0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 ...grub-mou\n-00002c00: 6e74 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2072 6561 6420 nt... will read \n-00002c10: 6120 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 2066 726f a passphrase fro\n-00002c20: 6d20 7468 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 3b20 m the terminal; \n-00002c30: 6f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 0a20 2020 2020 otherwise,. \n-00002c40: 6974 2077 696c 6c20 7265 6164 206b 6579 it will read key\n-00002c50: 206d 6174 6572 6961 6c20 6672 6f6d 2074 material from t\n-00002c60: 6865 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2066 696c he specified fil\n-00002c70: 652e 0a0a e280 982d 7220 4445 5649 4345 e......-r DEVICE\n-00002c80: e280 990a e280 982d 2d72 6f6f 743d 4445 .......--root=DE\n-00002c90: 5649 4345 e280 990a 2020 2020 2053 6574 VICE.... Set\n-00002ca0: 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 726f 6f74 2064 the GRUB root d\n-00002cb0: 6576 6963 6520 746f 2044 4556 4943 452e evice to DEVICE.\n-00002cc0: 2020 596f 7520 646f 206e 6f74 206e 6f72 You do not nor\n-00002cd0: 6d61 6c6c 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 mally need to. \n-00002ce0: 2020 2073 6574 2074 6869 733b 20e2 8098 set this; ...\n-00002cf0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 e280 9920 7769 grub-mount... wi\n-00002d00: 6c6c 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 ll automatically\n-00002d10: 2073 6574 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 set the root de\n-00002d20: 7669 6365 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 vice to. the\n-00002d30: 2072 6f6f 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2073 7570 root of the sup\n-00002d40: 706c 6965 6420 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 plied file syste\n-00002d50: 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 4445 5649 m... If DEVI\n-00002d60: 4345 2069 7320 6a75 7374 2061 206e 756d CE is just a num\n-00002d70: 6265 722c 2074 6865 6e20 6974 2077 696c ber, then it wil\n-00002d80: 6c20 6265 2074 7265 6174 6564 2061 7320 l be treated as \n-00002d90: 6120 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 a partition. \n-00002da0: 206e 756d 6265 7220 7769 7468 696e 2074 number within t\n-00002db0: 6865 2073 7570 706c 6965 6420 696d 6167 he supplied imag\n-00002dc0: 652e 2020 5468 6973 206d 6561 6e73 2074 e. This means t\n-00002dd0: 6861 742c 2069 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 hat, if you have\n-00002de0: 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2069 6d61 6765 206f an. image o\n-00002df0: 6620 616e 2065 6e74 6972 6520 6469 736b f an entire disk\n-00002e00: 2069 6e20 e280 9864 6973 6b2e 696d 67e2 in ...disk.img.\n-00002e10: 8099 2c20 7468 656e 2079 6f75 2063 616e .., then you can\n-00002e20: 2075 7365 2074 6869 730a 2020 2020 2063 use this. c\n-00002e30: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6f20 6d6f 756e 7420 ommand to mount \n-00002e40: 6974 7320 7365 636f 6e64 2070 6172 7469 its second parti\n-00002e50: 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 tion:.. \n-00002e60: 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 7420 2d72 2032 grub-mount -r 2\n-00002e70: 2064 6973 6b2e 696d 6720 6d6f 756e 742d disk.img mount-\n-00002e80: 706f 696e 740a 0ae2 8098 2d76 e280 990a point.....-v....\n-00002e90: e280 982d 2d76 6572 626f 7365 e280 990a ...--verbose....\n-00002ea0: 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2076 6572 626f Print verbo\n-00002eb0: 7365 206d 6573 7361 6765 732e 0a0a 1f0a se messages.....\n-00002ec0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00002ed0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 Node: Invoking\n-00002ee0: 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 652c 2020 4e65 grub-probe, Ne\n-00002ef0: 7874 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 xt: Invoking gru\n-00002f00: 622d 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 2c20 b-script-check, \n-00002f10: 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 Prev: Invoking \n-00002f20: 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 2055 703a grub-mount, Up:\n-00002f30: 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c User-space util\n-00002f40: 6974 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3720 496e 766f ities..24.7 Invo\n-00002f50: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 650a king grub-probe.\n+00002320: 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 ..The program ..\n+00002330: 9867 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 74e2 8099 2070 .grub-mount... p\n+00002340: 6572 666f 726d 7320 6120 7265 6164 2d6f erforms a read-o\n+00002350: 6e6c 7920 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 2061 6e79 nly mount of any\n+00002360: 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 0a6f 7220 file system.or \n+00002370: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 696d 6167 file system imag\n+00002380: 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 756e 6465 e that GRUB unde\n+00002390: 7273 7461 6e64 732c 2075 7369 6e67 2047 rstands, using G\n+000023a0: 5255 4227 7320 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 RUB's file syste\n+000023b0: 6d0a 6472 6976 6572 7320 7669 6120 4655 m.drivers via FU\n+000023c0: 5345 2e20 2849 7420 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 SE. (It is only \n+000023d0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6966 2046 5553 available if FUS\n+000023e0: 4520 6465 7665 6c6f 706d 656e 7420 6669 E development fi\n+000023f0: 6c65 7320 7765 7265 0a70 7265 7365 6e74 les were.present\n+00002400: 2077 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2077 6173 2062 when GRUB was b\n+00002410: 7569 6c74 2e29 2020 5468 6973 2068 6173 uilt.) This has\n+00002420: 2061 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2075 7365 a number of use\n+00002430: 733a 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2049 7420 7072 s:.. ... It pr\n+00002440: 6f76 6964 6573 2061 2063 6f6e 7665 6e69 ovides a conveni\n+00002450: 656e 7420 7761 7920 746f 2063 6865 636b ent way to check\n+00002460: 2068 6f77 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2076 how GRUB will v\n+00002470: 6965 7720 6120 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 iew a file. \n+00002480: 7379 7374 656d 2061 7420 626f 6f74 2074 system at boot t\n+00002490: 696d 652e 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 ime. You can us\n+000024a0: 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 e normal command\n+000024b0: 2d6c 696e 6520 746f 6f6c 7320 746f 0a20 -line tools to. \n+000024c0: 2020 2020 636f 6d70 6172 6520 7468 6174 compare that\n+000024d0: 2076 6965 7720 7769 7468 2074 6861 7420 view with that \n+000024e0: 6f66 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e of your operatin\n+000024f0: 6720 7379 7374 656d 2c20 6d61 6b69 6e67 g system, making\n+00002500: 2069 740a 2020 2020 2065 6173 7920 746f it. easy to\n+00002510: 2066 696e 6420 6275 6773 2e0a 0a20 2020 find bugs... \n+00002520: e280 a220 4974 206f 6666 6572 7320 7472 ... It offers tr\n+00002530: 7565 2072 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 206d 6f75 ue read-only mou\n+00002540: 6e74 732e 2020 4c69 6e75 7820 646f 6573 nts. Linux does\n+00002550: 206e 6f74 2068 6176 6520 7468 6573 6520 not have these \n+00002560: 666f 720a 2020 2020 206a 6f75 726e 616c for. journal\n+00002570: 6c69 6e67 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d ling file system\n+00002580: 732c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2069 7420 7769 s, because it wi\n+00002590: 6c6c 2061 6c77 6179 7320 6174 7465 6d70 ll always attemp\n+000025a0: 7420 746f 2072 6570 6c61 790a 2020 2020 t to replay. \n+000025b0: 2074 6865 206a 6f75 726e 616c 2061 7420 the journal at \n+000025c0: 6d6f 756e 7420 7469 6d65 3b20 7768 696c mount time; whil\n+000025d0: 6520 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7465 6d70 6f72 e you can tempor\n+000025e0: 6172 696c 7920 6d61 726b 2074 6865 2062 arily mark the b\n+000025f0: 6c6f 636b 0a20 2020 2020 6465 7669 6365 lock. device\n+00002600: 2072 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2074 6f20 6176 read-only to av\n+00002610: 6f69 6420 7468 6973 2c20 7468 6174 2063 oid this, that c\n+00002620: 6175 7365 7320 7468 6520 6d6f 756e 7420 auses the mount \n+00002630: 746f 2066 6169 6c2e 0a20 2020 2020 5369 to fail.. Si\n+00002640: 6e63 6520 4752 5542 2069 6e74 656e 7469 nce GRUB intenti\n+00002650: 6f6e 616c 6c79 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 onally contains \n+00002660: 6e6f 2063 6f64 6520 666f 7220 7772 6974 no code for writ\n+00002670: 696e 6720 746f 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 ing to file. \n+00002680: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 6974 2063 616e systems, it can\n+00002690: 2065 6173 696c 7920 7072 6f76 6964 6520 easily provide \n+000026a0: 6120 6775 6172 616e 7465 6564 2072 6561 a guaranteed rea\n+000026b0: 642d 6f6e 6c79 206d 6f75 6e74 0a20 2020 d-only mount. \n+000026c0: 2020 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d2e 0a0a 2020 mechanism... \n+000026d0: 20e2 80a2 2049 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 2079 ... It allows y\n+000026e0: 6f75 2074 6f20 6578 616d 696e 6520 616e ou to examine an\n+000026f0: 7920 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7468 y file system th\n+00002700: 6174 2047 5255 4220 756e 6465 7273 7461 at GRUB understa\n+00002710: 6e64 730a 2020 2020 2077 6974 686f 7574 nds. without\n+00002720: 206e 6565 6469 6e67 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 needing to load\n+00002730: 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 6d6f 6475 additional modu\n+00002740: 6c65 7320 696e 746f 2079 6f75 7220 7275 les into your ru\n+00002750: 6e6e 696e 670a 2020 2020 206b 6572 6e65 nning. kerne\n+00002760: 6c2c 2077 6869 6368 206d 6179 2062 6520 l, which may be \n+00002770: 7573 6566 756c 2069 6e20 636f 6e73 7472 useful in constr\n+00002780: 6169 6e65 6420 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ained environmen\n+00002790: 7473 2073 7563 6820 6173 0a20 2020 2020 ts such as. \n+000027a0: 696e 7374 616c 6c65 7273 2e0a 0a20 2020 installers... \n+000027b0: e280 a220 5369 6e63 6520 6974 2063 616e ... Since it can\n+000027c0: 2065 7861 6d69 6e65 2066 696c 6520 7379 examine file sy\n+000027d0: 7374 656d 2069 6d61 6765 7320 2863 6f6e stem images (con\n+000027e0: 7461 696e 6564 2069 6e20 7265 6775 6c61 tained in regula\n+000027f0: 720a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 2920 6a75 r. files) ju\n+00002800: 7374 2061 7320 6561 7369 6c79 2061 7320 st as easily as \n+00002810: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d73 206f 6e20 file systems on \n+00002820: 626c 6f63 6b20 6465 7669 6365 732c 2079 block devices, y\n+00002830: 6f75 2063 616e 2075 7365 0a20 2020 2020 ou can use. \n+00002840: 6974 2074 6f20 696e 7370 6563 7420 616e it to inspect an\n+00002850: 7920 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 696d y file system im\n+00002860: 6167 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 756e age that GRUB un\n+00002870: 6465 7273 7461 6e64 7320 7769 7468 206f derstands with o\n+00002880: 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 2065 6e6f 7567 6820 nly. enough \n+00002890: 7072 6976 696c 6567 6573 2074 6f20 7573 privileges to us\n+000028a0: 6520 4655 5345 2c20 6576 656e 2069 6620 e FUSE, even if \n+000028b0: 6e6f 626f 6479 2068 6173 2079 6574 2077 nobody has yet w\n+000028c0: 7269 7474 656e 2061 0a20 2020 2020 4655 ritten a. FU\n+000028d0: 5345 206d 6f64 756c 6520 7370 6563 6966 SE module specif\n+000028e0: 6963 616c 6c79 2066 6f72 2074 6861 7420 ically for that \n+000028f0: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7479 7065 file system type\n+00002900: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5573 696e 6720 e280 9867 ... Using ...g\n+00002910: 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 74e2 8099 2069 7320 rub-mount... is \n+00002920: 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2061 7320 7369 6d70 normally as simp\n+00002930: 6c65 2061 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 le as:.. gru\n+00002940: 622d 6d6f 756e 7420 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 b-mount /dev/sda\n+00002950: 3120 2f6d 6e74 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 1 /mnt.. ...gr\n+00002960: 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 e280 9920 6d75 7374 ub-mount... must\n+00002970: 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6f6e 6520 6f72 be given one or\n+00002980: 206d 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6573 2061 6e64 more images and\n+00002990: 2061 206d 6f75 6e74 2070 6f69 6e74 2061 a mount point a\n+000029a0: 730a 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 6f6e 2061 7267 s.non-option arg\n+000029b0: 756d 656e 7473 2028 6966 2069 7420 6973 uments (if it is\n+000029c0: 2067 6976 656e 206d 6f72 6520 7468 616e given more than\n+000029d0: 206f 6e65 2069 6d61 6765 2c20 6974 2077 one image, it w\n+000029e0: 696c 6c20 7472 6561 740a 7468 656d 2061 ill treat.them a\n+000029f0: 7320 6120 5241 4944 2073 6574 292c 2061 s a RAID set), a\n+00002a00: 6e64 2061 6c73 6f20 6163 6365 7074 7320 nd also accepts \n+00002a10: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 the following op\n+00002a20: 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 982d 2d68 656c tions:.....--hel\n+00002a30: 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 p.... Print \n+00002a40: 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f66 2074 6865 a summary of the\n+00002a50: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 command-line op\n+00002a60: 7469 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a tions and exit..\n+00002a70: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 696f 6ee2 8099 ....--version...\n+00002a80: 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 7468 6520 . Print the \n+00002a90: 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f version number o\n+00002aa0: 6620 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e f GRUB and exit.\n+00002ab0: 0a0a e280 982d 43e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d .....-C.......--\n+00002ac0: 6372 7970 746f e280 990a 2020 2020 204d crypto.... M\n+00002ad0: 6f75 6e74 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2064 ount encrypted d\n+00002ae0: 6576 6963 6573 2c20 7072 6f6d 7074 696e evices, promptin\n+00002af0: 6720 666f 7220 6120 7061 7373 7068 7261 g for a passphra\n+00002b00: 7365 2069 6620 6e65 6365 7373 6172 792e se if necessary.\n+00002b10: 0a0a e280 982d 6420 5354 5249 4e47 e280 .....-d STRING..\n+00002b20: 990a e280 982d 2d64 6562 7567 3d53 5452 .....--debug=STR\n+00002b30: 494e 47e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5368 6f77 ING.... Show\n+00002b40: 2064 6562 7567 6769 6e67 206f 7574 7075 debugging outpu\n+00002b50: 7420 666f 7220 636f 6e64 6974 696f 6e73 t for conditions\n+00002b60: 206d 6174 6368 696e 6720 5354 5249 4e47 matching STRING\n+00002b70: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d4b 2070 726f 6d70 747c ......-K prompt|\n+00002b80: 4649 4c45 e280 990a e280 982d 2d7a 6673 FILE.......--zfs\n+00002b90: 2d6b 6579 3d70 726f 6d70 747c 4649 4c45 -key=prompt|FILE\n+00002ba0: e280 990a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 .... Load a \n+00002bb0: 5a46 5320 656e 6372 7970 7469 6f6e 206b ZFS encryption k\n+00002bc0: 6579 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 7573 6520 ey. If you use \n+00002bd0: e280 9870 726f 6d70 74e2 8099 2061 7320 ...prompt... as \n+00002be0: 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2c0a 2020 the argument,. \n+00002bf0: 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 ...grub-mount\n+00002c00: e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2072 6561 6420 6120 ... will read a \n+00002c10: 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 2066 726f 6d20 passphrase from \n+00002c20: 7468 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 3b20 6f74 the terminal; ot\n+00002c30: 6865 7277 6973 652c 0a20 2020 2020 6974 herwise,. it\n+00002c40: 2077 696c 6c20 7265 6164 206b 6579 206d will read key m\n+00002c50: 6174 6572 6961 6c20 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 aterial from the\n+00002c60: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2066 696c 652e specified file.\n+00002c70: 0a0a e280 982d 7220 4445 5649 4345 e280 .....-r DEVICE..\n+00002c80: 990a e280 982d 2d72 6f6f 743d 4445 5649 .....--root=DEVI\n+00002c90: 4345 e280 990a 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 CE.... Set t\n+00002ca0: 6865 2047 5255 4220 726f 6f74 2064 6576 he GRUB root dev\n+00002cb0: 6963 6520 746f 2044 4556 4943 452e 2020 ice to DEVICE. \n+00002cc0: 596f 7520 646f 206e 6f74 206e 6f72 6d61 You do not norma\n+00002cd0: 6c6c 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 lly need to. \n+00002ce0: 2073 6574 2074 6869 733b 20e2 8098 6772 set this; ...gr\n+00002cf0: 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 e280 9920 7769 6c6c ub-mount... will\n+00002d00: 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2073 automatically s\n+00002d10: 6574 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 et the root devi\n+00002d20: 6365 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2072 ce to. the r\n+00002d30: 6f6f 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2073 7570 706c oot of the suppl\n+00002d40: 6965 6420 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d2e ied file system.\n+00002d50: 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 4445 5649 4345 .. If DEVICE\n+00002d60: 2069 7320 6a75 7374 2061 206e 756d 6265 is just a numbe\n+00002d70: 722c 2074 6865 6e20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 r, then it will \n+00002d80: 6265 2074 7265 6174 6564 2061 7320 6120 be treated as a \n+00002d90: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 206e partition. n\n+00002da0: 756d 6265 7220 7769 7468 696e 2074 6865 umber within the\n+00002db0: 2073 7570 706c 6965 6420 696d 6167 652e supplied image.\n+00002dc0: 2020 5468 6973 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 This means tha\n+00002dd0: 742c 2069 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 2061 t, if you have a\n+00002de0: 6e0a 2020 2020 2069 6d61 6765 206f 6620 n. image of \n+00002df0: 616e 2065 6e74 6972 6520 6469 736b 2069 an entire disk i\n+00002e00: 6e20 e280 9864 6973 6b2e 696d 67e2 8099 n ...disk.img...\n+00002e10: 2c20 7468 656e 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2075 , then you can u\n+00002e20: 7365 2074 6869 730a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d se this. com\n+00002e30: 6d61 6e64 2074 6f20 6d6f 756e 7420 6974 mand to mount it\n+00002e40: 7320 7365 636f 6e64 2070 6172 7469 7469 s second partiti\n+00002e50: 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 on:.. g\n+00002e60: 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 7420 2d72 2032 2064 rub-mount -r 2 d\n+00002e70: 6973 6b2e 696d 6720 6d6f 756e 742d 706f isk.img mount-po\n+00002e80: 696e 740a 0ae2 8098 2d76 e280 990a e280 int.....-v......\n+00002e90: 982d 2d76 6572 626f 7365 e280 990a 2020 .--verbose.... \n+00002ea0: 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2076 6572 626f 7365 Print verbose\n+00002eb0: 206d 6573 7361 6765 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 messages.....Fi\n+00002ec0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00002ed0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 Node: Invoking g\n+00002ee0: 7275 622d 7072 6f62 652c 2020 4e65 7874 rub-probe, Next\n+00002ef0: 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d : Invoking grub-\n+00002f00: 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 2c20 2050 script-check, P\n+00002f10: 7265 763a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 rev: Invoking gr\n+00002f20: 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 2055 703a 2055 ub-mount, Up: U\n+00002f30: 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 ser-space utilit\n+00002f40: 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3720 496e 766f 6b69 ies..24.7 Invoki\n+00002f50: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 650a 3d3d ng grub-probe.==\n 00002f60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00002f70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 ========..The pr\n-00002f80: 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d 7072 ogram ...grub-pr\n-00002f90: 6f62 65e2 8099 2070 726f 6265 7320 6465 obe... probes de\n-00002fa0: 7669 6365 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e vice information\n-00002fb0: 2066 6f72 2061 2067 6976 656e 2070 6174 for a given pat\n-00002fc0: 6820 6f72 0a64 6576 6963 652e 0a0a 2020 h or.device... \n-00002fd0: 2020 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 6520 2d2d grub-probe --\n-00002fe0: 7461 7267 6574 3d66 7320 2f62 6f6f 742f target=fs /boot/\n-00002ff0: 6772 7562 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d70 grub. grub-p\n-00003000: 726f 6265 202d 2d74 6172 6765 743d 6472 robe --target=dr\n-00003010: 6976 6520 2d2d 6465 7669 6365 202f 6465 ive --device /de\n-00003020: 762f 7364 6131 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 v/sda1.. ...gr\n-00003030: 7562 2d70 726f 6265 e280 9920 6d75 7374 ub-probe... must\n-00003040: 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6120 7061 7468 be given a path\n-00003050: 206f 7220 6465 7669 6365 2061 7320 6120 or device as a \n-00003060: 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 6f6e 2061 7267 756d non-option argum\n-00003070: 656e 742c 0a61 6e64 2061 6c73 6f20 6163 ent,.and also ac\n-00003080: 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 cepts the follow\n-00003090: 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 ing options:....\n-000030a0: 982d 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 .--help.... \n-000030b0: 5072 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 Print a summary \n-000030c0: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c of the command-l\n-000030d0: 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 ine options and \n-000030e0: 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 exit......--vers\n-000030f0: 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e ion.... Prin\n-00003100: 7420 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 t the version nu\n-00003110: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4752 5542 2061 6e64 mber of GRUB and\n-00003120: 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 64e2 8099 exit......-d...\n-00003130: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6465 7669 6365 e280 990a ....--device....\n-00003140: 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 If this opt\n-00003150: 696f 6e20 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7468 ion is given, th\n-00003160: 656e 2074 6865 206e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 696f en the non-optio\n-00003170: 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 6120 n argument is a \n-00003180: 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 6465 7669 system. devi\n-00003190: 6365 206e 616d 6520 2873 7563 6820 6173 ce name (such as\n-000031a0: 20e2 8098 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 31e2 8099 .../dev/sda1...\n-000031b0: 292c 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d70 ), and ...grub-p\n-000031c0: 726f 6265 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2070 7269 robe... will pri\n-000031d0: 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 nt. informat\n-000031e0: 696f 6e20 6162 6f75 7420 7468 6174 2064 ion about that d\n-000031f0: 6576 6963 652e 2020 4966 2069 7420 6973 evice. If it is\n-00003200: 206e 6f74 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7468 656e not given, then\n-00003210: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 the. non-op\n-00003220: 7469 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 6973 tion argument is\n-00003230: 2061 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 7061 a filesystem pa\n-00003240: 7468 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 e280 982f th (such as .../\n-00003250: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 292c 0a20 boot/grub...),. \n-00003260: 2020 2020 616e 6420 e280 9867 7275 622d and ...grub-\n-00003270: 7072 6f62 65e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 7072 probe... will pr\n-00003280: 696e 7420 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 int information \n-00003290: 6162 6f75 7420 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 about the device\n-000032a0: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 670a 2020 2020 containing. \n-000032b0: 2074 6861 7420 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 that part of th\n-000032c0: 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2e0a 0ae2 e filesystem....\n-000032d0: 8098 2d6d 2046 494c 45e2 8099 0ae2 8098 ..-m FILE.......\n-000032e0: 2d2d 6465 7669 6365 2d6d 6170 3d46 494c --device-map=FIL\n-000032f0: 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5573 6520 4649 E.... Use FI\n-00003300: 4c45 2061 7320 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 LE as the device\n-00003310: 206d 6170 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4465 7669 map (*note Devi\n-00003320: 6365 206d 6170 3a3a 2920 7261 7468 6572 ce map::) rather\n-00003330: 2074 6861 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2064 than the. d\n-00003340: 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 efault, usually \n-00003350: e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6465 .../boot/grub/de\n-00003360: 7669 6365 2e6d 6170 e280 992e 0a0a e280 vice.map........\n-00003370: 982d 7420 5441 5247 4554 e280 990a e280 .-t TARGET......\n-00003380: 982d 2d74 6172 6765 743d 5441 5247 4554 .--target=TARGET\n-00003390: e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2069 .... Print i\n-000033a0: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 626f 7574 nformation about\n-000033b0: 2074 6865 2067 6976 656e 2070 6174 6820 the given path \n-000033c0: 6f72 2064 6576 6963 6520 6173 2064 6566 or device as def\n-000033d0: 696e 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 2054 4152 ined by. TAR\n-000033e0: 4745 542e 2020 5468 6520 6176 6169 6c61 GET. The availa\n-000033f0: 626c 6520 7461 7267 6574 7320 616e 6420 ble targets and \n-00003400: 7468 6569 7220 6d65 616e 696e 6773 2061 their meanings a\n-00003410: 7265 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9866 73e2 re:.. ...fs.\n-00003420: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 ... GRU\n-00003430: 4220 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 206d 6f64 B filesystem mod\n-00003440: 756c 652e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9866 735f ule.. ...fs_\n-00003450: 7575 6964 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 uuid.... \n-00003460: 2020 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2055 6e69 Filesystem Uni\n-00003470: 7665 7273 616c 6c79 2055 6e69 7175 6520 versally Unique \n-00003480: 4964 656e 7469 6669 6572 2028 5555 4944 Identifier (UUID\n-00003490: 292e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9866 735f 6c61 ).. ...fs_la\n-000034a0: 6265 6ce2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 bel.... \n-000034b0: 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 6c61 6265 Filesystem labe\n-000034c0: 6c2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9864 7269 7665 l.. ...drive\n-000034d0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 .... GR\n-000034e0: 5542 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2e0a UB device name..\n-000034f0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6465 7669 6365 e280 ...device..\n-00003500: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5379 7374 .. Syst\n-00003510: 656d 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2e0a em device name..\n-00003520: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7061 7274 6d61 70e2 ...partmap.\n-00003530: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 ... GRU\n-00003540: 4220 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6d61 7020 B partition map \n-00003550: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 module.. ...\n-00003560: 6162 7374 7261 6374 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 abstraction.... \n-00003570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 6162 GRUB ab\n-00003580: 7374 7261 6374 696f 6e20 6d6f 6475 6c65 straction module\n-00003590: 2028 652e 672e 2020 e280 986c 766d e280 (e.g. ...lvm..\n-000035a0: 9929 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6372 7970 .).. ...cryp\n-000035b0: 746f 6469 736b 5f75 7569 64e2 8099 0a20 todisk_uuid.... \n-000035c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 7279 7074 6f20 Crypto \n-000035d0: 6465 7669 6365 2055 5549 442e 0a20 2020 device UUID.. \n-000035e0: 2020 e280 986d 7364 6f73 5f70 6172 7474 ...msdos_partt\n-000035f0: 7970 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ype.... \n-00003600: 204d 4252 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 MBR partition t\n-00003610: 7970 6520 636f 6465 2028 7477 6f20 6865 ype code (two he\n-00003620: 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 6469 6769 7473 xadecimal digits\n-00003630: 292e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9868 696e 7473 ).. ...hints\n-00003640: 5f73 7472 696e 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 _string.... \n-00003650: 2020 2020 2041 2073 7472 696e 6720 6f66 A string of\n-00003660: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 7365 6172 6368 platform search\n-00003670: 2068 696e 7473 2073 7569 7461 626c 6520 hints suitable \n-00003680: 666f 7220 7061 7373 696e 6720 746f 2074 for passing to t\n-00003690: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 20e2 8098 he. ...\n-000036a0: 7365 6172 6368 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e search... comman\n-000036b0: 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 6561 7263 683a d (*note search:\n-000036c0: 3a29 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6269 6f73 :).. ...bios\n-000036d0: 5f68 696e 7473 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 _hints.... \n-000036e0: 2020 2020 5365 6172 6368 2068 696e 7473 Search hints\n-000036f0: 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2050 4320 4249 4f53 for the PC BIOS\n-00003700: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2e 0a20 2020 2020 platform.. \n-00003710: e280 9869 6565 6531 3237 355f 6869 6e74 ...ieee1275_hint\n-00003720: 73e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 s.... S\n-00003730: 6561 7263 6820 6869 6e74 7320 666f 7220 earch hints for \n-00003740: 7468 6520 4945 4545 3132 3735 2070 6c61 the IEEE1275 pla\n-00003750: 7466 6f72 6d2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9862 tform.. ...b\n-00003760: 6172 656d 6574 616c 5f68 696e 7473 e280 aremetal_hints..\n-00003770: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 6172 .. Sear\n-00003780: 6368 2068 696e 7473 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 ch hints for pla\n-00003790: 7466 6f72 6d73 2077 6865 7265 2064 6973 tforms where dis\n-000037a0: 6b73 2061 7265 2061 6464 7265 7373 6564 ks are addressed\n-000037b0: 2064 6972 6563 746c 790a 2020 2020 2020 directly. \n-000037c0: 2020 2020 7261 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 rather than \n-000037d0: 7669 6120 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e0a 2020 via firmware.. \n-000037e0: 2020 20e2 8098 6566 695f 6869 6e74 73e2 ...efi_hints.\n-000037f0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6561 ... Sea\n-00003800: 7263 6820 6869 6e74 7320 666f 7220 7468 rch hints for th\n-00003810: 6520 4546 4920 706c 6174 666f 726d 2e0a e EFI platform..\n-00003820: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6172 635f 6869 6e74 ...arc_hint\n-00003830: 73e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 s.... S\n-00003840: 6561 7263 6820 6869 6e74 7320 666f 7220 earch hints for \n-00003850: 7468 6520 4152 4320 706c 6174 666f 726d the ARC platform\n-00003860: 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 636f 6d70 6174 .. ...compat\n-00003870: 6962 696c 6974 795f 6869 6e74 e280 990a ibility_hint....\n-00003880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4120 6775 6573 A gues\n-00003890: 7320 6174 2061 2072 6561 736f 6e61 626c s at a reasonabl\n-000038a0: 6520 4752 5542 2064 7269 7665 206e 616d e GRUB drive nam\n-000038b0: 6520 666f 7220 7468 6973 2064 6576 6963 e for this devic\n-000038c0: 652c 2077 6869 6368 0a20 2020 2020 2020 e, which. \n-000038d0: 2020 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 2061 may be used a\n-000038e0: 7320 6120 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2069 6620 s a fallback if \n-000038f0: 7468 6520 e280 9873 6561 7263 68e2 8099 the ...search...\n-00003900: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2066 6169 6c73 2e0a command fails..\n-00003910: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6469 736b e280 990a ...disk....\n-00003920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5379 7374 656d System\n-00003930: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2066 6f72 device name for\n-00003940: 2074 6865 2077 686f 6c65 2064 6973 6b2e the whole disk.\n-00003950: 0a0a e280 982d 76e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d .....-v.......--\n-00003960: 7665 7262 6f73 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 verbose.... \n-00003970: 5072 696e 7420 7665 7262 6f73 6520 6d65 Print verbose me\n-00003980: 7373 6167 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ssages.....File:\n-00003990: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-000039a0: 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 e: Invoking grub\n-000039b0: 2d73 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b2c 2020 -script-check, \n-000039c0: 5072 6576 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 Prev: Invoking g\n-000039d0: 7275 622d 7072 6f62 652c 2020 5570 3a20 rub-probe, Up: \n-000039e0: 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 User-space utili\n-000039f0: 7469 6573 0a0a 3234 2e38 2049 6e76 6f6b ties..24.8 Invok\n-00003a00: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 742d ing grub-script-\n-00003a10: 6368 6563 6b0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d check.==========\n+00002f70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 ======..The prog\n+00002f80: 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d 7072 6f62 ram ...grub-prob\n+00002f90: 65e2 8099 2070 726f 6265 7320 6465 7669 e... probes devi\n+00002fa0: 6365 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2066 ce information f\n+00002fb0: 6f72 2061 2067 6976 656e 2070 6174 6820 or a given path \n+00002fc0: 6f72 0a64 6576 6963 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 or.device... \n+00002fd0: 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 6520 2d2d 7461 grub-probe --ta\n+00002fe0: 7267 6574 3d66 7320 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 rget=fs /boot/gr\n+00002ff0: 7562 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d70 726f ub. grub-pro\n+00003000: 6265 202d 2d74 6172 6765 743d 6472 6976 be --target=driv\n+00003010: 6520 2d2d 6465 7669 6365 202f 6465 762f e --device /dev/\n+00003020: 7364 6131 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 sda1.. ...grub\n+00003030: 2d70 726f 6265 e280 9920 6d75 7374 2062 -probe... must b\n+00003040: 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6120 7061 7468 206f e given a path o\n+00003050: 7220 6465 7669 6365 2061 7320 6120 6e6f r device as a no\n+00003060: 6e2d 6f70 7469 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e n-option argumen\n+00003070: 742c 0a61 6e64 2061 6c73 6f20 6163 6365 t,.and also acce\n+00003080: 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e pts the followin\n+00003090: 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 982d g options:.....-\n+000030a0: 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 -help.... Pr\n+000030b0: 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f66 int a summary of\n+000030c0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e the command-lin\n+000030d0: 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 6578 e options and ex\n+000030e0: 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 696f it......--versio\n+000030f0: 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 n.... Print \n+00003100: 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 the version numb\n+00003110: 6572 206f 6620 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2065 er of GRUB and e\n+00003120: 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 64e2 8099 0ae2 xit......-d.....\n+00003130: 8098 2d2d 6465 7669 6365 e280 990a 2020 ..--device.... \n+00003140: 2020 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f If this optio\n+00003150: 6e20 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7468 656e n is given, then\n+00003160: 2074 6865 206e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 696f 6e20 the non-option \n+00003170: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 6120 7379 argument is a sy\n+00003180: 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 6465 7669 6365 stem. device\n+00003190: 206e 616d 6520 2873 7563 6820 6173 20e2 name (such as .\n+000031a0: 8098 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 31e2 8099 292c ../dev/sda1...),\n+000031b0: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d70 726f and ...grub-pro\n+000031c0: 6265 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2070 7269 6e74 be... will print\n+000031d0: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f . informatio\n+000031e0: 6e20 6162 6f75 7420 7468 6174 2064 6576 n about that dev\n+000031f0: 6963 652e 2020 4966 2069 7420 6973 206e ice. If it is n\n+00003200: 6f74 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7468 656e 2074 ot given, then t\n+00003210: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 he. non-opti\n+00003220: 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 6973 2061 on argument is a\n+00003230: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 7061 7468 filesystem path\n+00003240: 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 e280 982f 626f (such as .../bo\n+00003250: 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 292c 0a20 2020 ot/grub...),. \n+00003260: 2020 616e 6420 e280 9867 7275 622d 7072 and ...grub-pr\n+00003270: 6f62 65e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 7072 696e obe... will prin\n+00003280: 7420 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6162 t information ab\n+00003290: 6f75 7420 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 2063 out the device c\n+000032a0: 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 670a 2020 2020 2074 ontaining. t\n+000032b0: 6861 7420 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 hat part of the \n+000032c0: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2e0a 0ae2 8098 filesystem......\n+000032d0: 2d6d 2046 494c 45e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d -m FILE.......--\n+000032e0: 6465 7669 6365 2d6d 6170 3d46 494c 45e2 device-map=FILE.\n+000032f0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5573 6520 4649 4c45 ... Use FILE\n+00003300: 2061 7320 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d as the device m\n+00003310: 6170 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4465 7669 6365 ap (*note Device\n+00003320: 206d 6170 3a3a 2920 7261 7468 6572 2074 map::) rather t\n+00003330: 6861 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2064 6566 han the. def\n+00003340: 6175 6c74 2c20 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 e280 ault, usually ..\n+00003350: 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6465 7669 ./boot/grub/devi\n+00003360: 6365 2e6d 6170 e280 992e 0a0a e280 982d ce.map.........-\n+00003370: 7420 5441 5247 4554 e280 990a e280 982d t TARGET.......-\n+00003380: 2d74 6172 6765 743d 5441 5247 4554 e280 -target=TARGET..\n+00003390: 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2069 6e66 .. Print inf\n+000033a0: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 626f 7574 2074 ormation about t\n+000033b0: 6865 2067 6976 656e 2070 6174 6820 6f72 he given path or\n+000033c0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6173 2064 6566 696e device as defin\n+000033d0: 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 2054 4152 4745 ed by. TARGE\n+000033e0: 542e 2020 5468 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c T. The availabl\n+000033f0: 6520 7461 7267 6574 7320 616e 6420 7468 e targets and th\n+00003400: 6569 7220 6d65 616e 696e 6773 2061 7265 eir meanings are\n+00003410: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9866 73e2 8099 :.. ...fs...\n+00003420: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 . GRUB \n+00003430: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 206d 6f64 756c filesystem modul\n+00003440: 652e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9866 735f 7575 e.. ...fs_uu\n+00003450: 6964 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 id.... \n+00003460: 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2055 6e69 7665 Filesystem Unive\n+00003470: 7273 616c 6c79 2055 6e69 7175 6520 4964 rsally Unique Id\n+00003480: 656e 7469 6669 6572 2028 5555 4944 292e entifier (UUID).\n+00003490: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9866 735f 6c61 6265 . ...fs_labe\n+000034a0: 6ce2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 l.... F\n+000034b0: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 6c61 6265 6c2e ilesystem label.\n+000034c0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9864 7269 7665 e280 . ...drive..\n+000034d0: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 .. GRUB\n+000034e0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2e0a 2020 device name.. \n+000034f0: 2020 20e2 8098 6465 7669 6365 e280 990a ...device....\n+00003500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5379 7374 656d System\n+00003510: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2e0a 2020 device name.. \n+00003520: 2020 20e2 8098 7061 7274 6d61 70e2 8099 ...partmap...\n+00003530: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 . GRUB \n+00003540: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6d61 7020 6d6f partition map mo\n+00003550: 6475 6c65 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6162 dule.. ...ab\n+00003560: 7374 7261 6374 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 straction.... \n+00003570: 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 6162 7374 GRUB abst\n+00003580: 7261 6374 696f 6e20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2028 raction module (\n+00003590: 652e 672e 2020 e280 986c 766d e280 9929 e.g. ...lvm...)\n+000035a0: 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6372 7970 746f .. ...crypto\n+000035b0: 6469 736b 5f75 7569 64e2 8099 0a20 2020 disk_uuid.... \n+000035c0: 2020 2020 2020 2043 7279 7074 6f20 6465 Crypto de\n+000035d0: 7669 6365 2055 5549 442e 0a20 2020 2020 vice UUID.. \n+000035e0: e280 986d 7364 6f73 5f70 6172 7474 7970 ...msdos_parttyp\n+000035f0: 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d e.... M\n+00003600: 4252 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 7970 BR partition typ\n+00003610: 6520 636f 6465 2028 7477 6f20 6865 7861 e code (two hexa\n+00003620: 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 6469 6769 7473 292e decimal digits).\n+00003630: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9868 696e 7473 5f73 . ...hints_s\n+00003640: 7472 696e 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 tring.... \n+00003650: 2020 2041 2073 7472 696e 6720 6f66 2070 A string of p\n+00003660: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 7365 6172 6368 2068 latform search h\n+00003670: 696e 7473 2073 7569 7461 626c 6520 666f ints suitable fo\n+00003680: 7220 7061 7373 696e 6720 746f 2074 6865 r passing to the\n+00003690: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7365 . ...se\n+000036a0: 6172 6368 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 arch... command \n+000036b0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 6561 7263 683a 3a29 (*note search::)\n+000036c0: 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6269 6f73 5f68 .. ...bios_h\n+000036d0: 696e 7473 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ints.... \n+000036e0: 2020 5365 6172 6368 2068 696e 7473 2066 Search hints f\n+000036f0: 6f72 2074 6865 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2070 or the PC BIOS p\n+00003700: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 latform.. ..\n+00003710: 9869 6565 6531 3237 355f 6869 6e74 73e2 .ieee1275_hints.\n+00003720: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6561 ... Sea\n+00003730: 7263 6820 6869 6e74 7320 666f 7220 7468 rch hints for th\n+00003740: 6520 4945 4545 3132 3735 2070 6c61 7466 e IEEE1275 platf\n+00003750: 6f72 6d2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9862 6172 orm.. ...bar\n+00003760: 656d 6574 616c 5f68 696e 7473 e280 990a emetal_hints....\n+00003770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 6172 6368 Search\n+00003780: 2068 696e 7473 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 7466 hints for platf\n+00003790: 6f72 6d73 2077 6865 7265 2064 6973 6b73 orms where disks\n+000037a0: 2061 7265 2061 6464 7265 7373 6564 2064 are addressed d\n+000037b0: 6972 6563 746c 790a 2020 2020 2020 2020 irectly. \n+000037c0: 2020 7261 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7669 rather than vi\n+000037d0: 6120 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e0a 2020 2020 a firmware.. \n+000037e0: 20e2 8098 6566 695f 6869 6e74 73e2 8099 ...efi_hints...\n+000037f0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6561 7263 . Searc\n+00003800: 6820 6869 6e74 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 h hints for the \n+00003810: 4546 4920 706c 6174 666f 726d 2e0a 2020 EFI platform.. \n+00003820: 2020 20e2 8098 6172 635f 6869 6e74 73e2 ...arc_hints.\n+00003830: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6561 ... Sea\n+00003840: 7263 6820 6869 6e74 7320 666f 7220 7468 rch hints for th\n+00003850: 6520 4152 4320 706c 6174 666f 726d 2e0a e ARC platform..\n+00003860: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 636f 6d70 6174 6962 ...compatib\n+00003870: 696c 6974 795f 6869 6e74 e280 990a 2020 ility_hint.... \n+00003880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4120 6775 6573 7320 A guess \n+00003890: 6174 2061 2072 6561 736f 6e61 626c 6520 at a reasonable \n+000038a0: 4752 5542 2064 7269 7665 206e 616d 6520 GRUB drive name \n+000038b0: 666f 7220 7468 6973 2064 6576 6963 652c for this device,\n+000038c0: 2077 6869 6368 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 which. \n+000038d0: 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 2061 7320 may be used as \n+000038e0: 6120 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2069 6620 7468 a fallback if th\n+000038f0: 6520 e280 9873 6561 7263 68e2 8099 2063 e ...search... c\n+00003900: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2066 6169 6c73 2e0a 2020 ommand fails.. \n+00003910: 2020 20e2 8098 6469 736b e280 990a 2020 ...disk.... \n+00003920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5379 7374 656d 2064 System d\n+00003930: 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2066 6f72 2074 evice name for t\n+00003940: 6865 2077 686f 6c65 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a he whole disk...\n+00003950: e280 982d 76e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 ...-v.......--ve\n+00003960: 7262 6f73 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 rbose.... Pr\n+00003970: 696e 7420 7665 7262 6f73 6520 6d65 7373 int verbose mess\n+00003980: 6167 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ages.....File: g\n+00003990: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+000039a0: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d73 Invoking grub-s\n+000039b0: 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b2c 2020 5072 cript-check, Pr\n+000039c0: 6576 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 ev: Invoking gru\n+000039d0: 622d 7072 6f62 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5573 b-probe, Up: Us\n+000039e0: 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 er-space utiliti\n+000039f0: 6573 0a0a 3234 2e38 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e es..24.8 Invokin\n+00003a00: 6720 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 742d 6368 g grub-script-ch\n+00003a10: 6563 6b0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d eck.============\n 00003a20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00003a30: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 =====..The progr\n-00003a40: 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 am ...grub-scrip\n-00003a50: 742d 6368 6563 6be2 8099 2074 616b 6573 t-check... takes\n-00003a60: 2061 2047 5255 4220 7363 7269 7074 2066 a GRUB script f\n-00003a70: 696c 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 0a53 6865 6c6c ile (*note.Shell\n-00003a80: 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e 673a -like scripting:\n-00003a90: 3a29 2061 6e64 2063 6865 636b 7320 6974 :) and checks it\n-00003aa0: 2066 6f72 2073 796e 7461 7820 6572 726f for syntax erro\n-00003ab0: 7273 2c20 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 0a63 rs, similar to.c\n-00003ac0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7375 6368 2061 7320 ommands such as \n-00003ad0: e280 9873 6820 2d6e e280 992e 2020 4974 ...sh -n.... It\n-00003ae0: 206d 6179 2074 616b 6520 6120 5041 5448 may take a PATH\n-00003af0: 2061 7320 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 6f6e as a non-option\n-00003b00: 2061 7267 756d 656e 743b 0a69 6620 6e6f argument;.if no\n-00003b10: 6e65 2069 7320 7375 7070 6c69 6564 2c20 ne is supplied, \n-00003b20: 6974 2077 696c 6c20 7265 6164 2066 726f it will read fro\n-00003b30: 6d20 7374 616e 6461 7264 2069 6e70 7574 m standard input\n-00003b40: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d73 6372 ... grub-scr\n-00003b50: 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b20 2f62 6f6f 742f ipt-check /boot/\n-00003b60: 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 670a 0a20 grub/grub.cfg.. \n-00003b70: 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 7363 7269 7074 ...grub-script\n-00003b80: 2d63 6865 636b e280 9920 6163 6365 7074 -check... accept\n-00003b90: 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 s the following \n-00003ba0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 982d 2d68 options:.....--h\n-00003bb0: 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e elp.... Prin\n-00003bc0: 7420 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f66 2074 t a summary of t\n-00003bd0: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 he command-line \n-00003be0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 6578 6974 options and exit\n-00003bf0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 696f 6ee2 ......--version.\n-00003c00: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 7468 ... Print th\n-00003c10: 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 e version number\n-00003c20: 206f 6620 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2065 7869 of GRUB and exi\n-00003c30: 742e 0a0a e280 982d 76e2 8099 0ae2 8098 t......-v.......\n-00003c40: 2d2d 7665 7262 6f73 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 --verbose.... \n-00003c50: 2020 5072 696e 7420 6561 6368 206c 696e Print each lin\n-00003c60: 6520 6f66 2069 6e70 7574 2061 6674 6572 e of input after\n-00003c70: 2072 6561 6469 6e67 2069 742e 0a0a 1f0a reading it.....\n-00003c80: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00003c90: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4f62 7461 696e 696e Node: Obtainin\n-00003ca0: 6720 616e 6420 4275 696c 6469 6e67 2047 g and Building G\n-00003cb0: 5255 422c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5265 706f RUB, Next: Repo\n-00003cc0: 7274 696e 6720 6275 6773 2c20 2050 7265 rting bugs, Pre\n-00003cd0: 763a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 v: User-space ut\n-00003ce0: 696c 6974 6965 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f ilities, Up: To\n-00003cf0: 700a 0a41 7070 656e 6469 7820 4120 486f p..Appendix A Ho\n-00003d00: 7720 746f 206f 6274 6169 6e20 616e 6420 w to obtain and \n-00003d10: 6275 696c 6420 4752 5542 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a build GRUB.*****\n+00003a30: 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d ===..The program\n+00003a40: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 742d ...grub-script-\n+00003a50: 6368 6563 6be2 8099 2074 616b 6573 2061 check... takes a\n+00003a60: 2047 5255 4220 7363 7269 7074 2066 696c GRUB script fil\n+00003a70: 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 0a53 6865 6c6c 2d6c e (*note.Shell-l\n+00003a80: 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e 673a 3a29 ike scripting::)\n+00003a90: 2061 6e64 2063 6865 636b 7320 6974 2066 and checks it f\n+00003aa0: 6f72 2073 796e 7461 7820 6572 726f 7273 or syntax errors\n+00003ab0: 2c20 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 0a63 6f6d , similar to.com\n+00003ac0: 6d61 6e64 7320 7375 6368 2061 7320 e280 mands such as ..\n+00003ad0: 9873 6820 2d6e e280 992e 2020 4974 206d .sh -n.... It m\n+00003ae0: 6179 2074 616b 6520 6120 5041 5448 2061 ay take a PATH a\n+00003af0: 7320 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 6f6e 2061 s a non-option a\n+00003b00: 7267 756d 656e 743b 0a69 6620 6e6f 6e65 rgument;.if none\n+00003b10: 2069 7320 7375 7070 6c69 6564 2c20 6974 is supplied, it\n+00003b20: 2077 696c 6c20 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 will read from \n+00003b30: 7374 616e 6461 7264 2069 6e70 7574 2e0a standard input..\n+00003b40: 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 . grub-scrip\n+00003b50: 742d 6368 6563 6b20 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 t-check /boot/gr\n+00003b60: 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 670a 0a20 2020 ub/grub.cfg.. \n+00003b70: e280 9867 7275 622d 7363 7269 7074 2d63 ...grub-script-c\n+00003b80: 6865 636b e280 9920 6163 6365 7074 7320 heck... accepts \n+00003b90: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 the following op\n+00003ba0: 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 982d 2d68 656c tions:.....--hel\n+00003bb0: 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 p.... Print \n+00003bc0: 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f66 2074 6865 a summary of the\n+00003bd0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 command-line op\n+00003be0: 7469 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a tions and exit..\n+00003bf0: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 696f 6ee2 8099 ....--version...\n+00003c00: 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 7468 6520 . Print the \n+00003c10: 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f version number o\n+00003c20: 6620 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e f GRUB and exit.\n+00003c30: 0a0a e280 982d 76e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d .....-v.......--\n+00003c40: 7665 7262 6f73 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 verbose.... \n+00003c50: 5072 696e 7420 6561 6368 206c 696e 6520 Print each line \n+00003c60: 6f66 2069 6e70 7574 2061 6674 6572 2072 of input after r\n+00003c70: 6561 6469 6e67 2069 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 eading it.....Fi\n+00003c80: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00003c90: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4f62 7461 696e 696e 6720 Node: Obtaining \n+00003ca0: 616e 6420 4275 696c 6469 6e67 2047 5255 and Building GRU\n+00003cb0: 422c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5265 706f 7274 B, Next: Report\n+00003cc0: 696e 6720 6275 6773 2c20 2050 7265 763a ing bugs, Prev:\n+00003cd0: 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c User-space util\n+00003ce0: 6974 6965 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a ities, Up: Top.\n+00003cf0: 0a41 7070 656e 6469 7820 4120 486f 7720 .Appendix A How \n+00003d00: 746f 206f 6274 6169 6e20 616e 6420 6275 to obtain and bu\n+00003d10: 696c 6420 4752 5542 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ild GRUB.*******\n 00003d20: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n 00003d30: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00003d40: 2a2a 0a0a 2020 2020 202a 4361 7574 696f **.. *Cautio\n-00003d50: 6e3a 2a20 4752 5542 2072 6571 7569 7265 n:* GRUB require\n-00003d60: 7320 6269 6e75 7469 6c73 2d32 2e39 2e31 s binutils-2.9.1\n-00003d70: 2e30 2e32 3320 6f72 206c 6174 6572 2062 .0.23 or later b\n-00003d80: 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ecause the. \n-00003d90: 474e 5520 6173 7365 6d62 6c65 7220 6861 GNU assembler ha\n-00003da0: 7320 6265 656e 2063 6861 6e67 6564 2073 s been changed s\n-00003db0: 6f20 7468 6174 2069 7420 6361 6e20 7072 o that it can pr\n-00003dc0: 6f64 7563 6520 7265 616c 2031 3662 6974 oduce real 16bit\n-00003dd0: 730a 2020 2020 206d 6163 6869 6e65 2063 s. machine c\n-00003de0: 6f64 6520 6265 7477 6565 6e20 322e 392e ode between 2.9.\n-00003df0: 3120 616e 6420 322e 392e 312e 302e 782e 1 and 2.9.1.0.x.\n-00003e00: 2020 5365 650a 2020 2020 203c 6874 7470 See. \n-00003e30: 2c20 746f 206f 6274 6169 6e20 696e 666f , to obtain info\n-00003e40: 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2068 6f77 0a20 rmation on how. \n-00003e50: 2020 2020 746f 2067 6574 2074 6865 206c to get the l\n-00003e60: 6174 6573 7420 7665 7273 696f 6e2e 0a0a atest version...\n-00003e70: 2020 2047 5255 4220 6973 2061 7661 696c GRUB is avail\n-00003e80: 6162 6c65 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 474e able from the GN\n-00003e90: 5520 616c 7068 6120 6172 6368 6976 6520 U alpha archive \n-00003ea0: 7369 7465 0a3c 6674 703a 2f2f 6674 702e site. or any of its \n-00003ed0: 6d69 7272 6f72 732e 2020 5468 6520 6669 mirrors. The fi\n-00003ee0: 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a6e 616d 6564 le will be.named\n-00003ef0: 2067 7275 622d 7665 7273 696f 6e2e 7461 grub-version.ta\n-00003f00: 722e 677a 2e20 2054 6865 2063 7572 7265 r.gz. The curre\n-00003f10: 6e74 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2069 7320 322e nt version is 2.\n-00003f20: 3132 2c20 736f 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 12, so the file \n-00003f30: 796f 750a 7368 6f75 6c64 2067 7261 6220 you.should grab \n-00003f40: 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 3c66 7470 3a2f 2f66 is:.. .. To unb\n-00003f80: 756e 646c 6520 4752 5542 2075 7365 2074 undle GRUB use t\n-00003f90: 6865 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 3a0a he instruction:.\n-00003fa0: 0a20 2020 2020 7a63 6174 2067 7275 622d . zcat grub-\n-00003fb0: 322e 3132 2e74 6172 2e67 7a20 7c20 7461 2.12.tar.gz | ta\n-00003fc0: 7220 7876 6620 2d0a 0a20 2020 7768 6963 r xvf -.. whic\n-00003fd0: 6820 7769 6c6c 2063 7265 6174 6520 6120 h will create a \n-00003fe0: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6361 6c6c 6564 directory called\n-00003ff0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d32 2e31 32e2 8099 ...grub-2.12...\n-00004000: 2077 6974 6820 616c 6c20 7468 650a 736f with all the.so\n-00004010: 7572 6365 732e 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 urces. You can \n-00004020: 6c6f 6f6b 2061 7420 7468 6520 6669 6c65 look at the file\n-00004030: 20e2 8098 494e 5354 414c 4ce2 8099 2066 ...INSTALL... f\n-00004040: 6f72 2064 6574 6169 6c65 6420 696e 7374 or detailed inst\n-00004050: 7275 6374 696f 6e73 0a6f 6e20 686f 7720 ructions.on how \n-00004060: 746f 2062 7569 6c64 2061 6e64 2069 6e73 to build and ins\n-00004070: 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 422c 2062 7574 2079 tall GRUB, but y\n-00004080: 6f75 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2061 626c ou should be abl\n-00004090: 6520 746f 206a 7573 7420 646f 3a0a 0a20 e to just do:.. \n-000040a0: 2020 2020 6364 2067 7275 622d 322e 3132 cd grub-2.12\n-000040b0: 0a20 2020 2020 2e2f 636f 6e66 6967 7572 . ./configur\n-000040c0: 650a 2020 2020 206d 616b 6520 696e 7374 e. make inst\n-000040d0: 616c 6c0a 0a20 2020 416c 736f 2c20 7468 all.. Also, th\n-000040e0: 6520 6c61 7465 7374 2076 6572 7369 6f6e e latest version\n-000040f0: 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7573 is available us\n-00004100: 696e 6720 4769 742e 2020 5365 650a 3c68 ing Git. See. for more.inf\n-00004150: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ormation.....Fil\n-00004160: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00004170: 6f64 653a 2052 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2062 ode: Reporting b\n-00004180: 7567 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4675 7475 ugs, Next: Futu\n-00004190: 7265 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204f 6274 6169 re, Prev: Obtai\n-000041a0: 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 696e ning and Buildin\n-000041b0: 6720 4752 5542 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 g GRUB, Up: Top\n-000041c0: 0a0a 4170 7065 6e64 6978 2042 2052 6570 ..Appendix B Rep\n-000041d0: 6f72 7469 6e67 2062 7567 730a 2a2a 2a2a orting bugs.****\n+00003d40: 0a0a 2020 2020 202a 4361 7574 696f 6e3a .. *Caution:\n+00003d50: 2a20 4752 5542 2072 6571 7569 7265 7320 * GRUB requires \n+00003d60: 6269 6e75 7469 6c73 2d32 2e39 2e31 2e30 binutils-2.9.1.0\n+00003d70: 2e32 3320 6f72 206c 6174 6572 2062 6563 .23 or later bec\n+00003d80: 6175 7365 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 474e ause the. GN\n+00003d90: 5520 6173 7365 6d62 6c65 7220 6861 7320 U assembler has \n+00003da0: 6265 656e 2063 6861 6e67 6564 2073 6f20 been changed so \n+00003db0: 7468 6174 2069 7420 6361 6e20 7072 6f64 that it can prod\n+00003dc0: 7563 6520 7265 616c 2031 3662 6974 730a uce real 16bits.\n+00003dd0: 2020 2020 206d 6163 6869 6e65 2063 6f64 machine cod\n+00003de0: 6520 6265 7477 6565 6e20 322e 392e 3120 e between 2.9.1 \n+00003df0: 616e 6420 322e 392e 312e 302e 782e 2020 and 2.9.1.0.x. \n+00003e00: 5365 650a 2020 2020 203c 6874 7470 3a2f See. , \n+00003e30: 746f 206f 6274 6169 6e20 696e 666f 726d to obtain inform\n+00003e40: 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2068 6f77 0a20 2020 ation on how. \n+00003e50: 2020 746f 2067 6574 2074 6865 206c 6174 to get the lat\n+00003e60: 6573 7420 7665 7273 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 est version... \n+00003e70: 2047 5255 4220 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 GRUB is availab\n+00003e80: 6c65 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 474e 5520 le from the GNU \n+00003e90: 616c 7068 6120 6172 6368 6976 6520 7369 alpha archive si\n+00003ea0: 7465 0a3c 6674 703a 2f2f 6674 702e 676e te. \n+00003ec0: 6f72 2061 6e79 206f 6620 6974 7320 6d69 or any of its mi\n+00003ed0: 7272 6f72 732e 2020 5468 6520 6669 6c65 rrors. The file\n+00003ee0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a6e 616d 6564 2067 will be.named g\n+00003ef0: 7275 622d 7665 7273 696f 6e2e 7461 722e rub-version.tar.\n+00003f00: 677a 2e20 2054 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 gz. The current\n+00003f10: 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2069 7320 322e 3132 version is 2.12\n+00003f20: 2c20 736f 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 796f , so the file yo\n+00003f30: 750a 7368 6f75 6c64 2067 7261 6220 6973 u.should grab is\n+00003f40: 3a0a 0a20 2020 3c66 7470 3a2f 2f66 7470 :.. .. To unbun\n+00003f80: 646c 6520 4752 5542 2075 7365 2074 6865 dle GRUB use the\n+00003f90: 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 instruction:.. \n+00003fa0: 2020 2020 7a63 6174 2067 7275 622d 322e zcat grub-2.\n+00003fb0: 3132 2e74 6172 2e67 7a20 7c20 7461 7220 12.tar.gz | tar \n+00003fc0: 7876 6620 2d0a 0a20 2020 7768 6963 6820 xvf -.. which \n+00003fd0: 7769 6c6c 2063 7265 6174 6520 6120 6469 will create a di\n+00003fe0: 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6361 6c6c 6564 20e2 rectory called .\n+00003ff0: 8098 6772 7562 2d32 2e31 32e2 8099 2077 ..grub-2.12... w\n+00004000: 6974 6820 616c 6c20 7468 650a 736f 7572 ith all the.sour\n+00004010: 6365 732e 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 6c6f ces. You can lo\n+00004020: 6f6b 2061 7420 7468 6520 6669 6c65 20e2 ok at the file .\n+00004030: 8098 494e 5354 414c 4ce2 8099 2066 6f72 ..INSTALL... for\n+00004040: 2064 6574 6169 6c65 6420 696e 7374 7275 detailed instru\n+00004050: 6374 696f 6e73 0a6f 6e20 686f 7720 746f ctions.on how to\n+00004060: 2062 7569 6c64 2061 6e64 2069 6e73 7461 build and insta\n+00004070: 6c6c 2047 5255 422c 2062 7574 2079 6f75 ll GRUB, but you\n+00004080: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2061 626c 6520 should be able \n+00004090: 746f 206a 7573 7420 646f 3a0a 0a20 2020 to just do:.. \n+000040a0: 2020 6364 2067 7275 622d 322e 3132 0a20 cd grub-2.12. \n+000040b0: 2020 2020 2e2f 636f 6e66 6967 7572 650a ./configure.\n+000040c0: 2020 2020 206d 616b 6520 696e 7374 616c make instal\n+000040d0: 6c0a 0a20 2020 416c 736f 2c20 7468 6520 l.. Also, the \n+000040e0: 6c61 7465 7374 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2069 latest version i\n+000040f0: 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7573 696e s available usin\n+00004100: 6720 4769 742e 2020 5365 650a 3c68 7474 g Git. See. for more.infor\n+00004150: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a mation.....File:\n+00004160: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00004170: 653a 2052 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2062 7567 e: Reporting bug\n+00004180: 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4675 7475 7265 s, Next: Future\n+00004190: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204f 6274 6169 6e69 , Prev: Obtaini\n+000041a0: 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 696e 6720 ng and Building \n+000041b0: 4752 5542 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a GRUB, Up: Top..\n+000041c0: 4170 7065 6e64 6978 2042 2052 6570 6f72 Appendix B Repor\n+000041d0: 7469 6e67 2062 7567 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ting bugs.******\n 000041e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000041f0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 7365 2061 7265 *****..These are\n-00004200: 2074 6865 2067 7569 6465 6c69 6e65 2066 the guideline f\n-00004210: 6f72 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 7265 706f 7274 or how to report\n-00004220: 2062 7567 732e 2020 5461 6b65 2061 206c bugs. Take a l\n-00004230: 6f6f 6b20 6174 2074 6869 730a 6c69 7374 ook at this.list\n-00004240: 2062 656c 6f77 2062 6566 6f72 6520 796f below before yo\n-00004250: 7520 7375 626d 6974 2062 7567 733a 0a0a u submit bugs:..\n-00004260: 2020 312e 2042 6566 6f72 6520 6765 7474 1. Before gett\n-00004270: 696e 6720 756e 7365 7474 6c65 642c 2072 ing unsettled, r\n-00004280: 6561 6420 7468 6973 206d 616e 7561 6c20 ead this manual \n-00004290: 7468 726f 7567 6820 616e 6420 7468 726f through and thro\n-000042a0: 7567 682e 0a20 2020 2020 416c 736f 2c20 ugh.. Also, \n-000042b0: 7365 6520 7468 6520 474e 5520 4752 5542 see the GNU GRUB\n-000042c0: 2046 4151 0a20 2020 2020 2868 7474 703a FAQ. (http:\n-000042d0: 2f2f 7777 772e 676e 752e 6f72 672f 736f //www.gnu.org/so\n-000042e0: 6674 7761 7265 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 ftware/grub/grub\n-000042f0: 2d66 6171 2e68 746d 6c29 2e0a 0a20 2032 -faq.html)... 2\n-00004300: 2e20 416c 7761 7973 206d 656e 7469 6f6e . Always mention\n-00004310: 2074 6865 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e the information\n-00004320: 206f 6e20 796f 7572 2047 5255 422e 2054 on your GRUB. T\n-00004330: 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 he version numbe\n-00004340: 7220 616e 640a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 r and. the c\n-00004350: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2061 7265 onfiguration are\n-00004360: 2071 7569 7465 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 quite important\n-00004370: 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 6275 696c 6420 . If you build \n-00004380: 6974 2079 6f75 7273 656c 662c 0a20 2020 it yourself,. \n-00004390: 2020 7772 6974 6520 7468 6520 6f70 7469 write the opti\n-000043a0: 6f6e 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 746f ons specified to\n-000043b0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 2073 the configure s\n-000043c0: 6372 6970 7420 616e 6420 796f 7572 0a20 cript and your. \n-000043d0: 2020 2020 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 operating sy\n-000043e0: 7374 656d 2c20 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 stem, including \n-000043f0: 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e73 206f 6620 the versions of \n-00004400: 6763 6320 616e 6420 6269 6e75 7469 6c73 gcc and binutils\n-00004410: 2e0a 0a20 2033 2e20 4966 2079 6f75 2068 ... 3. If you h\n-00004420: 6176 6520 7472 6f75 626c 6520 7769 7468 ave trouble with\n-00004430: 2074 6865 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f the installatio\n-00004440: 6e2c 2069 6e66 6f72 6d20 7573 206f 6620 n, inform us of \n-00004450: 686f 7720 796f 750a 2020 2020 2069 6e73 how you. ins\n-00004460: 7461 6c6c 6564 2047 5255 422e 2044 6f6e talled GRUB. Don\n-00004470: 2774 206f 6d69 7420 6572 726f 7220 6d65 't omit error me\n-00004480: 7373 6167 6573 2c20 6966 2061 6e79 2e20 ssages, if any. \n-00004490: 204a 7573 7420 e280 9847 5255 420a 2020 Just ...GRUB. \n-000044a0: 2020 2068 616e 6773 2075 7020 7768 656e hangs up when\n-000044b0: 2069 7420 626f 6f74 73e2 8099 2069 7320 it boots... is \n-000044c0: 6e6f 7420 656e 6f75 6768 2e0a 0a20 2020 not enough... \n-000044d0: 2020 5468 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f The informatio\n-000044e0: 6e20 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6861 7264 7761 n on your hardwa\n-000044f0: 7265 2069 7320 616c 736f 2065 7373 656e re is also essen\n-00004500: 7469 616c 2e20 2054 6865 7365 2061 7265 tial. These are\n-00004510: 0a20 2020 2020 6573 7065 6369 616c 6c79 . especially\n-00004520: 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 3a20 7468 6520 important: the \n-00004530: 6765 6f6d 6574 7269 6573 2061 6e64 2074 geometries and t\n-00004540: 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 he partition tab\n-00004550: 6c65 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 796f 7572 les of. your\n-00004560: 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2064 7269 7665 hard disk drive\n-00004570: 7320 616e 6420 796f 7572 2042 494f 532e s and your BIOS.\n-00004580: 0a0a 2020 342e 2049 6620 4752 5542 2063 .. 4. If GRUB c\n-00004590: 616e 6e6f 7420 626f 6f74 2079 6f75 7220 annot boot your \n-000045a0: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n-000045b0: 2c20 7772 6974 6520 646f 776e 205f 6576 , write down _ev\n-000045c0: 6572 7974 6869 6e67 5f0a 2020 2020 2079 erything_. y\n-000045d0: 6f75 2073 6565 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7363 ou see on the sc\n-000045e0: 7265 656e 2e20 2044 6f6e 2774 2070 6172 reen. Don't par\n-000045f0: 6170 6872 6173 6520 7468 656d 2c20 6c69 aphrase them, li\n-00004600: 6b65 20e2 8098 5468 6520 666f 6f20 4f53 ke ...The foo OS\n-00004610: 0a20 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 7769 . crashes wi\n-00004620: 7468 2047 5255 422c 2065 7665 6e20 7468 th GRUB, even th\n-00004630: 6f75 6768 2069 7420 6361 6e20 626f 6f74 ough it can boot\n-00004640: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6261 7220 626f with the bar bo\n-00004650: 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 720a 2020 2020 206a ot loader. j\n-00004660: 7573 7420 6669 6e65 e280 992e 2020 4d65 ust fine.... Me\n-00004670: 6e74 696f 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e ntion the comman\n-00004680: 6473 2079 6f75 2065 7865 6375 7465 642c ds you executed,\n-00004690: 2074 6865 206d 6573 7361 6765 730a 2020 the messages. \n-000046a0: 2020 2070 7269 6e74 6564 2062 7920 7468 printed by th\n-000046b0: 656d 2c20 616e 6420 696e 666f 726d 6174 em, and informat\n-000046c0: 696f 6e20 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 6572 ion on your oper\n-000046d0: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2069 6e63 ating system inc\n-000046e0: 6c75 6469 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 luding. the \n-000046f0: 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 2e0a version number..\n-00004700: 0a20 2035 2e20 4578 706c 6169 6e20 7768 . 5. Explain wh\n-00004710: 6174 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7465 6420 746f at you wanted to\n-00004720: 2064 6f2e 2020 4974 2069 7320 7665 7279 do. It is very\n-00004730: 2075 7365 6675 6c20 746f 206b 6e6f 7720 useful to know \n-00004740: 796f 7572 0a20 2020 2020 7075 7270 6f73 your. purpos\n-00004750: 6520 616e 6420 796f 7572 2077 6973 682c e and your wish,\n-00004760: 2061 6e64 2068 6f77 2047 5255 4220 6469 and how GRUB di\n-00004770: 646e 2774 2073 6174 6973 6679 2079 6f75 dn't satisfy you\n-00004780: 2e0a 0a20 2036 2e20 4966 2079 6f75 2063 ... 6. If you c\n-00004790: 616e 2069 6e76 6573 7469 6761 7465 2074 an investigate t\n-000047a0: 6865 2070 726f 626c 656d 2079 6f75 7273 he problem yours\n-000047b0: 656c 662c 2070 6c65 6173 6520 646f 2e20 elf, please do. \n-000047c0: 2054 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 That will. \n-000047d0: 6769 7665 2079 6f75 2061 6e64 2075 7320 give you and us \n-000047e0: 6d75 6368 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d much more inform\n-000047f0: 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2074 6865 2070 726f ation on the pro\n-00004800: 626c 656d 2e20 2041 7474 6163 6869 6e67 blem. Attaching\n-00004810: 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7463 6820 6973 a. patch is\n-00004820: 2065 7665 6e20 6265 7474 6572 2e0a 0a20 even better... \n-00004830: 2020 2020 5768 656e 2079 6f75 2061 7474 When you att\n-00004840: 6163 6820 6120 7061 7463 682c 206d 616b ach a patch, mak\n-00004850: 6520 7468 6520 7061 7463 6820 696e 2075 e the patch in u\n-00004860: 6e69 6669 6564 2064 6966 6620 666f 726d nified diff form\n-00004870: 6174 2c20 616e 640a 2020 2020 2077 7269 at, and. wri\n-00004880: 7465 2043 6861 6e67 654c 6f67 2065 6e74 te ChangeLog ent\n-00004890: 7269 6573 2e20 2042 7574 2c20 6576 656e ries. But, even\n-000048a0: 2077 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6d61 6b65 2061 when you make a\n-000048b0: 2070 6174 6368 2c20 646f 6e27 740a 2020 patch, don't. \n-000048c0: 2020 2066 6f72 6765 7420 746f 2065 7870 forget to exp\n-000048d0: 6c61 696e 2074 6865 2070 726f 626c 656d lain the problem\n-000048e0: 2c20 736f 2074 6861 7420 7765 2063 616e , so that we can\n-000048f0: 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6420 7768 6174 understand what\n-00004900: 2079 6f75 720a 2020 2020 2070 6174 6368 your. patch\n-00004910: 2069 7320 666f 722e 0a0a 2020 372e 2057 is for... 7. W\n-00004920: 7269 7465 2064 6f77 6e20 616e 7974 6869 rite down anythi\n-00004930: 6e67 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 7468 696e ng that you thin\n-00004940: 6b20 6d69 6768 7420 6265 2072 656c 6174 k might be relat\n-00004950: 6564 2e20 2050 6c65 6173 650a 2020 2020 ed. Please. \n-00004960: 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6420 7468 6174 understand that\n-00004970: 2077 6520 6f66 7465 6e20 6e65 6564 2074 we often need t\n-00004980: 6f20 7265 7072 6f64 7563 6520 7468 6520 o reproduce the \n-00004990: 7361 6d65 2070 726f 626c 656d 2079 6f75 same problem you\n-000049a0: 0a20 2020 2020 656e 636f 756e 7465 7265 . encountere\n-000049b0: 6420 696e 206f 7572 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e d in our environ\n-000049c0: 6d65 6e74 2e20 2053 6f20 796f 7572 2069 ment. So your i\n-000049d0: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2073 686f 756c nformation shoul\n-000049e0: 6420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7375 6666 6963 d be. suffic\n-000049f0: 6965 6e74 2066 6f72 2075 7320 746f 2064 ient for us to d\n-00004a00: 6f20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2074 6869 6e67 o the same thing\n-00004a10: 2d2d 446f 6e27 7420 666f 7267 6574 2074 --Don't forget t\n-00004a20: 6861 7420 7765 2063 616e 6e6f 740a 2020 hat we cannot. \n-00004a30: 2020 2073 6565 2079 6f75 7220 636f 6d70 see your comp\n-00004a40: 7574 6572 2064 6972 6563 746c 792e 2020 uter directly. \n-00004a50: 4966 2079 6f75 2061 7265 206e 6f74 2073 If you are not s\n-00004a60: 7572 6520 7768 6574 6865 7220 746f 2073 ure whether to s\n-00004a70: 7461 7465 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6661 6374 tate a. fact\n-00004a80: 206f 7220 6c65 6176 6520 6974 206f 7574 or leave it out\n-00004a90: 2c20 7374 6174 6520 6974 2120 2052 6570 , state it! Rep\n-00004aa0: 6f72 7469 6e67 2074 6f6f 206d 616e 7920 orting too many \n-00004ab0: 7468 696e 6773 2069 7320 6d75 6368 0a20 things is much. \n-00004ac0: 2020 2020 6265 7474 6572 2074 6861 6e20 better than \n-00004ad0: 6f6d 6974 7469 6e67 2073 6f6d 6574 6869 omitting somethi\n-00004ae0: 6e67 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 2e0a 0a20 ng important... \n-00004af0: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7720 If you follow \n-00004b00: 7468 6520 6775 6964 656c 696e 6520 6162 the guideline ab\n-00004b10: 6f76 652c 2073 7562 6d69 7420 6120 7265 ove, submit a re\n-00004b20: 706f 7274 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4275 670a port to the Bug.\n-00004b30: 5472 6163 6b69 6e67 2053 7973 7465 6d20 Tracking System \n-00004b40: 2868 7474 703a 2f2f 7361 7661 6e6e 6168 (http://savannah\n-00004b50: 2e67 6e75 2e6f 7267 2f62 7567 732f 3f67 .gnu.org/bugs/?g\n-00004b60: 726f 7570 3d67 7275 6229 2e0a 416c 7465 roup=grub)..Alte\n-00004b70: 726e 6174 6976 656c 792c 2079 6f75 2063 rnatively, you c\n-00004b80: 616e 2073 7562 6d69 7420 6120 7265 706f an submit a repo\n-00004b90: 7274 2076 6961 2065 6c65 6374 726f 6e69 rt via electroni\n-00004ba0: 6320 6d61 696c 2074 6f0a 3c62 7567 2d67 c mail to., bu\n-00004bc0: 7420 7765 2073 7472 6f6e 676c 7920 7265 t we strongly re\n-00004bd0: 636f 6d6d 656e 6420 7468 6174 2079 6f75 commend that you\n-00004be0: 2075 7365 2074 6865 2042 7567 0a54 7261 use the Bug.Tra\n-00004bf0: 636b 696e 6720 5379 7374 656d 2c20 6265 cking System, be\n-00004c00: 6361 7573 6520 652d 6d61 696c 2063 616e cause e-mail can\n-00004c10: 2062 6520 7061 7373 6564 206f 7665 7220 be passed over \n-00004c20: 6561 7369 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f6e 6365 easily... Once\n-00004c30: 2077 6520 6765 7420 796f 7572 2072 6570 we get your rep\n-00004c40: 6f72 742c 2077 6520 7769 6c6c 2074 7279 ort, we will try\n-00004c50: 2074 6f20 6669 7820 7468 6520 6275 6773 to fix the bugs\n-00004c60: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00004c70: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 7574 info, Node: Fut\n-00004c80: 7572 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 436f 7079 ure, Next: Copy\n-00004c90: 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 6c2c ing This Manual,\n-00004ca0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5265 706f 7274 696e Prev: Reportin\n-00004cb0: 6720 6275 6773 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 g bugs, Up: Top\n-00004cc0: 0a0a 4170 7065 6e64 6978 2043 2057 6865 ..Appendix C Whe\n-00004cd0: 7265 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2067 6f0a re GRUB will go.\n+000041f0: 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 7365 2061 7265 2074 ***..These are t\n+00004200: 6865 2067 7569 6465 6c69 6e65 2066 6f72 he guideline for\n+00004210: 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 7265 706f 7274 2062 how to report b\n+00004220: 7567 732e 2020 5461 6b65 2061 206c 6f6f ugs. Take a loo\n+00004230: 6b20 6174 2074 6869 730a 6c69 7374 2062 k at this.list b\n+00004240: 656c 6f77 2062 6566 6f72 6520 796f 7520 elow before you \n+00004250: 7375 626d 6974 2062 7567 733a 0a0a 2020 submit bugs:.. \n+00004260: 312e 2042 6566 6f72 6520 6765 7474 696e 1. Before gettin\n+00004270: 6720 756e 7365 7474 6c65 642c 2072 6561 g unsettled, rea\n+00004280: 6420 7468 6973 206d 616e 7561 6c20 7468 d this manual th\n+00004290: 726f 7567 6820 616e 6420 7468 726f 7567 rough and throug\n+000042a0: 682e 0a20 2020 2020 416c 736f 2c20 7365 h.. Also, se\n+000042b0: 6520 7468 6520 474e 5520 4752 5542 2046 e the GNU GRUB F\n+000042c0: 4151 0a20 2020 2020 2868 7474 703a 2f2f AQ. (http://\n+000042d0: 7777 772e 676e 752e 6f72 672f 736f 6674 www.gnu.org/soft\n+000042e0: 7761 7265 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2d66 ware/grub/grub-f\n+000042f0: 6171 2e68 746d 6c29 2e0a 0a20 2032 2e20 aq.html)... 2. \n+00004300: 416c 7761 7973 206d 656e 7469 6f6e 2074 Always mention t\n+00004310: 6865 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f he information o\n+00004320: 6e20 796f 7572 2047 5255 422e 2054 6865 n your GRUB. The\n+00004330: 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 version number \n+00004340: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 6f6e and. the con\n+00004350: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2061 7265 2071 figuration are q\n+00004360: 7569 7465 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 2e20 uite important. \n+00004370: 2049 6620 796f 7520 6275 696c 6420 6974 If you build it\n+00004380: 2079 6f75 7273 656c 662c 0a20 2020 2020 yourself,. \n+00004390: 7772 6974 6520 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e write the option\n+000043a0: 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 746f 2074 s specified to t\n+000043b0: 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 2073 6372 he configure scr\n+000043c0: 6970 7420 616e 6420 796f 7572 0a20 2020 ipt and your. \n+000043d0: 2020 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 operating syst\n+000043e0: 656d 2c20 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 7468 em, including th\n+000043f0: 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e73 206f 6620 6763 e versions of gc\n+00004400: 6320 616e 6420 6269 6e75 7469 6c73 2e0a c and binutils..\n+00004410: 0a20 2033 2e20 4966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 . 3. If you hav\n+00004420: 6520 7472 6f75 626c 6520 7769 7468 2074 e trouble with t\n+00004430: 6865 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e2c he installation,\n+00004440: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d20 7573 206f 6620 686f inform us of ho\n+00004450: 7720 796f 750a 2020 2020 2069 6e73 7461 w you. insta\n+00004460: 6c6c 6564 2047 5255 422e 2044 6f6e 2774 lled GRUB. Don't\n+00004470: 206f 6d69 7420 6572 726f 7220 6d65 7373 omit error mess\n+00004480: 6167 6573 2c20 6966 2061 6e79 2e20 204a ages, if any. J\n+00004490: 7573 7420 e280 9847 5255 420a 2020 2020 ust ...GRUB. \n+000044a0: 2068 616e 6773 2075 7020 7768 656e 2069 hangs up when i\n+000044b0: 7420 626f 6f74 73e2 8099 2069 7320 6e6f t boots... is no\n+000044c0: 7420 656e 6f75 6768 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 t enough... \n+000044d0: 5468 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 The information \n+000044e0: 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6861 7264 7761 7265 on your hardware\n+000044f0: 2069 7320 616c 736f 2065 7373 656e 7469 is also essenti\n+00004500: 616c 2e20 2054 6865 7365 2061 7265 0a20 al. These are. \n+00004510: 2020 2020 6573 7065 6369 616c 6c79 2069 especially i\n+00004520: 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 3a20 7468 6520 6765 mportant: the ge\n+00004530: 6f6d 6574 7269 6573 2061 6e64 2074 6865 ometries and the\n+00004540: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 partition table\n+00004550: 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 796f 7572 2068 s of. your h\n+00004560: 6172 6420 6469 736b 2064 7269 7665 7320 ard disk drives \n+00004570: 616e 6420 796f 7572 2042 494f 532e 0a0a and your BIOS...\n+00004580: 2020 342e 2049 6620 4752 5542 2063 616e 4. If GRUB can\n+00004590: 6e6f 7420 626f 6f74 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 not boot your op\n+000045a0: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2c20 erating system, \n+000045b0: 7772 6974 6520 646f 776e 205f 6576 6572 write down _ever\n+000045c0: 7974 6869 6e67 5f0a 2020 2020 2079 6f75 ything_. you\n+000045d0: 2073 6565 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7363 7265 see on the scre\n+000045e0: 656e 2e20 2044 6f6e 2774 2070 6172 6170 en. Don't parap\n+000045f0: 6872 6173 6520 7468 656d 2c20 6c69 6b65 hrase them, like\n+00004600: 20e2 8098 5468 6520 666f 6f20 4f53 0a20 ...The foo OS. \n+00004610: 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 7769 7468 crashes with\n+00004620: 2047 5255 422c 2065 7665 6e20 7468 6f75 GRUB, even thou\n+00004630: 6768 2069 7420 6361 6e20 626f 6f74 2077 gh it can boot w\n+00004640: 6974 6820 7468 6520 6261 7220 626f 6f74 ith the bar boot\n+00004650: 206c 6f61 6465 720a 2020 2020 206a 7573 loader. jus\n+00004660: 7420 6669 6e65 e280 992e 2020 4d65 6e74 t fine.... Ment\n+00004670: 696f 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 ion the commands\n+00004680: 2079 6f75 2065 7865 6375 7465 642c 2074 you executed, t\n+00004690: 6865 206d 6573 7361 6765 730a 2020 2020 he messages. \n+000046a0: 2070 7269 6e74 6564 2062 7920 7468 656d printed by them\n+000046b0: 2c20 616e 6420 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f , and informatio\n+000046c0: 6e20 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 6572 6174 n on your operat\n+000046d0: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2069 6e63 6c75 ing system inclu\n+000046e0: 6469 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 7665 ding. the ve\n+000046f0: 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 2e0a 0a20 rsion number... \n+00004700: 2035 2e20 4578 706c 6169 6e20 7768 6174 5. Explain what\n+00004710: 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7465 6420 746f 2064 you wanted to d\n+00004720: 6f2e 2020 4974 2069 7320 7665 7279 2075 o. It is very u\n+00004730: 7365 6675 6c20 746f 206b 6e6f 7720 796f seful to know yo\n+00004740: 7572 0a20 2020 2020 7075 7270 6f73 6520 ur. purpose \n+00004750: 616e 6420 796f 7572 2077 6973 682c 2061 and your wish, a\n+00004760: 6e64 2068 6f77 2047 5255 4220 6469 646e nd how GRUB didn\n+00004770: 2774 2073 6174 6973 6679 2079 6f75 2e0a 't satisfy you..\n+00004780: 0a20 2036 2e20 4966 2079 6f75 2063 616e . 6. If you can\n+00004790: 2069 6e76 6573 7469 6761 7465 2074 6865 investigate the\n+000047a0: 2070 726f 626c 656d 2079 6f75 7273 656c problem yoursel\n+000047b0: 662c 2070 6c65 6173 6520 646f 2e20 2054 f, please do. T\n+000047c0: 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 6769 hat will. gi\n+000047d0: 7665 2079 6f75 2061 6e64 2075 7320 6d75 ve you and us mu\n+000047e0: 6368 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 ch more informat\n+000047f0: 696f 6e20 6f6e 2074 6865 2070 726f 626c ion on the probl\n+00004800: 656d 2e20 2041 7474 6163 6869 6e67 2061 em. Attaching a\n+00004810: 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7463 6820 6973 2065 . patch is e\n+00004820: 7665 6e20 6265 7474 6572 2e0a 0a20 2020 ven better... \n+00004830: 2020 5768 656e 2079 6f75 2061 7474 6163 When you attac\n+00004840: 6820 6120 7061 7463 682c 206d 616b 6520 h a patch, make \n+00004850: 7468 6520 7061 7463 6820 696e 2075 6e69 the patch in uni\n+00004860: 6669 6564 2064 6966 6620 666f 726d 6174 fied diff format\n+00004870: 2c20 616e 640a 2020 2020 2077 7269 7465 , and. write\n+00004880: 2043 6861 6e67 654c 6f67 2065 6e74 7269 ChangeLog entri\n+00004890: 6573 2e20 2042 7574 2c20 6576 656e 2077 es. But, even w\n+000048a0: 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6d61 6b65 2061 2070 hen you make a p\n+000048b0: 6174 6368 2c20 646f 6e27 740a 2020 2020 atch, don't. \n+000048c0: 2066 6f72 6765 7420 746f 2065 7870 6c61 forget to expla\n+000048d0: 696e 2074 6865 2070 726f 626c 656d 2c20 in the problem, \n+000048e0: 736f 2074 6861 7420 7765 2063 616e 2075 so that we can u\n+000048f0: 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6420 7768 6174 2079 nderstand what y\n+00004900: 6f75 720a 2020 2020 2070 6174 6368 2069 our. patch i\n+00004910: 7320 666f 722e 0a0a 2020 372e 2057 7269 s for... 7. Wri\n+00004920: 7465 2064 6f77 6e20 616e 7974 6869 6e67 te down anything\n+00004930: 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 7468 696e 6b20 that you think \n+00004940: 6d69 6768 7420 6265 2072 656c 6174 6564 might be related\n+00004950: 2e20 2050 6c65 6173 650a 2020 2020 2075 . Please. u\n+00004960: 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6420 7468 6174 2077 nderstand that w\n+00004970: 6520 6f66 7465 6e20 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 e often need to \n+00004980: 7265 7072 6f64 7563 6520 7468 6520 7361 reproduce the sa\n+00004990: 6d65 2070 726f 626c 656d 2079 6f75 0a20 me problem you. \n+000049a0: 2020 2020 656e 636f 756e 7465 7265 6420 encountered \n+000049b0: 696e 206f 7572 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 in our environme\n+000049c0: 6e74 2e20 2053 6f20 796f 7572 2069 6e66 nt. So your inf\n+000049d0: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2073 686f 756c 6420 ormation should \n+000049e0: 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7375 6666 6963 6965 be. sufficie\n+000049f0: 6e74 2066 6f72 2075 7320 746f 2064 6f20 nt for us to do \n+00004a00: 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2074 6869 6e67 2d2d the same thing--\n+00004a10: 446f 6e27 7420 666f 7267 6574 2074 6861 Don't forget tha\n+00004a20: 7420 7765 2063 616e 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 t we cannot. \n+00004a30: 2073 6565 2079 6f75 7220 636f 6d70 7574 see your comput\n+00004a40: 6572 2064 6972 6563 746c 792e 2020 4966 er directly. If\n+00004a50: 2079 6f75 2061 7265 206e 6f74 2073 7572 you are not sur\n+00004a60: 6520 7768 6574 6865 7220 746f 2073 7461 e whether to sta\n+00004a70: 7465 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6661 6374 206f te a. fact o\n+00004a80: 7220 6c65 6176 6520 6974 206f 7574 2c20 r leave it out, \n+00004a90: 7374 6174 6520 6974 2120 2052 6570 6f72 state it! Repor\n+00004aa0: 7469 6e67 2074 6f6f 206d 616e 7920 7468 ting too many th\n+00004ab0: 696e 6773 2069 7320 6d75 6368 0a20 2020 ings is much. \n+00004ac0: 2020 6265 7474 6572 2074 6861 6e20 6f6d better than om\n+00004ad0: 6974 7469 6e67 2073 6f6d 6574 6869 6e67 itting something\n+00004ae0: 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 2e0a 0a20 2020 important... \n+00004af0: 4966 2079 6f75 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7720 7468 If you follow th\n+00004b00: 6520 6775 6964 656c 696e 6520 6162 6f76 e guideline abov\n+00004b10: 652c 2073 7562 6d69 7420 6120 7265 706f e, submit a repo\n+00004b20: 7274 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4275 670a 5472 rt to the Bug.Tr\n+00004b30: 6163 6b69 6e67 2053 7973 7465 6d20 2868 acking System (h\n+00004b40: 7474 703a 2f2f 7361 7661 6e6e 6168 2e67 ttp://savannah.g\n+00004b50: 6e75 2e6f 7267 2f62 7567 732f 3f67 726f nu.org/bugs/?gro\n+00004b60: 7570 3d67 7275 6229 2e0a 416c 7465 726e up=grub)..Altern\n+00004b70: 6174 6976 656c 792c 2079 6f75 2063 616e atively, you can\n+00004b80: 2073 7562 6d69 7420 6120 7265 706f 7274 submit a report\n+00004b90: 2076 6961 2065 6c65 6374 726f 6e69 6320 via electronic \n+00004ba0: 6d61 696c 2074 6f0a 3c62 7567 2d67 7275 mail to., but \n+00004bc0: 7765 2073 7472 6f6e 676c 7920 7265 636f we strongly reco\n+00004bd0: 6d6d 656e 6420 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2075 mmend that you u\n+00004be0: 7365 2074 6865 2042 7567 0a54 7261 636b se the Bug.Track\n+00004bf0: 696e 6720 5379 7374 656d 2c20 6265 6361 ing System, beca\n+00004c00: 7573 6520 652d 6d61 696c 2063 616e 2062 use e-mail can b\n+00004c10: 6520 7061 7373 6564 206f 7665 7220 6561 e passed over ea\n+00004c20: 7369 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f6e 6365 2077 sily... Once w\n+00004c30: 6520 6765 7420 796f 7572 2072 6570 6f72 e get your repor\n+00004c40: 742c 2077 6520 7769 6c6c 2074 7279 2074 t, we will try t\n+00004c50: 6f20 6669 7820 7468 6520 6275 6773 2e0a o fix the bugs..\n+00004c60: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00004c70: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 7574 7572 fo, Node: Futur\n+00004c80: 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 436f 7079 696e e, Next: Copyin\n+00004c90: 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 6c2c 2020 g This Manual, \n+00004ca0: 5072 6576 3a20 5265 706f 7274 696e 6720 Prev: Reporting \n+00004cb0: 6275 6773 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a bugs, Up: Top..\n+00004cc0: 4170 7065 6e64 6978 2043 2057 6865 7265 Appendix C Where\n+00004cd0: 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2067 6f0a 2a2a GRUB will go.**\n 00004ce0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00004cf0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a47 *************..G\n-00004d00: 5255 4220 3220 6973 206e 6f77 2071 7569 RUB 2 is now qui\n-00004d10: 7465 2073 7461 626c 6520 616e 6420 7573 te stable and us\n-00004d20: 6564 2069 6e20 6d61 6e79 2070 726f 6475 ed in many produ\n-00004d30: 6374 696f 6e20 7379 7374 656d 732e 2020 ction systems. \n-00004d40: 5765 2061 7265 0a63 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 We are.currently\n-00004d50: 2077 6f72 6b69 6e67 2074 6f77 6172 6473 working towards\n-00004d60: 2061 2032 2e30 2072 656c 6561 7365 2e0a a 2.0 release..\n-00004d70: 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2061 7265 2069 . If you are i\n-00004d80: 6e74 6572 6573 7465 6420 696e 2074 6865 nterested in the\n-00004d90: 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 206f 6620 development of \n-00004da0: 4752 5542 2032 2c20 7461 6b65 2061 206c GRUB 2, take a l\n-00004db0: 6f6f 6b20 6174 0a74 6865 2068 6f6d 6570 ook at.the homep\n-00004dc0: 6167 6520 2868 7474 703a 2f2f 7777 772e age (http://www.\n-00004dd0: 676e 752e 6f72 672f 736f 6674 7761 7265 gnu.org/software\n-00004de0: 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e68 746d 6c29 /grub/grub.html)\n-00004df0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00004e00: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6f70 info, Node: Cop\n-00004e10: 7969 6e67 2054 6869 7320 4d61 6e75 616c ying This Manual\n-00004e20: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e64 6578 2c20 , Next: Index, \n-00004e30: 2050 7265 763a 2046 7574 7572 652c 2020 Prev: Future, \n-00004e40: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a41 7070 656e 6469 Up: Top..Appendi\n-00004e50: 7820 4420 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 x D Copying This\n-00004e60: 204d 616e 7561 6c0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a Manual.********\n+00004cf0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a47 5255 ***********..GRU\n+00004d00: 4220 3220 6973 206e 6f77 2071 7569 7465 B 2 is now quite\n+00004d10: 2073 7461 626c 6520 616e 6420 7573 6564 stable and used\n+00004d20: 2069 6e20 6d61 6e79 2070 726f 6475 6374 in many product\n+00004d30: 696f 6e20 7379 7374 656d 732e 2020 5765 ion systems. We\n+00004d40: 2061 7265 0a63 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2077 are.currently w\n+00004d50: 6f72 6b69 6e67 2074 6f77 6172 6473 2061 orking towards a\n+00004d60: 2032 2e30 2072 656c 6561 7365 2e0a 0a20 2.0 release... \n+00004d70: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2061 7265 2069 6e74 If you are int\n+00004d80: 6572 6573 7465 6420 696e 2074 6865 2064 erested in the d\n+00004d90: 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 206f 6620 4752 evelopment of GR\n+00004da0: 5542 2032 2c20 7461 6b65 2061 206c 6f6f UB 2, take a loo\n+00004db0: 6b20 6174 0a74 6865 2068 6f6d 6570 6167 k at.the homepag\n+00004dc0: 6520 2868 7474 703a 2f2f 7777 772e 676e e (http://www.gn\n+00004dd0: 752e 6f72 672f 736f 6674 7761 7265 2f67 u.org/software/g\n+00004de0: 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e68 746d 6c29 2e0a rub/grub.html)..\n+00004df0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00004e00: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6f70 7969 fo, Node: Copyi\n+00004e10: 6e67 2054 6869 7320 4d61 6e75 616c 2c20 ng This Manual, \n+00004e20: 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e64 6578 2c20 2050 Next: Index, P\n+00004e30: 7265 763a 2046 7574 7572 652c 2020 5570 rev: Future, Up\n+00004e40: 3a20 546f 700a 0a41 7070 656e 6469 7820 : Top..Appendix \n+00004e50: 4420 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d D Copying This M\n+00004e60: 616e 7561 6c0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a anual.**********\n 00004e70: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00004e80: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a ******..* Menu:.\n-00004e90: 0a2a 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 446f 6375 .* GNU Free Docu\n-00004ea0: 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 6e73 mentation Licens\n-00004eb0: 653a 3a20 204c 6963 656e 7365 2066 6f72 e:: License for\n-00004ec0: 2063 6f70 7969 6e67 2074 6869 7320 6d61 copying this ma\n-00004ed0: 6e75 616c 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 nual.....File: g\n-00004ee0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00004ef0: 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 446f 6375 6d65 GNU Free Docume\n-00004f00: 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 6e73 652c ntation License,\n-00004f10: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 Up: Copying Th\n-00004f20: 6973 204d 616e 7561 6c0a 0a44 2e31 2047 is Manual..D.1 G\n-00004f30: 4e55 2046 7265 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 NU Free Document\n-00004f40: 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 6e73 650a 3d3d ation License.==\n+00004e80: 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a ****..* Menu:..*\n+00004e90: 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 446f 6375 6d65 GNU Free Docume\n+00004ea0: 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 6e73 653a ntation License:\n+00004eb0: 3a20 204c 6963 656e 7365 2066 6f72 2063 : License for c\n+00004ec0: 6f70 7969 6e67 2074 6869 7320 6d61 6e75 opying this manu\n+00004ed0: 616c 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 al.....File: gru\n+00004ee0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2047 b.info, Node: G\n+00004ef0: 4e55 2046 7265 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 NU Free Document\n+00004f00: 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 6e73 652c 2020 ation License, \n+00004f10: 5570 3a20 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 Up: Copying This\n+00004f20: 204d 616e 7561 6c0a 0a44 2e31 2047 4e55 Manual..D.1 GNU\n+00004f30: 2046 7265 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 Free Documentat\n+00004f40: 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 6e73 650a 3d3d 3d3d ion License.====\n 00004f50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00004f60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00004f70: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .. \n-00004f80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5665 7273 696f 6e20 Version \n-00004f90: 312e 322c 204e 6f76 656d 6265 7220 3230 1.2, November 20\n-00004fa0: 3032 0a0a 2020 2020 2043 6f70 7972 6967 02.. Copyrig\n-00004fb0: 6874 20c2 a920 3230 3030 2c32 3030 312c ht .. 2000,2001,\n-00004fc0: 3230 3032 2046 7265 6520 536f 6674 7761 2002 Free Softwa\n-00004fd0: 7265 2046 6f75 6e64 6174 696f 6e2c 2049 re Foundation, I\n-00004fe0: 6e63 2e0a 2020 2020 2035 3120 4672 616e nc.. 51 Fran\n-00004ff0: 6b6c 696e 2053 742c 2046 6966 7468 2046 klin St, Fifth F\n-00005000: 6c6f 6f72 2c20 426f 7374 6f6e 2c20 4d41 loor, Boston, MA\n-00005010: 2020 3032 3131 302d 3133 3031 2c20 5553 02110-1301, US\n-00005020: 410a 0a20 2020 2020 4576 6572 796f 6e65 A.. Everyone\n-00005030: 2069 7320 7065 726d 6974 7465 6420 746f is permitted to\n-00005040: 2063 6f70 7920 616e 6420 6469 7374 7269 copy and distri\n-00005050: 6275 7465 2076 6572 6261 7469 6d20 636f bute verbatim co\n-00005060: 7069 6573 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2074 6869 pies. of thi\n-00005070: 7320 6c69 6365 6e73 6520 646f 6375 6d65 s license docume\n-00005080: 6e74 2c20 6275 7420 6368 616e 6769 6e67 nt, but changing\n-00005090: 2069 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 it is not allow\n-000050a0: 6564 2e0a 0a20 2030 2e20 5052 4541 4d42 ed... 0. PREAMB\n-000050b0: 4c45 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2070 7572 LE.. The pur\n-000050c0: 706f 7365 206f 6620 7468 6973 204c 6963 pose of this Lic\n-000050d0: 656e 7365 2069 7320 746f 206d 616b 6520 ense is to make \n-000050e0: 6120 6d61 6e75 616c 2c20 7465 7874 626f a manual, textbo\n-000050f0: 6f6b 2c20 6f72 206f 7468 6572 0a20 2020 ok, or other. \n-00005100: 2020 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 2061 6e64 functional and\n-00005110: 2075 7365 6675 6c20 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 useful document\n-00005120: 20e2 809c 6672 6565 e280 9d20 696e 2074 ...free... in t\n-00005130: 6865 2073 656e 7365 206f 6620 6672 6565 he sense of free\n-00005140: 646f 6d3a 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2061 7373 dom: to. ass\n-00005150: 7572 6520 6576 6572 796f 6e65 2074 6865 ure everyone the\n-00005160: 2065 6666 6563 7469 7665 2066 7265 6564 effective freed\n-00005170: 6f6d 2074 6f20 636f 7079 2061 6e64 2072 om to copy and r\n-00005180: 6564 6973 7472 6962 7574 6520 6974 2c0a edistribute it,.\n-00005190: 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 6f72 2077 6974 with or wit\n-000051a0: 686f 7574 206d 6f64 6966 7969 6e67 2069 hout modifying i\n-000051b0: 742c 2065 6974 6865 7220 636f 6d6d 6572 t, either commer\n-000051c0: 6369 616c 6c79 206f 720a 2020 2020 206e cially or. n\n-000051d0: 6f6e 636f 6d6d 6572 6369 616c 6c79 2e20 oncommercially. \n-000051e0: 2053 6563 6f6e 6461 7269 6c79 2c20 7468 Secondarily, th\n-000051f0: 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2070 7265 7365 is License prese\n-00005200: 7276 6573 2066 6f72 2074 6865 0a20 2020 rves for the. \n-00005210: 2020 6175 7468 6f72 2061 6e64 2070 7562 author and pub\n-00005220: 6c69 7368 6572 2061 2077 6179 2074 6f20 lisher a way to \n-00005230: 6765 7420 6372 6564 6974 2066 6f72 2074 get credit for t\n-00005240: 6865 6972 2077 6f72 6b2c 2077 6869 6c65 heir work, while\n-00005250: 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6265 696e 6720 not. being \n-00005260: 636f 6e73 6964 6572 6564 2072 6573 706f considered respo\n-00005270: 6e73 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 206d 6f64 6966 nsible for modif\n-00005280: 6963 6174 696f 6e73 206d 6164 6520 6279 ications made by\n-00005290: 206f 7468 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 others... T\n-000052a0: 6869 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 6973 2061 his License is a\n-000052b0: 206b 696e 6420 6f66 2022 636f 7079 6c65 kind of \"copyle\n-000052c0: 6674 222c 2077 6869 6368 206d 6561 6e73 ft\", which means\n-000052d0: 2074 6861 7420 6465 7269 7661 7469 7665 that derivative\n-000052e0: 0a20 2020 2020 776f 726b 7320 6f66 2074 . works of t\n-000052f0: 6865 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6d75 7374 he document must\n-00005300: 2074 6865 6d73 656c 7665 7320 6265 2066 themselves be f\n-00005310: 7265 6520 696e 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 ree in the same \n-00005320: 7365 6e73 652e 0a20 2020 2020 4974 2063 sense.. It c\n-00005330: 6f6d 706c 656d 656e 7473 2074 6865 2047 omplements the G\n-00005340: 4e55 2047 656e 6572 616c 2050 7562 6c69 NU General Publi\n-00005350: 6320 4c69 6365 6e73 652c 2077 6869 6368 c License, which\n-00005360: 2069 7320 6120 636f 7079 6c65 6674 0a20 is a copyleft. \n-00005370: 2020 2020 6c69 6365 6e73 6520 6465 7369 license desi\n-00005380: 676e 6564 2066 6f72 2066 7265 6520 736f gned for free so\n-00005390: 6674 7761 7265 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5765 ftware... We\n-000053a0: 2068 6176 6520 6465 7369 676e 6564 2074 have designed t\n-000053b0: 6869 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 696e 206f his License in o\n-000053c0: 7264 6572 2074 6f20 7573 6520 6974 2066 rder to use it f\n-000053d0: 6f72 206d 616e 7561 6c73 2066 6f72 0a20 or manuals for. \n-000053e0: 2020 2020 6672 6565 2073 6f66 7477 6172 free softwar\n-000053f0: 652c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2066 7265 6520 e, because free \n-00005400: 736f 6674 7761 7265 206e 6565 6473 2066 software needs f\n-00005410: 7265 6520 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f ree documentatio\n-00005420: 6e3a 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6672 6565 2070 n: a. free p\n-00005430: 726f 6772 616d 2073 686f 756c 6420 636f rogram should co\n-00005440: 6d65 2077 6974 6820 6d61 6e75 616c 7320 me with manuals \n-00005450: 7072 6f76 6964 696e 6720 7468 6520 7361 providing the sa\n-00005460: 6d65 2066 7265 6564 6f6d 730a 2020 2020 me freedoms. \n-00005470: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 736f 6674 7761 that the softwa\n-00005480: 7265 2064 6f65 732e 2020 4275 7420 7468 re does. But th\n-00005490: 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2069 7320 6e6f is License is no\n-000054a0: 7420 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 0a20 2020 t limited to. \n-000054b0: 2020 736f 6674 7761 7265 206d 616e 7561 software manua\n-000054c0: 6c73 3b20 6974 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 ls; it can be us\n-000054d0: 6564 2066 6f72 2061 6e79 2074 6578 7475 ed for any textu\n-000054e0: 616c 2077 6f72 6b2c 2072 6567 6172 646c al work, regardl\n-000054f0: 6573 730a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7375 626a ess. of subj\n-00005500: 6563 7420 6d61 7474 6572 206f 7220 7768 ect matter or wh\n-00005510: 6574 6865 7220 6974 2069 7320 7075 626c ether it is publ\n-00005520: 6973 6865 6420 6173 2061 2070 7269 6e74 ished as a print\n-00005530: 6564 2062 6f6f 6b2e 2020 5765 0a20 2020 ed book. We. \n-00005540: 2020 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6420 7468 6973 recommend this\n-00005550: 204c 6963 656e 7365 2070 7269 6e63 6970 License princip\n-00005560: 616c 6c79 2066 6f72 2077 6f72 6b73 2077 ally for works w\n-00005570: 686f 7365 2070 7572 706f 7365 2069 730a hose purpose is.\n-00005580: 2020 2020 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e instruction\n-00005590: 206f 7220 7265 6665 7265 6e63 652e 0a0a or reference...\n-000055a0: 2020 312e 2041 5050 4c49 4341 4249 4c49 1. APPLICABILI\n-000055b0: 5459 2041 4e44 2044 4546 494e 4954 494f TY AND DEFINITIO\n-000055c0: 4e53 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 4c69 NS.. This Li\n-000055d0: 6365 6e73 6520 6170 706c 6965 7320 746f cense applies to\n-000055e0: 2061 6e79 206d 616e 7561 6c20 6f72 206f any manual or o\n-000055f0: 7468 6572 2077 6f72 6b2c 2069 6e20 616e ther work, in an\n-00005600: 7920 6d65 6469 756d 2c0a 2020 2020 2074 y medium,. t\n-00005610: 6861 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2061 206e hat contains a n\n-00005620: 6f74 6963 6520 706c 6163 6564 2062 7920 otice placed by \n-00005630: 7468 6520 636f 7079 7269 6768 7420 686f the copyright ho\n-00005640: 6c64 6572 2073 6179 696e 6720 6974 2063 lder saying it c\n-00005650: 616e 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2064 6973 7472 an. be distr\n-00005660: 6962 7574 6564 2075 6e64 6572 2074 6865 ibuted under the\n-00005670: 2074 6572 6d73 206f 6620 7468 6973 204c terms of this L\n-00005680: 6963 656e 7365 2e20 2053 7563 6820 6120 icense. Such a \n-00005690: 6e6f 7469 6365 0a20 2020 2020 6772 616e notice. gran\n-000056a0: 7473 2061 2077 6f72 6c64 2d77 6964 652c ts a world-wide,\n-000056b0: 2072 6f79 616c 7479 2d66 7265 6520 6c69 royalty-free li\n-000056c0: 6365 6e73 652c 2075 6e6c 696d 6974 6564 cense, unlimited\n-000056d0: 2069 6e20 6475 7261 7469 6f6e 2c0a 2020 in duration,. \n-000056e0: 2020 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6174 2077 to use that w\n-000056f0: 6f72 6b20 756e 6465 7220 7468 6520 636f ork under the co\n-00005700: 6e64 6974 696f 6e73 2073 7461 7465 6420 nditions stated \n-00005710: 6865 7265 696e 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 herein. The. \n-00005720: 2020 2244 6f63 756d 656e 7422 2c20 6265 \"Document\", be\n-00005730: 6c6f 772c 2072 6566 6572 7320 746f 2061 low, refers to a\n-00005740: 6e79 2073 7563 6820 6d61 6e75 616c 206f ny such manual o\n-00005750: 7220 776f 726b 2e20 2041 6e79 206d 656d r work. Any mem\n-00005760: 6265 720a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7468 6520 ber. of the \n-00005770: 7075 626c 6963 2069 7320 6120 6c69 6365 public is a lice\n-00005780: 6e73 6565 2c20 616e 6420 6973 2061 6464 nsee, and is add\n-00005790: 7265 7373 6564 2061 7320 2279 6f75 222e ressed as \"you\".\n-000057a0: 2020 596f 7520 6163 6365 7074 0a20 2020 You accept. \n-000057b0: 2020 7468 6520 6c69 6365 6e73 6520 6966 the license if\n-000057c0: 2079 6f75 2063 6f70 792c 206d 6f64 6966 you copy, modif\n-000057d0: 7920 6f72 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6520 y or distribute \n-000057e0: 7468 6520 776f 726b 2069 6e20 6120 7761 the work in a wa\n-000057f0: 790a 2020 2020 2072 6571 7569 7269 6e67 y. requiring\n-00005800: 2070 6572 6d69 7373 696f 6e20 756e 6465 permission unde\n-00005810: 7220 636f 7079 7269 6768 7420 6c61 772e r copyright law.\n-00005820: 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 2022 4d6f 6469 6669 .. A \"Modifi\n-00005830: 6564 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2220 6f66 2074 ed Version\" of t\n-00005840: 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6d65 616e he Document mean\n-00005850: 7320 616e 7920 776f 726b 2063 6f6e 7461 s any work conta\n-00005860: 696e 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 2020 2044 ining the. D\n-00005870: 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6f72 2061 2070 6f72 ocument or a por\n-00005880: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 6974 2c20 6569 7468 tion of it, eith\n-00005890: 6572 2063 6f70 6965 6420 7665 7262 6174 er copied verbat\n-000058a0: 696d 2c20 6f72 2077 6974 680a 2020 2020 im, or with. \n-000058b0: 206d 6f64 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e73 2061 modifications a\n-000058c0: 6e64 2f6f 7220 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 nd/or translated\n-000058d0: 2069 6e74 6f20 616e 6f74 6865 7220 6c61 into another la\n-000058e0: 6e67 7561 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4120 nguage... A \n-000058f0: 2253 6563 6f6e 6461 7279 2053 6563 7469 \"Secondary Secti\n-00005900: 6f6e 2220 6973 2061 206e 616d 6564 2061 on\" is a named a\n-00005910: 7070 656e 6469 7820 6f72 2061 2066 726f ppendix or a fro\n-00005920: 6e74 2d6d 6174 7465 7220 7365 6374 696f nt-matter sectio\n-00005930: 6e0a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7468 6520 446f n. of the Do\n-00005940: 6375 6d65 6e74 2074 6861 7420 6465 616c cument that deal\n-00005950: 7320 6578 636c 7573 6976 656c 7920 7769 s exclusively wi\n-00005960: 7468 2074 6865 2072 656c 6174 696f 6e73 th the relations\n-00005970: 6869 7020 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 hip of the. \n-00005980: 7075 626c 6973 6865 7273 206f 7220 6175 publishers or au\n-00005990: 7468 6f72 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2044 6f63 thors of the Doc\n-000059a0: 756d 656e 7420 746f 2074 6865 2044 6f63 ument to the Doc\n-000059b0: 756d 656e 7427 7320 6f76 6572 616c 6c0a ument's overall.\n-000059c0: 2020 2020 2073 7562 6a65 6374 2028 6f72 subject (or\n-000059d0: 2074 6f20 7265 6c61 7465 6420 6d61 7474 to related matt\n-000059e0: 6572 7329 2061 6e64 2063 6f6e 7461 696e ers) and contain\n-000059f0: 7320 6e6f 7468 696e 6720 7468 6174 2063 s nothing that c\n-00005a00: 6f75 6c64 0a20 2020 2020 6661 6c6c 2064 ould. fall d\n-00005a10: 6972 6563 746c 7920 7769 7468 696e 2074 irectly within t\n-00005a20: 6861 7420 6f76 6572 616c 6c20 7375 626a hat overall subj\n-00005a30: 6563 742e 2020 2854 6875 732c 2069 6620 ect. (Thus, if \n-00005a40: 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 0a20 2020 the Document. \n-00005a50: 2020 6973 2069 6e20 7061 7274 2061 2074 is in part a t\n-00005a60: 6578 7462 6f6f 6b20 6f66 206d 6174 6865 extbook of mathe\n-00005a70: 6d61 7469 6373 2c20 6120 5365 636f 6e64 matics, a Second\n-00005a80: 6172 7920 5365 6374 696f 6e20 6d61 7920 ary Section may \n-00005a90: 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2065 7870 6c61 696e not. explain\n-00005aa0: 2061 6e79 206d 6174 6865 6d61 7469 6373 any mathematics\n-00005ab0: 2e29 2020 5468 6520 7265 6c61 7469 6f6e .) The relation\n-00005ac0: 7368 6970 2063 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6120 ship could be a \n-00005ad0: 6d61 7474 6572 206f 660a 2020 2020 2068 matter of. h\n-00005ae0: 6973 746f 7269 6361 6c20 636f 6e6e 6563 istorical connec\n-00005af0: 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 7375 tion with the su\n-00005b00: 626a 6563 7420 6f72 2077 6974 6820 7265 bject or with re\n-00005b10: 6c61 7465 6420 6d61 7474 6572 732c 206f lated matters, o\n-00005b20: 720a 2020 2020 206f 6620 6c65 6761 6c2c r. of legal,\n-00005b30: 2063 6f6d 6d65 7263 6961 6c2c 2070 6869 commercial, phi\n-00005b40: 6c6f 736f 7068 6963 616c 2c20 6574 6869 losophical, ethi\n-00005b50: 6361 6c20 6f72 2070 6f6c 6974 6963 616c cal or political\n-00005b60: 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2072 position. r\n-00005b70: 6567 6172 6469 6e67 2074 6865 6d2e 0a0a egarding them...\n-00005b80: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2022 496e 7661 7269 The \"Invari\n-00005b90: 616e 7420 5365 6374 696f 6e73 2220 6172 ant Sections\" ar\n-00005ba0: 6520 6365 7274 6169 6e20 5365 636f 6e64 e certain Second\n-00005bb0: 6172 7920 5365 6374 696f 6e73 2077 686f ary Sections who\n-00005bc0: 7365 0a20 2020 2020 7469 746c 6573 2061 se. titles a\n-00005bd0: 7265 2064 6573 6967 6e61 7465 642c 2061 re designated, a\n-00005be0: 7320 6265 696e 6720 7468 6f73 6520 6f66 s being those of\n-00005bf0: 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 2053 6563 7469 Invariant Secti\n-00005c00: 6f6e 732c 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 ons, in the. \n-00005c10: 206e 6f74 6963 6520 7468 6174 2073 6179 notice that say\n-00005c20: 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d s that the Docum\n-00005c30: 656e 7420 6973 2072 656c 6561 7365 6420 ent is released \n-00005c40: 756e 6465 7220 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e under this Licen\n-00005c50: 7365 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 6120 7365 se.. If a se\n-00005c60: 6374 696f 6e20 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2066 ction does not f\n-00005c70: 6974 2074 6865 2061 626f 7665 2064 6566 it the above def\n-00005c80: 696e 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2053 6563 6f6e inition of Secon\n-00005c90: 6461 7279 2074 6865 6e20 6974 0a20 2020 dary then it. \n-00005ca0: 2020 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 is not allowed\n-00005cb0: 2074 6f20 6265 2064 6573 6967 6e61 7465 to be designate\n-00005cc0: 6420 6173 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 2e20 d as Invariant. \n-00005cd0: 2054 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6d61 The Document ma\n-00005ce0: 790a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 207a y. contain z\n-00005cf0: 6572 6f20 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 ero Invariant Se\n-00005d00: 6374 696f 6e73 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 ctions. 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It com\n+00005330: 706c 656d 656e 7473 2074 6865 2047 4e55 plements the GNU\n+00005340: 2047 656e 6572 616c 2050 7562 6c69 6320 General Public \n+00005350: 4c69 6365 6e73 652c 2077 6869 6368 2069 License, which i\n+00005360: 7320 6120 636f 7079 6c65 6674 0a20 2020 s a copyleft. \n+00005370: 2020 6c69 6365 6e73 6520 6465 7369 676e license design\n+00005380: 6564 2066 6f72 2066 7265 6520 736f 6674 ed for free soft\n+00005390: 7761 7265 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5765 2068 ware... 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We. \n+00005540: 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6420 7468 6973 204c recommend this L\n+00005550: 6963 656e 7365 2070 7269 6e63 6970 616c icense principal\n+00005560: 6c79 2066 6f72 2077 6f72 6b73 2077 686f ly for works who\n+00005570: 7365 2070 7572 706f 7365 2069 730a 2020 se purpose is. \n+00005580: 2020 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 206f instruction o\n+00005590: 7220 7265 6665 7265 6e63 652e 0a0a 2020 r reference... \n+000055a0: 312e 2041 5050 4c49 4341 4249 4c49 5459 1. APPLICABILITY\n+000055b0: 2041 4e44 2044 4546 494e 4954 494f 4e53 AND DEFINITIONS\n+000055c0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 4c69 6365 .. This Lice\n+000055d0: 6e73 6520 6170 706c 6965 7320 746f 2061 nse applies to a\n+000055e0: 6e79 206d 616e 7561 6c20 6f72 206f 7468 ny manual or oth\n+000055f0: 6572 2077 6f72 6b2c 2069 6e20 616e 7920 er work, in any \n+00005600: 6d65 6469 756d 2c0a 2020 2020 2074 6861 medium,. tha\n+00005610: 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2061 206e 6f74 t contains a not\n+00005620: 6963 6520 706c 6163 6564 2062 7920 7468 ice placed by th\n+00005630: 6520 636f 7079 7269 6768 7420 686f 6c64 e copyright hold\n+00005640: 6572 2073 6179 696e 6720 6974 2063 616e er saying it can\n+00005650: 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2064 6973 7472 6962 . be distrib\n+00005660: 7574 6564 2075 6e64 6572 2074 6865 2074 uted under the t\n+00005670: 6572 6d73 206f 6620 7468 6973 204c 6963 erms of this Lic\n+00005680: 656e 7365 2e20 2053 7563 6820 6120 6e6f ense. Such a no\n+00005690: 7469 6365 0a20 2020 2020 6772 616e 7473 tice. grants\n+000056a0: 2061 2077 6f72 6c64 2d77 6964 652c 2072 a world-wide, r\n+000056b0: 6f79 616c 7479 2d66 7265 6520 6c69 6365 oyalty-free lice\n+000056c0: 6e73 652c 2075 6e6c 696d 6974 6564 2069 nse, unlimited i\n+000056d0: 6e20 6475 7261 7469 6f6e 2c0a 2020 2020 n duration,. \n+000056e0: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6174 2077 6f72 to use that wor\n+000056f0: 6b20 756e 6465 7220 7468 6520 636f 6e64 k under the cond\n+00005700: 6974 696f 6e73 2073 7461 7465 6420 6865 itions stated he\n+00005710: 7265 696e 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 rein. The. \n+00005720: 2244 6f63 756d 656e 7422 2c20 6265 6c6f \"Document\", belo\n+00005730: 772c 2072 6566 6572 7320 746f 2061 6e79 w, refers to any\n+00005740: 2073 7563 6820 6d61 6e75 616c 206f 7220 such manual or \n+00005750: 776f 726b 2e20 2041 6e79 206d 656d 6265 work. Any membe\n+00005760: 720a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7468 6520 7075 r. of the pu\n+00005770: 626c 6963 2069 7320 6120 6c69 6365 6e73 blic is a licens\n+00005780: 6565 2c20 616e 6420 6973 2061 6464 7265 ee, and is addre\n+00005790: 7373 6564 2061 7320 2279 6f75 222e 2020 ssed as \"you\". \n+000057a0: 596f 7520 6163 6365 7074 0a20 2020 2020 You accept. \n+000057b0: 7468 6520 6c69 6365 6e73 6520 6966 2079 the license if y\n+000057c0: 6f75 2063 6f70 792c 206d 6f64 6966 7920 ou copy, modify \n+000057d0: 6f72 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6520 7468 or distribute th\n+000057e0: 6520 776f 726b 2069 6e20 6120 7761 790a e work in a way.\n+000057f0: 2020 2020 2072 6571 7569 7269 6e67 2070 requiring p\n+00005800: 6572 6d69 7373 696f 6e20 756e 6465 7220 ermission under \n+00005810: 636f 7079 7269 6768 7420 6c61 772e 0a0a copyright law...\n+00005820: 2020 2020 2041 2022 4d6f 6469 6669 6564 A \"Modified\n+00005830: 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2220 6f66 2074 6865 Version\" of the\n+00005840: 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6d65 616e 7320 Document means \n+00005850: 616e 7920 776f 726b 2063 6f6e 7461 696e any work contain\n+00005860: 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 2020 2044 6f63 ing the. Doc\n+00005870: 756d 656e 7420 6f72 2061 2070 6f72 7469 ument or a porti\n+00005880: 6f6e 206f 6620 6974 2c20 6569 7468 6572 on of it, either\n+00005890: 2063 6f70 6965 6420 7665 7262 6174 696d copied verbatim\n+000058a0: 2c20 6f72 2077 6974 680a 2020 2020 206d , or with. m\n+000058b0: 6f64 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 odifications and\n+000058c0: 2f6f 7220 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 2069 /or translated i\n+000058d0: 6e74 6f20 616e 6f74 6865 7220 6c61 6e67 nto another lang\n+000058e0: 7561 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4120 2253 uage... A \"S\n+000058f0: 6563 6f6e 6461 7279 2053 6563 7469 6f6e econdary Section\n+00005900: 2220 6973 2061 206e 616d 6564 2061 7070 \" is a named app\n+00005910: 656e 6469 7820 6f72 2061 2066 726f 6e74 endix or a front\n+00005920: 2d6d 6174 7465 7220 7365 6374 696f 6e0a -matter section.\n+00005930: 2020 2020 206f 6620 7468 6520 446f 6375 of the Docu\n+00005940: 6d65 6e74 2074 6861 7420 6465 616c 7320 ment that deals \n+00005950: 6578 636c 7573 6976 656c 7920 7769 7468 exclusively with\n+00005960: 2074 6865 2072 656c 6174 696f 6e73 6869 the relationshi\n+00005970: 7020 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7075 p of the. pu\n+00005980: 626c 6973 6865 7273 206f 7220 6175 7468 blishers or auth\n+00005990: 6f72 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d ors of the Docum\n+000059a0: 656e 7420 746f 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d ent to the Docum\n+000059b0: 656e 7427 7320 6f76 6572 616c 6c0a 2020 ent's overall. \n+000059c0: 2020 2073 7562 6a65 6374 2028 6f72 2074 subject (or t\n+000059d0: 6f20 7265 6c61 7465 6420 6d61 7474 6572 o related matter\n+000059e0: 7329 2061 6e64 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 s) and contains \n+000059f0: 6e6f 7468 696e 6720 7468 6174 2063 6f75 nothing that cou\n+00005a00: 6c64 0a20 2020 2020 6661 6c6c 2064 6972 ld. fall dir\n+00005a10: 6563 746c 7920 7769 7468 696e 2074 6861 ectly within tha\n+00005a20: 7420 6f76 6572 616c 6c20 7375 626a 6563 t overall subjec\n+00005a30: 742e 2020 2854 6875 732c 2069 6620 7468 t. 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If the Do\n+00005d10: 6375 6d65 6e74 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 cument does not \n+00005d20: 6964 656e 7469 6679 0a20 2020 2020 616e identify. an\n+00005d30: 7920 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 6374 y Invariant Sect\n+00005d40: 696f 6e73 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6572 6520 ions then there \n+00005d50: 6172 6520 6e6f 6e65 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 are none... \n+00005d60: 5468 6520 2243 6f76 6572 2054 6578 7473 The \"Cover Texts\n+00005d70: 2220 6172 6520 6365 7274 6169 6e20 7368 \" are certain sh\n+00005d80: 6f72 7420 7061 7373 6167 6573 206f 6620 ort passages of \n+00005d90: 7465 7874 2074 6861 7420 6172 650a 2020 text that are. \n+00005da0: 2020 206c 6973 7465 642c 2061 7320 4672 listed, as Fr\n+00005db0: 6f6e 742d 436f 7665 7220 5465 7874 7320 ont-Cover Texts \n+00005dc0: 6f72 2042 6163 6b2d 436f 7665 7220 5465 or Back-Cover Te\n+00005dd0: 7874 732c 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6e6f 7469 xts, in the noti\n+00005de0: 6365 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6174 2073 6179 ce. that say\n+00005df0: 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d s that the Docum\n+00005e00: 656e 7420 6973 2072 656c 6561 7365 6420 ent is released \n+00005e10: 756e 6465 7220 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e under this Licen\n+00005e20: 7365 2e20 2041 0a20 2020 2020 4672 6f6e se. 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An image \n+00006170: 666f 726d 6174 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 5472 format is not Tr\n+00006180: 616e 7370 6172 656e 7420 6966 0a20 2020 ansparent if. \n+00006190: 2020 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2061 6e79 2073 used for any s\n+000061a0: 7562 7374 616e 7469 616c 2061 6d6f 756e ubstantial amoun\n+000061b0: 7420 6f66 2074 6578 742e 2020 4120 636f t of text. A co\n+000061c0: 7079 2074 6861 7420 6973 206e 6f74 0a20 py that is not. \n+000061d0: 2020 2020 2254 7261 6e73 7061 7265 6e74 \"Transparent\n+000061e0: 2220 6973 2063 616c 6c65 6420 224f 7061 \" is called \"Opa\n+000061f0: 7175 6522 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4578 616d que\"... Exam\n+00006200: 706c 6573 206f 6620 7375 6974 6162 6c65 ples of suitable\n+00006210: 2066 6f72 6d61 7473 2066 6f72 2054 7261 formats for Tra\n+00006220: 6e73 7061 7265 6e74 2063 6f70 6965 7320 nsparent copies \n+00006230: 696e 636c 7564 6520 706c 6169 6e0a 2020 include plain. \n+00006240: 2020 2041 5343 4949 2077 6974 686f 7574 ASCII without\n+00006250: 206d 6172 6b75 702c 2054 6578 696e 666f markup, Texinfo\n+00006260: 2069 6e70 7574 2066 6f72 6d61 742c 204c input format, L\n+00006270: 6154 6558 2069 6e70 7574 2066 6f72 6d61 aTeX input forma\n+00006280: 742c 0a20 2020 2020 5347 4d4c 206f 7220 t,. 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For. \n+00006570: 2020 776f 726b 7320 696e 2066 6f72 6d61 works in forma\n+00006580: 7473 2077 6869 6368 2064 6f20 6e6f 7420 ts which do not \n+00006590: 6861 7665 2061 6e79 2074 6974 6c65 2070 have any title p\n+000065a0: 6167 6520 6173 2073 7563 682c 2022 5469 age as such, \"Ti\n+000065b0: 746c 650a 2020 2020 2050 6167 6522 206d tle. Page\" m\n+000065c0: 6561 6e73 2074 6865 2074 6578 7420 6e65 eans the text ne\n+000065d0: 6172 2074 6865 206d 6f73 7420 7072 6f6d ar the most prom\n+000065e0: 696e 656e 7420 6170 7065 6172 616e 6365 inent appearance\n+000065f0: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2077 6f72 of the. wor\n+00006600: 6b27 7320 7469 746c 652c 2070 7265 6365 k's title, prece\n+00006610: 6469 6e67 2074 6865 2062 6567 696e 6e69 ding the beginni\n+00006620: 6e67 206f 6620 7468 6520 626f 6479 206f ng of the body o\n+00006630: 6620 7468 6520 7465 7874 2e0a 0a20 2020 f the text... \n+00006640: 2020 4120 7365 6374 696f 6e20 2245 6e74 A section \"Ent\n+00006650: 6974 6c65 6420 5859 5a22 206d 6561 6e73 itled XYZ\" means\n+00006660: 2061 206e 616d 6564 2073 7562 756e 6974 a named subunit\n+00006670: 206f 6620 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 of the Document\n+00006680: 0a20 2020 2020 7768 6f73 6520 7469 746c . whose titl\n+00006690: 6520 6569 7468 6572 2069 7320 7072 6563 e either is prec\n+000066a0: 6973 656c 7920 5859 5a20 6f72 2063 6f6e isely XYZ or con\n+000066b0: 7461 696e 7320 5859 5a20 696e 2070 6172 tains XYZ in par\n+000066c0: 656e 7468 6573 6573 0a20 2020 2020 666f entheses. fo\n+000066d0: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7465 7874 2074 6861 llowing text tha\n+000066e0: 7420 7472 616e 736c 6174 6573 2058 595a t translates XYZ\n+000066f0: 2069 6e20 616e 6f74 6865 7220 6c61 6e67 in another lang\n+00006700: 7561 6765 2e20 2028 4865 7265 2058 595a uage. 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(\n+0000abd0: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6372 7970 746f line 6).* crypto\n+0000abe0: 6d6f 756e 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mount: \n 0000abf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ac00: 2020 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 2e20 cryptomount. \n-0000ac10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n-0000ac20: 3629 0a2a 2063 7574 6d65 6d3a 2020 2020 6).* cutmem: \n+0000ac00: 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 2e20 2020 cryptomount. \n+0000ac10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000ac20: 0a2a 2063 7574 6d65 6d3a 2020 2020 2020 .* cutmem: \n 0000ac30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ac40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6375 746d cutm\n-0000ac50: 656d 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 em. \n-0000ac60: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6461 (line 6).* da\n-0000ac70: 7465 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 te: \n+0000ac40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6375 746d 656d cutmem\n+0000ac50: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0000ac60: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6461 7465 (line 6).* date\n+0000ac70: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n 0000ac80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ac90: 2020 2020 2064 6174 652e 2020 2020 2020 date. \n-0000aca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n-0000acb0: 6520 3629 0a2a 2064 6576 6963 6574 7265 e 6).* devicetre\n-0000acc0: 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e: \n-0000acd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 de\n-0000ace0: 7669 6365 7472 6565 2e20 2020 2020 2020 vicetree. \n-0000acf0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000ad00: 6469 7374 7275 7374 3a20 2020 2020 2020 distrust: \n+0000ac90: 2020 2064 6174 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 date. \n+0000aca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+0000acb0: 3629 0a2a 2064 6576 6963 6574 7265 653a 6).* devicetree:\n+0000acc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000acd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 7669 devi\n+0000ace0: 6365 7472 6565 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 cetree. \n+0000acf0: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6469 (line 6).* di\n+0000ad00: 7374 7275 7374 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 strust: \n 0000ad10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ad20: 2020 2020 2020 2064 6973 7472 7573 742e distrust.\n-0000ad30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n-0000ad40: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2064 7269 7665 6d61 ine 6).* drivema\n-0000ad50: 703a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p: \n-0000ad60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ad70: 6472 6976 656d 6170 2e20 2020 2020 2020 drivemap. \n-0000ad80: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000ad90: 2a20 6563 686f 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 * echo: \n+0000ad20: 2020 2020 2064 6973 7472 7573 742e 2020 distrust. \n+0000ad30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n+0000ad40: 6520 3629 0a2a 2064 7269 7665 6d61 703a e 6).* drivemap:\n+0000ad50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000ad60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6472 dr\n+0000ad70: 6976 656d 6170 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ivemap. \n+0000ad80: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000ad90: 6563 686f 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 echo: \n 0000ada0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000adb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6368 6f2e 2020 echo. \n-0000adc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000add0: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2065 6669 7465 (line 6).* efite\n-0000ade0: 7874 6d6f 6465 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 xtmode: \n+0000adb0: 2020 2020 2020 2065 6368 6f2e 2020 2020 echo. \n+0000adc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n+0000add0: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2065 6669 7465 7874 ine 6).* efitext\n+0000ade0: 6d6f 6465 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mode: \n 0000adf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ae00: 2020 6566 6974 6578 746d 6f64 652e 2020 efitextmode. \n-0000ae10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000ae20: 290a 2a20 6576 616c 3a20 2020 2020 2020 ).* eval: \n+0000ae00: 6566 6974 6578 746d 6f64 652e 2020 2020 efitextmode. \n+0000ae10: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000ae20: 2a20 6576 616c 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 * eval: \n 0000ae30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ae40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 7661 6c2e eval.\n+0000ae40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 7661 6c2e 2020 eval. \n 0000ae50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ae60: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2065 7870 (line 6).* exp\n-0000ae70: 6f72 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ort: \n+0000ae60: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2065 7870 6f72 (line 6).* expor\n+0000ae70: 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t: \n 0000ae80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ae90: 2020 2020 6578 706f 7274 2e20 2020 2020 export. \n-0000aea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-0000aeb0: 2036 290a 2a20 6661 6c73 653a 2020 2020 6).* false: \n+0000ae90: 2020 6578 706f 7274 2e20 2020 2020 2020 export. \n+0000aea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+0000aeb0: 290a 2a20 6661 6c73 653a 2020 2020 2020 ).* false: \n 0000aec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000aed0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 616c fal\n-0000aee0: 7365 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 se. \n-0000aef0: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2046 (line 6).* F\n-0000af00: 444c 2c20 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 DL, GNU Free Doc\n-0000af10: 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e umentation Licen\n-0000af20: 7365 3a20 2020 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 se: GNU Free D\n-0000af30: 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 ocumentation Lic\n-0000af40: 656e 7365 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ense.. \n+0000aed0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 616c 7365 false\n+0000aee0: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0000aef0: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2046 444c (line 6).* FDL\n+0000af00: 2c20 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 756d , GNU Free Docum\n+0000af10: 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e 7365 entation License\n+0000af20: 3a20 2020 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 : GNU Free Doc\n+0000af30: 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e umentation Licen\n+0000af40: 7365 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 se.. \n 0000af50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0000af60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0000af70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000af80: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000af90: 2066 7773 6574 7570 3a20 2020 2020 2020 fwsetup: \n+0000af80: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2066 (line 6).* f\n+0000af90: 7773 6574 7570 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 wsetup: \n 0000afa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000afb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6677 7365 7475 702e fwsetup.\n-0000afc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n-0000afd0: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6764 6269 6e66 line 6).* gdbinf\n-0000afe0: 6f3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o: \n-0000aff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b000: 2067 6462 696e 666f 2e20 2020 2020 2020 gdbinfo. \n-0000b010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-0000b020: 0a2a 2067 6574 7465 7874 3a20 2020 2020 .* gettext: \n+0000afb0: 2020 2020 2020 6677 7365 7475 702e 2020 fwsetup. \n+0000afc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n+0000afd0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6764 6269 6e66 6f3a ne 6).* gdbinfo:\n+0000afe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000aff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 g\n+0000b000: 6462 696e 666f 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 dbinfo. \n+0000b010: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+0000b020: 2067 6574 7465 7874 3a20 2020 2020 2020 gettext: \n 0000b030: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6765 7474 6578 gettex\n-0000b050: 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t. \n-0000b060: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6770 7473 (line 6).* gpts\n-0000b070: 796e 633a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ync: \n+0000b040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6765 7474 6578 742e gettext.\n+0000b050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n+0000b060: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6770 7473 796e line 6).* gptsyn\n+0000b070: 633a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 c: \n 0000b080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b090: 2020 2067 7074 7379 6e63 2e20 2020 2020 gptsync. \n-0000b0a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n-0000b0b0: 3629 0a2a 2068 616c 743a 2020 2020 2020 6).* halt: \n+0000b090: 2067 7074 7379 6e63 2e20 2020 2020 2020 gptsync. \n+0000b0a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000b0b0: 0a2a 2068 616c 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 .* halt: \n 0000b0c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b0d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6861 6c74 halt\n-0000b0e0: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-0000b0f0: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6861 (line 6).* ha\n-0000b100: 7368 7375 6d3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 shsum: \n+0000b0d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6861 6c74 2e20 halt. \n+0000b0e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000b0f0: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6861 7368 (line 6).* hash\n+0000b100: 7375 6d3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sum: \n 0000b110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b120: 2020 2020 2068 6173 6873 756d 2e20 2020 hashsum. \n-0000b130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n-0000b140: 6520 3629 0a2a 2068 656c 703a 2020 2020 e 6).* help: \n+0000b120: 2020 2068 6173 6873 756d 2e20 2020 2020 hashsum. \n+0000b130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+0000b140: 3629 0a2a 2068 656c 703a 2020 2020 2020 6).* help: \n 0000b150: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 he\n-0000b170: 6c70 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lp. \n-0000b180: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000b190: 6865 7864 756d 703a 2020 2020 2020 2020 hexdump: \n+0000b160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 6c70 help\n+0000b170: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0000b180: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6865 (line 6).* he\n+0000b190: 7864 756d 703a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 xdump: \n 0000b1a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b1b0: 2020 2020 2020 2068 6578 6475 6d70 2e20 hexdump. \n-0000b1c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n-0000b1d0: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2069 6e69 7472 643a ine 6).* initrd:\n+0000b1b0: 2020 2020 2068 6578 6475 6d70 2e20 2020 hexdump. \n+0000b1c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n+0000b1d0: 6520 3629 0a2a 2069 6e69 7472 643a 2020 e 6).* initrd: \n 0000b1e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b1f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b200: 696e 6974 7264 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 initrd. \n-0000b210: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000b220: 2a20 696e 6974 7264 3136 3a20 2020 2020 * initrd16: \n+0000b1f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e in\n+0000b200: 6974 7264 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 itrd. \n+0000b210: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000b220: 696e 6974 7264 3136 3a20 2020 2020 2020 initrd16: \n 0000b230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e69 7472 6431 initrd1\n-0000b250: 362e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6. \n-0000b260: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2069 6e73 6d6f (line 6).* insmo\n-0000b270: 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d: \n+0000b240: 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e69 7472 6431 362e initrd16.\n+0000b250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n+0000b260: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2069 6e73 6d6f 643a ine 6).* insmod:\n+0000b270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0000b280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b290: 2020 696e 736d 6f64 2e20 2020 2020 2020 insmod. \n-0000b2a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000b2b0: 290a 2a20 6b65 7973 7461 7475 733a 2020 ).* keystatus: \n+0000b290: 696e 736d 6f64 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 insmod. \n+0000b2a0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000b2b0: 2a20 6b65 7973 7461 7475 733a 2020 2020 * keystatus: \n 0000b2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b 6579 7374 keyst\n-0000b2e0: 6174 7573 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 atus. \n-0000b2f0: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206c 696e (line 6).* lin\n-0000b300: 7578 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ux: \n+0000b2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b 6579 7374 6174 keystat\n+0000b2e0: 7573 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 us. \n+0000b2f0: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206c 696e 7578 (line 6).* linux\n+0000b300: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n 0000b310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b320: 2020 2020 6c69 6e75 782e 2020 2020 2020 linux. \n-0000b330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-0000b340: 2036 290a 2a20 6c69 6e75 7831 363a 2020 6).* linux16: \n+0000b320: 2020 6c69 6e75 782e 2020 2020 2020 2020 linux. \n+0000b330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+0000b340: 290a 2a20 6c69 6e75 7831 363a 2020 2020 ).* linux16: \n 0000b350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 696e lin\n-0000b370: 7578 3136 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ux16. \n-0000b380: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206c (line 6).* l\n-0000b390: 6973 745f 656e 763a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ist_env: \n+0000b360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 696e 7578 linux\n+0000b370: 3136 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 16. \n+0000b380: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206c 6973 (line 6).* lis\n+0000b390: 745f 656e 763a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t_env: \n 0000b3a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b3b0: 2020 2020 2020 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 2e20 list_env. \n-0000b3c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n-0000b3d0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 ne 6).* list_tru\n-0000b3e0: 7374 6564 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sted: \n-0000b3f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c l\n-0000b400: 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 642e 2020 2020 ist_trusted. \n-0000b410: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000b420: 206c 6f61 645f 656e 763a 2020 2020 2020 load_env: \n+0000b3b0: 2020 2020 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 2e20 2020 list_env. \n+0000b3c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n+0000b3d0: 2036 290a 2a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6).* list_trust\n+0000b3e0: 6564 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ed: \n+0000b3f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 6973 lis\n+0000b400: 745f 7472 7573 7465 642e 2020 2020 2020 t_trusted. \n+0000b410: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206c (line 6).* l\n+0000b420: 6f61 645f 656e 763a 2020 2020 2020 2020 oad_env: \n 0000b430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 load_env\n-0000b450: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 . (\n-0000b460: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6c6f 6164 666f line 6).* loadfo\n-0000b470: 6e74 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nt: \n-0000b480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b490: 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e 742e 2020 2020 2020 loadfont. \n-0000b4a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-0000b4b0: 0a2a 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b3a 2020 2020 .* loopback: \n+0000b440: 2020 2020 2020 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 2e20 load_env. \n+0000b450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n+0000b460: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 ne 6).* loadfont\n+0000b470: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000b480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c l\n+0000b490: 6f61 6466 6f6e 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 oadfont. \n+0000b4a0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+0000b4b0: 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b3a 2020 2020 2020 loopback: \n 0000b4c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b4d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c6f 6f70 6261 loopba\n-0000b4e0: 636b 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ck. \n-0000b4f0: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6c73 3a20 (line 6).* ls: \n+0000b4d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b loopback\n+0000b4e0: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 . (\n+0000b4f0: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6c73 3a20 2020 line 6).* ls: \n 0000b500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0000b510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b520: 2020 206c 732e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ls. \n-0000b530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n-0000b540: 3629 0a2a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 3a20 2020 6).* lsfonts: \n+0000b520: 206c 732e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ls. \n+0000b530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000b540: 0a2a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 3a20 2020 2020 .* lsfonts: \n 0000b550: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c73 666f lsfo\n-0000b570: 6e74 732e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nts. \n-0000b580: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6c73 (line 6).* ls\n-0000b590: 6d6f 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mod: \n+0000b560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c73 666f 6e74 lsfont\n+0000b570: 732e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s. \n+0000b580: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6c73 6d6f (line 6).* lsmo\n+0000b590: 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d: \n 0000b5a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b5b0: 2020 2020 206c 736d 6f64 2e20 2020 2020 lsmod. \n-0000b5c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n-0000b5d0: 6520 3629 0a2a 206d 6435 7375 6d3a 2020 e 6).* md5sum: \n+0000b5b0: 2020 206c 736d 6f64 2e20 2020 2020 2020 lsmod. \n+0000b5c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+0000b5d0: 3629 0a2a 206d 6435 7375 6d3a 2020 2020 6).* md5sum: \n 0000b5e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b5f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d64 md\n-0000b600: 3573 756d 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5sum. \n-0000b610: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000b620: 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 793a 2020 2020 2020 menuentry: \n+0000b5f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d64 3573 md5s\n+0000b600: 756d 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 um. \n+0000b610: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6d65 (line 6).* me\n+0000b620: 6e75 656e 7472 793a 2020 2020 2020 2020 nuentry: \n 0000b630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b640: 2020 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 menuentry\n-0000b650: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c . (l\n-0000b660: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206d 6f64 756c 653a ine 6).* module:\n+0000b640: 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2e20 menuentry. \n+0000b650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n+0000b660: 6520 3629 0a2a 206d 6f64 756c 653a 2020 e 6).* module: \n 0000b670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b690: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 module. \n-0000b6a0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000b6b0: 2a20 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 743a 2020 2020 * multiboot: \n+0000b680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d6f mo\n+0000b690: 6475 6c65 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dule. \n+0000b6a0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000b6b0: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 743a 2020 2020 2020 multiboot: \n 0000b6c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b6d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 756c 7469 626f multibo\n-0000b6e0: 6f74 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ot. \n-0000b6f0: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6174 6976 (line 6).* nativ\n-0000b700: 6564 6973 6b3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 edisk: \n+0000b6d0: 2020 2020 2020 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 multiboot\n+0000b6e0: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c . (l\n+0000b6f0: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6174 6976 6564 ine 6).* natived\n+0000b700: 6973 6b3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 isk: \n 0000b710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b720: 2020 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b 2e20 2020 nativedisk. \n-0000b730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000b740: 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 ).* net_add_addr\n-0000b750: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0000b760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f61 net_a\n-0000b770: 6464 5f61 6464 722e 2020 2020 2020 2020 dd_addr. \n-0000b780: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 (line 6).* net\n-0000b790: 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 3a20 2020 2020 2020 _add_dns: \n+0000b720: 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b 2e20 2020 2020 nativedisk. \n+0000b730: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000b740: 2a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 3a20 * net_add_addr: \n+0000b750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000b760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f61 6464 net_add\n+0000b770: 5f61 6464 722e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _addr. \n+0000b780: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f61 (line 6).* net_a\n+0000b790: 6464 5f64 6e73 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 dd_dns: \n 0000b7a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b7b0: 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e 732e net_add_dns.\n-0000b7c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-0000b7d0: 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f 6).* net_add_ro\n-0000b7e0: 7574 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ute: \n-0000b7f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 net\n-0000b800: 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 2e20 2020 2020 _add_route. \n-0000b810: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e (line 6).* n\n-0000b820: 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 3a20 2020 2020 2020 et_bootp: \n+0000b7b0: 2020 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e 732e 2020 net_add_dns. \n+0000b7c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+0000b7d0: 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f 7574 ).* net_add_rout\n+0000b7e0: 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e: \n+0000b7f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f61 net_a\n+0000b800: 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 2e20 2020 2020 2020 dd_route. \n+0000b810: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 (line 6).* net\n+0000b820: 5f62 6f6f 7470 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 _bootp: \n 0000b830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b840: 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 702e net_bootp.\n-0000b850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n-0000b860: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f ne 6).* net_del_\n-0000b870: 6164 6472 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 addr: \n-0000b880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n-0000b890: 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 722e 2020 2020 et_del_addr. \n-0000b8a0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000b8b0: 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 3a20 2020 net_del_dns: \n+0000b840: 2020 2020 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 702e 2020 net_bootp. \n+0000b850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n+0000b860: 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6).* net_del_ad\n+0000b870: 6472 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dr: \n+0000b880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 net\n+0000b890: 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 722e 2020 2020 2020 _del_addr. \n+0000b8a0: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e (line 6).* n\n+0000b8b0: 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 3a20 2020 2020 et_del_dns: \n 0000b8c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b8d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f net_del_\n-0000b8e0: 646e 732e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 dns. (\n-0000b8f0: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 line 6).* net_de\n-0000b900: 6c5f 726f 7574 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 l_route: \n-0000b910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b920: 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 2e20 net_del_route. \n-0000b930: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-0000b940: 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 6863 703a 2020 2020 .* net_dhcp: \n+0000b8d0: 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e net_del_dn\n+0000b8e0: 732e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 s. (li\n+0000b8f0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f ne 6).* net_del_\n+0000b900: 726f 7574 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 route: \n+0000b910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n+0000b920: 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 2e20 2020 et_del_route. \n+0000b930: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+0000b940: 206e 6574 5f64 6863 703a 2020 2020 2020 net_dhcp: \n 0000b950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6468 net_dh\n-0000b970: 6370 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 cp. \n-0000b980: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f (line 6).* net_\n-0000b990: 6765 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e3a get_dhcp_option:\n+0000b960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6468 6370 net_dhcp\n+0000b970: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 . (\n+0000b980: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6765 line 6).* net_ge\n+0000b990: 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e3a 2020 t_dhcp_option: \n 0000b9a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b9b0: 2020 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f net_get_dhcp_\n-0000b9c0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e20 2020 286c 696e 6520 option. (line \n-0000b9d0: 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 6).* net_ipv6_au\n-0000b9e0: 746f 636f 6e66 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 toconf: \n-0000b9f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f net_\n-0000ba00: 6970 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 662e 2020 ipv6_autoconf. \n-0000ba10: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 (line 6).* ne\n-0000ba20: 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 723a 2020 2020 2020 t_ls_addr: \n+0000b9b0: 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 net_get_dhcp_op\n+0000b9c0: 7469 6f6e 2e20 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 tion. (line 6)\n+0000b9d0: 0a2a 206e 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f .* net_ipv6_auto\n+0000b9e0: 636f 6e66 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 conf: \n+0000b9f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6970 net_ip\n+0000ba00: 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 662e 2020 2020 v6_autoconf. \n+0000ba10: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f (line 6).* net_\n+0000ba20: 6c73 5f61 6464 723a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ls_addr: \n 0000ba30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ba40: 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 net_ls_addr\n-0000ba50: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e . (lin\n-0000ba60: 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 e 6).* net_ls_ca\n-0000ba70: 7264 733a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rds: \n-0000ba80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 ne\n-0000ba90: 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 2e20 2020 2020 t_ls_cards. \n-0000baa0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000bab0: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 3a20 2020 2020 net_ls_dns: \n+0000ba40: 2020 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 2e20 net_ls_addr. \n+0000ba50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+0000ba60: 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 6).* net_ls_card\n+0000ba70: 733a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s: \n+0000ba80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f net_\n+0000ba90: 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 2e20 2020 2020 2020 ls_cards. \n+0000baa0: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 (line 6).* ne\n+0000bab0: 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 3a20 2020 2020 2020 t_ls_dns: \n 0000bac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bad0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e net_ls_dn\n-0000bae0: 732e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c s. (l\n-0000baf0: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f ine 6).* net_ls_\n-0000bb00: 726f 7574 6573 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 routes: \n-0000bb10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bb20: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 732e 2020 net_ls_routes. \n-0000bb30: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000bb40: 2a20 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 3a20 * net_nslookup: \n+0000bad0: 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 732e net_ls_dns.\n+0000bae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n+0000baf0: 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f e 6).* net_ls_ro\n+0000bb00: 7574 6573 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 utes: \n+0000bb10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 ne\n+0000bb20: 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 732e 2020 2020 t_ls_routes. \n+0000bb30: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000bb40: 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 3a20 2020 net_nslookup: \n 0000bb50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bb60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f6e 736c net_nsl\n-0000bb70: 6f6f 6b75 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ookup. \n-0000bb80: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f73 (line 6).* net_s\n-0000bb90: 6574 5f76 6c61 6e3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 et_vlan: \n+0000bb60: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f net_nsloo\n+0000bb70: 6b75 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c kup. (l\n+0000bb80: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f73 6574 ine 6).* net_set\n+0000bb90: 5f76 6c61 6e3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _vlan: \n 0000bba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bbb0: 2020 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e 2e20 net_set_vlan. \n-0000bbc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000bbd0: 290a 2a20 6e6f 726d 616c 3a20 2020 2020 ).* normal: \n+0000bbb0: 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e 2e20 2020 net_set_vlan. \n+0000bbc0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000bbd0: 2a20 6e6f 726d 616c 3a20 2020 2020 2020 * normal: \n 0000bbe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bbf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f72 6d61 norma\n-0000bc00: 6c2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l. \n-0000bc10: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6f72 (line 6).* nor\n-0000bc20: 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 3a20 2020 2020 2020 mal_exit: \n+0000bbf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f72 6d61 6c2e normal.\n+0000bc00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000bc10: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6f72 6d61 (line 6).* norma\n+0000bc20: 6c5f 6578 6974 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 l_exit: \n 0000bc30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bc40: 2020 2020 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 742e normal_exit.\n-0000bc50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-0000bc60: 2036 290a 2a20 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 3a20 6).* parttool: \n+0000bc40: 2020 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 742e 2020 normal_exit. \n+0000bc50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+0000bc60: 290a 2a20 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 3a20 2020 ).* parttool: \n 0000bc70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bc80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 par\n-0000bc90: 7474 6f6f 6c2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ttool. \n-0000bca0: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2070 (line 6).* p\n-0000bcb0: 6173 7377 6f72 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 assword: \n+0000bc80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7474 partt\n+0000bc90: 6f6f 6c2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ool. \n+0000bca0: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2070 6173 (line 6).* pas\n+0000bcb0: 7377 6f72 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sword: \n 0000bcc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bcd0: 2020 2020 2020 7061 7373 776f 7264 2e20 password. \n-0000bce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n-0000bcf0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 ne 6).* password\n-0000bd00: 5f70 626b 6466 323a 2020 2020 2020 2020 _pbkdf2: \n-0000bd10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 p\n-0000bd20: 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 2e20 assword_pbkdf2. \n-0000bd30: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000bd40: 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 743a 2020 2020 plainmount: \n+0000bcd0: 2020 2020 7061 7373 776f 7264 2e20 2020 password. \n+0000bce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n+0000bcf0: 2036 290a 2a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 6).* password_p\n+0000bd00: 626b 6466 323a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 bkdf2: \n+0000bd10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6173 pas\n+0000bd20: 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 2e20 2020 sword_pbkdf2. \n+0000bd30: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2070 (line 6).* p\n+0000bd40: 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 743a 2020 2020 2020 lainmount: \n 0000bd50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bd60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 plainmou\n-0000bd70: 6e74 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 nt. (\n-0000bd80: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 706c 6179 3a20 line 6).* play: \n+0000bd60: 2020 2020 2020 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 plainmount\n+0000bd70: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 . (li\n+0000bd80: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 706c 6179 3a20 2020 ne 6).* play: \n 0000bd90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bda0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bdb0: 2070 6c61 792e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 play. \n-0000bdc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-0000bdd0: 0a2a 2070 726f 6265 3a20 2020 2020 2020 .* probe: \n+0000bda0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 p\n+0000bdb0: 6c61 792e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lay. \n+0000bdc0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+0000bdd0: 2070 726f 6265 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 probe: \n 0000bde0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bdf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7072 6f62 652e probe.\n-0000be00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000be10: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7264 6d73 (line 6).* rdms\n-0000be20: 723a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r: \n+0000bdf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7072 6f62 652e 2020 probe. \n+0000be00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n+0000be10: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7264 6d73 723a line 6).* rdmsr:\n+0000be20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0000be30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000be40: 2020 2072 646d 7372 2e20 2020 2020 2020 rdmsr. \n-0000be50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n-0000be60: 3629 0a2a 2072 6561 643a 2020 2020 2020 6).* read: \n+0000be40: 2072 646d 7372 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 rdmsr. \n+0000be50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000be60: 0a2a 2072 6561 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 .* read: \n 0000be70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000be80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7265 6164 read\n-0000be90: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-0000bea0: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7265 (line 6).* re\n-0000beb0: 626f 6f74 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 boot: \n+0000be80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7265 6164 2e20 read. \n+0000be90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000bea0: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7265 626f (line 6).* rebo\n+0000beb0: 6f74 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ot: \n 0000bec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bed0: 2020 2020 2072 6562 6f6f 742e 2020 2020 reboot. \n-0000bee0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n-0000bef0: 6520 3629 0a2a 2072 6567 6578 703a 2020 e 6).* regexp: \n+0000bed0: 2020 2072 6562 6f6f 742e 2020 2020 2020 reboot. \n+0000bee0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+0000bef0: 3629 0a2a 2072 6567 6578 703a 2020 2020 6).* regexp: \n 0000bf00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bf10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7265 re\n-0000bf20: 6765 7870 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 gexp. \n-0000bf30: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000bf40: 726d 6d6f 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rmmod: \n+0000bf10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7265 6765 rege\n+0000bf20: 7870 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 xp. \n+0000bf30: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 726d (line 6).* rm\n+0000bf40: 6d6f 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mod: \n 0000bf50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bf60: 2020 2020 2020 2072 6d6d 6f64 2e20 2020 rmmod. \n-0000bf70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n-0000bf80: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6176 655f 656e ine 6).* save_en\n-0000bf90: 763a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 v: \n-0000bfa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bfb0: 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 2e20 2020 2020 2020 save_env. \n-0000bfc0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000bfd0: 2a20 7365 6172 6368 3a20 2020 2020 2020 * search: \n+0000bf60: 2020 2020 2072 6d6d 6f64 2e20 2020 2020 rmmod. \n+0000bf70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n+0000bf80: 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6176 655f 656e 763a e 6).* save_env:\n+0000bf90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000bfa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7361 sa\n+0000bfb0: 7665 5f65 6e76 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ve_env. \n+0000bfc0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000bfd0: 7365 6172 6368 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 search: \n 0000bfe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 682e search.\n-0000c000: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c010: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 656e 646b (line 6).* sendk\n-0000c020: 6579 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ey: \n+0000bff0: 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 682e 2020 search. \n+0000c000: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n+0000c010: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 656e 646b 6579 ine 6).* sendkey\n+0000c020: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n 0000c030: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c040: 2020 7365 6e64 6b65 792e 2020 2020 2020 sendkey. \n-0000c050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000c060: 290a 2a20 7365 7269 616c 3a20 2020 2020 ).* serial: \n+0000c040: 7365 6e64 6b65 792e 2020 2020 2020 2020 sendkey. \n+0000c050: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000c060: 2a20 7365 7269 616c 3a20 2020 2020 2020 * serial: \n 0000c070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6572 6961 seria\n-0000c090: 6c2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l. \n-0000c0a0: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6574 (line 6).* set\n-0000c0b0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000c080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6572 6961 6c2e serial.\n+0000c090: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000c0a0: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6574 3a20 (line 6).* set: \n+0000c0b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0000c0c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c0d0: 2020 2020 7365 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 set. \n-0000c0e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-0000c0f0: 2036 290a 2a20 7368 6131 7375 6d3a 2020 6).* sha1sum: \n+0000c0d0: 2020 7365 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 set. \n+0000c0e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+0000c0f0: 290a 2a20 7368 6131 7375 6d3a 2020 2020 ).* sha1sum: \n 0000c100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6861 sha\n-0000c120: 3173 756d 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 1sum. \n-0000c130: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 (line 6).* s\n-0000c140: 6861 3235 3673 756d 3a20 2020 2020 2020 ha256sum: \n+0000c110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6861 3173 sha1s\n+0000c120: 756d 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 um. \n+0000c130: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6861 (line 6).* sha\n+0000c140: 3235 3673 756d 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 256sum: \n 0000c150: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c160: 2020 2020 2020 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d2e sha256sum.\n-0000c170: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n-0000c180: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7368 6135 3132 7375 ne 6).* sha512su\n-0000c190: 6d3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 m: \n-0000c1a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n-0000c1b0: 6861 3531 3273 756d 2e20 2020 2020 2020 ha512sum. \n-0000c1c0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000c1d0: 2073 6c65 6570 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 sleep: \n+0000c160: 2020 2020 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d2e 2020 sha256sum. \n+0000c170: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n+0000c180: 2036 290a 2a20 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d3a 6).* sha512sum:\n+0000c190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000c1a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6861 sha\n+0000c1b0: 3531 3273 756d 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 512sum. \n+0000c1c0: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 (line 6).* s\n+0000c1d0: 6c65 6570 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 leep: \n 0000c1e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c1f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 736c 6565 702e 2020 sleep. \n-0000c200: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n-0000c210: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 736d 6269 6f73 line 6).* smbios\n-0000c220: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0000c230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c240: 2073 6d62 696f 732e 2020 2020 2020 2020 smbios. \n-0000c250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-0000c260: 0a2a 2073 6f75 7263 653a 2020 2020 2020 .* source: \n+0000c1f0: 2020 2020 2020 736c 6565 702e 2020 2020 sleep. \n+0000c200: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n+0000c210: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 736d 6269 6f73 3a20 ne 6).* smbios: \n+0000c220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000c230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n+0000c240: 6d62 696f 732e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mbios. \n+0000c250: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+0000c260: 2073 6f75 7263 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 source: \n 0000c270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 736f 7572 6365 source\n-0000c290: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-0000c2a0: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7375 626d (line 6).* subm\n-0000c2b0: 656e 753a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 enu: \n+0000c280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 736f 7572 6365 2e20 source. \n+0000c290: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n+0000c2a0: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7375 626d 656e line 6).* submen\n+0000c2b0: 753a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 u: \n 0000c2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c2d0: 2020 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2e20 2020 2020 submenu. \n-0000c2e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n-0000c2f0: 3629 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 6).* terminal_in\n-0000c300: 7075 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 put: \n-0000c310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7465 726d term\n-0000c320: 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2e20 2020 2020 inal_input. \n-0000c330: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7465 (line 6).* te\n-0000c340: 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 743a 2020 rminal_output: \n+0000c2d0: 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2e20 2020 2020 2020 submenu. \n+0000c2e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000c2f0: 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 .* terminal_inpu\n+0000c300: 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t: \n+0000c310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e termin\n+0000c320: 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2e20 2020 2020 2020 al_input. \n+0000c330: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7465 726d (line 6).* term\n+0000c340: 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 743a 2020 2020 inal_output: \n 0000c350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c360: 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 terminal_ou\n-0000c370: 7470 7574 2e20 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e tput. (lin\n-0000c380: 6520 3629 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f3a e 6).* terminfo:\n+0000c360: 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 terminal_outp\n+0000c370: 7574 2e20 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 ut. (line \n+0000c380: 3629 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f3a 2020 6).* terminfo: \n 0000c390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c3a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7465 te\n-0000c3b0: 726d 696e 666f 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 rminfo. \n-0000c3c0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000c3d0: 7465 7374 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 test: \n+0000c3a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7465 726d term\n+0000c3b0: 696e 666f 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 info. \n+0000c3c0: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7465 (line 6).* te\n+0000c3d0: 7374 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 st: \n 0000c3e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c3f0: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6573 742e 2020 2020 test. \n-0000c400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n-0000c410: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2074 7275 653a 2020 ine 6).* true: \n+0000c3f0: 2020 2020 2074 6573 742e 2020 2020 2020 test. \n+0000c400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n+0000c410: 6520 3629 0a2a 2074 7275 653a 2020 2020 e 6).* true: \n 0000c420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c440: 7472 7565 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 true. \n-0000c450: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000c460: 2a20 7472 7573 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 * trust: \n+0000c430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7472 tr\n+0000c440: 7565 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ue. \n+0000c450: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000c460: 7472 7573 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 trust: \n 0000c470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 7275 7374 2e20 trust. \n-0000c490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c4a0: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2075 6e73 6574 (line 6).* unset\n-0000c4b0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000c480: 2020 2020 2020 2074 7275 7374 2e20 2020 trust. \n+0000c490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n+0000c4a0: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2075 6e73 6574 3a20 ine 6).* unset: \n+0000c4b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0000c4c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c4d0: 2020 756e 7365 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 unset. \n-0000c4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000c4f0: 290a 2a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 ).* verify_detac\n-0000c500: 6865 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 hed: \n-0000c510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2076 6572 6966 verif\n-0000c520: 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 2e20 2020 2020 y_detached. \n-0000c530: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2076 6964 (line 6).* vid\n-0000c540: 656f 696e 666f 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 eoinfo: \n+0000c4d0: 756e 7365 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 unset. \n+0000c4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000c4f0: 2a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 * verify_detache\n+0000c500: 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d: \n+0000c510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2076 6572 6966 795f verify_\n+0000c520: 6465 7461 6368 6564 2e20 2020 2020 2020 detached. \n+0000c530: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2076 6964 656f (line 6).* video\n+0000c540: 696e 666f 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 info: \n 0000c550: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c560: 2020 2020 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f2e 2020 videoinfo. \n-0000c570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-0000c580: 2036 290a 2a20 7772 6d73 723a 2020 2020 6).* wrmsr: \n+0000c560: 2020 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f2e 2020 2020 videoinfo. \n+0000c570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+0000c580: 290a 2a20 7772 6d73 723a 2020 2020 2020 ).* wrmsr: \n 0000c590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c5a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 726d wrm\n-0000c5b0: 7372 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sr. \n-0000c5c0: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2078 (line 6).* x\n-0000c5d0: 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f 723a 2020 en_hypervisor: \n+0000c5a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 726d 7372 wrmsr\n+0000c5b0: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0000c5c0: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2078 656e (line 6).* xen\n+0000c5d0: 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f 723a 2020 2020 _hypervisor: \n 0000c5e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c5f0: 2020 2020 2020 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 xen_hyperv\n-0000c600: 6973 6f72 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 isor. (li\n-0000c610: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 ne 6).* xen_modu\n-0000c620: 6c65 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 le: \n-0000c630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2078 x\n-0000c640: 656e 5f6d 6f64 756c 652e 2020 2020 2020 en_module. \n-0000c650: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a0a (line 6)..\n+0000c5f0: 2020 2020 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 xen_hypervis\n+0000c600: 6f72 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 or. (line\n+0000c610: 2036 290a 2a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 6).* xen_module\n+0000c620: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000c630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2078 656e xen\n+0000c640: 5f6d 6f64 756c 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 _module. \n+0000c650: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a0a (line 6)..\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/share/info/grub.info.gz", "source2": "./usr/share/info/grub.info.gz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "grub.info", "source2": "grub.info", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -1,541 +1,540 @@\n 00000000: 5468 6973 2069 7320 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 This is grub.inf\n 00000010: 6f2c 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 6279 206d o, produced by m\n 00000020: 616b 6569 6e66 6f20 7665 7273 696f 6e20 akeinfo version \n 00000030: 372e 3120 6672 6f6d 2067 7275 622e 7465 7.1 from grub.te\n 00000040: 7869 2e0a 0a54 6869 7320 6d61 6e75 616c xi...This manual\n 00000050: 2069 7320 666f 7220 474e 5520 4752 5542 is for GNU GRUB\n 00000060: 2028 7665 7273 696f 6e20 322e 3132 2c20 (version 2.12, \n-00000070: 3237 2041 7072 696c 2032 3032 3429 2e0a 27 April 2024)..\n-00000080: 0a20 2020 436f 7079 7269 6768 7420 c2a9 . Copyright ..\n-00000090: 0a31 3939 392c 3230 3030 2c32 3030 312c .1999,2000,2001,\n-000000a0: 3230 3032 2c32 3030 342c 3230 3036 2c32 2002,2004,2006,2\n-000000b0: 3030 382c 3230 3039 2c32 3031 302c 3230 008,2009,2010,20\n-000000c0: 3131 2c32 3031 322c 3230 3133 2046 7265 11,2012,2013 Fre\n-000000d0: 650a 536f 6674 7761 7265 2046 6f75 6e64 e.Software Found\n-000000e0: 6174 696f 6e2c 2049 6e63 2e0a 0a20 2020 ation, Inc... \n-000000f0: 2020 5065 726d 6973 7369 6f6e 2069 7320 Permission is \n-00000100: 6772 616e 7465 6420 746f 2063 6f70 792c granted to copy,\n-00000110: 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6520 616e 642f distribute and/\n-00000120: 6f72 206d 6f64 6966 7920 7468 6973 0a20 or modify this. \n-00000130: 2020 2020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 2075 6e64 document und\n-00000140: 6572 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d73 206f 6620 er the terms of \n-00000150: 7468 6520 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 the GNU Free Doc\n-00000160: 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e umentation Licen\n-00000170: 7365 2c0a 2020 2020 2056 6572 7369 6f6e se,. Version\n-00000180: 2031 2e32 206f 7220 616e 7920 6c61 7465 1.2 or any late\n-00000190: 7220 7665 7273 696f 6e20 7075 626c 6973 r version publis\n-000001a0: 6865 6420 6279 2074 6865 2046 7265 6520 hed by the Free \n-000001b0: 536f 6674 7761 7265 0a20 2020 2020 466f Software. Fo\n-000001c0: 756e 6461 7469 6f6e 3b20 7769 7468 206e undation; with n\n-000001d0: 6f20 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 6374 o Invariant Sect\n-000001e0: 696f 6e73 2e0a 494e 464f 2d44 4952 2d53 ions..INFO-DIR-S\n-000001f0: 4543 5449 4f4e 204b 6572 6e65 6c0a 5354 ECTION Kernel.ST\n-00000200: 4152 542d 494e 464f 2d44 4952 2d45 4e54 ART-INFO-DIR-ENT\n-00000210: 5259 0a2a 2047 5255 423a 2028 6772 7562 RY.* GRUB: (grub\n-00000220: 292e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ). \n-00000230: 2020 2054 6865 2047 5261 6e64 2055 6e69 The GRand Uni\n-00000240: 6669 6564 2042 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 720a fied Bootloader.\n-00000250: 2a20 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a20 * grub-install: \n-00000260: 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 (grub)Invoking g\n-00000270: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c2e 2020 2020 rub-install. \n-00000280: 496e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 206f 6e20 Install GRUB on \n-00000290: 796f 7572 2064 7269 7665 0a2a 2067 7275 your drive.* gru\n-000002a0: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 3a20 2867 7275 b-mkconfig: (gru\n-000002b0: 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d b)Invoking grub-\n-000002c0: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 2e20 2047 656e 6572 mkconfig. Gener\n-000002d0: 6174 6520 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 ate GRUB configu\n-000002e0: 7261 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6b ration.* grub-mk\n-000002f0: 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 323a 2028 passwd-pbkdf2: (\n-00000300: 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 grub)Invoking gr\n-00000310: 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 ub-mkpasswd-pbkd\n-00000320: 6632 2e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c f2..* grub-mkrel\n-00000330: 7061 7468 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f path: (grub)Invo\n-00000340: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 king grub-mkrelp\n-00000350: 6174 682e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 ath..* grub-mkre\n-00000360: 7363 7565 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f scue: (grub)Invo\n-00000370: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 king grub-mkresc\n-00000380: 7565 2e20 204d 616b 6520 6120 4752 5542 ue. Make a GRUB\n-00000390: 2072 6573 6375 6520 696d 6167 650a 2a20 rescue image.* \n-000003a0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 3a20 2867 7275 grub-mount: (gru\n-000003b0: 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d b)Invoking grub-\n-000003c0: 6d6f 756e 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d6f mount. Mo\n-000003d0: 756e 7420 6120 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 unt a file syste\n-000003e0: 6d20 7573 696e 6720 4752 5542 0a2a 2067 m using GRUB.* g\n-000003f0: 7275 622d 7072 6f62 653a 2028 6772 7562 rub-probe: (grub\n-00000400: 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d70 )Invoking grub-p\n-00000410: 726f 6265 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2050 726f robe. Pro\n-00000420: 6265 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e 666f 726d be device inform\n-00000430: 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d73 6372 ation.* grub-scr\n-00000440: 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b3a 2028 6772 7562 ipt-check: (grub\n-00000450: 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d73 )Invoking grub-s\n-00000460: 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b2e 0a45 4e44 cript-check..END\n-00000470: 2d49 4e46 4f2d 4449 522d 454e 5452 590a -INFO-DIR-ENTRY.\n-00000480: 0a1f 0a49 6e64 6972 6563 743a 0a67 7275 ...Indirect:.gru\n-00000490: 622e 696e 666f 2d31 3a20 3131 3533 0a67 b.info-1: 1153.g\n-000004a0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2d32 3a20 3330 3337 rub.info-2: 3037\n-000004b0: 3836 0a1f 0a54 6167 2054 6162 6c65 3a0a 86...Tag Table:.\n-000004c0: 2849 6e64 6972 6563 7429 0a4e 6f64 653a (Indirect).Node:\n-000004d0: 2054 6f70 7f31 3135 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 Top.1153.Node: \n-000004e0: 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 7f33 3732 Introduction.372\n-000004f0: 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4f76 6572 7669 6577 3.Node: Overview\n-00000500: 7f34 3136 370a 4e6f 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t_style.160987.N\n-000012b0: 6f64 653a 2074 706d 5f66 6169 6c5f 6661 ode: tpm_fail_fa\n-000012c0: 7461 6c7f 3136 3134 3131 0a4e 6f64 653a tal.161411.Node:\n-000012d0: 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f Environment blo\n-000012e0: 636b 7f31 3632 3039 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ck.162096.Node: \n-000012f0: 4d6f 6475 6c65 737f 3136 3335 3532 0a4e Modules.163552.N\n-00001300: 6f64 653a 2062 6c69 7f31 3633 3833 370a ode: bli.163837.\n-00001310: 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 7f31 Node: Commands.1\n-00001320: 3634 3831 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d65 6e75 64816.Node: Menu\n-00001330: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 636f 6d6d 616e -specific comman\n-00001340: 6473 7f31 3635 3730 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ds.165705.Node: \n-00001350: 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 797f 3136 3634 3234 menuentry.166424\n-00001360: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 7f31 .Node: submenu.1\n-00001370: 3638 3031 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4c6f 6164 68013.Node: Load\n-00001380: 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 737f 3136 3835 er commands.1685\n-00001390: 3436 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 46.Node: chainlo\n-000013a0: 6164 6572 7f31 3731 3034 320a 4e6f 6465 ader.171042.Node\n-000013b0: 3a20 696e 6974 7264 7f31 3731 3733 350a : initrd.171735.\n-000013c0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 696e 6974 7264 3136 7f31 Node: initrd16.1\n-000013d0: 3733 3933 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 6e75 73931.Node: linu\n-000013e0: 787f 3137 3435 3337 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c x.174537.Node: l\n-000013f0: 696e 7578 3136 7f31 3735 3434 340a 4e6f inux16.175444.No\n-00001400: 6465 3a20 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 de: xen_hypervis\n-00001410: 6f72 7f31 3736 3134 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 or.176149.Node: \n-00001420: 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 7f31 3736 3539 xen_module.17659\n-00001430: 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 3.Node: General \n-00001440: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 7f31 3737 3039 340a commands.177094.\n-00001450: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7365 7269 616c 7f31 3737 Node: serial.177\n-00001460: 3534 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 726d 696e 544.Node: termin\n-00001470: 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 7f31 3739 3637 360a 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6f64 653a 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 .Node: blocklist\n-00001570: 7f31 3931 3838 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 626f .191882.Node: bo\n-00001580: 6f74 7f31 3932 3130 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ot.192101.Node: \n-00001590: 6361 747f 3139 3234 3038 0a4e 6f64 653a cat.192408.Node:\n-000015a0: 2063 6c65 6172 7f31 3933 3338 350a 4e6f clear.193385.No\n-000015b0: 6465 3a20 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6e7f 3139 de: cmosclean.19\n-000015c0: 3335 3438 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 6d6f 7364 3548.Node: cmosd\n-000015d0: 756d 707f 3139 3338 3337 0a4e 6f64 653a ump.193837.Node:\n-000015e0: 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 747f 3139 3431 3137 cmostest.194117\n-000015f0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 6d70 7f31 3934 3436 .Node: cmp.19446\n-00001600: 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 6669 0.Node: configfi\n-00001610: 6c65 7f31 3935 3231 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 le.195215.Node: \n-00001620: 6370 7569 647f 3139 3536 3239 0a4e 6f64 cpuid.195629.Nod\n-00001630: 653a 2063 7263 7f31 3936 3139 370a 4e6f e: crc.196197.No\n-00001640: 6465 3a20 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 747f de: cryptomount.\n-00001650: 3139 3634 3634 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 7574 196464.Node: cut\n-00001660: 6d65 6d7f 3139 3837 3334 0a4e 6f64 653a mem.198734.Node:\n-00001670: 2064 6174 657f 3139 3936 3032 0a4e 6f64 date.199602.Nod\n-00001680: 653a 2064 6576 6963 6574 7265 657f 3230 e: devicetree.20\n-00001690: 3031 3331 0a4e 6f64 653a 2064 6973 7472 0131.Node: distr\n-000016a0: 7573 747f 3230 3036 3538 0a4e 6f64 653a ust.200658.Node:\n-000016b0: 2064 7269 7665 6d61 707f 3230 3134 3434 drivemap.201444\n-000016c0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2065 6368 6f7f 3230 3232 .Node: echo.2022\n-000016d0: 3831 0a4e 6f64 653a 2065 6669 7465 7874 81.Node: efitext\n-000016e0: 6d6f 6465 7f32 3033 3235 360a 4e6f 6465 mode.203256.Node\n-000016f0: 3a20 6576 616c 7f32 3035 3439 300a 4e6f : eval.205490.No\n-00001700: 6465 3a20 6578 706f 7274 7f32 3035 3736 de: export.20576\n-00001710: 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6661 6c73 657f 3230 5.Node: false.20\n-00001720: 3630 3635 0a4e 6f64 653a 2066 7773 6574 6065.Node: fwset\n-00001730: 7570 7f32 3036 3335 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 up.206354.Node: \n-00001740: 6764 6269 6e66 6f7f 3230 3637 3033 0a4e gdbinfo.206703.N\n-00001750: 6f64 653a 2067 6574 7465 7874 7f32 3037 ode: gettext.207\n-00001760: 3234 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6770 7473 796e 242.Node: gptsyn\n-00001770: 637f 3230 3736 3838 0a4e 6f64 653a 2068 c.207688.Node: h\n-00001780: 616c 747f 3230 3836 3330 0a4e 6f64 653a alt.208630.Node:\n-00001790: 2068 6173 6873 756d 7f32 3039 3031 300a hashsum.209010.\n-000017a0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6865 6c70 7f32 3130 3331 Node: help.21031\n-000017b0: 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6865 7864 756d 707f 1.Node: hexdump.\n-000017c0: 3231 3037 3634 0a4e 6f64 653a 2069 6e73 210764.Node: ins\n-000017d0: 6d6f 647f 3231 3133 3831 0a4e 6f64 653a mod.211381.Node:\n-000017e0: 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 7f32 3131 3538 keystatus.21158\n-000017f0: 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 7.Node: list_env\n-00001800: 7f32 3132 3231 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 .212212.Node: li\n-00001810: 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 7f32 3132 3536 st_trusted.21256\n-00001820: 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 7.Node: load_env\n-00001830: 7f32 3133 3134 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f .213143.Node: lo\n-00001840: 6164 666f 6e74 7f32 3134 3832 390a 4e6f adfont.214829.No\n-00001850: 6465 3a20 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 7f32 3135 de: loopback.215\n-00001860: 3139 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 7f32 3135 193.Node: ls.215\n-00001870: 3738 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 666f 6e74 785.Node: lsfont\n-00001880: 737f 3231 3633 3132 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c s.216312.Node: l\n-00001890: 736d 6f64 7f32 3136 3437 390a 4e6f 6465 smod.216479.Node\n-000018a0: 3a20 6d64 3573 756d 7f32 3136 3635 340a : md5sum.216654.\n-000018b0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d6f 6475 6c65 7f32 3136 Node: module.216\n-000018c0: 3932 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d75 6c74 6962 926.Node: multib\n-000018d0: 6f6f 747f 3231 3732 3233 0a4e 6f64 653a oot.217223.Node:\n-000018e0: 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b7f 3231 3833 nativedisk.2183\n-000018f0: 3231 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c7f 21.Node: normal.\n-00001900: 3231 3837 3035 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6f72 218705.Node: nor\n-00001910: 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 7f32 3139 3437 330a mal_exit.219473.\n-00001920: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 7f32 Node: parttool.2\n-00001930: 3139 3738 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 7373 19780.Node: pass\n-00001940: 776f 7264 7f32 3231 3330 370a 4e6f 6465 word.221307.Node\n-00001950: 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 : password_pbkdf\n-00001960: 327f 3232 3135 3734 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 2.221574.Node: p\n-00001970: 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 747f 3232 3139 3737 lainmount.221977\n-00001980: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e .Node: plainmoun\n-00001990: 742d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 737f 3232 3537 t-Footnotes.2257\n-000019a0: 3339 0a52 6566 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 39.Ref: plainmou\n-000019b0: 6e74 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 652d 317f 3232 nt-Footnote-1.22\n-000019c0: 3538 3034 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 6c61 797f 5804.Node: play.\n-000019d0: 3232 3538 3935 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 726f 225895.Node: pro\n-000019e0: 6265 7f32 3236 3632 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 be.226623.Node: \n-000019f0: 7264 6d73 727f 3232 3730 3934 0a4e 6f64 rdmsr.227094.Nod\n-00001a00: 653a 2072 6561 647f 3232 3738 3636 0a4e e: read.227866.N\n-00001a10: 6f64 653a 2072 6562 6f6f 747f 3232 3833 ode: reboot.2283\n-00001a20: 3039 0a4e 6f64 653a 2072 6567 6578 707f 09.Node: regexp.\n-00001a30: 3232 3834 3737 0a4e 6f64 653a 2072 6d6d 228477.Node: rmm\n-00001a40: 6f64 7f32 3239 3030 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 od.229009.Node: \n-00001a50: 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 7f32 3239 3138 370a save_env.229187.\n-00001a60: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7365 6172 6368 7f32 3330 Node: search.230\n-00001a70: 3230 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7365 6e64 6b65 204.Node: sendke\n-00001a80: 797f 3233 3138 3138 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 y.231818.Node: s\n-00001a90: 6574 7f32 3338 3333 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 et.238332.Node: \n-00001aa0: 7368 6131 7375 6d7f 3233 3837 3434 0a4e sha1sum.238744.N\n-00001ab0: 6f64 653a 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 7f32 ode: sha256sum.2\n-00001ac0: 3339 3032 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7368 6135 39022.Node: sha5\n-00001ad0: 3132 7375 6d7f 3233 3933 3134 0a4e 6f64 12sum.239314.Nod\n-00001ae0: 653a 2073 6c65 6570 7f32 3339 3630 340a e: sleep.239604.\n-00001af0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 736d 6269 6f73 7f32 3430 Node: smbios.240\n-00001b00: 3131 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 736f 7572 6365 117.Node: source\n-00001b10: 7f32 3433 3138 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 .243181.Node: te\n-00001b20: 7374 7f32 3433 3732 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 st.243727.Node: \n-00001b30: 7472 7565 7f32 3436 3630 310a 4e6f 6465 true.246601.Node\n-00001b40: 3a20 7472 7573 747f 3234 3638 3830 0a4e : trust.246880.N\n-00001b50: 6f64 653a 2075 6e73 6574 7f32 3437 3638 ode: unset.24768\n-00001b60: 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 3.Node: verify_d\n-00001b70: 6574 6163 6865 647f 3234 3738 3832 0a4e etached.247882.N\n-00001b80: 6f64 653a 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f 7f32 ode: videoinfo.2\n-00001b90: 3438 3932 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7772 6d73 48926.Node: wrms\n-00001ba0: 727f 3234 3931 3839 0a4e 6f64 653a 204e r.249189.Node: N\n-00001bb0: 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 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6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 7f32 3535 _dhcp_option.255\n-00001cb0: 3532 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6970 527.Node: net_ip\n-00001cc0: 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 667f 3235 3630 v6_autoconf.2560\n-00001cd0: 3238 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 28.Node: net_ls_\n-00001ce0: 6164 6472 7f32 3536 3435 330a 4e6f 6465 addr.256453.Node\n-00001cf0: 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 7f32 : net_ls_cards.2\n-00001d00: 3536 3730 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 56701.Node: net_\n-00001d10: 6c73 5f64 6e73 7f32 3536 3933 370a 4e6f ls_dns.256937.No\n-00001d20: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 de: net_ls_route\n-00001d30: 737f 3235 3731 3638 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e s.257168.Node: n\n-00001d40: 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 707f 3235 3733 et_nslookup.2573\n-00001d50: 3735 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f73 6574 75.Node: net_set\n-00001d60: 5f76 6c61 6e7f 3235 3736 3830 0a4e 6f64 _vlan.257680.Nod\n-00001d70: 653a 2055 6e64 6f63 756d 656e 7465 6420 e: Undocumented \n-00001d80: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 7f32 3538 3134 330a 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653a 204d 6561 7375 7265 6420 426f ode: Measured Bo\n-00001e80: 6f74 7f32 3830 3035 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ot.280051.Node: \n-00001e90: 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 7f32 3832 3035 330a Lockdown.282053.\n-00001ea0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 506c 6174 666f 726d 206c Node: Platform l\n-00001eb0: 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 7f32 3832 3535 imitations.28255\n-00001ec0: 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 506c 6174 666f 726d 4.Node: Platform\n-00001ed0: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6f70 6572 6174 -specific operat\n-00001ee0: 696f 6e73 7f32 3930 3536 330a 4e6f 6465 ions.290563.Node\n-00001ef0: 3a20 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6b65 726e : Supported kern\n-00001f00: 656c 737f 3239 3136 3534 0a4e 6f64 653a els.291654.Node:\n-00001f10: 2054 726f 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 6e67 Troubleshooting\n-00001f20: 7f32 3939 3239 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4752 .299291.Node: GR\n-00001f30: 5542 206f 6e6c 7920 6f66 6665 7273 2061 UB only offers a\n-00001f40: 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c7f 3239 rescue shell.29\n-00001f50: 3935 3630 0a4e 6f64 653a 2046 6972 6d77 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4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 7f32 3135 3738 9.Node: ls.21578\n+00001870: 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 666f 6e74 737f 1.Node: lsfonts.\n+00001880: 3231 3633 3038 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 736d 216308.Node: lsm\n+00001890: 6f64 7f32 3136 3437 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 od.216475.Node: \n+000018a0: 6d64 3573 756d 7f32 3136 3635 300a 4e6f md5sum.216650.No\n+000018b0: 6465 3a20 6d6f 6475 6c65 7f32 3136 3932 de: module.21692\n+000018c0: 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 2.Node: multiboo\n+000018d0: 747f 3231 3732 3139 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e t.217219.Node: n\n+000018e0: 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b7f 3231 3833 3137 ativedisk.218317\n+000018f0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c7f 3231 .Node: normal.21\n+00001900: 3837 3031 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6f72 6d61 8701.Node: norma\n+00001910: 6c5f 6578 6974 7f32 3139 3436 390a 4e6f l_exit.219469.No\n+00001920: 6465 3a20 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 7f32 3139 de: parttool.219\n+00001930: 3737 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 7373 776f 776.Node: passwo\n+00001940: 7264 7f32 3231 3330 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 rd.221303.Node: \n+00001950: 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 327f password_pbkdf2.\n+00001960: 3232 3135 3730 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 6c61 221570.Node: pla\n+00001970: 696e 6d6f 756e 747f 3232 3139 3733 0a4e inmount.221973.N\n+00001980: 6f64 653a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 742d ode: plainmount-\n+00001990: 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 737f 3232 3537 3335 Footnotes.225735\n+000019a0: 0a52 6566 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 .Ref: plainmount\n+000019b0: 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 652d 317f 3232 3538 -Footnote-1.2258\n+000019c0: 3030 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 6c61 797f 3232 00.Node: play.22\n+000019d0: 3538 3931 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 726f 6265 5891.Node: probe\n+000019e0: 7f32 3236 3631 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7264 .226619.Node: rd\n+000019f0: 6d73 727f 3232 3730 3930 0a4e 6f64 653a msr.227090.Node:\n+00001a00: 2072 6561 647f 3232 3738 3632 0a4e 6f64 read.227862.Nod\n+00001a10: 653a 2072 6562 6f6f 747f 3232 3833 3035 e: reboot.228305\n+00001a20: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2072 6567 6578 707f 3232 .Node: regexp.22\n+00001a30: 3834 3733 0a4e 6f64 653a 2072 6d6d 6f64 8473.Node: rmmod\n+00001a40: 7f32 3239 3030 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7361 .229005.Node: sa\n+00001a50: 7665 5f65 6e76 7f32 3239 3138 330a 4e6f ve_env.229183.No\n+00001a60: 6465 3a20 7365 6172 6368 7f32 3330 3230 de: search.23020\n+00001a70: 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7365 6e64 6b65 797f 0.Node: sendkey.\n+00001a80: 3233 3138 3134 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6574 231814.Node: set\n+00001a90: 7f32 3338 3332 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7368 .238328.Node: sh\n+00001aa0: 6131 7375 6d7f 3233 3837 3430 0a4e 6f64 a1sum.238740.Nod\n+00001ab0: 653a 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 7f32 3339 e: sha256sum.239\n+00001ac0: 3031 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7368 6135 3132 018.Node: sha512\n+00001ad0: 7375 6d7f 3233 3933 3130 0a4e 6f64 653a sum.239310.Node:\n+00001ae0: 2073 6c65 6570 7f32 3339 3630 300a 4e6f sleep.239600.No\n+00001af0: 6465 3a20 736d 6269 6f73 7f32 3430 3131 de: smbios.24011\n+00001b00: 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 736f 7572 6365 7f32 3.Node: source.2\n+00001b10: 3433 3137 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 7374 43177.Node: test\n+00001b20: 7f32 3433 3732 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7472 .243723.Node: tr\n+00001b30: 7565 7f32 3436 3539 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ue.246597.Node: \n+00001b40: 7472 7573 747f 3234 3638 3736 0a4e 6f64 trust.246876.Nod\n+00001b50: 653a 2075 6e73 6574 7f32 3437 3637 390a e: unset.247679.\n+00001b60: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 Node: verify_det\n+00001b70: 6163 6865 647f 3234 3738 3738 0a4e 6f64 ached.247878.Nod\n+00001b80: 653a 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f 7f32 3438 e: videoinfo.248\n+00001b90: 3932 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7772 6d73 727f 922.Node: wrmsr.\n+00001ba0: 3234 3931 3835 0a4e 6f64 653a 204e 6574 249185.Node: Net\n+00001bb0: 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 working commands\n+00001bc0: 7f32 3439 3936 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .249961.Node: ne\n+00001bd0: 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 7f32 3531 3033 t_add_addr.25103\n+00001be0: 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 4.Node: net_add_\n+00001bf0: 646e 737f 3235 3135 3538 0a4e 6f64 653a dns.251558.Node:\n+00001c00: 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 7f32 net_add_route.2\n+00001c10: 3531 3833 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 51834.Node: net_\n+00001c20: 626f 6f74 707f 3235 3233 3632 0a4e 6f64 bootp.252362.Nod\n+00001c30: 653a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 727f e: net_del_addr.\n+00001c40: 3235 3237 3237 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 252727.Node: net\n+00001c50: 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 7f32 3532 3936 370a _del_dns.252967.\n+00001c60: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f Node: net_del_ro\n+00001c70: 7574 657f 3235 3332 3134 0a4e 6f64 653a ute.253214.Node:\n+00001c80: 206e 6574 5f64 6863 707f 3235 3334 3438 net_dhcp.253448\n+00001c90: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 .Node: net_get_d\n+00001ca0: 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 7f32 3535 3532 hcp_option.25552\n+00001cb0: 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6970 7636 3.Node: net_ipv6\n+00001cc0: 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 667f 3235 3630 3234 _autoconf.256024\n+00001cd0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 .Node: net_ls_ad\n+00001ce0: 6472 7f32 3536 3434 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 dr.256449.Node: \n+00001cf0: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 7f32 3536 net_ls_cards.256\n+00001d00: 3639 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 697.Node: net_ls\n+00001d10: 5f64 6e73 7f32 3536 3933 330a 4e6f 6465 _dns.256933.Node\n+00001d20: 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 737f : net_ls_routes.\n+00001d30: 3235 3731 3634 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 257164.Node: net\n+00001d40: 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 707f 3235 3733 3731 _nslookup.257371\n+00001d50: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 .Node: net_set_v\n+00001d60: 6c61 6e7f 3235 3736 3736 0a4e 6f64 653a lan.257676.Node:\n+00001d70: 2055 6e64 6f63 756d 656e 7465 6420 636f Undocumented co\n+00001d80: 6d6d 616e 6473 7f32 3538 3133 390a 4e6f mmands.258139.No\n+00001d90: 6465 3a20 496e 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 de: Internationa\n+00001da0: 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 7f32 3633 3835 310a lisation.263851.\n+00001db0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 7f32 Node: Security.2\n+00001dc0: 3730 3639 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4175 7468 70691.Node: Auth\n+00001dd0: 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 2061 entication and a\n+00001de0: 7574 686f 7269 7361 7469 6f6e 7f32 3731 uthorisation.271\n+00001df0: 3236 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 5573 696e 6720 267.Node: Using \n+00001e00: 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 digital signatur\n+00001e10: 6573 7f32 3734 3436 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 es.274463.Node: \n+00001e20: 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 UEFI secure boot\n+00001e30: 2061 6e64 2073 6869 6d7f 3237 3738 3239 and shim.277829\n+00001e40: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2053 6563 7572 6520 426f .Node: Secure Bo\n+00001e50: 6f74 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 5461 7267 ot Advanced Targ\n+00001e60: 6574 696e 677f 3237 3930 3038 0a4e 6f64 eting.279008.Nod\n+00001e70: 653a 204d 6561 7375 7265 6420 426f 6f74 e: Measured Boot\n+00001e80: 7f32 3830 3034 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4c6f .280047.Node: Lo\n+00001e90: 636b 646f 776e 7f32 3832 3034 390a 4e6f ckdown.282049.No\n+00001ea0: 6465 3a20 506c 6174 666f 726d 206c 696d de: Platform lim\n+00001eb0: 6974 6174 696f 6e73 7f32 3832 3535 300a itations.282550.\n+00001ec0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 506c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 Node: Platform-s\n+00001ed0: 7065 6369 6669 6320 6f70 6572 6174 696f pecific operatio\n+00001ee0: 6e73 7f32 3930 3535 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ns.290559.Node: \n+00001ef0: 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6b65 726e 656c Supported kernel\n+00001f00: 737f 3239 3136 3530 0a4e 6f64 653a 2054 s.291650.Node: T\n+00001f10: 726f 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 6e67 7f32 roubleshooting.2\n+00001f20: 3939 3238 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4752 5542 99287.Node: GRUB\n+00001f30: 206f 6e6c 7920 6f66 6665 7273 2061 2072 only offers a r\n+00001f40: 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c7f 3239 3935 escue shell.2995\n+00001f50: 3536 0a4e 6f64 653a 2046 6972 6d77 6172 56.Node: Firmwar\n+00001f60: 6520 7374 616c 6c73 2069 6e73 7465 6164 e stalls instead\n+00001f70: 206f 6620 626f 6f74 696e 6720 4752 5542 of booting GRUB\n+00001f80: 7f33 3033 3738 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 5573 .303780.Node: Us\n+00001f90: 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 er-space utiliti\n+00001fa0: 6573 7f33 3034 3431 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 es.304411.Node: \n+00001fb0: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e Invoking grub-in\n+00001fc0: 7374 616c 6c7f 3330 3531 3432 0a4e 6f64 stall.305142.Nod\n+00001fd0: 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 e: Invoking grub\n+00001fe0: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 677f 3330 3733 3635 -mkconfig.307365\n+00001ff0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 .Node: Invoking \n+00002000: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 grub-mkpasswd-pb\n+00002010: 6b64 6632 7f33 3038 3034 370a 4e6f 6465 kdf2.308047.Node\n+00002020: 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d : Invoking grub-\n+00002030: 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 687f 3330 3837 3539 mkrelpath.308759\n+00002040: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 .Node: Invoking \n+00002050: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 657f 3330 grub-mkrescue.30\n+00002060: 3935 3831 0a4e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 9581.Node: Invok\n+00002070: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 7f33 ing grub-mount.3\n+00002080: 3131 3433 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 11439.Node: Invo\n+00002090: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 657f king grub-probe.\n+000020a0: 3331 3435 3933 0a4e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 314593.Node: Inv\n+000020b0: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 oking grub-scrip\n+000020c0: 742d 6368 6563 6b7f 3331 3733 3536 0a4e t-check.317356.N\n+000020d0: 6f64 653a 204f 6274 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 ode: Obtaining a\n+000020e0: 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 696e 6720 4752 5542 nd Building GRUB\n+000020f0: 7f33 3138 3131 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 5265 .318113.Node: Re\n+00002100: 706f 7274 696e 6720 6275 6773 7f33 3139 porting bugs.319\n+00002110: 3335 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4675 7475 7265 358.Node: Future\n+00002120: 7f33 3232 3138 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f .322182.Node: Co\n+00002130: 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 pying This Manua\n+00002140: 6c7f 3332 3235 3832 0a4e 6f64 653a 2047 l.322582.Node: G\n+00002150: 4e55 2046 7265 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 NU Free Document\n+00002160: 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 6e73 657f 3332 ation License.32\n+00002170: 3238 3130 0a4e 6f64 653a 2049 6e64 6578 2810.Node: Index\n+00002180: 7f33 3435 3230 320a 1f0a 456e 6420 5461 .345202...End Ta\n+00002190: 6720 5461 626c 650a 0a1f 0a4c 6f63 616c g Table....Local\n+000021a0: 2056 6172 6961 626c 6573 3a0a 636f 6469 Variables:.codi\n+000021b0: 6e67 3a20 7574 662d 380a 456e 643a 0a ng: utf-8.End:.\n"}]}]}]}]}]}